Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)

For Student-driver’s Permit Applicants

Subject No. 4

Defensive Driving and

Motor Vehicle Maintenance

Subject Code: TDC-15-S-04-2

 Defensive Driving and MV Maintenance

Topic Outline:
5. Causes
and Prevention of Road Crashes, and Breakdowns
a. BLOWBAGETS
b. Human Factors
1. Fatigue
2. Uncontrolled Night Life
3. Distracted Driving
4. Arrogance
5. Inexperienced and Aggressive Drivers
6. Poor Eyesight and Impaired Hearing
7. Other Road Users such as Pedestrians/Street Hawkers,
Passengers/ Commuters, Bicyclists and Others
Causes and Prevention of Road
Crashes and Breakdowns
A person who has the last clear chance or opportunity of avoiding a road crash

11
 FIRST THING FIRST
Roadworthiness is the ability of a motor vehicle to be in a
suitable operating condition or meeting acceptable standards
for safe driving and transport of people, baggage or cargo in
roads or streets
Unsafe Motor Vehicles
a. Below satisfactory maintenance performance
b. Insufficient support from the Company
c. Abusive handling or driving
d. Lack of basic trouble shooting seminar or training
- Reactive Maintenance
- Proactive Maintenance
12
 BLOWBAGETS
TAKING CARE
B ATTERY
• Limit short rides
L • Keep batteries tightly fastened
O • Turn off all the lights before getting off
W • Control the corrosion
B • Do not use gadgets or accessories when engine is off
A
G
E
T
S
13
 BLOWBAGETS
B • Always clean LENS
• Make sure to switch the lights
L IGHTS ON before sunset
O • Switch OFF cabin lights when
W engine is off
• Keep windshield and mirrors
B clean
A • If possible, switch to low beam
lights if you are within 200
G meters of the car in front of you
E • Avoid too much tint
T • Avoid using excessive headlights

S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
O IL
W
B
A
G
E
T
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L MAX

O MIN
W ATER
B
A
G
E
T
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
O
W
B RAKE
A
G
E
T
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
O
W
VACUUM BOOSTER
B RAKE FROM AIR INTAKE
A
G BRAKE CALIPER
E OR BRAKE DRUM
T
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
HORN
O
WIPERS
W
B
WINDSHIELDS
A CCESORIES PARKING BRAKE
G SWITCHES AND CONTROLS
E EARLY WARNING DEVICE
T SEATBELTS
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B Fuel Saving Tips • Check for leaks
L • Avoid Short Trips • Avoid using different
O • Avoid Heavy Traffic brand of fuel
W • Do not carry too much • As much as possible
B load do not overfill the
• Close your windows fuel tank
A
• Accelerate smoothly • Replace fuel tank
G AS / FUEL • Shift Smoothly cap if required
E • Follow the Speed limit
T • Check Tire Pressure
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B • Avoid Installation of electrical accessories
• Must be installed or repaired by a qualified auto electrician
L
• Avoid using substandard electrical wires
O • Avoid using substandard electrical fuse and fuse holders
W • Avoid pouring water on dashboard when cleaning.
B • Never do a spaghetti wire
A
G
E LECTRICAL
T
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
O
W
B
A
G
E
T IRE
S
 BLOWBAGETS
B
L
O
MENTALLY
W
B
AND
A
G PHYSICALLY
E
T FIT
S ELF
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF ROAD CRASH

The Human
Factor

14
 FATIGUE

Straight Duty for personal reasons

Straight Duty as induced by Supervisor

Define Rest Hours or Days / Observe the

6-hour Driving Rule

15
 Uncontrolled Night Life
Drunk Driving and Hangovers (level of alcohol at zero %)
Partying and Socializing (videoke, karaoke)
Gambling and other bad habits (drugs, pot session)
Internet – social media, chatting, e-messengers, watching movies

Poor Hygiene, Tardiness, Poor Reflexes

16
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
Emotions – positive or negative emotions affect driving
Loud Music or Video Players

17
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
Texting, Answering Phone Calls
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
Conversations with Passengers or Fellow Employees
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
What to do when hungry? Eat!!!!!
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
Dashboard/ Windshield Extra Decorations and Accessories (RA 10913)
DISTRACTED DRIVING

Dashboard/ Windshield
Extra Decorations and
Accessories
 DISTRACTED DRIVING
Ordinary Illness (e.g. sore eyes, strain, flu)
 What to do?

FOLLOW THE LAW ON ANTI-DISTRACTED DRIVING

LEAVE ALL EMOTIONS BEHIND
CONCENTRATE ON THE STEERING WHEEL
WHEN SICK….. GO TO DOCTOR
 Ask yourself – Am I safe?

ILLNESS – do I have any symptom?

MEDICATION – am I taking any over the counter prescription or other drugs?

STRESS – any worries about the job, finances or families?

ALCOHOL – have I been drinking for the last twenty-four hours?
FATIGUE – have I worked more than my physical ability, with incomplete rest?
EATING – am I hungry?
 Arrogance and limited knowledge of the law
(Kayabangan at kamangmangan)

Speeding
Carelessness – illegal turns and change of lanes
Blind Curve recklessness
Disregarding Road Traffic Signs, Signals and
Warnings
Allowing other person to drive
Lack of Discipline and Proper Training

18
 Arrogance (Kayabangan)
NORMAL WEATHER, ROAD and TIRE CONDITION BRAKING DISTANCE
Carelessness – illegal turns and change of lanes
Carelessness – illegal turns and change of lanes
Blind Curve Recklessness
Disregarding Road Traffic Signs, Signals and Warnings
 TIPs to Instructors

• Try to teach during non-peak hours

• Limit the conversation while the learner is on steering wheel

Never allow a person to drive without SP

Lack of Discipline and Proper Training
Lack of Discipline and Proper Training
Lack of Discipline and Proper Training
Bullying
Other Causes
Age Factor
Illness
 Road conditions and Engineering
Improper Warning Sign Locations and Meanings
Improper road construction Warning signs
 Road conditions and Engineering
Confusing Traffic Signs

ON GREEN LIGHT
 Lack of Notice and Communication
Unannounced road repair from LGUs and National Gov’t.
Co-employees failed to inform supervisors or dispatchers on
physical changes along the route.
 Common Road Crash and Breakdown
due to Mechanical Parts
Overheating
Exhaust Manifold Electrical
Accessories

Oil Leak – Engine

Sticking Brake, Compartment
Brake Fade
Belts, Pulleys
Flat Tires and Wheel and Bearings
Nuts

19
Safety Issue - Shifting

Improper and untimely changing of gear

may cause engine failure.

TIPS
• Shifting of gear requires knowledge on
the capability of the vehicle, the load, the
road condition or engineering design.
• Proper shifting must be done before or
within the green band.
• Never rev the engine up to the red band.
• If possible, switch off the aircon when
driving uphill.

20
Safety Issue - Crabbing

21
 Overheating Motor Vehicle Factor

Common Causes of Overheating

Common Symptoms of Water Leak or Clogged Radiator
Overheating Clogged Air Filter
High Temperature Gauge Water and Oil Mix on Engine Block
White Exhaust Insufficient Oil
Low Power
Sticking Brake
Common Effects of Prolonged Low Gear (Uphill)
Overheating
Excessive use of Aircon
Engine Stuck up
Belts (broken, loose, etc.)
Engine Fire
22
 Motor Vehicle Factor
Exhaust Manifold
Signs and Symptoms of Manifold Leak
Low power or low engine efficiency
Poisonous carbon monoxide (colorless/odorless smoke) may go inside the cabin
Crack pipe
Extra volume of noise within engine compartment
Sputtering – soft explosive sounds

Worst Effect of
Manifold Leak

Fire

23
 Motor Vehicle Factor
Electrical
Accessories
Never add or alter ELECTRICAL
Accessories without proper authority

24
Motor Vehicle Factor
Oil Leak – Engine
Compartment

Causes of Oil Leaks

Back Job
Prolonged Idling
Over RPM
Substandard Gaskets or O-rings
Effects of Oil Leaks
Overheating/ Fire
Internal Damage
Engine Stuck up
25
 Motor Vehicle Factor
Belts, Pulleys
and Bearings

Include water drop or sand check to determine if belt or bearing wear and tear
 Motor Vehicle Factor
Sticking Brake
or Brake Fade
Be aware of brake warning light
Symptoms of Brake Failure
• Hearing a Metallic Squeal While You're
in Motion
• Grinding Sound, Wobbling, Vibration
or Scraping.
• Leaking Fluid
• Car Pulling to One Side When Braking
• Burning Smell While Driving
• Hard brake pedal
 Motor Vehicle Factor

Anti-lock Braking System

Signs of malfunctioning ABS

- Switching the engine ON – ABS light must turn ON
- When engine starts – ABS light must turn OFF
- Blinking ABS when driving

26
 Motor Vehicle Factor
Flat Tires and Wheel
Nuts
 Engineering, Environmental and Weather Factors

• Debris and Construction materials

• Potholes/ manholes
• Undisciplined Pedestrians and Street Vendors
• Rains, Flood, Fogs etc.

27
 Weather and Environmental Factors
Debris and Construction materials
Weather and Environmental Factors
Potholes/ manholes
 Weather and Environmental Factors
Undisciplined Pedestrians and Street Vendors
Weather and Environmental Factors
Rains, Flood, etc
 What to do on wet or flooded roads?

Be Aware, Calm and Ready

As much as possible do not step on the
brake
Reduce Speed, by releasing the accelerator
pedal
Gently step on the brakes after passing the wet
road to dry the brake pads, rotors, linings and
drums.
 IN CLOSING

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S A D A AN
D I S I P L I NA
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K A I L ANGAN
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