REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL

WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

177 GUARDS BATTALION

SHITU ALAO BARRACKS KEFFI
NASARAWA STATE

BY

YAKUBU SAIDU
NSU/PT2/CMP/0041/18/19
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences
Nasarawa State University, Keffi

Being a Report Submitted to the SIWES Unit, Nasarawa State

University, Keffi, Nigeria, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).

January 2023

i
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to God Almighty for his enormous grace, guidance and
protection throughout the training and to my wonderful parents, who taught me
that the largest task can be accomplished if one can work hard and remain
committed to one’s true self. I must also acknowledge the contribution of everyone
that have contributed greatly to the success of my Industrial Training.

ii
 ABSTRACT

This report is based on the student industrial work experience scheme held at 177 Guards
Battalion Shitu Alao Barracks, Keffi, Nasarawa State. It provides a brief explanation about the
SIWES program such as its history, objectives, aims while also giving a description of the work
done in 177 Guards Battalion. It further focuses on the technical exposure gained from each
department such as the Orderly Room and Battalion Headquarters. It finally gives account to
some of the machine and equipment used in the various Offices as well as its function. It also
provides insight in some of the challenges faced and gives a few recommendations on how to
further improve the program.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise and adoration are to God Almighty my creator, my strong pillar, my source of
inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the source of my strength
throughout this program.
I owe thanks to my parents for their unstinting support, co-operation, encouragement and
understanding throughout the span of this program and many other close friends and family
members.
I have taken effort in this report. However, it would not have been possible without the kind of
roles played by all the administrative staffs of 177 Guards Battalion Headquarters for their
relentless supports, guidance, constant supervision, and explanation of work(s) done even though
the work was so hectic. Other members of staff of 177 Guards Battalion who contributed to one
form, or the other are deeply appreciated and to the people who have willingly helped me out
with their abilities.

iv
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that I, YAKUBU SAIDU from Computer Science Department, Faculty of
Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria underwent the six
months Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) at 177 Guards Battalion
Headquarters Nigerian Army, Shitu Alao Barracks, Keffi, Nasarawa State Nigeria, from 1st of
March to the 31st of August 2022. I also declare that to the best of my knowledge, all sources of
knowledge used have been duly acknowledged.

---------------------------------------
YAKUBU SAIDU
NSU/PT2/CMP/0041/18/19

v
 PREFACE

This report contains all the activities undertaken during the student industrial work
Experience. The exercise which is a must to all third year and its equivalent
students in Computer Science exposes the student to the industrial and s intensive
world.

It has been compiled in a style that would be very clear to any reader. In this
report, diagrams are used where necessary to elaborate what the writer is saying.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE
i
DEDICATION
ii
ABSTRACT
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iv
DECLARATION
v

PREFERENCE
vi

1. CHAPTER ONE: THE SIWES.............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of SIWES...........................................................................................2
1.3 Roles of Student..................................................................................................................2
1.4 Objective of the Report........................................................................................................2
1.5 The Logbook.....................................................................................................................2
2 CHAPTER TWO: Description of the Establishment of Attachment ................................................................................4

2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................
2.2 The Structure.......................................................................................................................
2.3 The Core Value.....................................................................................................................
3 CHAPTER THREE: WORK DONE & EXPERIENCE GAINED....................................................................................9

3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................9
3.2 Computer Hardware ............................................................................................................9
3.3 Computer Software..............................................................................................................9
3.4 Humanware........................................................................................................................9
3.5 A Microprocessor.............................................................................................................14

vii
 3.6 Microsoft Word...............................................................................................................27
3.7 Microsoft Excel...............................................................................................................35
3.8 Microsoft PowerPoint…………………………………………………………………. 43

3.9 Computer Programming..................................................................................................48

3.9.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................48
3.9.2 HTML.................................................................................................................49
3.9.3 CSS......................................................................................................................56
4 CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, CHALLENGIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................72

4.1 Summary and Conclusions:............................................................................................72

4.2 Challengies......................................................................................................................72
4.3 Recommendations...........................................................................................................73
REFRENCE A

viii
 1. CHAPTER ONE

THE SIWES

1.1 Introduction

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is the accepted skills training
program, which forms part of the approved minimum Academic Standards in the various
degree program for all the Nigerian Universities. It is funded by the Federal Government
of Nigeria and jointly co-ordinate by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the National
Universities Commission (NUC). It is also designed to expose and prepare students at
Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of Technology, Colleges of Agriculture and Colleges
of Education for the industrial work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. The
scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to
the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available
in their Institutions. Before the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern
among our industrialists that graduates of our Institutions of higher learning lacked
adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in Industries. Thus, the
employers believed the theoretical education going on in higher institutions was not
responsive to the needs of the employers of labor. It is against this background that the
rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF)
during its formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the
skills of handling employers’ equipment and machinery. The ITF solely funded the
scheme during its formative years. But as the financial involvement became unbearable to
the Fund, it withdrew from the Scheme in 1978. The Federal Government handed over the
scheme in 1979 to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National
Board for Technical Education (NBTE). Later the Federal Government in November 1984
revert the management and implementation of the SIWES Programmed to ITF and it was
effectively taken over by the Industrial Training Fund in July 1985 with the funding being
solely borne by the Federal Government (SA'AD, 2018).

1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of SIWES

 The program teaches the student on how to interact effectively with other workers
and supervisors under various conditions in the organization.

 It will help students to gain increased maturity and understanding of the workplace.

 The students will have chance to evaluate companies for which they might wish to
work.

 It exposes students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and

machines that may not be available in educational institution.

 The program provides students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in

real work and actual practice.

 SIWES increases a student sense of responsibility.

 SIWES provides students the opportunity to test their interest in a

particular career before permanent commitments are made.

 It helps them to gain interpersonal and entrepreneual skills.

 It inserts in them the right kind of work attributes and professionalism through
interactions with people in the organization.

 It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real

life situations.

 It strengthens links between the employers, universities, and industrial training

fund (ITF).

 It also prepares the students for the labor market after graduation.

2
  It helps in increasing self-confidence and identifying their own proficiency.

 The industrial training program improves students’ awareness in single technology.

 The learners can obtain hands-on experience and know the real job scenario.

 It cultivates the leadership ability of the students and gives them the responsibility
to execute and perform the given task.

1.3 Roles of Student

 Attend SIWES orientation programme before going on attachment.

 Comply with the establishment’s rule and regulation.

 Arrange living accommodation during the period of attachment.

 Record all training activity done and other assignment in the log book.

 Complete SPEI from ITF, FORM 8 and get it endorsed by the employer for
submission to the ITF.

1.4 Objectives of the Report

The objectives of the SIWES report are;

 To make through explanation of the work done during my four month industrial
training.

 To fulfill the requirement for computer science degree awarding in University level.

 To contribute to the body of knowledge and to enhance the understanding of the

writer about a similar or same job.

1.5 The Logbook

3
The logbook issued to student on attachment by the institution was used to record all daily
activities that took place during the period of attachment, and it was checked and
endorse by the industry based/institution based supervisors and ITF during supervision.

2 CHAPTER TWO

DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ATTACHMENT

2.1 Introduction

177 Guards Battalion was formed as an Infantry Unit in 1969 in Jato, Auchi Edo State
under the command of Second Lieutenant Lasisi Salami. The Battalion was under 25
Brigade of 2 Division Nigeria Army at Uromi commanded by Late Former Head of State
General Sani Abacha. After the Civil War, the Nigeria Army re-shuffled and disbanded
some units including 25 Brigade in a bid to reposition the formations/unit’s nomenclature
after the war. In November 1973, 177 Guards Battalion was merged with 7 Brigade with
headquarters at Asaba under the command of Colonel Eneigbe. The Battalion was later
moved from Jato Amanawa Barracks to Zuru in Kebbi State under the command of
Captain CE Mbaba. At Zuru, 177 Infantry Battalion was located close to a body of water
which Kada Girmache (Crocodile) and its offspring domiciled. In Zuru land, it was
generally believed that the crocodile was capable of solving individuals’ problems on
request and the battalion seeks for the favour whenever they are to go for operation which
usually turns out to be victorious. Consequent upon above, the Battalion adopted the
crocodile as the Logo of the unit with the permission of the native authority. In 1991, 177
Mechanized Battalion moved from Zuru to Asabari Barracks Shaki in Oyo State under 2
Mechanized Division. Similarly, on the 25 July 1992, the Battalion was inducted into
Liberia for Operation Liberty under ECOMOG and the rear party was moved from Saki to
Ibadan in 1993. In October 1992 in Abuja, the unit’s Colour was handed over to Major
Peter Ehiakhamen who was the rear Commanding Officer. On inception of the present
Democratic dispensation, the unit on 1 October 1999 was relocated from Ibadan to Keffi
as part of the elite corps, the Guards Brigade to perform security and ceremonial duties to
4
Mr President, his immediate family, 3 arms zone and Military Aid to Civil Authority in
Nasarawa State.

2.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

COMMANDING
OFFICER

SECOND IN
ADJUTANT
COMMAND

PERSONAL ORDERLY
CHIEF CLERK
ASSISTANCE ROOM

2.3 THE CORE VALUES

2.3.1 Courage
Mental or moral strength to venture, persevere and withstand danger,
fear or difficulty. It can also be said to be; Doing and saying the right
thing not the easy thing.
2.3.2 Discipline

Doing things properly and setting the right example. Discipline or as it

is often referred, is defined as the state of order and obedience among
personnel in organization and is characterized by the men's prompt and
willing responsiveness to orders and understanding compliance to
regulation. It has been proven time and again that discipline is the
difference between winning and losing, between average and
exceptional. Once standards are established in an organization, it takes
discipline to follow and enforce those standards both individually and
5
 collectively. Although this might seem straight forward and relatively
easy to accomplish, it can be much more difficult to achieve in practice.

2.3.3 Integrity
Do what's right, legally and morally. Integrity is a quality you develop
by adhering to moral principles. It requires that you do and say nothing
that deceives others. As your integrity grows, so does the trust others
place in you. The more choices you make based on integrity, the more
this highly prized value will affect your relationships with family and
friends so as the fundamental acceptance of yourself. Being honest with
yourself and your teammates, integrity means being honest, not lying,
cheating or stealing. If you lack integrity, your teammates cannot trust
what you say or do; they cannot rely on you and your team will suffer.
You must look after your integrity most especially like trust, once it is
lost it takes a long time to earn back, if ever.
2.3.4 Loyalty

Loyalty means commitment to a nation, cause, purpose or a person. It

embodies the ability to stand behind one's promises and convictions.
"Loyalty does not waiver in the time of test but garners strength from
within to stand committed to support the person, the belief or the cause
despite whatever challenges may come.

Loyalty is about supporting your teammates, looking after and helping

them, putting their needs before your own, not letting them down, even
when the going gets tough. In return, they will do the same to you.
Those who don’t know the value of loyalty can never appreciate the cost
of betrayal. However, loyalty does not mean you should cover up for
illegal or unlawful acts committed by your teammates, as that would
show a lack of integrity and moral courage.

2.3.5 Selfless Commitment or Service

Put the welfare of the nation, organization and your subordinates before
yours own. The basic building blocks of selfless service is the
commitment of each team member to go a little further, endure a little
6
 longer and look a little closer to see how he or she can add to the effort.
Teams can only be effective if all plays part in full, putting the team
before Self needs, trusting each other totally - even with lives where
necessary.
2.3.6 Respect for Others
Respect for others means treating people decently. Human beans are
created in all shapes and sizes and all deserve to be treated fairly. There
is no place for any form of harassment or discrimination in the
establishment that claims to ‘Be the Best’. Discrimination damages
teams; it excludes members and does not give them a chance to
contribute. The nation recognizes the importance of humour, but
humour must be inclusive. Humour that insults, ridicules or intimidates
people is destructive and damages the team. Respecting others is part of
the trust that has to exist between you and your team mates; you must
judge people on their abilities and not on their race, religion or sex. It is
difficult to list every standard that affects our professional and private
lives. But if we live by our Values, then the Standards are clear.

7
 3 CHAPTER THREE:

WORK DONE & EXPERIENCE GAINED

3.1 Introduction

This chapter covers the information on experience gained from various offices during my
SIWES. I was advised and lectured that the importance of computer knowledge in the
society cannot be overemphasized in any establishment. In my first few days in the
training place, I was made to understand the design and working principles of computers’
components, it is important to have the design knowledge of both laptop and desktop
computers before proceeding into the eperation. The manufacturer of computers must
know what brand of computer to produce for a targeted market. I was made to understand
that there are three components of a computer, these are:
i. Computer Hardware

ii. Computer Software

iii. Human ware

3.2 Computer Hardware

The hardware refers to the physical components and the devices which make up the
visible computer. It can be divided into two: Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the
Peripherals. The CPU is responsible for all processing that the computer does while the
peripherals are responsible for feeding data into the system and for collecting information
from the system. The CPU consists of Main Storage, Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
and Control Unit. The main storage is used for storing data to be processed as well as the
instructions for processing them. The ALU is the unit for arithmetic and logical
operations. The control unit ensures the smooth operation of the other hardware units. It
fetches instruction, decode (interprets) the instruction and issues commands to the units
responsible for executing the instructions.(Rossmann et al., 1975)

The Peripherals are in three categories: Input devices, Output devices and Auxiliary
storage devices. The input device is used for supplying data and instructions to the
computer. Examples are terminal Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Microphone, Scanner,
Webcam, and so on. Output device is used for obtaining result (information) from the
computer. Examples are Printers, Video Display Unit (VDU), loudspeaker, projector, and
8
so on. Auxiliary Storage Devices are used for storing information on a long-term basis.
Examples are hard disk, flash disk, magnetic tape, memory card, and so on (Babatunde,
2019).

Fig. 3.1 computer keyboard, mouse, and motherboard

3.3 Computer Software

Software basically refers to programs written to control the operations of computer
hardware. A program consists of sequence of coded instructions showing the logical steps
required to accomplish a well-defined task. It also refers to the instructions, programs,
data, and protocols which run on top of hardware (Alfred, 2021). Examples of such tasks
include:

1. Finding the average score of a student

2. Computing the net pay of an employee

3. Solving a set of simultaneous linear equations

It is the software that enables the hardware to be put into effective use; i. e the software
that makes the computer versatile. There are two main categories of software – System
software and Application software.

i. System software are programs commonly written by computer manufacturers, which

have direct effect on the control, performance and ease of usage of the computer
system. Examples are Operating System, Language Translators, and System Utilities
Programs.

9
 Fig. 3.2 System software (operating systems)

ii. Application software are programs written by a user to solve his/her own application
problem. They do not have any effect on the efficiency of the computer system. An
example is a program to calculate the grade point average of all the 100L students.
Application software can be divided into two namely: Application Package and User’s
Application Program. When application programs are written in a very generalized and
standardized nature such that they can be adopted by several different organizations or
persons to solve similar problem, they are called Application Packages. There are a few
micro-computer-based packages. These include word processors (such as MS-word,
WordPerfect, WordStar); Database packages (such as Oracle, MS-access, Sybase, SQL
Server, and Informix); Spreadsheet packages (such as Lotus 1-2-3 and MS-Excel);
Graphic packages (such as CorelDraw, Fireworks, Photoshop etc.), and Statistical
packages (such as SPSS). User’s Application Program is a program written by the user
to solve specific problem which is not generalized in nature. Examples include writing a
program to find the roots of quadratic equation, payroll application program, and program
to compute students’ results (Babatunde, 2019).

Fig. 3.3 computer application packages

10
3.4 Human ware

The human ware component refers to the person that uses the computer. More
specifically, it is about the individual that makes hardware and software components
productive. Typically, a great deal of testing is done on software packages and hardware
parts to ensure they enhance the end-user experience to aid in creating documents, musical
and video recordings, and all forms of raw and finished data (Alfred, 2021).

Fig. 3.4 human ware

3.5 A Microprocessor
A microprocessor is any of a type of miniature electronic device that contains
the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry necessary to perform the functions of a
digital computer’s central processing unit. In effect, this kind of integrated circuit can
interpret and execute program instructions as well as handle arithmetic operations.

In the early 1970s the introduction of large-scale integration (LSI)—which made it

possible to pack thousands of transistors, diodes, and resistors onto a silicon chip less than
0.2 inch (5 mm) square—led to the development of the microprocessor. The first
microprocessor was the Intel 4004, which was introduced in 1971. During the early 1980s
very large-scale integration (VLSI) vastly increased the circuit density of microprocessors.
In the 2010s a single VLSI circuit holds billions of electronic components on a chip
identical in size to the LSI circuit (Gloria, et al., 2019).
Microprocessor consists of an Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU), flag register, register
array, instruction decoding unit, a control unit and PC/IP. ALU performs arithmetical and

11
logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input device. Register array
consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L and accumulator. The
control unit controls the flow of data and instructions within the computer.

Fig. 3.5 Block diagram showing basic functional blocks of a microprocessor

3.6 Microsoft Word

My First weeks at the office was very Educative as I was posted into the publications
department where I spent time working with Microsoft word. I learnt the basic features
available in the environment, some of which consist of:

1. The Home Key: This is the first open feature seen once inside the environment as they
house a new blank document. That is when a new document is created, the home keys
are activated. Features found here include clipboard functions (cut, copy, paste), Fonts,
Paragraph, Styles.
2. Insert Key: This feature allows one to perform special editing functions like the
inclusion of tables, pictures or clip arts. With the insert feature, one can create
wonderful documents that provide good pictorial view of the concept under discussion.
3. Page Layout: This is the feature in Microsoft word that enables one adjust the page
layouts of the document. It has features such as Themes, Page Setups, Page

12
 Background, Paragraph, and Arrange. With this feature, default page arrangements can
be altered and adjusted to suit one’s desired arrangement.
4. Review Key: This area enables proof reading of the document by using features
available in the environment. Features found there include; Proofing tools, Comment
tools, Tracking tools and document protection tools.
5. Acrobat and View keys: The acrobat tool enable one change the document from the
normal word or doc form to a portable document format (pdf). The view tool has
features that enable one view the document either on the web or elsewhere, also
features like the Show/Hide, Zoom, Window and Macros. The figure below (fig1.0)
shows the diagram of the Microsoft environment.

2.1 SAVING AND OPENING OF A DOCUMENT

I learnt also the various steps to properly save a document, which involve the following steps:

1. Open Microsoft Word

2. Click on the blank document or in some cases, the new document is open by default.
3. Save the document with a desired name and selecting the appropriate location for storage.
4. Now you can start typing.
Saving your work is like keeping it in a file cabinet. Diagram of a cabinet is shown in the figure below
(fig2.0)

13
3.7 MS-EXCEL

MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic spreadsheet

with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data, graphically represent data(s),
and performing different calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns; a
row and column together make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by column name
and row number example A1, D2, etc. this is also known as a cell reference. Cell
references: The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell reference. It
helps the software to identify the cell from where the data/value is to be used in the
formula. We can reference the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.

Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as External referencing.

Referencing the cell of other programs is known as Remote referencing.

There are three types of cell references in Excel:

Relative reference.
Absolute reference.
Mixed reference.

The Ribbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user with different
facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:

Home Tab: It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of text, editing the
cells in the spreadsheet, autosum, etc.

Insert Tab: It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables, images, clip art,
charts, links, etc.

Page Layout: It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like margins,
orientation, height, width, background etc. The worksheet appearance will be the same in
the hard copy as well.

Formulas: It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which can be used by

user just by selecting the cell or range of cells for values.

Data: The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set of data like
analysis through what-if analysis tools and many other data analysis tools, removing
duplicate data, transpose the row and column, etc. It also helps to access data(s) from
different sources as well, such as from Ms-Access, from web, etc.
14
Review: This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings, translating the
text, and helps to protect and share the worksheet and workbook.

View: It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook, show/hide ruler,
gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and adding macros.

Creating a new spreadsheet:

In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet:

In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.

Click on that button to add a new sheet.

We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet number before which you
want to insert the sheet.

Click on Insert.

Select Worksheet.

Click OK.

Opening previous spreadsheet:

On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet you have
opened.

On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available like Sheet 2,
Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the number/name of the sheet you
want to open and the sheet will open in the same workbook.

For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then simply just click on
Sheet 2 to open it.

Managing the spreadsheets:

You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by:

Simply navigating between the sheets.

Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.

Choose among the various options available like, move, copy, rename, add, delete etc.

15
You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just by selecting the workbook
in the to workbook and the sheet before you want to insert the sheet in Before sheet.

MS EXCEL WORK PAGE

To save the workbook:

Click on the Office Button or the File tab.

Click on Save As option.

Write the desired name of your file.

Click OK.

To share your workbook:

Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.

Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).

If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for another user then
click on Protect and Share Workbook option.

Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the same time. This also
allows workbook merging” in the Share Workbook dialog box.

Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track, update changes.

Click OK.

16
Ms-Excel shortcuts:

Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.

Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.

Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.

Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.

Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.

Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.

Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.

Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.

Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.

Ctrl+Z: To undo.

3.8 Microsoft PowerPoint

MS PowerPoint is a program that is included in the Microsoft Office suite. PowerPoint

(PPT) is a powerful, easy-to-use presentation graphics software program that allows you
to create professional-looking electronic slide shows. It is used to make presentations for
personal and professional purposes. The program was created in a software company
named Forethought, Inc. by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin. It was released on April
20, 1987, and after 3 months of its creation, it was acquired by Microsoft. The first
version of this program, when introduced by Microsoft was MS PowerPoint 2.0 (1990). It
is a presentation-based program that uses graphics, videos, etc. to make a presentation
more interactive and interesting. The file extension of a saved PowerPoint presentation is
“.ppt”. A PowerPoint presentation comprising slides and other features is also known as
PPT. Gradually, with each version, the program was more creative and more interactive.
Various other features were added in PowerPoint which massively increased the
requirement and use of this MS Office program.

The image given below shows the main page of MS PowerPoint, where a person lands
when the program is opened on a computer system:

17
 MS PowerPoint Page

Follow the steps below to open MS PowerPoint on a personal computer:

i. Click on the start button

ii. Then choose “All Programs
iii. Next step is to select “MS Office
iv. Under MS Office, click on the “MS PowerPoint

A blank presentation is open on the screen. According to the requirement, a person can
modify the template for a presentation and start using the program.

3.9 Computer Programming

3.9.1 Introduction

Programming is the act of writing computer programs by using languages known as

computer languages. Programs enable hardware perform their functions properly and
efficiently. These programs in turn respond or communicate with humans to operations.
Such programs are written in different languages like Java, C, C++, e.t.c. Programs are
also called softwares when they have been packaged together. Java is one of the dominant
programming languages in use, it is an object-oriented language the makes use of objects,
18
classes, inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation and some other features found in object
oriented programming.

The web is one of the latest technologies gaining wider acceptance. It has languages used
to generate them; such languages include cascading style sheets (CSS), hypertext mark-up
language (HTML).

HTML is the first language every web programmer must and should know. It has tags and
each tag must begin with an opening and a closing tag. There are also special tags such as
the head tags, body tags and image tags.

The head tag is where scripts used in the web page are kept or declared, while the body
tag provides the platform for the actual page content.

Cascading style sheet provides the styling needed in the page. It has tags called selectors
that are used to perform the styling needed in the web pages. To include CSS in your
document, there are several ways to do so. Some include; External style sheet, inline style
sheet, and internal style sheet.

1. Including CSS In a document using the External Style Sheet: The tag used to include it
is;
<link rel=”style sheet” type=”text/css” href=”main.css”>
Please note that the external style sheet, is saved the main, and saved with a .css
extension.
2. Including CSS In a document using the Internal Style Sheet: The tag used to perform
this function is :
<style type=”text/css”>
Contents to tyle goes here
</style>
3. Including CSS using an Inline Style Sheet: To perform this function, we simply use;
<h1 style=”color:red”;>Hello World</h1>
The above code simply syle any header one content with a color (red).

EXERCISE
The task here is to create a page using some of the HTML tags and styling using some
CSS codes.

<html>
<head>
<title>My exercise work</title>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=”main.css”>

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</head>
<body>
<h1>Meaning of First Name</h1>
<p> First names are given to individuals to identify them easily. They are often known
as personal names</p>
<h2>Last Names</h2>
<p> these are family names that can identify relations either nuclear or extended. </p>
</body>
</html>

The CSS code used to format the above is shown below:

Body {
Background-color: blue;
}
h1, h2 {
Color: red;
}
P{
Color: white;
}
The above code must be saved in the same page place the html code was saved, with
the name-main.css.

 Front-end web development through the use of HTML, CSS, Bootstrap.

 Teaching
 Prodigy Personnel
 Graphics Designing

3.9.2 Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the backbone of any website development process, without
which a web page doesn't exist. Hypertext means that text has links, termed hyperlinks, embedded in
it. When a user clicks on a word or a phrase that has a hyperlink, it will bring another web-page. A
markup language indicates text can be turned into images, tables, links, and other representations. It is
the HTML code that provides an overall framework of how the site will look.

20
 Below is an example of HTML used to define a basic webpage with a title and a single paragraph of
text

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset =”UTF – 8”

<title></title>

</head>

<boby>

<p>This is a report written by Ibejih Chikwuka Daniel </p>

</body>

</html>

The first line defines what type of contents the document contains. "<!DOCTYPE html>" means the page
is written in HTML5. Properly formatted HTML pages should include <html>, <head>, and <body> tags,
which are all included in the example above. The page title, metadata, and link to referenced files are
placed between the <head> tags. The actual contents of the page go between the <body> tags.
The web has gone through many changes over the past few decades, but HTML has always been the
fundamental language used to develop webpages. Interestingly, while websites have become more
advanced and interactive, HTML has actually gotten simpler. If you compare the source of an HTML5
page with a similar page written in HTML 4.01 or XHTML 1.0, the HTML5 page would probably
contain less code. This is because modern HTML relies on cascading style sheets or JavaScript to format
nearly all the elements within a page.

3.9.2 CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS)

CSS stands for "Cascading Style Sheet." Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web
pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously
could only be defined in a page's HTML.

CSS helps Web developers create a uniform look across several pages of a Web site. Instead of defining
the style of each table and each block of text within a page's HTML, commonly used styles need to be
21
defined only once in a CSS document. Once the style is defined in cascading style sheet, it can be used
by any page that references the CSS file. Plus, CSS makes it easy to change styles across several pages at
once. For example, a Web developer may want to increase the default text size from 10pt to 12pt for fifty
pages of a Web site. If the pages all reference the same style sheet, the text size only needs to be changed
on the style sheet and all the pages will show the larger text.

While CSS is great for creating text styles, it is helpful for formatting other aspects of Web page layout
as well. For example, CSS can be used to define the cell padding of table cells, the style, thickness, and
color of a table's border, and the padding around images or other objects. CSS gives Web developers
more exact control over how Web pages will look than HTML does. This is why most Web pages today
incorporate cascading style sheets.

3.5 BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is a framework to help you design websites faster and easier. It includes HTML and CSS based
design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels, etc. It also
gives you support for JavaScript plugins. The basic file structure looks like this:

bootstrap/

├── css/

│ ├── bootstrap.css

│ ├── bootstrap.css.map

│ ├── bootstrap.min.css

│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css

│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css.map

│ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css

├── js/

│ ├── bootstrap.js

│ └── bootstrap.min.js

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└── fonts/

├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot

├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg

├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf

├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff

└── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2

The Bootstrap structure is pretty simple and self-explanatory. It includes precompiled files that enable
quick usage in any web project. Besides compiled and minified CSS and JS files, it also includes fonts
from Glyphicons, and the optional starting Bootstrap theme.
This structure can be easily incorporated in your own project’s file structure by just including the
Bootstrap files exactly as they come out of the zip archive, or if it suits your project better, you can
rearrange these files and place them anywhere you like. Just be sure that the Glyphicons fonts folder is on
the same level as the CSS folder.

3.9 BASIC BOOTSTRAP HTML TEMPLATE

A basic Bootstrap HTML template should look something like this:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<title>Bootstrap Template</title>

<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

</head>

<body>

23
 <h1>Hello, world!</h1>

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

4 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Summary and Conclusions:

The whole experience gained during the attachment at 177 Guards Battalion was very
enlightening. The practical skills I was exposed to and the opportunity to relate with
typical situations relating to science. These experiences have successfully broadened my
understanding and interest in computerization as a profession especially in an office
setting.
The training was worthwhile, has it accorded me the privilege of gaining insight into job
preparation as well as what it meant to carry out proper inspection and also working
condition under stress which in a way prepares undergraduates for the outside world after
school.
The program gave me the privilege to relate with senior professionals and other tactful
and resources persons from different offices and this experience made me appreciate the
nature, benefits, and intricacies of my chosen field of study both in the classroom and in
the society at large while also gives me the opportunity to put into practice the theoretical
knowledge acquired throughout my stay in school. The program has given me the rare
privilege of gaining practical knowledge and widened my knowledge about the computer
science in the world.

24
4.2 Problem Faced During SIWES Program

Some of the problems experienced during the SIWES program are as stated below:

1. Limited orientation before starting the program.

2. There is also difficulty in getting a placement since placement letter was not issued on
time.
3.The workload is too broad to the extent that engineers were unable to explain the
importance of work done on particular equipment to me as well as how it relates to the
theoretical knowledge gathered.

4.3 Recommendations

Based on the experience and knowledge acquired at the course of the SIWES training, I
hereby give the following recommendation:

i. Proper orientation should be given to the students by the university before they
go on SIWES at least before mid-semester break of first semester.

ii. Federal Government at all stage to take this SIWES program more seriously
seen by the students of applied science and other related departments as a virtual
improvement in future of technology in our nature.

iii. Government should also ensure a proper supervision of SIWES student so that
the purpose of the programme will be achieved.

iv. The Federal Government should make adequate provision in the annual budget
for proper funding of SIWES in view of the potential of the scheme to contribute
to enhancing the quality of the pool to technical skill available to the economy.

v. A comprehensive and detail directory of employer who accept students for

SIWES is urgently required to facilitate placement of student in industry.

25
vi. In order to guarantee quality assurance of institution and the ITF, the ITF should
ensure that the backlog in payment of students’ allowance is cleared urgently to
remove the negative image being created for SIWES.

vii. The placement letter should be given to students early enough so as to avoid
attachment in irrelevant organization.

viii. Student should avoid prioritizing money over work or experience and should
develop a good attitude, good work ethics and be a good ambassador of the
university they are representing.

ix. Institutions and ITF should ensure that students are attached at relevant
establishment for effective training, experience and exposure related to their
course of study in the university.

26
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A