GNAV All

1. Of the following, which is the highest latitude at which the Sun will both rise
and set every day?
A) 64°
B) 66.5°
C) 62°
D) 68°

2. In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the
apparent Sun and mean Sun across the Greenwich meridian the greatest?
A) April and August
B) February and November
C) March and September
D) June and December

3. “Assuming mid&latitudes &40° to 50°N/S&.At which time of year is the

relationship between the length of day and night, as well as the rate of change
of declination of the sun, changing at the greatest rate?”
A) Winter solstice and autumn equinox
B) Spring equinox and autumn equinox
C) Summer solstice and spring equinox
D) summer solstice and winter solstice

4. At what approximate date is the Earth closest to the Sun &perihelion&?

A) End of March
B) Beginning of January
C) Beginning of July
D) End of June

5. At what approximate date is the Earth furthest from the Sun &aphelion&?
A) End of September
B) Beginning of July
C) End of December
D) Beginning of January

6. “In which statement is the “”Mean Sun”” best described?”

A) The mean sun is a fictitious sun travelling along the ecliptic at uniform speed.
B) The mean sun is a fictitious sun travelling along the celestial equator at uniform speed.
C) The mean sun is a fictitious sun, the orbit of which coincides with that of the apparent
sun, but is corrected for the mean difference in hour angle.
D) The mean sun is a fictitious sun, the orbit of which coincides with that of the apparent
sun, but is corrected for mean astronomical and atmospheric refraction.
7. Seasons are due to the…
A) Earth’s rotation on its polar axis.
B) variable distance between the Earth and the Sun.
C) Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun.
D) inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane.

8. The declination of the Sun is defined as the…

A) arc of the meridian of the Sun measured from the nearest pole to the Sun.
B) angular distance of the Sun north or south of the celestial equator.
C) arc along the celestial sphere from the zenith to the Sun.
D) arc from the celestial horizon to the Sun measured along a vertical line perpendicular on
the horizon.

9. The time interval between sunrise and sunset is dependent on the…

A) inclination of the axis of the Earth and the longitude of the observer.
B) latitude and the longitude of the observer.
C) declination of the Sun and the latitude of the observer.
D) date and the longitude of the observer.

10. “The term “”Ecliptic”” means the…”

A) apparent yearly path of the Sun around the Earth.
B) apparent yearly path of the Earth around the Sun.
C) great circle on the sphere which intersects the Earth’s axis at an angle of 66.5°.
D) great circle on the sphere which is perpendicular to the Earth’s axis.

11. The tropic of Capricorn is situated at…

A) 66?°N.
B) 66?°S.
C) 23?°S.
D) 23?°N.

12. The tropic of Cancer is situated at…

A) 23?°S.
B) 23?°N.
C) 66?°S.
D) 66?°N.

13. The polar circles are situated at…

A) 80°N and S.
B) 70°N and S.
C) 66.5°N and S.
D) 23.5°N and S.

14. The main reason for the Earth’s seasons is the…

A) inclination of the Earth’s polar axis to the plane of the ecliptic.
B) distance between the Sun and the Earth.
C) elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
D) length of the day, as stated by Kepler’s second law.

15. Which statement regarding the apparent Sun and the mean Sun is correct?
A) The apparent Sun is not important for navigation as there is only a maximum time
difference of 4 seconds compared to the mean Sun.
B) The mean Sun moves along the ecliptic, the apparent Sun moves along the celestial
equator.
C) The apparent Sun is the visible Sun, and the mean sun does not exist.
D) The apparent Sun is a fictitious Sun coupled to UTC, the mean Sun is related to local
mean time.

16. The orbit of the Earth…

A) around the Sun is a circle with the Sun at its centre.
B) around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.
C) around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at a point halfway between the two foci.
D) is a circle with the Sun at a point next to its centre.

17. Which statement is correct?

A) The Earth is one of the planets that is moving in an elliptical orbit around the Sun.
B) The solar system consists of the Sun, planets, and stars.
C) The Sun moves in an elliptical orbit around the Earth.
D) The planets move around the Sun, like all stars of the Solar System.

18. The first law of Kepler states that…

A) all planets orbit around the Sun at the same speed.
B) planets move in elliptic orbits with the Sun at one of the foci.
C) planets move around the Sun in a circular orbit.
D) the angular speed of the Earth in the orbit around the Sun is constant.

19. The angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of the equator is
approximately…
A) 25.3°.
B) 23.5°.
C) 66.5°.
D) 27.5°.

20. What is the highest latitude, of the values listed below, at which the Sun
will reach an altitude of 90° above the horizon at some time during the year?
A) 23.5°
B) 66°
C) 0°
D) 45°

21. Kepler’s second law states that the…

A) radius vector Sun&Earth sweeps out equal areas in equal time.
B) length of the radius vector Sun&Earth is directly proportional to the square root of its
angular speed.
C) radius vector Sun&Earth moves at constant angular speed.
D) area swept out by the radius vector Sun&Earth per hour increases with increasing length
of the radius vector.

22. “””Aphelion”” is the point of the…”

A) Earth’s orbit furthest away from the Sun.
B) Sun’s orbit furthest away from the Earth.
C) Sun’s orbit closest to the Earth.
D) Earth’s orbit closest to the Sun.

23. “What is meant by the term “”polar circle””?”

A) The parallel at the lowest latitude at which an observer can see the Sun for 24 hours
above the horizon.
B) The parallel limiting the area in which the Aurora Borealis &polar lights& can be observed.
C) The parallel determining the area in which the polar track system has to be complied with.
D) The parallel at the lowest latitude at which a magnetic compass can be used

24. Summer and winter solstice are the moments at which the Sun reaches…
A) its highest/lowest declination.
B) a declination of 0°.
C) a declination of 66.5°.
D) its furthest distance from the earth

25. The time of sunrise and sunset expressed in LMT varies with the
observer’s latitude and…
A) the time of year because of the Earth axis’ inclination with respect to the plane of its orbit.
B) longitude because of the Earth axis’ inclination with respect to the plane of its orbit.
C) the time of year because of the Earth axis’ perpendicularity with respect to the plane of its
orbit.
D) longitude because of the Earth axis’ perpendicularity with respect to the plane of its orbit.

26. Spring and autumn equinox are the moments at which the Sun reaches…
A) a declination of 0°.
B) its highest declination.
C) a declination of 66.5°.
D) a declination of 23.5°.

27. The orbital speed of the Earth is at its highest when the…
A) Earth is at the first point of Aries.
B) Earth is at the aphelion.
C) autumn equinox starts.
D) Earth is at the perihelion.

28. “An observer is situated on the parallel of 23.5°S.Which statement about

the passage of the apparent Sun in relation to this position is correct?It
passes through the zenith…”
A) twice a year around March 21st and September 23rd.
B) twice a year around June 21st and December 22nd.
C) once a year around March 21st.
D) once a year around December 22nd.

29. “The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are 48°50’N,
002°16.5’E.What are the coordinates of the position on the direct opposite side
of the Earth?”
A) 41°10’S, 177°43.5’E
B) 41°10’S, 177°43.5’W
C) 48°50’S, 177°43.5’E
D) 48°50’S, 177°43.5’W

30. “A great circle intersects the Equator in 030°W with a great circle direction
of 035°&T&.An aircraft tracking the great circle will reach the maximum
Northern/Southern latitude at position…”
A) 35°S, 120°W.
B) 35°N, 120°W.
C) 55°S, 060°E.
D) 55°N, 060°E.

31. “Given the following information, what is the semi&minor axis &km& of the
Earth at the axis of the poles?The value for the flattening of the Earth is
1/298.Earth’s semi&major axis, as measured at the equator, equals 6378.4 km.”
A) 6357.0
B) 6367.0
C) 6399.9
D) 6378.4

32. The diameter of the Earth is approximately…

A) 6350 km.
B) 18500 km.
C) 12700 km.
D) 40000 km.

33. The circumference of the Earth is approximately…

A) 5400 NM.
B) 21600 NM.
C) 10800 NM.
D) 43200 NM.

34. “Given the following information, what is the position of the other vertex of
the great circle between A and B?Point A: 50°N, 070°WPoint B: 50°N,
080°WPosition of one of the vertices of the great circle between A and B:
50°06.4’N, 075°00.0’W”
A) 50°06.4’S, 105°00.0’E
B) 00°00.0’N, 105°00.0’E
C) 50°06.4’S, 075°00.0’W
D) 00°00.0’N, 075°00.0’W

35. Parallels of latitude are special cases of rhumb lines because of which
property?
A) The centre of the parallels is situated on the Earth’s axis.
B) They intersect all meridians at the same angle of 90°.
C) The radius of the parallels is always less than the Earth’s radius.
D) The parallels run from the North pole to the South pole.

36. Which statement is true about small circles?

A) The centre of each small circle is situated on the Earth’s axis.
B) All rhumb lines are special cases of small circles.
C) The largest small circle possible has a radius which equals the Earth’s radius.
D) The centre of a small circle does not coincide with the centre of the Earth.

37. “Which statement about the vertex of a great circle is always true?In the
vertex the True Track…”
A) reaches its minimum value.
B) is 090° or 270°.
C) is equal to &TT departure + TT arrival& / 2.
D) reaches its maximum value.

38. “Which statement about the vertex of a great circle is true?In the vertex
the…”
A) great circle reaches its highest longitude.
B) True Track reaches its maximum value.
C) True Track reaches its minimum value.
D) great circle reaches its highest latitude.

39. The departure between position A &56°S, 010°W& and position B &56°S
030°W& is…
A) more than the great circle distance between A and B.
B) equal to the great circle distance between A and B.
C) equal to or more than the great circle distance between A and B.
D) less than the great circle distance between A and B.

40. “An aircraft is flying directly from A &30°S, 060°W& to B &25°S, 020°W&. At
a certain moment in time the true track of the aircraft is 091°. The aircraft is on
track and the track angle error is 0°.Which statement about this situation is
correct?”
A) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and has not yet passed the vertex
of this great circle.
B) The aircraft is flying along the rhumb line from A to B and the true track angle of the
rhumb line is 091°.
C) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and has already passed the vertex
of this great circle.
D) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and will not pass the vertex of this
great circle as it is not situated on the leg A to B.

41. “An aircraft is flying directly from A &55°N, 005°E& to B &45°N, 055°W&. At
a certain moment in time the true track of the aircraft is 275°. The aircraft is on
track and the track angle error is 0°.Which statement about this situation is
correct?”
A) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and has not yet passed the vertex
of this great circle.
B) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and will not pass the vertex of this
great circle as it is not situated on the leg A to B.
C) The aircraft is flying along the rhumb line from A to B and the true track angle of the
rhumb line is 275°.
D) The aircraft is flying along the great circle from A to B and has already passed the vertex
of this great circle.

42. A good approximation of the shape of the Earth is…

A) a standard sphere.
B) a plane.
C) a true sphere.
D) an ellipsoid.

43. The distance of one degree of latitude near the Equator on the Earth’s
ellipsoid is…
A) more than 60 NM but less than 61 NM.
B) more than 60 NM.
C) 60 NM.
D) less than 60 NM.

44. The Equator is a…

A) small circle with its plane perpendicular to the Earth’s rotational axis.
B) great circle with its plane perpendicular to the Earth’s rotational axis.
C) small circle with its plane parallel to the Earth’s rotational axis.
D) great circle with its plane parallel to the Earth’s rotational axis.

45. On an oblate spheroid representing the Earth’s shape 1 minute of arc along
the…
A) meridian at low latitudes measures a greater distance than 1 minute of arc along the
meridian at high latitudes.
B) Equator measures a greater distance than 1 minute of arc along the meridian at a latitude
of 45°N/S.
C) meridian at 0°N/S measures the same distance as 1 minute of arc at 90°N/S.
D) Equator measures the same distance as 1 minute of arc along the meridian at a latitude
of 45°N/S.

46. Which statement about the distances between the positions 00?N/S, 000?
E/W and 00?N/S, 180?E/W on the Earth’s ellipsoid is correct?
A) The route via the North Pole is shorter than the route along the Equator.
B) The route via either pole and the route via the Equator are of equal length.
C) The route via the Equator is shorter than the route via the South Pole.
D) The route via the South Pole is shorter than the route via the North Pole.

47. “An aircraft passes position A &60°00’N, 120°00’W& on route to position B

&60°00’N, 140°30’W&.What is the great circle track on departure from A?”
A) 288° &T&
B) 270° &T&
C) 261° &T&
D) 279° &T&

48. The great circle bearing from A &70°S, 030°W& to B &70°S, 060°E& is
approximately…
A) 048° &T&.
B) 090° &T&.
C) 312° &T&.
D) 132° &T&.

49. A pilot is flying from A &45°00’N, 010°00’W& to B &45°00’N, 019°00’W&.

What is the initial great circle track?
A) 273° &T&
B) 090° &T&
C) 270° &T&
D) 093° &T&

50. “Given the following information, what is the true course of the rhumb line
at point A?A: 55°N, 000°B: 54°N, 010°EAverage true course of the great circle:
100°.”
A) 104°
B) 096°
C) 100°
D) 107°

51. When flying on a westerly great circle track in the southern hemisphere,
the…
A) true track will increase.
B) true track will decrease.
C) track will spiral and finally end up at the South Pole.
D) rhumb line track between the departure point and the destination will always be on the
left.

52. “A great circle track joins position A &59°S 141°W& and B &61°S
148°W&.How does the true track change when flying from position A to
position B?”
A) It decreases by 6°
B) It increases by 6°
C) It increases by 3°
D) It decreases by 3°

53. “Position A = &56°00.0’S, 163°57.2’E&Position B = &56°00.0’S,

171°47.4’W&For the route from A to B the…”
A) great circle direction at B is 100°&T&.
B) great circle direction at B is 080°&T&.
C) rhumb line distance is 1440 NM.
D) rhumb line distance is 1196 NM.

54. The great circle bearing of position B from position A in the Northern
Hemisphere is 040°. If the Conversion Angle is 4°, what is the great circle
bearing of A from B?
A) 224°
B) 228°
C) 220°
D) 212°

55. How does the convergency of any two meridians on the Earth change with
varying latitude?
A) It changes as cosine of latitude.
B) It increases with decrease of latitude.
C) It changes as sine of latitude.
D) It is of constant value and does not change with latitude.

56. “In the Northern Hemisphere the rhumb line track from position A to B is
230°, the convergency is 6° and the difference in longitude is 10°.What is the
initial rhumb line track from B to A?”
A) 053°
B) 050°
C) 047°
D) 056°

57. “Given the following information, what is the approximate position of B?

Position A: 31?00’S, 176?17’WRhumb line track from A to B: 270?&T&Initial
great circle track from A to B: 266.2?&T&”
A) 31?00’S, 173?24’W
B) 31?00’S, 173?24’E
C) 31?00’S, 168?58’E
D) 31?00’S, 161?32’W

58. While flying in an easterly or westerly direction, when would the average
great circle true track be approximately equal to the rhumb line true track
between two points?
A) For short distances outside of polar regions.
B) For long distances outside of polar regions.
C) For short distances outside of equatorial regions.
D) For long distances outside of equatorial regions.
59. The difference between the initial true track of the great circle on the
surface of the Earth joining two positions A and B &of unequal northern
latitude and eastern longitude& and the true track of arrival at B is equal to…
A) half of the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.
B) half of the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.
C) the conversion angle of the meridians at A and B.
D) the earth convergency of the meridians at A and B.

60. “What is the formula used to calculate convergency between two positions
relatively close to each other?Convergency = Difference in…”
A) latitude x sin &mean longitude&
B) longitude x sin &mean latitude&
C) latitude x cos &mean longitude&
D) longitude x cos &mean latitude&

61. “Which formula is used to calculate the convergency between two

positions relatively close to each other?Convergency = Difference in longitude
in…”
A) degrees x sin &mean latitude&.
B) minutes x cos &mean latitude&.
C) degrees x cos &mean latitude&.
D) minutes x sin &mean latitude&.

62. “A pilot is flying from A &60°S, 165°W& to B &60°S, 177°E&.What is the

angle between the initial true great circle track and the true rhumb line track?”
A) 15.6°
B) 5.2°
C) 9°
D) 7.8°

63. “An aeroplane flies from A &59°S 142°W& to B &61°S 148°W& with a TAS of
480 kt.The autopilot is engaged and coupled with an Inertial Navigation System
in which AB track is active.On route AB, the true track…”
A) increases by 5°.
B) decreases by 6°.
C) varies by 4°.
D) varies by 10°.

64. “The initial great circle track from A to B is 080° and the rhumb line track is
083°.What is the initial great circle track from B to A and in which hemisphere
are the two positions located?”
A) 266° and in the northern hemisphere.
B) 260° and in the northern hemisphere.
C) 266° and in the southern hemisphere.
D) 260° and in the southern hemisphere.
65. An aircraft follows a great circle in the Northern Hemisphere. As the aircraft
continues beyond the point where the track is 270°&T&, the great circle track
angle will…
A) increase and the latitude will increase.
B) decrease and the latitude will increase.
C) increase and the latitude will decrease.
D) decrease and the latitude will decrease.

66. “What is the latitude change from A &50°50’47?”N, 004°21’09?”E& to B

&34°24’36?”N, 004°21’09?”E&?”
A) “16°26’11?”S”
B) “85°15’23?”N”
C) “16°26’11?”N”
D) “85°15’23?”S”

67. The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs
at about…
A) 90° north and south.
B) 60° north and south.
C) 0° north and south &equator&.
D) 45° north and south.

68. What is the shortest distance on the surface of the earth between 53°30’N,
001°30’W and 27°35’S, 001°30’W?
A) 1555 NM
B) 5383 sm
C) 9010 km
D) 4685 NM

69. “&For this question use Annex 061&600200&Which figure in the diagram
represents the geocentric latitude of position P, which is situated above the
surface of the ellipsoid?”
A) Figure D
B) Figure B
C) Figure A
D) Figure C

70. “&For this question use Annex 061&600199&Which figure in the diagram
represents the geographic latitude of position P, which is situated above the
surface of the ellipsoid?”
A) Figure B
B) Figure A
C) Figure D
D) Figure C

71. Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude coincide…

A) only on the equator.
B) at the Poles and on the Equator.
C) only at the Poles.
D) at 45?N/S.

72. “What is the correct definition of the geocentric latitude of a position on

the Earth?Geocentric latitude is the angle between the…”
A) plane of the Prime Meridian and the plane of the meridian of the position.
B) plane of the Equator and the line from the centre of the Earth to the position.
C) plane of the ecliptic and the parallel of the position.
D) Earth’s rotational axis and the line from the centre of the Earth to the position.

73. The distance along a meridian between 63°55’N and 13°47’S is…
A) 4662 NM.
B) 5008 NM.
C) 3008 NM.
D) 7702 NM.

74. “Which definition describes best the notion “”Poles””?”

A) The poles are the points on the surface of the earth where gravity acts under an angle of
exactly 90?.
B) The Poles are the points of intersection between the surface of the earth and the
extended line joining the star Polaris with the centre of the earth.
C) The Poles are the points on the surface of the earth which have the same distance to all
points of the ecliptic.
D) The Poles are the points of intersection between the earth’s axis and the surface of the
earth.

75. A rhumb line is…

A) a line on the surface of the Earth cutting all meridians at the same angle.
B) a line convex to the nearest pole on a Mercator projection.
C) any straight line on a Lambert projection.
D) the shortest distance between two points on a polar&stereographic projection.

76. “An aircraft is following the 45°N parallel of latitude.The track followed is
a:”
A) constant&heading track
B) great circle
C) rhumb line
D) constant&drift track

77. In order to fly from position A &10°00’N, 030°00’W& to position B &30°00’N,

050°00’W&, maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly…
A) the constant average drift route.
B) a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart.
C) the great circle route.
D) a rhumb line track.
78. A semi great circle on the Earth running from the North Pole to the South
Pole is called a…
A) meridian.
B) longitude.
C) difference of longitude.
D) parallel of latitude.

79. Where on the surface of the Earth do rhumb line tracks and great circle
tracks coincide?
A) On high latitude tracks directly east to west.
B) On east to west tracks in polar areas.
C) On tracks directly north to south and on east to west tracks along the Equator.
D) On east to west tracks in the northern hemisphere north of the Magnetic Equator.

80. How many small circles can be drawn between any two points on a
sphere?
A) None.
B) One.
C) An unlimited number.
D) Two.

81. If you are flying along a parallel of latitude, you are flying…
A) a great circle track.
B) on a track which is constantly changing direction.
C) a rhumb line track.
D) on a north & south track.

82. If an aircraft follows a rhumb line track of 085°&T& from the position 86°N,
020°E, it will…
A) follow a small circle track north of the 86°?N parallel.
B) fly an undetermined track to the north.
C) follow a line which lies at first to the north of the 86°N parallel until reaching a point where
the longitude has changed by 180°, when it will turn to the south.
D) fly a spiral track to the North Pole.

83. “Given:A &56°N, 145°E&B &57°N, 165°W&What is the difference in

longitude between A and B?”
A) 020°
B) 130°
C) 001°
D) 050°

84. Which statement about meridians is correct?

A) The plane of a meridian is parallel to the Equator.
B) A meridian and its anti&meridian form a complete great circle.
C) All meridians are parallel to the Greenwich Meridian.
D) A meridian is a complete great circle of 360°.
85. What is the time required to travel along the parallel of latitude 60°N
between meridians 010°E and 030°W at a groundspeed of 480 kt?
A) 1 hour 45 minutes
B) 5 hours 00 minutes
C) 1 hour 15 minutes
D) 2 hours 30 minutes

86. “An aircraft departs from position A &04°10’S, 178°22’W& and flies
northward following the meridian for 2950 NM. It then flies westward along the
parallel of latitude for 382 NM to position B.What are the coordinates of
position B?”
A) 45°00’N, 172°38’E
B) 53°20’N, 172°38’E
C) 53°20’N, 169°22’W
D) 45°00’N, 169°22’W

87. “Given:Position A 45°N, ?°EPosition B 45°N, 45°15’EDistance between A

and B: 280 NMB is to the east of AWhat is the longitude of position A?”
A) 38°39’E
B) 51°51’E
C) 40°33’E
D) 49°57’E

88. An aeroplane is circling the Earth following parallel of latitude 60°N at a

ground speed of 480 kt. To circle the Earth along the equator in the same
amount of time, it should fly at a ground speed of…
A) 960 kt.
B) 480 kt.
C) 550 kt.
D) 240 kt.

89. What is the longitude of a position 6 NM due east of 58°42’N, 094°00’W?

A) 093°54.0’W
B) 094°12.0’W
C) 093°53.1’W
D) 093°48.5’W

90. “An aircraft departs a point 04°00’N, 030°00’W and flies 600 NM south,
followed by 600 NM east, then 600 NM north, then 600 NM west.What is its final
position?”
A) 04°00’N, 029°58’W
B) 04°00’N, 030°02’W
C) 04°00’N, 030°00’W
D) 03°58’N, 030°02’W
91. “An aircraft departs a point 60°00’N, 030°00’W and flies 3600 NM south,
followed by 3600 NM east, then 3600 NM north, then 3600 NM west.What is the
final position of the aircraft?”
A) 59°00’N, 090°00’W
B) 60°00’N, 030°00’E
C) 60°00’N, 090°00’W
D) 59°00’N, 060°00’W

92. The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°N is approximately…

A) 34641 NM.
B) 10800 NM.
C) 18706 NM.
D) 20000 NM.

93. What will the new longitude be if an aircraft tracks 090°&T& for 315 km
from position 60°N, 005°W?
A) 005°15’E
B) 000°40’E
C) 002°10’W
D) 000°15’E

94. “The departure between positions A &60°N, 160°E& and B &60°N& is 900
NM.If B is to the east of A, what is the longitude of B?”
A) 145°E
B) 175°E
C) 140°W
D) 170°W

95. What will the new latitude be if an aircraft tracks 180°&T& for 685 km from
02°20’N?
A) 04°10’S
B) 03°50’S
C) 09°05’S
D) 04°30’S

96. “An aircraft at latitude 10° South flies north at a GS of 890 km/h.What will
its latitude be after 1.5 hours?”
A) 22°00’N
B) 03°50’N
C) 12°15’N
D) 02°00’N

97. “An aircraft at latitude 10° North flies south at a groundspeed of 445
km/h.What will be its latitude after 3 hours?”
A) 12°15’S
B) 03°50’S
C) 22°00’S
D) 02°00’S

98. “Ona Mercator chart, the distance between positions A and B, located on
the same parallel and 10° longitude apart, is 6 cm. The scale at the parallel is 1:
9 260 000.What is the latitude of A and B?”
A) 45° N or S
B) 30° N or S
C) 0°
D) 60° N or S

99. What is the rhumb line distance between two positions separated by 10° of
longitude that are on latitude 60°N?
A) 866 NM
B) 520 NM
C) 600 NM
D) 300 NM

100. What is the earth distance of one degree of longitude at latitude 60°
South?
A) 90 NM
B) 52 NM
C) 60 NM
D) 30 NM

101. Two places on the parallel of 47°S lie 757.8 km apart. Calculate the
difference in longitude.
A) 9°19'
B) 10°00'
C) 4°51'
D) 4°39'

102. The great circle distance between position A &59°34.1’N, 008°08.4’E& and
B &30°25.9’N, 171°51.6’W& is…
A) 2700 NM
B) 10800 NM
C) 10800 km
D) 5400 NM

103. What is the great circle distance between A &85°N, 172°W& and B &85°N,
008°E&?
A) 470.5 NM
B) 300 NM
C) 941 NM
D) 600 NM

104. Calculate the approximate distance from waypoint DBU &53°29.0’N,

000°28.6' W& to a waypoint 20 NM north of Bremen airport. The coordinates of
Bremen airport are 53°09.0’N, 008°45.0’E.
A) 496.4 NM
B) 553.6 NM
C) 329.4 NM
D) 295.4 NM

105. Calculate the approximate distance from Dublin &53°29.0' N, 006°15.3' W&
to a position 20 NM North of Bremen airport. The coordinates of Bremen
airport are 53°09.0’N, 008°45.0’E.
A) 535.7 NM
B) 89.2 NM
C) 723.7 NM
D) 900.3 NM

106. What is the cause of the continuous variation in the length of the apparent
solar day throughout the year?
A) The fact that the Earth is closest to the Sun around the 1st of January.
B) The tilt of the Earth’s axis and the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
C) The fact that the Earth is closest to the Sun around the 1st of July.
D) The equation of time.

107. On a given date, when proceeding along a parallel towards the east,
sunrise will occur one hour earlier with every 15° change of longitude when it
is expressed in…
A) Standard Time.
B) UTC.
C) Local Apparent Time.
D) LMT.

108. The reason that the solar day lasts longer than the sidereal day is that…
A) the orbital track of the Earth around the Sun is an ellipse.
B) the orbital speed of the Earth around its axis diminishes slowly.
C) the Sun has an own movement through the universe opposite to the movement of the
Earth due to the gravitational forces of celestial bodies.
D) both the direction of rotation of the Earth around its axis and its orbital rotation around the
Sun are the same.

109. The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different
duration, is due to the..
A) inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator.
B) gravitational effect of the Sun and Moon on the speed of rotation of the Earth.
C) Earth’s rotation.
D) relative speed of the Sun along the ecliptic.

110. How many degrees has the mean Sun moved along the celestial Equator
in 8 hours and 8 minutes?
A) 18°
B) 122°
C) 56°
D) 148°

111. Which statement is correct about the apparent solar day?

A) The apparent solar day is the period between two successive transits of the true Sun
through the same meridian.
B) The duration of the apparent solar day is constant throughout a year due to the constant
velocity of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
C) The apparent solar day is the period between two successive transits of the mean Sun
through the same meridian.
D) The duration of the apparent solar day is constant throughout a year due to the constant
rotational speed of the Earth around its axis.

112. The sidereal day is…

A) shorter in winter than in summer.
B) of constant duration.
C) introduced because of GPS.
D) a means to find apparent time by applying the equation of time.

113. Calculate the difference in LMT between Dublin &53°29' N, 006°15' W& and
Bremen airport &53°09’N, 008°45’E&.
A) 02h 00m
B) 00h 10m
C) 01h 00m
D) 00h 00m

114. “Sunrise in Dublin &53°29’N, 006°15’W& is 06:23 LMT.Calculate the

sunrise at Bremen airport &53°29’N, 008°45’E& in LMT.”
A) 06:33
B) 06:23
C) 05:23
D) 07:23

115. What is the Coordinated Universal Time &UTC& at 45°15’N, 075°30’E, if the
Local Mean Time &LMT& is 07:40?
A) 12:40
B) 02:40
C) 12:42
D) 02:38

116. The Local Mean Time at longitude 085°20’E, at 00:00 UTC, is…
A) 17:39 previous day.
B) 17:39 same day.
C) 05:41 same day.
D) 05:41 previous day.
117. What is the local mean time, position 65°15’N, 161°15’W, at 19:00 UTC?
A) 08:15
B) 13:45
C) 03:15
D) 14:39

118. 5 hours 20 minutes 20 seconds corresponds to a longitude difference of…

A) 75°00'.
B) 80°05'.
C) 78°45'.
D) 81°10'.

119. What is the Local Mean Time &LMT& at 35°25’S, 110°45’W if the
Coordinated Universal Time &UTC& is 18:34 on September 4th?
A) 11:11 on September 4th
B) 01:57 on September 5th
C) 11:34 on September 4th
D) 01:34 on September 5th

120. When the time is 20:00 UTC, it is…

A) 14:00 LMT at 90° west.
B) 12:00 LMT at 60° east.
C) 24:00 LMT at 120° west.
D) 08:00 LMT at the prime meridian.

121. When the time is 14:00 LMT at 90° west, it is…

A) 10:00 LMT at 060° west.
B) 12:00 LMT at 120° west.
C) 06:00 LMT at the prime meridian.
D) 14:00 LMT at 090° east.

122. At 00:00 Local Mean Time the…

A) mean Sun is in transit with the observer’s anti&meridian.
B) apparent Sun is in transit with the observer’s anti&meridian.
C) apparent Sun is in transit with the observer’s meridian.
D) mean Sun is in transit with the observer’s meridian.

123. Calculate the difference in LMT between Dublin &53°29’N, 006°15’W& and
Bremen airport &53°09’N, 008°45’E&.
A) 01h 00m
B) 00h 00m
C) 02h 00m
D) 00h 10m

124. “What is the meaning of the term “”standard time””?”

A) It is the time set by the legal authorities for a &part of a& country.
B) It is an expression for Local Mean Time.
C) It is the time zone system and is applicable only in the Unites States of America.
D) It is another term for UTC.

125. Which statement about standard time is true?

A) Standard time is determined by the government of the appropriate state and does not
necessarily follow the borders of 15°&wide longitude zones.
B) Standard time is the time that is determined by division of the longitude by 15 and
rounding off the answer to the nearest integer.
C) In all cases the standard times at western longitudes are earlier than UTC and at eastern
longitudes later than UTC.
D) The standard time at 125°W is UTC & 8h 20m.

126. “Given:Estimated Time of Departure A &15° 15.0’N, 072° 06.0’W& on 12

March is 01:00 ST &ST = UTC&5hr&Estimated Time of Arrival B &55° 18.0’N,
005° 45.0’E& 16:15 ST on the same date &ST = UTC+1hr&.According to the
Jeppesen table sunset at B takes place at 18:20.Calculate the flight time from
A to B and the time between arrival and sunset at B.”
A) 09h15m and 02h42m.
B) 21h15m and 02h42m.
C) 09h15m and 03h28m.
D) 21h15m and 03h28m.

127. “An aircraft is flying from position A &53°24’N, 015°54’E& to B &32°00’N,

052°51’W&. Given the information below, calculate the Estimated Time of
Departure &ETD& from A, expressed in Standard Time A &STA&.Distance
according to the flight plan: 3150 NM.Average GS: 450 kt.Difference between
Standard Time A and UTC: 1 hour.Difference between Standard Time B and
UTC: 4 hours.Estimated Time of Arrival &ETA& at B: 10:00 STB on the 5th
August.”
A) 08:00 STA 05/08.
B) 06:00 STA 05/08.
C) 00:00 STA 05/08.
D) 22:00 STA 04/08.

128. “On the 4th February at 08:00 Standard Time A &STA& an aircraft is
exactly above position A. Given the following information, estimate the time
and date of arrival at position B in Standard Time B &STB&.Position A:
50°00.0’N, 138°30.0’WSTA: UTC & 9 hoursPosition B: 50°00.0’N,
175°45.0’ESTB: UTC +12 hoursGround distance between A and B: 1736 NMAir
distance between A and B exactly when the aircraft arrives over position B:
1636 NMAverage tailwind component for the flight: 25 kt”
A) 09:00 STB on the 05/02.
B) 12:00 STB on the 04/02.
C) 15:00 STB on the 04/02.
D) 15:00 STB on the 03/02.

129. “An aircraft departs from Schiphol airport and flies to Santa Cruz in
Bolivia &South America& via Miami in Florida.The departure time &off blocks&
is 07:45 ST on the 10th of November, and taxi time before take off at Schiphol
is 25 minutes.The flight time to Miami over the Atlantic Ocean is 09h 20m.The
total taxi time in Miami to and from the gate is 25 minutes.The time spend at
the gate is 02h 40m.From Miami to Santa Cruz the airborne time is 06h
30m.Calculate the time and date of touch down in Santa Cruz in ST Bolivia if
the difference between ST and UTC is 5 hours.”
A) 21:05 10th Nov.
B) 22:05 10th Nov.
C) 09:05 11th Nov.
D) 07:05 11th Nov.

130. Where is the International Dateline located?

A) In the vicinity of the 180°E/W meridian.
B) Exactly on the 180°E/W meridian.
C) To the east of the 180°E/W meridian only.
D) To the west of the 180°E/W meridian only.

131. Which of the following statements is correct when crossing the

International Date Line?
A) The date will always be the same.
B) The date will increase when crossing on a westerly heading.
C) The date will increase when crossing on an easterly heading.
D) The date will remain the same when crossing from a westerly longitude to an easterly
longitude.

132. An aircraft departs position A on the 170°00’E meridian at 01:30 Local

Mean Time &LMT&on 11 February on an easterly course. It arrives at position
B on the 160°00’W meridian 3:00 hours later. What is the LMT and local date of
arrival at position B?
A) 06:30, 10th February
B) 07:30, 11th February
C) 02:30, 11th February
D) 01:30, 10th February

133. “An aircraft is departing from departure point A &25°N, 175°W& on the 7th
January at 14:23 LMT. Given the following information, calculate the time
&standard time& and date of arrival at B &STB&.Difference UTC and STA: 11
hoursDestination point B: 15°N, 155°EDifference between UTC and STB: 10
hoursDistance along the great circle between A and B: 1790 NMAverage head
wind component: 19 ktAverage TAS: 400 kt”
A) 16:45 STB on the 08/01.
B) 06:45 STB on the 08/01.
C) 16:19 STB on the 08/01.
D) 06:19 STB on the 08/01.

134. Standard time for some areas is listed in the Air Almanac as UTC +13
instead of UTC &11. The reason for this is…
A) to keep the same date for areas in the same political or economical entity.
B) the set&up of the sunrise/sunset tables.
C) the sense of the Earth’s rotation.
D) the fact that these areas are applying daylight saving time.

135. “Which statement is true about crossing the date line?When approaching
the date line from the east &on a westerly heading&…”
A) one day is gained.
B) one day is lost.
C) 12 hours are gained.
D) 12 hours are lost.

136. “Which statement is true about crossing the date line?When approaching
the date line from the west &on an easterly heading&…”
A) one day is lost.
B) one day is gained.
C) 12 hours are gained.
D) 12 hours are lost.

137. “Sunrise on the 27th of February at 52°S, 040°E is at 02:43 UTC.What time
is sunrise at 52°S, 035°W on the same day?”
A) 07:43 UTC
B) 21:43 UTC
C) 05:23 UTC
D) 02:43 UTC

138. “&For this question use annex 061&2304A&.The UTC of sunrise on 6

December at Winnipeg, Canada &49°50’N, 097°30’W& is…”
A) 0930.
B) 2230.
C) 0111.
D) 1411.

139. “&For this question use Annex 061&600414&What is the UTC of morning
civil twilight at 66?48’N, 095?26’W on 27th of January?”
A) 08:14 UTC
B) 09:27 UTC
C) 14:36 UTC
D) 15:41 UTC

140. “&For this question use Annex 061&600415&What is the UTC of sunrise at
66?48’N, 095?26’W on 27th of January?”
A) 09:27 UTC
B) 15:47 UTC
C) 08:14 UTC
D) 15:41 UTC
141. “&For this question use Annex 061&600416&What is the duration of
morning civil twilight at 66?48’N, 095?26’W on 27th of January?”
A) 1 hour 2 minutes
B) 1 hour 11 minutes
C) 8 hours 14 minutes
D) 9 hours 27 minutes

142. “In a sunrise/sunset table given for the 28th of June at a certain latitude,
sunrise is given as 02:39 and sunset is given as 21:27.What is the latitude?”
A) 60°N
B) 80°N
C) 00°N/S
D) 55°S

143. The duration of civil twilight is the time…

A) between sunset and when the centre of the Sun is 6° below the celestial horizon.
B) between sunset and when the centre of the Sun is 12° below the celestial horizon.
C) needed by the Sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°.
D) agreed by the international aeronautical authorities, which is 12 minutes.

144. Morning Civil twilight begins when the…

A) centre of the Sun is 12° below the celestial horizon.
B) centre of the Sun is 6° below the celestial horizon.
C) Sun’s upper edge is tangential to the celestial horizon.
D) centre of the Sun is 18° below the celestial horizon.

145. The time difference in Local Mean Time between sunset at positions A
&50°N, 120°E& and B &50°S, 120°E& on the 21st of November is…
A) some hours and the Sun rises earlier in B than in A.
B) negligible small because A and B are located symmetrically to the Equator.
C) some hours and the Sun rises earlier in A than in B.
D) negligible small because A and B are located at the same meridian.

146. Which statement about the duration of daylight is true?

A) Close to the solstices the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its smallest.
B) Close to the equinoxes the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its
smallest.
C) In summer the length of the period of daylight decreases with increasing latitude.
D) On September 10th the duration of daylight is longer on the Southern Hemisphere than
on the Northern Hemisphere.

147. “The SR/SS table for the 23rd of February at latitude 40?N gives:SR =
06:44SS = 17:44 At 12:00 Central European Time &UTC +1& at 40?N the Sun…”
A) rises at 64?W.
B) sets at 86?E.
C) rises at 79?W.
D) sets at 116?E.
148. Which statement is true?
A) The duration of the civil twilight on 21st of March and on 23rd of September is equal at all
places on Earth independent of latitude.
B) The declination of the Sun and the latitude of the observer will affect the duration of civil
twilight.
C) Civil twilight at the Equator lasts longer than at 60°N or 60°S because the radius of the
Equator is larger than the radius of the 60° parallel.
D) Only the declination of the Sun will affect the duration of civil twilight.

149. “Mu’a, Tonga Islands, is situated at &21°11’S, 175°07’W&In the Air

Almanac the standard time of Tonga Islands is listed as UTC +13.For August
21st the sunrise table in the Air Almanac shows:20°S: 06:1830°S: 06:28What is
the Standard Time of sunrise at Mu’a?”
A) 06:59 on August 22nd.
B) 07:39 on August 21st.
C) 07:39 on August 22nd.
D) 06:59 on August 21st.

150. “At &54°N, 020°W& the sun rises on November 28th at 09:01 UTC.At
&44°N, 020°W& the sun will rise…”
A) later since the latter position lies further south.
B) earlier since the latter position lies further south.
C) at 07:41 LMT.
D) also at 09:01 UTC since both positions are situated on the same meridian.

151. “Position “”Elephant Point”” is situated at 58°00’N, 135°30’W.Standard

time for this location is listed in the Air Almanac as UTC &8.If sunset occurs at
00:57 UTC on 21st January, what is the time of sunset in LMT?”
A) 15:55 on January 20th.
B) 16:57 on January 20th.
C) 08:57 on January 21st.
D) 09:59 on January 21st.

152. “Sunrise in Dublin &53°29’N, 006°15’W& is 06:23 LMT.What is the LMT of

sunrise at Bremen airport &53°29’N, 008°45’E&?”
A) 07:23
B) 06:23
C) 06:33
D) 05:23

153. What defines the direction of true north at any given position?
A) The position of the aircraft.
B) The heading of the aircraft.
C) The rotation of the Earth.
D) The orientation of the local meridian.
154. True directions are measured as an angle in degrees…
A) clockwise from true north.
B) anticlockwise from true north.
C) anticlockwise from the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.
D) clockwise from the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

155. The definition of True North for any observer is the…

A) direction of the Greenwich Meridian to the North Pole.
B) direction of the observer’s meridian to the North Pole.
C) reading of the observer’s compass corrected for deviation and local variation.
D) direction of the observer’s Magnetic North corrected for local variation.

156. The charted values of magnetic variation on Earth normally change

annually due to…
A) magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or
decrease.
B) magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase.
C) a reducing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to decrease.
D) an increasing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to increase.

157. At a specific location, the value of magnetic variation…

A) depends on the true heading.
B) varies slowly over time.
C) depends on the type of compass installed.
D) depends on the magnetic heading.

158. The north and south magnetic poles are the only positions on the Earth’s
surface where…
A) the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field is a maximum.
B) a freely suspended compass needle will stand vertical.
C) a freely suspended compass needle will stand horizontal.
D) the value of magnetic variation equals 90°.

159. What is the value of the magnetic dip at the magnetic South Pole?
A) 90°
B) 60°
C) 0°
D) 45°

160. Near the magnetic pole the…

A) vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field is too small to permit the use of a
magnetic compass.
B) horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field is too small to permit the use of a
magnetic compass.
C) angle of dip is minimal whereby a freely suspended compass needle will be almost fully
vertically aligned.
D) angle of dip is maximal whereby a freely suspended compass needle will be almost fully
horizontally aligned.
161. Magnetic variation…
A) has a maximum value of 180°.
B) must have a value of 0° at the magnetic Equator.
C) cannot exceed 90°.
D) varies between a maximum of 45° East and 45° West.

162. When is the magnetic compass most effective?

A) In the region of the magnetic South Pole.
B) About midway between the magnetic poles.
C) On the geographic Equator.
D) In the region of the magnetic North Pole.

163. “The direction “”magnetic north”” at a position on the Earth is the…”

A) isogonal to the magnetic North Pole.
B) direction of the horizontal component of the of the Earth’s magnetic field at that position.
C) great circle between the position and the magnetic North Pole.
D) compass North at that position corrected for variation.

164. The horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field…

A) is at its maximum at the magnetic poles.
B) is very small close to the magnetic poles.
C) increases with an increase in magnetic latitude.
D) is at its minimum at the magnetic Equator.

165. The direction of Magnetic North at a certain position coincides with the
direction of the…
A) isogonic line to the magnetic North Pole.
B) horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field.
C) great circle to the magnetic North Pole.
D) isoclinic line to the magnetic North Pole.

166. The long&term periodic change in the Earth’s magnetic field…

A) is reflected in the slow movement of the magnetic poles.
B) is caused by sunspot activity.
C) mainly affects compass deviation.
D) is caused by the westerly movement of the geographic North Pole.

167. The Directive Force…

A) is the component of the Earth’s magnetic field which aligns the compass needle.
B) equals the vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field.
C) is zero over the geographical poles.
D) is about twice as strong on 60°N/S as on the Equator.

168. With an increase in magnetic latitude there will be a decrease in the…

A) total magnetic force of the Earth’s magnetic field.
B) vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field.
C) directive force.
D) angle of dip.

169. The angle between Magnetic North and Compass North is called…
A) compass deviation.
B) compass error.
C) magnetic variation.
D) alignment error.

170. Deviation on the standby compass is…

A) dependent on the heading of the aircraft.
B) zero on the magnetic Equator.
C) independent of the latitude of the aircraft’s position.
D) positive if the Compass North is to the west of Magnetic North.

171. Compass deviation is defined as the angle between…

A) True North and Magnetic North.
B) Magnetic North and Compass North.
C) the horizontal and the total intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field.
D) True North and Compass North.

172. Deviation applied to magnetic heading gives…

A) compass heading.
B) magnetic course.
C) true heading.
D) magnetic track.

173. “Which of the following variables affect deviation?1. Magnetic latitude2.

Aircraft heading3. Aircraft altitude4. Aircraft electronic equipment”
A) 2 and 3 only
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 3 and 4 only

174. A definition of a Magnetic Track angle is:

A) The direction of a line referenced to the isogonic line to the Magnetic North pole.
Compass North.
B) The direction of a line referenced to Magnetic North.
C) The direction of the longitudinal axis of an aircraft referenced to Magnetic North.
D) The direction of the longitudinal axis of an aircraft referenced to Compass North.

175. An aircraft’s compass reads 002°. The deviation card shows 1°W on
northerly headings and the variation is 5°W. What is the aircraft’s true
heading?
A) 008°
B) 006°
C) 358°
D) 356°

176. “Given the following criteria, what are the magnetic heading &M& and the
compass heading &C&?True heading: 079° &T&,Variation: 7° W,Deviation: 3°
E.”
A) 086° &M& and 083° &C&.
B) 086° &M& and 089° &C&.
C) 072° &M& and 075° &C&.
D) 072° &M& and 069° &C&.

177. The angle between True North and Magnetic North is called…
A) drift.
B) variation.
C) compass error.
D) deviation.

178. A negative &westerly& magnetic variation signifies that…

A) Compass North is east of Magnetic North.
B) True North is west of Magnetic North.
C) True North is east of Magnetic North.
D) Compass North is west of Magnetic North.

179. Isogonals are lines of equal…

A) pressure.
B) compass deviation.
C) magnetic variation.
D) wind velocity.

180. “Route ‘A’ &44°N, 026°E& to ‘B’ &46°N, 024°E& forms an angle of 35° with
longitude 026°E. Variation at A is 3°E.What is the initial magnetic track from A
to B?”
A) 322°
B) 032°
C) 328°
D) 038°

181. “Given the following information, what is the compass heading?True

track: 348° Drift: 17° leftVariation: 32° WDeviation: 4° E”
A) 033°
B) 359°
C) 007°
D) 337°

182. The lines on the Earth’s surface that join points of equal magnetic
variation are called…
A) isogrives.
B) isotachs.
C) isoclines.
D) isogonals.

183. If the Compass Heading is 265°, variation is 33° W and deviation is 3°E,
what is the True Heading?
A) 235°
B) 301°
C) 229°
D) 295°

184. “Given the following information, calculate the variation:Compass

Heading: 233°True Heading: 256°Drift Angle: 10°RDeviation: &3°”
A) 36°E
B) 16°E
C) 20°W
D) 10°W

185. “Given the following information, calculate the deviation:True heading:

245°Drift: 5° rightVariation: 3° ECompass heading: 242°”
A) 5° W
B) 5° E
C) 1° E
D) 11° E

186. “&For this question use annex 061&1818A&.A North Polar Stereographic
chart has a grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft using this
chart flies from the geographic North Pole for a distance of 480 NM along the
110°E meridian, then follows a grid track of 154° for a distance of 300 NM.Its
position is now approximately…”
A) 78°45’N, 087°00’E.
B) 70°15’N, 080°00’E.
C) 79°15’N, 074°00’E.
D) 80°00’N, 080°00’E.

187. “Given the following information, calculate the true course:A Northern
Hemisphere Polar Stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the zero
meridianGrid track: 344°Longitude: 115°00’W.”
A) 049°
B) 229°
C) 279°
D) 099°

188. A route is flown from 85°S, 100°E to 85°S, 140°W on a Polar Stereographic
chart with a grid orientated on the 180? meridian. At 160°E the Grid Track
&GT& and True track &TT& are respectively…
A) 250°&G& and 090°&T&.
B) 070°&G& and 090°&T&.
C) 090°&G& and 070°&T&.
D) 090°&G& and 250°&T&.

189. Thule VOR is located at 76°32’N, 68°15’W. A Polar Stereographic chart

with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian is used. The local variation
is 75°W. Which grid track must be maintained to track radial 210°&M&
inbound?
A) 023°&G&
B) 323°&G&
C) 285°&G&
D) 203°&G&

190. A route is drawn from 75°00’N, 060°00’E to 75°00’N, 030°00’W on a Polar

Stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian. The
Grid Track &GT& is…
A) 315°&G&.
B) 255°&G&.
C) 285°&G&.
D) 225°&G&.

191. A route is flown from 80°S, 100°W to 80°S, 140°E. At 180°E/W the Grid
Track &GT& and True Track &TT& on a Polar Stereographic chart, whose grid
is aligned with the Greenwich meridian, are respectively…
A) 290°&G& and 110°&T&.
B) 110°&G& and 290°&T&.
C) 070°&G& and 250°&T&.
D) 250°&G& and 070°&T&.

192. A route is flown from 85°S, 100°E to 85°S, 140°W. At 180°E/W the Grid
Track &GT& and True Track &TT& on a Polar Stereographic chart, whose grid
is aligned with the Greenwich meridian, are respectively…
A) 250°&G& and 070°&T&.
B) 290°&G& and 110°&T&.
C) 070°&G& and 250°&T&.
D) 110°&G& and 290°&T&.

193. A route is flown from 80°S, 100°W to 80°S, 140°E. At 160°W the Grid Track
&GT& and True Track &TT& on a Polar Stereographic chart with a grid
orientated on the 180? meridian are respectively…
A) 290°&G& and 270°&T&.
B) 110°&G& and 270°&T&.
C) 270°&G& and 290°&T&.
D) 270°&G& and 110°&T&.

194. “A straight line route from A &75°N, 010°W& to B is drawn on a Polar

Stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian.If the
true track at A is 080°, what is the grid track when passing the meridian
050°E?”
A) 090°&G&
B) 070°&G&
C) 110°&G&
D) 150°&G&

195. “A straight line route from A to B is drawn on a Polar Stereographic chart

with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian. The true track at A is 060°.
When passing the meridian 100°E, the true track is 090°.The grid track of this
route on the chart is…”
A) 350°&G&.
B) 130°&G&.
C) 060°&G&.
D) 010°&G&.

196. A straight line route from A&75°S, 010°W& to B is drawn on a Polar

Stereographic chart with the grid aligned with the Greenwich meridian. If the
true track at A is 080°, what is the grid track when passing the meridian of
050°E?
A) 070°&G&
B) 090?&G&
C) 110°&G&
D) 330°&G&

197. A straight line route from A to B is drawn on a Southern Polar

Stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. The
true track at A is 120°. When passing the meridian of 100°E the true track is
090°. The grid track of this route on the chart is…
A) 030°&G&.
B) 190°&G&.
C) 120°&G&.
D) 350°&G&.

198. In a Polar Stereographic Chart the grid lines…

A) run parallel to the reference meridian.
B) intersect the reference meridian at an angle equal to the longitude of the intersection
multiplied by the constant of cone
C) run perpendicular to the reference meridian.
D) intersect the reference meridian at an angle equal to the longitude of the intersection.

199. What is represented by one minute of latitude measured along a

meridian?
A) 60 nautical miles
B) 60 kilometres
C) 1 kilometre
D) 1 nautical mile
200. Subject to the choice of individual States, what unit&s&are permitted to
be used when dealing with heights and altitudes?
A) Metres only
B) Statute miles or metres
C) Feet or metres
D) Feet only

201. Referring to distance units, a ratio of 1 to 1.852 is the ratio between…

A) kilometres and nautical miles.
B) nautical miles and kilometres.
C) kilometres and statute miles.
D) statute miles and kilometres.

202. At 10:00 UTC an aircraft departs position A &51°30’N, 001°59’W& and flies
on a track of 270°&T& at a groundspeed of 390 kt. What is the aircraft’s
position at 11:30 UTC?
A) 51°30’N, 011°44’W
B) 51°30’N, 008°03’W
C) 51°30’N, 014°27’W
D) 51°30’N, 017°39’W

203. “Maintaining a ground speed of 180 kt, an aircraft leaves position A

&30°S, 010°W& and flies the rhumb line tracks listed below. What are the
coordinates of point E?1& A to B: 090° &T& for 25 minutes,2& B to C: 180° &T&
for 32 minutes,3& C to D: 270° &T& for 28 minutes,4& D to E: 360° &T& for 24
minutes.”
A) 30°24’S, 010°09’W
B) 31°00’S, 010°03’W
C) 30°24’S, 010°10’W
D) 30°24’S, 010°12’W

204. If an aircraft flies a great circle track from 56°N, 070°W to 62°N, 110°E, the
total distance travelled is…
A) 3720 NM.
B) 2040 NM.
C) 1788 NM.
D) 5420 NM.

205. “Given the following information, what are the distances from A to B and
from A to C respectively?Position ‘A’ N60, W020Position ‘B’ N60,
W021Position ‘C’ N59, W020”
A) 52 NM and 60 NM
B) 30 NM and 60 NM
C) 60 NM and 30 NM
D) 60 NM and 52 NM
206. The rhumb&line distance between points A &60°00’N 002°30’E& and B
&60°00’N 007°30’W& is…
A) 300 NM.
B) 600 NM.
C) 450 NM.
D) 150 NM.

207. “A flight is to be made from “”A”” 49°S, 180°E/W to “”B”” 58°S,

180°E/W.The distance in kilometres from “”A”” to “”B”” is approximately…”
A) 1222.
B) 540.
C) 1000.
D) 804.

208. The maximum difference in distance when proceeding along the great
circle between two positions, instead of the rhumb line, will occur on…
A) north&south tracks at low latitudes.
B) east&west tracks at high latitudes.
C) north&south tracks at high latitudes.
D) east&west tracks at low latitudes.

209. “An aircraft flies from waypoint 7 &53°00' N, 073°00’W& to waypoint 8

&54°00' N, 073°00' W&.The aircraft’s position is &54°00' N, 073°15’W&.The
cross&track distance in relation to the planned track is…”
A) 8.8 NM L.
B) 12.1 NM R.
C) 8.8 NM R.
D) 12.1 NM L.

210. “An aircraft is over position HO &55°30’N 060°15’W&, where YYR VOR
&53°30’N 060°15’W& can be received. The magnetic variation is 31°W at HO
and 28°W at YYR.What is the radial from YYR?”
A) 031°
B) 208°
C) 332°
D) 028°

211. What is the main function of a compass needle?

A) To find the maximum intensity of the earth’s magnetic field.
B) Its direction always points in a straight line to the Magnetic South pole.
C) To indicate true north in an aeroplane after subtracting the compass error.
D) To determine the direction of the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field.

212. “Given the deviation table of a Direct Reading Compass.To fly 000 030 060
090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330Steer 359 030 061 092 121 150 178 209 242
272 298 331 The desired True Heading is 155°. The variation in the area is
10°W. What should be the indication of the Direct Reading Compass?”
A) 165°
B) 145°
C) 146°
D) 164°

213. “Given the deviation table of a Direct Reading Compass.To fly 000 030 060
090 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 Steer 359 030 061 092 121 150 178 209 242
272 298 331The Direct Reading Compass indicates a heading 242°. The
variation in the area is 22°E. What is the True Heading of the aircraft?”
A) 214°
B) 258°
C) 218°
D) 262°

214. “The direct reading compass indicates a compass heading 273°. The
deviation is 3°E, the variation is 13°W.The true heading is:”
A) 276°
B) 283°
C) 270°
D) 263°

215. “Which of the following statements is correct as regards the operational

use of a Direct Reading Compass &DRC&?The DRC….”
A) requires no power from the aircraft systems to indicate direction.
B) is more reliable than a directional gyro during turns and periods of acceleration or
deceleration.
C) is only certified for use under VFR and during published hours of daylight.
D) is free from interference from other aircraft systems and components.

216. What indication is shown on a direct reading compass?

A) Compass heading.
B) Magnetic heading.
C) Compass course.
D) Magnetic course.

217. “&For this question refer to annex ECQB&061&001&v2015&09&.What

magnetic heading is the aircraft on, if the deviation on this heading is &3°?”
A) 090° &M&
B) 093° &M&
C) 094° &M&
D) 087° &M&

218. “&For this question refer to annex ECQB&061&002&v2015&09&.What is

the deviation when flying on a heading of 088° &C&?”
A) 0°
B) 2°W
C) 2°E
D) &2°

219. Which statement is true about the Direct Reading Compass &DRC&?
A) The heading of the DRC can only be checked with the runway direction after allowing for
magnetic variation.
B) The DRC is serviceable when the indication during take off differs by not more than 2
degrees from the runway true direction.
C) The DRC is serviceable when the indication is within 2 degrees of the magnetic track on
the navigation chart.
D) Before Take Off the DRC should be checked by comparing the heading to the runway
direction.

220. “During ground checks the direct reading compass indication can best be
compared with:1. the runway direction upon aligning the aircraft.2. the
indication of the main compass system.3. the indication of the local test
VOR.4.an ADF bearing.5. a bearing on the airborne weather radar.Which of the
preceding statements are true?”
A) All five statements are true.
B) Only 2 and 3 are true.
C) Only 4 and 5 are true.
D) Only 1 and 2 are true.

221. The pre&flight serviceability test of a direct reading compass consists of:
A) Comparing the indication to another reference &e.g. runway direction&.
B) A compass swing.
C) Adjusting the indication to magnetic north with the help of the known compass deviation.
D) Checking the deviation with celestial navigation methods.

222. Which aircraft system&s& should be checked for accuracy when the
cargo includes a significant amount of ferrous material?
A) The Automatic Direction&Finding Equipment &ADF&.
B) The Inertial Reference System.
C) Any gyroscopic flight instruments.
D) The Direct Reading Magnetic Compass.

223. According to the Certification Specifications for Large Aeroplanes

&CS&25&,for standby compass instruments, the accuracy of the magnetic
heading indications after correction should be better than or equal to…
A) 1°.
B) 3°.
C) 5°.
D) 10°.

224. When an aircraft flies into the vicinity of one of the magnetic poles, why
does the magnetic compass becomes unreliable or even useless?
A) The influence of the abundant local magnetic anomalies caused by ionised particles in the
vicinity of the magnetic poles.
B) The influence of Aurora Borealis &northern Lights& tends to deflect the compass.
C) The decrease of the earth’s magnetic field strength causes the directive force to be
insufficient for a reliable compass indication.
D) The Horizontal component becomes so weak that the directive force is insufficient for a
reliable compass indication.

225. Which of the following situations would initiate the requirement for a
compass swing? After a…
A) flight that involved a significant change of latitude.
B) flight that involved a significant change of longitude.
C) period of one year during which the aircraft has remained static.
D) period of one year during which the aircraft was operated for cargo flights only.

226. Which of the following situations would initiate the requirement for a
compass swing? After a flight…
A) across the agonic line.
B) at an extremely high magnetic latitude.
C) during which there was an interruption to the aircraft electrical supply.
D) during which the aircraft was hit by lightning.

227. Calculate the ground distance in statute miles on an ATS route between
two VORs if the distance on the en&route chart measures 137 mm and the
quoted scale is 1 inch =15 NM.
A) 130 sm
B) 93 sm
C) 81 sm
D) 237 sm

228. A pilot is working with a VFR chart whose scale is 1:500 000. How long
&in cm& would a straight line drawn on the chart between two positions that
are 36 NM apart on the ground measure?
A) 4 cm
B) 12 cm
C) 13 cm
D) 7 cm

229. What is the scale, expressed as ratio, of a VFR chart that has two
positions 17 NM apart on the ground, 5 inches apart on the chart?
A) 1:250 000
B) 1:500 000
C) 1:185 000
D) 1:215 000

230. Two positions at the same latitude are marked on an aeronautical chart
and the meridians at those positions converge with an angle of 30°. The effect
of this convergence is that the true track of…
A) a straight line drawn between those two positions will change by 30°.
B) the great circle route between those two positions will change by 30°.
C) the rhumb line and great circle route between those two positions will differ by 30° at
either position.
D) the rhumb line route between those two positions will change by 30°.

231. Two positions at the same latitude are marked on an aeronautical chart
and the meridians at those positions converge with an angle of 30°. The true
track direction of the…
A) great circle track between those two positions will change by 30°.
B) rhumb line and great circle track between those two positions will differ by 30° at either
position.
C) rhumb line track between those two positions will change by 30°.
D) rhumb line track between those two positions will be either 090° &T& or 270° &T&.

232. A straight line is drawn on an aeronautical chart and the true track
between two positions at different latitudes on that line changes by 28°. What
does this mean?
A) The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.
B) The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.
C) The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.
D) The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.

233. What is the approximate scale, expressed as ratio, of a low altitude

en&route chart with a quoted scale of 1 inch = 15 NM?
A) 1:1 094 000
B) 1:2 778 000
C) 1:2 057 235
D) 1:7 056 120

234. Calculate the ground distance in km, on an ATS route between VORs, if
the distance on the en&route chart measures 200 mm and the quoted scale is
1 inch = 20 NM.
A) 292 km
B) 157 km
C) 370 km
D) 181 km

235. If a straight line is drawn on an aeronautical chart between any two

positions, what will determine the true track change along that line between
the two positions?
A) The Earth convergence between the two meridians.
B) The Earth convergence between the two meridians and the sine of the mean latitude.
C) The chart convergence between the two meridians and the sine of the parallel of origin.
D) The chart convergence between the two meridians.

236. What is the scale, expressed as a ratio, of a North Atlantic plotting chart
with a quoted scale of 1 inch = 120 NM?
A) 1:8 750 000
B) 1:1 200 000
C) 1:16 460 000
D) 1:56 450 000

237. “Approximately how many nautical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map

with a scale of 1: 2 000 000?”
A) 43
B) 130
C) 150
D) 329

238. “On a Direct Mercator projection a particular chart length is measured at

30°N. What earth distance will the same chart length be if measured at 60°N?”
A) A larger distance.
B) A smaller distance.
C) Twice the distance.
D) The same distance.

239. It can be stated, concerning a Mercator chart, that:

A) the projection from the centre of the earth on a cylinder gives conformity.
B) it is a projection from the centre of the earth via straight lines on a cylinder tangential to
the equator.
C) projection on a cylinder is the exact way of construction of Mercator charts.
D) it is designated as a cylindrical projection but it is, in fact, mathematically produced.

240. “Define the term “”scale””.Scale is:”

A) The ratio between the distortion in north&south direction and the distortion in east&west
direction on the map.
B) A map&typical unit of length used for charts, maps and models.
C) The ratio between the length of a distance on the map and the length of the same
distance on the earth.
D) The ratio between scale number and unit of length in nature.

241. “The scale of a chart is 1 : 500 000.Calculate the distance on this chart
which is equivalent to 10 NM on the earth.The distance is approximately:”
A) 3.7 cm.
B) 1.9 cm.
C) 0.19 m.
D) 0.37 m.

242. What is the convergency factor on a Direct Mercator projection?

A) 0
B) The convergency factor is infinite.
C) 1
D) It varies as it is dependent on the latitude.
243. Where is the parallel of origin for a Direct Mercator projection?
A) The Greenwich Meridian.
B) Along any meridian.
C) Where the convergency factor is zero.
D) The Equator.

244. “A Mercator chart has a scale at the equator of 1: 3 704 000. What is the
scale at latitude 60°S?”
A) 1: 1 852 000
B) 1: 185 200
C) 1: 3 208 000
D) 1: 7 408 000

245. “On a Direct Mercator projection, at latitude 45° North, a certain length
represents 70 NM. At latitude 30° North, the same length represents
approximately…”
A) 57 NM.
B) 70 NM.
C) 81 NM.
D) 86 NM.

246. How does the scale vary on a Direct Mercator chart?

A) The scale increases with increasing distance from the Equator.
B) The scale is constant.
C) The scale increases south of the Equator and decreases north of the Equator.
D) The scale decreases with increasing distance from the Equator.

247. If one minute of latitude along the parallel of 55?N is 3.1 mm on a Direct
Mercator chart, what is the scale of the chart at 40?N?
A) 1 : 457 650
B) 1 : 447 320
C) 1 : 779 880
D) 1 : 797 890

248. “At 60° N the scale of a direct Mercator chart is 1: 3 000 000.What is the
scale at the Equator?”
A) 1: 1 500 000
B) 1: 3 500 000
C) 1: 6 000 000
D) 1: 3 000 000

249. What is the chart distance between longitudes 179°E and 175°W on a
direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1: 5 000 000 at the Equator?
A) 106 mm
B) 72 mm
C) 133 mm
D) 167 mm

250. “The total length of the 53°N parallel of latitude on a direct Mercator chart
is 133 cm.What is the approximate scale of the chart at latitude 30°S?”
A) 1: 21 000 000
B) 1: 18 000 000
C) 1: 26 000 000
D) 1: 30 000 000

251. A Direct Mercator graticule is based on a projection that is…

A) concentric.
B) cylindrical.
C) conical.
D) spherical.

252. “On a Direct Mercator chart, a certain chart length along 45°N represents
a distance of 90 NM on the surface of the Earth.The same length on a chart
along latitude 30°N will represent a distance on the Earth of…”
A) 110 NM.
B) 73.5 NM.
C) 78 NM.
D) 45 NM.

253. “On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 15°S, a certain length represents a
distance of 120 NM on the Earth.The same length on the chart will represent on
the Earth, at latitude 10°N, a distance of…”
A) 122.3 NM.
B) 117.7 NM.
C) 124.2 NM.
D) 118.2 NM.

254. On a Mercator chart, at latitude 60°N, the distance measured between

W002° and E008° is 20 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is
approximately…
A) 1: 2 780 000.
B) 1: 278 000.
C) 1: 556 000.
D) 1: 5 560 000.

255. Where on a Direct Mercator projection is the chart convergency correct

compared to the Earth convergency?
A) All over the chart.
B) At the Equator.
C) At the two parallels of tangency.
D) At the poles.
256. What is the constant of the cone for a Lambert conic projection whose
standard parallels are at 50°N and 70°N?
A) 0.941
B) 0.866
C) 0.500
D) 0.766

257. Calculate the constant of the cone on a Lambert Chart given chart
convergency between 010°E and 030°W as being 30°
A) 0.50
B) 0.40
C) 0.64
D) 0.75

258. On a Lambert conformal conic chart, with two standard parallels, the
quoted scale is correct:
A) in the area between the standard parallels
B) along the two standard parallels
C) along the parallel of origin
D) along the prime meridian

259. “The constant of the cone, which is also known as convergence factor, of
a Lambert conformal conic chart, is quoted as 0.78535. At what latitude on the
chart is earth convergency correctly represented?”
A) 52°05'.
B) 80°39'.
C) 38°15'.
D) 51°45'.

260. On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart earth convergency is most

accurately represented at the:
A) north and south limits of the chart
B) parallel of origin
C) standard parallels
D) Equator

261. A straight line is drawn on a Lamberts conformal conic chart between two
positions of different longitude. The angular difference between the initial true
track and the final true track of the line is equal to:
A) earth convergency
B) conversion angle
C) chart convergency
D) difference in longitude

262. On a Lambert conformal conic chart, the distance between parallels of

latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart:
A) is constant throughout the chart
B) is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them
C) is larger between the standard parallels and is smaller outside them
D) is constant between the standard parallels and is greater outside them

263. How does the chart convergency change with latitude in a Lambert
Conformal projection?
A) It changes with cosine of latitude.
B) It is constant and does not change with latitude.
C) It increases with increase of latitude.
D) It changes with sine of latitude.

264. An aeronautical chart is conformal when:

A) the meridians and parallels are perpendicular to each other.
B) At any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the
scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.
C) every great circle is represented by a straight line in the map.
D) the map is an equidistant normal projection.

265. “On a Mercator’s projection the distance between &17°N, 035°E& and
&17°N, 040°E& is 5 cm. The scale at 57°N is approximately:”
A) 1 :18 658 470
B) 1 : 6 052 030
C) 1 : 5 556 000
D) 1 :10 626 460

266. “From Rakovnik &50° 05.9' N, 013° 41.5' E& to Frankfurt FFM &50° 05.9' N,
008° 38.3' E& the True Track of departure along the straight line is 272.0°. The
constant of the cone of this Lambert conformal projection is:”
A) 0.20
B) 0.79
C) 0.77
D) 0.40

267. “The positions A &30°00’N, 017°30’E& and B at longitude &30°00’N,

023°30’E& are plotted on a Lambert chart with a constant of the cone of 0.5. A
and B are connected by a straight line. The True Track measured at A is 088.5°.
What is the True Track measured at B?”
A) 094.5°
B) 085.5°
C) 082.5°
D) 091.5°

268. The constant of the cone in a Lambert chart is 0.8666500. The angle
between the north directions of the meridian in position A &65°00’N,
018°00’W& and the meridian of position B &75°00’N, 023°00’W& on the chart is:
A) 10.0?
B) 4.3°
C) 5.0?
D) 5.8?

269. “Given: Lambert conformal conical projection, scale 1: 1 234 000.

Standard parallels 36°N and 60°N.. A &53°N, 010°W&, B &53°N, 020°W&. The
distance on the map between position A and position B measured along the
rhumb line:”
A) is between 54.19 cm and 57.13 cm
B) is less than 54.19 cm
C) is 55.66 cm
D) is more than 57.13 cm

270. “A straight line from A &53?N, 155?W& to B &53?N, 170?E& is drawn on a

Lambert Conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50?N and 56?
N.When passing the meridian 175?E, the True Track is:”
A) 260.0?
B) 102.5?
C) 257.5?
D) 100.0?

271. “A straight line from A &53?S, 155?E& to B &53?S, 170?W& is drawn on a

Lambert Conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50?S and 56?
S.When passing 175?W, the True Track is:”
A) 282.0?
B) 102.0?
C) 078.0?
D) 258.0?

272. “The standard parallels of a Lambert chart are 26°N and 48°N and the
stated scale is 1:2 500 000.Which statement is correct?”
A) The scale at 46°N is larger than the scale at 50°N.
B) The scale at 37°N is larger than the scale at 20°N.
C) The scale at 28°N is smaller than the scale at 24°N.
D) The scale at 30°N is smaller than the scale at 37°N.

273. Which statement is correct about the scale of a Lambert projection?

A) The scale reaches its minimum value at the parallel of origin.
B) The scale reaches its maximum value at the standard parallels.
C) The scale reaches its minimum value at the standard parallels.
D) The scale reaches its maximum value at the parallel of origin.

274. Which statement is true about the parallel of origin of a conformal chart?
A) The parallel of origin is the parallel at which the scale reaches its minimum value.
B) The parallel of origin together with the standard parallel&s&, are the only parallels at
which the chart is conformal.
C) The parallel of origin is the parallel at which the scale reaches its maximum value.
D) The parallel of origin is the only parallel at which the chart is conformal.
275. On a Lambert conformal projection the chart convergency between two
positions depends on:
A) the latitude of the parallel of origin only.
B) the difference in longitude of the two positions only.
C) the difference in longitude and the mean latitude of the two positions.
D) the difference in longitude of the two positions and the latitude of the parallel of origin.

276. What can be said about the area represented on a Lambert projection
which lies between the two standard parallels of the chart?
A) In this area the rhumb line and great circle between two positions situated in this area
practically coincide.
B) Only in this area is the chart conformal.
C) The True Track of departure and the True Track of arrival between two positions situated
in this area are practically equal.
D) In this area the scale of the chart differs less than 1& from the stated scale of the chart.

277. “A Lambert conformal conic chart having standard parallels at 54?N and
59?N is used for navigation. The straight line between A&55? 00.0’N, 165?
00.0’E& and B&58? 00.0’N, ???? ??.?’E& is drawn on this chart. The True track
along the straight line at A is 301? and at B is 292? .Calculate the difference in
longitude from A to B.”
A) 010? 47.6’W
B) 010? 47.6’E
C) 009? 00.0’E
D) 009? 00.0’W

278. “A Lambert conformal conic chart with standard parallels at 54?N and 59?
N is used for navigation. The straight line between A&55? 00.0’N 165? 00.0’E&
and B&58? 00.0’N ?? ? ??.?’E& is drawn on this chart. The True track along
the straight line at A is 301? and at is B 292? .Calculate the longitude of
position B.”
A) 156? 00.0’E
B) 175? 47.6’E
C) 174? 00.0’E
D) 154? 12.4’E

279. “A Lambert conformal conic chart having standard parallels at 54?S and
59?S is used for navigation. The straight line between A &55? 00'.0S, 165?
00'.0E& and B &58? 00'.0S, 154? 00'.0E& is drawn in this chart. The True Track
angle along the straight line in A is 239?.Calculate the direction &?T& of the
straight line in position B.”
A) 250?
B) 248?
C) 230?
D) 228?
280. “A Lambert conformal conic chart with standard parallels at 54?N and 59?
N is used for navigation. The straight line between A &55? 00'.0N, 165? 00'.0E&
and B &58? 00'.0N, 154? 00'.0E& is drawn in this chart. The True Track angle
along the straight line in A is 301?.Calculate the direction &?T& of the straight
line in position B.”
A) 310?
B) 312?
C) 290?
D) 292?

281. The scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:

A) mean scale between pole and equator
B) scale at the equator
C) mean scale between the parallels of the secant cone
D) scale at the standard parallels

282. “The standard parallels of a Lambert’s conical projection are 07°40’N and
38°20’N.For this chart, what is the approximate constant of the cone?”
A) 0.42
B) 0.60
C) 0.92
D) 0.39

283. On a Lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians…

A) is zero throughout the chart.
B) equals earth convergency at the standard parallels.
C) varies as the secant of the latitude.
D) is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin.

284. “The constant of cone of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as

0.3955.At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly
represented?”
A) 23°18'
B) 68°25'
C) 21°35'
D) 66°42'

285. “On a Lambert Conformal chart the distance between meridians 5° apart
along latitude 37° North is 9 cm.The scale of the chart at that parallel
approximates:”
A) 1: 5 000 000
B) 1: 6 000 000
C) 1: 2 000 000
D) 1: 3 750 000

286. On a Lambert conformal conic projection with two standard parallels…

A) all great circles are shown as straight lines.
B) the lines of longitude are shown as parallel straight lines.
C) the scale is only correct along the standard parallels.
D) the scale is only correct at the parallel of origin.

287. The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart…

A) is constant along a meridian of longitude.
B) is constant across the whole map.
C) is constant along a parallel of latitude.
D) varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude.

288. “A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.75.A
straight line track is drawn from A &40°N, 050°W& to B. The initial track at A is
043°&T& and the final track at B is 055°&T&.What is the longitude of B?”
A) 041°W
B) 036°W
C) 034°W
D) 038°W

289. “A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80.A
straight line track is drawn from A &53°N, 004°W& to B. The initial track at A is
080°&T& and the final track at B is 092°&T&.What is the longitude of B?”
A) 009°36’E
B) 011°E
C) 008°E
D) 019°E

290. “The two standard parallels of a Lambert conformal conic projection are
at 10°40’N and 41°20’N.The constant of the cone for this chart is
approximately…”
A) 0.18.
B) 0.90.
C) 0.66.
D) 0.44.

291. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&003&v2015&09, Lamberts

Conformal Chart of the northern hemisphere&.At position A what is the
relationship between Earth Convergency &EC& and Chart Convergency
&CC&?”
A) EC < CC
B) The relationship cannot be determined.
C) EC > CC
D) EC = CC

292. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&004&v2015&09, a Lamberts

Conformal chart of the northern hemisphere&.Where is the parallel of origin?”
A) 41.5°N
B) 14.5°N
C) 71.5°N
D) 48.6°N

293. “On a Lambert conformal projection the scale at a point at 60°N in the
direction of True North is 1:1 000 000.What is the scale at the same point in an
easterly direction?”
A) 1:1 000 000
B) 1:500 000
C) The scale in this direction cannot be calculated as the longitude of the position is not
given.
D) 1:2 000 000

294. The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on
a:
A) Lambert conformal projection
B) Stereographical projection
C) Gnomonic projection
D) Direct Mercator projection

295. What is the value of the convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic

chart?
A) 1.0
B) 0.5
C) 0.866
D) 0.0

296. A straight line from A &75?S, 120?E& to B &75?S, 160?E& is drawn on a

Polar Stereographic chart. When passing the meridian 155?E, the True Track
is:
A) 075?
B) 255?
C) 095?
D) 105?

297. A straight line from A &75?N, 120?E& to B &75?N, 160?E& is drawn on a

Polar Stereographic chart. When passing the meridian 155?E, the True Track
is:
A) 075?
B) 285?
C) 105?
D) 255?

298. Which statement is correct about the scale of a Polar Stereographic

projection of the Northern polar area?
A) The scale reaches its maximum value at the 45°N.
B) The scale reaches its minimum value at the equator.
C) The scale reaches its minimum value at the North pole.
D) The scale reaches its maximum value at the North pole.

299. On a Polar Stereographic projection the chart convergency between two

positions depends on the:
A) difference in latitude of the two positions.
B) difference in latitude and the mean longitude of the two positions.
C) difference in longitude and the mean latitude of the two positions.
D) difference in longitude of the two positions.

300. “A Polar Stereographic chart is used for navigation. The straight line
betweenA &75? 00'.0N, 166? 00'.0E& and B &78? 00'.0N, 154? 00'.0E& is drawn
on this chart. The True Track angle of the Rhumb line at B is 317?.Calculate
the direction &?T& of the straight line in position B.”
A) 305?
B) 323?
C) 329?
D) 311?

301. “A Polar Stereographic chart used for navigation. The straight line
betweenA &75? 00'.0N, 166? 00'.0E& and B &78? 00'.0N, 154? 00'.0E& is drawn
in this chart. The True Track angle of the Rhumb line in B is 317?. Calculate
the direction &?T& of the straight line in position A.”
A) 311?
B) 323?
C) 329?
D) 305?

302. “A Polar Stereographic chart used for navigation. The straight line
between A &75? 00'.0S, 166? 00'.0E& and B &78? 00'.0S, 154? 00'.0E& is drawn
in this chart. The True Track angle of the Rhumbline is 223? .Calculate the
direction &?T& of the straight line in position B.”
A) 211?
B) 235?
C) 217?
D) 229?

303. On a Polar Stereographic chart, the initial great circle course from 70°N,
060°W to 70°N, 060°E is approximately…
A) 030° &T&.
B) 210° &T&.
C) 150° &T&.
D) 330° &T&.

304. “On a Polar Stereographic chart showing the South Pole, a straight line
joins position A &70°S, 065°E& to position B &70°S, 025°W&.What is the
approximate true track on departure from position A?”
A) 250°
B) 315°
C) 135°
D) 225°

305. The North and South Poles cannot be represented on which of the
following chart projections?
A) Direct Mercator
B) Lambert conformal
C) Transverse Mercator
D) Polar stereographic

306. On a Direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as a:

A) straight line
B) curve convex to the nearer pole
C) spiral curve
D) small circle concave to the nearer pole

307. Parallels of latitude on a Direct Mercator chart are:

A) parallel straight lines equally spaced
B) arcs of concentric circles equally spaced
C) parallel straight lines unequally spaced
D) straight lines converging above the pole

308. “On a Mercator’s projection a straight line is drawn between &40°N,

050°W& and &50°N, 060°W&. Calculate the angle between the straight line and
the great circle in position A.”
A) 7.0°
B) 3.5°
C) 1.8°
D) 3.2°

309. “The rhumb line track from A&53? 50’N, 006? 55’E& to B&53? 00’N, 015?
40’E& is 099?. Calculate the initial True Track along the great circle.”
A) 103?
B) 106?
C) 092?
D) 096?

310. “The rhumb line track from A&53? 50’N, 006? 55’E& to B&53? 00’N, 015?
40’E& is 099?. Calculate the final True Track along the great circle.”
A) 092?
B) 096?
C) 106?
D) 103?

311. “The rhumb line track from A&53? 50’N, 006? 55’E& to B&53? 00’N, 003?
00’E& is 250?. Calculate the final True Track along the great circle.”
A) 248?
B) 247?
C) 253?
D) 252?

312. “The rhumb line track from A &53? 50’N 006? 55’E& to B &53? 00’N 003?
00’E& is 250?. Calculate the initial great circle track.”
A) 247?
B) 253?
C) 248?
D) 252?

313. “Given:Waypoint X &53°N, 175°E&Waypoint Y &53°N, 175°W&Calculate

the final great circle track at Y.”
A) 266°
B) 274°
C) 086°
D) 094°

314. “The true course of the rhumb line connecting the positions A: 60°S,
011°E and B: 60°S, 009°W is 270°Calculate the true course in ‘A’ of the great
circle that connects both positions.The true course is:”
A) 253°.
B) 287°.
C) 279°.
D) 261°.

315. A straight line route is drawn on a Direct Mercator chart from position A
&45°30’N, 013°25’W& to position B &41°42’N, 003°57’E&. The rhumb line track
measured at A is 129° &T&. What is approximately the great circle track from A
to B, measured at position A?
A) 135° &T&
B) 117° &T&
C) 123° &T&
D) 126° &T&

316. “Which of the following statements describes the appearance of a great

circle route on a Direct Mercator chart?A great circle route from 50°N, 120°W to
50°N, 130°W will be a…”
A) rhumb line.
B) straight line.
C) curve concave to the nearest pole.
D) curve concave to the equator.

317. On a Direct Mercator chart, apart from meridians and the Equator, a great
circle will be represented by a…
A) straight line.
B) curve convex to the Equator.
C) curve concave to the Equator.
D) complex curve.

318. On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are…

A) inclined, unequally spaced, curved lines that meet at the nearer pole.
B) inclined, equally spaced, straight lines that meet at the nearer pole.
C) parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines.
D) parallel, unequally spaced, vertical straight lines.

319. Select the correct statement regarding great circles on a Direct Mercator
chart.
A) They are all curves convex to the Equator.
B) They approximate to straight lines between the standard parallels.
C) With the exception of meridians and the Equator, they are curves concave to the Equator.
D) They are all curves concave to the Equator.

320. A rhumb line on a Direct Mercator chart appears as a…

A) small circle concave to the nearer pole.
B) straight line.
C) complex curve.
D) curve convex to the nearer pole.

321. On a Direct Mercator, rhumb lines are…

A) curves convex to the Equator.
B) curves concave to the Equator.
C) straight lines.
D) ellipses.

322. On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart great circles that are not meridians
are:
A) curves concave to the parallel of origin
B) curves concave to the pole of projection
C) straight lines within the standard parallels
D) straight lines regardless of distance

323. A straight line on a Lambert Conformal Projection chart for normal flight
planning purposes:
A) can only be a parallel of latitude
B) is approximately a Great Circle
C) is a Rhumb line
D) is a Loxodromic line

324. The Lambert conformal conic projection has to be produced

mathematically to:
A) Obtain conformality.
B) Obtain an equal scale between the standard parallels.
C) Display the meridians as straight lines.
D) Display the great circle as a straight line.

325. “Which of the following statements most accurately describes a great

circle route on a Lambert conformal conic chart?A straight line will
approximate to a great circle course if the…”
A) straight line is close to the parallel of origin.
B) straight line follows the parallel of origin.
C) great circle course is a curve concave to the parallel of origin.
D) sine of the parallel of origin is equal to the convergence factor.

326. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&006&v2015&09&.Which of the

diagrams most accurately represents the great circle route from A to B on a
Lambert conformal conic chart?”
A) Diagram 1
B) Diagram 2
C) Diagram 3
D) Diagram 4

327. Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines,
except meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart?
A) Straight lines
B) Curves concave to the Pole
C) Ellipses around the Pole
D) Curves convex to the Pole

328. “Two places are situated on the same parallel in the Southern
Hemisphere. The great circle, rhumb line and the straight line between these
places are drawn on a Polar Stereographic Projection. Which statement is
correct?”
A) The great circle is situated between the parallel and the straight line, because the
concave side of the great circle is always pointed towards the equator.
B) The correct sequence from North to South is: Great circle, straight line, rhumb line.
C) The rhumb line is situated between the great circle and the straight line because the
shortest distance between to places on Earth is the great circle.
D) The great circle is situated between the parallel and the straight line, because the
concave side of the great circle is always pointed towards the pole.

329. Which statement about the Polar Stereographic Chart is true?

A) The closer to the pole, the more a great circle will coincide with the straight line on the
chart.
B) The distance in NM between 2 positions along the straight line on the chart is shorter than
the distance along the great circle.
C) The exact great circle is convex to the pole.
D) In general the distance in NM along the straight line on the chart will be closer to the
rhumb line distance than to the great circle distance.
330. “In a polar stereographic chart for the northern hemisphere the true
course of a straight line at latitude 60°N and longitude 170°W is 315°.Calculate
the true course of the straight line at longitude 145°E.The true course is:”
A) 354°.
B) 276°.
C) 270°.
D) 315°.

331. “Which of the following statements most accurately describes the

appearance of parallels of latitude on a polar stereographic chart?Parallels of
latitude appear as…”
A) curves convex to straight lines on the chart.
B) straight lines intersecting with meridians at 90°.
C) curves concave to the equator.
D) concentric circles around the pole.

332. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&005&v2015&09&.Which of the

diagrams most accurately represents the great circle route from A to B on a
Polar Stereographic chart?”
A) Diagram 1
B) Diagram 4
C) Diagram 3
D) Diagram 2

333. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the

appearance of great circles, with the exception of meridians, on a Polar
Stereographic chart?
A) The higher the latitude, the closer they approximate to a straight line.
B) They are complex curves that can be convex and/or concave to the Pole.
C) They are curves convex to the Pole.
D) Any straight line is a great circle.

334. “On a Polar Stereographic chart, point A at 80°N, 000° and point Bat 70°N,
102°W are joined by a straight line, with the highest latitude reached at
035°W.What is the true track at point B?”
A) 305°
B) 203°
C) 023°
D) 247°

335. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the aircraft’s position?CON VOR/DME &N53 54.8
W008 49.1&range: 30 NMCRN DME &N53 18.1 W008 56.5& range: 25 NMAircraft
heading 270° &M&Both DME distances decreasing.”
A) N53 37 W008 20
B) N53 35 W009 25
C) N53 43 W009 25
D) N53 30 W008 20

336. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what is the aircraft’s position?CRN DME &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&
range: 18 NMSHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& range: 30 NMAircraft
heading 270°&M&, Both DME distances decreasing.”
A) N52 52 W009 23
B) N53 07 W009 23
C) N53 10 W008 30
D) N53 55 W008 25

337. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& to
position N53 00 W009 40?”
A) Radial: 324°, DME distance: 17 NM
B) Radial: 293°, DME distance: 33 NM
C) Radial: 057°, DME distance: 27 NM
D) Radial: 309°, DME distance: 33 NM

338. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& to
position N53 10 W008 30?”
A) Radial: 070°, DME distance: 58 NM
B) Radial: 207°, DME distance: 31 NM
C) Radial: 035°, DME distance: 30 NM
D) Radial: 019°, DME distance: 31 NM

339. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& to
position N52 20 W008 10?”
A) Radial: 212°, DME distance: 26 NM
B) Radial: 132°, DME distance: 36 NM
C) Radial: 129°, DME distance: 46 NM
D) Radial: 139°, DME distance: 35 NM

340. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1&to position
N52 10 W009 20?”
A) Radial: 354°, DME distance: 34 NM
B) Radial: 198°, DME distance: 37 NM
C) Radial: 214°, DME distance: 37 NM
D) Radial: 346°, DME distance: 34 NM

341. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME &N53 54.8 W008 49.1& to
position N54 30 W009 00?”
A) Radial: 169°, DME distance: 35 NM
B) Radial: 214°, DME distance: 26 NM
C) Radial: 049°, DME distance: 45 NM
D) Radial: 358°, DME distance: 36 NM

342. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME &N53 54.8 W008 49.1& to
position N54 00 W008 00?”
A) Radial: 320°, DME distance: 8 NM
B) Radial: 094°, DME distance: 64 NM
C) Radial: 088°, DME distance: 29 NM
D) Radial: 260°, DME distance: 30 NM

343. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME &N53 54.8 W008 49.1& to
position N53 40 W008 20?”
A) Radial: 240°, DME distance: 24 NM
B) Radial: 311°, DME distance: 22 NM
C) Radial: 119°, DME distance: 42 NM
D) Radial: 140°, DME distance: 23 NM

344. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME &N53 54.8 W008 49.1& to
position N53 30 W009 30?”
A) Radial: 165°, DME distance: 27 NM
B) Radial: 335°, DME distance: 43 NM
C) Radial: 233°, DME distance: 35 NM
D) Radial: 025°, DME distance: 38 NM

345. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME &N54 39.7 W006 13.8& to position
N54 10 W007 10?”
A) Radial: 333°, DME distance: 36 NM
B) Radial: 320°, DME distance: 44 NM
C) Radial: 223°, DME distance: 36 NM
D) Radial: 236°, DME distance: 44 NM

346. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME &N54 39.7 W006 13.8& to position
N54 40 W007 30?”
A) Radial: 090°, DME distance: 46 NM
B) Radial: 278°, DME distance: 10 NM
C) Radial: 278°, DME distance: 44 NM
D) Radial: 098°, DME distance: 45 NM

347. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME &N54 39.7 W006 13.8& to position
N55 00 W007 00?”
A) Radial: 315°, DME distance: 34 NM
B) Radial: 296°, DME distance: 65 NM
C) Radial: 222°, DME distance: 48 NM
D) Radial: 126°, DME distance: 33 NM

348. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&An aircraft is

on the radial 120° at a range of 35 NM from the SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008
53.1&.What is the aircraft’s position?”
A) N52 50 W009 50
B) N52 30 W008 00
C) N53 00 W009 45
D) N52 25 W008 05

349. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&An aircraft is

on the radial 165° at a range of 36 NM from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008
53.1&.What is the aircraft’s position?”
A) N52 08 W008 40
B) N52 10 W008 30
C) N53 17 W009 08
D) N53 15 W009 15

350. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&An aircraft is

on the radial 232° at a range of 32 NM from SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008
53.1&.What is the aircraft’s position?”
A) N53 03 W008 10
B) N52 20 W009 30
C) N53 05 W008 15
D) N52 28 W009 35

351. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&An aircraft is

on the 025° radial at a range of 49 NM from the SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008
53.1&.What is the aircraft’s position?”
A) N53 28 W008 20
B) N53 30 W008 30
C) N51 55 W009 15
D) N52 00 W09 25

352. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&An aircraft is

on the 048° radial at a range of 22 NM from the SHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008
53.1&.What is the aircraft’s position?”
A) N52 28 W009 20
B) N52 58 W008 25
C) N53 00 W008 30
D) N52 25 W009 17

353. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what is the aircraft’s position?CRN DME &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&
range: 34 NMSHA VOR/DME &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& range: 26 NMAircraft
heading: 090° &M&Both DME distances increasing.”
A) N53 10 W008 20
B) N52 55 W008 15
C) N52 50 W008 30
D) N53 05 W009 30

354. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the radial and DME distance from CRK
VOR/DME when overhead Kerry aerodrome?CRK VOR/DME position:&N51 50.4
W008 29.7&Kerry aerodrome position: &N52 10.9 W009 31.4&”
A) Radial: 119°, DME distance: 44 NM
B) Radial: 307°, DME distance: 43 NM
C) Radial: 299°, DME distance: 42 NM
D) Radial: 127°, DME distance: 45 NM

355. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the radial and DME distance from CON
VOR/DME when overhead Castlebar aerodrome?CON VOR/DME position: N53
54.8 W008 49.1Castlebar aerodrome position: N53 51 W009 17”
A) Radial: 086°, DME distance: 18 NM
B) Radial: 077°, DME distance: 18 NM
C) Radial: 265°, DME distance: 17 NM
D) Radial: 257°, DME distance: 17 NM

356. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the radial and DME distance from CON
VOR/DME when overhead Abbey Shrule aerodrome?CON VOR/DME position:
N53 54.8 W008 49.1Abbey Shrule aerodrome position: N53 35 W007 39”
A) Radial: 116°, DME distance: 47 NM
B) Radial: 123°, DME distance: 46 NM
C) Radial: 296°, DME distance: 46 NM
D) Radial: 304°, DME distance: 47 NM

357. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& to
position N51 40 W007 30?”
A) Radial: 106°, DME distance: 38 NM
B) Radial: 293°, DME distance: 39 NM
C) Radial: 113°, DME distance: 38 NM
D) Radial: 104°, DME distance: 76 NM

358. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&011&v2016&08 or chart

E&HI&2 from the Jeppesen Student Pilot Route Manual&.Given the following
in&flight information from SVEDA VOR/DME &SVD, N56 10.1, E012 34.4&, what
is the aircraft’s position?Aircraft on radial: 033°DME reading: 36 NM”
A) N56°40', E013°10'
B) N57°20', E012°50'
C) N56°27', E012°56'
D) N56°42', E013°50'

359. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&011&v2016&08 or chart

E&HI&2 from the Jeppesen Student Pilot Route Manual&.Given the following
in&flight information from ODIN VOR/DME &ODN, N55 34.8, E010 39.3&, what
is the aircraft’s position? Aircraft on radial: 075°DME reading: 59 NM”
A) N55°43', E011°37'
B) N55°27', E012°22'
C) N55°50', E012°20'
D) N56°10', E011°40'

360. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&010&v2016&08&. What is the

True Course &TC& and distance for a flight from Straubing &EDMS, 48°54’N,
012°31’E& to Vilshoven &EDMV, 48°38’N, 013°12’E&?”
A) TC: 301°, distance: 47 NM
B) TC: 121°, distance: 32 NM
C) TC: 059°, distance: 32 NM
D) TC: 059°, distance: 47 NM

361. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&010&v2016&08&.What is the

True Course &TC& and distance for a flight from Furstenzell &EDMF,
48°31.0’N, 013°21.0’E& to Arnbruck &EDNB, 49°07.5’N, 012°59.0’E&?”
A) TC: 022°, distance: 59 NM
B) TC: 022°, distance: 40 NM
C) TC: 338°, distance: 40 NM
D) TC: 158°, distance: 59 NM

362. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&011&v2016&08 or chart

E&HI&2 from the Jeppesen Student Pilot Route Manual&.Given the following
in&flight information from SVEDA VOR/DME &SVD, N56 10.1, E012 34.4& and
CODAN VOR/DME &CDA, N55 00.1, E012 22.9&, what is the aircraft’s position?
Magnetic Heading: 300°DME reading from SVD: 22 NM &increasing& DME
reading from CDA: 51 NM &increasing&”
A) N55°50', E012°43'
B) N55°52', E012°20'
C) N55°45', E011°40'
D) N55°35', E012°10'

363. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&011&v2016&08 or chart

E&HI&2 from the Jeppesen Student Pilot Route Manual&. Given the following
in&flight information from STURUP VOR/DME &SUP, N55 32.1, E013 22.8& and
ODIN VOR/DME &ODN, N55 34.8, E010 39.3&, what is the aircraft’s position?
Magnetic Heading: 360° DME reading from SUP: 47 NM &decreasing& DME
reading from ODN: 51 NM &decreasing&”
A) N55°48', E012°02'
B) N55°17', E011°56'
C) N55°17', E012°04'
D) N55°48', E012°06'

364. “&For this question use annex ECQB&061&11&v2016&08 or chart E&HI&2

from the Jeppesen Student Pilot Route Manual&.Given the following in&flight
information from CODAN VOR/DME &CDA, N55 00.1, E012 22.9&, what is the
aircraft’s position? Radial: 081°DME reading: 49 NM”
A) N55°08', E013°47'
B) N54°52', E012°13'
C) N55°19', E013°42'
D) N55°04', E013°10'

365. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VOR/DME?”
A) 7
B) 6
C) 1
D) 2

366. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a DME?”
A) 2
B) 6
C) 3
D) 5

367. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates an NDB?”
A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 2

368. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a basic, non&specified, navigation
aid?”
A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 2

369. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a TACAN?”
A) 6
B) 7
C) 2
D) 1
370. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of
the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VORTAC?”
A) 6
B) 7
C) 1
D) 3

371. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a Control Zone boundary?”
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 2

372. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates an uncontrolled route?”
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 2

373. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates the boundary of advisory airspace?”
A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

374. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a non&compulsory reporting point?”
A) 15
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8

375. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a compulsory reporting point?”
A) 7
B) 8
C) 15
D) 6

376. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates an unlighted obstacle?”
A) 12
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

377. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lighted obstacle?”
A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 9

378. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a group of unlighted obstacles?”
A) 9
B) 11
C) 12
D) 13

379. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a group of lighted obstacles?”
A) 12
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

380. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates an exceptionally high unlighted
obstacle?”
A) 11
B) 14
C) 13
D) 9

381. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates an exceptionally high lighted obstacle?”
A) 14
B) 10
C) 12
D) 13

382. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&What is

the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol No. 15?”
A) Lighthouse
B) Visual reference point
C) Aeronautical ground light
D) Hazard to aerial navigation
383. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&What is
the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol No. 16?”
A) Lightship
B) Shipwreck showing above the surface at low tide
C) Off&shore helicopter landing platform
D) Off&shore lighthouse

384. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates an aeronautical ground light?”
A) 14
B) 10
C) 15
D) 16

385. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12621A to 061&12638A&Which

aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lightship?”
A) 16
B) 12
C) 10
D) 14

386. “&For this question refer to annex 061&12614A to 061&12620A&Which of

the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VOR?”
A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 6

387. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What feature

is shown on the chart at position N52 11 W009 31?”
A) Punchestown aerodrome
B) Connemara aerodrome
C) KERRY/Farranfore aerodrome
D) Waterford NDB

388. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&.What feature

is shown on the chart at position N52 12 W006 12?”
A) Clonbullogue aerodrome
B) WTD NDB
C) TUSKAR ROCK LT.H. NDB
D) KERRY/Farranfore aerodrome

389. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What feature

is shown on the chart at position N53 11 W006 37?”
A) Connemara aerodrome
B) Clonbullogue aerodrome
C) Punchestown aerodrome
D) KERRY/Farranfore aerodrome

390. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&.What feature

is shown on the chart at position N53 51 W009 17?”
A) Connaught aerodrome
B) Connemara aerodrome
C) Brittas Bay aerodrome
D) Castlebar aerodrome

391. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&.What feature

is shown on the chart at position N54 17 W010 05?”
A) Belmullet aerodrome
B) Carnmore aerodrome
C) EAGLE ISLAND LT.H. NDB
D) Clonbullogue aerodrome

392. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Which of the

following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N51 50.4
W008 29.7?”
A) VOR, DME, and compulsory reporting point.
B) Civil airport, VOR, and non&compulsory reporting point.
C) VOR, DME, NDB, and ILS.
D) VOR, DME, NDB, and compulsory reporting point.

393. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Which of the

following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N54 16.7
W008 36.0?”
A) VOR, DME, NDB, and a compulsory reporting point.
B) VOR, DME, NDB, and anon&compulsory reporting point.
C) Civil airport, VOR, DME, and anon&compulsory reporting point.
D) Civil airport, NDB, DME, and a compulsory reporting point.

394. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Which of the

following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N53 18.0
W006 26.9?”
A) Civil airport, VOR, and DME.
B) Military airport, VOR, and NDB.
C) Military airport, VOR, and DME.
D) VOR, DME, and danger area.

395. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Which of the

following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N53 18.1
W008 56.5?”
A) VOR, DME, NDB, a compulsory reporting point, and an ILS.
B) Civil airport, NDB, DME, and anon&compulsory reporting point.
C) VOR, DME, NDB, and a compulsory reporting point.
D) Civil airport, VOR, DME, and anon&compulsory reporting point.
396. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Which of the
following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N52 11
W007 05?”
A) Civil airport and locator.
B) VOR and NDB.
C) NDB and locator.
D) Civil airport, NDB, and localiser.

397. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from WTD NDB &N52 11.3 W007 05.0& to
KER NDB &N52 10.9 W009 31.5&?”
A) Track: 098° &M&, distance: 90 NM
B) Track: 270° &M&, distance: 89 NM
C) Track: 090° &M&, distance: 91 NM
D) Track: 278° &M&, distance: 90 NM

398. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from CRN NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&to WTD
NDB &N52 11.3 W007 05.0&?”
A) Track: 315° &M&, distance: 94 NM
B) Track: 135° &M&, distance: 96 NM
C) Track: 142° &M&, distance: 95 NM
D) Track: 322° &M&, distance: 95 NM

399. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from KER NDB &N52 10.9 W009 31.5& to
CRN NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&?”
A) Track: 017° &M&, distance: 70 NM
B) Track: 205° &M&, distance: 71 NM
C) Track: 197° &M&, distance: 71 NM
D) Track: 025° &M&, distance: 70 NM

400. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from CON VOR &N53 54.8 W008 49.1& to BEL
VOR &N54 39.7 W006 13.8&?”
A) Track: 071° &T&, distance: 100 NM
B) Track: 113° &T&, distance: 97 NM
C) Track: 063° &T&, distance: 101 NM
D) Track: 293° &T&, distance: 98 NM

401. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from WTD NDB &N52 11.3 W007 05.0&to BAL
VOR &N53 18.0 W006 26.9&?”
A) Track: 198°, distance: 72 NM
B) Track: 018° &M&, distance: 71 NM
C) Track: 026° &M&, distance: 71 NM
D) Track: 206° &M&, distance: 71 NM

402. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from BAL VOR &N53 18.0 W006 26.9& to SLG
NDB &N54 16.7 W008 36.0&?”
A) Track: 316° &M&, distance: 96 NM
B) Track: 262° &M&, distance: 86 NM
C) Track: 128° &M&, distance: 99 NM
D) Track: 308° &M&, distance: 98 NM

403. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& to
CRN NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&?”
A) Track: 177° &M&, distance: 92 NM
B) Track: 357° &M&, distance: 89 NM
C) Track: 169° &M&, distance: 91 NM
D) Track: 349° &M&, distance: 90 NM

404. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°M& and distance from CRN NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5& to BEL
VOR &N54 39.7 W006 13.8&?”
A) Track: 058° &M&, distance: 128 NM
B) Track: 089° &M&, distance: 95 NM
C) Track: 238° &M&, distance: 130 NM
D) Track: 229° &M&, distance: 125 NM

405. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from SLG NDB &N54 16.7 W008 36.0& to CFN
NDB &N55 02.6 W008 20.4&?”
A) Track: 191° &T&, distance: 45 NM
B) Track: 011° &T&, distance: 47 NM
C) Track: 020° &T&, distance: 46 NM
D) Track: 348° &T&, distance: 46 NM

406. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from WTD NDB &N52 11.3 W007 05.0& to FOY
NDB &N52 34.0 W009 11.7&?”
A) Track: 286° &T&, distance: 81 NM
B) Track: 294° &T&, distance: 80 NM
C) Track: 277° &T&, distance: 83 NM
D) Track: 075° &T&, distance: 81 NM

407. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from WTD NDB &N52 11.3 W007 05.0& to SLG
NDB &N54 16.7 W008 36.0&?”
A) Track: 164° &T&, distance: 138 NM
B) Track: 344° &T&, distance: 139 NM
C) Track: 336° &T&, distance: 137 NM
D) Track: 156° &T&, distance: 136 NM

408. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from SHA VOR &N52 43.3 W008 53.1& to CON
VOR &N53 54.8 W008 49.1&?”
A) Track: 002° &T&, distance: 72 NM
B) Track: 010° &T&,distance: 71 NM
C) Track: 358° &T&, distance: 72 NM
D) Track: 006° &T&, distance: 71 NM

409. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from BAL VOR &N53 18.0 W006 26.9& to CRN
NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5&?”
A) Track: 273° &T&, distance: 85 NM
B) Track: 270° &T&, distance: 90 NM
C) Track: 278° &T&, distance: 89 NM
D) Track: 267° &T&, distance: 95 NM

410. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from BAL VOR &N53 18.0 W006 26.9& to CFN
NDB &N55 02.6 W008 20.4&?”
A) Track: 327° &T&, distance: 124 NM
B) Track: 335° &T&, distance: 128 NM
C) Track: 330° &T&. distance: 130 NM
D) Track: 320° &T&, distance: 127 NM

411. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&What is the

average track &°T& and distance from CRN NDB &N53 18.1 W008 56.5& to EKN
NDB &N54 23.6 W007 38.7&?”
A) Track: 044° &T&, distance: 82 NM
B) Track: 035° &T&, distance: 80 NM
C) Track: 042° &T&, distance: 83 NM
D) Track: 031° &T&, distance: 81 NM

412. “While flying on a magnetic heading of 185° &M& in the northern

hemisphere, an aircraft measures the relative bearing of ‘ONO’ NDB on an RBI
&Relative Bearing Indicator& as 065° &R&.Given the following information,
what bearing should be plotted from the beacon to the aircraft on a Lambert
chart?Variation at the aircraft: 6°EVariation at the station: 4°EChart
convergence between the aircraft and the NDB: 8°”
A) 062° &T&
B) 076° &T&
C) 066° &T&
D) 068° &T&

413. “While flying in the northern hemisphere, an aircraft has a VOR &RMI&
reading of 285° &M& to ‘BUB’ VOR. Given the following information, what
bearing should be plotted from the VOR to the aircraft on a Mercator chart?
Variation at the aircraft: 4°EVariation at the station: 8°EEarth convergence
between the aircraft and the VOR: 6°”
A) 113° &T&
B) 112° &T&
C) 108° &T&
D) 116° &T&

414. “Given the following information, what is the magnetic bearing of the NDB
measured from the aircraft?Magnetic heading: 311°Drift angle: 10° leftRelative
bearing of NDB: 270°”
A) 208°
B) 180°
C) 211°
D) 221°

415. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the aircraft’s position?SHA VOR &N52 43.3
W008 53.1& radial 223°CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& radial 322°”
A) N52 20 W009 20
B) N52 30 W009 10
C) N52 10 W009 30
D) N52 10 W009 10

416. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the aircraft’s position?SHA VOR &N52 43.3
W008 53.1& radial 205°CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& radial 317°”
A) N52 15 W009 17
B) N52 10 W009 10
C) N51 18 W009 13
D) N52 05 W009 15

417. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what is the aircraft’s position?SHA VOR &N52 43.3 W008 53.1&
radial 120°CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& radial 033°”
A) N52 25 W008 05
B) N52 30 W008 00
C) N52 20 W007 50
D) N52 40 W007 50

418. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following information, what is the aircraft’s position?SHA VOR &N52 43.3
W008 53.1& radial 129°CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& radial 047°”
A) N52 05 W007 55
B) N52 15 W007 55
C) N52 20 W007 50
D) N52 10 W007 50
419. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the
following information, what is the aircraft’s position?SHA VOR &N52 43.3
W008 53.1& radial 143°CRK VOR &N51 50.4 W008 29.7& radial 050°”
A) N51 55 W008 10
B) N52 10 W008 00
C) N52 05 W008 05
D) N52 00 W008 00

420. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what are the two radials applicable to the aircraft’s position?SHA
VOR: N52 43.3 W008 53.1CRK VOR: N51 50.4 W008 29.7Aircraft position: N52
20 W009 10”
A) SHA 025°, CRK 141°
B) SHA 214°, CRK 330°
C) SHA 033°, CRK 149°
D) SHA 205°, CRK 321°

421. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what are the two radials applicable to the aircraft’s position?SHA
VOR: N52 43.3 W008 53.1CRK VOR: N51 50.4 W008 29.7Aircraft position: N52
30 W008 20”
A) SHA 124°, CRK 009°
B) SHA 304°, CRK 189°
C) SHA 131°, CRK 017°
D) SHA 312°, CRK 197°

422. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what are the two radials applicable to the aircraft’s position?SHA
VOR: N52 43.3 W008 53.1CRK VOR: N51 50.4 W008 29.7Aircraft position: N52
30 W009 30”
A) SHA 068°, CRK 145°
B) SHA 248°, CRK 325°
C) SHA 060°, CRK 138°
D) SHA 240°, CRK 137°

423. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what are the two radials applicable to the aircraft’s position?SHA
VOR: N52 43.3 W008 53.1CON VOR: N53 54.8 W008 49.1Aircraft position: N53
30 W008 00”
A) SHA 221°, CON 318°
B) SHA 213°, CON 310°
C) SHA 042°, CON 138°
D) SHA 033°, CON 130°

424. “&For this question use annex 061&12549A to 061&12613A&Given the

following, what are the two radials applicable to the aircraft’s position?SHA
VOR: N52 43.3 W008 53.1CON VOR: N53 54.8 W008 49.1Aircraft position: N53
20 W009 50”
A) SHA 325°, CON 235°
B) SHA 137°, CON 046°
C) SHA 317°, CON 226°
D) SHA 145°, CON 055°

425. “An aircraft is flying a track of 255°&M&.At 22:54 UTC, it crosses radial
360° from a VOR station.At 23:00 UTC, it crosses radial 330° from the same
station.What is the distance between the aircraft and the station at 23:00
UTC?”
A) Less than it was at 22:54 UTC.
B) Randomly different to what it was at 22:54 UTC.
C) The same as it was at 22:54 UTC
D) Greater than it was at 22:54 UTC.

426. “Given the following information, what is the magnetic bearing of the NDB
from the aircraft?NDB position: 55°26’N, 005°42’WAircraft position: 56°00’N,
010°00’WVariation at the NDB: 9°WVariation at the aircraft: 11°WGreat circle
track, aircraft to NDB: 101.5°&T&”
A) 108.5°
B) 110.5°
C) 112.5°
D) 114.5°

427. “Given:Position NDB &55°10’N, 012°55’E&DR Position &54°53’N,

009°58’E&NDB on the RMI reads 090°Magnetic variation: 10°WThe position line
has to be plotted on a Lamberts conformal chart with standard parallels at
40°N and 48°N. Calculate the direction &T& of the bearing to be plotted from
the NDB.”
A) 262°
B) 272°
C) 258°
D) 265°

428. “Given the following information, what radial is the aircraft on?VOR
position: 55°26’N, 005°42’WAircraft position: 56°00’N, 010°00’WVariation at the
VOR: 9°WVariation at the aircraft: 11°WGreat circle track, aircraft to VOR:
101.5°&T&”
A) 276
B) 294
C) 278
D) 296

429. “An aircraft is flying from SALCO to BERRY HEAD on Magnetic Track
007?.At 1000 UTC the relative bearing of locator PY is 311?.At 1003 UTC the
relative bearing of locator PY is 266?.Calculate the true bearing of locator PY
at 1003 UTC from the aircraft, given that:TAS: 445 ktW/V: 050?&T&/40
ktVariation: 5?WDeviation: +2?”
A) 272?&T&
B) 277?&T&
C) 268?&T&
D) 275?&T&

430. “An aircraft is flying from SALCO to BERRY HEAD on Magnetic Track
007?.At 1000 UTC the relative bearing of locator PY is 311?.At 1003 UTC the
relative bearing of locator PY is 266?.Calculate the distance of the aircraft from
locator PY at 1003 UTC, given that:TAS: 445 ktW/V: 050?&T&/40 ktVariation: 5?
WDeviation: +2?”
A) 21 NM
B) 24 NM
C) 23 NM
D) 22 NM

431. “Given the following information, what is the true bearing of the aircraft’s
position line from the NDB plotted on a Polar Stereographic chart?Aircraft
position: 70°N, 035°ENDB position: 70°N, 050°EVariation at the aircraft:
32°EVariation at the NDB: 60°EDeviation: +2°”
A) 278?
B) 083?
C) 049?
D) 229?

432. An aircraft’s position is 55°30’N, 012°00’E. An NDB is located at position

55°30’N, 020°00’E. What is the true bearing of the aircraft’s position line from
the NDB, when plotted on a Lambert conformal conic chart with standard
parallels at 40°N and 50°N?
A) 273?
B) 267?
C) 093?
D) 087?

433. What may cause a difference between a DR&position and a Fix?

A) The difference between no&wind and the forecasted wind.
B) The difference between no&wind and the actual wind.
C) The difference between the actual wind and the forecasted wind.
D) The difference between the magnetic and the true wind direction.

434. The accuracy of the, manually calculated, DR&position of an aircraft is,

among other things, affected by
A) the flight time since the last position update.
B) the accuracy of the adjustment of the position lines for the motion of the aircraft between
the last and the new DR&position.
C) the accuracy of the actual wind.
D) the accuracy of the adjustment of the position lines for the motion of the aircraft between
the last fix and the DR&position.
435. “Consider the following factors that determine the accuracy of a DR
position:1. The flight time since the last position update.2. The accuracy of the
forecasted wind.3. The accuracy of the TAS.4. The accuracy of the steered
heading.Using the list above which of the following contains the most
complete answer?”
A) 1, 2 and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
D) 1, 2 and 4

436. The accuracy of the, manually calculated, DR&position of an aircraft is,

among other things, affected by
A) the accuracy of the adjustment of the position lines for the motion of the aircraft between
the last fix and the DR&position.
B) the accuracy of the adjustment of the position lines for the motion of the aircraft between
the last and the new DR&position.
C) the accuracy of the forecasted wind.
D) the accuracy of the actual wind.

437. “Given the following information, what is the variation?True track: 180°
&T&Drift: 8° rightCompass heading: 195° &C&Deviation: &2°”
A) 25°W
B) 5°W
C) 21°W
D) 9°W

438. “Given the following information, calculate the compass heading.True

track: 300°Drift: 8° RVariation: 10°WDeviation: &4°”
A) 278°
B) 322°
C) 294°
D) 306°

439. “Given the following information, calculate the compass heading.True

track: 352°Variation: 11°WDeviation: &5°Drift: 10°R”
A) 346°
B) 018°
C) 358°
D) 025°

440. “Given the following, calculate the compass heading.True track:

070°Variation: 30°WDeviation: +1°Drift: 10°R”
A) 101°
B) 100°
C) 091°
D) 089°
441. “Calculate the true track if:Magnetic heading: 060°Magnetic variation:
8°WDrift angle: 4° right”
A) 056°
B) 048°
C) 072°
D) 064°

442. “Calculate the magnetic heading required to maintain the given track
if:True track: 192°Magnetic variation: 7°EDrift angle: 5° left.”
A) 194°
B) 180°
C) 204°
D) 190°

443. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°C& and
groundspeed:Track: 090°&T&TAS: 460 ktWind velocity: 360°&T&/100
ktAverage variation: 10°EDeviation: &2°”
A) Heading: 102°&C&, groundspeed: 450 kt
B) Heading: 068°&C&, groundspeed: 460 kt
C) Heading: 070°&C&, groundspeed: 450 kt
D) Heading: 078°&C&, groundspeed: 450 kt

444. “Given the following information, calculate the magnetic heading:True

track: 245°Drift: 5° rightVariation: 3° ECompass heading: 242°”
A) 253°
B) 247°
C) 243°
D) 237°

445. “Given:TAS = 480 ktOAT = ISA &10° CFL 300Calculate the Mach number.”
A) 0.72
B) 0.81
C) 0.85
D) 0.83

446. “Given:FL 390 TAS = 440 ktOAT = ISA +15° CCalculate the Mach number.”
A) 0.78
B) 0.67
C) 0.73
D) 0.74

447. “Given: FL 390OAT = ISA +15° CCAS = 240 kt Calculate the TAS,
assuming a compressibility factor of 0.96.”
A) 487 kt
B) 507 kt
C) 523 kt
D) 468 kt

448. “Given: FL 390OAT = ISA &15° CCAS = 280 ktCalculate the TAS, assuming
a compressibility factor of 0.95.”
A) 495 kt
B) 530 kt
C) 520 kt
D) 505 kt

449. “An aircraft is flying at FL390 at a speed of Mach 0.821 . OAT = ISA &4° C.
The compressibility factor is 0.942. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 439 kt
B) 433 kt
C) 459 kt
D) 467 kt

450. “An aircraft is flying at FL390 with CAS = 254 kt . OAT = ISA &4° C. The
compressibility factor is 0.942. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 525 kt
B) 455 kt
C) 495 kt
D) 465 kt

451. “An aircraft is flying at FL350 with Mach 0.878 . OAT = ISA +4° C. The
compressibility factor is 0.939. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 470 kt
B) 501 kt
C) 479 kt
D) 510 kt

452. “Given:FL 400, OAT = & 65° C, M = 0.90, Calculate the TAS.”
A) 500 kt
B) 480 kt
C) 542 kt
D) 506 kt

453. “Given:FL 400, OAT = & 65° C, IAS = 260 kt, Instruments and position
error to be neglected.Compressibility factor = 0.935Calculate the True
Airspeed taking compressibility into account”
A) 512 kt
B) 470 kt
C) 533 kt
D) 479 kt

454. “Given:FL 300, OAT = & 45° C, IAS = 260 kt, Instruments and position
error to be neglected.Compressibility factor = 0.96Calculate the True Airspeed
taking compressibility into account”
A) 424 kt
B) 435 kt
C) 400 kt
D) 408 kt

455. “Given:FL 350, OAT = & 40° C, IAS = 280 kt, Instruments and position
error to be neglected.Compressibility factor = 0.94Calculate the True Airspeed
taking compressibility into account”
A) 470 kt
B) 517 kt
C) 538 kt
D) 487 kt

456. “An aircraft is flying at FL370 with Mach 0.915. OAT = ISA &4° C. The
compressibility factor is 0.942. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 530 kt
B) 495 kt
C) 490 kt
D) 520 kt

457. “An aircraft is flying at FL370 with CAS = 300 kt . OAT = ISA &4° C. The
compressibility factor is 0.932. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 535 kt
B) 515 kt
C) 555 kt
D) 519 kt

458. “An aircraft is flying at FL350 with CAS = 300 kt . OAT = ISA + 4° C. The
compressibility factor is 0.939. Calculate the TAS.”
A) 540 kt
B) 535 kt
C) 479 kt
D) 509 kt

459. “The following information is for an aircraft in the cruise at 11:50 UTC.
What will be the Groundspeed?Cruise level: FL410OAT: ISA +10° CMach No.:
0.86Wind component: &25 kt”
A) 467 kt
B) 529 kt
C) 504 kt
D) 479 kt

460. “The following information is for an aircraft in the cruise at 11:50 UTC.
What will be the Groundspeed?Cruise level: FL80Track Direction: 343°
&T&OAT: ISA +10° CCAS: 145 ktW/V: 163° &T& /15 kt”
A) 181 kt
B) 151 kt
C) 166 kt
D) 194 kt

461. “Given the following information, what is the ETA at B?Track A to B:

250°&T&Distance A to B: 315 NMTAS: 450 ktWind velocity: 200°&T&/60 ktETD
A: 06:50 UTC”
A) 07:30 UTC
B) 07:36 UTC
C) 08:10 UTC
D) 07:16 UTC

462. “Given the following information, calculate the time &MIN& from A to
B:GS: 510 ktDistance A to B: 43 NM”
A) 7 MIN
B) 4 MIN
C) 5 MIN
D) 6 MIN

463. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 122
ktDistance from A to B: 985 NM”
A) 7 hours 48 minutes
B) 7 hours 49 minutes
C) 8 hours 4 minutes
D) 8 hours 10 minutes

464. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 236
ktDistance from A to B: 354 NM”
A) 1 hour 09 minutes
B) 1 hour 30 minutes
C) 1 hour 10 minutes
D) 1 hour 40 minutes

465. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 435
ktDistance from A to B: 1920 NM”
A) 4 hours 10 minutes
B) 3 hours 25 minutes
C) 4 hours 25 minutes
D) 3 hours 26 minutes

466. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 345
ktDistance from A to B: 3560 NM”
A) 10 hours 05 minutes
B) 10 hours 19 minutes
C) 11 hours 00 minutes
D) 11 hours 02 minutes
467. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 480
ktDistance from A to B: 5360 NM”
A) 11 hours 15 minutes
B) 11 hours 06 minutes
C) 11 hours 07 minutes
D) 11 hours 10 minutes

468. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 95
ktDistance from A to B: 480 NM”
A) 4 hours 59 minutes
B) 5 hours 00 minutes
C) 5 hours 03 minutes
D) 5 hours 08 minutes

469. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 105
ktDistance from A to B: 103 NM”
A) 56 minutes
B) 57 minutes
C) 58 minutes
D) 59 minutes

470. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 120
ktDistance from A to B: 84 NM”
A) 43 minutes
B) 42 minutes
C) 44 minutes
D) 45 minutes

471. “Given the following information, calculate the time from A to B:GS: 135
ktDistance from A to B: 433 NM”
A) 3 hours 20 minutes
B) 3 hours 25 minutes
C) 3 hours 19 minutes
D) 3 hours 12 minutes

472. “A VFR flight is navigated by dead reckoning. Flying from B to C, the

position of the aircraft is fixed and a change of heading calculated. The 1:60
rule is used to determine the heading from the fix position to be back on track
in approximately the same time it has taken from B to the fix position.Using
the following information, what heading is required?Planned DR heading from
B to C: 313° &C&Cross track error: 3 NM leftAlong track distance from B: 45
NM”
A) 315° &C&
B) 305° &C&
C) 317° &C&
D) 321° &C&
473. “Given the following information for a flight navigated by dead reckoning,
what is the track angle error &TKE&?Planned track: 065° &T&Variation: 12°
EDeviation: +5°Planned heading: 054° &C&In&flight drift: 8° L”
A) 2° R
B) 2° L
C) 4° L
D) 4° R

474. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and Wind Correction
Angle &WCA&:Aircraft True Airspeed &TAS&: 100 ktCourse: 180° &T&Wind
Velocity &W/V& &T&: 100/30”
A) 17° left drift, +17° WCA
B) 14° left drift, +14° WCA
C) 14° right drift, &14° WCA
D) 17° right drift, &17° WCA

475. “Given: Track= 355° TAS = 190 kt W/V 270°/25 ktAfter 30 minutes of flying
with the planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 3.5 NM right of track and 4.5 NM
ahead of the dead reckoning position.Calculate the actual wind.”
A) 254?/34 kt
B) 251?/25 kt
C) 246?/21 kt
D) 248?/21 kt

476. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and Wind Correction
Angle &WCA&:Aircraft True Airspeed &TAS&: 170 ktCourse: 200° &T&Wind
Velocity &W/V& &T&: 270°/30 kt”
A) 10° left drift, &10° WCA
B) 10° right drift, +10° WCA
C) 10° right drift, &10° WCA
D) 10° left drift, +10° WCA

477. “Given:Course: 040°&T&TAS: 120 ktWind speed: 30 kt.Maximum drift

angle will be obtained for a wind direction of…”
A) 115°
B) 145°
C) 130°
D) 120°

478. “The table is an extract from a flight plan:Waypoint Time Interval Total
Time TASAABB 19 19 252CC 26 45 256 DD 08 53 259EE 41 1:34 250Calculate
the average TAS between AA and EE”
A) 254.25 kt
B) 256.9 kt
C) 250.9 kt
D) 252.9 kt
479. How long will it take to fly 5 NM at a groundspeed of 269 kt ?
A) 1 MIN 55 SEC
B) 1 MIN 07 SEC
C) 2 MIN 30 SEC
D) 0 MIN 34 SEC

480. An aircraft travels 100 statute miles in 20 MIN, how long does it take to
travel 215 NM?
A) 80 MIN
B) 50 MIN
C) 100 MIN
D) 90 MIN

481. How many NM would an aircraft travel in 1 MIN 45 SEC if GS is 135 kt?
A) 3.94
B) 2.36
C) 39.0
D) 3.25

482. If an aircraft flies with a groundspeed of 135 kt for 2 minutes and 24

seconds, what ground distance will be covered?
A) 5.6 NM
B) 5.0 NM
C) 3.2 NM
D) 5.4 NM

483. An aircraft flies with a Ground Speed of 150 kt for 1 hour 32 minutes. What
ground distance will be covered?
A) 198 NM
B) 250 NM
C) 330 NM
D) 230 NM

484. “An aircraft diverts from the destination to the alternate and on arrival is
instructed to hold by ATC. The speed is reduced to V minimum drag &Vmd&
and the fuel flow is noted as 1290 kg/h. The aircraft must be on the ground at
the alternate with 30 minutes of Final Reserve Fuel remaining &based on the
fuel flow at Vmd&.If the remaining usable fuel is 1640 kg, what is the remaining
safe endurance/flight time?”
A) 76 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 16 minutes
D) 46 minutes

485. “An aircraft diverts from the destination to the alternate and on arrival is
instructed to hold by ATC. The speed is reduced to V minimum drag &Vmd&
and the fuel flow is noted as 1170 kg/h. The aircraft must be on the ground at
the alternate with 30 minutes of Final Reserve Fuel remaining &based on fuel
flow at Vmd&.If the total remaining usable fuel is 1225 kg, what is the
remaining safe endurance/flight time?”
A) 30 minutes
B) 2 minutes
C) 62 minutes
D) 32 minutes

486. “Using the following information, what is the fuel used per nautical mile of
ground distance travelled?Fuel used: 117 kilogram in 20
minutesGroundspeed: 154 knots”
A) 3.95 kg per NM
B) 1.32 kg per NM
C) 0.44 kg per NM
D) 2.28 kg per NM

487. “Fuel flow per hour is 22 US gal, total fuel on board is 71 Imp gal.What is
the endurance?”
A) 3 hours 52 minutes
B) 4 hours 32 minutes
C) 3 hours 12 minutes
D) 2 hours 42 minutes

488. Given a specific gravity of 0.82, what is the mass of 2510 litres of fuel?
A) 2040 kg
B) 3120 kg
C) 2060 kg
D) 3060 kg

489. “Given the following information, calculate the specific gravity.Volume:

650 Imperial gallonsMass: 4800 pounds”
A) 0.89
B) 0.74
C) 0.77
D) 0.92

490. What is the relationship between the litre and the US gal?
A) 3 US gal equals 11.33 litres
B) 3 US gal equals 13.64 litres
C) 3 litres equals 0.91 US gal
D) 3 litres equals 1.36 US gal

491. Given that specific gravity is 0.80, what does 285 US gal equal?
A) 862 kg
B) 1079 kg
C) 1033 kg
D) 803 kg

492. 430 ft/min equals approximately…

A) 2.9 m/s.
B) 3.7 m/s.
C) 1.3 m/s.
D) 2.2 m/s.

493. “An aircraft travels 2.9 statute miles in 43 seconds.What is its

groundspeed?”
A) 212 kt
B) 282 kt
C) 160 kt
D) 242 kt

494. The equivalent of 85 m/s is approximately…

A) 164 kt.
B) 275 kt.
C) 127 kt.
D) 136 kt.

495. “Given:Mach number .340Pressure Altitude = 9000 ftOAT = ISA &

15Calculate CAS:”
A) 212 kt
B) 200 kt
C) 223 kt
D) 191 kt

496. “Given:Mach number .34Pressure Altitude = 9000 ftOAT = ISA &

15Calculate TAS:”
A) 212 kt
B) 218 kt
C) 204 kt
D) 190 kt

497. “Given:TAS = 210 ktCAS = 190 ktPressure Altitude = 9000 ftCalculate

Mach number:”
A) 0.31
B) 0.28
C) 0.32
D) 0.34

498. “Given:CAS = 190 ktPressure Altitude = 9000 ftOAT = ISA & 15Calculate
Mach number:”
A) 0.34
B) 0.29
C) 0.27
D) 0.32

499. “Given:CAS = 190 ktPressure Altitude = 9000 ftOAT = ISA & 15?
CCalculate TAS:”
A) 170 kt
B) 179 kt
C) 202 kt
D) 211 kt

500. “Given the following, what is the True Airspeed &TAS&?Mach number:
0.63Pressure altitude: 22000 ftOAT:&32° C”
A) 404 kt
B) 427 kt
C) 370 kt
D) 380 kt

501. “What is the True Airspeed &TAS&, given the following:Calibrated

Airspeed &CAS&: 320 kt Pressure Altitude: 29000 ftOutside Air Temperature
&OAT&: &45° CCompressibility Factor: 0.95”
A) 496 kt
B) 504 kt
C) 479 kt
D) 484 kt

502. “Calculate the TAS and the Local Speed of Sound &LSS&
given:FL350Mach 0.80OAT &55° C.”
A) TAS 237 kt and LSS 296 kt
B) TAS 461 kt and LSS 296 kt
C) TAS 490 kt and LSS 461 kt
D) TAS 461 kt and LSS 576 kt

503. “Given the following information, what is the heading &M& and GS?
Required course: 045°&M&Variation: 15°EW/V: 190°&T&/30 ktCAS: 120 kt at FL
55 in standard atmosphere”
A) 056°&M& and 137 kt
B) 055°&M& and 147 kt
C) 036°&M& and 151 kt
D) 052°&M& and 154 kt

504. “Given the following information, what is the TAS?CAS: 120 ktFlight level:
FL80OAT: +20° C”
A) 132 kt
B) 102 kt
C) 141 kt
D) 120 kt
505. “Given the following information, what is the TAS of the aircraft when
flying at FL180?OAT: &30° CCAS: 150 kt”
A) 195 kt
B) 180 kt
C) 115 kt
D) 145 kt

506. “Given the following information, calculate the Mach number:TAS: 485
ktOAT: ISA +10° CFL410.”
A) 0.85
B) 0.60
C) 0.72
D) 0.89

507. “Given the following, what is the density altitude?Pressure altitude: 5500
feetStatic Air Temperature &SAT&: +33° C”
A) 6000 feet
B) 6500 feet
C) 5800 feet
D) 9000 feet

508. “Given the following, what is the true altitude?Indicated altitude: 11000
ftOAT &22° CQNH comes from a meteorology station at MSL”
A) 10400 ft
B) 12620 ft
C) 11630 ft
D) 9600 ft

509. “Given: M 0.80, OAT &50° C, FL 330, GS 490 kt, VAR 20°W,Magnetic
heading 140°, Drift is 11° Right. Calculate the true W/V?”
A) 200°/95 kt
B) 025°/47 kt
C) 025°/45 kt
D) 020°/95 kt

510. “Given: Compass Heading 090°, Deviation 2°W, Variation 12°E, TAS 160
kt.Whilst maintaining a radial 070° from a VOR station, the aircraft flies a
ground distance of 14 NM in 6 MIN. What is the W/V °&T&?”
A) 340°/25 kt
B) 160°/50 kt
C) 340°/98 kt
D) 155°/25 kt

511. “Given: TAS = 220 kt, Magnetic course = 212 ?, W/V 160 ?&M&/ 50
kt,Calculate the GS?”
A) 290 kt
B) 246 kt
C) 186 kt
D) 250 kt

512. “Given: Magnetic track = 315?, HDG = 301?&M&,VAR = 5?W,TAS = 225 kt,
The aircraft flies 50 NM in 12 MIN.Calculate the W/V&°T&?”
A) 195?/63 kt
B) 355?/15 kt
C) 190?/63 kt
D) 195?/61 kt

513. “Given: TAS = 440 kt,HDG &T& = 349°W/V = 040/40 kt. Calculate the drift
and GS?”
A) 5L & 385 kt
B) 2L & 420 kt
C) 4L & 415 kt
D) 6L & 395 kt

514. “During an approach the Flight Management Display indicates the

following values:Hdg = 270°TGS = 220 ktW/V = 240°/20 ktWhat is the value of
the Cross Wind Component and Track in this situation?”
A) 11 kt from the right and 273°
B) 11 kt from the right and 267°
C) 10 kt from the left and 267°
D) 10 kt from the left and 273°

515. “Before departure the ATIS at Buenos Aires airfield announces: Take Off
Runway: 35W/V: 050°/20&30 ktTemperature: +20° CQNH: 1000 hPaOn the
airport chart for Buenos Aires the direction of runway 35 is given as 347° and
the magnetic variation is 5°W.Calculate the maximum Cross Wind Component
for departure.”
A) 14 kt
B) 18 kt
C) 9 kt
D) 27 kt

516. “Calculate Wind Correction Angle &WCA& and GS using the following
data:True course: 353°W/V: 260/35TAS: 160 ktWCA and GS are:”
A) WCA 13°L, GS 158 kt.
B) WCA 12°L, GS 163 kt.
C) WCA 12°R, GS 166 kt.
D) WCA 13°R, GS 154 kt.

517. “Calculate the true heading and GS using the following data:True course:
188°W/V: 260/90TAS: 420 ktTrue heading and GS are:”
A) True heading 176°, GS 439 kt.
B) True heading 176°, GS 402 kt.
C) True heading 199°, GS 455 kt.
D) True heading 200°, GS 383 kt.

518. “Calculate the true track and the ground speed using the following
data:True heading: 254°TAS: 163 ktW/V: 130/30True track and GS are:”
A) True track 262°, GS 182 kt.
B) True track 244°, GS 149 kt.
C) True track 246°, GS 182 kt.
D) True track 264°, GS 149 kt.

519. “Given the following information, calculate the W/V:True track: 095°TAS:
160 ktTrue heading: 087°GS: 130 kt.”
A) 307°/36 kt
B) 124°/36 kt
C) 237°/36 kt
D) 057°/36 kt

520. “Calculate the GS if:True heading: 180°TAS: 500 kt W/V: 225°/100 kt”
A) 435 kt
B) 450 kt
C) 535 kt
D) 600 kt

521. “Calculate the W/V if:True heading: 310°TAS: 200 ktGS: 176 ktDrift angle:
7° right.”
A) 360° &T&/33 kt
B) 180° &T&/33 kt
C) 090° &T&/33 kt
D) 270° &T&/33 kt

522. “Calculate the W/V if:True heading: 090°TAS: 180 ktGS: 180 ktDrift: 5°
right.”
A) 190° &T&/15 kt
B) 185° &T&/15 kt
C) 355° &T&/15 kt
D) 005° &T&/15 kt

523. “Calculate the GS if:True heading: 090°TAS: 200 ktW/V: 220°/30 kt.”
A) 220 kt
B) 200 kt
C) 180 kt
D) 230 kt

524. “Calculate the W/V given the following outputs of the Inertial Navigation
System and the Air Data Computer:GS: 520 ktTrue heading: 090°Drift angle: 5°
rightTAS: 480 ktStatic Air Temperature &SAT&: &51° C.”
A) 320° &T&/60 kt
B) 220° &T&/60 kt
C) 325° &T&/60 kt
D) 225° &T&/60 kt

525. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 270 ktHeading: 270°&T&Wind velocity: 205°&T&/30 kt”
A) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 256 kt
B) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 259 kt
C) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 251 kt
D) Drift: 8°R, groundspeed: 259 kt

526. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 270 ktHeading: 145°&T&Wind velocity: 205°&T&/30 kt”
A) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 259 kt
B) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 256 kt
C) Drift: 8°R, groundspeed: 261 kt
D) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 251 kt

527. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 470 ktHeading: 317°&T&Wind velocity: 045°&T&/45 kt”
A) Drift: 3°R, groundspeed: 470 kt
B) Drift: 5°L, groundspeed: 470 kt
C) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 465 kt
D) Drift: 5°R, groundspeed: 475 kt

528. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 140 ktHeading: 302°&T&Wind velocity: 045°&T&/45 kt”
A) Drift: 18°R, groundspeed: 146 kt
B) Drift: 16°L, groundspeed: 156 kt
C) Drift: 18°L, groundspeed: 146 kt
D) Drift: 9°R, groundspeed: 143 kt

529. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 290 ktHeading: 171°&T&Wind velocity: 310°&T&/30 kt”
A) Drift: 4°R, groundspeed: 310 kt
B) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 314 kt
C) Drift: 4°R, groundspeed: 314 kt
D) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 310 kt

530. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 485 ktHeading: 226°&T&Wind velocity: 110°&T&/95 kt”
A) Drift: 8°L, groundspeed: 435 kt
B) Drift: 9°R, groundspeed: 533 kt
C) Drift: 7°R, groundspeed: 531 kt
D) Drift: 10°R, groundspeed: 520 kt
531. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and
groundspeed:TAS: 472 ktHeading: 005°&T&Wind velocity: 110°&T&/50 kt”
A) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 480 kt
B) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 490 kt
C) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 490 kt
D) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 462 kt

532. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 190 ktHeading: 085°&T&Wind velocity: 110°&T&/50 kt”
A) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 145 kt
B) Drift: 8°L, groundspeed: 146 kt
C) Drift: 7°L, groundspeed: 156 kt
D) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 143 kt

533. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 132 ktHeading: 257°&T&Wind velocity: 095°&T&/35 kt”
A) Drift: 4°R, groundspeed: 165 kt
B) Drift: 2°R, groundspeed: 166 kt
C) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 167 kt
D) Drift: 3°L, groundspeed: 166 kt

534. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 125 ktHeading: 355°&T&Wind velocity: 320°&T&/30 kt”
A) Track: 002, groundspeed: 98 kt
B) Track: 005°&T&, groundspeed: 102 kt
C) Track: 345, groundspeed: 100 kt
D) Track: 348, groundspeed: 102 kt

535. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 135 ktHeading: 278°&T&Wind velocity: 140°&T&/20 kt”
A) Track: 279°&T&, groundspeed: 152 kt
B) Track: 283°&T&, groundspeed: 150 kt
C) Track: 272°&T&, groundspeed: 121 kt
D) Track: 275°&T&, groundspeed: 150 kt

536. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 225 ktHeading: 123°&T&Wind velocity: 090°&T&/60 kt”
A) Track: 115°&T&, groundspeed: 172 kt
B) Track: 134°&T&, groundspeed: 178 kt
C) Track: 120°&T&, groundspeed: 190 kt
D) Track: 134°&T&, groundspeed: 188 kt

537. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 480 ktHeading: 040°&T&Wind velocity: 090°&T&/60 kt”
A) Track: 028°&T&, groundspeed: 415 kt
B) Track: 034°&T&, groundspeed: 445 kt
C) Track: 032°&T&, groundspeed: 425 kt
D) Track: 046°&T&, groundspeed: 435 kt

538. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 155 ktHeading: 216°&T&Wind velocity: 090°&T&/60 kt”
A) Track: 198°&T&, groundspeed: 182 kt
B) Track: 230°&T&, groundspeed: 196 kt
C) Track: 222°&T&, groundspeed: 181 kt
D) Track: 224°&T&, groundspeed: 175 kt

539. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 170 kt,Heading: 100°&T&Wind velocity: 350°&T&/30 kt”
A) Track: 091°&T&, groundspeed: 183 kt
B) Track: 109°&T&, groundspeed: 182 kt
C) Track: 103°&T&, groundspeed: 178 kt
D) Track: 098°&T&, groundspeed: 178 kt

540. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 235 ktHeading: 076°&T&Wind velocity: 040°&T&/40 kt”
A) Drift: 5°R, groundspeed: 207 kt
B) Drift: 7°R, groundspeed: 204 kt
C) Drift: 7°L, groundspeed: 269 kt
D) Drift: 5°L, groundspeed: 255 kt

541. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 465 ktHeading: 124°&T&Wind velocity: 170°&T&/80 kt”
A) Drift: 3°L, groundspeed: 415 kt
B) Drift: 8°L, groundspeed: 415 kt
C) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 400 kt
D) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 400 kt

542. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 95 ktHeading: 075°&T&Wind velocity: 310°&T&/20 kt”
A) Drift: 8°R, groundspeed: 104 kt
B) Drift: 9°R, groundspeed: 108 kt
C) Drift: 9°L, groundspeed: 105 kt
D) Drift: 10°L, groundspeed: 104 kt

543. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 140 ktHeading: 005°&T&Wind velocity: 265°&T&/25 kt”
A) Drift: 9°R, groundspeed: 140 kt
B) Drift: 10°R, groundspeed: 146 kt
C) Drift: 11°R, groundspeed: 142 kt
D) Drift: 11°R, groundspeed: 140 kt

544. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 190 ktHeading: 355°&T&Wind velocity: 165°&T&/25 kt”
A) Drift: 1°R, groundspeed: 165 kt
B) Drift: 1°L, groundspeed: 215 kt
C) Drift: 1°L, groundspeed: 225 kt
D) Drift: 1°R, groundspeed: 175 kt

545. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 230 ktHeading: 250°&T&Wind velocity: 205°&T&/10 kt”
A) Drift: 2°L, groundspeed: 224 kt
B) Drift: 2°R, groundspeed: 223 kt
C) Drift: 1°L, groundspeed: 225 kt
D) Drift: 1°R, groundspeed: 221 kt

546. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 205 ktHeading: 180°&T&Wind velocity: 240°&T&/25 kt”
A) Drift: 4°L, groundspeed: 195 kt
B) Drift: 6°L, groundspeed: 194 kt
C) Drift: 6°R, groundspeed: 192 kt
D) Drift: 3°L, groundspeed: 190 kt

547. “Given the following information, calculate the drift and

groundspeed:TAS: 250 ktHeading: 029°&T&Wind velocity: 035°&T&/45 kt”
A) Drift: 1°R, groundspeed: 295 kt
B) Drift: 1°L, groundspeed: 265 kt
C) Drift: 1°L, groundspeed: 205 kt
D) Drift: 1°R, groundspeed: 205 kt

548. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 132 ktHeading: 053°&T&Wind velocity: 205°&T&/15 kt”
A) Track: 052°&T&, groundspeed: 143 kt
B) Track: 050°&T&, groundspeed: 145 kt
C) Track: 057°&T&, groundspeed: 144 kt
D) Track: 051°&T&, groundspeed: 144 kt

549. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 90 ktHeading: 355°&T&Wind velocity: 120°&T&/20 kt”
A) Track: 359°&T&, groundspeed: 102 kt
B) Track: 346°&T&, groundspeed: 102 kt
C) Track: 358°&T&, groundspeed: 101 kt
D) Track: 006°&T&, groundspeed: 95 kt

550. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 485 ktHeading: 168°&T&Wind velocity: 130°&T&/75 kt”
A) Track: 173°&T&, groundspeed: 424 kt
B) Track: 175°&T&, groundspeed: 420 kt
C) Track: 174°&T&, groundspeed: 428 kt
D) Track: 175°&T&, groundspeed: 432 kt
551. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 155 ktTrack: 305°&T&Wind velocity: 160°&T&/18 kt”
A) Heading: 309°&T&, groundspeed: 141 kt
B) Heading: 301°&T&, groundspeed: 169 kt
C) Heading: 309°&T&, groundspeed: 170 kt
D) Heading: 305°&T&, groundspeed: 169 kt

552. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 130 ktTrack: 003°&T&Wind velocity: 190°&T&/40 kt”
A) Heading: 359°&T&, groundspeed: 166 kt
B) Heading: 001°&T&, groundspeed: 170 kt
C) Heading: 002°&T&, groundspeed: 173 kt
D) Heading: 357°&T&, groundspeed: 168 kt

553. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 465 ktTrack: 007°&T&Wind velocity: 300°&T&/80 kt”
A) Heading: 357°&T&, groundspeed: 502 kt
B) Heading: 017°&T&, groundspeed: 490 kt
C) Heading: 358°&T&, groundspeed: 428 kt
D) Heading: 001°&T&, groundspeed: 435 kt

554. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 200 ktTrack: 073°&T&Wind velocity: 210°&T&/20 kt”
A) Heading: 079°&T&, groundspeed: 211 kt
B) Heading: 077°&T&, groundspeed: 214 kt
C) Heading: 075°&T&, groundspeed: 213 kt
D) Heading: 077°&T&, groundspeed: 210 kt

555. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 200 ktTrack: 110°&T&Wind velocity: 015°&T&/40 kt”
A) Heading: 097°&T&, groundspeed: 201 kt
B) Heading: 099°&T&, groundspeed: 199 kt
C) Heading: 121°&T&, groundspeed: 199 kt
D) Heading: 121°&T&, groundspeed: 207 kt

556. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 270 ktTrack: 260°&T&Wind velocity: 275°&T&/30 kt”
A) Heading: 262°&T&, groundspeed: 241 kt
B) Heading: 262°&T&, groundspeed: 237 kt
C) Heading: 264°&T&, groundspeed: 241 kt
D) Heading: 264°&T&, groundspeed: 237 kt

557. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

307°&T&TAS: 230 ktTrack: 313°&T&GS: 210 kt”
A) 265°&T&/30 kt
B) 255°&T&/25 kt
C) 260°&T&/30 kt
D) 257°&T&/35 kt

558. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

233°&T&TAS: 480 ktTrack: 240°&T&GS: 523 kt”
A) 110°&T&/80 kt
B) 115°&T&/70 kt
C) 110°&T&/75 kt
D) 105°&T&/75 kt

559. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

206°&T&TAS: 140 ktTrack: 207°&T&GS: 135 kt”
A) 180°&T&/10 kt
B) 000°&T&/05 kt
C) 180°&T&/05 kt
D) 000°&T&/10 kt

560. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

054°&T&TAS: 450 ktTrack: 059°&T&GS: 416 kt”
A) 010°&T&/50 kt
B) 010°&T&/55 kt
C) 005°&T&/50 kt
D) 010°&T&/45 kt

561. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

145°&T&TAS: 240 ktTrack: 150°&T&GS: 210 kt”
A) 295°&T&/35 kt
B) 360°&T&/35 kt
C) 115°&T&/35 kt
D) 180°&T&/35 kt

562. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

002°&T&TAS: 130 ktTrack: 353°&T&GS: 132 kt”
A) 270°&T&/20 kt
B) 092°&T&/20 kt
C) 088°&T&/15 kt
D) 095°&T&/25 kt

563. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

035°&T&TAS: 245 ktTrack: 046°&T&GS: 220 kt”
A) 340°&T&/45 kt
B) 335°&T&/45 kt
C) 335°&T&/55 kt
D) 340°&T&/50 kt

564. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and flight
time:Course required: 085°&T&Forecast wind velocity: 030°&T&/100 ktTAS:
470 ktDistance: 265 NM”
A) Heading: 075°&T&, 39 MIN
B) Heading: 076°&T&, 34 MIN
C) Heading: 096°&T&, 29 MIN
D) Heading: 095°&T&, 31 MIN

565. “Given the following information, what is the cross wind component when
landing on runway 23?RWY centreline direction: &227°&M&ATIS reported wind
velocity: 180°/30 ktVAR: 13°E”
A) 15 kt
B) 22 kt
C) 26 kt
D) 20 kt

566. “Given the following information, calculate the maximum allowable wind
speed:Maximum allowable crosswind component: 20 ktRunway centreline
direction: 063°&M&Wind direction: 100°&M&”
A) 25 kt
B) 37 kt
C) 33 kt
D) 16 kt

567. “Given the following information, calculate the effective headwind

component:Runway direction 083°&M&Surface W/V 035°&M&/35 kt”
A) 27 kt
B) 23 kt
C) 31 kt
D) 34 kt

568. “For take&off an aircraft requires a headwind component of at least 10 kt

and has a cross wind limitation of 35 kt.If the angle between the wind direction
and the runway is 60°, what are the minimum and maximum allowable wind
speeds?”
A) 12 kt and 38 kt
B) 20 kt and 40 kt
C) 15 kt and 43 kt
D) 18 kt and 50 kt

569. “Given the following information, calculate the cross wind

component:Runway direction: 230°&T&Surface W/V: 280°&T&/40 kt”
A) 26 kt
B) 31 kt
C) 36 kt
D) 21 kt

570. “Given the following information, calculate the cross&wind

component:Runway direction 210°&M&Surface W/V: 230°&M&/30 kt”
A) 10 kt
B) 19 kt
C) 16 kt
D) 28 kt

571. “Given the following information, calculate the cross&wind

component:Runway direction: 305°&M&Surface W/V: 260°&M&/30 kt”
A) 18 kt
B) 24 kt
C) 21 kt
D) 27 kt

572. “If an aircraft flies 48 NM in 10 minutes, what is the W/V, given the
following information?Track: 075°&M&HDG: 066°&M&VAR: 11°ETAS: 275 kt”
A) 335°&T&/45 kt
B) 320°&T&/50 kt
C) 210°&T&/15 kt
D) 180°&T&/45 kt

573. “If an aircraft flies 64 NM in 12 minutes, what is the true W/V, given the
following information:Track: 210°&M&HDG: 215°&M&VAR: 15°ETAS: 360 kt”
A) 300°&T&/30 kt
B) 235°&T&/50 kt
C) 265°&T&/50 kt
D) 195°&T&/50 kt

574. “An aircraft is on final approach to runway 32R &QDM 322°&.Calculate the
aircraft’s heading in order to maintain the centreline, given the following
information:TAS: 95 ktW/V reported by the tower: 350°/20 kt”
A) 326°&M&
B) 316°&M&
C) 328°&M&
D) 322°&M&

575. “Given:Half way between two reporting points the navigation log gives the
following information:TAS: 360 ktW/V: 330°&T&/80 ktCompass heading:
237°Deviation on this heading: &5°Variation: 19°WWhat is the average ground
speed for this leg?”
A) 360 kt
B) 354 kt
C) 373 kt
D) 403 kt

576. “Given the following information, calculate the track and

groundspeed:Heading: 265°TAS: 290 ktW/V: 210°/35 kt”
A) 271° and 272 kt
B) 259° and 272 kt
C) 260° and 315 kt
D) 259° and 305 kt

577. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:True track:
239°True heading: 229°TAS: 555 ktGroundspeed: 577 kt”
A) 130°&T&/100 kt
B) 300°&T&/100 kt
C) 165°&T&/100 kt
D) 310°&T&/100 kt

578. Calculate the GS and drift angle given that an aircraft is following a true
track of 048° at a constant TAS of 210 kt with a wind velocity of 350°&T&/30 kt.
A) 192 kt and 7° left
B) 225 kt and 7° left
C) 192 kt and 7° right
D) 200 kt and 3.5° right

579. Calculate the crosswind component for runway 30, QDM 300°, if the
reported surface wind from the Control Tower is 240°/35 kt.
A) 24 kt
B) 18 kt
C) 30 kt
D) 21 kt

580. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 375 ktHeading: 124°&T&Wind velocity: 130°&T&/55 kt”
A) Track: 126°&T&, groundspeed: 320 kt
B) Track: 125°&T&, groundspeed: 325 kt
C) Track: 125°&T&, groundspeed: 316 kt
D) Track: 123°&T&, groundspeed: 320 kt

581. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 198 ktHeading: 180°&T&Wind velocity: 359°&T&/25 kt”
A) Track: 179°&T&, groundspeed: 225 kt
B) Track: 181°&T&, groundspeed: 180 kt
C) Track: 180°&T&, groundspeed: 173 kt
D) Track: 180°&T&, groundspeed: 223 kt

582. “Given the following information, calculate the heading &°T& and
groundspeed:TAS: 227 ktTrack: 316°&T&Wind velocity: 205°&T&/15 kt”
A) Heading: 312°&T&, groundspeed: 232 kt
B) Heading: 310°&T&, groundspeed: 228 kt
C) Heading: 310°&T&, groundspeed: 230 kt
D) Heading: 314°&T&, groundspeed: 235 kt

583. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

133°&T&TAS: 225 ktTrack: 144°&T&GS: 206 kt”
A) 075°&T&/45 kt
B) 070°&T&/50 kt
C) 070°&T&/40 kt
D) 075°&T&/50 kt

584. “Given the following information, calculate the true track and
groundspeed:TAS: 370 kt,Heading: 181°&T&Wind velocity: 095°&T&/35 kt”
A) Track: 176°&T&, groundspeed: 370 kt
B) Track: 192°&T&, groundspeed: 375 kt
C) Track: 186°&T&, groundspeed: 370 kt
D) Track: 189°&T&, groundspeed: 375 kt

585. “Given the following information, calculate the wind velocity:HDG:

074°&T&TAS: 230 ktTrack: 066°&T&GS: 242 kt”
A) 180°&T&/40 kt
B) 185°&T&/35 kt
C) 180°&T&/35 kt
D) 180°&T&/30 kt

586. “Given the following information, calculate the cross wind

component:HDG: 080°&T&TAS: 250 ktTrack: 090°&T&GS: 280 kt”
A) 49 kt from the left
B) 43 kt from the right
C) 43 kt from the left
D) 49 kt from the right

587. “Given the following information, what is the maximum allowable wind
speed that can be accepted without exceeding the tailwind limit?Maximum
allowable tailwind component for landing: 10 ktPlanned runway: 05
&047°&M&&Surface wind direction reported by ATIS: 210°VAR: 17°E”
A) 18 kt
B) 10 kt
C) 8 kt
D) 15 kt

588. “Calculate the drift angle if:Magnetic heading: 255°Variation: 40°WGS: 375
ktW/V: 235° &T&/120 kt”
A) 6° left
B) 6° right
C) 9° left
D) 3° left

589. “An aircraft approaches runway 24 of Ryan airfield. The tower gives a
wind of 260°/26 kt.The magnetic variation is 12°E. According to the airport
chart the direction of runway 24 is 238°.Calculate the head/tailwind
component.”
A) 28 kt tailwind
B) 24 kt headwind
C) 24 kt tailwind
D) 28 kt headwind

590. “Given: Hdg 230°TGS 340 ktW/V 270° / 40 ktCalculate the Track and TAS.”
A) Track = 234°, TAS = 371 kt
B) Track = 234°, TAS = 308 kt
C) Track = 226° ,TAS = 370 kt
D) Track = 225°, TAS = 310 kt

591. The main purpose of DR navigation is to…

A) monitor an Inertial Navigation System.
B) obtain, with reasonable accuracy, the aircraft’s position between fixes or in the absence of
fixes.
C) obtain, with reasonable accuracy, the aircrafts position between IRS fixes.
D) improve the accuracy of GPS positions.

592. Plotting positions in charts by Dead Reckoning &DR& may be required…

A) during a flight over sea using INS/IRS and GPS navigation.
B) during a flight with limited equipment and few navigational aids.
C) when any of the radio&navigation, INS or GPS sources are unavailable.
D) in areas with high densities of airways and navigation aids.

593. “Given the following information, what is a suitable altitude for turning to
the final? Distance to the threshold: 4 NM Threshold elevation: 700 ft
Approach angle: 3°”
A) 1900 ft
B) 1200 ft
C) 500 ft
D) 3000 ft

594. During a visual flight, a useful method for a pilot to resolve any
uncertainty in the aircraft’s position is to maintain visual contact with the
ground and…
A) set the heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, motorway, river or railway.
B) fly reverse headings and associated timings until the point of departure is regained.
C) fly expanding circles until a pinpoint is obtained.
D) fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a pinpoint is
obtained.

595. “Given the following information, what is the true altitude of the aircraft?
Flight level overhead an airport: FL150Airport elevation: 720 ftAirport QNH:
1003 hPaOAT at FL150: &5° C”
A) 14 720 ft
B) 15 300 ft
C) 14 160 ft
D) 15 840 ft
596. “Five minutes after take&off from the aerodrome of BRIOUDE, an aircraft
passes 5000 ft on the QFE. At the same time, what would be the approximate
indication on the second altimeter set to 1013 hPa, given the following
information for BRIOUDE?Elevation: 1483 ftQFE: 963 hPaTemperature: 32° C”
A) 3500 ft
B) 6800 ft
C) 6500 ft
D) 4000 ft

597. An aircraft is flying at FL150, with an outside air temperature of &30°,

above an airport where the elevation is 1660 ft and the QNH is 993 hPa.
Calculate the true altitude.
A) 15210 ft
B) 17160 ft
C) 14120 ft
D) 13660 ft

598. “An aircraft is flying at FL250. The OAT = ISA + 5° C, The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 3000 ft is 1000 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the True
Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 19000 ft
B) 24200 ft
C) 25100 ft
D) 18200 ft

599. “Given the following information, what is the approximate airport

pressure altitude?Airport elevation: 1000 ftQNH: 988 hPa”
A) 250 ft
B) 1750 ft
C) 320 ft
D) 680 ft

600. “An aircraft is flying at FL200. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1300 ft, is 998.2 hPa. OAT = & 40? C.The elevation of the
highest obstacle along the route is 8000 ft.Calculate the aircraft’s approximate
clearance above the highest obstacle on this route.”
A) 11800 ft
B) 9200 ft
C) 10500 ft
D) 20200 ft

601. “Given:An aircraft is flying at FL100, OAT = ISA & 15? C. The QNH, given
by a meteorological station with an elevation of 100 ft below MSL is 1032 hPa.1
hPa = 27 ftCalculate the approximate True Altitude of this aircraft.”
A) 11200 ft
B) 9400 ft
C) 10600 ft
D) 9900 ft

602. “An aircraft is flying at FL250, OAT = & 45° C. The QNH, given by a station
at MSL, is 993.2 hPa.Calculate the approximate True Altitude.”
A) 24000 ft
B) 25500 ft
C) 23400 ft
D) 26100 ft

603. “The QNH, given by a station at 2500 ft, is 980 hPa. The elevation of the
highest obstacle along a route is 8000 ft and the OAT = ISA &10° C.When an
aircraft on route has to descend the minimum indicated altitude &QNH on the
subscale of the altimeter& to maintain a clearance of 2000 ft, will be…”
A) 11200 ft.
B) 9700 ft.
C) 10000 ft.
D) 10400 ft.

604. “An aircraft flies at FL 250. OAT = & 45° C. The QNH, given by a
meteorological station with an elevation of 2830 ft, is 1033 hPa.Calculate the
clearance above a mountain ridge with an elevation of 20410 ft.”
A) 3500 ft
B) 4200 ft
C) 4600 ft
D) 3000 ft

605. “An aircraft is flying at FL 200. OAT = 0° C. When the actual air pressure
on an airfield at MSL is placed in the subscale of the altimeter the indicated
altitude is 19300 ft.Calculate the aircraft’s true altitude.”
A) 19300 ft
B) 21200 ft
C) 20700 ft
D) 20200 ft

606. “An aircraft is flying at FL100. The OAT = ISA &15° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 3000 ft is 1035 hPa.Calculate the approximate True
Altitude.”
A) 10000 ft
B) 10200 ft
C) 9600 ft
D) 7200 ft

607. “An aircraft has to fly over a mountain ridge. The highest obstacle,
indicated in the navigation chart, has an elevation of 9800 ft. The QNH, given
by a meteorological station at an elevation of 6200 ft, is 1022 hPa. The OAT =
ISA +5? C.Calculate the approximate indicated altitude to obtain a clearance of
2000 ft.”
A) 11200 ft.
B) 11100 ft.
C) 11700 ft.
D) 12000 ft.

608. “An aircraft is flying at FL300. The OAT = ISA +15° C, The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 3000 ft is 1020 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the True
Altitude &rounded to hundreds of feet&.”
A) 26000 ft
B) 28500 ft
C) 31900 ft
D) 22500 ft

609. “An aircraft is flying at FL100. The OAT = ISA &10° C, The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 2000 ft is 1020 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the True
Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 6500 ft
B) 5900 ft
C) 9900 ft
D) 10500 ft

610. “An aircraft is flying at FL150. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1500 ft is 1010 hPa. OAT = & 25? C. The highest obstacle
along the route is 7000 ft.Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the aircrafts clearance
above the highest obstacle on this route &rounded off in hundreds of feet&.”
A) 8500 ft
B) 7400 ft
C) 4400 ft
D) 5500 ft

611. “An aircraft is flying at FL110. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1500 ft is 1020 hPa. OAT = &10? C. The highest obstacle
along the route is 7000 ft.Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the aircrafts clearance
above the highest obstacle on this route &rounded off in hundreds of feet&.”
A) 4300 ft
B) 1300 ft
C) 4100 ft
D) 1100 ft

612. “An aircraft is flying at FL150. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1500 ft is 1000 hPa. OAT = & 40? C. The highest obstacle
along the route is 8000 ft.Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the aircrafts clearance
above the highest obstacle on this route &rounded off in hundreds of feet&.”
A) 2300 ft
B) 5300 ft
C) 8000 ft
D) 5000 ft
613. “An aircraft is flying at FL300. The OAT = ISA +15° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation of 3000 ft is 1020 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the
True Altitude &rounded to hundreds of feet&.”
A) 22500 ft
B) 26000 ft
C) 31900 ft
D) 28500 ft

614. “An aircraft is flying at FL200. The OAT = ISA +10° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 1000 ft is 1010 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the True
Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 17200 ft
B) 18600 ft
C) 19200 ft
D) 20700 ft

615. “An aircraft is flying at FL150. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1500 ft is 1000 hPa. OAT = & 40? C. The highest obstacle
along the route is 8000 ft.Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the aircraft’s clearance
above the highest obstacle on this route &rounded off in hundreds of feet&.”
A) 5000 ft
B) 5300 ft
C) 8000 ft
D) 2300 ft

616. “An aircraft is flying at FL200. The OAT = ISA +10° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation 1000 ft is 1010 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the True
Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 17200 ft
B) 18600 ft
C) 20700 ft
D) 19200 ft

617. “An aircraft is flying at FL250. The OAT = ISA +5° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation of 3000 ft is 1000 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the
True Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 18200 ft
B) 25100 ft
C) 24200 ft
D) 19000 ft

618. “An aircraft is flying at FL120. The OAT = ISA &15° C. The QNH given by a
station at an elevation of 2500 ft is 995 hPa. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the
True Altitude &rounded to 100 ft&.”
A) 11000 ft
B) 7000 ft
C) 5900 ft
D) 12000 ft

619. “An aircraft is flying at FL100. The QNH, given by a meteorological station
at an elevation of 1500 ft, is 990 hPa. OAT = 0? C. The highest obstacle along
the route is 5000 ft. Use 1 hPa = 30 ft.Calculate the aircraft’s clearance above
the highest obstacle on this route &rounded off in hundreds of feet&.”
A) 1200 ft
B) 4200 ft
C) 4500 ft
D) 1400 ft

620. “Given the following information, what is the TAS?Pressure altitude: 9000
ftOAT: &32° CCAS: 200 kt”
A) 210 kt
B) 212 kt
C) 216 kt
D) 200 kt

621. “Given the following, what is the Mach number?True Airspeed &TAS&:
488 ktPressure altitude: 32000 feetOutside Air Temperature &OAT&: ISA +15°
C”
A) 0.81 M
B) 0.83 M
C) 0.74 M
D) 0.87 M

622. “Given the following information, calculate the Mach number:TAS: 487
ktFL 330Temperature: ISA + 15°.”
A) 0.81
B) 0.78
C) 0.76
D) 0.84

623. “Calculate the Mach number, given the following:TAS: 455 ktOAT: &40° C”
A) 0.77
B) 0.73
C) 0.81
D) 0.75

624. “Given the following information, what is the Mach number?FL25OAT:

&15? CTAS: 250 kt.”
A) 0.39
B) 0.42
C) 0.40
D) 0.44
625. A ground feature appears 30° to the left of the centre line of the CRT of an
airborne weather radar. If the heading of the aircraft is 355° &M& and the
magnetic variation is 15° East, the true bearing of the aircraft from the feature
is:
A) 310°
B) 220°
C) 130°
D) 160°

626. “During a low level flight two parallel roads are crossed at right angles by
an aircraft. What can the time taken between the road crossing be used to
check?”
A) drift
B) position
C) groundspeed
D) track

627. “An aircraft is at position &53?N, 006?W& and has a landmark at position
&52?47’N, 004?45’W&, with a relative bearing of 060?.Given:Compass Heading
= 051?Variation = 16?WDeviation = 2?EWhat is the true bearing of the position
line to be plotted from the landmark to the aircraft on a Lambert chart with
standard parallels at 37?N and 65?N?”
A) 278?
B) 277?s
C) 276?
D) 250?

628. When wanting to check flight progress by observation of a single visual

position line &e.g. a canal& the latter must be
A) curved across the track.
B) oblique to the track.
C) more or less parallel to the track.
D) more or less perpendicular to the track.

629. “Which of the factors named hereafter should be considered by the pilot
when selecting landmarks as visual reference points? 1. Possibility of
identification2. Transmitted frequency3. Visibility4. Closeness to the track”
A) 2, 3 and 4
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 2 and 3
D) 1, 3 and 4

630. A visual check point

A) is a distinct point which is easily visually identifiable on the terrain as well as on the chart.
B) is a land mark or feature visible to both, the radar and the naked eye.
C) is a point used to establish the horizontal visibility or the runway visual range.
D) is a reference point which may not be used when proceeding on an instrument flight plan.
631. Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points…
A) of equal latitude.
B) having the same longitude.
C) with the same variation.
D) having the same elevation.

632. “An island appears 45° to the right of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.What
is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation
the aircraft was on a magnetic heading &MH& of 215° with the magnetic
variation &VAR& 21°W?”
A) 059°&T&
B) 101°&T&
C) 329°&T&
D) 239°&T&

633. “An island appears 30° to the right of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.What
is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation
the aircraft was on a magnetic heading &MH& of 355° with the magnetic
variation &VAR& 15°E?”
A) 130°&T&
B) 160°&T&
C) 190°&T&
D) 220°&T&

634. “An island is observed 15° to the left of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.The
aircraft heading is 120°&M& and the magnetic variation 17°W.What is the true
bearing of the aircraft from the island?”
A) 268°&T&
B) 302°&T&
C) 122°&T&
D) 088°&T&

635. “An island is observed to be 15° to the left of the aircraft’s longitudinal
axis.The aircraft heading is 120°&M&, variation 17°&W&.The true bearing from
the aircraft to the island is…”
A) 268°&T&.
B) 122°&T&.
C) 302°&T&.
D) 088°&T&.

636. “An island appears 60° to the left of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.What is
the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the
aircraft was on a magnetic heading &MH& of 276° with the magnetic variation
&VAR& 10°E?”
A) 046°&T&
B) 026°&T&
C) 226°&T&
D) 086°&T&

637. “An island appears 30° to the left of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.What is
the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the
aircraft was on a magnetic heading &MH& of 020° with the magnetic variation
&VAR& 25°W?”
A) 145°&T&
B) 205°&T&
C) 325°&T&
D) 195°&T&

638. “An island appears 30° to the left of the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.What is
the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the
aircraft was on a magnetic heading of 276° with the magnetic variation 12°W?”
A) 038°&T&
B) 054°&T&
C) 234°&T&
D) 318°&T&

639. “An island is observed to be 30° to the right of the aircraft’s longitudinal
axis.The aircraft heading is 290°&M&, variation 10°&E&.The bearing from the
aircraft to the island is…”
A) 330°&T&.
B) 310°&T&.
C) 270°&T&.
D) 250°&T&.

640. “An aircraft is making a VFR flight under freezing conditions after recent
heavy snow fall.Which of the following land marks will provide the most
reliable reference?”
A) A high&tension power line &with towers&.
B) A railway track &without an overhead line&.
C) A country road.
D) A river.

641. “The departure airfield is at 2000 ft elevation.Temperature at the field is

+20° C, QNH = 1013 hPaThe plan is to climb to FL 290, where outside air
temperature is &40° C. The average TAS in the climb should be calculated
using what FL and temperature?”
A) FL 290 with temperature &40° C
B) FL 180 with temperature &20° C
C) FL 155 with temperature &10° C
D) FL 200 with temperature &20° C

642. “The departure is from an airfield at 2000 ft elevation.Temperature at the

field is +20° C, QNH = 1013 hPaThe plan is to climb to FL 290, outside air
temperature is &40° C.The CAS in the climb is 180 kt. Compressibility
negligible.The average TAS in the climb is”
A) 228 kt
B) 238 kt
C) 289 kt
D) 249 kt

643. “An aircraft descends from FL 220 to FL 40 for the final approach. CAS =
220 kt. OAT = ISA +10° C.The average TAS in the descent is?”
A) 273 kt
B) 305 kt
C) 268 kt
D) 263 kt

644. “An aircraft descends from FL 240 to FL 80 for the final approach. Track =
070°. CAS = 220 kt. The outside air temperature = ISA & 10° C.The average TAS
in the descent is?”
A) 282 kt
B) 288 kt
C) 276 kt
D) 268 kt

645. “The departure is from an airfield at 2000 ft elevation. Temperature is 0° C,

QNH = 1013 hPaThe plan is to climb to FL 320, outside air temperature is &60°
C.CAS in the climb is 200 kt. Compressibility negligible.The average TAS in the
climb is”
A) 276 kt
B) 331 kt
C) 289 kt
D) 244 kt

646. “For descent performance calculations, which altitude is used as a

reference to calculate the average TAS through the descent?The altitude that
is…”
A) half way between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude.
B) two thirds of the way between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude.
C) one third of the way between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude.
D) the final descent altitude.

647. “For climb performance calculations, which altitude is used as a reference

to calculate the average TAS through the climb?The altitude that is…”
A) one third of the climb between take&off and cruise altitudes.
B) half of the climb between take&off and cruise altitudes.
C) two thirds of the climb between take&off and cruise altitudes.
D) the final cruising altitude.

648. “During approach the following data are obtained:DME 12.0 NM, altitude
3000 ftDME 9.8 NM, altitude 2400 ftTAS = 160 kt, GS = 125 ktThe rate of descent
is:”
A) 730 ft/min
B) 570 ft/min
C) 600 ft/min
D) 700 ft/min

649. “An aircraft descends from flight level 180 to ground level. In the table the
W/V at various flight levels in the area are given.FL W/Vground level 260°/25
kt30 270°/30 kt60 270°/35 kt 90 270°/40 kt120 280°/50 kt150 285°/55 kt180
290°/55 ktWhich W/V should be used to solve descent problems e.g. the
calculation of the GS from TAS and the Track in descent?”
A) 275°/40 kt
B) 280°/50 kt
C) 270°/35 kt
D) 270°/40 kt

650. “An aircraft climbs from ground level to a cruising flight level of 180 with
a constant TAS of 220 kt. The Track in climb is 080°. In the table the W/V at
various flight levels in the area are given.FL W/V ground level 260°/25 kt, 30
270°/30 kt, 60 270°/35 kt, 90 270°/40 kt, 120 280°/50 kt, 150 285°/55 kt, 180
290°/55 ktCalculate the average GS in climb”
A) 273 kt
B) 266 kt
C) 254 kt
D) 259 kt

651. “An aircraft climbs from ground level to a cruising flight level of 180. In
the table the W/V at various flight levels in the area are given.FL W/V ground
level 260°/25 kt, 30 270°/30 kt, 60 270°/35 kt, 90 270°/40 kt, 120 280°/50 kt, 150
285°/55 kt, 180 290°/55 ktWhich W/V should be used to solve climb problems
e.g. the calculation of the GS from TAS and the Track in climb”
A) 275°/40 kt
B) 270°/40 kt
C) 280°/50 kt
D) 270°/35 kt

652. When climbing with constant CAS

A) both TAS and Mach number will increase.
B) TAS will increase but Mach number will decrease.
C) TAS will decrease but Mach number will increase.
D) both TAS and Mach number will decrease.

653. “For descent planning from 15 000 feet MSL to 3 000 feet MSL, a glide
path angle of 3° shall be flown. The ground speed at 15 000 feet is 180 kt, the
ground speed at 3 000 feet is 150 kt. To maintain a glide path angle of 3°, the
rate of descent will:”
A) Be constant 900 ft/min.
B) Be constant 750 ft/min.
C) Decrease from 900 ft/min to 750 ft/min.
D) Be constant 825 ft/min.

654. What is the effect on the Mach number and TAS in an aircraft that is
climbing with constant CAS under ISA conditions and below the tropopause?
A) “Mach number increases
B) TAS increases”
C) “Mach number increases
D) TAS remains constant”

655. “Given the following information, calculate the approximate rate of

descent:TAS: 197 ktTrue course: 240°&T&W/V: 180/30 ktDescent is initiated at
FL 220 and completed at FL 40Distance to be covered during descent: 39 NM”
A) 1500 ft/min
B) 1400 ft/min
C) 950 ft/min
D) 800 ft/min

656. “Given the following information, calculate the groundspeed during the
descent:W/V at TOD at FL130: 280°/45 ktW/V at arrival aerodrome at 1000 ft
AMSL: 230°/15 ktAverage track during descent: 220°ISA conditionsDescent
speed: 170 kt IAS”
A) 213 kt
B) 189 kt
C) 163 kt
D) 146 kt

657. “Given the following information, calculate the groundspeed during the
descent:W/V at TOD at FL100: 260°/50 ktW/V at arrival aerodrome at MSL:
200°/20 ktAverage track after TOD: 190°ISA conditionsDescent speed: 150 kt
IAS”
A) 145 kt
B) 135 kt
C) 162 kt
D) 122 kt

658. “An aircraft descends from flight level 180 to ground level with a constant
TAS of 220 kt.The TT in descent is 080°. The W/V at various flight levels in the
area are given below.FL W/Vground level 260°/25 kt30 270°/30 kt60 270°/35 kt90
270°/40 kt120 280°/50 kt150 285°/55 kt180 290°/55 ktCalculate the average GS in
descent.”
A) 273 kt
B) 254 kt
C) 266 kt
D) 259 kt

659. Assuming zero wind, what distance will be covered by an aircraft

descending 15000 ft with a TAS of 320 kt and maintaining a rate of descent of
3000 ft/min?
A) 19.2 NM
B) 38.4 NM
C) 26.7 NM
D) 16.0 NM

660. “An aircraft at FL350 is required to descend to cross a DME facility at

FL80. Maximum rate of descent is 1800 FT/MIN and mean GS for descent is 276
kt. The minimum range from the DME at which descent should start is:”
A) 79 NM
B) 49 NM
C) 69 NM
D) 59 NM

661. “An aircraft at FL390 is required to descend to cross a DME facility at

FL70. Maximum rate of descent is 2500 FT/MIN, mean GS during descent is 248
kt. What is the minimum range from the DME at which descent should
commence?”
A) 68 NM
B) 53 NM
C) 58 NM
D) 63 NM

662. An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a

VOR and to cross the facility at FL130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288 kt,
the minimum rate of descent required is…
A) 860 ft/min.
B) 890 ft/min.
C) 960 ft/min.
D) 920 ft/min.

663. “An aircraft at FL350 is required to cross a VOR/DME facility at FL110 and
to commence descent when 100 NM from the facility.If the mean GS for the
descent is 335 kt, the minimum rate of descent required is…”
A) 1290 ft/min.
B) 1390 ft/min.
C) 1340 ft/min.
D) 1240 ft/min.

664. “An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent when 100 NM from
a DME facility, and to cross the station at FL120. The mean GS during the
descent is 396 kt.What is approximately the minimum rate of descent
required?”
A) 2400 ft/min
B) 1000 ft/min
C) 1650 ft/min
D) 1550 ft/min
665. “At 04:22 UTC an aircraft is at a range of 185 NM tracking towards
VOR/DME ‘X’ at FL370, GS 320 kt.If the aircraft is required to cross VOR/DME
‘X’ at FL80, what will be the latest time at which to commence descent, with a
mean rate of descent of 1800 ft/min at a mean GS of 232 kt?”
A) 04:54 UTC
B) 04:48 UTC
C) 04:51 UTC
D) 04:45 UTC

666. “An aircraft at FL330 is required to commence descent when 65 NM from

a VOR and to cross the VOR at FL100.The mean GS during the descent is 330
kt.What is the minimum rate of descent required?”
A) 1950 ft/min
B) 1650 ft/min
C) 1750 ft/min
D) 1850 ft/min

667. “An aircraft at FL290 is required to commence descent when 50 NM from

a VOR and to cross that VOR at FL80.Mean GS during descent is 271 kt.What
is the minimum rate of descent required?”
A) 2000 ft/min
B) 1900 ft/min
C) 1700 ft/min
D) 1800 ft/min

668. “An aircraft at FL350 is required to commence descent when 85 NM from

a VOR and to cross the VOR at FL80.The mean GS for the descent is 340
kt.What is the minimum rate of descent required?”
A) 1700 ft/min
B) 1800 ft/min
C) 1900 ft/min
D) 1600 ft/min

669. “An aircraft at FL360 is required to descend to FL120. The aircraft should
reach FL120 at 40 NM from the next waypoint. The rate of descent is 2000
ft/min. The average GS is 420 kt.What is the minimum distance from the next
waypoint at which descent should start?”
A) 124 NM
B) 166 NM
C) 88 NM
D) 236 NM

670. “An aircraft is departing from an airport which has an elevation of 2000 ft
and the QNH is 1003 hPa. The TAS is 100 kt, the head wind component is 20 kt
and the rate of climb is 1000 ft/min. Top of climb is FL 050.At what distance
from the airport will this be achieved?”
A) 5.4 NM
B) 3.6 NM
C) 4.4 NM
D) 4.0 NM

671. “An aircraft is departing from an airport which has an elevation of 2000 ft
and the QNH is 1003 hPa. The TAS is 100 kt, the head wind component is 20 kt
and the rate of climb is 500 ft/min. Top of climb is FL 050.At what distance
from the airport will this be achieved?”
A) 8.8 NM
B) 7.2 NM
C) 10.8 NM
D) 6.6 NM

672. “An aircraft is departing from an airport which has an elevation of 2000 ft
and the QNH is 1003 hPa. The TAS is 100 kt, the head wind component is 20 kt
and the rate of climb is 1000 ft/min. Top of climb is FL 100.At what distance
from the airport will this be achieved?”
A) 15.4 NM
B) 10.3 NM
C) 11.1 NM
D) 13.3 NM

673. “An aircraft is departing from an airport which has an elevation of 2000 ft
and the QNH is 1023 hPa. The TAS is 100 kt, the head wind component is 20 kt
and the rate of climb is 1000 ft/min. Top of climb is FL 100.At what distance
from the airport will this be achieved?”
A) 11.1 NM
B) 10.3 NM
C) 13.3 NM
D) 16.6 NM

674. “An aircraft is departing from an airport which has an elevation of 2000 ft.
The QNH is 1013 hPa.10 NM away there is a waypoint the aircraft is required to
pass at an altitude of 7500 ft.Given a groundspeed of 100 kt, what is the
minimum rate of climb?”
A) 1080 ft/min
B) 920 ft/min
C) 590 ft/min
D) 750 ft/min

675. “You are departing from an airport which has an elevation of 1500 ft. The
QNH is 1003 hPa.15 NM away there is a waypoint you are required to pass at
an altitude of 7500 ft.Given a groundspeed of 120 kt, what is the minimum rate
of climb?”
A) 800 ft/min
B) 870 ft/min
C) 730 ft/min
D) 530 ft/min

676. “Given: A descending aircraft flies in a straight line to a DME.DME 55.0

NM, altitude 33000 ftDME 43.9 NM, altitude 30500 ftM = 0.72, GS = 525 kt, OAT =
ISAThe descent gradient is:”
A) 3.9&
B) 3.7&
C) 4.1&
D) 3.5&

677. “An aircraft descends from FL250 to FL100.The rate of descent is 1000
ft/min, the groundspeed is 360 kt.The flight path angle is:”
A) 3.2°
B) 2.4°
C) 1.6°
D) 2.8°

678. “For descent planning from FL 120 to 3000 feet MSL, the ground distance
available is 25 NM. Calculate the gradient of the descent.The gradient of the
descent is:”
A) 6.0 &.
B) 6.5 &.
C) 3.6 &.
D) 3.3 &.

679. “An aircraft descends from FL250 to FL100.The rate of descent is 1000
ft/min, the groundspeed is 360 kt.The flight path angle is:”
A) 2.8°
B) 3.2°
C) 1.6°
D) 2.4°

680. “Which formula about gradient &in && is correct?Gradient in & =…”
A) &altitude difference x 100& / ground distance
B) Arctg &altitude difference / ground distance&
C) ground difference / &altitude difference x 100&
D) &rate of climb or descent& x ground speed

681. “Given the following, calculate the climb gradient &&&:Rate Of Climb: 740
ft/minTAS: 200 ktHeadwind: 15 kt”
A) 2.5 &
B) 3.4 &
C) 4 &
D) 3.7 &

682. An aircraft is maintaining a 5.2 & gradient above flat terrain and is 7 NM
from the runway. Calculate the aircraft’s approximate height.
A) 2210 ft
B) 1890 ft
C) 3640 ft
D) 680 ft

683. “An aircraft is descending down a 6 & slope whilst maintaining a GS of

300 kt.What is the aircraft’s approximate rate of descent?”
A) 10800 ft/min
B) 3600 ft/min
C) 900 ft/min
D) 1800 ft/min

684. The outer marker of an ILS with a 3° glide slope is located 4.6 NM from the
threshold. Assuming a glide slope height of 50 ft above the threshold, the
approximate height of an aircraft passing the outer marker is…
A) 1380 ft.
B) 1300 ft.
C) 1330 ft.
D) 1450 ft.

685. “Given the following information, at what approximate distance from

threshold can you expect to capture the GP?Aircraft height: 2500 ftILS GP
angle: 3°”
A) 7.0 NM
B) 14.5 NM
C) 13.1 NM
D) 8.2 NM

686. “Given:ILS GP angle: 3.5 deg,GS: 150 kt.What is the approximate rate of
descent?”
A) 1000 ft/min
B) 900 ft/min
C) 700 ft/min
D) 800 ft/min

687. “For this question use Jeppesen chart E &LO&1AAn aircraft is proceeding
from WICK VOR &58°27.6’N, 003°05.9’W& to SOLA VOR &58°52.5’N,
005°38.4’E&. Its ground speed is 218 kt. 27 min. after having passed WICK the
DR&position is &58°30’N, 000°00’E/W&.The heading correction to be applied to
proceed straight to SOLA is”
A) 9° to the left.
B) 15° to the left
C) 6° to the left.
D) 3° to the left

688. “An aircraft at FL310, M0.83, temperature &30° C, is required to reduce

speed in order to cross a reporting point five minutes later than planned.
Assuming that a zero wind component remains unchanged, when 360 NM from
the reporting point Mach Number should be reduced to:”
A) M0.80
B) M0.74
C) M0.76
D) M0.78

689. “An aircraft at FL370, M0.86, OAT &44° C, headwind component 110 kt, is
required to reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 MIN later than
planned. If the speed reduction were to be made 420 NM from the reporting
point, what Mach Number is required?”
A) M0.73
B) M0.75
C) M0.81
D) M0.79

690. “An aircraft overflies waypoint 1 at 10:37 UTC and is overhead waypoint 2
at 10:49 UTC. The measured distance on the chart between the two waypoints
is 11.4 cm.If 1 cm on the chart represents 3.2 NM on the Earth, what Ground
Speed has been flown between the two waypoints?”
A) 192 kt
B) 171 kt
C) 177 kt
D) 182 kt

691. “An aircraft flying from A to B &total distance 110 NM& departed from A at
09:55 UTC. The planned arrival time at B is 10:35 UTC. After 25 minutes of
flight, the aircraft overflies waypoint C located 65 NM away from A.What
Ground Speed should be flown as from C in order to reach point B at the
planned arrival time?”
A) 156 kt
B) 165 kt
C) 260 kt
D) 180 kt

692. “&For this question use Annex 061&600087A&.Given the following

information, calculate the average GS of the aircraft between 10:00 UTC and
10:06 UTC:An aircraft is flying from Inverness VOR/DME &57°32.6’N,
004°02.5’W& to Aberdeen VOR/DME &57°18.6’N, 002°16.0’W&.At 10:00 UTC the
fix of the aircraft is determined by VOR/DME Inverness: radial: 114
A) DME distance: 10.5 NM.”
B) 2
C) 180 kt
D) 280 kt

693. “An aircraft at FL120, IAS 200 kt, OAT &5° and wind component +30 kt, is
required to reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 MIN later than
planned.Assuming flight conditions do not change, when 100 NM from the
reporting point IAS should be reduced to…”
A) 174 kt.
B) 165 kt.
C) 169 kt.
D) 159 kt.

694. “An aircraft has the following in&flight conditions:Altitude: FL140IAS: 210
ktOAT: &5° CWhen 150 NM from the reporting point, what IAS reduction is
required to arrive 5 minutes later than planned?”
A) 15 kt
B) 25 kt
C) 30 kt
D) 20 kt

695. “An aircraft obtains a relative bearing of 315° from an NDB at 08:30 UTC.
At 08:40 UTC the relative bearing from the same NDB is 270°.Assuming no drift
and a GS of 240 kt, what is the approximate range from the NDB at 08:40
UTC?”
A) 30 NM
B) 50 NM
C) 40 NM
D) 60 NM

696. “An NDB station is observed on a relative bearing of 45° left of the
aircraft’s nose. Three minutes later the same NDB station is observed on a
relative bearing of 90° left of the aircraft’s nose.The W/V is calm and the
aircraft GS is 180 kt.What is the minimum distance between the aircraft and the
NDB station?”
A) 12 NM
B) 9 NM
C) 6 NM
D) 3 NM

697. “Given the following information, what groundspeed must be maintained

from the fix in order to achieve planned ETA at ‘B’?Distance ‘A’ to ‘B’: 475
NMPlanned groundspeed: 315 ktATD: 10:00 UTC10:40 UTC: fix obtained 190
NM along track”
A) 340 kt
B) 320 kt
C) 300 kt
D) 360 kt

698. “Given the following information, what groundspeed must be maintained

from the fix in order to achieve planned ETA at ‘B’?Distance ‘A’ to ‘B’: 325
NMPlanned groundspeed: 315 ktATD: 11:30 UTC12:05 UTC: fix obtained 165
NM along track”
A) 335 kt
B) 395 kt
C) 355 kt
D) 375 kt

699. “An aircraft has a TAS of 491 kt and a GS of 441 kt.The aircraft is
estimated to cross a meridian at 21:00 UTC.At 20:10 UTC, ATC requests a
speed reduction to cross the meridian at 21:05 UTC.What is the approximate
reduction in TAS required?”
A) 90 kt
B) 40 kt
C) 60 kt
D) 75 kt

700. “At 00:20 UTC an aircraft is crossing the 310° radial at 40 NM of a

VOR/DME station.At 00:35 UTC the radial is 040° and DME distance is 40
NM.Magnetic variation is zero.What is the aircraft’s track and ground speed?”
A) 085°&T& and 226 kt
B) 090°&T& and 232 kt
C) 088°&T& and 232 kt
D) 080°&T& and 226 kt

701. “A planned route has a distance of 150 NM and a true course of 097°.The
planned ground speed is 132 kt, the true heading is 101°.After 23 minutes
en&route a fix is overflown that is 57 NM away from the departure point and
has a cross&track distance from the course line of 4 NM right of course.
Calculate the true track and the actual ground speed flown:”
A) True track = 105°, ground speed = 148 kt.
B) True track = 101°, ground speed = 148 kt.
C) True track = 105°, ground speed = 132 kt.
D) True track = 101°, ground speed = 132 kt.

702. “Flight plan information: TT = 090°, GS = 150 kt, W/V = 160°/30 kt. After 12
minutes of flying the aircraft is 1.5 NM right of track. Calculate the Track Error
Angle.”
A) 3?L
B) 7?L
C) 7?R
D) 3°R

703. “True Track = 085° GS = 180 kt W/V = 290°/30 kt Var = 4°E Calculate the
Track Error Angle if the aircraft is 1.5 NM left of track after 12 minutes of
flying.”
A) 2.5°R
B) 1.0?R
C) 1.0?L
D) 2.5°L
704. “&For this question use Annex 061&600386&.After 15 minutes of flying
with the planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 3 NM south of the intended track
and 2.5 NM ahead of the dead reckoning position.To reach destination B from
this position, the TH should be…”
A) 112?.
B) 075?.
C) 081?.
D) 100?.

705. “&For this question use Annex 061&600389&.An aircraft is flying

according the flight log at the Annex. After 15 minutes of flying with the
planned TAS and TH, the aircraft is 3 NM north of the intended track and 2.5
NM ahead of the dead reckoning position.To reach destination B from this
position the TH should be…”
A) 102?.
B) 115?.
C) 090?.
D) 078?.

706. “&For this question use Annex 061&600390&.An aircraft is flying

according the flight log at the Annex. After 15 minutes of flying with the
planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 3 NM north of the intended track and 2.5 NM
ahead of the dead reckoning position.To reach destination B from this position
the TH should be…”
A) 292?.
B) 255?.
C) 270?.
D) 259?.

707. “A planned route has a true course of 179°.The true heading is 185°.After
23 minutes en&route a fix is overflown that is 44 NM away from the departure
point and 6 NM right of the course line.Calculate the average drift angle for this
flight.”
A) 8° to the right.
B) 8° to the left.
C) 2° to the left.
D) 2° to the right.

708. While proceeding en route, after half the distance between two waypoints,
the aircraft’s position is 3 NM left of the desired track. The total distance
between the two waypoints is 120 NM. Using the 1&in&60 rule and for the
purpose of reaching the active waypoint, the heading should be changed by…
A) 3° to the left.
B) 6° to the left.
C) 3° to the right.
D) 6° to the right.

709. “The distance between positions A and B is 210 NM. An aircraft departs
position A and after having travelled 60 NM, its position is pinpointed 5 NM left
of the intended track.Assuming no change in wind velocity, what alteration of
heading must be made in order to arrive at position B?”
A) 7° Right
B) 6° Right
C) 2° Left
D) 8° Right

710. “Given:Distance A to B = 150 NM.After 30 NM aircraft is 4 NM to the right

of course.What heading alteration should be made in order to arrive at point
“”B””?”
A) 10° left
B) 6° left
C) 2° left
D) 8° right

711. “The distance between two waypoints is 150 NM.To calculate the
compass heading, the pilot used 2°E magnetic variation instead of
2°W.Assuming that the forecast W/V applies, what will the off&track distance
be at the second waypoint?”
A) 10 NM
B) 14 NM
C) 20 NM
D) 7 NM

712. “Given the following information, what heading alteration must be made
to reach point B?Distance from A to B: 90 NMFix obtained 60 NM along and 5
NM to the right of course”
A) 15° Left
B) 6° Left
C) 12° Left
D) 3° Left

713. “Given the following information, what heading alteration must be made
to reach “”B””?Distance “”A”” to “”B”” is 100 NM,Fix obtained 40 NM along
and 4 NM to the right of course.”
A) 10° left
B) 15° right
C) 4° left
D) 12° Right

714. The distance between A and B is 105 NM. At a distance of 15 NM from A

the aircraft is 3 NM right of course. To reach destination B, the heading should
be altered by…
A) 14°.
B) 12°.
C) 16°.
D) 2°.
715. The distance between A and B is 90 NM. At a distance of 75 NM from A the
aircraft is 7 NM right of course. The Track Angle Error &TKE& is
approximately…
A) 6° R.
B) 3° R.
C) 19° R.
D) 22° R.

716. “The True course in the flight log is 270°, the forecast wind is 045°&T&/15
kt and the TAS is 150 kt. After 15 minutes of flying with the planned TAS and
TH the aircraft is 2 NM north of the intended track and 2.5 NM ahead of the
dead reckoning position.The track angle error &TKE& is…”
A) 3° R.
B) 2° R.
C) 2° L.
D) 5° L.

717. “An aircraft is flying from A to B a distance of 45 NM. The True Course in
the flight log is 270°, the forecast wind is 045°&T&/15 kt and the TAS is 120
kt.After 15 minutes of flying with the planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 3 NM
south of the intended track and 2.5 NM ahead of the dead reckoning
position.To reach destination B from this position, the correction angle on the
heading should be…”
A) 21°.
B) 6°.
C) 15°.
D) 17°.

718. “An aircraft is flying from A to B a distance of 60 NM. The True course in
the flight log is 090°, the forecast wind is 225°&T&/15 kt and the TAS is 150
kt.After 15 minutes of flying with the planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 3 NM
south of the intended track and 2.5 NM ahead of the dead reckoning
position.To reach destination B from this position, the correction angle on the
heading should be…”
A) 13.5°.
B) 9°.
C) 4.5°.
D) 17°.

719. “An aircraft is flying from A to B. The true course according to the flight
log is 090°, the estimated wind is 225°&T&/20 kt and the TAS is 110 kt.After 15
minutes of flying with the planned TAS and TH the aircraft is 4 NM north of the
intended track and 3 NM ahead of the dead reckoning position.The Track angle
error &TKE& is…”
A) 8° L.
B) 12° R.
C) 4° L.
D) 5° R.

720. “An aircraft tracks radial 200 inbound to a VOR station with a Magnetic
Heading &MH& of 010?. After being overhead the VOR station the aircraft
tracks radial 090 outbound with a MH of 080?. The TAS is 240 kt and the
magnetic variation in the area is 5?W.What is the wind vector &T&?”
A) 330?/50 kt
B) 320?/50 kt
C) 310?/60 kt
D) 300?/50 kt

721. “At 10:15 the reading from a VOR/DME station is 211°/ 90 NM, at 10:20 the
reading from the same VOR/DME station is 211°/120 NM.Compass Heading =
200?Variation in the area = 31?WDeviation = +1?TAS = 390 ktThe wind vector
&T& is approximately:”
A) 110?/40 kt
B) 100?/60 kt
C) 110?/70 kt
D) 120?/50 kt

722. “On a True Heading of 090° the aircraft experiences drift of 5°S. On a True
Heading of 180° the aircraft experiences no drift. On both headings the TAS is
200 kt and it is assumed that the wind is the same.What is the experienced
wind speed and direction?”
A) 180° / 17 kt
B) 360° / 17 kt
C) 360° / 34 kt
D) 180° / 34 kt

723. “Considering the following data, calculate the average wind direction and
speed &W/V&.Maintaining a true heading of 052°, an aircraft overflies two fixes
34 NM apart from each other.Average true direction from the first fix to the
second one: 047°TAS of 130 kt is maintainedTime to fly between the two fixes:
13 minutes.”
A) 259°/30 kt
B) 246°/28 kt
C) 218°/28 kt
D) 205°/30 kt

724. “Given the following information, calculate the average wind direction and
speed &W/V&:While maintaining a true heading of 196°, an aircraft overflies
two fixes 22.5 NM apart from each other.Average true direction from the first
fix to the second fix: 206°TAS of 165 kt is maintainedTime to fly between the
fixes: 9 minutes.”
A) 140°/31 kt
B) 236°/20 kt
C) 252°/31 kt
D) 156°/20 kt

725. “An aircraft follows a radial to a VOR/DME station.At 10:00 the DME reads
120 NM.At 10:03 the DME reads 105 NM.The estimated time overhead the
VOR/DME station is”
A) 10:24
B) 10:18
C) 10:21
D) 10:27

726. “&For this question use annex 061&11993A&Given the following, what is
the revised ETA ‘Z’?TAS: 120 kt.ATA ‘X’: 12:32 UTCETA ‘Y’: 12:47 UTCATA ‘Y’:
12:50 UTC”
A) 13:03 UTC
B) 13:00 UTC
C) 12:57 UTC
D) 13:02 UTC

727. “&For this question use Annex 061&600088A&.Two consecutive

waypoints on a flight plan are Stornoway VOR/DME &58°12.4’N, 006°11.0’W&
and Glasgow VOR/DME &55°52.2’N, 004°26.7’W&.During the flight, the actual
time overhead Stornoway is 11:15 UTC and the estimated time overhead
Glasgow is 11:38 UTC. At 11:21 UTC the fix of the aircraft is exactly overhead
reporting point RONAR.Based on the last fix, what is the ETA overhead
Glasgow?”
A) 11:34 UTC
B) 11:36 UTC
C) 11:33 UTC
D) 11:38 UTC

728. “An aircraft is planned to fly from position ‘A’ to position ‘B’, distance 480
NM at an average GS of 240 kt. It departs ‘A’ at 1000 UTC.After flying 150 NM
along track from ‘A’, the aircraft is 2 MIN behind planned time.Using the actual
GS experienced, what is the revised ETA at ‘B’?”
A) 1157
B) 1206
C) 1153
D) 1203

729. “An aircraft is planned to fly from position ‘A’ to position ‘B’, distance 320
NM, at an average GS of 180 kt. It departs ‘A’ at 1200 UTC.After flying 70 NM
along track from ‘A’, the aircraft is 3 MIN ahead of planned time.Using the
actual GS experienced, what is the revised ETA at ‘B’?”
A) 1333 UTC
B) 1347 UTC
C) 1340 UTC
D) 1401 UTC
730. “An aircraft is planned to fly from position ‘A’ to position ‘B’, distance 250
NM at an average GS of 115 kt. It departs ‘A’ at 0900 UTC.After flying 75 NM
along track from ‘A’, the aircraft is 1.5 MIN behind planned time.Using the
actual GS experienced, what is the revised ETA at ‘B’?”
A) 1050 UTC
B) 1044 UTC
C) 1115 UTC
D) 1110 UTC

731. “&For this question, use annex ECQB&061&007&v2015&09&.Using the

provided annex, find the True Airspeed &TAS& and the Ground Speed &GS&.”
A) 126 kt TAS, 110 kt GS
B) 155 kt TAS, 139 kt GS
C) 144 kt TAS, 128 kt GS
D) 155 kt TAS, 140 kt GS

732. “&For this question, use annex ECQB&061&008&v2015&09&.Using the

provided annex, find the True Heading &TH& and the True Airspeed &TAS&.”
A) 270° TH, 140 kt TAS
B) 268° TH, 140 kt TAS
C) 268° TH, 127 kt TAS
D) 269° TH, 127 kt TAS

733. “The flight log gives the following data:””True track, Drift, True heading,
Magnetic variation, Magnetic heading, Compass deviation, Compass
heading””Which option lists the correct numbers in the same order as in the
flight log?”
A) 125°, 2°R, 123°, 2°W, 121°, &4°, 117°
B) 119°, 3°L, 122°, 2°E, 120°, +4°, 116°
C) 117°, 4°L, 121°, 1°E, 122°, &3°, 119°
D) 115°, 5°R, 120°, 3°W, 123°, +2°, 121°

734. “&For this question use annex 061&9437A&Complete line 1 of the

‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’
A) 3
B) Heading: 268°&M&, ETA: 11:28 UTC
C) Heading: 282°&M&, ETA: 11:14 UTC
D) Heading: 268°&M&, ETA: 11:14 UTC

735. “&For this question use annex 061&9438A&Complete line 2 of the

‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, positions ‘C’ to ‘D’.What is the HDG°&M& and
ETA?”
A) HDG: 193°&M&, ETA: 12:39 UTC
B) HDG: 188°&M&, ETA: 12:29 UTC
C) HDG: 183°&M&, ETA: 11:59 UTC
D) HDG: 193°&M&, ETA: 12:49 UTC
736. “&For this question use annex 061&9439A&Complete line 3 of the
‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, positions ‘E’ to ‘F’.What is the HDG°&M& and
ETA?”
A) HDG: 115°&M&, ETA: 11:45 UTC
B) HDG: 105°&M&, ETA: 12:05 UTC
C) HDG: 095°&M&, ETA: 11:55 UTC
D) HDG: 106°&M&, ETA: 12:15 UTC

737. “&For this question use annex 061&9440A&Complete line 4 of the

‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, positions ‘G’ to ‘H’.What is the HDG°&M& and
ETA?”
A) HDG: 344°&M&, ETA: 13:36 UTC
B) HDG: 354°&M&, ETA: 13:26 UTC
C) HDG: 344°&M&, ETA: 13:03 UTC
D) HDG: 034°&M&, ETA: 13:36 UTC

738. “&For this question use annex 061&9441A&Complete line 5 of the

‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, positions ‘J’ to ‘K’.What is the HDG°&M& and
ETA?”
A) HDG: 320°&M&, ETA: 14:32 UTC
B) HDG: 337°&M&, ETA 14:22 UTC
C) HDG: 337°&M&, ETA: 13:22 UTC
D) HDG: 320°&M&, ETA: 14:12 UTC

739. “&For this question use annex 061&9442A&Complete line 6 of the

‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, positions ‘L’ to ‘M’.What is the HDG°&M& and
ETA?”
A) HDG: 064°&M&, ETA: 14:49 UTC
B) HDG: 075°&M&, ETA: 15:02 UTC
C) HDG: 070°&M&, ETA: 14:59 UTC
D) HDG: 075°&M&, ETA: 14:52 UTC