> Different categories to describe errors:

INTERLINGUAL
- Errors across two or more languages.
Errors attributable to negative interlingual
transfer from L1 to L2, also known as
“interference”.
INTRALINGUAL
- Errors within the target Lg.
Erroneous attempts to produce in L2.
Negative intralingual transfer, also known as
“overgeneralization”.

- Happens mostly at advanced stages of

- Happens mostly at early stages of language language learning, when learners are more
learning. familiar with the new system.

Example: Example: “He goed” = overgeneralization of a

Lapiz amarillo  pencil yellow L2 rule.
Word orders rules from L1 wrongly applied in
L2

OVERT COVERT
- Grammatically incorrect - Grammatically correct but is not interpretable
within the context of communication
- Error at sentence level - Error at discourse level .

Example:
“Who are you?”
“I´m fine, thank you!”
The response is grammatically correct but
wrongly used in that context.

GLOBAL LOCAL
- Hinders communication. - Doesn´t hinder communication.
- It is difficult to interpret meaning in whatever -There is only a minor violation of one segment
context. of a sentence, so intended meaning can be
guessed/interpreted.
For example “Well, it´s a great hurry around”
For example “A scissors”

> Different kinds of errors: (generalized categories) :

• Addition (for example “Does can he sing?), the auxiliary “do” is added.

• Omission (“ I went to movie” = the definite article is ommited).

• Substitution (“I lost my road”) An item is substituted (Road instead of way??)

• Ordering : word order is confused (“I to the store went”).

(Within each category, LEVELS of language can be considered: phonology, orthography, lexicon,
grammar, discourse.