Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Earning Outcomes: LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Earning Outcomes: LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Learning Outcomes
Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcome:
Intended Identify the laws or bills related to sex and gender
Learning Assess the content of the laws or bills and certain researches related to sex and
Outcomes gender
Reflect to your personally known stories about gender and the social institutions
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Determine the basic features of each law or bill
Targets/
Evaluate the benefits of the laws as well as the results of the researches in relation to
Objectives
matters of sex and gender
Apply what the rules and regulations of those particular laws are intending
On the above article, it is obviously stated that a man and a woman are the only ones who could
be into marriage and eventually form a family. From here, same sex marriage is considered to
be lacked of legal standing and could be entertained only in this country unless the Congress
amended the definition of marriage in the Family Code, said the Supreme Court.
RA 9262 addresses the prevalence of violence against women and children (VAWC), abuses
on women and their children by their intimate partners like:
Husband or ex-husband
Live-in partner or ex-live in partner
Boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-boyfriend/ex-girlfriend
Dating partner or ex-dating partner
VAWC according to law is “any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a
woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a
sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether
legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to
result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats
of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty.”
(National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, n.d.)
Acts of VAWC
Physical violence
Sexual violence
Psychological violence
Economic abuse
Can a male partner complains about the abuses committed by his wife or partner?
He may file a complaint or case under the Revised Penal Code.
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
https://images.app.goo.gl/wAqR3Rmh9TaUiPwcA
1. Participants who are more religious tend to reject the lifestyle and behavior patterns of
lesbians and gay men
2. People who are more religious tend to exhibit more rejection towards lesbians and gays
because they adapt as their own, the conventional views, beliefs, interests, and values held
by their religious denomination
3. Greater non-traditional gender role beliefs among the participants resulted in less
homonegativity or rejection toward lesbians and gay men
4. Participants seem to have less homonegativity toward lesbians as compared to gay men
Meanwhile, the study of Del Castillo (2021) takes the side of the LGBTQs; determining the
salience of religion and the centrality of religiosity among them. Like the study above,
Centrality of Religiosity Scale was used among the 59 respondents.
“Of the five subscales, ideology and private practice emerge as the dominant categories
through which religiosity is articulated, practiced, and lived. Public service, intellect and
experience follow. In terms of sex distribution, men tend to self describe as “highly religious”
in relation to women, who identify largely as “religious”. To the degree that women
respondents outnumber men, a higher number of total respondents—regardless of sexual
orientation—are inclined to be “religious”.” (p. 13)
Another study which is related to gender and religion is entitled “An Exploratory Study on the
Practice of Pagsasanto by Openly-Gay Santeros” by Quintos, Piamonte, and Iwayama in 2020.
The study had the following results:
1. Early exposure to their religious family, school, and local community influenced them into
entering the practice of pagsasanto
2. The five participants were either owners of the imahe through purchase, donation or
inheritance, or caretakers of the imahe through entrustment by their religious networks
3. Reasons for entering and maintaining the practice were for egoistic reasons, self-expression,
legacy, or spirituality
4. Advantages on health and subsistence, personal development, and social rewards were the
perceived derived benefits from the practice of pagsasanto
https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/FT_15.07.01_religionsSSM.png?w=420
In the 2018 study of Engcong et al. on gender pay gap, men had the average per day salary of
Php 361.60 while women had Php 344.91. It was observed that the gap was 4.84%. “However,
with the independent adjustments on the pay gap based on the educational attainment and
primary occupations of the respondents, the results show an increase in the pay differential,
respectively, to 26.8% and 24.5%.” (p.1)
Women were identified to have the advantage in the basic pay when occupational placement
and educational attainment levels are considered, according to the study.
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
The MCW establishes the Philippine government’s pledge of commitment to the Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’s (CEDAW) Committee in
its 36th Session in 2006 and to the UN Human Rights Council on its first Universal Periodic
Review in 2009. It is the local translation of the provisions of the CEDAW, particularly in
defining gender discrimination, state obligations, substantive equality, and temporary special
measures. It also recognizes human rights guaranteed by the International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
1. Increasing the number of women in third level positions in government to achieve a fifty-fifty (50-
50) gender balance within the next five years while the composition of women in all levels of
development planning and program implementation will be at least 40 percent;
2. Leave benefits of two (2) months with full pay based on gross monthly compensation for women
employees who undergo surgery caused by gynecological disorders, provided that they have
rendered continuous aggregate employment service of at least six (6) months for the last twelve
(12) months;
3. Non-discrimination in employment in the field of military, police and other similar services that
include according the same promotional privileges and opportunities as their men counterpart,
including pay increases, additional benefits, and awards, based on competency and quality of
performance.
4. Provision for equal access and elimination of discrimination in education, scholarships, and
training. Thus, “expulsion, non-readmission, prohibiting enrollment, and other related
discrimination of women students and faculty due to pregnancy out of marriage shall be
outlawed.
5. Non-discriminatory and non-derogatory portrayal of women in media and film to raise the
consciousness of the general public in recognizing the dignity of women and the role and
contribution of women in family, community, and the society through the strategic use of mass
media;
6. Equal status given to men and women on the titling of the land and issuance of stewardship
contracts and patents.
In addition to guaranteeing substantive rights, the MCW establishes the responsibility of the
government to take actions in order to end discrimination against women. It provides that the
Philippines government must “ensure the substantive equality of men and women” and
mandates the State to take steps to review, amend or repeal existing laws that are discriminatory
towards women.
The Government, in its entirety, shall fulfill these duties through the development and
implementation of laws, policies, regulatory instruments, administrative guidelines, and other
appropriate measures. It shall also establish mechanisms to promote the coherent and integrated
implementation of the MCW and other related laws and policies to effectively stop
discrimination against Filipino women.
The MCW mandates all government offices, including government-owned and controlled
corporations and local government units to adopt gender mainstreaming as a strategy for
implementing the law and attaining its objectives. It also mandates (a) planning, budgeting,
monitoring and evaluation for gender and development, (b) the creation and/or strengthening
of gender and development focal points, and (c) the generation and maintenance of gender
statistics and sex-disaggregated databases to aid in planning, programming and policy
formulation.
*This is a full excerpt from https://pcw.gov.ph/republic-act-9710-magna-carta-of-women/
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
https://psa.gov.ph/infographics
SOGIE Bill
Significant dates:
2000: Anti-Discrimination Bill was first filed under the 11th Congress by the late Senator
Miriam Defensor Santiago and former Akbayan representative Loretta Rosales
More senators supported and filed similar bills in the 15th and 16th Congress
May 2012: DepEd issued an order for the protection of children toward their sexual orientation
and gender identity
2013: Laguna Representative Sol Aragones filed House Bill No. 2572, which would make
LGBTQ+ hate crimes an aggravating circumstance for crimes against persons and chastity
October 11, 2014: Trans woman Jennifer Laude is killed by a US Marine and this event have
said to catalyses discussion advancing transgender rights
November 28, 2014: By the Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista signed the city’s gender-fair
ordinance
May 2016: first ever transgender woman was elected in the lower house, Rep. Geraldine Roman
August 11, 2016: Senator Risa Hontiveros filed the first Senate version of Anti-Discrimintion
Bill
2017: Lower House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez prioritized the bill on civil union in the 17 th
Congress
September 20, 2017: With the vote of 197-0, the Anti-Discrimination Bill passed by the Lower
House on final reading
2018: As Supreme Court tackles same-sex marriage, then Acting SC Chief Justice Antonio
Carpio stated that same sex unions are constitutional because of the right to association.
However, marriage is still being defined by our family code as for a man and woman
July 2018: No less than the President, Rodrigo Duterte, supported same sex-civil unions but not
same-sex marriage
August 2018: Senators Hontiveros, Loren Legarda, Ralph Recto, Franklin Drilon, and Juan
Miguel Zubiri express support for the SOGIE bill while Senators Manny Pacquiao, Joel
Villanueva, and Senate President Vicente Sotto III opposed
2019: Both the SOGIE and civil union bills are refiled in the 18th Congress
2020: City of Manila passed also an anti-discrimination ordinance; one of the highlights is to
require businesses to have gender-neutral toilets by 2023
December 16, 2020: for the second time, Senator Hontiveros sponsored the SOGIE Bill in the
Senate
“My dear brother and sisters in the LGBT community, I want you to know that I am but
one voice among many in this august chamber that says it is time: It is the time to pass the
Anti-Discrimination Bill on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. And the
time is now,” declared Bataan 1st District Representative Geraldine Roman in an
impassioned privilege speech in Congress on Sept. 19, 2016. A year later, 197 other
congressmen echoed her call and unanimously passed the Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity and Expression “SOGIE” Equality bill on the third reading.
Uphill Battle
House Bill No. 4982 or “An Act Prohibiting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual
Orientation or Gender Identity or Expression (Sogie) and Providing Penalties Therefor”
is the first of its kind in the country. Other anti-discrimination bills have been filed in the
past, but these were never SOGIE-specific, lumping the lesbian, gay, transgender,
bisexual, and queer sector (LGBTQ++ sector) with others such as the differently abled or
the indigenous groups.
The first version of the SOGIE Equality Bill was filed in the 11th Congress by the late
Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago and Akbayan Rep. Etta Rosales. It was pending for
nineteen years, and is now coming to fruition in the 17th Congress through the ardent
efforts of Bataan 1st District Representative Geraldine Roman, Diwa Party List
Representative Emmeline Aglipay-Villar, and Dinagat Islands Representative Arlene
“Kaka” Bag-ao. While the bill still has to hurdle the Senate, its passage in the House is
already a victory in itself for the LGBTQ++ community.
The Purpose
The SOGIE Equality Bill is meant to fulfill the rights set forth in the 1987 constitution,
particularly the equal protection clause. It recognizes the LGBTQ++ as equals and ensures
that their rights are protected inasmuch as everyone’s is. The bill also acknowledges the
Philippines duties under international law particularly the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It thus
recognizes the non-discrimination of the LGBTQ++ as both a national and international
duty.
The Specifics
The bill first introduces and defines the concepts of sexual orientation, gender identity,
and gender expression, as well as other terms that are pertinent to the aforementioned.
It then lists the practices to be considered discriminatory and unlawful under the bill, like
the denial of rights to LGBTQ+ community on the basis of their SOGIE, such as their
right to access public services, right to use establishments and services including housing,
and right to apply for a professional license, among others. Differential treatment of an
employee or anyone engaged to render services, denial of admission to or expulsion from
an educational institution, refusal or revocation of accreditation to any organization due
to an individual’s SOGIE will also be penalized. The bill also deems as discriminatory the
Commission of any of the said acts will be meted out a fine of one hundred thousand to
five hundred thousand pesos (P100, 000 to P500, 000) or a prison sentence of one to six
years (1 to 6 years), or both. Additionally, the court may impose community service in the
form of attendance In human rights education.
The bill is not only punitive, but more importantly, is preventive. It orders the inclusion
of SOGIE concerns in all police station activities and services, with the renaming of the
Women and Children’s Desks to Women, Children, and LGBTQ++ Protection Desk, and
the imposition of human rights based training on the police. It directs the promotion of
nondiscrimination through social protection and diversity programs, and even incentivizes
the positive portrayal of the LGBTQ++ in the media. A SOGIE Equality Oversight
Committee shall be created to effectively implement the Act.
Continuing Fight
While the bill has already overcome resistance in the lower house, it is still hotly debated
in the Senate. Senate Majority Floor leader Tito Sotto III, Sen. Manny Pacquiao, and Sen.
Joel Villanueva, who have been very vocal about their religious beliefs, are among those
who staunchly oppose its passage. Various Christian groups have also expressed their
protest. The Christian Coalition for Righteousness, Justice and Truth (CCRJT), for one,
argues that the bill actually perpetuates and does not prevent discrimination, as it
discriminates against those who do not agree with the LGBTQ++ community.
Proponents of the bill, however, vow to continue the fight for its passage into law.
Chairperson for the Senate Committee on Women, Children, Family Relations and Gender
Equality, Senator RisaHontiveros-Baraquel stresses the importance of a law that will
protect people from sexual and gender-based discrimination and inequality, and laments
that it is long overdue.
With opposing forces weighing in on the debate, only time will tell if the SOGIE bill will
be signed into law.
*This article is a full excerpt from https://www.divinalaw.com/news-and-updates/sogie-equality-bill/
SOGIE Primer
https://www.facebook.com/paplgbtpsychologysig/posts/702855557315440/
Performance Tasks
PT 1: FILM REVIEW
Choose a local or international film that you think has gender issues as main content
After watching the film, make a review with the following parts:
Part 1: Introduction
- Summary of the film
- Other important details like the names of the actors, director, and others
Part 3: Conclusion
- What are the lessons you acquired in the film?
- How would you apply it in your own and for others around you?
- What can you say generally about the film and the gender issues therein?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For those who can access the Google Classroom, please follow the given instructions in the Classwork.
Criteria/
6 4 3 1
Points
The student was able The student was able to
The student was able The student was not
Content to review the film and
to review the film and
review the film and
able to review the film
answer the question answer the question
answer the question and answer the
(6) completely and
but with minor issues.
but with major
question.
correctly. inconsistencies.
The review and the The review and the
Clarity The review and the
answers are with some answers have major
answers are clear with
(1-7) grammatical (8 and above)
(4) no grammatical error.
errors. grammatical errors.
Rubric for PT 2
Criteria/
6 4 3 2
Points
The student presented the
The student presented the The student presented The student presented
complete and correct
Content and complete and correct
content of the chosen law
incomplete yet correct incomplete and incorrect
content of the chosen law content of the chosen law content of the chosen law
or bill, but there are
Creativity or bill.
errors in some parts.
or bill. or bill.
Learning Resources
Del Castillo, F., et al. (2021). Centrality of Religiosity among Select LGBTQs in the Philippines.
Religions 12 (83).
Deslate, M.J.B. (n.d.). The SOGIE Equality Bill. Retrieved from https://www.divinalaw.com/news-
and-updates/sogie-equality-bill/
Engcong, G., et al. (2018). On the Gender Pay Gap in the Philippines and the Occupational Placement
and Educational Attainment Levels of Men and Women in the Labor Force. Retrieved from
https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/8.9.1%20On%20the%20Gender%20Pay%20Gap%20
National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. (n.d.). Republic Act 9262 THE ANTI-
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004 A Briefer.
Official Gazette. (1987). Executive Order No. 209, s. 1987. Retrieved from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/07/06/executive-order-no-209-s-1987/
Philippine Commission on Women. (n.d.). Republic Act 9710: Magna Carta of Women. Retrieved
from https://pcw.gov.ph/republic-act-9710-magna-carta-of-women/
Quintos, M.A., Piamonte, S., and Iwayama, M. (2020). An Exploratory Study on the Practice of
Pagsasanto by Openly-Gay Santeros. Philippine Social Science Journal 3(3). 44-53.
Reyes, Marc Eric. (2019). Religiosity, Gender Role Beliefs, and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gays
in the Philippines. North American Journal of Psychology 21, 559-572.