GROUP 4

TEXT STRUCTURE
Text structures refer to the way authors
organize information in text. Recognizing the
underlying structure of texts can help students
focus attention on key concepts and
relationships, anticipate what is to come, and
monitor their comprehension as they read.
WHY ARE TEXT STRUCTURES IMPORTANT
FOR READERS?
- WHEN READERS KNOW WHAT KIND OF TO EXPECT, IT HELPS
THEM CONNECT TO AND REMEMBER WHAT THEY READ BETTER.
- IT GIVES READERS CLUE AS TO WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO THE
TEXT
- IT HELPS READERS SUMMARIZE THE TEXT
 EXAMPLE OF NON-FICTION TEXT
STRUCTURE

01 02 03 04 05

PROBLEM/ CAUSE AND COMPARE/ DESCRIPTION/ TIME

SOLUTION EFFECT CONTRAST LIST ORDERED/
SEQUENCE
01. PROBLEM/SOLUTION
PRESENTING A PROBLEM OR PAIN POINT FACED BY
INDIVIDUALS AND THEN OFFERING A SOLUTION TO ADDRESS
THAT PROBLEM. FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE CASE OF AN
ADVERTISEMENT FOR TYLENOL, THE PROBLEM PRESENTED
IS PAIN, AND THE SOLUTION OFFERED IS TYLENOL, A PAIN-
RELIEF MEDICATION.
 02. CAUSE AND EFFECT
CAUSE AND EFFECT WRITING EXPLORES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
EVENTS, WHERE ONE EVENT (THE CAUSE) LEADS TO ANOTHER EVENT
(THE EFFECT). IT DELVES INTO HOW ACTIONS, OCCURRENCES, OR
PHENOMENA BRING ABOUT SPECIFIC OUTCOMES OR CONSEQUENCES. THIS
TYPE OF WRITING HELPS READERS UNDERSTAND THE CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN DIFFERENT EVENTS AND HOW ONE EVENT INFLUENCES OR
LEADS TO ANOTHER.
 03. COMPARE/CONTAST
COMPARE:
THE PROCESS OF EXAMINING
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS,
ENTITIES, OR IDEAS TO HIGHLIGHT
THEIR COMMONALITIES AND
DIFFERENCES, AIMING TO DEEPEN
UNDERSTANDING AND FACILITATE
ANALYSIS.
CONTRAST:
THE ACT OF HIGHLIGHTING
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO OR
MORE SUBJECTS, ENTITIES, OR
IDEAS TO ELUCIDATE THEIR
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS,
ALLOWING FOR CLEARER
COMPREHENSION AND
COMPARISON.
EXAMPLE :
 4.DESCRIPTION/LIST
DESCRIPTION IS ANY TYPE OF COMMUNICATION THAT
AIMS TO MAKE A VIVID PLACE, OBJECT, PERSON, GROUP,
OR OTHER PHYSICAL ENTITY. DESCRIPTION IS ONE OF
FOUR RHETORICAL MODES, ALONG WITH EXPOSITION,
ARGUMENTATION, AND NARRATION
5.TIME ORDERED/SEQUENCE

TIME ORDER AND SEQUENCE IN NON-

FICTION TEXTS INVOLVE PRESENTING
INFORMATION IN A CHRONOLOGICAL OR
STEP-BY-STEP MANNER.