Introduction to demographics &

Population
N.Dip Chemical Engineering on Humanities & social studies
Lecturer – Gwele, Z
What is demography
Demography is the scientific study of human populations.

• Concerns everything that influences and can be influenced by variables like”

• Population size (how many people there are in a place)

• Population growth/decline (How the number of people in a place change over time)

• Population procecesses (The level and trends in fertility, mortality, and migration that are
determining population size and change, and which can be thought of as capturing three
major life events; birth, partnership, childbirth )
Population
• Energy, matter, information
• Changes (populations and rarely stationary!)
• Fertility, fecundity, mortality
• GFR
• IMR
• Curde rate of natural increase
• Demographic transition
• Migration
• Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Industrialization
Effect of HIV/Aids on family and society
I. Stigmatization
HIV-related stigma isolates families and children.
HIV-related stigma and discrimination are
important tissues for HIV/AIDS-affected families
Discrimination is directed towards both people
living with HIV/AIDS and their family members.
Sometimes children from HIV/AIDS affected
families have difficulties understanding why
people treat them badly.
They feel different form other children,
leading to avoidance and isolation.
Sometimes people ask children from families with
HIV/AIDS to stay away from children of transfer
their children to a different school because they
do not want their children to study together with
children from HIV/AIDS affected families
Children from HIV/AIDS families do not look happy
when they come back from school because they
feel that they are different from other kids.
They would rather stay at home all day long
because they’re afraid of being discriminated
against.
This psychosocial stress can lead to delinquency
and depression
II. Poor economic conditions
Many HIV-affected families do not have a stable
income, and often there are no family members
who can work to support the family
Most of these families have a much lower
standard of living than household not affected by
HIV
This is because the parents' health deteriorate and
therefore cannot work, and the little money
earned are spent on drugs which are expensive
III. Poor education and school performance
Many HIV/Aids affected children cannot go to
school because their families cannot afford school
fees
Their families may need them at home to support
the family’s income or take care a sick family
member
For those children who can attend school, their
family situation makes it difficult for them to
perform well at school
IV. Children’s health and nutrition are
compromised
Most HIV/AIDS affected children do not have
enough nutritious foods and suffer from
malnutrition
Their health and nutrition are often ignored
Parents prioritize getting health care rather
than get expensive nutritious foods