Copernican Model- the proponent was Nicolaus Copernicus, he proposed a SUN centered solar system.

The heliocentric model.

Tychonian Model – according to Tycho Brahe, SUN and MOON revolves around the EARTH
Ptolemic Model- developed by Ptolemy, that the planets orbits on small circles, around large circles.

Is the Earth flat or round? Earth is an oblate spheroid and is the 3rd planet from the sun.

In Ancient Astronomy, structures were used for astronomical observations.

A lunar eclipse occur when the moon casts its shadow on Earth.
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between Earth and sun.
New Moon is a phase when people on Earth cannot see the moon.

There are two forms of motion according to Aristotle, violent and natural motion. He was the first Greek
philosopher to compute the circumference of Earth.

While Galileo concept of motion includes, vertical, horizontal and projectile motion. He also proved that
heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects. He proved this through his experiment of dropping a
cannon ball in the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Newtons three Laws of Motion are: Law of Inertia, Law of Acceleration and Law of Action and
Interaction.

LIGHT can behave both as a wave and a particle.

Rene Descartes – viewed the nature of light as composed of wave.
Isaac Newton – viewed nature of light as composed of particle.
Max Planck proposed the Quantum Theory of Light

Light phenomenon includes Reflection, Refraction, Dispersion, Transmission, Scattering and Absorption.
Water is a medium for different light phenomena to occur.
Tyndall Effect is the scattering of light by colloidal particles
Light waves pass through droplets to water which disperse light into the colors or rainbow.
Rainbow are seen when light passes through a prism, which is an example of dispersion.