ARTA 111

ART
APPRECIATION
 BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
OF THE ART
Art has been created by all
people at all times, in all
countries and it lives because
its well-liked and enjoyed
Artinvolves experience; there
can never be appreciation of art
without experience.
 Art is not nature;
Nature is not art.
 Artis made by man;
 Art is everywhere.
  Art is man’s oldest means of expression;
 Art as a means of expression & communication.

HIEROGLYPHICS
 “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most
important means of expression developed by man”.
Human history has witnessed how man evolved not
just physically but also culturally, from cave painters
to men of exquisite paintbrush users of the present.
Even if one goes back to the time before written records
of man’s civilization has appeared, he can find cases of
man’s attempts of not just crafting tools to live and
survive but also expressing his feelings and thoughts.
The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira,
Spain is one such example. In 1879, a Spaniard and his
daughter were exploring a cave when they saw pictures
of a wild boar, hind, and bison.
The Galloping Wild Boar found in
the cave of Altamira, Spain.
 PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS

According to experts, these paintings

were purported to belong to Upper
Paleolithic Age, several thousands of
years before the current era. Pre-
historic men, with their crude
instruments, already showcased and
manifested earliest attempts at
recording man’s innermost interests,
preoccupations, and thoughts.
 Thehumanities, then, ironically, have
started even before the term has been
coined. Human persons have long been
exercising what it means to be a human
long before he was even aware of his
being one. The humanities stand tall in
bearing witness to this magnificent
phenomenon. Any human person, then, is
tasked to participate, if not, totally
partake in this long tradition of
humanizing himself.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

VISUAL ARTS
Is the kind of art form that the
population is most likely more
exposed to, but its variations are so
diverse they range from sculptures
that you see in art galleries to the
last movie you saw. Some mediums of
visual arts include paintings,
drawings, lettering, printing,
sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

FILM
Film refers to the art of
putting together successions
of still images in order to
create an illusion of
movement, Filmmaking
focuses on its aesthetic,
cultural, and social value
and is considered as both an
art and an industry.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Performance Art
Performance art is a live art and the
artist’s medium is mainly the human
body which he or she uses to perform,
but also employs other kind of art
such as visual art, props, or sound.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Poetry Performance
Poetry is an art form
where the artist
expresses his
emotions not by
using paint, charcoal,
or camera, but
expresses them
through words.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Architecture
Architecture – is the art of designing
and constructing buildings and other
types of structures.
It is often referred to as the “mother
of the arts” because it houses, serves
as background for, or occurs in
relation to other fields of art.
Materials used include stone, concrete,
brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Dance
Dance is series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Literary Art
Literary art goes beyond the
usual professional, academic,
journalistic, and other technical
form of writing. It focuses on
writing using a unique style, not
following a specific form or norm.
It may include both fiction and
non-fiction such as novels,
biographies and poems.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Theater
Theater uses live performers to present accounts or
imaginary events before a live audience. Theater art
performance usually follows a script, though they
should not be confused with literary arts.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Applied Arts
Applied arts incorporate elements of style
and design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in
this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort
into many things that are useful in everyday
life.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Applied Arts
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

A. AS A THERAPY
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
used as therapy for individuals with a variety
of illnesses, both physical and mental.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
B. ART AS ARTIFACT
Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a
particular time and place, an artwork represents the
ideas and technology of that specific time and
place. As we look back over history, we find in art
striking, and in some cases, the only, tangible
records of some peoples. The insights we gain into
cultures, including our own are enhanced
tremendously by such artifacts as paintings,
sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART

The personal functions of art are varied and highly
subjective. This means that its function depend on the
person- the artist who created the art.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
Art is considered to have a social
function if and when it addresses
a particular collective interest as
opposed to a personal interest.
Political art is a very common
example of an art with a social
function. Art may convey message
of protest, contestation, or
whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART

The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot
and understand. The physical functions of art can be
found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve
some physical purpose.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

F. Other Functions of Art

Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in
relation to function. Music in its original form was
principally functional. Music was used for dance and
religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen to
music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world
saw music only as an instrument to facilities worship
and invocation to gods. Music also was essential to
dance because music assures synchronicity among
dancers.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

F. Other Functions of Art

Art as a Representation

Art as a Disinterested Judgment

Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT AND CONTENT
 Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that
may be extracted from examining the artwork.
WHAT
?
• Content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the
artwork. W HY ?
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ta ti
es e n
p r
Re  These types of art have subjects that refer
a r t to object or events occurring in the real
world. Often, it is also termed figurative
art, because as the name suggest, the
figures depicted are easy to makes out
and decipher.
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ta ti
e s e n
p r
Re
a rt
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ti
e s e nta
n -R ep r
No  This art does not make a reference to the

a rt real world, whether it is a person, place,

thing, or even a particular event. It is
stripped down to visual elements such as
shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept.
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ti
e s e nta
n -R ep r
No
a rt

Jackson Pollock, detail

of “Number 1A”
Sources of Subject
NATURE S a c re d
Orienta
Texts l
RY
H IS TO Other wo
rk s o f a rt
Greek and Roman
Mythology
Ju d eo
- C h ri
Tradit stian
io n
Sources of Subject

R E
T U
N A
Vincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers"

Battle of Waterloo
RY
H IS TO

Greek and
Roman
Mythology
“Discobolus” – Greek original by the
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC
Sources of Subject
Sacred Oriental
Texts
Judeo- Christian
Tradition “"Shah Jahan Receiving
Dara Shikoh"
“Interior of Westminster

“Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo

Kinds of Subject
History L an d sc
ap e
L I F E
T I L L CITYSCAPE
S S eascap e
ANIMALS
Figures l o g y
N at y th o
u re M
Myth
Dreams
FANTASIES
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning

FACT
U AL
I V E
B J E CT
SU
CONV E N
T IO N A L
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Factual pertains to the most rudimentary
level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable
forms in the artwork and understanding
how these elements relate to one
another.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Conventional meaning, on the other hand,
pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as
bases of its meaning. These conventions
are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its viewers or audience
and scholars who study then.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
When subjectivities are consulted,
a variety of meaning may arise
when a particular work of art is
read. These meanings stem from
the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play
when engaging with art.
CONTENT IN ART
Subjective

“Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

 ARTA 111
ART APPRECIATION
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
• Subject refers to the visual focus or
the image that may be extracted from
WHAT
examining the artwork. ?
• Content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the
artwork. W HY ?
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ta ti
es e n
p r
Re • These types of art have subjects
art that refer to object or events
occurring in the real world. Often,
it is also termed figurative art,
because as the name suggest, the
figures depicted are easy to
makes out and decipher.
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
o n a l
ta ti
e s e n
p r
Re
a rt
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
al
ti o n
e s e nta
n -R ep r
No • This art does not make a
a rt reference to the real world,
whether it is a person, place,
thing, or even a particular event.
It is stripped down to visual
elements such as shapes, lines,
emotion, and even concept.
 TYPES OF SUBJECT
al
ti o n
e s e nta
n -R ep r
No
a rt

Jackson Pollock, detail

of “Number 1A”
 Sources of Subject
NATURE S a c re d
Orienta
Texts l
RY
H IS TO Other wo
rk s o f a rt
Greek and Roman
Mythology
Ju d eo
- C h ri
Tradit stian
io n
 Sources of Subject
R E
T U
N A
Vincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers"

Battle of Waterloo
RY
H IS TO

Greek and
Roman
Mythology
“Discobolus” – Greek original by the
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC
Sources of Subject
Sacred Oriental
Texts
Judeo- Christian
Tradition “"Shah Jahan Receiving
Dara Shikoh"
“Interior of Westminster

“Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo

 Kinds of Subject
History L an d sc
ap e
L I F E
T I L L CITYSCAPE
S S eascap e
ANIMALS
Figures l o g y
N at y th o
u re M
Myth
Dreams
FANTASIES
 CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning

FACT
U AL
I V E
B J E CT
SU
CONV E N
T IO N A L
 CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Factual pertains to the most rudimentary
level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable
forms in the artwork and understanding
how these elements relate to one
another.
 CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Conventional meaning, on the other
hand, pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as
bases of its meaning. These conventions
are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its viewers or audience
and scholars who study then.
 CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
When subjectivities are consulted,
a variety of meaning may arise
when a particular work of art is
read. These meanings stem from
the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play
when engaging with art.
 CONTENT IN ART
Subjective

“Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

ARTIST AND ARTISAN
“MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452- “THE STARRY NIGHT”
1519)Known for Painting, drawing, sculpting, VINCENT VAN GOGH
science, engineering, architecture, anatomy Dutch post-impressionist
1853-1890

SOME OF THE
GREATEST ARTISTS
IN THE WORLD
“ The Creation of Adam” -Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di
Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (1475-1564), Italian Renaissance
sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
“DALAGANG BUKID”
Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as
the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.”
Who is an Artist?

An artist is a person who

performs any of the creative
arts. This captures all forms of
art.
is an art practitioner such as
painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer,
musician, etc. who produces
or creates indirectly functional
arts with aesthetic value using
imagination.

• The specialty of an artist is that he

is able to create art for the sake of art
itself without needing any ulterior
motives.
What is an Artisan?

An artisan is a skilled
worker who makes things
by hand. This includes
various objects ranging
from jewelry to furniture.
• An artisan should not be
confused with an artist
because there is a clear
difference in the things that
they create. An artisan is able
to produce something that has
a functional value; although it
should not be limited to its use
value alone.
What is the difference between Artist and Artisan
Definitions of Artist and Artisan:
• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
• Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
Artistic Value:
• Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
• Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.
• Object:
• Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this
quality as it pleases the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.
Cologne
Cathedral in
Germany

• An examples of
early Gothic
architecture.
• This is also a
collaboration
between the artist
who made the
design and the
Artisan who help in
the construction of
the whole building.
 Artisan and
Guilds

• These guilds where towns had

formalized groups of artisans or
craftsmen who took on a
particular specialization or
trade; shoemakers, textile and
glass workers, carpenters,
carvers, masons, armorers, and
weapon-makers, among others.
Here, the practice of artists was
not grounded on the idea of
individual capacities or success ;
rather, in the commitment to
work together as a collective.

• Guilds were a type of social fellowship,

an association structured with rules,
customs, rights, and responsibilities. With
a lifetime commitment to a particular
trade, an artisans develops immense skill
and expertise in his craft.
 PHILIPPINE
Artisans

• Church of the Most

Holy Trinity in Loay,
Bohol.

• Spanish friars
commissioned a lot
of artisans to carve,
paint, and engrave
images for churches
and public sites.
 What is an Art Curator?

Art curators are employed

by museums and art
galleries to design, develop
and manage installations
and exhibits. This requires
them to acquire works of
art, ensure proper storage
and help maintain museum
collections.

Art curators typically

specialize in specific areas
of art, like Western, Asian
or contemporary art. The
job duties of a curator are
vast. They may put on
public events like lectures
and workshops, write
grants and conduct
fundraising activities. In
addition, they conduct
research projects and write
papers for publication..
Role of an Art Curator?

the role of the curator is

more of the
interpretation and
development of the
artwork(s) or the
collection(s) through
establishing the
significance, relationship,
and relevance of these
materials----in isolation
and/or as part of a wider
narrative. Some of the
roles expected of
curators are the ability to
research and write, as
an arbiter of design and
layout , and deciding for
the display and hanging
of materials foe
exhibition.
museums and galleries.
 FILM MAKING

Production
Process
(1)
preproduction.
(2) production,
and (3)
postproduction.
Awards and Citations.
The two major awards
given to artist in the
Philippines are the Order
ng Pambansang Alagad ng
Sining (Order of national
Artist) and Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan
(National Living Treasures
Award).
• The conferment of the
Order of National Artist is
the “highest national
recognition given to Filipino
individuals who have made
significant contributions to
the development of
Philippine Arts; namely,
music, dance, theater, visual
arts, literature, film,
broadcast art, and
architecture and allied arts.
The order is jointly
administered by the
Philippines (CCP) and
conferred by the President
of the Philippines upon
recommendation by both
institutions” (NCCA, 2015).
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(GAMABA) or The National Living
Treasures Award was created in
1992
• a “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who
is a “citizen engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino
whose distinctive skills have
reached such a high level of
technical and artistic excellence
and have been passed on to and
widely practiced by the present
generation in his/ her
community with the same
degree of technical and artistic
competence” (NCCA,2015). This
artists’ practice may fall under
the following categories: folk,
architecture, maritime transport,
weaving, carving, performing
arts, literature, graphic and
plastic art, ornament, textile or
fiber art, pottery and other
artistic expressions of traditional
culture.
•THANK YOU!!!
TOPICS FOR REPORT

• NATURALISM TO FUTURISM
• PRE HISTORIC ART AND EARLY CIVILIZATION
• CONTEMPORARY ART
• ASIAN ART
• GREEK TO ROMAN ART
• PHILIPPINE ART
• MEDIEVAL ART TO REALISM ART
ART APPRECIATION
The Elements of Visual Arts
The Elements of Visual Arts
LINE
• Line is a mark on a
surface that describes a
shape or outline. It can
create texture and can
be thick and thin. Types
of line can include actual,
implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and
contour line.
 LINE

• is an important element at the disposal

of every artist.

• always has direction, always moving.

• as used in any work of art, may either be

straight or curved.
• Lines are the first element of art and are
continuous marks that are made on any
surface with a moving point.

• Lines can be used in various ways to create

different compositions.

• A line can be used to express various things

or feelings; it can be used to show various
moods or anything abstract.
 Line serves as an essential
building block of art, but it can also
serve as the content itself of a work of
art, or be manipulated to evoke an
emotional or intellectual response from
a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
What do these lines suggest?

VERTICAL LINES

HORIZONTAL LINES

DIAGONAL LINES

CURVED LINES
Vertical Lines
• Vertical lines are
poised for action.
They are poised,
balanced, forceful,
and dynamic. They
express an
impression of dignity.
Only vertical lines can be used to
express an orderly feeling
VERTICAL LINES
Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines are
lines of repose and
serenity. They
express ideas of
calmness and
quiescence..
Only horizontal lines can give a
feeling of peacefulness and stillness.
 BORACAY
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SIARGAO
 Diagonal lines are
used to create feelings
of movement or action.

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Capital of the Philippines
Curved lines, sometimes
referred as S curves,
suggest gracefulness or
sexiness.
If you want to photograph S curves, the
human body makes for a wonderful
subject.

From the arch of a foot to the curve of a

neck, you can find many ways to capture
curved leading lines by photographing the
It is up to the artist how he
conveys his message, in the
best way possible through the
use of lines.
 There are various ways to
integrate lines into a photograph
to help strengthen the overall
composition and draw attention
to a specific focal point.
ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN
PHOTOGRAPHY
When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the
rule of thirds, failure to do so can result in a photo looking as though
it’s been cut in half. It is also important to try to keep the vertical
line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate
growth, authority, strength, or dominance. Some examples of vertical
leading lines in photography include photographs of trees or tall buildings.
When composing your photo to include horizontal leading lines, make sure
they’re as straight as possible and consider following the rule of
thirds. This photo, for example, places the land and horizon along the
bottom third of the image, while the sky fills the top two-thirds of the
shot. Further, the photo was composed so the bride and groom are along
the left-third of the image.
This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines. Although the
bulrushes are the obvious use of vertical lines, the horizontal line of
the horizon is more subtle. Note, too, that the photo has been composed
so the landscape follows the rule of thirds.
Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, can help lead the eye
through a photo and can suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality.
Despite the name, S curves don’t need to be shaped exactly like an
“s.” Any strong leading line that winds or curves can be considered
an S curve. Some curved leading lines often used in photography
include paths and rivers.
When including diagonal leading lines within a photo, it’s best if you
can position them so that they start and finish just above or below the
corner of a photo, like the railroad tracks shown here. This will prevent
the image from looking like it has been split in half. Because our eyes
naturally scan photos from left to right, composing an image to include
diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left to the top right of
The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example of S
curves. Note the use of other leading lines in this photo
too – the diagonal lines of the guitar strings, and the
horizontal lines of the sheet of music in the background.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Repetition occurs
when two or more
lines are drawn within
a corner following the
lines of the corner.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Lines that are in
opposition to each
other form a
contrast.
Three Main Types of Lines
• A transition line is a
line that connects two
workflow elements.
Transition lines allow
you to define what the
next step in a
workflow will be.
To summarize, including leading lines
within a photograph is a composition
technique that can strongly influence the
overall result of an image.

Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to

a main focal point or, if used incorrectly,
can draw the eye away from the subject
or appear to cut a photo in half.
 The Art Element of Color

Color refers
to the visual
perception of
light being
reflected
from a
surface of an
artwork.
In the most basic classification, colors
can be divided into three groups:
primary, secondary and tertiary.
Attributes of Color
• Hue is the term for the pure
spectrum colors commonly
referred to by the "color
names" - red, orange,
yellow, blue, green violet -
which appear in the hue
circle or rainbow.
Theoretically all hues can
be mixed from three basic
hues, known as primaries.
Color Wheel
• A color wheel is an
abstract illustrative
organization of color
hues around a circle, that
shows relationships
between primary,
secondary, and tertiary
colors, etc.
Attributes of Color
• Value refers to the
lightness or darkness
of a color. It is the
quality which depends
on the amount of light
and dark in color.
 Attributes of Color

• Tints are values Intensity refers to the

above the normal brightness or darkness of
color. It gives color strength.
• Shades are values When a hue is vivid form, it
below the normal. is said to be in full intensity.
When it is dulled, it is said to
be partly neutralized.
 Psychology of Colors

• Colors have varied psychological and emotional

connotations.
– Black is associated with death and gloom
– White stands for purity and innocence
– Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
– Green implies happiness and abundance
Meanings of Colors Conveyed
by the Rose
•Red is for “I love you”
•Pink conveys “Thank you”
•White says “You are heavenly”
•Coral speaks of desire.
•White roses denote secrecy, reverence and
humility.
•Deep pink roses convey gratitude and
appreciation.
•Light pink express sympathy, grace and
gentility
• Red roses also mean courage
and fortitude
• Yellow roses stand for freedom
• Red and Yellow stand for jovial
/happy feelings
• Orange roses speak of
enthusiasm and desire
• Red and White convey unity
TEXTURE
Ø is the element that deals more
directly with the sense of touch.

Ø applies to how an object feels

or appears to feel.

Ø can be either implied or actual.

 texture

• Texture is the element

that deals more directly
with the sense of touch.
• It has to do with the
characteristics of surfaces
which can be rough or
smooth, fine or coarse,
shiny or dull, plain or
irregular.
• Implied texture expresses the idea of
how a surface might feel. For example, a
painting of a blanket might convey the
idea that the blanket is soft.

• Actual texture, on the other hand, is

texture that can actually be felt. For
example, a ceramic bowl might feature a
carved texture that could be felt when
holding that bowl.
WOOD TEXTURE
PERSPECTIVE
• Perspective deals
with the effect of
distance upon the
appearance of
objects, by means of
which the eye judges
spatial relationships.
Kinds of Perspective
• Linear perspective is
the representation of an
appearance of distance
by means of converging
lines.
• It has to do with the
direction of lines and with
the size of objects.
 Linear Perspective
•Painters usually show the effect
of space and distance by using
converging lines and diminishing
size.
•Parallel lines below the eye
level seem to rise to a vanishing Foreshortening is
point in the horizon, while those the representation of
above the eye level seem to
objects or parts of
descend to the vanishing point.
the body as smaller
from the point of view
of the observer.
Kinds of Perspective
• Aerial perspective is the
representation of relative
distances of objects by
gradations of tone or color.
• Objects become fainter in
the distance due to the
effect of the atmosphere.
Objects appear to be lighter
in color as they recede into
the distance or atmosphere.
The Art Element of Space

Space refers to how the artist fills the

surface on which a work of art is created. It
can also refer to the expression of depth
within a work of art.

When talking about a three-dimensional

object, space is the actual volume that is
taken up by the artwork.
SPACE
• Space as an element of
art, refers to distances or areas
around, between or within
components of a piece.
• Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or
dark),open or closed, shallow or
deep and two-
dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually
within a piece, but the illusion of it
is.
Kinds of Space
• Positive space - the
areas in a work of art
that are the subjects, or
areas of interest.
• Negative space – areas
around the subjects, or
areas of interest.
Shape, Form, and Volume are words
that are used to describe distinct areas
or parts of works of art or architecture.
FORM
• Form applies to the
over-all design of a
work of art.
• It describes the
structure or shape of
an object.
The Art Element of Form
Form refers to a three-dimensional
object. As such, form is an art term that
is only applied to those artworks that are
three-dimensional, such as sculpture
and pottery.
Forms, much like shapes, can be
geometric or organic. Geometric forms
have hard lines and edges. Organic
forms are curvy and more free-form.
 Types of Form

• Form and shape can also be described as

either organic or geometric.
• Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders
typically are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally
occurring.
• Geometric forms are those which correspond to named
regular shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes,
spheres, cones, and other regular forms.
Organic and Geometric Forms
KENNETH COBONPUE’S
DESIGNS

Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee

hanging lamp at Hive
 Croissant sofa Croissant

Amaya CoffeeTable
Yin Yang Chair
VOLUME
• Volume refers to the
amount of space
occupied in three
dimensions.
• It refers to solidity or
thickness.
References:

Callow, R. (2014, January 21). Photo Gallery: Leading Lines in

Photography. Retrieved from http://blog.posterjack.ca/2014/01/21/
photo-gallery-leading-lines-in-photography/

Fichner-Rathus, L. (2010). Foundations of Art and Design. USA:

Thomson Learning Inc.

Rich, S. (2005, September 9). Kenneth Cobonpue. Design, Green

Furniture. Retrieved from http://inhabitat.com/kenneth-cobonpue/