The

Philippines
A Century Hence
An Essay by Jose Rizal
Introduction
Rizal wrote “Filipinas dentro de Cien Años” in
the late 19th century, around 1889-1890 while
he was in Barcelona, Spain. It was originally
published in the Filipino newspaper "La
Solidaridad" under the pen name "Laong Laan."

Published in Spanish
Part of his efforts to advocate for reforms
and to raise awareness about the situation
in the Philippines
Exposed the Spanish and predicted the
future of the Philippines
Overview of predictions made by Rizal:
Philippines to remain as a Spanish colony
Filipinos would inevitably revolt against
Spain should abuse insist.
After Spain, the Philippines may be
conquered by another country
 Chapter I
Rizal's emphasis in Chapter I is on recalling the past of the Philippines,
particularly the period of Spanish colonization.
He describes how the Filipino people gradually lost their identity under Spanish
rule, leading to a sense of disgust towards their own race.
Rizal elaborates on the suppression of Filipino literature, music, poetry, and ethics
by the Spanish colonizers.
Despite the efforts to strip them of their identity and reduce them to nothingness,
the Filipino people endured and survived.
Rizal acknowledges that while few hearts were awakened to their plight during those
centuries, he believes this awakening will spread in the future.

“Thus when a flame catches a garment, fear and confusion propagate it more
and more, and each shake, each blow, is a blast from the bellows to fan it into
life.”
 Chapter II
Rizal delves into the decay of Filipino identity and the emergence of Filipino
consciousness in Chapter II.
He observes that over the centuries, the oppression faced by Filipinos under
Spanish rule has intensified, leading to a loss of ethics, spirit, and customs
among the people.
Despite the worsening conditions, Spanish authority has strengthened, while many
Filipinos remain dazzled by promised rewards and positions of prominence within the
colonial system.
Notably, priests who were once aligned with the welfare of the natives became
exploiters and oppressors, leading to a loss of confidence in them.
Rising taxes, limited privileges, and ineffective laws further exacerbate Filipino
discontent, leading many to see little value in their lives compared to a glorious
death.
 Chapter II
Rizal predicts inevitable unrest if conditions persist, with the shared struggle of
the oppressed uniting them against their subjugation.
He argues that inflicting poverty on the subjugated only destabilizes society
further, potentially leading to more unrest and revolution.
Despite hardships, Rizal acknowledges the resilience of the Filipino people, whose
population has increased significantly despite wars and epidemics.
He foresees a unified Filipino movement across islands for new leadership and
social order but suggests peaceful evolution rather than a disruptive rupture under
Spanish authority.
 Chapter III
In Chapter III, Rizal advocates for fundamental reforms if the Philippines remains
under Spanish control: the establishment of a free press and Filipino
representation in the Cortes (parliament).
Rizal argues that a free press would benefit both Spain and the Philippines
because:
1. Spain gains direct observation and understanding of ground situations,
aiding effective governance.
2. Suppressing the press risks increased discontent and unrest, undermining
government stability.
3. Addressing abuses publicly garners respect, contrasting with concealment
tactics.
 Chapter III
Regarding representation in the Cortes, Rizal sees political struggles within
parliament as preferable to armed conflict.
He believes representation would provide a peaceful outlet for expressing
grievances and concerns.
While acknowledging potential challenges, Rizal insists that granting Filipino
representation is necessary for addressing discontent and improving governance.
Rizal refutes objections based on the perceived unsuitability of Filipinos for
representation, arguing that if they're deemed intelligent enough to pay taxes,
they're intelligent enough to choose representatives to protect their interests
He highlights the importance of empowering Filipinos to participate in governance
to prevent abuse and ensure their voices are heard.
 Chapter IV
In Chapter IV, Rizal predicts eventual Philippine independence if Spain fails to
meet certain conditions.
He warns of deep-seated animosity between ruling authority and the governed,
leading to conflicts and bloodshed.
He examines the attitudes of other colonial powers such as England, Germany,
France, and Holland, towards the Philippines independence, suggesting they may not
intervene due to other strategic interests.
Rizal speculates about the potential interest of the United States in acquiring
Pacific territories but notes historical constraints on American overseas
colonialism.
Despite uncertainties, Rizal believes in the Filipino people's determination to
strengthen their nation and reclaim their heritage.
He advocates for a policy of freely granting rights and liberties to foster
goodwill and avoid resentment.
 “Spain, we have spent our youth in serving thy interests in the interests of our country;
we have looked to thee, we have expended the whole light of our intellects, all the fervor
and enthusiasm of our hearts in working for the good of what was thine, to draw from
thee a glance of love, a liberal policy that would assure us the peace of our native land and
thy sway over loyal but unfortunate islands! Spain, thou hast remained deaf, and, wrapped
up in thy pride, hast pursued thy fatal course and accused us of being traitors, merely
because we love our country, because we tell thee the truth and hate all kinds of injustice.
What dost thou wish us to tell our wretched country, when it asks about the result of our
efforts? Must we say to it that, since for it we have lost everything—youth, future, hope,
peace, family; since in its service we have exhausted all the resources of hope, all the
disillusions of desire, it also takes the residue which we can not use, the blood from our
veins and the strength left in our arms? Spain, must we some day tell Filipinas that thou
hast no ear for her woes and that if she wishes to be saved she must redeem herself?”
 CONCLUSION AND
SIGNIFICANCE
This esssay showcases Rizal's unwavering commitment and burning
passion for his motherland, the Philippines.

Through his writings, Rizal sought to awaken the Filipino people to

their true identity, history, and potential

Rizal's works continue to inspire generations of Filipinos to strive

for a better future, grounded in the values of patriotism, integrity,
and social justice that he exemplified.

Jose Rizal's analysis of the Philippine situation under Spanish

colonization.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!