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Test Bank for Microeconomics 11th Edition Michael Parkin

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Microeconomics, 11e (Parkin)


Chapter 2 The Economic Problem

1 Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost

1) The production possibilities frontier is the boundary between


those combinations of goods and services that can be produced and those that can be consumed.
those resources that are limited and those that are unlimited.
those combinations of goods and services that can be produced and those that cannot.
those wants that are limited and those that are unlimited.
Answer: C
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

2) The production possibilities frontier is


upward sloping and reflects unlimited choices.
upward sloping and reflects tradeoffs in choices.
downward sloping and reflects unlimited choices.
downward sloping and reflects tradeoffs in
choices. Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

3) The production possibilities frontier


depicts the boundary between those combinations of goods and services that can be produced
and those that cannot given resources and the current state of technology.
shows how many goods and services are consumed by each person in a country.
is a model that assumes there is no scarcity and no opportunity cost.
is a graph with price on the vertical axis and income on the horizontal axis.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

The production possibilities frontier itself illustrates


A) all goods that can be produced by an economy.
B) the combination of goods and services that can be produced efficiently.
C) all goods and services that are desired but cannot be produced due to scarce
resources. D) all possible production of capital goods.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 1
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The production possibilities frontier is the boundary between those combination of goods and
services that can be
A) produced and those that can be consumed.
B) consumed domestically and those that can be consumed by
foreigners. C) produced and those that cannot be produced.
D) consumed and those that cannot be
produced. Answer: C
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

The production possibilities frontier itself shows


the maximum amount of resources available at any given time.
combinations of goods and services that do not fully use available resources.
the maximum rate of growth of output possible for an economy.
the maximum levels of production that can be attained.
Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

7) The production possibilities frontier represents


the maximum amount of labor and capital available to society.
combinations of goods and services among which consumers are indifferent.
the maximum levels of production that can be attained.
the maximum rate of growth of capital and labor in a country.
Answer: C
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Which of the following is NOT true concerning a society's production possibilities frontier
(PPF)? A) It reveals the maximum amount of any two goods that can be produced from a given
quantity of resources.
B) Tradeoffs occur when moving along a PPF.
C) Production efficiency occurs when production is on the frontier itself.
D) Consumers will receive equal benefits from the two goods illustrated in the PPF.
Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
9) The production possibilities frontier separates .
the goods and services that people want from those that they do not want
the types of goods that can be attained from those that can't be attained
the quantities of goods and services that can be produced from those that cannot be produced
the combinations of goods that people value and those that they don't
Answer: C
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

10) When producing at a production efficient point, .


our choice of the goods can be either on or within the production possibilities frontier
we can satisfy our all wants
the opportunity cost of another good is zero
we face a tradeoff and incur an opportunity cost
Answer: D
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Harry produces 2 balloon rides and 4 boat rides an hour. Harry could produce more balloon rides
but to do so he must produce fewer boat rides. Harry is his production possibilities frontier.
A) producing inside
B) producing on
C) producing outside
D) producing either inside or on
Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Production efficiency occurs when production _.


is at a point beyond the production possibilities frontier
is on the production possibilities frontier or inside it
is at any attainable point
is on the production possibilities frontier
Answer: D
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A point outside a production possibilities frontier
indicates A) that resources are not being used efficiently.
B) an output combination that society cannot attain given its current level of resources and technology.
C) that resources are being used very efficiently.
D) that both goods are characterized by increasing
costs. Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Which of the following is NOT illustrated by a production possibilities frontier?


scarcity
opportunity cost
necessity for choice
who gets the
goods Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

15) A production possibilities frontier figure does NOT illustrate


the limits on production imposed by our limited resources and technology.
the exchange of one good or service for another.
opportunity cost.
attainable and unattainable points.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Any production point outside the production possibilities frontier


is A) unattainable.
B) associated with unused resources.
C) attainable only if prices fall.
D) attainable only if prices rise.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements regarding the production possibilities frontier is
true? A) Points outside the frontier are attainable.
B) Points inside the frontier are attainable.
C) Points on the frontier are less efficient than points inside the
frontier. D) None of the above because all of the above statements are
false. Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Jane produces only corn and cloth. Taking account of her preferences for corn and
cloth A) makes her production possibilities frontier straighter.
B) makes her production possibilities frontier steeper.
C) makes her production possibilities frontier flatter.
D) does not affect her production possibilities
frontier. Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

On the vertical axis, the production possibilities frontier shows ; on the horizontal axis,
the production possibilities frontier shows .
A) the quantity of a good; the number of workers employed to produce the
good B) the quantity of a good; the price of the good
C) the quantity of a good; a weighted average of resources used to produce the
good D) the quantity of one good; the quantity of another good
Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Recognition
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Scarcity is represented on a production possibilities frontier figure by


the amount of the good on the horizontal axis forgone.
the fact that there are only two goods in the diagram.
technological progress.
the fact there are attainable and unattainable
points. Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The figure above shows Roger's production possibilities frontier. Point a is an point and
at that point production is .
A) attainable; efficient B)
attainable; inefficient C)
unattainable; inefficient
D) unattainable; efficient
Answer: B
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Analytical Skills

6
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The above figure illustrates that if this country wishes to move from its current production point
(labeled "Current") and have 10 more tons of food, it can do this by producing
A) 10 more tons of clothing.
B) 10 fewer tons of clothing.
C) 5 more tons of clothing.
D) 5 fewer tons of
clothing. Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Suppose the country of Popcorn produces only jets and corn. If Popcorn cannot produce any more
jets without giving up corn, we say that Popcorn has achieved
A) the highest marginal benefit.
B) production efficiency.
C) the lowest marginal cost.
D) the highest opportunity cost.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A society that is producing on its production possibilities frontier
is A) not utilizing all of its resources.
B) not being technologically efficient.
C) producing too much output.
D) fully utilizing all of its productive
resources. Answer: D
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

If a country must decrease current consumption to increase the amount of capital goods it produces
today, then it must
A) be using resources inefficiently today, but will be more efficient in the future.
B) be producing along the production possibilities frontier today and its production possibilities frontier
will shift outward if it produces more capital goods.
C) must be producing outside the production possibilities frontier and will continue to do so in
the future.
D) must not have private ownership of property and will have to follow planning authorities'
decisions today and in the future.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A country that must decrease production of one good in order to increase the production of another
A) must be using resources inefficiently.
B) must be producing on its production possibilities frontier.
C) must be producing beyond its production possibilities frontier.
D) must have private ownership of property.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

If an economy is operating at a point inside the production possibilities frontier, then


society's resources are being inefficiently utilized.
the PPF curve will shift inward.
society's resources are being used to produce too many consumer goods.
economic policy must retard further growth of the economy.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

8
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Any point on a production possibilities frontier (PPF) itself is
A) production efficient.
B) unattainable.
C) inefficient.
D) equitable.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

If production point is inside the production possibilities


frontier, A) it is not possible to produce more of both goods.
B) production is inefficient.
C) in order to produce more of one good, less of the other must be
produced. D) production is in the "unattainable" region.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Modified 10th edition
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

If a society is operating at a point inside its production possibilities frontier, then this
society's A) resources are being inefficiently utilized.
B) production possibilities frontier will shift rightward.
C) resources are being used in the most efficient
manner. D) economy will grow too fast.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A president of the United States promises to produce more defense goods without any decreases
in the production of other goods. This promise can be valid
A) if the United States is producing at a point on its production possibilities frontier. B) if
the United States is producing at a point inside its production possibilities frontier. C) if
the United States is producing at a point beyond its production possibilities frontier. D)
only if the production possibilities frontier shifts rightward.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

9
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Using the production possibilities frontier model, unemployment is described as producing at a
point A) on the exact middle of the PPF curve.
B) on either end of the PPF
curve. C) inside the PPF curve.
D) outside the PPF curve.
Answer: C
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A reduction in the amount of unemployment


shifts the production possibilities frontier outward.
moves the economy's point of production closer to the production possibilities frontier.
moves the economy's point of production along the production possibilities frontier.
moves the economy's point of production further away from the production possibilities frontier.
Answer: B
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A point inside a production possibilities frontier A)


could indicate that some resources are unemployed. B)
is unattainable.
C) is more efficient than points on the production possibilities frontier.
D) implies that too much capital and not enough labor are being used.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

A point inside a production possibilities frontier


could indicate that resources are misallocated.
is more efficient than a point on the production possibilities frontier.
reflects the fact that more technology needs to be developed to fully employ all resources.
implies that too much labor and not enough capital is being used.
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

10
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Production points inside the production possibilities frontier
A) are unattainable.
B) are attainable only with the full utilization of all resources. C)
are associated with unused or misallocated resources.
D) result in more rapid
growth. Answer: C
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

When resources are assigned to inappropriate tasks, that is, tasks for which they are not the best
match, the result will be producing at a point
A) where the slope of the PPF is positive.
B) where the slope of the PPF is zero.
C) inside the PPF.
D) outside the PPF.
Answer: C
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Some time ago the government of China required many highly skilled technicians and scientists to
engage in unskilled agricultural labor in order to develop "proper social attitudes." This policy
probably caused China to produce
A) at an inappropriate point along its production possibilities frontier.
B) outside its production possibilities frontier with respect to food, but inside with respect to
high-technology goods.
C) inside its production possibilities frontier with respect to food, but outside with respect to
high-technology goods.
D) inside its production possibilities frontier.
Answer: D
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Sam's production possibilities frontier has good A on the horizontal axis and good B on the
vertical axis. If Sam is producing at a point inside his frontier, then he
A) can increase production of both goods with no increase in
resources. B) is fully using all his resources.
C) values good A more than good B.
D) values good B more than good
A. Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

11
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A situation in which some resources are NOT fully utilized is represented in a production
possibilities frontier diagram by
A) any point on either the horizontal or the vertical
axis. B) the midpoint of the production possibilities
frontier. C) a point outside the production possibilities
frontier. D) a point inside the production possibilities
frontier. Answer: D
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Consider the PPF for office buildings and housing shown in the figure above. Which point in the
diagram shows that resources to produce office buildings and housing are being misallocated, unused, or
both?
A) Point F
B) Point G
C) Point H
D) Point I
Answer: A
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Conceptual
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

12
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Refer to the production possibilities frontier in the figure above. Which production point
indicates that resources are NOT fully utilized or are misallocated?
A) Point a
B) Point b
C) Point c
D) Point e
Answer: C
Topic: Production Efficiency
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Refer to the production possibilities frontier in the figure above. Which production point is
unattainable?
A) Point a
B) Point b
C) Point c
D) Point e
Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

13
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Refer to the production possibilities frontier in the figure above. Production point
represents an production point.
A) b; unattainable.
B) c; unattainable.
C) e; inefficient.
D) c; inefficient.
Answer: D
Topic: Production Possibilities Frontier
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

In the figure above, moving from production at point d to production at point a requires
technological change.
a decrease in unemployment.
decreasing the output of consumer goods in order to boost the output of capital goods.
both capital accumulation and a decrease in unemployment.
Answer: C
Topic: Tradeoff
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Refer to the production possibilities frontier in the figure above. Suppose a country is producing
at point a. A movement to point means that the country .
A) d; must give up 20 million capital
goods B) e; is not operating efficiently
C) d; gives up 10 million consumer
goods. D) b; is producing at an inefficient
point. Answer: A
Topic: Opportunity Cost
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

Refer to the production possibilities frontier in the figure above. If the country moves from point a
to point c, the opportunity cost of the move is
A) 30 million capital goods.
B) 20 million capital goods.
C) 10 million capital goods.
D) 10 million consumption
goods. Answer: B
Topic: Opportunity Cost
Skill: Analytical
Status: Previous edition, Chapter 2
AACSB: Analytical Skills

14
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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[Contents]

Camaxtli, a deity, 313 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 313;
myth of, 313–14

Cannibalism, ceremonial, 215

Ce itzcuintli, festival of, 277

Cereal-gods, 12

Chalchihuitl, a precious stone, 26

Chalchihuitlicue, a water-goddess, 52, 256 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 257–9;
myths of, 259–60;
festivals of, 260;
priesthood of, 260;
nature and status, 260–2

Chalchiutotolin, the turkey, 111 (note)

Chantico, a goddess, 180, 280 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 280–1;
myths of, 281–2;
festival of, 282;
temple and priesthood of, 282;
nature and status of, 282–3

Chicaunaztli (“Rain-rattle”), 189

Chichimecs, a Nahua tribe of the steppes, 4, 9

Chicomecoatl, a maize-goddess, 153, 164–5;


aspect and insignia, 170;
myths of, 170–1;
festivals of, 171–2;
priesthood of, 172–3;
temples of, 173;
nature and status of, 173–4

Chicomecoatl iteopan (“Temple of Chicomecoatl”), 173

Chicunaui itzcuintli, the festival of, 282


Cinteotl, a maize-god, 162, 163, 164;
aspect and insignia of, 174;
myths of, 175–6;
festivals of, 176–7;
temples of, 177;
priesthood of, 177–8;
nature and status of, 179

Cipactli, the earth-monster, 13

Ciuacoatl, a goddess. Aspect and insignia, 179–80;


myths of, 180–2;
temples of, 182;
nature and status of, 182–3

Ciuapipiltin. See Ciuateteô

Ciuateteô, deified dead women, 168, 176, 388 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 353–5;
myths of, 355;
nature and status, 355–8

Ciuatlampa, Region of the West, 60

Coatlicue, a goddess, colossal figure of, 14;


as a primitive fetish, 16, 73 ff., 154;
in general, 183 ff.;
aspect and insignia, 183;
statues of, 183–5;
myth of, 185;
festival of, 185–6;
nature and status of, 186–7

Codex Borgia group, place of origin of, 6

Codex Chimalpopocâ. See Annals of Quauhtitlan

Codices, or native paintings, 5–7;


Interpretative, 8;
place of origin, 6;
illustrations in, 65 (note);
bibliography of, 380–3

Cosmogony, 36–64

Coxcox, fallacy of myth concerning, 53–4


Coyolxauhqui, a goddess, 74, 77, 78, [385]79, 185, 324;
aspect and insignia, 324;
myths of, 324;
nature and status, 324

Creation myths, 36–64;


common basis of, 51–2

Creative gods, 12, 36–7, 146 ff.

Cuesteca, Huaxtec priests of goddess Tlazolteotl, 166, 167

[Contents]

Day-gods, 362–3

Deer, the two-headed, 181

Deluge, myths of the, 52 ff.

[Contents]

Earth, gods of the, 153 ff.;


their relations to one another, 154–6

Earth, the, as a monster, 13

Earth-mother, the, 13–14;


equated with the earth-dragon, 14;
Tonacaciuatl as, 151

Ecatonatiuh (“Wind-sun”), a period in Mexican cosmogony, 38

Elements of growth, deification of the, 13

Etzalqualitztli, the festival of, 249–51


[Contents]

Festivals. See Tonalamatl

“Fetish” origin of certain Mexican deities, 16 ff.

Fire-gods, 268 ff.

Flaying of victims after sacrifice, 162

[Contents]

Glossary of Mexican words, 382–3

Gods of Mexico, classified, 12;


fall of the, 55–7;
regional, 59;
method of treatment of, in this work, 65;
of rain and moisture, 234 ff.;
of fire, 268 ff.;
of octli or pulque, 285 ff.;
as represented by the heavenly bodies, 300 ff.;
of death, 327 ff.;
of the days, 362–3;
of the weeks, 363;
of creation, 146 ff.;
the greater gods, 65 ff.;
of the earth and growth, 153 ff.;
variants of the, 336 ff.;
the minor, 344 ff.

Grain, deification of the, 14–15

Gucumatz, Quiche name of Quetzalcoatl, q.v.

[Contents]
H

Heavens, supporters of the, 60;


the Aztec, 61

Historia de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas, 48–51

Homeyoca, abode of the creators, 62

Hurakan, Quiche name of Tezcatlipocâ, 138–9

[Contents]

Ilamatecutli, a goddess, 229;


aspect and insignia, 229–30;
myths of, 230;
festivals of, 230–2;
nature and status of, 232–3

Interpretative Codices, 8

Itzlacoliuhqui-ixquimilli, a deity, 337

Itzpapalotl, a goddess, 223;


aspect and insignia, 223–5;
myths of, 225–6;
nature and status of, 277–8

Itztli, 336–7

Ixcuiname, a group of goddesses, 159–60

Ixnextli, a goddess, 190

Ixtlilton, a deity, 349 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 350–1;
nature and status, 351–2

Izcalli, the festival of, 275

Iztac Mixcoatl, a deity, 312 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 312–13
[Contents]

Kukulkan, Maya name of Quetzalcoatl, 133 ff.

[Contents]

Lords of the Night, 364

[Contents]

Macuiltochtli, an octli-god, 297;


aspect and insignia, 298;
nature and status of, 298

Macuilxochitl-Xochipilli, a deity, 178, 196;


aspect and insignia, 196–7, 198–9;
statues of, 197–8, 199–200;
myth of, 200–1;
festival of, 201–2;
nature and status of, 202–3

Matlalcuêyê, a goddess, 191, 265;


aspect and insignia, 265–6;
nature and status, 266

Mayauel, a goddess, 175, 294 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 295–6;
myths of, 296–7;
nature and status of, 297

Medicine, Patecatl, the god of, 292 ff.

Metztli, the Moon-god, 308 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 308–9;
myths of, 309;
nature and status of,309–10

Mexican races, history of, 2–4;


subject to the Aztecâ, 3–4

Mexican religion, type of, 1–2;


[386]
antiquity of, 4–5;
literature of, 5–8;
origins of, 8–10;
opposing forces in, 9, 10;
at the period of the Conquest, 9–10;
evidences of primitive influences in, 10 ff.;
animism in, 16;
cultural elements in, 122

Mictecaciuatl, 331 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 331–2;
nature and status, 332

Mictlampa, Region of the Dead, 60, 63–4

Mictlantecutli, god of the dead, 63, 64, 327 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 327–30; myths of, 330–1;
nature and status of, 331

Minor deities, 344 ff.

Mixcoatl, 181, 310 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 310–11;
statuary and paintings, 311–12;
festivals of, 315–16;
temples, 316–17;
nature and status of, 317–19

Monachism in Mexico, 9, 10

Moon, creation of, 40 ff.

Moon-god, 308 ff.

Motecuhzoma II, wears Xipe’s dress, 207

Mother-sheaf, the, 174


[Contents]

Nagualism, 18

Nahuatl language, 2

Nahua, the, 2–3;


of Anahuac separated from those of the south-west, 6

Nanahuatzin, a deity, 43

Napatecutli, a deity, 264;


nature and status, 264–5

Nauollin, the festival of, 303

Nemontemi, the, or unlucky days, 369–70

[Contents]

Obsidian, the cult of, 27 ff. See also Tezcatlipocâ

Ochpaniztli, the festival of, 161–5, 172

Octli, or pulque (drink), the gods of, 286 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 285;
general allusions to, 286;
festivals of, 287;
nature and status of, 287–8

Omacatl, 352–3

Opochtli, a deity, 266;


aspect and insignia of, 266;
nature and status of, 266–7

Original gods of Mexico, the, 12

[Contents]
P

Panquetzalitztli, the festival of, 70–3

Patecatl, the god of medicine, 292 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 292–3;
myths of, 293;
nature and status, 294

Paynal, a deity, 339–40

Pedro de Rios, interpreter of Mexican codices, 8

“Pied Piper,” Xipe as, 209, 210

Piltzintecutli, the Sun-god, 190

Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Quiches, 135 ff.

Pueblo Indians, religion of the, 11

Pulque-gods. See Octli-gods

[Contents]

Quail, the, Xipe as, 220

Quaitl eloa, the festival of, 246

Quaxolotl, a goddess, 283 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 283–4;
nature and status of, 284

Quecholli, the festival of, 193

Quetzalcoatl, a deity. His religion, 10, 24 ff.;


amalgamation of his cult with the solar cult, 21–2;
his aspect and insignia, 117–21;
wall-paintings of, 122;
statuary of, 121–2;
myths of, 123–36;
festivals of, 136;
priesthood of, 136–7;
temples of, 137;
nature and status of, 137–44;
etymology of name, 144–5;
his costumes sent to Cortéz, 119;
as the planet Venus, 122, 129;
Central American myths regarding him, 133 ff.;
as the trade wind, 138 ff.;
Toltec and Huaxtec connections of, 139–40;
criticism of the later elements of his myth, 141 ff.;
connection with the fountain of youth myth, 141;
development of his conception, 142 ff.

[Contents]

Rain-cult of Mexico, 11–15, 18, 23

Rain, different varieties of, 15

Rain, gods of, 234 ff.

Religion. See Mexican religion

Religious idea, homogeneous nature of, in Mexico, 33–4

[Contents]

Sacrifice, human, 19–20, 193

Sahagun, Bernardino, his Historia General, 7;


his method, 8

Seler, Professor Eduard, on place of origin of Mexican codices, 6 [387]

Skins, wearing of human. See Xipe, passim

Sky-father, Tonacatecutli as, 151

Spanish writers on Mexican religion, 7–8


Spinden, Dr. J. H., on place of origin of Mexican codices, 6

Stellar and planetary gods, 300 ff.

Sun and moon, creation myths of, 42 ff.

Sun, the, not at first regarded as an agency of growth, 13

Sun-god, 300 ff.

Suns as world ages. See Cosmogony

[Contents]

Tamoanchan, the paradise of the west, 175

Tecciztecatl, a moon-god, 43

Tecuilhuitontli, the festival of, 262

Temalacatl, or stone of combat, 214

Teotleco, the festival of, 102–3

Teoyaomiqui, a goddess, 184

Tepeyollotl, an earth-god, 332 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 332–3;
myths of, 333–4;
nature and status of, 334–5

Tepoxtecatl, an octli-god, 291 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 291;
temple, 291;
nature and status, 291–2

Teteo innan, a goddess, 153

Tezcatlipocâ, a deity. As obsidian, 29–31; 110 ff.;


as a turkey, 111 (note);
aspect and insignia, 91–7;
festivals of, 97–103;
myths of, 103–10;
nature and status, 110–11;
red and black forms of, 96 ff.;
as Xipe, 205

Tezcatzoncatl, a deity, 289 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 289–90;
myth of, 290;
nature and status, 290

Tititl, festivals of, 230

Tlacacozcaquauhtli, the vulture god, 188

Tlacaxipeuliztli, the festival of, 212–17

Tlachitonatiuh (“Earth-sun”), a period in Mexican cosmogony

Tlachtli, the Mexican game of, 176

Tlaloc, the Rain-god. Prayer to, 12;


his pluvial character, 15;
elements of his cult, 23–4;
mention of, 189, 191;
aspect and insignia of, 236–41;
statuary and vases, 241–2;
myths of, 242–6;
festivals of, 246;
temples of, 252–3;
priesthood, 254;
prayers to, 254;
nature and status, 254–6

Tlalocan, the paradise of Tlaloc, 15, 61–2

Tlaloquê, the servants of Tlaloc, 15, 242–6

Tlalxicco, interior of the earth, 59

Tlamacasque, a priest, 187, 188

Tlapcopa, Region of the East, 5–9

Tlatauhqui Cinteotl (“Temple of Red Maize”), 177

Tlauizcalpantecutli, 319 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 319–22;
nature and status, 322–4

Tlaxochimaco, the festival of, 69–70


Tlazolteotl, a goddess, 156 ff.;
aspect and insignia, 156–9;
myths of, 159;
sacrifice to, by shooting with arrows, 159–60;
hymn to, 160–1;
festivals of, 161–5;
ritual of, 165–6;
temple of, 166;
priesthood of, 166;
nature and status of, 166–9

Tlillan calmecac, temple of Ciuacoatl, 182

Tloque nahuaque, the creative spirit, 148

Toci, a goddess, 152

Toctitlan (“Place of our Grandmother”), temple of Tlazolteotl, 165, 166

Tollan, city of, 10

Toltec civilization, the, 10

Tomiauhtecutli, a deity, 299;


aspect and insignia, 299;
nature and status, 299

Tonacaciuatl, a creative goddess, 147 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 147–8;
myth of, 148–50;
nature and status, 150–2

Tonacatecutli, a creative deity, 146 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 146–7;
myths, 148–50;
nature and status, 150–2

Tonalamatl, the, a book of fate and fortune. See Appendix, 359 ff.;
nature of, 359–60;
day-signs of, 360–1;
in tabular form, 361–2;
day-gods of, 362–3;
gods of the “weeks,” 363;
“Lords of the Night,” or Acompañados, in, 364;
lords of the day-hours in, 365;
festivals included in the, 366;
recapitulation of information regarding the, 366;
solar calendar and the, 367;
names of the years, 368;
the calendar-round, 368–9;
the nemontemi, 369–70;
Venus period and the, 370;
bibliography of the, 373

Tonatiuh, the Sun-god, 300 ff.;


aspect and insignia of, 300–2;
wall-paintings [388]of, 302;
myths of, 302–3;
festivals of, 303;
nature and status, 303–5

Totec tlamacasque, the high-priest of Uitzilopochtli, 81

Totemism, 17–18

Totochtin, an octli-god, 298;


aspect and insignia, 298–9;
nature and status, 299

Totoltecatl, an octli-god, 297;


aspect and insignia, 297

Toxcatl festival, 97 ff.

Tozozontli festival, 248–9

Trade wind, Quetzalcoatl as the, 138 ff.

Tree of the East, 58;


of the North, 58;
of the South, 59;
of the West, 58

Tzitzimimê, demons of the air, 324 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 325;
myths of, 325;
nature and status, 325–6

[Contents]

Uei tecuilhuitl, festival of, 221


Uei Tozoztli, festival of, 171

Uitzilopochtli, a deity, 16, 17, 66 ff.;


aspect and insignia of, 66–9;
festivals of, 69–73, 73–80;
hymns to, 80–81;
priesthood of, 81;
temple of, 81–3;
nature and status of, 83–91;
etymology of the name, 83–5

Uitzlampa, region of the earth, 60

Uixtociuatl, 262 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 262;
festivals, 262–3;
nature and status, 263

Universe, Mexican conception of the, 57 ff.

[Contents]

Variants of the great gods, 336 ff.

Venus period, the, 370

Votan, the Central American name of Quetzalcoatl, 133 ff.

[Contents]

“Week” gods, 363

Witches, Mexican, 168–9, 355–8

World, regions of the, 57 ff.


[Contents]

Xalaquia, a sacrificed virgin, 13–14

Xilonen, a grain-deity, 221;


aspect and insignia, 221;
festival, 221;
priesthood, 222;
nature and status, 222–3

Xipe Totec, a deity, 203;


aspect and insignia, 204–8;
masks, vases, etc., of, 206;
statues, 206–7;
elements of his insignia, 207–8;
myths, 208–12;
song of, 211;
festival of, 212–7;
temples of, 217–8;
priesthood of, 218;
nature and status of, 218–20

Xiuhtecutli, a fire-god, 268 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 268–70;
myths of, 271–3;
festivals of, 273–8;
temple of, 278;
priesthood of, 278;
nature and status of, 278

Xochicalco, pyramid of, 194

Xochilhuitl, festival of, 201–2

Xochipilli, a deity, 176, 177, 178, see Macuilxochitl-Xochipilli

Xochiquetzal, a goddess, 187 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 187–9;
pottery figures of, 189;
myths of, 189–92;
festivals of, 192–4;
temples of, 194;
nature and status, 194

Xochtecatl, mountain of, 194–195


Xocohuetzi, festival of, 273

Xolotl, a deity, 344 ff.;


aspect and insignia, 344–6;
wall-paintings of, 346;
pottery figures of, 346–7;
myths of, 347–8;
nature and status of, 348–9

[Contents]

Yacatecutli, a deity, 340 ff.

Yappan, a hermit, myth of, 191–2

Yzpuzteque, a god of the Underworld, 63

[Contents]

Zapotlantenan, a goddess, 228;


aspect and insignia, 228;
priesthood, 228–9;
nature and status, 229

[Contents]

Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld.,


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Metadata

Title: The gods of Mexico


Author: Lewis Spence (1874– Info
1955) https://viaf.org/viaf/76461360/
File generation date: 2023-08-27 19:20:54
UTC
Language: English
Original publication 1923
date:

Revision History

2023-07-23 Started.

Corrections

The following corrections have been applied to the text:

Page Source Correction Edit


distance
ix Americaine Américaine 1/0
x, 139,
373, 380 [Not in source] , 1
xi . [Deleted] 1
1, 323 connexions connections 2
Passim. connexion connection 2
21, 121,
208, 388 [Not in source] . 1
33 understanded understood 4
39 that than 1
45 Mimizcoa Mimixcoa 1
50 sun age 3
61 Tlauizcalpan-
tecutli Tlauizcalpantecutli 1
72 sacrified sacrificed 1
82 Pallisado Palisado 1
82 Pallissado Palisado 2
127 Chichemacatl Chichemecatl 1
146 torquoises turquoises 1
150, 374 . , 1
162 Axtec Aztec 1
163 Vaticanns Vaticanus 1
196 . : 1
211 Uber Über 1/0
224 Cordex Codex 1
248 firstfruits first fruits 1
255 Popocatapetl Popocatepetl 1
258 hieroplyph hieroglyph 1
262 these those 1
272 Xuihtecutli Xiuhtecutli 2
279, 306 , . 1
280 Feuergotter Feuergötter 1/0
280 Verstandniss Verständnis 2/1
280 Mittelungen Mittheilungen 2
287 [Not in source] ” 1
296 : .— 2
338 Yztlacoliuhqui Ytzlacoliuhqui 2
348 Beitrage Beiträge 1/0
361 quiauhitl quiauitl 1
361 quauhitl quauhtli 2
371 fur für 1/0
374 Anales Annales 1
374 Munon Muñon 1/0
374 a à 1/0
375 Cristophe Christophe 1
376 Desiré Désiré 1/0
376 fur. für 2/1
376 verhand. Verhand. 1
376 Galérie Galerie 1/0
378 sprach Sprach- 2
379 Keene Keane 1
380 Oriental Orientale 1
381 Mixteco-
zapoteques Mixteco-zapotèques 1 / 0
381 arte-mexicano arte mexicana 2
386 ; , 1
387 Teteô Teteo 1/0
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