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Crystallization is a technique used for the purification of substances. A separation technique to separate
solids from a solution.
Crystallization can be defined as the process through which the atoms/molecules of a substance arrange
themselves in a well-defined three-dimensional lattice and consequently, minimize the overall energy of
the system. When a substance is subjected to crystallization, its atoms or molecules bind together
through well-defined angles.
On adding a solid substance in a liquid and stirring it, the solid dissolves in the fluid. But when added
more and more solid to the liquid, a point comes after which no more solid dissolves in the liquid. This
point is called a saturation point and the fluid is called a saturation solution.
Crystallization
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Crystallization Process
3. When the solution cools, crystals of solute start accumulating on the surface of the solution
5. The undissolved solids in the liquid are separated by the process of filtration
6. The size of crystals formed during this process depends on the cooling rate
7. Many tiny crystals are formed if the solution is cooled at a fast rate
Activity:
Step 5: After some time there will be a point at which no more sugar can be dissolved in water. This
stage is the saturation point, and the solution is referred to as a saturated solution
Step 6: Now filter the sugar with the help of a filter paper
Step 9: The process of filtration can separate these crystals. The liquid left after the removal of crystals is
known as mother liquor
Crystallization Examples
The fixed number of water molecules contained in one formula unit of a salt is known as water of
crystallisation. Or, to put it another way, water that is stoichiometrically bonded into crystal. CuSO 4 5H2O
is the chemical formula for hydrated copper sulphate, for example. Copper sulphate crystallises with 5
molecules of water.
Salt crystallisation is the most practical use of crystallisation, and it is also the most cost-effective
technique to create salt today. Compound purification and crystal synthesis are two further uses for the
technology. Water of crystallisation may alternatively be defined as the water molecules that make up a
crystal’s structure. They form and crystallise the crystals. CuSO4. 5H2O (Copper sulphate) is an
antibacterial and antifungal agent that may be used topically.
Application of Crystallization:
Purification of seawater
In the pharmaceutical industry, crystallization is used as a separation and purification process for
the synthesis and isolation of co-crystals, pure active pharmaceutical ingredients (API),
controlled release pulmonary drug delivery, and separation of chiral isomers.
This was just a brief layout of the process of crystallization. To know about crystallization,
other methods of purification of organic compounds and more, register with BYJU’S and download our
app.
Q1
Crystallization can be defined as the solidification of a liquid substance into a highly structured solid
whose atoms or molecules are placed in a well-defined three-dimensional crystal lattice. The smallest
individual part of a crystal is called a unit cell. The crystal is made up of millions of such unit cells.
Q2
Q3
Crystallization processes can be broadly categorized into the following two types:
Evaporative crystallization
Cooling crystallization
Q4
The crystallization of honey when it is placed in a jar and exposed to suitable conditions.
Q5
A product of high purity can be obtained from one single step via the process of crystallization.
The dry products formed from crystallization can be directly packaged and stored.
The energy requirements and the operating temperatures of this process are relatively low.
Q6
What are the various factors that affect the rate of crystallization?
Crystallization refers to the solidification of a liquid substance into a highly structured solid whose atoms
or molecules are placed in a well-defined three-dimensional crystal lattice. Various factors like
temperature, concentration, nature of the crystallizing substance, impurities present in the solution and
agitation affect the crystallization rate.
Q7
What happens when the benzoic acid crystals are heated individually?
When the benzoic acid crystals are heated individually, they will undergo sublimation.
Q8
The water of crystallisation refers to the concrete number of water molecules present in the formula
unit of the compound.
Q9
Q10
What happens when the blue vitriol crystals are heated individually?
When the blue vitriol crystals are heated individually, they will change into a white powder as it loses
their water molecules.