II ASSESSMENT 2018-19

ANSWER KEY
CLASS VI BIOLOGY
HUMAN BODY
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION PAGE NO.59
A. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1. Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?
ANS: D. Caecum
2. Wisdom teeth consist of
ANS: C. 2 Molars in each jaw.
3. Salivary amylase acts on starchy food materials and changes it to
ANS: c. maltose
4. Which of the following conversion takes place in the human stomach?
ANS: a. i only
5. Emulsification of fat occurs in
ANS: b. small intestine
6. The jaw becomes loose and the teeth fall out in
ANS: Periodontitis
7. The teeth that appears only once in the life time of a person are
ANS: d. molars
8. Which of the following animals has homodont teeth?
ANS: d. Frog
9. Which of the following respires anaerobically?
ANS: a. Yeast
10. Which of these are made of cartilaginous rings?
ANS: a. Trachea, bronchi

B. Name the following:

1. The hardest substance of the body --- Enamel
2. The grinding teeth ----- Premolars
3. The enzyme present in the stomach ----- Salivary amylase or ptyalin
4. The acid present in the stomach ---- Hydrochloric acid
5. The last part of the alimentary canal ----- anus
6. The number of deciduous teeth in humans ---- 20
7. The constriction between crown and root --- neck
8. The sticky substance that forms on the tooth --- plaque
9. The first part of the small intestine --- duodenum
10. A vestigial organ of the body --- appendix
11. The end product of fat digestion --- fatty acids
12. The largest gland in the body --- liver
13. The stage of respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm ---- Glycolysis
14. The membrane covering the lungs ---- Pleural membrane
15. The muscular partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavity ----
Diaphragm
 C. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) . If false, correct
them by changing only one word:
1. F. LIVER
2. F. AMINOACID
3. T
4. T
5. T
6. F. CHYME
7. T
8. F. TONGUE
9. F. ENAMEL
10. F. STARCH
11. T
12. 3-4%
13. T

SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION
D. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Human beings show heterodont dentition, they have four types of teeth. These are incisors,
canines, premolars and molars.
The functions are:
i. Incisors: These are used for cutting and biting the food.
ii. Canines: They are used for tearing the flesh
iii. Premolars: They are used for grinding the food.
iv. Molars: These are used for grinding the food.

2. i. Enzymes are biocatalyst.

ii. They are protein in nature.
iii. It acts best at the body temperature of humans.

3. The teeth help to chew the food into small particles and the mix it with saliva.

4. Major functions of saliva

 Saliva makes the food soft, so that it can be swallowed easily.
 It helps to change the food into a ball like mass called bolus
 Salivary amylase or ptyalin acts on any starchy food and changes it into maltose.

5. The gastric juice contains Hydrochloric acid, mucus and digestive enzymes.

6. Small intestine has three main parts ----- duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
Large intestine also has three parts ---- caecum, colon and rectum

7. Villi are the finger like projections on the inner walls of small intestine. These villi increase the
surface area of the inner wall for absorption of digested food.
8. ENZYME SUBSTRATE PRODUCT(S)
i. Trypsin proteins, peptides Peptides, Amino acids
ii. Lipase fats fatty acids, glycerol
 iii. Maltase maltose glucose
iv. Pancreatic amylase starch maltose

9. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles for future use.
When the glucose level in the blood falls, the glycogen can be reconverted into glucose and sent
to the blood.

10. After most of the water is absorbed from the undigested matter, it is changed into semi- solid
faecal matter that is temporarily stored in the rectum and finally removed out of it through the
anus.

11. Liver secretes bile which is temporarily stored in the gall bladder. From the gall bladder it flows
through the bile duct to the duodenum.
Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing several enzymes that help in digestion.

12. Gastric juice is secreted by the gastric glands situated in the walls of the stomach. The juice
contains hydrochloric acid, mucus, and digestive enzymes.
Mucus protects the lining of the stomach from the action of the acid and enzymes.
Hydrochloric acid kills any bacteria that may have entered with the food and makes the food
acidic for the action of enzymes. It also activates the enzyme, pepsin, for protein digestion.
Pepsin acts on protein and changes it to peptides.

13. Diagram : fig. 3.23, Pg no. 57

Aim: To demonstrate the role of diaphragm in breathing
Materials required:
 The rubber sheet representing the diaphragm
 Balloons representing the lungs
 Bell jar representing the thoracic cavity
 Y – shaped tube representing the trachea and bronchi
Method: Take a bell jar and fix a one-holed cork into its mouth. Insert the long arm of a Y-shaped
glass tube into the hole, through the other end of the bell jar. Attach two deflated balloons at the
smaller free ends of this tube.
Stretch a rubber sheet and tie it at the open end of the bell jar. Now, pull the rubber sheet
downwards.
Observation: It is observed that the balloons are inflated representing inhalation. When the sheet
is released, the balloons are deflated, representing exhalation.

14. Equation for anaerobic respiration is:

Glucose Ethyl alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
[In absence of Oxygen]
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + Energy (2ATP)

15. Comparison of Inspired Air and Expired Air:

 COMPONENT INSPIRED AIR EXPIRED AIR
1. Oxygen 21% 16%
2. Carbon dioxide 0.03 – 0.04% 3–4%
3. Amount of water Less More
vapour
4. Temperature Variable temperature Warm

E. Define the following terms:

1. Mastication: It is the process by which food is crushed and grounded by teeth.

2. Egestion: Egestion is the discharge or expulsion of undigested material from the

digestive tract via the anus.

3. Emulsification: Emulsification is the process of breaking down of the large fat

globules into small emulsion by the bile juice.

4. Gingivitis: It is the earliest stage of gum disease in which an inflammation is caused

by plaque and bleeding may occur during brushing and flossing.

5. Enzymes: Enzymes are biocatalysts that act on particular type of substance and
always produce the same end products.

6. Digestion: It is the process of breaking down complex food into a soluble form, so
that it can be easily absorbed into the body.

7. Assimilation: It is the process of utilization of the absorbed food for energy by the
body cells and conversion into body materials.

8. Tooth decay: Tooth decay is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria that
live in plaque.

9. Anaerobic respiration: The incomplete breakdown of glucose into ethyl alcohol and
carbon dioxide, in the absence of oxygen, is called anaerobic respiration.

10. Oxygen debt: The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize
lactic acid and replenish depleted ATP and phosphocreatine following vigorous
exercise.
F. Differentiate between the following pairs:
1. Homodont and heterodont dentition

HOMODONT DENTITION HETERODONT DENTITION

These consist of only one type of teeth which These consist of more than one type of teeth
are almost of the same shape, size and which are usually different in shape, size and
function. function.
Reptiles, fish and frogs have homodont teeth. Mammals have heterodont teeth.

2. Ingestion and digestion

INGESTION DIGESTION
 1. It is the process of taking in the food into the
body.
2. It takes place in mouth.
3. It occurs first.
3. Incisors and canines
INCISORS
1. These are the four front teeth in the centre of
each jaw.
2. Their cutting edges are broad and chisel
shaped.
3. They are used for cutting and biting the food.
4. Milk teeth and permanent teeth
MILK TEETH
1. These are first set of teeth that grow during
infancy.
2. They fall off at the age of 6- 8 years.
3. There are 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4
premolars in each jaw.
5. Trypsin and steapsin
TRYPSIN
It acts on proteins and peptides and changes
them into peptides and amino acids.
6. Pharynx and larynx
PHARYNX
1. It is a membrane- lined cavity behind the
mouth and the nose, connecting them to the
oesophagus and the larynx respectively.
2. It is a part of respiratory system and
digestive system.
3. The walls of the pharynx are e
7. Breathing and respiration Pg. no. 52/53
8. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration Pg.No. 54
9. Respiration and combustion Pg. no. 53
10. Bronchi and bronchioles
1. It is a process of breaking down food into
simple form that can be absorbed and used as
nutrients or eliminated by the body.
2. It takes place in mouth, stomach and
intestine.
3. It follows ingestion.
CANINES
1. These are one on either side of the incisors in
each jaw.
2. Their cutting edges are mostly pointed.
3. They are used for tearing the flesh.
PERMANENT TEETH
1. Milk teeth are replaced by a set of teeth
called permanent teeth.
2. They are never replaced.
3. There are 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars
and 4 molars.
STEAPSIN
It acts on emulsified fat and changes it into
fatty acid and glycerol.
LARYNX
1. It is a hollow muscular organ, which forms
an air passage to the lungs and hosts the vocal
cord.
2. It is a part of respiratory system.
  Bronchi are the longer tubes that extend from the trachea, whereas bronchioles are the
smaller tubes or passageways that are formed when bronchi are divided multiple times.
 Bronchi possess large diameter than bronchioles.
 Bronchi transport air to bronchioles, whereas bronchioles flow air into alveoli.
 Bronchi are mainly formed of the cartilaginous layer, whereas bronchioles consist up of
smooth muscles and elastic tissues lined with epithelium.
G. Give reasons for the following:
1. The salivary amylase of the saliva changed the starch present in boiled rice to maltose, thus it
tasted sweet.
2. Movement of food is slow and hence the absorption is better in small intestine as it is long and
narrow.
3. So as to avoid dental problems.
4. The stomach is muscular organ because it needs to carry all the food that enters in and contraction
of the muscles helps to mix the food with the gastric juice.
5. Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy,
growth, and cell repair. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients
before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the body.
6. Cramps may occur due to anaerobic respiration of muscles.
7. Hairs are present in the nostrils to prevent foreign particles from entering.
8. The alveoli have a very large total surface area and a very good blood supply. There is an
exchange of gases between the alveoli and their surrounding capillary blood vessels. Oxygen
diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the
alveoli.
H. Draw neat labeled diagrams of the following:
1. Internal part of tooth.Fig.3.8, page no. 45

Function of each part:

a. Crown : The crown of a tooth is that part of the tooth which is covered with enamel and this is
the part usually visible in the mouth.
b. root: The root is the part embedded in the jaw. It
anchors the tooth in its bony socket and is normally not visible.
c. Neck: it is the constriction between the crown and the root.
d. Enamel: The hard outer layer of the crown. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.
e. Dentine: Not as hard as enamel, forms the bulk of the tooth and can be sensitive if the
protection of the enamel is lost.
f. Pulp: soft tissue containing the blood and nerve supply to the tooth. The pulp extends from the
crown to the tip of the root.
g. Cementum: The layer of bone-like tissue covering the root. It is not as hard as enamel.

2. Tongue showing the different taste buds: Fig. 3.13, Page no. 47

3. Intestinal villi: Fig. 3.17, page no.50

4. Human digestive system: Fig.3.5, page no. 43

5. Respiratory system of human: Fig. 3.20, page no. 55

 PART 3
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION
A. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
1. c Monocytes
2. d. O
3. b. LUBB
4. a. connective
5. d. pulmonary artery
6. c. diabetes
7. c. insects
8. a. faster
9. c. leukocytes
10. c. 120 mg

B. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Radial
2. Sphygmomanometer
3. Pericardium
4. Cardiac
5. Haeme, globin
6. Police
7. globular
8. 120
C. Name the following:
1. Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin and the gamma globulin.
2. Bone marrow
3. Amoeboid
4. Rhesus monkey
5. HIV
6. Capillaries
7. Fish
8. Stethoscope
9. 0.85s
D. Match the following:
1. F
2. I
3. G
4. J
5. H
6. E
7. C
8. A
 9. B
10. D
E. State whether true or false
1. F. monocytes
2. F. hardest
3. F. leukocytes
4. T
5. F. aorta
6. Narrow
7. T
8. Atrial systoles
9. Relaxation
10. haemoglobin
F. Answer the following questions:
1. Valves are the structures that allow blood to flow in one direction only. There are four important valves
in the heart.
a. TRICUSPID VALVE: It is present in between the right auricle and right ventricle.
b. BICUSPID VALVE: It is present in between the left auricle and left ventricle.
c. PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE: It is present at the base of the pulmonary artery.
d. AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE: It is present at the base of the aorta.
2. Functions of red blood cells
a. The red blood cells help in the transport of respiratory gases, i.e., oxygen and carbon dioxide. The
transport takes place when the haemoglobin of RBCs combine with these gases to form unstable
compounds.
b. The two bile pigments bilirubin and biliverdin are also formed from the haemoglobin of the desd
and worn out RBCs.
3. First start walking slowly and then increase the pace to jogging. Gradually start to run. This will help
to raise the heart rate and we will breathe harder. If anyone has a problem with running then he can try
swimming.
After jogging, we should stretch our body a bit. This will help the body to become more flexible and
blood circulation to the muscles will increase.
4. Sterilised disposable needles, cotton wool, spirit (for cleaning0, plastic vials with caps for storing and
tubes are needed for blood collection and storing. An anticoagulant is added to the vials to prevent the
clotting of blood. In cases where large amount of blood is needed, it is usually taken from the vein in the
arm. But in the case where few drops are needed, it is taken by puncturing the finger-tip.
5. Relation between artery, vein and capillary

Vein Heart Artery

 Venule Capillary Arteriole

6. The heart of fish is two chambered – one auricle and one ventricle. It carries and pumps out only
impure or deoxygenated blood. So, it is called venous heart.
7. The two heart sounds are LUBB and DUB.
LUBB is produced at the beginning of ventricular systole when the cuspid valves (i.e., tricuspid and
bicuspid) close with a sound. This is the first heart sound called LUBB.
At the beginning of ventricular diastole, the semilunar valves close sharply and the second heart sound is
heard called DUB.
8. Experiment 12 page no. 73

G. Differentiate between
1. ESR is the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate used to detect Tuberculosis, rheumatoid fever,
whereas, ELISA is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used to detect viral fever, dengue,
HIV etc.
2. LUBB is produced at the beginning of ventricular systole when the cuspid valves (i.e., tricuspid
and bicuspid) close with a sound. This is the first heart sound.
DUB is produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole where the semilunar valves close
sharply. This is the second sound of the heart.
3. Pulmonary circulation carries blood from right ventricle of heart to the lungs and then back to
left auricle of the heart, whereas, systemic circulation carries blood from the left ventricle to all
parts of the body and then from every organ back to the right auricle of the heart.
4. Auricles and ventricles

Auricles
1. These are the receiving chambers of blood.
2. Their walls are thin and smooth.
3. The right auricle receives deoxygenated
blood from the whole body through inferior
vena cava and superior vena cava.
4. The left auricle receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs through
Ventricles
1. These are the distributing chambers of the
heart.
2. Their walls are thick and rough.
3. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated
blood received from the right auricle, to the
lungs through pulmonary artery.
4. The left ventricle distributes oxygenated
blood received from the left auricle to each and
every organ of the body through the aorta and
its branches.

5. In open circulatory system, blood and intestinal fluid pumped by the heart flows partly through the
blood vessels and partly through the body cavity.
Example: It is mostly found in invertebrates like cockroach, grasshopper, snail, prawn, etc.
In closed circulatory system, blood pumped by the heart always remains within the blood vessels and
never into the body cavity.
Example: It is found mostly in vertebrates like frogs, birds, humans, etc.
H. Define the following terms:
1. Antigen: The substances present on the surface of the red blood cells are called antigen.
2. Open circulatory system: It is a circulatory system in which blood and intestinal fluid pumped by the
heart flows partly through the blood vessels and partly through the body cavity.
3. Blood pressure: It is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries.
4. Systole: The contraction phase of heartbeat is called systole.
5. Pulmonary circulation: Pulmonary circulation carries blood from right ventricle of heart to the lungs
and then back to left auricle of the heart.
I.Diagrams
a. Fig. 3.34, pg no. 71
b. Fig. 3.27, pg no. 65