SARRAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sarrat, Ilocos Norte

Biopesticidal Activity of (Allium sativum) Garlic Bulb Extract Against

(Monomorium minimum) Black ants

Venice Laureign Agarpao

Mariel Calantoc
Nezelyn Respicio
Researchers

Mary Ann Melchor

Research Adviser

SY 2023-2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….. i
Tableof Contents…………………………………………………………………….. ii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study………………………………………………………………
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………….
Scope and Delimitations………………………………………………………………...
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design…………………………………………………………………
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment of Data…………………………………………………….
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Today, the plants we eat and the plants we use to decorate have harmful

chemicals that we are not aware of pesticides contain dangerous chemicals that will

harm our body. The taste and the smell of garlic are hated by pests. Mashing or

juicing the garlic and getting the extract could drive away the pests away from the

plant specimen. It will not only make easier for the farmers to obtain such substance

but it would also save their money. It would be healthier and safer for the eaters of the

harvest.

Allium sativum, also known as the bawang or garlic, is a species in the onion

genus. Its close relatives include the onion shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. It

is helpful aside from giving us food, it is also helps us to minimize the amount of pest

that destroys the plants or the harvest. They even degrade the quality of vegetable that

can cause loss to farmers. Garlic (Allium sativum) makes an excellent economical,

non-toxic pesticide for the garden. It has natural fungicidal and pesticidal properties

that work effectively to control pests. For maximum efficacy in pest control, avoid

using any chemical fertilizers. Fertilizers diminished the capacity of vital ingredients

in garlic to fight pests. Aphids, ants, termites, white flies, beetles, borers, caterpillars,

slugs, and army worms are some of the pests that can be suitably controlled using

garlic. Garlic is anti feedant, bacteria, and fungicidal, nematocidal and repellent

properties. Garlic is reportedly effective against a wide range of disease-causing

pathogens and insect at the different stages in their life cycle. This is not a non-
 selective it is a broad-spectrum effect and can kill beneficial pests as well. Pests,

especially black ants (Monomorium minimum), give serious problems not only to

farmers but also to the ordinary people including the researchers. On the other hand,

the garlic are present in every environment as ornamental plants. Learning about all of

these, the researchers decided to make a bio pesticide out of the Garlic (Allium

sativum).

A. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to utilize Garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract as a bio

pesticide. Specifically, this research further sought to answer the following questions;

1. Are there significant differences between the Garlic Bulb extract and commercial

pesticides in terms of;

a. Effectiveness; and

b. Time of death of the black ants.

2. Can the Garlic (Allium sativum) be used as bio pesticide against black ants

(Monomorium minimum)?

B. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of utilizing Garlic (Allium sativum) extract for biopesticidal

activity against black ants (Monomorium minimum) encompass exploring its potential

as a natural insecticide, assessing its efficacy in ant control, investigating the

 biochemical mechanisms involved in ant repellency, and evaluating the environmental

impact of garlic-based biopesticides as a sustainable pest management strategy.

C. HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis (H0):

There is no significant difference in ant mortality between the control group (untreated

ants) and the groups treated with varying concentrations of Garlic (Allium sativum) bulb

extract against black ants (Monomorium minimum).

Alternative Hypothesis (H1):

There is a significant difference in ant mortality between the control group (untreated

ants) and at least one of the groups treated with varying concentrations of Garlic) (Allium

sativum) bulb extract against black ants (Monomorium minimum). Specifically, we expect

higher ant mortality in the treated groups, indicating the biopesticidal efficacy of Garlic

extract.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study of the biopesticidal activity of garlic bulb extract against black ants is

significant for several reasons. Firstly, it explores natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides,

promoting environmentally friendly pest control methods. Secondly, understanding the

efficacy of garlic extract can contribute to the development of sustainable pest management

strategies. Additionally, it may shed light on the potential application of garlic-based

solutions in agriculture, reducing reliance on chemical interventions. Overall, the research

holds promise for eco-friendly pest control and agricultural practices.

D. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The research focuses on testing if garlic bulb extract can control black ants

(Monomorium minimum) as a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. It

specifically looks at how effective garlic extract is in pest control. However, there are

some things to consider. This includes checking if the extract works only on the

chosen ant species, how environmental factors affect its effectiveness, how long it

works, and finding the right amount to use. The study also needs to see if there are

any unintended effects on other organisms and figure out how to apply the findings in

real situations. The goal is to understand how well garlic bulb extract works against

black ants without using complex terms.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

F.1 Description of Garlic

Garlic is one of the components, which have effects on reducing the risk of cancer.

Including garlic in the diet helps for the betterment of the health. Medicinal effects of garlic
were known since 5000 years. Recently, studies were carried out to known its effect on the

cancer cell lines. Many studies have shown its effect not only on carcinomas, but also on the

cardiovascular system and immune system. Function of each component of the garlic were

studied to know exactly, which component has got beneficial effect. So this review has been

carried out to know about the component, functions of each component, mode of action and

beneficial effects of the garlic. In ancient medieval times, garlic was prized for its medicinal

properties and was carried as a charm against vampires and other evils. The plant is used in

traditional and folk medicine in many places, and there is some evidence that it may help

prevent heart disease. Garlic contains about 0.1 percent essential oil, the principal

components of which are diallyldisulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and allyl propyl disulfide. Garlic

plants grow about 60 cm (2 feet) tall. Defending on the variety, the long leaves typically arise

from a short hard stem above the bulb or emerge from a softer pseudostem made up of

overlapping leaf sheaths. The bulb is covered with membranous skin and encloses up to 20

edible bulblets called cloves. The spherical flower cluster is initially enclosed in a pair of

papery tapered bracts; the bracts split open when the green- white pinkish flowers bloom.

Flower stalks sometimes arise bearing tiny bulbils (tiny secondary bulbs that form in place of

flowers) and sterile blossoms. Garlic is usually grow as an annual crop and is propagated by

planting cloves or top bulbils, though seeds can be also be used.

F.2 Bio pesticide

Bio pesticides, a contraction of biological pesticides include several types of pest

management intervention: through predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships. The term

has been associated historically with biological control and by implication the manipulation

of living organisms. Generally, bio pesticides are made of living things, come from living

things, or they are found in nature. They tend to pose fewer risks that conventional chemicals.

Very small quantities can be effective and they tend to break down more quickly, which
means less pollution. Some bio pesticides are targeted in their activity, often working on a

small number of species. However, users need more knowledge to use bio pesticides

effectively.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

An experimental method research was conducted to assess the biopesticidal activity of

garlic (Allium sativum) against black ants (Monomorium minimum). The study made use of

three (3) trials for each of the garlic bulb extract and the commercial pesticide. In each trial,

twenty (20) black ants will utilize. Therefore, a total of one hundred (120) black ants will be

used in this study.

TABLE L LAYOUT OF RESEARCH DESIGN

GARLIC BULBS EXTRACT COMMERCIAL PRODUCT

Trial 1- GBE (20 black ants) Trial 1- CP (20 black ants)

Trial 2- GBE (20 black ants) Trial 2- CP (20 black ants)

Trial 3- GBE (20 black ants) Trial 3- CP (20 black ants)

The three trials at GBE has having also a different amount of garlic, water, and dishwashing

liquid.
 Trials Amount of Garlic Amount of Water Amount of

Dishwashing Liquid

Trial 1 1- 1/4 tsp 15 ml 1/3 cup

Trial 2 2- 1/4 tsp 1/3 cup 1/2 cup

Trial 3 3- 1/4 tsp 1/2 cup 15 ml

B.1 PREPARATION OF THE MATERIALS

All the materials needed in the study were gathered by the researchers. The source of

the garlic bulbs will be gathered at the nearest store at the researcher's resident in Brgy #24

San Roque, Sarrat, locos Norte. A total of one hundred twenty (120) black ants will be

carefully collected from the ornamental at Brgy. #23 San Andres, Sarrat, locos Norte. The

commercial product for pests and black ants were brought from the nearest market in the

town of Sarrat. And the other materials like strainer, spray botties, knife, and dishwashing

liquid soap, chopping board, distilled water and stopwatch were brought by the researchers.

B.2 PREPARATION OF THE GARLIC BULB EXTRACT

After the preparation of all the materials in this study, the researcher's prepared the

garlic bulb extract. Remove the skin of the garlic bulb. Then garlic bulb was cut into a small

dice until it only become small pieces. Then afterwards put it in the container then add some

dishwashing liquid soap and distilled water then stir it. After 6 hours strain the garlic bulb

then it was place on the spray bottle. Then shake well before using.

B.3 APPLICATION OF TREATMENTS

 The researcher's carefully collected one hundred twenty (120) black ants in the

backyard. Then, the black ants will separate in six (6) containers with twenty (20) black ants

each. After which, the researchers will spray the bawang or garlic extract on three (3)

containers. In the first trial, spray it (6) times. In the second trial spray it (7) times and in the

third trial spray it (8) times each. Then, the remaining containers will spray with the

commercial insecticides also for eight (6,7,and 8) times. After every trial, the numbers of

black ants killed will be counted and the time of death of the black ants will be recorded

using a stopwatch.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

PERCENTAGE- this used to determine the effectiveness of the garlic bulb extract and the

commercial pesticide. The number of black ants that kills divided into twenty (20), the total

number of black ants in each of the trials and multiplied by 100%.

MEAN- this use to identify the significant difference between the garlic bulb extract and the

commercial pesticide in terms of effectiveness and time of death of the black ants. The means

which are computed by getting the sum of the number of black killed in all the trials and

dividing this sum by three (3) which is the number of trials. For the time of death in all trials

and also dividing the sum by three (3) which is the number of trials.

T-test- in doing this, the statistical package on social science (SPSS) software use T- test to

compare the two (2) treatments the commercial pesticide, by determining significant

difference between the two (2) in terms of effectiveness and the time of death of the black

ants.