TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS

● If a column is subjected to an axial load such that it’s eccentricity
(eactual) is less than minimum eccentricity (emin), then it is
considered to be an Axially Loaded Column

● For a column subjected purely by an axial load, the nominal load

Pn that it can carry is the sum of the strength of steel which is
fyAst and the strength of concrete, 0.85f’c(Ag-Ast), where Ag-Ast
is the net concrete area

● To counter the effect of possible eccentricities, the nominal

strength Pn is multiplied by 0.80 for tied columns and 0.85 for
spiral columns. Finally, the ultimate axial strength of the column is
ΦPn, where Φ is 0.65 for tied columns and 0.75 for spiral
columns

TIED COLUMNS
LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT FOR TIED COLUMNS
1. Ast shall not be less than 0.01Ag and Ast shall not be
more than 0.08Ag. (Section 410.6.1.1)
2. The minimum number of longitudinal bars is 4 for bars
within rectangle or circular ties, 3 for bars within triangular
ties. (Section 410.7.3.1)
SIZES AND SPACING OF MAIN BARS AND TIES
1. Clear distance between longitudinal bars shall be not less
than 1.5db nor 40mm. (Section 425.2.3)
TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

2. Use 10mm diameter ties for 32mm bars or smaller and at

least 12mm in size for 36mm, 42mm, 58mm, and bundled
longitudinal bars. (Section 425.7.2.2)
3. Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed: (Section
425.7.2.1)
a. 16*db (db = longitudinal bar diameter)
b. 48*tie diameter
c. least dimension of the column

SPIRAL COLUMNS
LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT FOR SPIRAL COLUMNS
1. Ast shall not be less than 0.01Ag and Ast shall not be
more than 0.08Ag. (Section 410.6.1.1)
2. The minimum number of longitudinal bar is 6. (Section
410.7.3.1)
SIZES AND SPACING FOR SPIRALS
1. For cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be
less than 10mm diameter. (Section 425.7.3.2)
2. Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 75mm,
nor be less than 25mm. (Section 425.7.3.1)
3. The minimum spiral percentage is given by: (Section
425.7.3.3)

4. The percentage of the spiral steel ρs is computed from

the following equation:
TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

SAMPLE PROBLEM (TIED COLUMN-ANALYSIS)

1. A square tied column 450mm on each side is reinforced with
8-25mm bars with fy= 415MPa. Determine the safe service axial
live load if the axial dead load on the column is 820KN. Use f’c=
21 MPa.
TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

SAMPLE PROBLEM (TIED COLUMN - ECONOMICAL DESIGN)

2. Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load of
575KN and an axial live load of 770KN. Assume f’c= 27.6 MPa
and fy= 414 MPa. Use 28mm main bars and 10mm ties.
TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

SAMPLE PROBLEM (SPIRAL COLUMN-ANALYSIS)

3. A round spiral column having a diameter of 450mm reinforced
with six 25mm bars having fy= 345MPa. If the service axial dead
load is 900KN, determine the safe axial live load of the column.
Use f’c= 34MPa.
TIED AND SPIRAL COLUMNS (AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS)

SAMPLE PROBLEM (SPIRAL COLUMN – DESIGN)

4. Design a round spiral column to support an axial dead load of
900KN and an axial live load of 1300KN. Assume that 3%
longitudinal steel is desired, f’c= 27.6 MPa and fy= 414 MPa. Use
25mm main reinforcement. Determine also the minimum spacing
of a 10mm spiral (fyt= 275 MPa) with 30mm steel covering.