ARTA 111

ART
APPRECIATION
 Basic
Assumptions of
the Art
Art has been created by all people at
all times, in all countries and it lives
because its well-liked and enjoyed
• Art involves experience; there can
never be appreciation of art without
experience.
• Art is not nature;
Nature is not art.
Artis made by man;
Art is everywhere.
 • Art is man’s oldest means of expression;
• Art as a means of expression & communication.

HIEROGLYPHICS
• “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most
important means of expression developed by man”.
Human history has witnessed how man evolved not
just physically but also culturally, from cave painters to
men of exquisite paintbrush users of the present. Even
if one goes back to the time before written records of
man’s civilization has appeared, he can find cases of
man’s attempts of not just crafting tools to live and
survive but also expressing his feelings and thoughts.
The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of
Altamira, Spain is one such example. In 1879, a
Spaniard and his daughter were exploring a cave when
they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and bison.
The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave
of Altamira, Spain.
 PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS
• According to experts, these paintings were
purported to belong to Upper Paleolithic
Age, several thousands of years before the
current era. Pre-historic men, with their
crude instruments, already showcased and
manifested earliest attempts at recording
man’s innermost interests, preoccupations,
and thoughts.
• The humanities, then, ironically, have started
even before the term has been coined. Human
persons have long been exercising what it
means to be a human long before he was even
aware of his being one. The humanities stand
tall in bearing witness to this magnificent
phenomenon. Any human person, then, is
tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in
this long tradition of humanizing himself.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

VISUAL ARTS
Is the kind of art form that the
population is most likely more
exposed to, but its variations are so
diverse they range from sculptures
that you see in art galleries to the last
movie you saw. Some mediums of
visual arts include paintings,
drawings, lettering, printing,
sculptures, digital imaging, and
more.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

FILM
Film refers to the art of
putting together successions
of still images in order to
create an illusion of
movement, Filmmaking
focuses on its aesthetic,
cultural, and social value
and is considered as both an
art and an industry.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Performance Art
Performance art is a live art and the
artist’s medium is mainly the human
body which he or she uses to
perform, but also employs other kind
of art such as visual art, props, or
sound.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Poetry Performance
Poetry is an art form
where the artist
expresses his
emotions not by
using paint,
charcoal, or camera,
but expresses them
through words.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Architecture
Architecture – is the art of designing
and constructing buildings and other
types of structures.
It is often referred to as the “mother
of the arts” because it houses, serves
as background for, or occurs in
relation to other fields of art.
Materials used include stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass,
and plaster.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Dance
Dance is series of movements that follows the
rhythm of the music accompaniment.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

Literary Art
Literary art goes beyond the usual
professional, academic,
journalistic, and other technical
form of writing. It focuses on
writing using a unique style, not
following a specific form or
norm. It may include both fiction
and non-fiction such as novels,
biographies and poems.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Theater
Theater uses live performers to present accounts or
imaginary events before a live audience. Theater art
performance usually follows a script, though they
should not be confused with literary arts.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Applied Arts
Applied arts incorporate elements of style
and design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in
this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort
into many things that are useful in everyday
life.
 POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
Applied Arts
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

A. AS A THERAPY
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
used as therapy for individuals with a variety
of illnesses, both physical and mental.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
B. ART AS ARTIFACT
Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a
particular time and place, an artwork represents the
ideas and technology of that specific time and
place. As we look back over history, we find in art
striking, and in some cases, the only, tangible
records of some peoples. The insights we gain into
cultures, including our own are enhanced
tremendously by such artifacts as paintings,
sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART

The personal functions of art are varied and highly
subjective. This means that its function depend on
the person- the artist who created the art.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
Art is considered to have a social
function if and when it addresses
a particular collective interest as
opposed to a personal interest.
Political art is a very common
example of an art with a social
function. Art may convey
message of protest, contestation,
or whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART

The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot
and understand. The physical functions of art can be
found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve
some physical purpose.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

F. Other Functions of Art

Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in
relation to function. Music in its original form was
principally functional. Music was used for dance
and religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen
to music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient
world saw music only as an instrument to facilities
worship and invocation to gods. Music also was
essential to dance because music assures
synchronicity among dancers.
 THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

F. Other Functions of Art

Art as a Representation

Art as a Disinterested Judgment

Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT AND CONTENT
• Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that
may be extracted from examining the artwork.
WHAT
?
• Content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the
artwork. W HY?
TYPES OF SUBJECT
on al
t at i
e sen
pr
Re • These types of art have subjects that refer to
object or events occurring in the real world.
art Often, it is also termed figurative art,
because as the name suggest, the figures
depicted are easy to makes out and
decipher.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
on al
t at i
e sen
pr
Re
art
TYPES OF SUBJECTnal
tati o
e s en
e p r
n - R
No • This art does not make a reference to the
ar t real world, whether it is a person, place,
thing, or even a particular event. It is
stripped down to visual elements such as
shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept.
TYPES OF SUBJECTnal
tati o
es en
e pr
n- R
No
art

Jackson Pollock, detail

of “Number 1A”
Sources of Subject
NATURE Sacred
Orienta
Texts l
OR Y
HIS T Other wo
rks of ar
Greek and Roman t
Mythology
Judeo
- Chri
Tradit stian
ion
Sources of Subject

R E
T U
A
NVincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers"
Battle of Waterloo

O RY
HI ST

Greek and
Roman
Mythology
“Discobolus” – Greek original by the
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC
Sources of Subject
Sacred Oriental
Texts
Judeo- Christian
Tradition “"Shah Jahan Receiving
Dara Shikoh"
“Interior of Westminster

“Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo

Kinds of Subject
History Landsc
ape
LI FE
T I L L CITYSCAPE
S Seascap
e
ANIMALS
Figures o gy
Nat ythol
ur e M
Myth
Dreams
FANTASIES
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning

FACT
UAL
TI V E
JEC
SUB
CONVEN
TIONAL
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Factual pertains to the most rudimentary
level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable
forms in the artwork and understanding
how these elements relate to one
another.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Conventional meaning, on the other
hand, pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as
bases of its meaning. These conventions
are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its viewers or audience
and scholars who study then.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
When subjectivities are consulted,
a variety of meaning may arise
when a particular work of art is
read. These meanings stem from
the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play
when engaging with art.
CONTENT IN ART
Subjective

“Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

 ARTA 111
ART APPRECIATION
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
• Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that
may be extracted from examining the artwork.
WHAT
?
• Content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the
artwork. W HY?
TYPES OF SUBJECT
on al
t at i
e sen
pr
Re • These types of art have subjects that refer to
object or events occurring in the real world.
art Often, it is also termed figurative art,
because as the name suggest, the figures
depicted are easy to makes out and
decipher.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
on al
t at i
e sen
pr
Re
art
TYPES OF SUBJECTnal
tati o
e s en
e p r
n - R
No • This art does not make a reference to the
ar t real world, whether it is a person, place,
thing, or even a particular event. It is
stripped down to visual elements such as
shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept.
TYPES OF SUBJECTnal
tati o
es en
e pr
n- R
No
art

Jackson Pollock, detail

of “Number 1A”
Sources of Subject
NATURE Sacred
Orienta
Texts l
OR Y
HIS T Other wo
rks of ar
Greek and Roman t
Mythology
Judeo
- Chri
Tradit stian
ion
Sources of Subject

R E
T U
A
NVincent van Gogh "Die Ebene von Auvers"
Battle of Waterloo

O RY
HI ST

Greek and
Roman
Mythology
“Discobolus” – Greek original by the
sculptor Myron of 450-440 BC
Sources of Subject
Sacred Oriental
Texts
Judeo- Christian
Tradition “"Shah Jahan Receiving
Dara Shikoh"
“Interior of Westminster

“Sistine Chapel” – Michelangelo

Kinds of Subject
History Landsc
ape
LI FE
T I L L CITYSCAPE
S Seascap
e
ANIMALS
Figures o gy
Nat ythol
ur e M
Myth
Dreams
FANTASIES
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning

FACT
UAL
TI V E
JEC
SUB
CONVEN
TIONAL
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Factual pertains to the most rudimentary
level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable
forms in the artwork and understanding
how these elements relate to one
another.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
Conventional meaning, on the other
hand, pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as
bases of its meaning. These conventions
are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its viewers or audience
and scholars who study then.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
When subjectivities are consulted,
a variety of meaning may arise
when a particular work of art is
read. These meanings stem from
the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play
when engaging with art.
CONTENT IN ART
Subjective

“Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

ARTIST AND ARTISAN
“MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI “THE STARRY NIGHT”
(1452-1519)Known for Painting, drawing, VINCENT VAN
sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, GOGH
anatomy Dutch post-impressionist
1853-1890

SOME OF THE
GREATEST
ARTISTS IN THE
WORLD
“ The Creation of Adam” -Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo
di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (1475-1564), Italian
Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted
an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
“DALAGANG
BUKID”
Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as
the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.”
Who is an Artist?

An artist is a person who

performs any of the creative
arts. This captures all forms of
art.
is an art practitioner such as
painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer,
musician, etc. who produces
or creates indirectly functional
arts with aesthetic value using
imagination.

•The specialty of an artist is that he

is able to create art for the sake of
art itself without needing any
ulterior motives.
What is an Artisan?

An artisan is a skilled
worker who makes things
by hand. This includes
various objects ranging
from jewelry to furniture.
•An artisan should not be
confused with an artist
because there is a clear
difference in the things that
they create. An artisan is able
to produce something that has
a functional value; although it
should not be limited to its use
value alone.
What is the difference between
Artist
Definitions ofand Artisan
Artist and Artisan:
• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
• Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
Artistic Value:
• Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
• Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.
• Object:
• Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this
quality as it pleases the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.
Cologne
Cathedral in
Germany

•An examples of
early Gothic
architecture.
•This is also a
collaboration
between the artist
who made the
design and the
Artisan who help in
the construction of
the whole building.
 Artisan and
Guilds

•These guilds where towns had

formalized groups of artisans or
craftsmen who took on a
particular specialization or
trade; shoemakers, textile and
glass workers, carpenters,
carvers, masons, armorers, and
weapon-makers, among others.
Here, the practice of artists was
not grounded on the idea of
individual capacities or success ;
rather, in the commitment to
work together as a collective.

•Guilds were a type of social fellowship,

an association structured with rules,
customs, rights, and responsibilities.
With a lifetime commitment to a
particular trade, an artisans develops
immense skill and expertise in his craft.
 PHILIPPINE
Artisans

•Church of the Most

Holy Trinity in Loay,
Bohol.

•Spanish friars
commissioned a lot
of artisans to
carve, paint, and
engrave images for
churches and
public sites.
 What is an Art Curator?

Art curators are employed

by museums and art
galleries to design, develop
and manage installations
and exhibits. This requires
them to acquire works of
art, ensure proper storage
and help maintain museum
collections.

Art curators typically

specialize in specific areas
of art, like Western, Asian
or contemporary art. The
job duties of a curator are
vast. They may put on
public events like lectures
and workshops, write
grants and conduct
fundraising activities. In
addition, they conduct
research projects and write
papers for publication..
Role of an Art Curator?

the role of the curator is

more of the
interpretation and
development of the
artwork(s) or the
collection(s) through
establishing the
significance,
relationship, and
relevance of these
materials----in isolation
and/or as part of a wider
narrative. Some of the
roles expected of
curators are the ability to
research and write, as
an arbiter of design and
layout , and deciding for
the display and hanging
of materials foe
exhibition.
museums and galleries.
 FILM MAKING
Production
Process
(1)
preproduction.
(2) production,
and (3)
postproduction
.
Awards and Citations.
The two major awards
given to artist in the
Philippines are the
Order ng Pambansang
Alagad ng Sining
(Order of national
Artist) and Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan
(National Living
Treasures Award).
•The conferment of the
Order of National Artist is
the “highest national
recognition given to Filipino
individuals who have made
significant contributions to
the development of
Philippine Arts; namely,
music, dance, theater, visual
arts, literature, film,
broadcast art, and
architecture and allied arts.
The order is jointly
administered by the
Philippines (CCP) and
conferred by the President of
the Philippines upon
recommendation by both
institutions” (NCCA, 2015).
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng
Bayan (GAMABA) or The
National Living Treasures Award
was created in 1902
•a “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is
a “citizen engaged in any
traditional art uniquely Filipino
whose distinctive skills have
reached such a high level of
technical and artistic excellence
and have been passed on to and
widely practiced by the present
generation in his/ her community
with the same degree of
technical and artistic
competence” (NCCA,2015).
This artists’ practice may fall
under the following categories:
folk, architecture, maritime
transport, weaving, carving,
performing arts, literature,
graphic and plastic art,
ornament, textile or fiber art,
pottery and other artistic
expressions of traditional
culture.
• THANK YOU!!!
ART APPRECIATION
The Elements of Visual Arts
The Elements of Visual Arts
LINE
• Line is a mark on a
surface that describes a
shape or outline. It can
create texture and can be
thick and thin.  Types of
line can include actual,
implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and
contour line.
 LINE

o is an important element at the disposal of

every artist.
o always has direction, always moving.
o as used in any work of art, may either be
straight or curved.
o Lines are the first element of art and are
continuous marks that are made on any surface
with a moving point.
o Lines can be used in various ways to create
different compositions.

o A line can be used to express various things or

feelings; it can be used to show various moods
or anything abstract.
 Line serves as an essential building
block of art, but it can also serve as the
content itself of a work of art, or be
manipulated to evoke an emotional or
intellectual response from a viewer
(Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
What do these lines suggest?

VERTICAL LINES

HORIZONTAL LINES

DIAGONAL LINES

CURVED LINES
Vertical Lines
• Vertical lines are poised for action.
They are poised, balanced, forceful,
and dynamic. They express an
impression of dignity.
Only vertical lines can be used to express
an orderly feeling
VERTICAL LINES
Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines are lines of repose
and serenity. They express ideas of
calmness and quiescence..
Only horizontal lines can give a feeling
of peacefulness and stillness.
 BORACAY
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SIARGAO
 Diagonal lines are used to
create feelings of
movement or action.

SIARGAO: The Surfing

Capital of the Philippines
Curved lines, sometimes referred
as S curves, suggest gracefulness
or sexiness.
If you want to photograph S curves, the human
body makes for a wonderful subject.

From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck, you

can find many ways to capture curved leading lines
by photographing the human form.
It is up to the artist how he conveys
his message, in the best way possible
through the use of lines.
 There are various ways to integrate
lines into a photograph to help
strengthen the overall composition and
draw attention to a specific focal point.
ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN

PHOTOGRAPHY
When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure
to do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut in half. It is also important to try
to keep the vertical line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate
growth, authority, strength, or dominance. Some examples of vertical leading lines in
photography include photographs of trees or tall buildings.
When composing your photo to include horizontal leading lines, make sure they’re as
straight as possible and consider following the rule of thirds. This photo, for example,
places the land and horizon along the bottom third of the image, while the sky fills the
top two-thirds of the shot. Further, the photo was composed so the bride and groom are
along the left-third of the image. 
This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines. Although the bulrushes are the obvious
use of vertical lines, the horizontal line of the horizon is more subtle. Note, too, that the
photo has been composed so the landscape follows the rule of thirds.
Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, can help lead the eye through a photo
and can suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. Despite the name, S curves
don’t need to be shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading line that winds or
curves can be considered an S curve. Some curved leading lines often used in
photography include paths and rivers. 
When including diagonal leading lines within a photo, it’s best if you can position them so
that they start and finish just above or below the corner of a photo, like the railroad tracks
shown here. This will prevent the image from looking like it has been split in half.
Because our eyes naturally scan photos from left to right, composing an image to include
diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left to the top right of a photo is also a
great way to compose a shot. 
The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example of S curves. Note the
use of other leading lines in this photo too – the diagonal lines of the guitar
strings, and the horizontal lines of the sheet of music in the background.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Repetition occurs when two or more
lines are drawn within a corner
following the lines of the corner.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Lines that are in
opposition to each other
form a contrast.
Three Main Types of Lines
• A transition line is a line
that connects two
workflow elements.
Transition lines allow you
to define what the next
step in a workflow will be.
To summarize, including leading lines within a
photograph is a composition technique that can
strongly influence the overall result of an image.

Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main

focal point or, if used incorrectly, can draw the
eye away from the subject or appear to cut a
photo in half.
 The Art Element of Color

Color refers to
the visual
perception of
light being
reflected from
a surface of an
artwork.
In the most basic classification, colors can
be divided into three groups: primary,
secondary and tertiary.
Attributes of Color
• Hue is the term for the pure
spectrum colors commonly
referred to by the "color
names" - red, orange, yellow,
blue, green violet - which
appear in the hue circle or
rainbow. Theoretically all
hues can be mixed from
three basic hues, known
as primaries.
Color Wheel
• A color wheel  is an abstract
illustrative organization of color
hues around a circle, that shows
relationships between primary,
secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
Attributes of Color
• Value refers to the lightness or
darkness of a color. It is the quality
which depends on the amount of
light and dark in color.
Attributes of Color
• Tints are values above Intensity refers to the
the normal brightness or darkness of
• Shades are values color. It gives color strength.
below the normal. When a hue is vivid form, it
is said to be in full intensity.
When it is dulled, it is said to
be partly neutralized.
 Psychology of Colors

• Colors have varied psychological and emotional

connotations.
• Black is associated with death and gloom
• White stands for purity and innocence
• Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
• Green implies happiness and abundance
Meanings of Colors
Conveyed
by the Rose • Red roses also mean courage and
•Red is for “I love you”
•Pink conveys “Thank you” fortitude
•White says “You are heavenly”
•Coral speaks of desire. • Yellow roses stand for freedom
•White roses denote secrecy, reverence and
humility. • Red and Yellow stand for jovial
•Deep pink roses convey gratitude and /happy feelings
appreciation.
•Light pink express sympathy, grace and
• Orange roses speak of
gentility enthusiasm and desire
• Red and White convey unity
TEXTURE
 is the element that deals more
directly with the sense of touch.

 applies to how an object feels or

appears to feel.

 can be either implied or actual.

texture
• Texture is the element that
deals more directly with the
sense of touch.
• It has to do with the
characteristics of surfaces
which can be rough or
smooth, fine or coarse,
shiny or dull, plain or
irregular.
• Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface
might feel. For example, a painting of a blanket might
convey the idea that the blanket is soft.

• Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can

actually be felt. For example, a ceramic bowl might
feature a carved texture that could be felt when
holding that bowl.
WOOD TEXTURE
PERSPECTIVE
 PERSPECTIVE
• Perspective deals with the
effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye
judges spatial
relationships.
Kinds of Perspective
• Linear perspective is the
representation of an appearance of
distance by means of converging
lines.
• It has to do with the direction of
lines and with the size of objects.
Linear Perspective
•Painters usually show the effect
of space and distance by using
converging lines and diminishing
size.
•Parallel lines below the eye
level seem to rise to a vanishing Foreshortening is the
point in the horizon, while those representation of
above the eye level seem to
objects or parts of
descend to the vanishing point.
the body as smaller
from the point of
view of the observer.
Kinds of Perspective
• Aerial perspective is the
representation of relative
distances of objects by
gradations of tone or color.
• Objects become fainter in
the distance due to the effect
of the atmosphere. Objects
appear to be lighter in color
as they recede into the
distance or atmosphere.
The Art Element of Space

Space refers to how the artist fills the surface

on which a work of art is created. It can also refer
to the expression of depth within a work of art.

When talking about a three-dimensional

object, space is the actual volume that is taken up
by the artwork.
SPACE
• Space as an element of art, refers
to distances or areas around,
between or within components of
a piece. 
• Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or
dark),open or closed, shallow or d
eep and two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually
within a piece, but the illusion of it
is.
Kinds of Space
• Positive space - the areas in
a work of art that are the
subjects, or areas of interest.
• Negative space – areas
around the subjects, or areas
of interest.
Shape, Form, and Volume are words that
are used to describe distinct areas or parts
of works of art or architecture.
FORM
• Form applies to the over-
all design of a work of art.
• It describes the structure
or shape of an object.
The Art Element of Form
Form refers to a three-dimensional object.
As such, form is an art term that is only
applied to those artworks that are three-
dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery.
Forms, much like shapes, can be
geometric or organic. Geometric forms have
hard lines and edges. Organic forms are
curvy and more free-form.
Types of Form
• Form and shape can also be described as
either organic or geometric. 
• Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically
are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical. Organic forms
are most often thought of as naturally occurring.
• Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular
shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres,
cones, and other regular forms. 
Organic and Geometric Forms
KENNETH COBONPUE’S
DESIGNS

Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee

hanging lamp at Hive
 Croissant sofa Croissant

Amaya CoffeeTable
Yin Yang Chair
VOLUME
• Volume refers to the amount of
space occupied in three
dimensions.
• It refers to solidity or thickness.
References:

Callow, R. (2014, January 21). Photo Gallery: Leading Lines in

Photography. Retrieved from http://blog.posterjack.ca/2014/01/21/
photo-gallery-leading-lines-in-photography/

Fichner-Rathus, L. (2010). Foundations of Art and Design. USA:

Thomson Learning Inc.

Rich, S. (2005, September 9). Kenneth Cobonpue. Design, Green

Furniture. Retrieved from http://inhabitat.com/kenneth-cobonpue/