ch12

Chapter 12
Measuring,
Marking, and
Laying Out
Materials
Objectives
• Distinguish between measuring, marking,
and layout tools.
• Lay out lines and geometric shapes.
• Transfer shapes to working material.
• Maintain measurement and layout tools.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Introduction
• Accurate measurement, layout result in
high-quality cabinetry
• Squareness
– All corners join at 90 angles
• Marking, measuring, layout tools
Marking Tools
• Pencil
• Marking knife
• Scratch awl
• Avoid ink
– Bleeds into wood cells
Marking Gauge
• Used to make parallel lines
• Adjustable head with steel
pin or cutting wheel
Patrick A. Molzahn
Using a Marking Gauge
• Adjust head to appropriate width from
edge of board to line
• Place gauge flat on material.
• Roll gauge toward stock until pin or cutter
touches surface
• Push gauge away from you. Keep head
against edge of work
Measuring Tools
• Measure lengths or angles
• US customary system
– Feet, inches
• International System (SI)
– Metric measurement
Lufkin Division—The Cooper Group, The L.S. Starrett Co.
Rule
• Flat, flexible, or folding
• Centering rule
– Units extend in both directions
• Rigid folding rule
– Typically 6′ long
• Flexible rule or tape measure
– Measures straight lengths and curves
Rules
Slide Calipers
• Measure outside, inside
distances and depths
• Vernier scale
• Dial calipers
• Digital calipers
Patrick A. Molzahn
Squares
• Uses
– Verify 90° corners
– Serves as straightedge
– Measure distances, angles
• Types
– Framing and bench square
– Try square
– Combination square
Framing and Bench Squares
• Framing Squares
– 24″ body, 16″ tongue
– Forms 90 angle
• Bench Square
– Smaller than framing square
• Face and back contain
measurement scales, some
have tables
Stanley Tools
Try Square
• Steel blade, steel or wood
handle
• Most reliable for accuracy
• Use to set up machinery,
check squareness, make
layouts
Combination Square
• Measure distances, depths
• Lay out 45 and 90 angles
• Draw parallel lines
• Locate centers
The L.S. Starrett Co.
Combination Square (Cont’d)
Tables
• Contain information for commonly used
measurements
• Brace measure table
– Diagonal measurements show length
needed for diagonal pieces
• Octagon scale
– Identifies critical measurements for laying
out octagons
Brace Measure Table
Octagon Scale
Scales
• Customary and metric
measurements
• Square is useful as a rule
• With measurement marked,
square used to draw
perpendicular line
Layout Tools
• Transfer distances, angles, contours
• Sliding T-bevel
• Angle divider
• Calipers
• Compass and divider
• Trammel points
• Profile gauge
Sliding T-Bevel
• Lay out and transfer angle
• Can be used to set angles
Angle Divider
• Two blades move outward
at equal rate from body
– Move from 0 to 90
• Numbers on body, index
mark on adjusting nut
Calipers
• Transfer dimensions
• Common types are inside, outside,
hermaphrodite
• Firm-joint or bow-spring
• Used most often for wood turning
Calipers (Cont’d)
Outside Caliper
• Check outside diameters on
turnings
– Set with rule
– Turn material until caliper
slips over diameter
Inside Caliper
• Checks inside diameters
– Set with rule
– Turn material until caliper just
slips in
Hermaphrodite Caliper
• One caliper-like leg, one needle-like point
• Uses
– Locating inside, outside centers by scribing
intersecting arcs
– Marking parallel line on flat or round stock
– Copying a contour (coping)
Hermaphrodite Caliper (Cont’d)
Compass and Divider
• Compass has pencil point on one leg
• Divider has two steel points
• Uses
– Step off distances
– Bisect lines, angles, arcs
– Construct tangent lines or arcs
– Scribe circles, ellipses, arcs
– Lay out polygons
– Cope contours
Compass and Divider (Cont’d)
Using a Compass
Using a Divider
Trammel Points
• Makes large circles
– Two steel points clamped on
a long piece of wood
– One point may be replaced
with a pencil
– Size limited only by length of
wood
Profile Gauge
• Copies irregular shapes
– Press pins against curved
surface
– Transfer contour to material
being cut
The Fine Tool Shops
Layout Practices
• Marking points
• Lines
• Circles and arcs
• Polygons
• Irregular shapes
• Layout rod
• Story pole
Marking Points
• Mark with V or arrow
• Press lightly to avoid scratching or denting
wood
• Use quality rule
• Have shop measurement standard to
check accuracy of tape measures
Lines, Circles, and Arcs
• Use rule or square for lines
• Use marking gauge, combination square,
hermaphrodite caliper for parallel lines
• Circles and arcs use compass, dividers,
trammel points
• Set layout tool for radius of arc, locate tool
point at arc’s center, swing arc
Polygons
• Triangles, square, rectangles, hexagons,
octagons
• Use framing square and protractor for
layout
Polygon Layouts
Drawing Polygons Using a
Compass
Laying Out an Ellipse Using
String
Irregular Shapes
• Patterns show how to lay out shape
– Half pattern
– Detail pattern
– Square grid pattern
Patterns
Patterns (Cont’d)
Templates
• Permanent full size pattern used to guide
tool
• Used when cutting shape multiple times
• Made of resilient material
Layout Rod
• Record of often-used distances
• Eliminates need to measure repeatedly
• Marked with important dimensions
• Surfaced on four sides
Story Pole
• Marks locations of items found in room
• 1  3 lumber, long as necessary
• Second pole equal to height of room or
tallest cabinet
• Also marks electrical outlets, doors,
windows
Digital Measuring Devices
• Lasers
• Electronic calipers
Accurate Technologies
Measuring and Layout Tool
Maintenance
• Wipe clean with soft rag
• Remove rust with steel wool
• Coat with paste wax
• Use paste wax to lubricate moving parts

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Chapter 12

Lufkin Division—The Cooper Group, The L.S. Starrett Co.

The L.S. Starrett Co.

The L.S. Starrett Co.

The L.S. Starrett Co.

The L.S. Starrett Co.

The Fine Tool Shops

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