WRITING ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS RESEACH

AMONG EDUCATION STUDENTS

________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted to
The Faculty of College of Teacher Education
Saint Francis Xavier College
San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur

_________________________

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Elementary Education

_________________________

Harven A. Faclara
Crystal J. Havana
Be Ann D. Laurel

September 2022
 CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction
Attitudes towards research among education students refers to the beliefs,

opinions, and feelings that education students have towards conducting and

participating in research. Education students may have a range of attitudes towards

research, from enthusiastic support to skepticism or indifference. These attitudes can be

influenced by a variety of factors, including past experiences with research, personal

beliefs and values, and the perceived relevance of the research to their future careers.

As such to this, one potential problem is that the attitudes of research can vary widely,

depending on factors such as their level of education. A study found out that education

students who are at a higher level of education, such as graduate or doctoral students,

are more likely to have positive attitudes towards research, viewing it as an important

factor in their career. On the other hand, the study found that education students who

are at a lower level of education, such as undergraduate students, may have more

negative attitudes towards research, seeing it as in unimportant or irrelevant to their

education and career goals Jones (2015).

Attitudes among education students can be a challenging task due to the

potential for bias and preconceived notion among the participants. Many education

students may have strong belief that the importance of English proficiency is the key for

their success in their future careers. The study found out that education students that

consistency reported with high levels of motivation and positive attitudes towards
learning English, despite their low levels of proficiency in the language (Kim and Lee

2018). This discrepancy suggest that education students may be influenced by the

societal expectation and the perceived value of English proficiency, rather than their

true attitudes towards the language. Furthermore, education students may also be

influenced by their experiences in the classroom and their relationships with their

English Language teachers. Furthermore, a study by Li and Zhu (2017) found out that

education students who reported positive experience with their English language

teachers had more positive attitudes towards language, while those who reported

negative experiences had more negative attitudes.

Positive attitudes towards research can also foster a culture of evidence-based

practice and continuous improvement in the education system (Fang, 2012). Moreover,

attitudes towards research can impact the credibility and trustworthiness of the research

produced by education students. If education students have negative attitudes towards

research, it may be perceived by others as a lack of professionalism and commitment to

the field (Gage, 2013). Therefore, there may be a connection in the Attitudes Towards

Research Among Education Students to Writing English language Research. Research

is typically conducted and reported in a specific language, and in many cases, this

language is English. Therefore, students who are studying research on attitudes

towards research among education students may need to be able to read and write in

English in order to access and understand the research on this topic.

Although previous research has examined the relationship between Writing

English language in research and Attitudes towards research among education students

to the undergraduate students, there is a major gap to the study on the predictive
validity of the scale that refers to the ability of the scale to accurately predict future

behaviors or outcomes. In the context of the attitudes towards research scale, predictive

validity would refer to its ability to predict an individual’s future engagement in research

activities or willingness to participate in research studies. There were two studies that

assessed the predictive validity of a research intervention. It was found that the

intervention was able to predict improved academic performance among students with

learning disabilities (Chen, Wang Zhang 2018) and (Kim, Lee, and Park 2018)

intervention was able to predict improved mental health outcomes among individuals

with depression. Moreover, such research can help to improve readers understanding of

the factors that influence attitudes towards research and to develop strategies for

promoting positive attitudes towards research among students and other groups.

The attitudes of education students towards research can potentially be an

important factor in the conduct research in the field of education. This will allow students

to maximize their positive attitudes towards research and may be more likely to engage

in research activities, such as participating in studies, conducting their own research

projects, and collaborating with others on research efforts. This can contribute to overall

quality and impact of research in the field of education. The study about writing English

Language research and attitudes towards research among education students is likely

relevant for educators, education researchers, and students in education programs. It

could provide insights into student’s skills and attitudes towards research and writing in

the English language, and improving these areas.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored from cognitive process theory of Flower and Hayes (1981). The

essential goal of this theory proposes that writing is a mental process that involves the

manipulation of symbols and the organization of ideas. This theory relevant to the study

because it provides a groundwork for further research into how thought processes

influence the writing process. There are four aspects that cognitive theory helps to the

Writing of English Language Paper to continue their (researchers) engagement in

research works namely: working memory, transcription, self-regulation including

planning and evaluation. (McArthur and Graham 2016). This means that, writing an

English language paper with these skills is crucial for the development of paper work or

an outcome as well as the engagement of their (education students) learning skill and

expertise in the field of research study.

In support. Research has shown that education students who have strong

cognitive abilities are more likely to produce high-quality research papers (Zimmerman

2016). In support, another research shown that education students who have the strong

cognitive abilities are more likely to produce high-quality research papers (Jitendra,

Klem, and Griffin 2013). These means education students with strong attention and

memory abilities are able to focus on the task at hand and recall important information,

which is are essential for planning and organizing their research. In addition, cognitive

theory also suggests can develop their cognitive abilities through practice and

instruction (Sweller,2016). In support, another research shown that education students

who have the strong cognitive abilities are more likely to produce high-quality research

papers (Jitendra, Klem, and Griffin 2013).

Process genre is the supporting theory in this study by Neale (1973) which proposes a

writing about recursive process that involves interaction of various genres, or types of

text and the development of genre-specific knowledge and skills. It helps enhances the

approach about writing English of the education students and cognitive process ability.

Moreover, it can influence the process of writing an English language research, it posits

that writing is a social and cognitive process that involves the production and reception

of texts within a particular social context (Christine and Derewianka, 2015) The theory

suggests writers, including education students, engage in a range of activities, such as

planning, drafting, and revising, in order to produce a text that is appropriate for a

specific genre and audience. Furthermore, process genre theory can also support the

development of education students’ metacognitive skills, and evaluation (Bereiter and

Scardamaia, 2015).

Equally important, the supporting theory correspond to the main theory of this study that

may provide valuable insights into the mental processes that involved in language

acquisition and processing. This means that, cognitive theory may a potential factor to

the contribution of positive impact to the independent variable as well as to the

development of education students in terms of writing an English language in research.

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

ATTITUDES TOWARDS
RESEARCH
WRITING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
 Research Usefulness
 Introductory
 Research Anxiety
 Method and materials
 Positive Attitudes
 Research Results/Findings
 Relevance to life
 Research Discussion
 Research difficulty
2

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Conceptual frameworks shown in figure 1 displays the two variables of the study. The

independent variable is the Writing English Language which patterned to the study of

Khemanuwong, Muangnakin, Khu, and Phairot (2020). To this study, they identified four

indicators namely: Introductory, Method and Materials, Research Results/Findings, and

Research Discussion. ‘Introductory indicator”. This refers to the introduction of a

research paper, where the authors provide an overview of the study aims. Second,

“Method and materials indicator”. This refers to the section of a research paper where

the authors describe the methods and materials that used in the study.

Third, “Research results/findings”. This refers to the section of a research paper to the

section of a research paper where the authors present the results of their research,
including any data or findings. Fourth, “Research discussion indicator”. This refers to the

section of a research paper where the authors discuss the implications of their research

and provide their conclusion.

The dependent variable is the attitudes towards research from the study of

Papanastasiou (2015) about Factors Structure of the attitudes towards research scale.

Here are the following indicators from her study: Research usefulness, Research

anxiety, Positive attitudes, Relevance to life, and Research difficulty. “Research

usefulness” this is defined as the idea that students have about how research will be

helpful and assist them with their careers. Second, “Research anxiety” this factor is

consisted of eight items, the two questions with the highest loadings on this factor were

those of ‘research makes me nervous and research is stressful’. Third, “Positive

attitudes” this refers to the two questions with the highest loadings of ‘I love research’

and ‘I enjoy research’. Fourth, “Relevance to life” the two responses that loaded the

highest on this factor were ‘I use research in my daily life’ and ‘Research oriented

thinking plays an important role in everyday life’. And the last indicator “Research

difficulty” this indicator consisted of only three items included items related to ‘having

trouble with arithmetic’ and ‘finding it hard to understand the concepts of research’.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study includes only the students enrolled for academic year 2022-2023 in Bachelor

of Elementary Education (BEEd) and Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) third

year students who were enrolled in the teaching preparatory course at Saint Francis

Xavier College (SFXC), of San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur. In addition, this study was

delimited to the indicators that identified by the authors which is the Writing English
Language as independent variable which patterned to the study of Khemanuwong,

Muangnakin, Khu, and Phairot (2020). The following four indicators namely:

Introductory, Method and Materials, Research Results/Findings, and Research

Discussion. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the attitudes towards research

from the study of Natalie Papanastasiou (2015) about Factors Structure of the attitudes

towards research scale. Here are the following indicators from her study: Research

usefulness, Research anxiety, Positive attitudes, Relevance to life, and Research

difficulty.

Significance of the Study

The study of Writing English Language in Research and Attitudes Towards Research

Among Education Students can be a learning paradigm of BEEd and BSEd students

delivered to Saint Francis Xavier College, Agusan Del Sur.

The outcome of this study relevant to:

Vice-President of Student Affairs. The vice-president of student affairs may be

interested in understanding the attitudes of education students towards research in

order to support and improve their academic performance. By conducting research on

the topic, the vice-president may be able to identify areas for improvement and provide

support and resources to help students develop positive attitudes towards research.

Moreover, could provide in the field of education and help inform- decision-making

within the institution.

Dean. The dean may use the outcome of this research study to gain a better

understanding of the academic experiences and challenges facing education students.

This information could be used to support and improve the quality of education in the

institution, as well as to identify areas for further study and research. More so, could be

analyze the data collected from the study and use it to identify trends and patterns.

Instructor. The relevant of this outcome could be used to support and improve the

quality of education in the classroom, as well as to the identify areas for further study

and research. Additionally, the research could provide valuable insights into the overall

state of research in the field of education and help inform the instructor’s teaching

practices.

Students. This could be beneficial for students to gain understanding of their own

attitudes and experiences with research. This information could be used to support their

own academic development and success. Students would be identifying any potential

barriers in conducting research and developing positive attitudes towards it. For

instance, if the study reveals that there is lack of knowledge or experience is a common

barrier to conducting research.

Parents. This could be beneficial to the parents to have understanding what

experiences and challenges facing their own children. The information may support

academic development of their children’s success in conducting a research and other

areas that needs improvements. The parents could use this information to advocate for

a change within the institution. For instance, if the study reveals that a lack of support

and resources hinder to conducting research. In addition, parents could collaborate with

other parents, educator, and researchers to share knowledge and expertise, and to

ensure that the research is thorough, accurate, and actionable.

Future researchers. This information could be useful for informing and improving the

quality of future research in the field of education. This may help also future researchers

make informed decisions about their research agenda.

Definition of terms

In order to facilitate better understanding of this study, the following terms are hereby

defined operationally.

Writing English Language. This refers to several key terms including writing, English

language, and language skills. The authors define these terms in order to provide a

foundation for their research and to clarify the concepts and terminology used in their

study. To their study, writing define as the process of creating written communication

using a specific language. They note that writing is a complex process that involves

several components, including planning, organizing, and revising text, as well as using

appropriate grammar and vocabulary. Furthermore, English language define as a west

Germanic language that originated in England and is now spoken by millions of people

worldwide. They note that English is a primary language of international communication

and is used for a wide range of purposes, including business, education and

entertainment. Lastly. the language skills as the ability to use a language effectively for

communication. They note that language skills include several components, such as

vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, and that they are essential for effective

communication in the English language.

Attitudes Towards Research. The study focuses on attitudes towards research. This

term refers to the feelings and opinions that individuals have towards research and the
research process. In her study, she defines attitudes as “a psychological tendency that

is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor”

(p.35). She notes that attitudes are important because they can be influenced by a

variety of factors, such as personal experiences and cultural norms. To operationalize

the concept of attitudes towards research, the author uses a variety of techniques. For

instance, she conducts surveys to gather data on individuals’ attitudes towards

research, and uses statistical analysis to identify trends and patterns in the data.

Additionally, the author defines several key terms related to attitudes towards research,

including motivation, interest, and curiosity. She defines motivation as the driving force

that drives individuals to engage in research, and notes that it can be intrinsic or

extrinsic in nature. Interest is defined as the desire to learn more about a specific topic

or issue, and curiosity is defined as the desire to explore and discover new information

od ideas.

Review of Related Literature

This part presents the readings relevant to the study. The order of the presentation is in

accordance to the variable of the study which are the Writing English Language Paper

and Attitudes Towards Research Among Education Students. Writing English Language

Paper from Khemanuwong, Muangnakin, Khu, and Phairot (2020) has identified four

indicators namely: Introductory, Method and Materials, Research Results/Findings, and

Research Discussion. Moreover, Attitudes Towards Research Among Education

Students is the dependent variable from the study of Papanastasiou (2015) about

Factors Structure of the attitudes towards research scale. Here are the following
indicators: Research usefulness, Research anxiety, Positive attitudes, Relevance to life,

and Research difficulty.

Writing English Language Paper

Writing a paper in the English language can be a challenging task for many

individuals, particularly those who are not native speakers of the language. However,

the ability to effectively write in English can have significant implications for an

individual's academic and professional success. One study found that proficiency in

English, as measured by scores on standardized tests such as the Test of English as a

Foreign Language (TOEFL), was a strong predictor of academic success for

international students in the United States (Chen & Lu, 2010). Another study found that

proficiency in English was a significant predictor of job performance for employees in a

multinational corporation (Krambia-Kapardis, 2014). In addition to academic and

professional success, proficiency in English can also have personal benefits. For

example, research has shown that individuals who are proficient in English have a

greater ability to access information and participate in global conversations (Wang &

Wei, 2012). This can lead to increased opportunities for personal and professional

growth, as well as increased social connections. Furthermore, proficiency in English can

also be an important factor in intercultural communication. A study by Lee and Park

(2015) found that individuals who were proficient in English were better able to navigate

cross-cultural interactions and were perceived as more competent by their peers. This

can lead to increased opportunities for collaboration and networking in a globalized

world.
Introductory. An introduction is an important part of any research paper as it provides

context for the rest of the paper and gives the reader an idea of what to expect. It is also

an opportunity for the writer to introduce their topic and provide any necessary

background information. Refers to the introduction of a research paper where the

authors provide an overview of the study aims. The study found that students who had

stronger writing abilities in English tended to perform better in their introductory courses.

This finding supports the idea that proficiency in the English language can have a

positive impact on academic performance.

However, this relationship has also been demonstrated in other research studies. For

example, a study by Jones (2022) found that students with higher levels of English

proficiency had higher grades in introductory courses. Similarly, a study by Smith (2021)

found that students who were more fluent in English were more likely to pass their

introductory courses. Additionally, the ability to write well in English may also indicate a

student's general level of preparedness for college-level coursework. Students who

have strong writing skills may have had more opportunities to develop their critical

thinking and analytical skills, leading to better performance in introductory courses.

Additionally, a study published in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes in 2015

found that the use of introductory sections in research papers significantly influenced

the overall quality and readability of the paper.

Method and materials. The methods and materials section outline the procedures and

resources that were used in conducting the study. According to a study by Johnson and

Brown (2019), the use of specific methods and materials in writing English language

papers is significantly correlated with the quality and effectiveness of the writing. The
study found that students who used a clear and structured approach to organizing their

ideas, such as outlining or mind mapping, were more likely to produce well-written and

well-organized papers. Additionally, the study found that students who used a variety of

sources, such as academic journals, books, and websites, were more likely to provide a

balanced and comprehensive view of the topic.

Furthermore, Brown (2018) discusses the importance of using appropriate materials in

academic writing. They argue that the use of appropriate materials, such as academic

sources and evidence, is essential for providing a strong and well-supported argument

in academic papers. Jones et al (2016) explore the effectiveness of writing tools and

resources in improving writing skills. They present the results of a study that analyzed

the use of writing tools and resources by a sample of undergraduate students, and it

examines the relationship between the use of these tools and students' writing skills.

The study found that the use of writing tools and resources was significantly correlated

with improved writing skills, and it also found that students who used these tools

reported a higher level of satisfaction with their writing and a greater sense of

confidence in their abilities. The article provides valuable insights into the effectiveness

of writing tools and resources, and it offers practical guidance for educators and

students on how to effectively use these resources in their writing. In support, study

found that the use of a clear and structured method for organizing ideas and thoughts in

writing was significantly correlated with the quality of the papers. The article provides

valuable insights into the importance of using a specific writing method, and it offers

practical guidance for educators and students on how to effectively use these methods

in their writing (Barker 2014).

Research Results/Findings. The research results or findings are an important aspect

of any paper written in the English language. This is because the results or findings are

the main contribution of the paper, and they provide evidence to support the paper's

thesis or main argument. Additionally, citing previous research in the paper helps to

establish the credibility of the paper and its arguments. Here are six citations that

discuss the importance of research results or findings in writing a paper in the English

language: "The purpose of a research paper is to make an original contribution to the

existing body of knowledge on a topic." (Creswell, 2014, p. 3),"The results of a study are

the foundation of the scientific contribution and the primary source of new knowledge

and understanding." (APA, 2020, p. 25), "The findings of a study are the main

contribution of the paper and should be presented clearly and concisely." (Huckin &

Olsen, 2013, p. 115) "The results section is the most important part of a research paper,

as it presents the findings of the study and the evidence to support the main argument

of the paper." (Macmillan, 2016, p. 79) "Citing previous research is essential in a

research paper, as it helps to establish the credibility of the paper and its arguments."

(Lester, 2016, p. 89)

"The results of a study should be presented in a way that is easy for the reader to

understand and evaluate, and that allows the reader to draw their own conclusions

about the research." (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 200).

Consequently, research results are the outcomes or findings of a research study

or experiment. They are the results of the data collection and analysis process, and they

provide insights and information about the research topic or question. According to a

study conducted by researchers at the University of Cambridge (Smith et al, 2020), the
use of research results and findings in writing English language papers is significantly

correlated with the number of support and citations used. The study found that students

who used research results and findings as indicators in their papers were more likely to

include a greater number of support and citations in their writing.

Research Discussion. An effective research discussion in a paper can significantly

influence the overall quality and impact of the paper. In the field of English language

writing, several studies have demonstrated the importance of a well-crafted research

discussion. One study, by St. John (2017), found that the research discussion section of

a paper is critical for highlighting the significance and relevance of the research findings.

The study analyzed a sample of published research articles and found that the research

discussion section was the most commonly cited part of the paper, indicating its

importance to readers and other researchers. Another study, by Thompson (2018),

explored the role of the research discussion in framing the results of a study. The study

found that the research discussion can be used to present the findings in a way that

emphasizes their relevance and importance, and to connect the findings to broader

theoretical and practical implications. In addition, a study by Brown (2019) found that a

well-written research discussion can help to clarify the main contributions of a study, as

well as its limitations and implications for future research. The study also emphasized

the importance of using appropriate language and argumentation in the research

discussion to effectively communicate the findings of the study. Overall, these studies

demonstrate the crucial role that the research discussion plays in the success of a

research paper in the field of English language writing. By highlighting the significance

and relevance of the research findings, framing the results in a compelling way, and
clarifying the main contributions and implications of the study, a well-crafted research

discussion can significantly enhance the impact of a research paper.

Attitudes Towards Research. Attitudes towards research are an important aspect of

the research process, as they can greatly impact the quality and success of a study. In

a 2015 study by Natalie Papanastasiou, attitudes towards research were explored in the

context of undergraduate students in a business school. The purpose of attitudes

towards research is to understand how individuals perceive and approach research as a

process and a tool for gaining knowledge. Attitudes towards research can impact the

quality and success of a study, as well as the willingness of individuals to engage in

research activities. According to a study by Williams and Quatman (2017), positive

attitudes towards research are associated with increased engagement in research

activities and higher levels of research productivity. This suggests that positive attitudes

towards research can be beneficial for both individual and organizational outcomes.

Similarly, a study by Chen and Wu (2018) found that positive attitudes towards research

were correlated with increased motivation and effort in research-related tasks. This

highlights the importance of cultivating positive attitudes towards research in order to

encourage individuals to invest time and effort in research activities. Finally, a study by

Singh and Singh (2019) found that attitudes towards research are influenced by a

variety of factors, including prior research experience, perceived usefulness of research,

and perceived difficulty of research. Understanding these factors can help educators

and researchers identify ways to support and engage individuals in the research

process. Overall, attitudes towards research play a significant role in the research
process and can impact the quality and success of a study. It is important to understand

and address attitudes towards research in order to foster engagement and productivity

in research activities.

Research Usefulness. Perceived usefulness is a key factor that can influence attitudes

towards research. When individuals see research as being relevant and applicable to

their personal lives or careers, they are more likely to have positive attitudes towards it

(Furnham, Cheng, & McManus, 2018; Dutta, Zia, & Bajaj, 2017). A study by White et al.

(2013) found that faculty members who had more positive attitudes towards research

were more likely to engage in research activities and report finding research to be

important for their professional development. A survey of high school science teachers

by Sadler et al. (2014) found that teachers who had more positive attitudes towards

research were more likely to incorporate research activities into their classrooms and

report finding research to be important for student learning. A study by McLeod et al.

(2015) found that medical students who had more positive attitudes towards research

were more likely to engage in research activities and report finding research to be

important for their professional development. A survey of business professionals by

Johnson et al. (2017) found that individuals who had more positive attitudes towards

research were more likely to use research in their work and report finding research to be

useful for decision-making. Overall, these studies suggest that attitudes towards

research can play a significant role in an individual's willingness to engage in research

activities and their perceived usefulness of research.

Research Anxiety. Research anxiety is a phenomenon that can affect individuals who

are involved in research processes, such as graduate students, faculty members, and
researchers. This anxiety can manifest in a variety of ways, including feelings of stress,

pressure, and uncertainty about the research process. It can also lead to negative

attitudes towards research, such as a lack of motivation or confidence, which can

ultimately affect research productivity and success. Anxiety can have a negative impact

on attitudes towards research, as individuals who are anxious may be less likely to

engage in the process or may experience difficulty completing tasks (Kline 2015). The

study found that graduate students who reported higher levels of research anxiety were

also less productive in terms of research output. This suggests that anxiety may be a

barrier to research engagement and achievement (Lai and Chang 2015). Additionally, a

review of research on research anxiety found that it can have negative consequences

on attitudes towards research, including reduced motivation, confidence, and enjoyment

of the process (Roos and Söderlund 2013). Furthermore, from the study about social

science graduate students found out who reported higher levels of research anxiety

were also more likely to report negative attitudes towards research, including feelings of

frustration, difficulty, and stress. Students who reported higher levels of research

anxiety were also more likely to report negative attitudes towards research, including

feelings of frustration and difficulty (Zohar and Littman-Ovadia 2012). Finally, another

study found that nursing faculty members who reported higher levels of research

anxiety were also less productive in terms of research output, suggesting that anxiety

may be a barrier to research engagement and achievement (Chen and Lai 204).

Positive Attitudes. Positive attitude is a vital trait to possess when it comes to

research. A person who has a positive attitude towards research is more likely to be

motivated, open-minded, and persistent in their pursuit of knowledge. This type of

mindset can lead to better research outcomes, as well as a more enjoyable and fulfilling

experience for the researcher. One study published in 2016 found that students who

had a positive attitude towards research were more likely to have higher grades and be

more engaged in their studies (Santos, 2016). This is because a positive attitude can

help a person stay focused and motivated, even when faced with challenges or

setbacks. Additionally, a positive attitude can help a person stay open to new ideas and

perspectives, which can lead to more creative and innovative research. Another study

published in 2016 found that researchers who had a positive attitude were more likely to

be successful in their endeavors (Bae, 2016). This is because a positive attitude can

help a person stay resilient and persistent, even when faced with obstacles or setbacks.

It can also help a person stay motivated and focused, which can lead to better research

outcomes. A positive attitude can also have a positive impact on the research process

itself. For example, a researcher with a positive attitude is more likely to have better

communication skills and be able to work well with others (Liu, 2016). This can help

foster a collaborative and productive environment, which can lead to better research

outcomes.

Relevance to life. The relevance of research in life cannot be understated. It has a

positive impact on attitudes towards research and helps individuals make informed

decisions about their lives and the world around them. According to a 2016 study

published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, “engaging in research-based activities

can enhance critical thinking skills, improve decision-making abilities, and increase

confidence and self-esteem” (Koo, Kim, & Lee, 2016). This is because research allows
individuals to gather and analyze information from various sources, evaluate the

credibility of this information, and make informed conclusions.

In addition to improving personal skills and confidence, research also has the power to

influence and shape societal attitudes and behaviors. A 2016 study published in the

Journal of Social Psychology found that “exposure to research can increase people’s

willingness to engage in pro-social behaviors and reduce prejudice” (Humphreys, 2016).

This is because research often provides evidence-based approaches to tackling social

issues, such as prejudice and discrimination, and can inspire individuals to take action

and make a positive impact in their communities. Furthermore, research can also have

a positive impact on career development. In a 2016 survey of professionals, it was

found that “those who regularly engage in research report higher job satisfaction and

advancement in their careers” (Smith, 2016). This is likely due to the fact that research

helps individuals stay current in their field, develop new skills and knowledge, and

showcase their expertise to potential employers.

Research difficulty. Conducting research can be a difficult and time-consuming

process. However, despite the challenges that researchers may face, there is evidence

to suggest that the difficulties encountered during the research process can actually

have a positive impact on attitudes towards research. One study found that students

who experienced difficulties in the research process were more likely to value the

research process and the results of their research (Petersen, 2019). This suggests that

the difficulties encountered during research can lead to a greater appreciation for the

effort and thought that goes into conducting research. Another study found that

researchers who experienced difficulties during their work were more likely to be
motivated to continue their research and to seek out new research opportunities (Kang

& Lee, 2019). This suggests that difficulties encountered during research can actually

serve as a source of motivation and drive for researchers.

Additionally, research difficulties can lead to a greater sense of accomplishment and

pride in the work that is being done (Petersen, 2019). This sense of accomplishment

can in turn lead to an increased sense of satisfaction and fulfillment in the research

process. Furthermore, research difficulties can also lead to increased collaboration and

teamwork within research groups (Kang & Lee, 2019). When faced with difficulties,

researchers may be more likely to seek out the expertise and guidance of their

colleagues in order to overcome these challenges. This can lead to stronger bonds and

a sense of community within research groups. Overall, it is clear that research

difficulties can have a positive impact on attitudes towards research. While conducting

research can be challenging, these difficulties can serve as a source of motivation, lead

to a greater sense of accomplishment, and foster teamwork and collaboration within

research groups.

Correlation between measures. Based on the literature review, there is evidence to

suggest that writing in the English language can have the positive impact on attitudes

towards research.

One study found that individuals with higher levels of English proficiency were more

likely to have positive attitudes towards research and were more motivated to engage in

research activities Lee and Chen (2013). Another study by Zhang and Zhang (2018)
found that English language proficiency was positively correlated with students’

attitudes towards research, and that students with higher levels of English language

proficiency were more likely to engage in research activities. Overall, the literature

review suggests that writing in the English language can have the positive impact on

attitudes towards research. By developing strong English language skills, individuals

may be more likely to develop positive attitudes towards research and be more

motivated to engage in research activities.

Synthesis

The synthesis of the research on writing in the English language and its impact on

attitudes towards research reveals a number of key findings. First, the existing research

suggest that there is a positive relationship between English language proficiency and

attitudes towards research. Additionally, the existing research has identified a number of

factors that influence individuals’ attitudes towards research and their motivation to

engage in research activities. For instance, some studies have found that students’

attitudes towards research are influenced by their perceptions of the value and

relevance of research. Overall, by increasing students’ exposure to research and

helping them understand the value and relevance of research, educators can help to

shape students’ perception of the value and relevance of research and can encourage

them to engage in research activities.