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An Overview of RFID Technology Applications and Diffusion in Supply Chain

Management

Article in International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics · March 2021

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 119 No. 10 2018, 1291-1305
ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

An Overview of RFID Technology Applications and Diffusion in Supply Chain

Management
VIDESH DESINGH a*, Dr.R.BASKARAN b, PADMANABHAN PANCHU.K c
a, b & c
Department of Industrial Engineering, Anna University,
Chennai- 600025, India
*
Corresponding Author’s E-mail: videshdesingh@gmail.com

Abstract – Supply chain management (SCM) is the control of resources, information, and capital as
they move in the whole process from provider to consumer. Logistics plays a vital part in the universal
supply chain due to emerging trends. Many supply chain service providers have realized the
significance of technological adoption that can help manufacturers, distributor, and warehouses to
communicate with each other more efficiently. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the
most capable technological innovations, with the potential to increase supply chain transparency and
gain process efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to review the concept of RFID technology
and its application, diffusion in supply chain management. Some of the important observations are: (a)
there is a lack of adequate research on RFID implementation issues (b) the trade-off between
responsiveness and the cost of logistics needs further study. The paper ends with concluding remarks.
Keywords – RFID, Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Key issues.

I. INTRODUCTION

Due to cross functional country activities in supply chain domain, raw materials and finished goods
outbound logistics and supply chain management has become a strategic factor in creating competitive
chaos in supply chains. With help of efficient and effective logistics, it is possible to ensure smooth flow
of raw materials, products and related information from the primitive occurring points to the final
consumption points[1]. It could be argued that the manual system and the bar code identification
technique are the most commonly-used inventory systems by different types of organizations, including
companies, universities, and public entities. Efficiency and effectiveness of the manual system are
questionable due to a high probability of human error and time consumption. In the same vein, the bar
code identification technique requires line of sight reading and it can read only one object with each
scanning. Such process could be overcome by using RFID technology. RFID system is defined as a
contactless radio frequency identification system that transfers data and power between an electronic data-
carrying device (transponder or tag) and its reader (interrogator).[2] .

II. REVIEW METHODOLOGY

Research journals on RFID application and supply chain management were collected and reviewed.
With respect to the time and an enormous number of research journals, a limited number of important
journals have been selected and reviewed. Academic publications of journals directly related to RFID
technology and its application to supply chain management are reviewed to find out past trends on
research. In order to extract articles, a planned keyword search was performed. Regarding keywords,
various search strings were used namely, “RFID”, “Radio Frequency Identification”, “RFID” and “Supply
chain”, “RFID” and “Supply chain management” and “RFID” and “Implementation” and “key issues”.
For each paper, the focus was on abstract to ensure that the article focused on the application of RFID in
supply chain management. If that supports, the full article was then reviewed to confirm that the paper

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focused on RFID technology applications in supply chain management. Thereafter, the entire content of
the article was examined further to refine the outcome and lessons for carrying out the studies further.[3].

III. MATERIAL COLLECTION AND LITERATURE CLASSIFICATION METHOD

This paper reviews the literature on the benefits, key issues, economic and physical impacts of RFID
technologies on supply chain management. We aim at discussing these impacts to develop an effective
overview of the challenges and benefits related to integrating RFID in supply chains. The literature was
mainly collected from journals on supply chain management, operations research, information systems
and production economics. European Journal of Operational Research, Manufacturing and Service
Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, International Journal of Production
Economics and Decision Support Systems are some of these journals. In order to obtain a general
overview on the literature, book chapters, dissertations, working papers, technical reports and conference
papers are also included. Each article is reviewed through statements and critical analyses and also
discussions on the impacts of RFID technologies on supply chain management. The publications are
classified according to review methodology. The content oriented publications, which deal with the main
problems of supply chain management that can be improved by RFID technologies, The methodology
oriented papers, which contain different approaches to evaluate the benefits of RFID technologies in
supply chains.
After investigative the literature on RFID, the framework in classifying the RFID literature is entirely
based on content. We have classified the review literature into four major categories: (i) Technology, (ii)
Application industries (iii) RFID in supply chain management (iv) Legal, Privacy and key issues. The
classification of literature is given in figure 1.

1. Technology 2. Application Industries

 Readers, tags and antennae  Automotive

 Band width and frequency  Retail
 Reader speed  Health care
 Architectural frame work  Military
 Agriculture and food
 Library services
3. Supply chain Management 4. Legal, Privacy and key issues

 Inventory management  Privacy of end consumer

 Warehouse management  Security and Safety
 Cost benefit analyses of RFID
implementation

Fig. 1. Classification of Literature.

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1. RFID Technology

An RFID device – commonly just called as RFID tag – is a small microchip planned for wireless data
transmission. It is normally attached to an antenna in a package that resembles an ordinary adhesive
sticker. RFID technology uses radio frequencies to track and trace item-level products automatically in
real time. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) facilitates automatic identification of items using radio-
waves[4]. Barcode is the incumbent auto-ID technology in logistics and has successfully conquered the
supply chain. The introduction of barcode technology has affected supply chain practice like few other
technologies before. In contrast to barcode, RFID enables bulk reading and does not require line of sight
to identify objects. Due to these characteristics, RFID is considered to be the potential successor of
barcode and may complement or replace barcode[5].

1.1 Readers, tags and antennae

Currently, two types of RFID tags are in use: an active RFID tag which contains its own power source
like a battery, and a passive RFID tag with no battery. For the passive RFID tag, the power comes from
the signal transmitted by the antenna. The active RFID tags, on the other hand, have their own internal
power source, which is used to power the chip and to broadcast the signal back to the RFID reader.
Generally, the active tags have larger memories than the passive tags and have a much larger range of
operations. Naturally, the passive tags are cheaper than the active tags[6]. RFID technology is used over
60 years but its uses in industry and public sector from the year 2003. Now these days RFID is used for
many applications like in retail industry, vehicle management, defense and agriculture etc.

1.2 Band width and frequency

RFID is faster, well established and versatile technology. Basically it used four types of frequency
bands. They are LF: Low Frequency(125 -134.2 KHz) Mainly it is used by passive tag The
communication range is typically from 10 cm to 100 cm maximum. It is allowed field strength
transmission power is 72dBμA/m maximum. It is mainly used in animal identification, food traceability,
tree implant, item tracking application. LF performs better in liquids and underwater applications. But LF
signals requirements long antennas and more costly the higher frequency bands[7]. HF: High
Frequency(135.6 MHz-560 MHz) HF tags have a reading range of up to 1.5 m and have transmission
rates of approximately 25 Kbps, but on the other hand, they are more expensive than LF tags. HF tags are
used in smart labels, contactless cards, travel cards, and security and access control[8].UHF: Ultra High
Frequency(860 – 930MHz) an UHF system can contribute a long operating distance e.g. 6 m. and can
identify multiple tags at the same time, the system shall benefit to a logistics application. However, to
maximize the performance of the system tags should avoid interfacing with humidity, and metal, as they
can degrade the overall performance of the UHF system. a UHF RFID holds the attractive feature on
providing longer identification distance, but its limitation is that it is highly affected by water and metallic
condition[9] MF: Microwave Frequency(2.45 GHz) Higher reaction range Not popular Implementation
more complex and without standardization[10].

1.3 Architectural frame work

The architectural framework of the RFID-based tracking system for production processes will be
explained. This framework has five cross-sectional layers: the physical layer, data-capturing front end,
data-capturing layer, processing modules and application layer. The layers are shown in Fig. 2,[11]

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ERP SYSTEM
APPLICATION LAYER

IDENTIFICATION READ /WRITE REPORTING

PROCESSING MODULES
GATE ENTRY/ EXIT

DATA CAPTURING LAYER DATA COLLECTION AND TRANSFORMATION FRAME WORK

DATA CAPTURING FRONT

FIXED RFID READERS MOBILE READERS
END

PHYSICAL LAYER RFID TAGS ATTACHED ON PRODUCTS

Fig. 2 Architectural framework of the RFID-based tracking system

RFID Technology Possesses Greater Advantages As Follows:

 RFID technology does not necessitate line-of-sight reading.

 RFID tags can grasp more data than barcodes.
 RFID tags have smaller size and have several kinds of styles.
 RFID tags are much harmless. Because RFID tags use the electronic data, its information content
can be password-protected so that the contented information cannot be counterfeit and transformed
easily.
 Data warehoused in RFID tags can be altered or added.
 RFID tags are more effective in harsh environments where bar code labels may have problems.
 Many RFID tags can be read almost instantaneously.


2. Application industries

2.1Automotive
As evidenced by the number of high-profile mergers, and re-organisations, the automobile
industry is extremely competitive and in a constant state of flux. To ensure survival, automotive
manufacturers need to be as efficient as possible at all points along the supply chain. In terms of the
logistics and production processes (that require frequent, high-quality and reliable information exchange),
the automotive industry has already recognized fine-tuned concepts such as just-in-time and just-in-

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sequence delivery. Over the past few years, the automotive industry has made considerable progress in
establishing RFID technology, focusing mostly on logistics and production processes[12]
After many years of hyping RFID technology, it has become evident that the actual adoption and
diffusion rates in the automotive industry fall short of the propagandized expectations. RFID has been
used for years as a means to support internal production control and asset management, but even today
RFID technology “has not made a decisive step from the meeting rooms to real life in the supply chain. In
the last few years, several automotive companies have conducted projects to gain experience with the
technology in supply chain domains[13]. After a period, the automotive industry was constantly looking
for advanced technologies to further improve both the quality of process and efficiency of their supply
chain operations. RFID and its potential for constant data capturing and processing increased supply chain
visibility, and significantly reduced cycle times are one of the most promising technologies today and for
the foreseeable future. The automotive industry already uses RFID But the approval in supply chain
processes at the beginning This involves all those processes that are associated with the movement and
distribution of goods from raw-material stage up to the final products which are delivered to customers as
well as backwards at the end of the product’s life for recycling purposes, i.e. assembly control, order
processing, inventory management, distribution, transportation, quality control, theft control, anti-
counterfeiting, and warehousing[14].

2.2 Healthcare

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most important industries as it is related to people’s health
and life. A great number of case studies were founded that examined the pharmaceutical production
management system based on RFID technology. They managed to trace the whole pharmaceutical life
cycle system including raw materials, production, transportation and storage. The pharmaceutical industry
and healthcare world is a large, complex and fast growing area[15]. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) has received a great deal of attention lately because of the benefits it could potentially have within
the supply chain, in the manufacturing environment, and in the healthcare industry, among other
areas[16]. There is strong indication that RFID can be effective in a multiplicity of other contexts,
especially healthcare. However, few studies have been conducted in the healthcare field, though a few
have explored the tracking of physical assets, e.g., heart monitors and pharmaceuticals, and inventory
management[17]. Healthcare demands for extreme accuracy in drug distribution, handling and processing.
Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported that the human carelessness is one of the major causes of medical
errors. RFID technology could aid the medical staff in performing their duties and reduce medical
error[18]. When personal medical data is stored in the tag itself as with considerable risk patients having
an RFID implant the size of a grain of rice, it is in scrambled form. It is suddenly accessible to an
approved device in an emergency and therefore saves lives[19].
There is RFID enabled resource and workflow management solutions being designed to optimize asset
utilization, reduce operating costs, and improve care quality in the healthcare industry. Moreover,
employing RFID at healthcare facilities to solve operational problems is a trend that will be diffused and
assimilated to many areas in the near future. Several applications of RFID technology are already found in
the healthcare industry. They use it to improve safety and monitoring patient, increase asset utilization
with real-time tracking [20], to reduce medical errors by tracking medical devices, and to enhance supply-
chain efficiencies propose a framework for evaluating the business value of RFID technology in the
healthcare industry.

2.3 Retail
RFID technology has been introduced across a range of industries, including public sector as well
as in retail and manufacturing. According to an estimate, the annual savings of US leading retail Wal-

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Mart using RFID are $8.35 billion a retail garments store may have RFID system installed in which a
unique identifier is read through RFID readers that uniquely identifies the product[21]. Using RFID to
obtain real-time information will be an advantageous aspect and most compelling reason to implement
RFID in a retail supply chain[22]. RFID tech in retail industry provides many advantages like lower
labour requirement, lower chance of out of stock, faster payments, faster checkouts, better information
and reduced inventory requirement. Mainly RFID replace the bar code system which scan the each and
every product and then provides the bill. In some situations when thousands of peoples in malls, and each
people purchase hundreds of items, bar codes system is very time consuming and tedious task. Because
RFID technology not use the concept the light of sight.[7]

2.4 Agriculture and Food

RFID enabled product identification can reduce such decay significantly. RFID system can track
the items in actual time without product movement, scanning or human involvement. RFID technology
can adopt in the food supply chain and to improve the traceability of food in food supply chain
management, a food worker can use RFID technology to record and deliver data on all stages from a
supplier, transportation, and production, to storage and distribution of an individual food item. Food
traceability states to the ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food- producing animal, or ingredients,
throughout the production and distribution process. RFID technology can be an effective tool for securing
food safety and managing agriculture and livestock .RFID technology in agriculture was first introduced
by the European Union (EU) in the late 1990s and shortly thereafter many countries, such as Australia,
Japan and South Korea, adopted the innovation[23]. It is no doubt that agriculture is the soul of the any
country. Agriculture is the base point of the life and now these days advancement also in the field of
agriculture. RFID, sensor and their networks play the important role in the area of agriculture. In the field
of agriculture it contributes as Precision agriculture (PA), Variable Rate Technology (VRT), Precision
Framing, Global Position System Agriculture, Information Intensive Agriculture, Agriculture Site
Specific Crop Management, Framing by inch [7].

2.5 Military

This technology has been used since World War II and is used in various types of fields very
effectively. Not only is it used for flexible payment at tolls but also for transportation, retailing, sales
purchasing and health industry for operations. It is a growing market which is widely used in military and
Defence[24]. The US Department of Defence (DoD) is widely considering RFID technology for military
applications. For example, it has deployed the Radio Frequency In- Transit Visibility (RF-ITV) system,
which is used to identify and track the cargo items from origin to destination. Using this system, the US
military tags around 48,000 cargo items every month, which makes it the world’s largest RFID
deployment[25]. Within the military, it is said that no plan lasts longer than the first contact with the
enemy. Similarly, once an RFID technology plan is executed, the user must begin to address the daily
operational issues for better understanding[26]. Specific application areas include the military materials
and equipment management, precise and accurate identification of transport units and fast positioning and
active searching[27].

2.6 Library Services

Library cards will include RFID tags. Readers will detect and fetch information from library cards
when patrons enter a library, and it will be transmitted to a backend system process. After that, the front
desk shows loans, over dues, reserves, and other circulation status on the monitor about this patron.

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Librarians depend on these messages to provide service. The library can be supplied with hand-held
guiding equipment (reader and display device) for patrons to recognize the library environment. The
system can automatically verify patron categories to decide the guiding scope, and is always detecting
tags and fetching information to show on screen at each position, such as at copy machines[28]. RFID is
used in many libraries to automate the issue and return of books, videos and CDs and to give real- time
visibility for library inventory. Until recently, books and CDs have been identified using bar coded labels,
each of which had to be read individually with a bar code reader. Inventory control and reconciliation has
been a time-consuming operation. With RFID, books and CDs can be checked in and out automatically
and inventory control can be automated using scanners on shelves or with their hand-held equipment. The
result is a reduction in the need for personnel and a much higher degree of accuracy in inventory
management[29].

3. Supply chain Management

3.1 Inventory management

Inventory management involves controlling, administering, storing, and using materials and
components that a company requires to produce items for sale. After production of goods, these same set
of requirements and activities apply to managing inventories of finished goods. Task of inventory
management are varied and have many affiliations. Planning task of inventory management, for example,
is the allocation and sizing of inventories. In order to determine an acceptable level of inventory, it is
necessary to make decisions about order quantity and order time[30].Inventory inaccuracy is inevitable
and prevalent in many industries, which stands for the discrepancy between inventory records and the
amount of product available for sale to customers[31]. Replenishment and order fulfillment policies are
key processes in meeting customer requirements and improving the effectiveness of supply chains on
about inventory of different kind of materials, RFID technology could provide several benefits in supplier
recourse management such as improving the inventory management system[32]. Since RFID tags can be
read through an item, borrowers can check out several books at one scan. RFID could help staff speed up
inventory management process, reduce human errors and increase the accuracy of inventory records.
RFID is an emerging wire-less communication technology that has stimulated numerous innovative
applications in several fields such as inventory control, supply-chain management and logistics[33]. Other
topics that fall under inventory management comprise inventory inaccuracy and inventory security.
Because of globalization, organizations have their supply chains straddling countries and continents. This
is largely due to the need for lower production costs, cheaper labor, and favorable tax regimes.

3.2 Warehouse management

The warehouses are typically used to store the products received from several suppliers and then
sold and distributed to the customers Information Technology (IT) is fundamental to the success of SCM
and various technologies have been used to optimize operational activities. These technologies include:
bar coding, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Warehouse Management system (WMS), and Electronic
Data Interchange (EDI). Recently, RFID technology has come into sight as a new sign of WMS to support
greater product intelligibility and supply chain simplification. Moreover, there are increased numbers of
firms, in various industries, that are exploring the potential of RFID to improve SCM operations. In
particular, RFID is going to be the next age band of bar coding that will maximize supply chain data
capture and information exchange within industry and between supply chain members[34]. Using RFID
Technology is possible to automate important activities in the receiving and shipping processes

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comparatively with how they are supported in a barcode solution. This change implies not only a increase
in the efficiency in the execution of the identification and validation activities but also a reduction of
human errors. Moreover, since RFID support identification of instance of products, a greater control
exists over what is in or out the warehouse and that information could be consulted directly in the
ERP[35]. In the new supply chain mode, the information flow is very large and the material flow is very
small. Thereby the currency cost is reduced furthest. Having the accuracy and in time information, the
new system can satisfy the consumer’s order by lowest volumes of storage. This reduced the cost for the
relative warehouse and transportation. Although it can bring significant benefit by adopting RFID in
supply chain, there will be faced many problems when implementing it[36].

3.3 Cost benefit analyses of RFID implementation

Over the ages, frequent cost-benefit scrutinizes have been conducted to begin the feasibility and
profitability of RFID investments. Most of the studies attempt to originate the economic welfares of
RFID, determine the value of an RFID investment, or recognize the tasks of implementing RFID in the
supply chain [37]. The cost of RFID tags was about a dollar each in 2000. Many researchers believed that
extensive use of RFID would not be possible unless tag unit cost reduces drastically. There is a
widespread view in the industry that the tag cost would have to come down to 5 cents each before the
RFID industry could really take off because ‘‘companies cannot afford more than five cents’ worth of
added cost’’ .Research emphasis has recently been on issues such as analyzing theoretical frameworks to
recognize benefit and cost attributes of RFID systems for asset tracking in healthcare locations [38] by
developing an organized method for the assessment of benefits aided by RFID in healthcare operations
[39] by conducting a risk-benefit analysis of implementing RFID in healthcare supply chain using case
studies to measure the business value of RFID-enabled healthcare projects in assessment to further
industries suggesting a quantitative method to measure product visibility in the outbound supply chain of
the garb industry [40] directing a cost-benefit analysis of RFID placement in apparel retailing evaluating
the impact of RFID practices on supply chain performance by investigating eight variables of RFID
custom in the supply chain using analytical models to stem economic benefits from item-level RFID and
categorizing different types of RFID adoption costs in supply networks and starting how these potential
costs impact the decision to implement RFID [41].

4. Legal, Privacy and key issues

4.1 Privacy of end consumer

Widespread deployment of RFID system across many applications creates a very good impact on
users and it also simplifies a lot of business transactions. However, this situation may potentially impose
security and privacy threats. We noted that previous RFID protocols provide solutions for security and
privacy in silo and they usually focus more on security components as compared to privacy. Since RFID
tag and reader communicate through wireless radio frequency channel, messages can easily be captured
by unknown reader[42]. The threat to privacy grows when a tag serial number is combined with personal
information, Once RFID becomes pervasive, however, as is almost inevitable, the privacy problem will
assume more formidable dimensions[43]. Privacy concerns can include in appropriate collection,
intentional misuse, or unauthorized disclosure of healthcare information resulting from Privacy and use of
RFID technology [44] legal issues RFID systems introduce a key ethical concern regarding privacy
because of its surveillance potential.

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4.2 Security and Safety

Enclosed localization has been keenly researched recently due to security and safety. Previous
research and development for enclosed localization includes infrared, wireless LAN and ultrasonic.
However, these technologies suffer either from the limited accuracy or lacking of the infrastructure. Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) is very attractive because of reasonable system price, and reader
reliability. The RFID localization can be categorized into tag and reader localizations[45].While RFID
technology was well known for a long time, the market penetration of these devices has lagged behind
barcodes, security, parking guidance, and the tracing and identification of animals, also have different
applications in the food industry, such as product identification and traceability, cold chain monitoring
,livestock management , and shelf life prediction[39].

IV.SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF REVIEWED ARTICLES

Classifications References Outcomes

I. RFID Technology
(i) Readers, tags and antennae
(ii) Band width and frequency
(iii) Architectural frame work
II. Application industries
Automotive
Health Care
[15],[16],[17],[18]-[20]
The current and potential
applications of RFID across a
variety of industries have been
notified and it focuses on the
ability of RFID to capture
[5],[6]-[8],[10]
accurate and timely data and its
subsequent role in providing
better supply chain visibility and
product traceability have been
witnessed.
Implementing RFID reduces
the cycle time and increases the
visibility in supply chain. It helps
[12],[13],[14] to increase the overall efficiency
throughout the system.
RFID plays an important role
in healthcare domain and it
reduce medical errors by tracking
Medical devices, to enhance
supply chain efficiencies,
improve the monitoring facility
for patients and to increase the
safety of systems and using real-
time tracking for utilization of
assets.

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In this regard, issues discussed

include assessing potential
benefits of RFID for retailers of
short shelf life products
evaluating the impact of
introducing item-level RFID in a
retail environment where stock-
out-based substitution is common
Retail
[7],[21],[22] identifying the advantages and
disadvantages of RFID in
retailing and conducting
empirical investigations into the
relationship between RFID
adoption and supply chain
performance.

To reduce the need for product

recall Costs, RFID integrates the
agricultural firms. Also, it
Agriculture and Food
[22]-[23],[7] reduces the spoilage of foods in
entire supply chain.

We found that RFID is

effectively implemented in prison
management and child protection
programs. Specific application
areas include the military
materials and equipment
management, precise and
[24]-[25], [26][27] accurate identification of
Military
transport units and fast
positioning and active searching.
Using this system, the US
military tags around 48,000 cargo
items every month, which makes
it the world’s largest RFID
deployment.
Library automation systems
can only query once about check
in/out situations, but not where
material is if it is not on the
correct shelf. In library services,
[28]-[29]
Library Services RFID has been used in self-
checkout systems, for anti-theft
control, for inventory control,
and for the sorting and conveying
of books.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
III. Supply chain Management
[30],[31]-[33]
Inventory management
[34],[35],[36]
Warehouse management
Cost benefit analyses of RFID
implementation
[37],[38][39][40][41]
IV. Legal, Privacy and key
issues
Privacy of end consumer
Security and Safety
1301
Special Issue
An approach to reduce
information distortion, inventory
inaccuracies and amplification
and design for management of
product replenishment.
Characterization of the major
causes of inventory inaccuracy
and analyses of the potential of
RFID to eliminate the causes.
Provides insights into extant
works on the integration of RFID
into various warehouse functions.
The review identifies the strong
and vital link between the ability
of RFID to capture accurate and
timely data and warehouse
operational performance.
Risk benefit analyses of the
implementation of RFID in
supply chains, and the benefits,
costs and drawbacks
accompanying the adoption of
RFID Conceptual approach used
to explore the potential
contribution of implementing
RFID to the efficiency of supply
chains, and the benefits and
drawbacks associated with RFID-
enabled processes.
To respond quickly to market
variations, increased information
visibility is provided by RFID
[42]-[44] technology must be utilised with
end privacy.
System security concerns are
centered on the vulnerability and
[39],[45] protection of data generated
through RFID from unauthorized
access and manipulation. RFID
systems face a number of security
challenges, including the illicit
tracking of RFID tags must be
tighten.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

By reviewing the applications and diffusion of RFID in Supply chain management for the recent
years, this paper evaluates and combine the contents of some journals to provide insights on RFID
research trends and results. The result of this study reveals that several enterprises implement RFID to
improve the operational process and to enhance organizational transform as well as to create economic
performance. The advantages, risks and cost involvement in implementing RFID and complexities of the
technology have been summarized. RFID tends to grow as these issues get cleared and the technology
becomes incorporated into the daily life of cooperation and the public.

V. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The methodology that is employed in the literature review has some limitations. The first is that the
findings are based on data that were collected from academic journals, and the second is the limited
number of journals that were used, in that only the journals in the particular databases that were searched
has been included. However, although this means that the review is not in-depth, we believe that it is
comprehensive. The third possible limitation is the time period. We used a 15-year time frame that is
assumed to be representative of RFID research over the past few years because we consider a more recent
coverage of the major journals to be more appropriate for this analysis.

IV.CONCLUSION

We found, relying on a systematic review from many RFID studies, four key areas of RFID have been
studied. However, despite potential benefits from RFID applications, various unexpected problems arise.
RFID can still involve technological deficiencies, especially in securing privacy data's, international
standards of frequency, and storage capacity. Tag and reader corruption can hurt transparency and
security. This review is not in a complete form to discuss all of the RFID issues from technology, , e-
government, and legal aspects. Further research on RFID diffusion and impact include not only various
theoretical issues of but also legal and managerial problems. For instance, both qualitative and
quantitative research is required to explore what factors are critical to adopt and implement RFID
technology in real time industry in terms of governance and digital literacy.

REFERENCES

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of RFID technologies in UK logistics : Moderating roles of size , barcode experience and
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