Test Bank for Introduction to Java

Programming Comprehensive Version 9th

Edition Liang 9780132936521

Full link download

Test Bank:

https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-introduction-to-java-
programming-comprehensive-version-9th-edition-liang-9780132936521/
Name: CSCI 1301 Introduction to Programming
Covers Chapters 1-3 Armstrong Atlantic State University
50 mins Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

I pledge by honor that I will not discuss this exam with anyone until my
instructor reviews the exam in the class.

Signed by Date

Part I. (10 pts) Show the output of the following code: (write the output
next to each println statement if the println statement is executed in
the program).

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println((int)(Math.random()));

System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 3));

System.out.println(34 % 7);

System.out.println(3 + 4 * 2 > 2 * 9);

int number = 4;

if (number % 3 == 0)
System.out.println(3 * number);

System.out.println(4 * number);

int x = 943;
System.out.println(x / 100);

System.out.println(x % 100);

System.out.println(x + " is " + ((x % 2 == 0) ? "even" : "odd"));

int y = -1;
y++;
System.out.println(y);
}
}

Part II:

Write a program that prompts the user to enter the

1. (10 pts)
exchange rate from currency US dollars to Chinese RMB.
Prompt the user to enter 0 to convert from US dollars to
Chinese RMB and 1 vice versa. Prompt the user to enter the
amount in US dollars or Chinese RMB to convert it to

1
Chinese RMB or US dollars, respectively. Here are the
sample runs:

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 0
Enter the dollar amount: 100
$100.0 is 681.0 Yuan
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 1
Enter the RMB amount: 10000
10000.0 Yuan is $1468.43
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to RMB: 6.81
Enter 0 to convert dollars to RMB and 1 vice versa: 5
Incorrect input
<End Output>

2
2. (10 pts) Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer. If
the number is a multiple of 5, print HiFive. If the number is divisible
by 2 or 3, print Georgia. Here are the sample runs:

<Output>
Enter an integer: 6
Georgia
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter an integer: 15
HiFive Georgia
<End Output>
<Output>
Enter an integer: 25
HiFive
<End Output>

<Output>
Enter an integer: 1
<End Output>

3
Name:

Part III: Multiple Choice Questions: (1 pts each)

(Please circle your answers on paper first. After you
finish the test, enter your choices online to LiveLab. Log
in and click Take Instructor Assigned Quiz. Choose Quiz1.
You have 5 minutes to enter and submit the answers.)

1. The expression (int)(76.0252175 * 100) / 100 evaluates to .

a. 76
b. 76.0252175
c. 76.03
d. 76.02

#
2. What is y after the following switch statement?

int x = 0;
int y = 0;
switch (x + 1) {
case 0: y = 0;
case 1: y = 1;
default: y = -1
}

a. 2
b. 1
c. 0
d. -1

#
3. Assume x is 0. What is the output of the following statement?

if (x > 0)
System.out.print("x is greater than 0");
else if (x < 0)
System.out.print("x is less than 0");
else
System.out.print("x equals 0");

a. x is less than 0
b. x is greater than 0
c. x equals 0
d. None

4
4. Analyze the following code:

Code 1:

boolean even;

if (number % 2 == 0)
even = true;
else
even = false;

Code 2:

boolean even = (number % 2 == 0);

a. Code 2 has syntax errors.

b. Code 1 has syntax errors.
c. Both Code 1 and Code 2 have syntax errors.
d. Both Code 1 and Code 2 are correct, but Code 2 is better.

#
5. What is the output of the following switch statement?

char ch = 'a';

switch (ch) {
case 'a':
case 'A':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'b':
case 'B':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'c':
case 'C':
System.out.print(ch); break;
case 'd':
case 'D':
System.out.print(ch);
}

a. ab
b. a
c. aa
d. abc
e. abcd

5
#
6. What is x after evaluating

x = (2 > 3) ? 2 : 3;

a. 5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

#
7. Analyze the following code.

int x = 0;
if (x > 0);
{
System.out.println("x");
}

a. The value of variable x is always printed.

b. The symbol x is always printed twice.
c. The symbol x is always printed.
d. Nothing is printed because x > 0 is false.

#
8. To declare a constant MAX_LENGTH inside a method with value 99.98, you write

a. final double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;

b. double MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
c. final MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;
d. final float MAX_LENGTH = 99.98;

#
9. Which of the following is a constant, according to Java naming conventions?

a. read
b. MAX_VALUE
c. ReadInt
d. Test

#
10. What is y after the following switch statement is executed?

x = 3;
switch (x + 3) {
case 6: y = 0;
case 7: y = 1;
default: y += 1;
}

6
a. 1
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
e. 0

#
11. Which of the following code displays the area of a circle if the radius is
positive.

a. if (radius <= 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);

b. if (radius != 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);
c. if (radius >= 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);
d. if (radius > 0) System.out.println(radius * radius * 3.14159);

Please double check your answer before clicking the Submit

button. Whatever submitted to LiveLab is FINAL and counted
for your grade.

Have you submitted your answer to LiveLib?

What is your score?

7
Sample Final Exam for CSCI 1302

FINAL EXAM AND COURSE OUTCOMES MATCHING

COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to
1. understand OO concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces,
abstract classes
2. use Unified Modeling Language for design, analysis, and documentation
3. develop graphical user interfaces
4. develop event-driven programs
5. use file I/O and handle exceptions
6. design and implement OO programs

Here is a mapping of the final comprehensive exam against the course outcomes:

Question Matches outcomes

1 1
2 2
3 3, 4, 5
4 6, 7
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

1
 Name: CSCI 1302 Introduction to Programming
Covers chs8-19 Armstrong Atlantic State University
Final Exam Instructor: Dr. Y. Daniel Liang

Please note that the university policy prohibits giving the exam score by email. If you need to know your
final exam score, come to see me during my office hours next semester.

I pledge by honor that I will not discuss the contents of this exam with
anyone.

Signed by Date

1. Design and implement classes. (10 pts)

Design a class named Person and its two subclasses named Student and
Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. A person has a
name, address, phone number, and email address. A student has a class
status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). Define the status as a
constant. An employee has an office, salary, and date hired. Define a
class named MyDate that contains the fields year, month, and day. A
faculty member has office hours and a rank. A staff member has a title.
Override the toString method in each class to display the class name
and the person's name.

Draw the UML diagram for the classes. Write the code for the Student
class only.

2
2. Design and use interfaces (10 pts)

Write a class named Octagon that extends GeometricObject

and implements the Comparable and Cloneable interfaces.
Assume that all eight sides of the octagon are of equal
size. The area can be computed using the following formula:
area = (2 + 4 / 2)* side * side

Draw the UML diagram that involves Octagon,

GeometricObject, Comparable, and Cloneable.

3
3. Design and create GUI applications (10 pts)

Write a Java applet to add two numbers from text fields, and
displays the result in a non-editable text field. Enable your applet
to run standalone with a main method. A sample run of the applet is
shown in the following figure.

4
4. Text I/O (10 pts)

Write a program that will count the number of characters (excluding

control characters '\r' and '\n'), words, and lines, in a file. Words
are separated by spaces, tabs, carriage return, or line-feed
characters. The file name should be passed as a command-line argument,
as shown in the following sample run.

5
5. Multiple Choice Questions: (1 pts each)
(1. Mark your answers on the sheet. 2. Login and click Take
Instructor Assigned Quiz for QFinal. 3. Submit it online
within 5 mins. 4. Close the Internet browser.)

1. describes the state of an object.

a. data fields
b. methods
c. constructors
d. none of the above

#
2. An attribute that is shared by all objects of the class is coded
using .
a. an instance variable
b. a static variable
c. an instance method
d. a static method

#
3. If a class named Student has no constructors defined explicitly,
the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()

#
4. If a class named Student has a constructor Student(String name)
defined explicitly, the following constructor is implicitly provided.

a. public Student()
b. protected Student()
c. private Student()
d. Student()
e. None

#
5. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked in the following constructor in
a class, xMethod() is in the class.

public MyClass() {
xMethod();

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static method or an instance method

#
6. Suppose the xMethod() is invoked from a main method in a class as
follows, xMethod() is in the class.

public static void main(String[] args) {

6
 xMethod();
}

a. a static method
b. an instance method
c. a static or an instance method

#
7. What would be the result of attempting to compile and
run the following code?
public class Test {
static int x;

public static void main(String[] args){

System.out.println("Value is " + x);
}
}

a. The output "Value is 0" is printed.

b. An "illegal array declaration syntax" compiler error occurs.
c. A "possible reference before assignment" compiler error occurs.
d. A runtime error occurs, because x is not initialized.

#
8. Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

private int t;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Test test = new Test();
System.out.println(test.t);
}
}

a. The variable t is not initialized and therefore causes errors.

b. The variable t is private and therefore cannot be accessed in the
main method.
c. Since t is an instance variable, it cannot appear in the static
main method.
d. The program compiles and runs fine.

#
9. Suppose s is a string with the value "java". What will be
assigned to x if you execute the following code?

char x = s.charAt(4);

a. 'a'
b. 'v'
c. Nothing will be assigned to x, because the execution causes the
runtime error StringIndexOutofBoundsException.
d. None of the above.

#
10. What is the printout for the following code?

class Test {

7
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Jean Vyhovsky 1657–1659
Georges Chmelnytsky 1659–1663
Paul Teteria, de l’Ukraine de la rive droite du Dniéper 1663–1665
Jean Broukhovetsky, de l’Ukraine de la rive gauche 1663–1668
Opara, Soukhovienko, de la rive droite 1665–1668
Pierre Dorochenko 1665–1676
Damian Mnohohrichny, de la rive gauche 1668–1672
Michel Khanenko, de la rive droite 1669–1674
Jean Samoïlovytch 1672–1687
Jean Mazeppa 1687–1709
Jean Skoropadsky 1708–1722
(Philippe Orlyk 1710–)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Daniel Apostol 1727–1734
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cyrille Rozoumovsky 1750–1764
 Index des chapitres de la grande
histoire de l’Ukraine par M.
Hruchevsky.

Tome I, troisième édition 1913, p. 648.

Chapitre I. Informations préliminaires. Le pays et le peuple.
II. Époque préhistorique.
III. Renseignements historiques sur l’époque qui précéda la dissémination des
Slaves.
IV. La colonisation slave et l’invasion turque.
V. État de la civilisation des branches slaves à l’époque de leur dissémination
et après.
VI. La population et son organisation sociale.
VII. Les commencements du royaume russe.
VIII. D’Oleg à Sviatoslav.
IX. Constitution définitive de la puissance russe. L’époque de Vladimir le
Grand.
Appendices : L’ancienne chronique de Kiev. Théorie sur la provenance
scandinave des Russes.

Tome II, deuxième édition 1905, p. 533.

Chap. I. L’époque d’Iaroslav.
II. Démembrement de la puissance russe aux XIe–XIIe siècles.
III. Décadence de Kiev (jusqu’à l’expédition tartare de 1240).
 IV. Aperçu sur chacun des territoires : la Kiévie (en y comprenant le territoire de
Tourov-Pinsk), géographie, villes, vie politique et intellectuelle.
V. Les contrées de Tchernyhiv et de Péreïaslav.
VI. La Volhynie et la contrée du Bug.
VII. Les contrées carpathiennes : la Galicie et le pays au delà des Carpathes.
VIII. Les steppes : les restes de la colonisation slave dans les steppes ;
colonisation turque des steppes : les Petchenègues, les Torques, les Polovtses,
les Tartares mongols.

Tome III, deuxième édition 1905, page 587.

Chap. I. L’état de Galicie-Volhynie (XIIe–XIVe siècle) ; sa formation sous
Roman, l’époque de Danilo et de ses successeurs.
II. Les contrées du Dniéper inférieur dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle et
au commencement du XIVe, sous la domination tartare.
III. L’organisation politique et sociale des territoires ukrainiens aux XIe–XIIIe
siècles : système de gouvernement, les relations entre les princes, organisation
politique des territoires, gouvernement, justice, administration militaire et
financière, organisation de l’église et son histoire ; les couches sociales.
IV. Les mœurs et la civilisation : relations économiques. Le droit. Les mœurs :
relations familiales ; les défauts de la société représentés par les moralistes ;
tableaux des mœurs. Le Christianisme et son influence spirituelle. Créations
artistiques. L’école et l’éducation. Les livres et la création littéraire : littérature
originale et traductions.

Tome IV, deuxième édition de 1907, p. 538.

I. Occupation des territoires ukrainiens par la Lithuanie et la Pologne ; la
Lithuanie rassemble les territoires ukrainiens ; la guerre à cause de la Galicie-
Volhynie et réunion au grand-duché de Lithuanie des pays de Tchernyhiv, de Kiev
et de Podolie.
II. Les territoires ukrainiens sous la domination lithuano-polonaise au tournant
des XIVe et XVe siècles ; la Pologne et la Hongrie se disputent la Galicie ; union
dynastique de la Lithuanie avec la Pologne et opposition contre l’incorporation du
Grand Duché par les Polonais : changements dans l’organisation et l’état politique
du grand-duché de Lithuanie.
III. Les territoires ukrainiens sous la domination lithuano-polonaise au XVe
siècle. Les événements à la mort de Vitovte ; l’époque de Casimir et du grand-duc
Alexandre ; affaiblissement de l’union ; la situation nationale, l’irredenta
ukrainienne.
 IV. Changements dans les steppes ukrainiennes et sur les rivages de la Mer
Noire. La formation de la horde de Crimée et les dévastations tartares.
V. Réunion des territoires ukrainiens à la Pologne — l’affaire de l’union au XVIe
siècle et réunion des territoires ukrainiens à la Pologne en 1569.

Tome V, première édition de 1905, p. 687.

I. Aperçu général de l’évolution sociale et politique des pays ukrainiens sous le
régime lithuano-polonais (XIVe–XVIIe siècles).
II. L’évolution de la structure sociale : la noblesse foncière, formation de la
classe des nobles et des magnats sur les terres ukrainiennes.
III. Les paysans — leurs diverses classes, restrictions des droits personnels, la
corvée et son histoire.
IV. La bourgeoisie, l’élément ukrainien dans les villes. Le clergé noir et blanc
(séculier).
V. L’administration civile : les restes de l’ancien schéma russe et leur
dépérissement, introduction en Ukraine de l’organisation et du système
administratif polonais ; formation de cette organisation aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles.
Organisation municipale. Organisation des campagnes.
VI. Organisation religieuse : état du clergé au XVe–XVIe siècles, les relations de
l’église orthodoxe et de l’état en Pologne et dans le grand-duché de Lithuanie,
l’organisation intérieure et les mœurs ; désorganisation de l’église orthodoxe au
XVIe siècle.
VII. Création de l’église uniate : essais de l’union au XIVe et XVe siècles, efforts
dans ce but dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle et son exécution vers 1590. Le
concile de Beresté en 1596, attitude de la société à son égard.

Tome VI, de la première édition 1907, p. 670.

I. Vie économique des territoires ukrainiens aux XIVe–XVIIe siècles : le
commerce du XIVe au XVIe siècle, son organisation ; réglementation
gouvernementale ; organisation des métiers ; décadence de la vie urbaine.
II. Exploitation agricole paysanne du XIVe au XVIIe siècles : le vieux système
d’exploitation ; formes d’industrie fondées sur le système agricole.
III. La civilisation et la vie nationale ; les nationalités et les éléments nationaux
dans la noblesse, la bourgeoisie et la classe paysanne.
IV. Les mœurs et la civilisation : traditions nationales et religieuses dans la
société ukrainienne, la vie intellectuelle et les mœurs.
V. Le mouvement intellectuel et religieux en Ukraine au XVIe siècle, la
renaissance nationale et les commencements de la lutte intellectuelle et nationale,
le mouvement des confréries.
 VI. La lutte pour et contre l’union après sa proclamation : polémiques littéraires
et luttes politiques, oppression administrative et la débâcle des orthodoxes dans
les premières décades du XVIIe siècle.

Tome VII, de la première édition 1909, p. 638.

I. Ukraine méridionale de l’est aux XVe et XVIe siècles.
II. Commencement de l’organisation des cosaques ukrainiens.
III. Croissance et perfectionnement des organisations cosaques dans les
avant-dernières décades du XVIe siècle.
IV. Premières guerres des cosaques.
V. L’Ukraine orientale et les organisations cosaques sur le seuil du XVIIe siècle.
Importance sociale des organisations cosaques.
VI. Les conditions politiques dans les premières décades du XVIIe siècle et leur
influence sur le développement de la cosaquerie.
VII. Les organisations cosaques au service des aspirations nationales
ukrainiennes. Le mouvement civilisateur de Kiev et la résurrection de la hiérarchie
orthodoxe.

Tome VIII, de la première édition en trois parties, 1913–7, page 802.

I. Sous la devise de la loyauté (1626–1628).
II. Conflit et guerre de 1630.
III. L’interrègne et la « satisfaction des orthodoxes », les affaires religieuses en
1630–40.
IV. Les affaires cosaques de 1632 à 1637.
V. Guerres de 1637–38.
VI. Le « calme d’or » 1638–1647 ; colonisation de l’autre côté du Dniéper.
VII. « Causes et origine des guerres de Chmelnytsky ».
VIII. Chmelnytsky et le soulèvement de 1648.
IX. A la recherche d’un compromis (été de 1648).
X. Guerre d’automne et armistice d’hiver (1648).
XI. Les nouveaux plans ukrainiens et la rupture définitive avec la Pologne. La
guerre de 1649.
XII. La paix de Zboriv et son impossibilité.
Appendice : Les sources historiques de l’époque de Chmelnytsky et sa
littérature.
 Errata.

p. 8 au lieu Dereylianes lire : Dérevlianes.

de
” 21 l. 34 ” 1034 ” vers 1035.
” 22 ” 36 ” Tchernihiv ” Tchernihov (Tchernihiv, prononciation
moderne : Tchernyhiv).
” 23 ” 17 ” Tamatarkha ” Tamatarque.
” 28 ” 28 ” Touro-Pinsk ” Tourov-Pinsk.
” 33 ” Lvov ” Lvov (prononciation moderne : Lviv).
” ” ” Halyth ” Halytch (pron. mod.)
” ” ” Mechyboche ” Mejyboje.
” 51 ” 7 ” 1408 ” 1401.
” 87 ” 14 ” Dachkevytch ” Dachkovytch.
” 154 ” 7 ” Oujhorod ” Uzhorod (Oujhorod).
 TABLE DES MATIÈRES.

Avant propos VII

I. L’Ukraine 1
II. Le peuple ukrainien 5
III. Royaume de Kiev 10
IV. Le Christianisme 14
V. Développement de la vie sociale et nationale sur de
nouveaux principes 18
VI. La vie intellectuelle 23
VII. Décadence des contrées du Dniéper. Le nouveau
monde russe et ses prétentions 27
VIII. L’Ukraine Occidentale 34
IX. L’invasion mongole et ses conséquences 38
X. Les princes de Lithuanie et ceux de Pologne se
rendent maîtres des principautés ukrainiennes 43
XI. La lutte pour s’emparer de la Galicie et de la
Volhynie. — L’union de 1385 47
XII. Conséquences de l’Union 51
XIII. Incorporation des pays ukrainiens à la Pologne.
Progrès de la différenciation des nationalités
slaves orientales 54
XIV. L’expansion polonaise en Ukraine 59
 XV. Modifications sociales apportées par le régime 63
polonais
XVI. Antagonisme des nationalités 66
XVII. La bourgeoisie des villes. Les confréries 71
XVIII. L’union des églises ; les luttes religieuses et
nationales qu’elle provoqua. Première
renaissance ukrainienne 76
XIX. Les cosaques deviennent les représentants des
intérêts nationaux. Les débuts de leur
organisation 83
XX. La population afflue en Ukraine orientale, qui
redevient le centre de la vie nationale. L’époque
de Sahaïdatchny 89
XXI. Les relations ukraino-polonaises entre 1620 et 1640.
L’insurrection de Bohdan Chmelnytsky 96
XXII. L’Ukraine orientale se sépare de la Pologne et s’unit
à la Moscovie 101
XXIII. Divergences avec la Moscovie. Essais de séparation 107
XXIV. L’Ukraine entre la Pologne, la Moscovie et la Turquie 113
XXV. L’époque de Mazeppa 119
XXVI. L’alliance avec la Suède et l’intervention turque 124
XXVII. Dommages causés à la vie ukrainienne par Pierre le
Grand 131
XXVIII. Les derniers temps des libertés de l’Ukraine 137
XXIX. L’autonomie de l’Ukraine finit par disparaître 142
XXX. L’Ukraine occidentale et l’Ukraine de la rive droite du
Dniéper 149
XXXI. Dépérissement de la vie nationale dans la seconde
moitié du XVIIIe siècle 157
XXXII. La renaissance se prépare 165
XXXIII. La renaissance ukrainienne dans la première moitié
du XIXe siècle 171
XXXIV. La Confrérie de Cyrille et de Méthode 180
XXXV. 1848–1863 184
 XXXVI. L’édit de 1876 191
XXXVII. Les dernières décades du XIXe siècle 197
XXXVIII. Au tournant du siècle (1898–1906) 202
XXXIX. La réaction et la guerre (1907–1916) 207
XL. La révolution. Proclamation de la République
Ukrainienne 214
Cartes : Les tribus slaves de l’Ukraine (Xe–XIe siècles) 8
Frontières politiques aux XIIe–XIIIe siècles 33
L’Ukraine aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles (avant
l’insurrection de Chmelnytsky) 80
L’Ukraine Orientale de l’époque de Mazeppa 128
L’Ukraine au XIXe siècle 177
Appendices : Principaux événements par ordre chronologique 240
Listes des princes de Kiev et de Galicie-Volhynie et des
hetmans de l’Ukraine 245
Index des chapitres de la grande histoire de l’Ukraine 251
Errata 254
INSTITUT SOCIOLOGIQUE UKRAINIEN
Siège principal à Kiev
Bureau à l’étranger à Prague
(Letna, rue Dobrovski 28 II.)

Prix 6 fr. 50 c.
(valeur française)
 NOTE DU TRANSCRIPTEUR
Les errata ont été corrigés dans la mesure du possible
(les images des cartes, pages 8 et 33, n’ont pas été
retouchées).
On a également corrigé environ cinq cents erreurs
typographiques manifestes qui ont échappé à la bonne
volonté de l’imprimeur tchèque. Les noms propres ont été
laissés conformes à l’original, incluant les nombreuses
variantes.
On s’est permis en outre de franciser la typographie, en
utilisant la ligature œ (au lieu de oe), des guillemets
« français » (au lieu des guillemets » inversés «), des
italiques (au lieu de lettres e sp a cé e s), et en écrivant
« XIXe siècle » (au lieu de « XIX siècle ») et « Pierre Ier » (au
lieu de « Pierre I »).
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ABRÉGÉ DE
L'HISTOIRE DE L'UKRAINE ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright
in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and
distribute it in the United States without permission and without
paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General
Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to
abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using
and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project
Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this
agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms
of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with
its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it
without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it
away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg
License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.
 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute
this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at
no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a
means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
 about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project

Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite
these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the
medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,”
such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt
data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other
medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -

Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU
AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE,
STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH
OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER
THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If

you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or
entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set

forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the

Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project