MIMO and Multiple Antenna Access

variable
running

y
 MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
eachantenna
 MT transmit and MR receive antennas

y havediffimpulse response
instantaneous bandpass impulse response between receive antenna 𝑖
and transmit antenna j at time t
Note: in this chapter the data stream (bits after channel enc.) is denoted by b()

Channel
Transmitter Tx Receiver Rx

1
input
bit
say 4 physical
2 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation
Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax waveform
Multiple Receptions at Receive Antenna 𝑖

convolution
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4allfeedingand
tin overlap

4 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
 Input – Output relation:

− transmit signal vector:

− receive signal vector:
− general case of a time variant complex baseband channel impulse response matrix:

O
 Special case of time invariant channel responses (at least for short transmission
intervals):

Lichannel dem'tchangeactordigtotime
 Special case of time invariant flat frequency responses (at least for short
transmission intervals): reitorofsignals
it

Ioubandwidth
7 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation
Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax 4narrowafreq cel
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 bandwidth
It splitwideband intosubcarriers
 Model is applicable to OFDM sub band signals! t bandwidthsosmall
 frigselective in
Special case: time varying flat fading channel, e.g. within OFDM sub‐carrier
no
subcarrier
frequency band number 

 Single tap filter = time varying fading factor

 Special case: flat fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)

T t a fat

Avon
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8 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
 MIMO‐OFDM baseband model in case of flat fading and noise free
transmission

− time variant
− time invariant

(at least for the transmission period of a data packet, block fading channel)

 Vector notation for each of the MOFDM sub carriers according to

 Note: OFDM sub band / frequency index  is omitted in the sequel for ease of
notation, i.e. instead of and instead of

9 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Single Antenna: SISO Channel (Single Input Single Output)

 Consideration of the time‐invariant case (resp. block fading channel)

 Signals and noise powers: transmitpower

p

 SISO capacity:

11 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Capacity of SIMO Channels (1/4)

 𝑀𝑇 1 transmit antenna and M 𝑀 receive antennas

A be correlated
noise vector independent couldalso
 column vector suchasinterferes
with ciclor

 Note: in the SIMO case the channel matrix is a column vector

 Receive diversity combining / post processing of the signals

ttorelover e asbest as possible

13 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Capacity of SIMO Channels (3/4)

 Signal to noise ratio for

(perfect channel knowledge)
 Information signal component:
THI
 Effective noise contribution:

assumption

 SNR: somenoise
forallantennal
 Channel capacity

in rear in Snr withfactorM

 Best ideal case: no attenuation 𝑎𝑖𝑗 1, 𝑖 1, … , 𝑀 and 𝑗 1

15 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Capacity of MISO Channels (1/2)

 𝑀𝑇 𝑀 transmit antennas and M 1 receive antenna

A
hoptimal depends on
 Transmit Diversity Combining: channel matrix is known at transmitter H
rowvector
measurement i c
bypilotsquare

 Note: in the MISO case the ch. matrix is a row vector

 Transmission

17 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Capacity of MISO Channels (2/2)

 Signal to noise ratio:

4fromonerevivedantenna

0
 Best ideal case: no attenuation aij = 1, i = 1and j = 1 ,…, M

 MISO and SIMO are equivalent to each other

− SIMO: knowledge of the channel required at receiver
− MISO: knowledge of the channel required at the transmitter
(reverse transmission of channel measurements needed!!)
18 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation
Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax
Capacity of MIMO Channels (7/8)
Ym
q
 Signal to noise ratio for every sub‐channel 𝑖 1, … , 𝑀

 Capacity of every sub‐channel 𝑖 1, … , 𝑀

 Summation over all receive antennas

 Best ideal case: no attenuation 𝜆 1, 𝑖 1, … , 𝑀

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26 Lecture | Advanced Coding and Modulation h dcrease snit
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Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Jax

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