ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION AND VECTOR

CALCULUS
Name : ADITHYA
VARDHANCLASS CSE -
5ROLL.NO. 22WJ8A05Z8 :
INTRODUCTION TO EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

A Differential equation of the form

M(x,y)dx+N(x,y)dy=0
is called an exact differential equation
if,
𝛛𝑀 𝛛𝑁
=
𝛛𝑦 𝛛𝑥
WORKING RULES FOR EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

STEP 1: Write the differential equation in the form of

M(x,y)dx+N(x,y)dy=0
𝛛𝑀 𝛛𝑁
STEP 2: Find a𝑛𝑑
𝛛𝑦 𝛛𝑥
𝛛𝑀 𝛛𝑁
STEP 3: Verify 𝛛𝑦=𝛛𝑥 ,then the equation is in exact form
 For Example :
(𝑥2+𝑦2)dx +2xydy =0
Here,M=(𝑋2+𝑌2)dx
𝛛𝑀 𝛛
=
𝛛𝑦 𝛛𝑦
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑦

N=(2xy)dy
𝛛𝑁 𝛛
=
𝛛𝑥 𝛛𝑥
(2xy)=2y
𝛛𝑀 𝛛𝑁
Therefore, = is an exact form
𝛛𝑦 𝛛𝑥
STEP 4: Find General solution
In order to obtain the General solution of an
exact differential equation,we have to
proceed as follows:
1. Integrate M with respect to x,keeping y as
a constant.
2. Integrate with respect to y only those
terms of N which do not contain x.
3. Add the two expressions (1) and (2),the
soluttYi=oconnstof Exact Differential Equation is:
an

‫𝑀 ׬‬dx+ ‫ 𝑠𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑡(׬‬of N not containing

‘x’ terms)dy=C
Q) (5𝑥4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥3y-3𝑥2𝑦2-
5𝑦4)dy=0
The given differential equation is
(5𝑥4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 3 𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
Here,M=5𝑥4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 3
𝜕𝑀
= 6𝑥 2 𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 2
𝜕𝑦
N= 2𝑥3y-3𝑥2𝑦2-
5𝑦4 𝛛𝑁
= 6𝑥 2 𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 2
𝛛𝑥
𝛛𝑀 𝛛𝑁
Therefore, = the given differential equation is in
𝛛𝑦 𝛛𝑥
exact form.
Therefore, GENERAL SOLUTION :
‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑀 ׬‬+ ‫ 𝑓𝑜 𝑠𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑡(׬‬′ 𝑁′ not containing
‘x’terms)dy=c
Y=constant
‫ (׬‬5𝑥4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 3 )dx +‫(׬‬−5𝑦4)dy =c
Y=constant
5‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 ‫𝑥 ׬‬2dx -2𝑦3 ‫𝑥𝑑𝑥 ׬‬-5‫𝑦 ׬‬4𝑑𝑦=c
5 3 2 5
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
5 5 + 3𝑦 3 - 2𝑦 2
2 3 −5 5
=c
𝑥5+𝑥3𝑦2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 5 =𝑐
THANK
YOU