Assertion and Reason

Directions In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given by

corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the statements, mark the correct answer as

(a) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) If A is true, but R is false
(d) If A is false, but R is true

1. Assertion (A) DNA acts as a genetic material in all organisms.

Reason (R) It is a double-stranded biomolecule in most organisms.

2. Assertion (A) DNA has two chains having antiparallel polarity.

Reason (R) In one chain of DNA at one end has a free phosphate moiety 5end of ribose sugar and at other
end the ribose has a free 3OH group.

3.Assertion (A) Adenine cannot pair with cytosine.

Reason (R) Adenine and cytosine do not have complementarity between their respective hydrogen donor and
hydrogen acceptor sites.

4. Assertion (A) Histones are basic in nature.

Reason (R) These are rich in the amino acids lysine and arginine.

5. Assertion (A) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive.

Reason (R) It is densely packed.

6. Assertion (A) Viruses having RNA genome and shorter lifespan, mutate and evolve faster.
Reason (R) RNA is unstable and thus mutates faster.

7.Assertion (A) Replication on one strand of DNA is continuous and on another it is discontinuous.
Reason (R) The DNA polymerase works in 35direction.

8. Assertion (A) Replication and transcription occur in the nucleus, but translation takes place in the
cytoplasm.
Reason (R) mRNA is transferred from the nucleus into cytoplasm where ribosomes and amino acids are
available for protein synthesis.

9. Assertion (A) hnRNA is larger than mRNA.

Reason (R) hnRNA has non-coding introns which are not required for translation.

10.Assertion (A) Polycistronic mRNA is capable of forming a number of different polypeptide chains.
Reason (R) Polycistronic mRNA has terminator codons.

11.Assertion (A) In transcription, the strand with 35polarity acts as the template strand.
Reason (R) The enzyme RNA polymerase catalyses the polymerisation in only one direction, i.e. 53.

12. Assertion (A) In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in nucleus. AIIMS 2019

Reason (R) In bacteria, transcription and translation occur in cytoplasm.

13. Assertion (A) The genetic code is degenerate.

Reason (R) Most amino acids are coded by more than one codon.

14.Assertion (A) mRNA has some untranslated regionsthat are not translated.
Reason (R) UTRs are required for efficient translation.

15. Assertion (A) DNA fingerprinting is very well-known for its application in paternity testing in case of
disputes.
Reason (R) It employs the principle of DNA polymorphism.

1.(d) 2 (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a)

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below:
(a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) If both the assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion: DNA act as the genetic material in most of the organisms.

Reason: DNA is chemically and structurally a stable molecule; it has the power of replication.

2. Assertion: In RNA, the uracil is found at the place of thymine.

Reason: 5 – methyl uracil is the chemical name for thymine.

3. Assertion: There is uniform distance between two strands of DNA.

Reason: Purine always comes opposite to pyrimidine.

4. Assertion: Chargaff rule is applicable to RNA.

Reason: RNA is a double standard molecule.

5. Assertion: Viruses having shorter life span, mutate and evolve faster.
Reason: Viruses have generally RNA genome.

6. Assertion: RNA was the first genetic material.

Reason: Essential life processes (such as metabolism, translation, splicing, etc.) evolve around RNA.

7. Assertion: UTRs are present at both 5’ end and 3’end in mRNA.

Reason: UTRs are required for efficient translation process.

8. Assertion: DNA polymerase-I acts as proofreader.

Reason: DNA polymerase-I removes mismatched nucleotides.

9. Assertion: The genetic codes are commaless.

Reason: Genetic codes are overlapping.

10. Assertion: Cytoplasmic inheritance occurs only due to plasmagenes.

Reason: Plasmagenes are restricted to only nucleus.

11. Assertion: Enzymes required for DNA replication are efficient enzymes
Reason: They can polymerise large number of nucleotides in very short time.

12. Assertion: DNA replication occurs within a small opening of the DNA helix .
Reason: DNA can not be separated in its entire length due to very high energy requirement.

13. Assertion: A piece of DNA if propagated through recombinant DNA procedures requires a vector.
Reason: Vector provides origin of replication.

14. Assertion: A failure in cell division results into polyploidy.

Reason: Polyploidy is a chromosomal anomaly.

15. Assertion: Both the strands of DNA are not copied during process of transcription.
Reason: The two molecules of RNA complementary to each other form the double stranded RNA and this would prevent
RNA from being translated into protein.

16. Assertion: Gene in eukaryote are said to be split.

Reason: Exons (coding sequences) and introns (intervening sequences) form the gene.

177. Assertion: Lactose is inducer in Lac operon.

Reason: Glucose acts as repressor.

18. Assertion: Polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of DNA fingerprinting.

Reason: Polymorphism arises due to mutation.

19. Assertion: DNA caused the transformation.

Reason: Digestion with DNase inhibits transformation.

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a)