STATISTICS

- is a science that involves the

method of collecting, processing,
summarizing, and analyzing data
in order to provide an answers or
solutions to an inquiry.
MAJELLALPHAONGYACO 2
collect process, collate

summarize

analyze

answers or solutions
interpret
decision-making
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 TRIVIA - Statistics
“statistics”

comes from the word “state”—

- governments have been involved in the statistical activities,
-conduct of censuses either for military or taxation
purposes..
In the Christian Bible, particularly the Book of Numbers, God
is reported to have instructed Moses to carry out a census.
Another census mentioned in the Bible is the census ordered
by Caesar Augustus throughout the entire Roman Empire before the
birth of Christ.
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 Statistics enable us to
• characterize persons, objects, situations, and phenomena;

• • explain relationships among variables;

• • formulate objective assessments and; and, more

importantly

• • make evidence-based decisions and predictions

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 Statistics enable us to
• compare of data,

• justify a claim or assertion

• predicts future outcome and estimates unknown quantities

• Summarizes data for public use

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 PROBABILITY
- is a number that reflects the
chance or likelihood that a
particular event will occur.
Probability
• PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT

Unlikely Likely
Probability
It is a measure of how often a particular
event will happen if something is done
repeatedly.
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MAJELLALPHAONGYACO 9
EXPLORING
RANDOM
VARIABLES

Discrete
and Continues
Random Variables
LESSON OBJECTIVE:

•Illustrate/provide examples of
random variables
•Distinguish between discrete and
continuous random variables.
 REVIEW/PRE-TEST
Direction: Write True if the
Statement is correct and FALSE
if the statement is incorrect.
___1. Rolling a die has two
possible outcomes.
___2. Random variables can be
classified as finite or infinite
random variables.
___3. Random variable is a way
to map outcomes of a statistical
experiment determined by a
chance in to number.
___4. There are four possible
outcomes when four coins
being tossed.
___5. A random variable can
only have one value.
EXPERIMENT SAMPLE SPACE
1. Rolling
a die
2. Tossing a coin
and rolling a die
3. Drawing a card
greater than 6
from a deck of
cards
 Variable
- is a characteristic or attribute that is
measurable and values or answers may vary.
- can be broadly classified as either
quantitative or qualitative, with the latter
further classified into discrete and continuous
types
Qualitative Variables

• are characteristics that do not strictly take

numerical values. They are expressed in
categorical attributes such as, gender,
provincial address, favorite color,
preferred internet provider, etc.
Quantitative Variables

• are also called numerical data. These data

answer the questions “how many” and
“how much”. Examples of quantitative
variables are height, weight, shoe size, etc
Situation:
Suppose that there are three laptops and
we want to test them randomly. We want to
identify the number of defectives that may
occur from these laptops. Hence, to each
outcome in the sample space, we will
assign the following values:
Illustration:
Let D represent the defective laptop and N
represent non-defective laptop. Then, we let X to
represent the random variable of the number of
defective laptops. Then the possible outcomes and
the values of the random variable X.
Illustration:

D= defective laptops
N= non-defective laptops
Then: X = random variable of defective laptops
(Hint: Just count the "D" in the possible
outcomes to identify the values of the
random variable X).
Therefore the possible
values of the random
variable X are 0,1,2 and 3
Random Variable is?
Random Variable

– is a function that associates a real number

to each element in the sample space. It is a
variable whose values are determined by
chance.
Sample Space is?
SAMPLE SPACE

– are set of all possible outcomes of an

experiment.
In tossing a coin, X = {0, 1}
In rolling a die, X= {1,2,3,4,5,6}
P(A) = Number of Heads
P(A) = {0,1,2,3,4}
 DISCRETE
VS
CONTINUOS RANDOM
VARIABLE
A random variable is
discrete random variable
and continues random
variable if.......
Discrete Random Variable

if its set of possible outcomes is

countable. Mostly, this data represent
"count" data.
Continues Random Variable

if it takes on values on a continuous scale.

Mostly, these data represent “measured”
data
Activity 1

A. Determine whether the given random

variable is DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.
Write your answer on the space provided
for.
____________ 1. The weights in grams (g) of
randomly selected eggs.
____________ 2. The number of puppies that are
given birth by a dog.
____________ 3. The number of correct responses
of the students in a Math test.
____________ 4. The height in centimeters (cm) of
the student athletes.
___________ 5. The number of defective webcams
produced by computer
manufacturing companies.
___________ 6. The daily record of temperatures at
Baguio City every 12 noon.
____________ 7. The number of 4Ps grantees
in Grade 11 of a certain school.
___________ 8. The volume of water that
the consumers from Infinite Water Corporation
use daily.
___________ 9. The number of points scored by a
randomly selected volleyball player in a Municipal
Meet.
___________ 10. The degree of loudness in
decibels (dB) of the randomly selected stereo
base speaker.
Prepare for
a
Quiz