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BATTERY
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BATTERY USAGE
• Children's toys voltage source. •
Motorbike/car engine starter •
Backup voltage source for
computers and control equipment.
• Voltage source for
telecommunications equipment.

• Voltage source for emergency lighting

installations.
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UNDERSTANDING
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UNDERSTANDING

Batteries or cell is a source

direct voltage (DC) which
contain chemical compounds
which when reacted gives rise to
electrical power/energy
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Various Batteries
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VARIOUS
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VARIOUS
• Primary batteries are a type of battery that can
produce electrical energy, but cannot be
recharged.
Example: Battery stone, salt-water
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VARIOUS
• Secondary batteries are a type of battery
that can produce electrical energy and can
be recharged by providing current in the
opposite direction when the battery
produces electrical energy.
• Example: Battery, Ni-Cd and Li-Ion Battery
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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION
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DRY-CELL (BATTERY)
• 1. Brass cap,
• 2. Plastic seal,
• 3. Expansion space,
• 4. Porous cardboard,
• 5. Zinc can,
• 6. Carbon rod,
• 7. Chemical mixture
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AKI (Lead Acid)

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BATTERY
LITHIUM
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CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN BATTERIES

• Battery is used
(Discharging)
At the Anode PbO2 ÿ PbSO4:

At the Pb ÿ PbSO4 Cathode:

The H2SO4
solution becomes more dilute
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CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN BATTERIES

• The battery is charged

(Charging)

At the Anode:
PbSO4 ÿ PbO2

At Cathode:

PbSO4 ÿ Pb
The H2SO4 solution

becomes more concentrated

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Detecting Battery Charging

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Lithium Battery Construction

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Reactions that occur in Lithum Batteries

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BATTERY CAPACITY
• Battery capacity is the battery's ability to
store electrical energy when connected
to a DC voltage source, which can then be
supplied to the load until it reaches the
final voltage. (units of ampere x hour or
Ah) • Battery
specifications : 12 V 5 Ah, meaning that the
battery, once fully charged, is capable of
supplying electrical energy to the load with
a voltage of 12 volts and a constant current of 5 A f
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Battery capacity
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Development of battery technology:

Battery, NiCad, NiMh, Li-Ion, Li-Po
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Development of Primary Battery Technology

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Development of Battery Technology

Primary (continued)
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Development of Secondary Battery Technology

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Development of Battery Technology

Secondary (continued)
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Development of Battery Technology

Secondary (continued)
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Advantages of Li-Po
batteries •
Light weight • Thin and flexible shape so it can be
shaped according to
gadget needs • Longer lasting than Li-ion because the
self- discharge rate is
very low • Safer because the risk of electrolyte leakage is very
low

Disadvantages of Li-Po
batteries •
Expensive price • Difficult
to find on the market • Low
energy capacity • Difficult maintenance, because most
batteries of this type cannot be removed so they
require special tools or technicians to open them.
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Homemade cells
Almost any liquid or moist object that has enough ions to be
electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte for a cell.
As a novelty or science demonstration, it is possible to insert
two electrodes made of different metals into a lemon, [78]
potato, [79] etc. and generate small amounts of electricity.
"Two-potato clocks" are also widely available in hobby and toy
stores; they consist of a pair of cells, each consisting of a
potato (lemon, et cetera) with two electrodes inserted into it,
wired in series to form a battery with enough voltage to
power a digital clock.[80] Homemade cells of this kind are of no
real practical use, because they produce far less current—and
cost far more per unit of energy generated—than commercial
cells, due to the need for frequent replacement of the fruit or
vegetable. In addition, one can make a voltaic pile from two
coins (such as a nickel and a penny) and a piece of paper
towel dipped in salt water. Such a pile would
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Thank You