Voc Upper-inermediate sem2

Number, quantity, degree and intensity (pg108)

number Used for countable nouns
Amount Used for uncountables
Adjectives for expressing number and quantity

dozens Many; especially for countables

Scores of A large number of (usually formal)
Heaps/bags/loads/tons of Used with singular there is (not with there
are)
A drop (of) Tiny amount of any liquid
Utter(ly), total(ly), wholly Complete(ly)
(collocations with these words on page 108)
Numbers and shapes (more on pg 110)
arithmetic rekenkundig
+ addition
- Substraction
x Multiplication
: division
hemispheres Halve bollen
radius straal
circumference omtrek
Time (pg 112)
era Long period
A spell Indefinite but short period
stages Period of development or particular time in
a process
Phase A period which is part of a longer period,
can also mean the same as stage
For a time Vague; indefinite period
For the time being For now; not specific
At times Occasionally/ now and then
From time to time Sometimes but not often
In time At the right time/ with enough time to do
something
On time Punctual/ neither early nor late
Time and time again Many times; very emphatic and usually in
negative contexts
Over the course of time/ over the course of Used about long periods of time
the last two centuries
 Distances and dimensions (info on pg 114)
Obligation, need, possibility and probability (pg 116)
Be liable Obliged to pay
Mandatory Automatic; there is no alternative
Exempt Free from obligation
In need of Plant is in need of water
Need for We feel a need
Shortage There are not enough
Through lack of Had none or not enough
An absolute necessity Something you must have
Do without Survive or live without
Requirements Things you must do or need
An opportunity A real chance
Chance/ possibility Chance is more formal
Inevitable Is certain to happen
It is doubtful whether It may not improve
Sound and light (pg118)
sound neutral
Noise Loud, unpleasant sounds
Racket Very loud, unbearable noise, often of
human activity
Sounds words and things that typically make them

Sombre Serious, imposing

Types of light
 Possession and giving (pg 120)
Possessions Everything you own
Belongings Smaller things (bag, camera, coat) always
plural
(Housing) estate - Area containing a large number of
houses or apartments built close
together at the same time
- Land
- All his wealth
Proprietor Formal word for owner (used for shops,
businesses, etc)
Landlord/landlady Owner of rented property
Tenants The ones who rent it
Inherited Became the owner after someone’s death
To provide… for, provide… with ..
Supplies… with Often for ‘selling’ contexts
Caters for Looks after the needs of
Hand out/ give out Distribute
Gave it away Gave it free to someone
Movement and speed (pg 122)
swerve Move suddenly to the side
White clouds drift across the sky Move slowly
The flag fluttered Moved gently from side to side
The leaves stirred Moved slightly
The trees swayed Moved slowly from side to side
Crawling along Moving very slowly
Dawdling Moving more slowly than is necessary
The car tore along the road at high speed. …
Seconds later, a police car shot past after it
Creeping along Moving very slowly
Plodding Suggest heavy, often tired, movement
Cruising Travelling at a steady speed
Speed Used for vehicles, developments, changes,
etc
Rate Used in statistical contexts
Pace How you experience something as
happening fast or slow
Velocity Used in technical/scientific contexts
Not with a speed/rate/pace But at a speed/rate/pace
 Texture

Brightness

Weight and density

 Success

failure and difficulty

Time: connecting words and expressions (pg 128)

Prior to Formal/ written style
Previously Fairly formal, (before that is more informal)
 Earlier on Before then; fairly informal
Formerly Fairly formal; typically written, used when
something has changed its name,state,etc
Dinner will be ready in about an hour. In Between now and the time of the meal
the meantime/ Meanwhile, relax and have
a drink
(At) the very tile/ the very moment Stronger and more precise than as or just
as
Simultaneously Started and ended at exactly the same time
During Does not specify how long within a period
of time
Throughout From the beginning to the end of a period
of time
Following After
Subsequently At some time after that
Thereafter After finishing the … (in vb after finishing
the course)
Immediate Which happened at once
At some point At an unspecified time in the future
Condition (go to pg 130 I am tired)
Cause, reason, purpose and result (Again just go to pg 132 pfff)

Concession and contrast

 Addition

Referring words
Discourse markers in spoken English

Linking words in writing

Talking and communicating

Suffixes
Prefixes

Roots
 Abstract nouns

Compound adjectives
 Compound nouns 1: noun + noun

Compound nouns 2: verb + preposition