Harvard Referencing Citing a book You should include the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Name(s) of author(s)/editor(s) Year of publication, in brackets Title of the book, underlined or in italics Edition, if not the first Place of publication Name of publisher Number of volumes, if more than one

Examples: Caliendo, M.A. (1979). Nutrition and the world food crisis. New York, Macmillan. Friedman, M. ed. (1975). Protein nutritional quality of foods and feeds. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2 vols. Citing a paper/chapter in a book You should include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Name(s) of author(s) of the paper/chapter Year of publication, in brackets Title of the paper or chapter Title of the book, underlined or in italics, prefaced with the word In: Editor(s) of the book, in brackets Volume number, part number, where applicable Place of publication Name of publisher

Example: Laurie, H. and Gershuny, J. (2000). Couples, work and money. In: Seven years in the lives of British families. (R. Berthoud and J. Gershuny, eds.). Bristol, Policy Press. Citing an article in a periodical/journal You should include: 1. Name(s) of author(s) of the article 2. Year of publication, in brackets 3. Title of the article 4. Full title of the periodical in italics. You may use an accepted abbreviation. Abbreviations can be found in the World list of scientific periodicals - there is a copy in the library - or other accepted sources, but the full title is usually preferred 5. Volume number, in bold 6. Issue number, in brackets You don't always have to give the issue number, it depends on the way the pages are numbered, but for some journals it is essential. It is certainly important when quoting from Food Technology or The Lancet. 7. Page numbers

Examples: O'Gorman, E. (1999). Detective fiction and historical narrative. Greece and Rome. 46, 19-26. Wong, S., Traianedes, K. and ODea, K. (1985). Factors affecting the rate of hydrolysis of starch in legumes. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 42, 38-43. Citing a web page You should include: 1. Title, underlined or in italics 2. URL: http:// internet address/remote path 3. Date visited, in square brackets Examples: PC magazine. URL: http://www.zdnet.co.uk/mags/pcmag/thismonth_pcmag.html [7 January 2001] Financial support for higher education students in 2001/2002 - a guide. URL: http://www.dfes.gov.uk/studentsupport/finance2001.cfm [7 January 2001] Citing other types of material You may also need to cite other types of publication. Some are listed below, others such as articles in newspapers and law reports are not covered here. You can find information about these in the style manuals referred to in Section 5.1 or from the web sites listed in Section 5.2. A conference paper You should include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Author's surname and initials Year of publication, in brackets Title of paper Title of conference proceedings, in italics or underlined Date of conference Location of conference Page numbers Publisher of proceedings Publisher's location

Example: Jones, J. (1994). Polymer blends based on compact disc scrap, in Proceedings of the Annual Technical Conference - Society of Plastics Engineers, May 1-5, 1994, San Francisco, pp. 2865-2867. Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookfield, CT.

A thesis

You should include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Name of author Year of publication, in brackets Title of thesis, in italics Type of degree (eg Ph.D. or M.Sc.) Name of the University Country

Example: Droth, M.S. (2000). The statuette and the role of the ornamental in late nineteenth century sculpture. Ph.D. Thesis. Reading University, U.K. Citing a cited reference If you wish to refer to an author at second hand (eg a reference in a review which cites a paper or book you have not consulted), the following form should be used. Good practice says you should keep cited references to an absolute minimum. Example: Chang, I. C. L. (1952). The fatty acid content of meat and poultry before and after cooking. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 29, 334-378. Cited by Bender, A.E. (1978). Food processing and nutrition. London, Academic Press. A patent You should include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name of the patent holder (usually a company) Year the patent came into force, in brackets Title of the patent in italics Country granting the patent Patent number

Example: National Starch and Chemical Corp. (1989). Degradation of granular starch. US Patent, us 4838944. Ways of referring to one or more authors in the text The ways in which you may refer to one or more authors in your text is shown in the examples below: One author: Carrier (1983) or (Carrier, 1983) Two authors: Carrier and Noiseux (1983) or (Carrier and Noiseux, 1983) Three or more: Carrier et al. (1998) or (Carrier et al., 1998)