2005 AP® CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS (Form B)

CHEMISTRY
Section II
(Total time—90 minutes)

Part A
Time—40 minutes
YOU MAY USE YOUR CALCULATOR FOR PART A.

CLEARLY SHOW THE METHOD USED AND THE STEPS INVOLVED IN ARRIVING AT YOUR ANSWERS.
It is to your advantage to do this, since you may obtain partial credit if you do and you will receive little or no credit if
you do not. Attention should be paid to significant figures.

Be sure to write all your answers to the questions on the lined pages following each question in this booklet.
Do NOT write your answers on the lavender insert.

Answer Question 1 below. The Section II score weighting for this question is 20 percent.

[H3O+ ][OCl - ]
Ka = = 3.2 ¥ 10 -8
[HOCl]

1. Hypochlorous acid, HOCl, is a weak acid in water. The Ka expression for HOCl is shown above.

(a) Write a chemical equation showing how HOCl behaves as an acid in water.

(b) Calculate the pH of a 0.175 M solution of HOCl.

(c) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between the weak acid HOCl(aq) and the strong base
NaOH(aq).

(d) In an experiment, 20.00 mL of 0.175 M HOCl(aq) is placed in a flask and titrated with 6.55 mL of
0.435 M NaOH(aq).
(i) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH(aq) added.
(ii) Calculate [H3O+] in the flask after the NaOH(aq) has been added.

(iii) Calculate [OH−] in the flask after the NaOH(aq) has been added.

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6
 AP® CHEMISTRY
2005 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 1

[H3O + ][OCl− ]
Ka = = 3.2 × 10−8
[HOCl]
Hypochlorous acid, HOCl , is a weak acid in water. The Ka expression for HOCl is shown above.
(a) Write a chemical equation showing how HOCl behaves as an acid in water.

HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) → OCl−(aq) + H3O+(aq) One point is earned for the correct chemical equation.

(b) Calculate the pH of a 0.175 M solution of HOCl.

→ OCl−(aq) + H O+(aq)
HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ← 3
I 0.175 – 0 ~0
C −x – +x +x
E 0.175 − x – +x +x

[H3O + ][OCl− ] ( x)( x) One point is earned for calculating the value of
Ka = =
[HOCl] (0.175 − x) [H3O+].
Assume that 0.175 − x ≈ 0.175
x2 One point is earned for calculating the pH.
3.2 × 10−8 =
0.175
x = (3.2 × 10−8 ) (0.175) = 5.6 × 10−9
2

x = [H3O+ ] = 7.5 × 10−5 M

pH = – log [H3O+ ] = – log (7.5 × 10−5) = 4.13

(c) Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between the weak acid HOCl(aq) and the strong base
NaOH(aq).

One point is earned for both of the correct reactants.

HOCl(aq) + OH−(aq) → OCl−(aq) + H2O(l)
One point is earned for both of the correct products.

(d) In an experiment, 20.00 mL of 0.175 M HOCl(aq) is placed in a flask and titrated with 6.55 mL of 0.435 M
NaOH(aq).
(i) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH(aq) added.

1L 0.435 mol NaOH

molNaOH = 6.55 mL × × One point is earned for the correct number of
1,000 mL 1L
moles of NaOH.
molNaOH = 2.85 × 10−3 mol NaOH

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 AP® CHEMISTRY
2005 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
Question 1 (continued)

(ii) Calculate [H3O+] in the flask after the NaOH(aq) has been added.

1L 0.175 mol NaOH

molHOCl = 20.00 mL × × = 3.50 × 10−3 mol
1,000 mL 1L One point is earned for calculating
−
OH (aq) is the limiting reactant, therefore all of it reacts the initial number of moles
of HOCl.
HOCl(aq) + OH−(aq) → OCl− (aq) + H2O(l)
I 0.00350 0.00285 0 –
C − 0.00285 – 0.00285 + 0.00285 –
E 0.00065 0 0.00285 –

0.00065 mol
MHOCl = = 0.0245 M
0.02655 L
0.00285 mol
MOCl- = = 0.107 M
0.02655 L

HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + OCl−(aq)

I 0.0245 – ~0 0.107 One point is earned for the
C –x – +x +x concentration or number of moles of
E 0.0245 – x – +x 0.107 + x HOCl and OCl− after the
neutralization reaction.

[H3O + ][OCl− ] ( x)(0.107 + x)

Ka = =
[HOCl] (0.0245 − x)
Assume that 0.107 + x ≈ 0.107 and that 0.0245 – x ≈ 0.0245
( x)(0.107)
3.2 × 10−8 =
(0.0245)
One point is earned for the
x = [H3O+ ] = 7.3 × 10−9 M
correct [H3O+ ].

(iii) Calculate [OH−] in the flask after the NaOH(aq) has been added.

[H3O+][OH−] = 1.0 × 10−14 = Kw

One point is earned for the correct concentration
−14 −14
1.0 × 10 1.0 × 10 of OH−.
[OH−] = = = 1.4 × 10−6 M
[H3O ]+
7.3 × 10−9

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 Copyright © 2005 by College Board. All rights reserved.
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 Copyright © 2005 by College Board. All rights reserved.
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 AP® CHEMISTRY
2005 SCORING COMMENTARY (Form B)

Question 1

Sample: 1A
Score: 10

This response earned all 10 points: 1 point for part (a), 2 points for part (b), 2 points for part (c), 1 point for part
(d)(i), 3 points for part (d)(ii), and 1 point for part (d)(iii).

Sample: 1B
Score: 8

Only 1 out of 3 points was earned in part (d)(ii). The point was earned for calculating the initial number of moles of
OCl. The point was earned in part (d)(iii) because the incorrect value calculated in part (d)(ii) is used correctly.

Sample: 1C
Score: 6

Neither point was earned in part (c). In part (d)(ii) the first point was earned for calculating the initial number of
moles of HOCl, and the second point was earned for calculating the final number of moles of HOCl. The third
point was not earned because the calculation for [H3O+] is incorrect. The point was not earned in part (d)(iii)
because the calculation is not done correctly.

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