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ABSTRACT

Banana is one of the world's most well-known and useful plants. Almost every

portion of this plant can be used, including the fruit, leaves, flower bud, trunk, and

pseudo-stem. Unfortunately, when the banana fruit harvesting season is over, the pseudo-

stem is normally discarded as biomass waste. Owing to the volume of waste, disposal

has become a major issue. As a result, researchers have begun to utilize the banana

pseudo-stem and other components and use them to create a variety of value-added items.

Letting those banana stems rot and be thrown to landfills would be a great loss to us

humans so why not utilize each of those to create paper bags and other useful materials?

Besides, if the amount of biomass waste of banana stems continues to increase, the

production of greenhouse gasses will increase too.

Several studies have shown that bananas can be used in a variety of applications,

including food, feed, pharmaceuticals, packaging, and a variety of other industrial

applications. Based on the findings, the researchers' product can be used instead of plastic

bags/cellophane to avoid the rising of greenhouse gas production and to reduce the

amount of plastic waste generated in the world. The researchers come up with this idea

to reduce the production of greenhouse gasses and plastic waste, and to develop an eco-

friendly material most especially, paper bags in an environment-friendly society.

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ACKNOWLODGEMENT

To Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, for giving the wisdom, strength, support

and knowledge in exploring things, for the guidance in helping surpass all the trials that

we encountered and for inspiring us to undertake our research and for making it possible.

The researcher would like to express their heartfelt thanks to all who assisted in some

way, who contributed their time and experience to make this project a possibility.

Whatever has been achieved and whatever the outcome of that endeavour, there is a great

source of all effort, striving, guidance, and generous blessings without which this

undertaking would have been impossible.

We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to our research advisors, Ms.

Jamaica Valles and Mr. Ralph Magumpara, for their continuous support to our study

and research, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Their

advice has been invaluable in the analysis and writing of this report. We could not have

asked for a better advisor and mentor for our research project.

To the researchers' Loving parents, for their moral support, financial aid, and

spiritual guidance on any direction the researchers take. We would also like to express

our heartfelt appreciation to the respondents who assisted us in completing this report;

without them, this study would not have been possible.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE

ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Research Objectives 3
1.4 Significance of the Study 4
1.5 Theoretical Framework 4
1.6 Conceptual Framework 6
1.7 Scope and Limitation 7
1.8 Definition of Terms 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RELATED

STUDIES
2.1 Durability and Biodegradability 8
2.2 Paper Ability to Pseudo-Stem of Banana Tree 8
2.3 Production of Greenhouse Gasses 9
2.4 Morphological Properties of Banana Pseudo-Stem fibre 10
2.5 Related Literature 11
2.6 Related Studies 16

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Subjects of the Study 19
3.2 Research Design 20
3.3 Data Gathering Procedure 20
3.4 Instruments Used 21
3.5 Statistical Tools Used 22
3.6 Data Analysis 23
3.7 Coding of the Respondents 23
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CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 24
4.2 Research Findings 25

CHAPTER V
5.1 Summary of Findings 41
5.2 Conclusion 42
5.3 Recommendations 42

Bibliography 43
Appendices 45
Curriculum Vitae 50
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Paradigm of the Study 6

2 Data Gathering Procedure Flow Chart 20

3 Comparison between the researchers’ Paper Bags and

the usual paper bag 25

4 Significant Difference between the researchers’ Paper

Bags and the usual paper bag 27

5 Durability of the researchers’ product 28

6 Reduction to Plastic Waste 30

7 Strong Product Protection 31

8 Environmental Commitment 33

9 Reduction to Banana Waste 34

10 Tactility of the Paper Bag 36

11 Reliability of the Paper Bag 37

12 Replacement to Plastic Bags/Cellophanes 39

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Number of Respondents 19

2 Sex of the Respondents 24

3 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 1 25

4 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 2 27

5 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 3 29

6 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 4 30

7 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 5 31

8 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 6 33

9 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 7 35

10 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 8 36

11 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 9 38

12 Statistical Evaluation of Data on Statement no. 10 39

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title Page

A Evaluation Sheet 45

B Process of Making the Paper Bag 48

C Product Design 49