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Progress Check 1
Question 1: Given below is a jumbled sequence of the different parts of the human alimentary canal. Rewrite
them in correct sequence.
Question 2: Give the technical names for the following types of teeth in humans (on each side, in each jaw)
Progress Check 2
Answer:
1. Parotid glands
2. Sub-mandibular glands
3. Sublingual glands
Progress Check 3
Question 1: Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
Chapter 11 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Class 9 – CONSICE BIOLOGY - Morning Star Page 2 of 14
1. The three subdivisions of the small intestine. Answer: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
2. The three subdivisions of the large intestine. Answer: Caecum, Colon, Rectum
Progress Check 4
Progress Check 5
Question 1: Mention the constituent of food if the end result of the test shows :
Answer:
Question 2: Mention two reflexes which occur when a person chews and swallows food.
Answer: The two reflexes which occur when a person chews and swallows food are-
Question 3: Consider the following two statements A & B and select the statements from (i) – (iv) that
hold true.
Options:
Answer
Reason — Small intestine is longer than the large intestine. It is about 7 meters longer while large
intestine is about 1.5 meters long. Large intestine is wider than the small intestine.
Chapter 11 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Class 9 – CONSICE BIOLOGY - Morning Star Page 4 of 14
Column A Column B
Erepsin Protein
Steapsin Starch
Pepsin Casein
Answer
Column A Column B
Ptyalin Starch
Rennin Casein
Pepsin Protein
Answer
Question 6: Choose the odd one out and write the category of the remaining terms :
Answer
1. Steapsin is odd one out. Remaining terms (Pepsin, Trypsin and Erepsin) are protein digesting
enzymes.
2. Peptidase is odd one out. Lactase, Invertase and Maltase are sugar digesting enzymes.
3. Starch is odd one out. Glucose, Fructose and Galactose are simple sugar.
4. Colon is odd one out. Ileum, Duodenum and Jejunum are parts of small intestine.
5. Palate is odd one out. Crown, Root and Neck are parts of teeth.
Question 1
Answer
(a) Digestion — Digestion is any change which makes the food soluble and of such chemical nature
that it can be absorbed readily through living membranes.
(b) Enzymes — An enzyme is a protein that acts on a specific substance to form a specific end
product. It best acts at a particular temperature and pH.
(c) Peristalsis — It is defined as the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the
alimentary canal which pushes the food along the gut.
(e) Defaecation — The expulsion of undigested remains of food from the alimentary canal is called
defaecation.
(f) Assimilation — It is the conversion of the absorbed digested food into body material.
Question 2: What are the end-products of the digestion of: starch, proteins and fats respectively?
Starch — Maltose
Proteins — Small peptides and amino acids
Fats — Glycerol and fatty acids
(a) Liver (b) Sub-mandibular gland (c) Pylorus (d) Pancreas (e) Caecum
Chapter 11 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Class 9 – CONSICE BIOLOGY - Morning Star Page 6 of 14
Answer
(a) located in upper right side of abdomen just below the diaphragm.
(a) Rectum
(c) Epiglottis
(e) Tongue
Answer
(a) Rectum temporarily stores undigested food and wastes, to be defaecated through the anus.
(b) Gastric juice plays two key roles (i) it kills any germs which may have entered along with the food (ii)
it activates pepsinogen to act on proteins.
(d) Most of the digestion and absorption of nutrition occur in small intestine.
(e) Tongue helps in mixing of food in buccal cavity and pushes it through pharynx.
(d) Bile juice does not contain any enzyme but is still important in digestion.
(e) The inner layer of small intestine has a large number of finger-like projections called villi.
Answer
(a) Animals are heterotrophs. They obtain their nutrients by consuming organic matter, such as other
organisms or plant material. Hence, they need a digestive system to break down complex molecules,
Chapter 11 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Class 9 – CONSICE BIOLOGY - Morning Star Page 7 of 14
such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, into smaller, absorbable forms. In contrast, plants are
autotrophs, capable of synthesizing their own food through photosynthesis. Hence, they don't require
a digestive system.
(b) Vitamins do not need digestion. They are absorbed directly through the intestine wall.
(c) Chewing of food breaks the food into small particles which helps in easy digestion.
(d) Bile contains a lot of sodium bicarbonate which neutralises the acid content of the food received
from the stomach and makes it alkaline so that pancreatic and intestinal enzymes can act on it.
(e) The villi enormously increase the inner surface area of the intestines which facilitates the
absorption of digested food.
Answer: Roughage is the undigestible portion of the diet. It is a dietary fibre that majorly contains
cellulose. Examples – Green leafy vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts.
Question 7: Mention two ways in which the ileum of a mammal is adapted for the absorption of
digested food.
Answer: The two ways in which the ileum of mammals is adapted for the absorption of digested food
are:
Question 8: The stomach secretes gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid. What is its
function?
1. It kills any germs which may have entered along with the food.
2. It activates pepsin to act on proteins. Pepsin digests proteins into peptides.
Question 2: Why is the small intestine the most important organ of the digestive system?
Answer: The small intestine serves two important functions of digestion and absorption. In the
duodenum, it receives two digestive juices:
1. The bile
2. The pancreatic juice
Both the juices virtually complete the process of digestion of proteins, starch, carbohydrates etc. Once
the food is broken down, the small intestine is responsible to absorb simple particles such as amino
acids, glucose etc.
Answer: The liver is the largest gland of the body and it performs the following functions:
Question 4: List the enzymes and their action on food in the stomach and intestine.
Answer: The table below shows the different regions, enzymes and the action of the enzymes on the
food -
Name of the
Part of the body Action on food
enzyme
Name of the
Part of the body Action on food
enzyme
Question 5: You have been supplied with a sample of food. How will you perform tests for the
presence of starch and proteins in it?
1. Add some starch powder to a test tube containing water, shake well. Boil well to make a
solution.
2. Add some drops of iodine solutions when the solution cools down.
3. Iodine solution can be prepared by dissolving 1g iodine with 1g potassium iodide in 100ml of
distilled water, dilute this solution before using.
4. The solution in the test tube would turn blur-black indicating the presence of starch.
Question 1: Draw a labelled diagram to show the internal structure of a mammalian tooth with two
roots.
Answer: Below labelled diagram shows the internal structure of a mammalian tooth with two roots :
1 Pepsin 2 3
Mouth 4 5 Disaccharide
6 7 Maltose 8
Answer: 1 – Stomach 2 – Proteins 3 – Polypeptides 4 – Amylase 5 – Starch 6 – Ileum
7 – Maltase 8 – Glucose
Question 3: Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
(b) Identify the tooth and give a reason to support your answer.
(d) Give the total number of the type of tooth mentioned in '1' above, in the mouth of an adult and
state its function.
1 → Enamel
2 → Dentine
3 → Pulp
4 → Gum
5 → Crown
6 → Cement
(b) The type of teeth shown in the given figure has only one root. Hence it is a canine or incisor that
is used to bite or pierce.
(c) The part labelled '3'(Pulp) is a soft connective tissue present in the pulp cavity of the tooth. It
consists of blood capillaries, lymph vessels and nerve fibres. From the crown of the tooth, the pulp
opens through the pulp cavity at the base of the root.
(d) The type of teeth mentioned in the figure and its function are as follows:
Question 4: Study the following dental formula and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) What is the total number of teeth in the (i) upper jaw and (ii) lower jaw?
Answer
(a) The total number of teeth in the upper jaw are 8 and lower jaw are 12.
(b) The total number of teeth present in the given dentition are 20 teeth.
Question 5
The figures (A, B, C and D) shown below represent different kinds of teeth in humans. Study the
figures and answer the following questions:
(c) Mention the number of teeth of each kind in one jaw with their specific position.
Answer:
(a)
A → Incisor
B → Canine
C → Premolar
D → Molar
(b)
(c)
Question 6: Draw a neat diagram of the "Microscopic Structure of an intestinal villus" and label the
parts given below :
Chapter 11 – DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Class 9 – CONSICE BIOLOGY - Morning Star Page 13 of 14
1. Epithelium
2. Capillaries
3. Lacteals
(a) What is the advantage of having a large number of villi on the inner surface of small intestine ?
(c) Name the juice secreted from the glandular cells of small intestine.
1. Salivary gland
2. Stomach
3. Liver
4. Pancreas
Answer : Below is the labelled diagram of the "Microscopic Structure of an intestinal villus":
(a) A large number of villi enormously increase the inner surface area of the small intestine which
facilitates the absorption of digested food.
(b) The fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteals to enter the lymphatic system which
forms a network all over the body to ultimately empty its contents into the blood stream.
(d)
Question 7: Write the correct word for the items (i) to (viii).
(i) A predator: