Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

School of Management Sciences

Expository Writing and Critical Thinking – HM 102
Final
Summer, 2023

NAME REG
FACULTY DATE
Q.1 Choose the best option.
1. Select the correct usage of in-text citation in APA style.
A. Experienced listeners are better able to comprehend accented speech, regardless of the
type of accent (Susan Gass and Evangeline Varonis).
B. Experienced listeners are better able to comprehend accented speech, regardless of the
type of accent (Gass & Varonis).
C. Experienced listeners are better able to comprehend accented speech, regardless of the
type of accent (Gass & Varonis, 1984).
D. Experienced listeners are better able to comprehend accented speech, regardless of the
type of accent (Gass and Varonis 1984).
2. Select the correct usage of in-text citation in APA style.
A. Barks and Watts (2001) provide an excellent outline of interactive classroom activities
for addressing plagiarism in a cross-cultural setting.
B. Debbie Barks and Patricia Watts (2001) provide an excellent outline of interactive
classroom activities for addressing plagiarism in a cross-cultural setting.
C. Debbie Barks and Patricia Watts in their study “Textual borrowing strategies for
graduate-level ESL writers” (2001) provide an excellent outline of interactive classroom
activities for addressing plagiarism in a cross-cultural setting.
D. Barks & Watts provide an excellent outline of interactive classroom activities for
addressing plagiarism in a cross-cultural setting.
3. Select the reference example that has the correct format for APA style.
A. Gu, Qing and Brooks, Jane. (2008). Beyond the accusation of plagiarism. System: An
International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 36(3), 337–
352.
B. Gu, Q., & Brooks, J. (2008). Beyond the accusation of plagiarism. System: An
International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 36(3), 337–
352.
C. Gu, Q., Brooks, J. (2008). Beyond the accusation of plagiarism. System: An International
Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 36(3), 337–352.
4. Select the reference example that has the correct format for APA style.
 A. Jackson, P. A. (2006). Plagiarism Instruction Online: Assessing Undergraduate Students'
Ability to Avoid Plagiarism. College & Research Libraries, 67(5), 418–428.
B. Jackson, Pamela A. (2006). Plagiarism instruction online: Assessing undergraduate
students' ability to avoid plagiarism. College & Research Libraries, 67(5), 418–428.
C. Jackson, P. A. (2006). Plagiarism instruction online: Assessing undergraduate students'
ability to avoid plagiarism. College & Research Libraries, 67(5), 418–428.
5. In APA style the list of references should be in order by:
A. Chronological by date of publication
B. Alphabetical by first author’s last name
C. Alphabetical by title
D. No particular order
6. What is the correct APA end-text citation format for an online report with a corporate author?
A. Organization Name. (2022). Report Title. Retrieved from http://www.mockreport.com
B. Report Title. (2022, Organization Name). Retrieved from http://www.mockreport.com
C. (2022, Organization Name, Report Title)
D. (Report Title, 2022). Organization Name. Retrieved from http://www.mockreport.com
7. If you were citing an e-book what would be the proper citation format?
A. Kraizer, S. (2011). Safety on the Internet. http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-on-
the-internet/
B. Post, E. (1923). Etiquette in society, in business, in politics, and at home. Funk &
Wagnalls. http://www.bartleby.com/95/
C. Johnston, J. (Director). (2004). Hidalgo. [Motion Picture]. Touchstone/Disney.
D. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovation (5th ed.). Free Press.
8. If you were citing a website with an author without a publication date, what would be the
proper citation format?
A. Kraizer, S. (2011). Safety on the Internet. http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-on-
the-internet/
B. Krazier, Stephanie. (2011). Safety on the Internet.
http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-on-the-internet/
C. Krazier, S. (n. d.). Safety on the Internet. http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-on-
the-internet/
9. What is the correct reference format for a book?
Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2011). 𝘍𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 (6th
ed.).
A. Weinberg, RS and Gould, D 2011, 𝘍𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺,
Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
 B. R. S. Weinberg & D. Gould, (2011). 𝘍𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺
(6th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
C. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2011). 𝘍𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘪𝘴𝘦 𝘱𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺
(6th ed.). Human Kinetics.
10. What is the correct author and year format for a journal article in a reference list?
A. Brill, J. B. (2011).
B. Brill, JB, (2011).
C. Brill, J. B. 2011.
D. John Brill, 2011.
11. What is the correct reference format for a web document?
A. What is holistic medicine? 2012. Retrieved from
http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html
B. Gold, M. (2012). What is holistic medicine? http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html
C. Martin Gold. (2012). What is holistic medicine? http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html
D. Gold, M 2012, What is holistic medicine?, viewed 30 July 2014,
http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html.
12. What is the correct in-text reference format for a direct quote
A. Veit and Gould (2010) emphasise the importance of ‘using your own words and your
own style’ when paraphrasing.Veit & Gould (2010, p158) emphasise the importance of
‘using your own words and your own style’ when paraphrasing.
B. Veit & Gould (2010, p158) emphasise the importance of ‘using your own words and your
own style’ when paraphrasing.
C. Veit and Gould (2010) emphasise the importance of “using your own words and your
own style" (p. 158) when paraphrasing.
D. Veit and Gould, page 158, emphasise the importance of ‘using your own words and your
own style’ when paraphrasing.
13.Which of the following do you not need to include in a citation?
A. Author, if available
B. Title of periodical
C. Date of publication
D. Call number
14. An abstract is:
A. The article's citation information
B. The article
C. A brief summary of an article
D. The table of contents to a book
15. There are two steps to properly citing your sources. The first is the _____, which gives the
reader brief information about where the information came from. The reader can then use the
_____ to find more detailed information on that source.
A. In-text citation; Works Cited Page
B. Works Cited page; In-text citation
C. In-text citation; Source list
D. Source List; In-text citation
16.Which of the following is true about including a REFERENCE page?
A. It is required if you have borrowed words or ideas from any sources.
B. It is required by the American Psychological Association.
C. It is optional if you have used three or fewer sources.
D. It means that you don't have to use in-text parenthetical citation.
17.Your Reference page should _____.
A. Begin on the same page on which the body of your paper ends
B. Include all of the sources that you cited in the body of your paper
C. Contain all sources that you read when writing your paper
D. Always contain at least ten sources
18. What is the correct APA end-text citation format for a book with one author?
A. Smith, J. (2020). Book Title. Publisher.
B. Book Title. (Smith, J., 2020). Publisher.
C. Smith, J. (2020). Publisher. Book Title.
D. Book Title. (2020). Smith, J. Publisher.
19. Which of the following is the correct APA end-text citation format for a webpage without an
author?
A. Webpage Title. (2021). Website Name. Retrieved from URL
B. Website Name. (Webpage Title, 2021). Retrieved from URL
C. (Webpage Title, 2021, Website Name)
D. (Website Name, 2021). Webpage Title. Retrieved from URL
20. What is the correct APA end-text citation format for an online report with a corporate
author?
A. Organization Name. (2022). Report Title. Retrieved from URL
B. Report Title. (2022, Organization Name). Retrieved from URL
C. (2022, Organization Name, Report Title)
D. (Report Title, 2022). Organization Name. Retrieved from URL
 Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
School of Management Sciences
Expository Writing and Critical Thinking – HM 102
Final
Summer, 2023

NAME REG
FACULTY DATE
Q.2 Write down a research abstract in a structured and organized manner, by following the
IMRAD format. Students can extract the IMRAD structure abstract by summarizing the key
aspects presented in all the sections of the study. Attempt any one of the following. (10 Marks)
Scenario 1: The Impact of Online Learning on Student Performance during a Pandemic
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced educational institutions worldwide to transition
to online learning. This study aims to investigate the impact of online learning on student
performance and academic outcomes during the pandemic. The research examines the
challenges students faced in adapting to online education, the effectiveness of different online
teaching methods, and the role of technology in facilitating the learning process.
Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized to gather data for this study. Surveys were
distributed to a diverse sample of students, including different age groups and academic levels,
to understand their experiences and perceptions of online learning. Additionally, academic
records were analyzed to compare student performance before and during the pandemic. Focus
group discussions were conducted with educators to gain insights into their strategies for
effective online teaching.
Results: The study findings revealed both positive and negative impacts of online learning
during the pandemic. While some students reported greater flexibility and improved time
management skills, others faced challenges related to access to technology and internet
connectivity. Academic performance varied, with some students excelling in the online format,
while others struggled with engagement and motivation. The analysis of educators'
experiences highlighted the importance of interactive online tools and personalized feedback
to enhance student learning outcomes.
Discussion and Conclusion: The study underscores the significance of addressing the
disparities in access to technology and the need for targeted support for students facing
challenges in the online learning environment. While online learning offers opportunities for
flexibility and innovation, it also requires continuous improvement in pedagogical approaches
and technical support. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating technology
effectively to enhance student engagement and academic performance during online learning.
These insights can inform educational policies and practices in preparing for future disruptions
and improving the overall quality of online education.
Scenario 2: Plastic Pollution in [Coastal Region]: Assessing its Impact on Marine Ecosystems
and Exploring Sustainable Solutions
Introduction: Plastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern, particularly in
coastal regions, where marine ecosystems are highly vulnerable. This study focuses on
[Coastal Region], which has been identified as one of the hotspots for plastic waste
accumulation. The research aims to understand the extent of plastic pollution in the region, its
potential impacts on marine life and ecosystem health, and the urgency to implement
sustainable measures for plastic waste management.
Methods: The study employed a combination of field surveys, data analysis, and interviews
with local stakeholders. Firstly, shoreline surveys were conducted at multiple sites in [Coastal
Region] to quantify the abundance and types of plastic debris present. Additionally, water
samples were collected to assess microplastic concentrations. Secondly, marine biodiversity
data were collected through underwater surveys and fishing activities to understand the
potential effects of plastic pollution on marine life. Finally, interviews were conducted with
local residents, fishermen, and government authorities to gather insights into current waste
management practices and community perceptions.
Results: The study's findings indicated alarming levels of plastic pollution in [Coastal Region].
The shoreline surveys revealed a significant amount of plastic debris, including single-use
plastics and fishing gear. Microplastics were also prevalent in the water samples, raising
concerns about their potential impact on marine organisms. The analysis of biodiversity data
showed signs of disturbance and alteration in the marine ecosystem due to plastic pollution.
Interviews highlighted the challenges faced by local communities in waste management and
the need for improved policies and awareness campaigns.
Discussion: The research findings emphasize the urgent need to address plastic pollution in
[Coastal Region]. The high levels of plastic waste pose a serious threat to marine biodiversity,
leading to entanglement, ingestion, and disruptions in the food chain. The study underscores
the importance of implementing sustainable waste management strategies, including recycling,
waste reduction, and the promotion of biodegradable alternatives. Collaborative efforts
between the government, local communities, and relevant stakeholders are crucial to
effectively combat plastic pollution and preserve the marine ecosystems in [Coastal Region].
In conclusion, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on plastic
pollution's impact on marine ecosystems, specifically in [Coastal Region]. By following the
IMRAD structure, the study presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the problem,
the methods used, key findings, and potential solutions. The study's outcomes call for
immediate action to protect the coastal environment and marine biodiversity, highlighting the
 significance of sustainable practices in mitigating plastic pollution's detrimental effects.

Q.3 You are provided with data on a scenario extract an executive summary from the below data.
Note that the executive summary should follow a proper structure. (10 Marks)

Title: The Impact of Mindfulness Meditation on Stress Reduction in Working Professionals

This study involved working professionals from various industries who participated in
mindfulness meditation sessions for a period of eight weeks. Data on stress levels, anxiety, and
well-being were collected through pre and post-intervention surveys, as well as physiological
measures such as heart rate variability and cortisol levels.
The research yielded promising results, indicating a substantial reduction in stress levels and
anxiety among the participants after the eight-week mindfulness meditation intervention. Self-
reported stress scores decreased by an average of 25%, while anxiety levels decreased by 20%.
The physiological measures also demonstrated a significant increase in heart rate variability
and a decrease in cortisol levels, indicating a more relaxed physiological state.
This research holds significant benefits for both individuals and organizations. Firstly, the
study highlights the potential of mindfulness meditation as an effective stress reduction tool
for working professionals. Employers and human resource departments can consider
incorporating mindfulness programs into workplace wellness initiatives to improve employees'
mental well-being and overall job satisfaction.
Moreover, the research findings can also inform the development of stress management
programs for individuals outside the workplace. Mental health practitioners can utilize these
results to design targeted mindfulness-based interventions for individuals dealing with high
levels of stress and anxiety.
In conclusion, this research on the impact of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction among
working professionals emphasizes the positive outcomes of incorporating mindfulness
practices in both workplace and personal settings. The executive summary effectively captures
the key findings, benefits, and proposed actions, underlining the significance of mindfulness
meditation as a valuable tool for promoting mental well-being and reducing stress in the
modern working environment.
 NAME REG
FACULTY DATE
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________