AZIZ KUSTIYO

DEPARTEMEN ILMU KOMPUTER FMIPA IPB

PERANCANGAN PERCOBAAN (1)

KULIAH 6 DAN 7 METODE KUANTITATIF
INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

▪ The goal of a proper experimental design is to obtain

the maximum information with the minimum
number of experiments.
▪ This saves considerable labor that would have been
spent gathering data.
▪ A proper analysis of experiments also helps in
separating out the effects of various factors that
might affect the performance.
▪ Also, it allows determining if a factor has a
significant effect or if the observed difference is
simply due to random variations caused by
measurement errors and parameters that were not
controlled.
1. TERMINOLOGY

The problem is to design a personal

workstation, where several choices have to
be made.
▪ First, a microprocessor has to be chosen for
the CPU. The alternatives are intel core i3,
intel core i5, or intel core i7 microprocessor.
▪ Second, a memory size of 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB or
8 GB has to be chosen.
1. TERMINOLOGY

▪ RESPONSE VARIABLE
▪ FACTORS
▪ LEVELS
▪ REPLICATION
▪ DESIGN
▪ EXPERIMENTAL UNIT
▪ INTERACTION
RESPONSE VARIABLE
(Variabel respon)
▪ Response Variable: The outcome of an
experiment is called the response variable.
▪ Generally the response variable is the
measured performance of the system.
▪ For example, in the workstation design study
the response variable could be the
throughput expressed in
 tasks completed per unit time, or
 response time for tasks, or
 any other metric.
FACTORS (faktor)

▪ Factors: Each variable that affects the

response variable and has several alternatives
is called a factor.
▪ For example, there are two factors in the
workstation design study.
▪ The factors are CPU type and memory size
▪ The factors are also called predictor
variables or predictors.
LEVELS (taraf/perlakuan)
▪ Levels: The values that a factor can assume are
called its levels.
▪ In other words, each factor level constitutes one
alternative for that factor.

For example, in the workstation design study

▪ the CPU type has three levels: core i3, core i5, core i7
▪ Memory size has three levels: 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB,8 GB.

▪ An alternative term treatment is also used in

experimental design literature in place of levels.
REPLICATION

▪ Replication: Repetition of all or some

experiments is called replication.
▪ For example, if all experiments in a study are
repeated five times, the study is said to have
five replications.
DESIGN

▪ Design: An, experimental design consists of

specifying the number of experiments, the factor
level combinations for each experiment, and the
number of replications of each experiment.
▪ For example, in the workstation design study,
we could perform experiments corresponding to
all possible combinations of levels of two factors.
This would require 3 × 4, or 12, experiments. We
could repeat each experiment five times, leading
to a total of 60 observations.
▪ This is one possible experimental design.
EXPERIMENTAL UNIT (unit percobaan)
▪ Experimental Unit: Any entity that is used for the
experiment is called an experimental unit.
▪ For example, in the workstation design study, the
users hired to use the workstation while
measurements are being performed could be
considered the experimental unit.
▪ Other examples of experimental units are patients in
medical experiments or land used in agricultural
experiments.
▪ In all such cases, we are really not interested in
comparing the experimental units, although they
affect the response.
▪ Therefore, one goal of the experimental design is to
minimize the impact of variation among the
experimental units.
INTERACTION (interaksi)

▪ Interaction: Two factors A and B are said to

interact if the effect of one depends upon the
level of the other.
REFERENCE

▪ RAJ Jain. The Art of Computer System

Performance Analysis: Techniques for
Experimental Design, Measurement,
Simulation and Modelling. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc.