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The coding process was iterative with regular consensus meetings between the two researchers
involved. Universities should be mindful of the interplay between the learner characteristics, design
features and learning outcomes which are indicators of blended learning effectiveness. The
Transactional Distance Theory (TDT) was selected for this study since it refers to student-instructor
distance learning. Unfortunately, COVID-19 continued to spread rapidly through the province and
by the winter of 2021, the threat of the new, more infectious variants of COVID-19 forced the hand
of the Ontario Ministry of Education to close schools once again for the remainder of the school
year. Many e-learning systems use a hybrid version of ILE and PLE that allows organizations to have
either instructor-led or self-paced courses. The noted benefits were divided into four overarching
categories to include social, psychological, academic, and assessment. Scager et al. (2016) found
positive interdependence to be a critical factor in successful collaboration. The keyword
determination method was conducted using a snowballing process to identify the reflections or
keywords relevant to this study. Researchers need to keep up with the demand of personalized
learning. Furthermore, to personalize the learning experience, technology integration can play a
crucial role. Pappas You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Corresponding
author Correspondence to Ilias O. Pappas. Additional information Publisher’s note. Theoretical
model data were confirmed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a
distraction-free reading experience with a simple link. The infant's response to entrapment between
contradictory messages in face-to-face interaction. The data was first tested to check if it met the
linear regression test assumptions and results showed the correlations between the independent
variables and each of the dependent variables (highest 0.62 and lowest 0.22) as not being too high,
which indicated that multicollinearity was not a problem in our model. Suggestions for educator
practice Though there is variety in the identified gaps detailed above, our research maintained a
consistent thread that related to the criteria of the ideal VLE for both the success of the educator but
also the well-being and dignity of the student. Effects of perceptions of the learning environment
and approaches to learning on Chinese undergraduates’ learning. Social: Collaborative learning
creates a support system for students as they work through challenges together. Student satisfaction
research has been transformed by modular learning. The results revealed that students found
managing multiple educational activities within limited timeframes to be particularly challenging.
Balkcom (1992) defines cooperative learning as an instructional strategy that uses groups made up
of diverse learners. From the coefficients table, the VIF values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, well below
the cut off value of 10 and indicating no possibility of multicollinearity. Future research should
leverage big data produced from the platforms and investigate how the incorporation of advanced
learning technologies (e.g., learning analytics, personalized learning) can help increase organizational
value. Schei and colleagues argued for a form of reflection in medical education that results in wise
practice, encompassing both self-awareness and self-correcting behaviors, which aligns with our
findings in which the students reflected on solutions to their academic challenges. Moreover, Table 4
demonstrates the descriptive statistical results of each indicator. Health students’ expectations of the
ideal educational environment: a qualitative research. Learning has been characterized as a stable
and persistent change in what a person knows and can do (Spector, 2015 ). There is cooperation from
the administration generally. Furthermore, no conscious effort is needed to be actively learning while
engaged in everyday life (Kinshuk, 2012 ) although reflection and mega-cognition can promote
learning. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles.
Achar Fujii RN, Kobayasi R, Claassen Enns S, Zen Tempski P. Even though in the sixth year, there is
huge pressure on me. TemplateLab templatelab.com literature review template apa templates
templatelab smart 50 Smart Literature Review Templates (APA). Improved learning is also noted
through sharing study material, submitting assignments and using the calendar. These characteristics
are typically associated with adult learners. Support is needed for learners from all areas in web-
based courses and this may be from family, friends, co-workers as well as peers in class. Studies
such as this one identify the student’s psychological contact after the fact, rather than before the
class. We started with the definition of personalized learning suggested by Spector ( 2014, 2018 )
and others that are discussed below, which requires a digital learning environment to be classified as
a personalized learning environment to be adaptive to individual knowledge, experience and interests
and to be effective and efficient in supporting and promoting desired learning outcomes. High
learner intrinsic motivation leads to persistence in online courses as noted by Menager-Beeley, ( 2004
) and is high enough in our study. The notion of relevance in teacher information behavior. Adobe
Express Go from Adobe Express creation to Issuu publication. Establishing the significant predictors
of outcomes in blended learning will help to inform planners of such learning environments in order
to put in place necessary groundwork preparations for designing blended learning as an innovative
pedagogical approach. The efficient use of learning management system and its tools improves
learning outcomes in e-learning and blended learning environments. The review results show that
instead of being a component, individualized instruction has been used as a replacement term for
personalized learning and is a product of personalized learning. Balkcom (1992) defines cooperative
learning as an instructional strategy that uses groups made up of diverse learners. Participants Cluster
sampling was used to select a total of 238 learners to participate in this study. It is again noted that a
system with poor response time cannot be taken to be useful for e-learning and blended learning
especially in cases of limited bandwidth (Anderson, 2004 ). From our perspective, this can be
considered to be accomplishment in the knowledge construction process. Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Michail N. The questionnaire’s link was sent via email,
Facebook, and other popular social media platforms. The respondents had to complete two sections
of the questionnaire. Appraise quality: The reviewers explicitly listed the criteria used to decide
which papers they will exclude for insufficient quality in the search query. Overlooking articles by
omitting relevant information or keyword combinations is likewise possible due to the limited time
frame. The introduction of blended learning (combination of face-to-face and online teaching and
learning) initiatives is part of these innovations but its uptake, especially in the developing world
faces challenges for it to be an effective innovation in teaching and learning. McCombs and Whisler (
1997; as cited in Lee et al., 2018 ) claimed that a learner-centered environment develops as it
considers learners’ unique characteristics using the best knowledge of teaching and learning which
are available. Download references Authors’ contribution MJK conceived the study idea, developed
the conceptual framework, collected the data, analyzed it and wrote the article. General demographic
information sheets were completed by the participants upon recruitment. Unleashing the Power of AI
Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Contemporary affordances of e-learning
systems allow users to perform different jobs or tasks for training courses according to their own
scheduling, as well as to collaborate and share knowledge and experiences that result in rich learning
flows within organizations. If this study is repeated with a larger sample size, it will improve the
results. Also, a focus on higher-order thinking skills is not a common theme in the existing literature.
To build strong VLE’s for K-12 students, research campaigns ought to offer architectures that are
universalized in their implementation and fundamentally repeatable. It should be tailored to and
continuously modified to an individual learner’s conditions, abilities, preferences, background
knowledge, interests, and goals and adaptable to the learner’s evolving skills and knowledge
(Sampson, Karagiannidis and Kinshuk, 2002; Sharples, 2000 ). That is the focus of this literature
review was conducted. Learning style preferences of medical students: a single-institute experience
from Saudi Arabia. These targeted recommendations aim to improve various aspects of medical
education, ensuring a higher quality of learning and student satisfaction. The students valued
educational relevance and autonomous decision-making. Using Structural Equation Modeling
(SEM), the researcher analyses the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
The total review process is noted visually in Fig. 1. Review process and results Summary of research
findings The purpose of this scoping review is to isolate and investigate the existing data and
research that identifies if the real-time visual presence of a teacher in a virtual learning environment
(VLE) is a significant factor in a student’s ability to maintain good mental health. Student conduct is
also vital in academic accomplishment since it may affect a student’s capacity to study as well as the
learning environment for other students. Group members benefit when the task is complex, i.e. “high
cognitive load”, and parts can be distributed among the group. Strengthening mentorship programs is
vital for providing ongoing support to students. Unfortunately, COVID-19 continued to spread
rapidly through the province and by the winter of 2021, the threat of the new, more infectious
variants of COVID-19 forced the hand of the Ontario Ministry of Education to close schools once
again for the remainder of the school year. Note: The size of the circles depicts the frequency of
studies, with the smallest circle representing one study and the largest representing six studies. This
implies that the potential for blended learning to be effective exists and is unhampered by gender or
age differences. It cover the different types of tests and exams, things to do before your test or exam
and things to do on the day. Besides, another obstacle is the researchers and policymakers should
show the same interest to personalized learning so the demand and research can align. Without this
fundamental interaction, it seems that humans are unable to properly regulate their emotional
expression. Teachers play an essential role in influencing student academic motivation, school
commitment, and disengagement. Blended learning design features The design features under study
here include interactions, technology with its quality, face-to-face support and learning management
system tools and resources. Outliers were no cause for concern in our data since we had only 1% of
all cases falling outside 3.0 thus proving the data as a normally distributed sample. Student-teacher
interaction was reported at 71% through instructors individually working with them online (57.2%)
and being well guided towards learning goals (81%). Search query An appropriate search query was
formulated that would find relevant personalized learning papers. Instead, our search results yielded
studies that disproportionately represented participant groups outside of our desired range of
inquiry; just six included the experiences of K-12 students, and in each of those studies, the students’
caregivers were the primary data source. Students emphasized the essential role of psychological and
financial support in enhancing the medical students’ learning environment. With this result, it can
greatly affect the academic performance of the student in view of the different phases of learner
autonomy; hence, they need autonomous learning activities that they can perform to enhance
independent learning. Does inducing students to schedule lecture watching in online classes improve
their academic performance. Chen, Huang, Shih and Chang ( 2016 ) brought up the gender
component to personalized learning. Nursing students’ perceptions of factors influencing their
learning environment in a clinical skills laboratory: a qualitative study. This study contributes to
existing literature by pinpointing specific improvement areas, emphasizing the importance of student
involvement and faculty roles in the educational process. Major crises, like the pandemic, highlight
the tremendous importance of the appropriate development of e-learning systems and its adoption
and processes in organizations.
Indeed, quality research is exhorted to communicate, as narrowly as possible, the contexts in which
they are situated. To fulfill answer of “What are the similarities and differences of different terms
used for personalized learning approaches?” we need a research base and theoretical framework that
provides answers to basic questions. Learner extent of use of the learning management system
features was as shown in the table below in percentage (Table 4 ): From the table, very rarely used
features include the blog and wiki while very often used ones include the email, forum, chat and
calendar. Online Distance Learning: A Literature Review This blogpost offers a literature review on
online distance learning, which is thematically divided into four sections. In considering this it is
astonishing that our research showed such a vast range in how VLE operated in relation to the
available technology. Second, the selection of empirical studies and coding of the papers might pose
another possible bias. Huang Y, Backman SJ, Backman KF, McGuire FA, DeWayne M. Instructors
must create well-structured courses, regularly present in their classes, and encourage student
participation. Lacking those cases suggests that personalized learning in the digital era is still in its
infancy. Students with the capacity for self-regulated learning tend to achieve better outcomes from
online courses. The subsequent 63 articles were read in their entirety to determine whether their
content would be appropriate for this scoping review. Looking at the contemporary eOL research, we
notice that the exploration of e-learning capabilities to nurture the aforementioned elements and
support employee-centric approaches is very limited (e.g., personalized technologies, adaptive
assessment). The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made
available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Furthermore, the immense
effort to construct a search by identifying the keywords is crucial for the search process. Resources
Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. Summary of Secondary Research
Literature The following points can be made about online distance learning based on the foregoing
review: Successful online learning depends upon the formation of an online learning community.
With the advances in technology as well as the increase in quantity and quality of digital tools
available, there is great potential for the future of online learning. Journals in which to base this
literature review are listed in Table 2. Descriptive-correlational design and stratified proportionate
random sampling were utilized. The images or other third party material in this article are included in
the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
Reimagining the role of technology in education: 2017 national education technology plan update.
Indeed, the most notable shift in education has been toward the use of the online classroom and it is
foreseeable that the continuation of this paradigm will be unavoidable. This review solely retrieved
peer-reviewed article papers from online journals because those online academic journals are known
to be reliable and authoritative. Interestingly, the concept of all persons having to remain at home
during the new COVID-19 online education paradigm seemed to create a vague understanding of
whether it was even possible for the professional liability of care to take place. It is thus clear that
while there are areas for improvement, particularly concerning facility provisions and gender-related
challenges, various elements of the new environment were conducive to fostering a positive and
adaptive learning experience. Author Contributions Data collection, methodology, writing and
editing, K.A.M.; data collection, writing—review and editing, Y.-T.J. and C.S.S. All authors have
read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. In the same vein, Zhang et al. ( 2017 )
described how VR influences reflective thinking and considered its indirect value to overall learning
effectiveness. While the current study focused on the students’ perspectives, the literature suggests
that both educators and students have unique insights to offer in this respect, and the bridge
between theory and practice can only be truly constructed when these insights are aligned. Based on
this research model, the nine (9) factors could broadly clarify the students’ adoption of new learning
environment platform features. The results revealed that students found managing multiple
educational activities within limited timeframes to be particularly challenging.
Databases in which to base this literature review are listed in Table 1. This study was conducted in
Antipolo National High School. One recommendation for future researchers is to clearly describe the
eOL approach by providing detailed information about the technologies and materials used, as well
as the organizations. Student performance has a substantial impact on students’ academic
achievement and satisfaction. In: Zaphiris, P., Ioannou, A. (eds) Learning and Collaboration
Technologies. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14040. In the middle, we depict
the orchestration that was conducted and how potential future research on eOL can improve the
orchestration of the various elements and accelerate the achievement of the intended objectives.
Profiling the digital readiness of higher education students for transformative online learning in the
post-soviet nations of Georgia and Ukraine. It is an excellent point, and instead of studying the
diseases all at once and getting me lost, it has been divided into two sections. This date range also
reflects the time span in which we had secured permanent work as educators; tracing the
development and evolution of online learning since that point is of great personal interest. Cavanagh,
S. (2014). What is “personalized learning”. As a result, we conducted a more informal albeit
systematic review of published research on personalized learning. A controlled study in 2018 by
Ruchan Uz and Adem Uzun of 167 undergraduate students on a programming language course
compared blended learning with a traditional learning environment. In addition, dissatisfaction
resulted from technical difficulties as well as ambiguous course instruction Hara and Kling ( 2001 ).
With this result, it can greatly affect the academic performance of the student in view of the different
phases of learner autonomy; hence, they need autonomous learning activities that they can perform
to enhance independent learning. Medical student perceptions of the Learning Environment in
Medical School Change as students transition to clinical training in Undergraduate Medical School.
They allow the readers to verify the facts from their sources, which increases the reliability of
enriched studies filled with data and facts. The insights gained will contribute to tailoring the
learning environment more effectively to meet the diverse needs of the student population. Marshall,
S. (2006). New Zealand Tertiary Institution E-learning Capability: Informing and Guiding eLearning
Architectural Change and Development. The group work also facilitates learning communities while
improving student’s understanding of diverse viewpoints and strengthening cooperation. The
findings of the study suggest that online learning is generally perceived positively by students. (PDF)
E-learning: A review of literature E-learning: A review of literature. This will make our conclusions
about the potential of blended learning effectiveness. Gibson PF, Smith S. Digital literacies:
Preparing pupils and students for their information journey in the twenty-first century. A
questionnaire with items on student characteristics, design features and learning outcomes was
distributed among students from three schools and one directorate of postgraduate studies. A higher
percentage (85.3%) is reported on learners getting support from family regarding provision of
essentials for learning such as tuition. Democratizing education at the margins: Faculty and
practitioner perspectives on delivering online tertiary education for refugees. Sources of literature To
answer the research question, the researchers have selected the following well known and reputable
databases to base this literature review: Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR,
and Web of Science to ensure all related journals of the field are included. Learners’ knowledge
construction was reported at 78% with initiation and discovery scales scoring 84% with 88%
specifically for discovering the learning points in the course units. The study highlights the
significance of supports for self-regulated learning such as the use of prompts or feedback in
promoting the development and deployment of strategies for self-regulated learning, leading to
better achievement in online learning: In online learning environments where the instructor presence
is low, learners have to make the decisions regarding when to study or how to approach the study
materials. This can be met by contemporary learning systems and practices that provide high
adoption, smooth usage, high satisfaction, and close alignment with the current practices of an
enterprise. E-learning is considered helpful for grown%ups who missed university learning, those
who have restrictions and difficulties in place and time.
Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461,
Saudi Arabia Mohammed Almansour Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and
Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh,
11671, Saudi Arabia Fatmah Almoayad You can also search for this author in PubMed Google
Scholar Contributions Both authers have contributed suffeciently in the development and preperation
of this paper. The Effect of Mobile Learning on the Development of the Students' Learning Be.
Beard, Harper and Riley ( 2004 ) shows that some learners are successful while in a personal
interaction with teachers and peers thus prefer face-to-face in the blend. From the table above,
design features (technology quality and online tools and resources), and learner characteristics
(attitudes to blended learning, self-regulation) were significant predictors of learner satisfaction in
blended learning. After “ verbatim transcription” of the sessions was made, a framework thematic
analysis of the data was performed using the NVivo software. A controlled study in 2018 by Ruchan
Uz and Adem Uzun of 167 undergraduate students on a programming language course compared
blended learning with a traditional learning environment. The study aimed to indicate the assessment
of Modular Distance Learning perceived by Social Studies teacher and School principals of public
Secondary Schools in Zone 1 of the division of Zambales regarding module content, module
printing, module retrieval and distribution. The reviewers created four phases to review papers to
produce the final papers to review. Flipgrid: Flipgrid is a tool that allows learners to create and share
short videos and can be used for reflections, discussions, or short presentations. The idea of
personalized learning rests on the foundation that humans learn through experience and by
constructing knowledge. The insights gained will contribute to tailoring the learning environment
more effectively to meet the diverse needs of the student population. In future research, it will be
important to consider if and how the technology tools used for collaboration are actually
accomplishing what educators believe they are accomplishing. There is a significant relationship
between students’ experience and students’ instructor interaction. Supporting the findings of
Ambayon (2020), modular teaching within the teach-learn method is more practical than traditional
educational methods because students learn at their own pace during this modular approach. Hence,
in order to derive meaningful theoretical and practical implications, as well as to identify important
areas for future research, it is critical to understand how the core capabilities pertinent to e-learning
possess the capacity to enhance organizational learning. Relevance of the curriculum structure to
students’ learning The feeling of being stressed by the compact courses and the required learning
material in the curriculum was shared by many students. We don’t have student activities to motivate
us and entertain us. In order to construct the main research dimensions of eOL research and to look
more deeply at the research objectives of the studies (the information we coded as objectives in the
Appendix ), we performed a content analysis and grouped the research objectives. In other words,
although each of the studies carried out an investigation within a given level (except for Garavan et
al. 2019 ), there is a recognition and discussion of the different levels. Student-faculty relationships
and its impact on academic outcomes. The current study was improved by Moore’s transactional
distance theory (TDT) and Bloom’s taxonomy theory (BTT) to evaluate cognitive factors affecting
academic achievements and satisfaction and the perceived effectiveness of K-12 students’ response
toward modular learning during COVID-19. Technical Report EBSE-2007-01, 2007.. Krippendorff,
K. (2018). Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology. Several studies (Lee et al. 2015a;
Muller Queiroz et al. 2018; Tsai et al. 2010 ) focused on the positive effect of perceived managerial
support, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and other technology acceptance model (TAM)
constructs of the e-learning system in supporting all three levels of learning (i.e., individual,
collaborative, and organizational). It has caused the education research community to rethink long-
held assumptions that learning occurs primarily within a metaphorical container known as a “course.”
When reviewing studies on student satisfaction from a factor analytic perspective, one thing
becomes clear: this is a complex system with little consensus. A SLR has the capacity to present a
fair evaluation of a research topic by using a trustworthy, rigorous, and auditable methodology
(Kitchenham and Charters 2007 ). The level of effectiveness of modular learning in three areas was
effective. Personalized learning cannot be a solution to learning until it is defined better and
developed more thoroughly. A key finding is the students’ strong appreciation for educational
relevance and their autonomy in decision-making. The advantage found by Beard is all the same
relevant here because learners in blended learning express attitude to both online and face-to-face for
an effective blend. When faculty actively interact and engage students in a face-to-face classroom,
the class evolves as a group and develops intellectual and personal bonds.