Đề thi

Môn: Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Vật lí Chất rắn

Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút
(Sinh viên chỉ được sử dụng từ điển giấy)
1. Read these passages and chose one suitable word from the list to fill in each gaps. The word
should be correct meaning and used one time. For example: the word “diffraction” should be put
in the first gap. Write your answers on the answer paper: (1) diffraction
The list of words: Analysis, characteristic, crystalline, diffraction, interfering, lattice, line,
monochromatic, order, pattern, phases

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION

X-ray (1) is the elastic scattering of x-ray photons by atoms in a periodic lattice. The
scattered (2) x-rays that are in phase give constructive interference. Diffraction of x-
rays by crystal planes allows one to derive (3) spacing by using the Bragg's law.

where n is an integer called the (4) of reflection, λ is the wavelength of x-rays, d is

the characteristic spacing between the crystal planes of a given specimen and θ is the angle between
the incident beam and the normal to the reflecting lattice plane. By measuring the angles, θ , under
which the constructively (5) x-rays leave the crystal, the inter-planar spacing d, of
every single crystallographic phase can be determined.
In order to identify an unknown substance, the powder diffraction (6) is recorded
with the help of a camera or a diffractometer and a list of d-values and the relative intensities of the
diffraction lines is prepared. These data are compared with the standard (7) patterns
available for various compounds in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) database. This file is released
and annually updated by the international centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). It contains line
patterns of more than 60,000 different crystallographic phases. In practice, for any unknown sample,
the appearance of three most intense (8) lines from the standard PDF line pattern is a
sufficiently convincing evidence of the existence of a (9) phase in either a
homogeneous substance or even in a multi component mixture. In some cases a distinction between
two or more possible (10) phases can be done by comparing the other characteristic lines.
Furthermore, a prior knowledge of the class of materials under investigation and the chemical (11)
data can be of great value.
2. Read the paragraph below and answer the questions
The Nature of Color
Why are the sky blue and the grass green? Why isn't the sky green and the grass blue? And
why is a rose red instead of purple? What we see as color is the way our brains respond to
the different wavelengths of light.
Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that travels very quickly on different
frequencies, or wavelengths, which we see as different colors. For example, a wavelength
of 400 nanometers (nm) causes us to see violet. A wavelength of 660 nm causes us to see
red. The color brown is induced by the mixing of wavelengths. Yellow can be produced by
either its own wavelength or a mixture of the wave lengths from red and green. Our sky
looks blue because molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the air scatter more blue
wavelengths than any other color.
While light results from a mixing of the wavelengths of all colors, Sir Isaac Newton
discovered that when sunlight passed through glass prism, the white light dispersed into a
spectrum of colored light. Newton then allowed the spectrum to pass through a second
prism and the colors recombined, producing a beam of white light. This simple experiment
demonstrated that while light contains all the colors of the spectrum. A beautiful and
dramatic example of this occurs when sunlight falls on drops of water in the air after a
rain. The beam of white sunlight spatters into a rainbow of colors. Certain colors are
invisible to human eyes. Wavelengths shorter than that of violet produce ultraviolet light
that can damage skin cell Wavelengths longer than thái of the color red produce infrared
light, radio waves, x-rays, and gamma rays. We cannot see colors produced by these
wavelengths, but we can measure and use their energy.
Questions:
a. What properties of light decide its color?
b. How do you create different color?
c. Why is the sky blue?
d. What is the nature of white light?
e. Describe the experiment of Newton?
f. How do you separate the mono-light from white light?
g. What are properties of violet and infrared light?

3. Describe a physics experiment that you have ever done.

Đáp án:

Câu1:
(1) diffraction, (2)monochromatic, (3) lattice, (4) order, (5) interfering, (6) pattern, (7) line, (8)
characteristic, (9) crystalline, (10) phases, (11) analysis
Câu 2:
a. What properties of light decide its color?
The wavelength and mix of wavelength
b. How do you create different color?
By changing the wavelength or mixing some color with different ratio.
c. Why is the sky blue?
The molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the air scatter more blue wavelengths than
any other color.
d. What is the nature of white light?
While light results from a mixing of the wavelengths of all colors
e. Describe the experiment of Newton?
Newton then allowed the spectrum to pass through a second prism and the colors
recombined, producing a beam of white light. This simple experiment demonstrated
that while light contains all the colors of the spectrum
f. How do you separate the mono-light from white light?
Use the prism
g. What are properties of violet and infrared light?
-Invisible light, violet light has the wavelength< 400nm and infrared light have the
wavelength> 700nm
Câu 3.
TiAlSiN superhard nanocompsite films were deposited on tool steel substrate by typical cathodic
arc-plasma deposition equipment (Fig. 1). A single target (diam, 63 mm) made of Ti65Al30Si5
alloy (Ti, 65; Al, 30; and Si, 5 wt %) is installed on chamber wall. Substrates were placed in front of
target (distance, 280 mm). Small metal sheet between target and substrate acts as shield filter to
reduce droplets on films. Substrates were manually ground with SiC papers, polished with Al2O3
powder using a lows peed polishing machine, cleaned ultrasonically in pure alcohol and etched in
argon gas with a current (0.6 A) for 10 min.