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Cape Peninsula
University of Technology

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE ND: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECTI HYDRAULIC MACHINES HDM300S

ASSESSIMENT: MID-TERM TEST

DATE: 19 March 2018

IME: 3H

TOTAL: 80 Marks

EXAMINER: P Senda

H Fawkes...
INTERNAL MODERATOR:

EXTERNAL MODERATOR: RT Dobson.........

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Read the questions and the instructions carefully

Attempt all questions.

Number your answers to the questions.

clearly according

Pocket calculators may be used

5. ALWAYS draw the diagram if

necessary (No diagram, less marks)
 QUESTION 1
(16 marks]

1.1) An flow pump

axial discharges water at the rate of 1.3 m'/s and runs at550 rpm. The
total head is 10 m. Assume blade
m/s, hydraulic
velocityof 22 m/s, flow velocity of 4.5
efficiency of087, and the overall pump efficiehcy of 0.83, draw the velocity triangle and
find
(10marks)
(1) The powerdelivered to the
water, and powerinput
(2)
(2) The impeller hub diameter and
tip diameter
(2)
3) The inlet and outlet blade
angles
(3)
1.2) The specific speed ofan axial flow
pump impeller is
velocity
1150 and the
of flow is 2.5
m/s. The
outer and inner diameters of thee
impeller are 0.9 m and 0.45 m, respectively.
Calculate the suitable
speed of the pump to give a head of 5.5 m. Also, calculate vane
angle at the entry of the pump.
(6 marks)

QUESTION 2
25marks]
2.1) A single radial flow, and double suction pump
stage, centrifugal having the following
data:

Discharge 721/s

Inner diameter 90mm

Outer diameter 280 mm
Revolution/minute 1650 Pmn AV
Width at inlet 20mm/side
Width at

Leakage
outlet

losses
18 mm/side

21/s
w UXr
Mechanical losses

Contraction factor due

1.41

to
kW
vane thickness
STN= 0.85
Relative velocityangle measured from tangential direction 35°
Overall efficiency 0.56
Determine

(1) Inlet vane angle (5marks)

(2) The angle at which the water leaves the wheel (4 marks)

3)The absolute velocity of the water leaving the impeller (I mark)

(4) Manometric efficiency (I mark)

(5) The volumetric and mechanical efficiencies (3marks)

C
Ang
Ur 1|Page
Wun W= U TDN
60
b cr
a
2.2) a at
The impeller of centrifugal pump has backward-facing blades inclined to the 30
tangent
at impeller outlet. The blades are 20 mm
in depth at the outlet, the impeller is 250
mm in diameter and it rotates at 1450 rpm. The flow rate through the pump is 0.028 m/s
and a slip factor of 0.77 may be assumed. Determine the theoretical head developed by
the impeller, and the numberofimpeller blades. (11 marks)

Z
QUESTION 3 (25 marks]

in non-dimensional form
3.1) Obtain using the method of repeating variables an expression
of Show how this
for the pressure gradient in a horizontal pipe circular cross-section.

to the familiar expression for frictional head loss. (11 marks)

relates

3.2)
A the flow in a pipe system conveying
prototype gate valve which
will control
(a)
the variables on which the
in a model. List
paraffin is to be studied
significant
to obtain
the valve would depend. Perform dimensional analysis
pressure drop across
the relevant non-dimensional groups.
(10marks)
valve with water
A 1/5 scale model determine the pressure drop across the
is built to
(b) of
opening, when
the velocity (density
as the working fluid. For a particular
paraffin

= 800 kg/m° and viscosity 0.02 =Pa.s)

in the prototype is 3.0 m/s what should be
the

the model for

=0.02 Pa.s) in dynamic similarity?
velocity ofwater (viscosity (4 marks)

QUESTION 4 ma. A [14 marks]

4.1) Positive displacement

M,L7 ,MeT
pumps are classified based on what characteristics? (3marks)

pumps (3 marks)
Give three disadvantages of non-positive displacement
4.2)

4.3) Why a sufficient NPSH is required to operate

a pump properly 2 marks)

pump with backward-inclined

curves for a centrifugal
4.4) Give typical pump performance
and provide the equilibrium equation at this point. (6 marks)
showing the operating point

P AP
80MARKS
TOTAL MARKS

2Page

C2
 FormulaeSheet -Hydraulic Machines)
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 T
2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0

Pelton wheel Francis turbines

Kaplan
single jet turbines

Pelton wheel Propeller turbines

multi-jet

Centrifugal Mixed-flow Propeller

pumps pumps pumps
(radial) (Axial)

Centrifugal compressors
and fans

Axial flow compressors, blowers

and ventilators

(gH
Axial flow

steam and gas turbines

0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 20.0

Pumps & Turbines

P' =P/pN3D
y gH/ND?
Q/ND53
Q= (Tt/4)D?-DK)E
Q=TDbkf
=
hr flQ/3d 4flv/2gd
hm kv/2g
Pumps

Ns=NQI2/H3/4
N
NQ2/(gH)34
E= 1/g(U2Vw2-UiVwi)
Gs1-(U27TSin B-)/Z(U2-f2Cot B2)... 200<B2 30° <
os [A-B(f/U,)Cotß21/[1 -(f2/U,)Cotß2]...).. 30< B2< 800
= --Pvappg- (z2-z)
os1-[(0,637m)/Z(1 f/U.)CotB2]... )... 809<B2 <90°
NPSH)Javail (Patm
-hloses

Turbines

Nop NPl2/(H)34
Ngp NP/2/p2(gh)54
E- 1/g(UiVwl-UaVwa)
Vi C[2gH]2
P pQU(j- U(1 +kCose)

Cape Peninsula University of Technology