Processes

Inputs
OJT Program
Hospitality Outputs
Implementation
Management Students Hospitality Management
Mentorship and
OJT Program Resources Students
Guidance
Curriculum
Academic Integration

Impact
Intermediary Factors Outcomes
Student Engagement Individual Outcomes Industry Impact
Quality of Mentorship Educational Outcomes
Academic Impact

Feedback Loop

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework: Impact of On-the-Job Training (OJT) on
Hospitality Industry

1. Inputs
 Hospitality Management Students
 Prior Knowledge and Skills
 Educational Background
 Motivation and Attitude
 OJT Program Resources
 Industry Partnerships
 Training Facilities
 Experienced Mentors
 Curriculum
 Integration of OJT into the Academic Program
 Alignment with Learning Objectives
2. Processes
 OJT Program Implementation
 Supervised Practical Work
 Exposure to Various Hospitality Sectors (e.g., hotels,
restaurants, event management)
 Application of Theoretical Knowledge
 Mentorship and Guidance
 Mentor-Student Relationships
 Skill Development
 Feedback Mechanisms
 Academic Integration
 Reflection and Learning Assessment
 Credit Evaluation
 Integration of OJT Experiences into Coursework
3. Outputs
 Hospitality Management Students
 Enhanced Practical Skills
 Industry-Specific Knowledge
 Soft Skills (e.g., communication, problem-solving)
4. Intermediary Factors
 Student Engagement
 Interest in the Hospitality Field
 Active Participation in OJT
 Quality of Mentorship
 Experience and Expertise of Mentors
 Support and Guidance Provided
5. Outcomes
 Individual Outcomes
 Improved Employability
 Confidence in Hospitality Roles
 Career Development
 Educational Outcomes
 Enhanced Learning Experience
 Alignment with Industry Needs
 Positive Student Feedback
6. Impact
 Industry Impact
 Access to a Skilled Workforce
 Improved Quality of Hospitality Services
 Academic Impact
 Strengthened Program Reputation
 Increased Enrollment
7. Feedback Loop
 Continuous Program Evaluation
 Curriculum Enhancement