JERMAGNE A.

CERIA
JD-3
LEGAL/FORENSIC MEDICINE

1. Discuss the basic types of wounds according to the source of force applied

Wounds can be classified based on the source of force applied. Here are the basic types:

1. Open wounds: These involve a break in the skin with internal tissue exposed. They can be
further classified into:
o Incision: A clean cut, often from a sharp object.
o Laceration: A rough, irregular tear caused by some blunt trauma.
o Abrasion: Superficial damage to the skin, generally not involving deeper layers.
o Puncture: A small hole caused by a long, pointed object, such as a nail or needle.
2. Closed wounds: The skin is intact and internal tissue is not exposed. They include:
o Contusion: Also known as a bruise, it is caused by blunt force trauma that damages
tissue under the skin.
o Hematoma: A collection of blood outside of a blood vessel.
3. Pressure wounds: These may be open or closed depending on their stage.

The healing process of these wounds can also vary:

 Primary intention: Wound edges are approximated, either on their own or by intervention. This
is the fastest type of wound closure, carrying only a low risk of infection/scarring.
 Secondary intention: Wound edges cannot be approximated due to significant tissue loss.
Granulation tissue and wound contraction occur to close the defect. A higher risk of infection
and scarring is present.
 Tertiary intention: The wound is left open and later closed to reduce the risk of infection and
risk for poor healing. The wound is cleansed, monitored, and surgically closed when appropriate.

It’s important to note that the type of wound and the healing process can greatly influence the care
strategies and treatment methods..

2. What are the two types of firearms? Differentiate.

Firearms can be broadly classified into two types: handguns and long guns.

1. Handguns: These are small firearms designed to be handheld, making them easy to carry and
use. They can be further divided into two types:
o Revolvers: These have a rotating cylinder that typically holds five to nine cartridges.
When the trigger is pulled, the cylinder rotates to align the next cartridge with the
barrel, and the hammer is released to fire the cartridge.
o Pistols: These are semi-automatic firearms that automatically eject and load new rounds
into the barrel after each shot.
 2. Long Guns: These are larger firearms designed to be fired from the shoulder. They offer greater
accuracy and are typically used for hunting and shooting at longer ranges. They can be further
divided into two types:
o Rifles: These have a long barrel with spiral grooves (rifling) that impart spin to the
projectile, increasing accuracy. Some rifles have detachable magazines, while others
have integral magazines.
o Shotguns: These are designed to fire many small projectiles (shot) rather than a single
bullet. They typically have one or two unrifled barrels and are often used for hunting
small game.

Each type of firearm has its specific uses and characteristics, and the choice between them depends on
the intended use.

3. Discuss the classification of the range of fire

The range of fire can be classified based on the type of material that is burning. Here are the
classifications:

1. Class A Fires: These involve solid combustibles such as paper, wood, and cardboard.
2. Class B Fires: These involve flammable liquids including cleaning products and paints.
3. Class C Fires: These involve flammable gases like methane or propane.
4. Class D Fires: These involve flammable metals with examples such as sodium and potassium.
5. Class F Fires: These involve cooking oils and fats, most often found in kitchen environments.

Each class of fire requires a specific type of extinguisher to effectively put it out. It’s important to use the
correct type of extinguisher to avoid exacerbating the fire or causing unnecessary damage.