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 AN

AMERICAN DICTIONARY
OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE:
INTENDED TO EXHIBIT,
I. Tue ORIGIN, AFFINITIES AND PRIMARY SIGNIFICATION OF ENGLISH WORDS, AS FAR AS THEY HAVE BEEN ASCERTAINED.

II. THe GENUINE ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS, ACCORDING TO GENERAL USAGE, OR TO JUST PRINCIPLES OF ANALOGY.

III. AccURATE AND DISCRIMINATING DEFINITIONS, WITH NUMEROUS AUTHORITIES AND ILLUSTRATIONS,

TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED, |ey Qa, i aa

AN INTRODUCTORY DISSERTATION i agl

ON THE a i ;
ORIGIN, HISTORY AND CONNECTION OF THE Boo
LANGUAGES OF WESTERN ASIA AND OF EUROPE,
AND A CONCISE GRAMMAR
OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

He that wishes to be counted among the benefactors of posterity, must add, by his own toil, to the acquisitions of his ancestors.—Rambler.

NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY S. CONVERSE.
PRINTED BY HEZEKIAH HOWE—NEW HAVEN.

1828.
 E ro Pa
50°) %*
DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss.
L Ss ‘BE 1f REMEMBERED, That on the fourteenth day of April, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America.
je We = WesstTER, of the said District, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words
following, to wit :
“An American Dichonasy of the English Language ; intended to exhibit, I. The origin, affinities, and primary signification of English words, as far
as they have been ascertained. II. The genuine orthography and pronunciation of words, according to general usage, or to just principles of analogy.
IfI. Accurate and discriminating definitions, with numerous authorities and illustrations. To which are prefixed, an introductory dissertation on the ori-
gin, history and connection of the languages of Western Asia and of Europe, and a concise Grammar of the English language. By Noah Webster, LL. D.
In two volumes.”
In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, “‘An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts
and Books, to the authors and proprietors ef such copies, during the times therein mentioned.”—And also to the act, entitled, ‘‘ An act supplementary to
an act, entitled ‘An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, tothe authors and proprietors of such copies
during the times therein mentioned,’ and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints.”
CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me,
CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
April 14th, 1828.
 AN

AMERICAN DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

JAC JAC JAC

J. This letter has been added to the En- JACK, n. [zeku, in Ethiopie, is the pronoun \SACK’/ANAPES, a. [jack and ape.| A
glish Alphabet in modern days ; the letter he, or she.| monkey; an ape.
I being written formerly in words where 1. A nickname or diminutive of John, used 2. A coxcomb; an impertinent fellow.
J is now used. It seems to have had the as a general term of contempt for any A young upstart jackanapes. Arbuthnot.
sound of y, in many. words, as it still has saucy or paltry fellow. Johnson. JACK’/ASS, n. The male of the ass.
in the German. The English sound of 2. The name of an instrument that supplies JACK’/-BLOCK, n. A block attached to
this letter may be expressed by dzh, or the place of a boy; an instrument to pull the top-gallant-tie of a ship, to sway up
edzh, a compound sound coinciding ex- off boots. Watts. or to strike the yard. Mar. Dict.
actly with that of g, in genius ;the French 3. An engine to turna spit; asa kitchen \JACK/BOOTS, n. [See No. 5. supra.]
Jj, With the articulation d preceding it. Tt| jack ; a smoke jack. Boots that serve as armor for the legs.
isthe tenth letter of the English Alpha- 4. A young pike. Mortimer. P Spectator.
et. 5. A coat of mail. [Sp. xaco, xaqueta.] JACK’DAW, x. [jack and daw.] A fowl of
JABBER, v. i. [D. gabberen, or Fr. jaboter. Hayward. the genus Corvus, thievish and mischiev-
Class Gb.] 6. A pitcher of waxed lether. Dryden. ous to the farmer. = Encyc.
To talk rapidly or indistinctly; to chatter ; 7. Asmall bowl thrown out for a mark to JACK’FLAG, n. A flag hoisted at the sprit-
to prate. Suift. the bowlers. sail top-mast-head. Encye.
JAB/BER, n. Rapid talk with indistinct ut- 8 . Part of a musical instrument called a vir- JACK’/PUDDING, n. [jack and pudding.|
terance of words. Swift. ginal. Bacon. A merry Andrew ; a buffoon; a zany.
JAB/BERER, n. One that talks rapidly, 9. The male of certain animals, as of the Gay.
indistinctly or unintelligibly. ass. [Arm. ozach, a husband.] JACK/SMITH, n. A smith who makes
JAB/BERING, ppr. Prating ; talking rap- Arbuthnot. jacks for the chimney.
idly and confusedly. 10. A horse or wooden frame on which JACK/AL, n. [Sp. chacal; Turk. chical.}
JAB/BERMENT, 2x. Idle prate. Obs. wood or timber is sawed. Ainsworth. An animal of the genus Canis, resembling
Milton. 11. In sea-language, a flag, ensign or colors, a dog and a fox; a native of Asia and Af-
aera? n. An aquatic fowl of the crane displayed from a staffon the end of a bow- rica. It preys on poultry and other small
kind. sprit. Mar. Dict. animals. It is the Canis aureus of Linne.
The Jabiru is the Mycteria Americana. It 12. In Yorkshire, half a pint. Grose. <A Encyc. Cyc.
resembles the stork. Cuvier. quarter ofa pint. Pegge. JACK/ET, n. [Sp. xaqueta, a short loose
JAC’AMAR, n. A kind of fowls arranged) Jack at all trades, a person who can turn coat; xaco, a short jacket; xaquetilla, a
by Linne under the genus Alcedo ; but his hand to any kind ofbusiness. jacket; Fr. jaquette ; Basque, jacaya.] A
their toes are differently placed, and their} Jack by the hedge, a plant of the genus Erys-) short close garment worn by males, ex-
food consists of insects. They are about imum, that grows under hedges. tending downwards to the hips; a short
the size of a lark. Numerous species are Fam. of Plants. coat.
described. Encye. Jack in a box, a plant of the genus Hernan- JACK/ETED, a. Wearing a jacket.
The Jacamars are arranged in a separate dia. JA€/OBIN, n. [Sonamed from the place of
genus, Galbula, and along with the wood- 2. A large wooden male screw, turning in a meeting, which was the monastery ofthe
peckers in the order of climbers. Cuvier. female one. Mar. Dict. monks called Jacobines.]
JA/CENT, a. [L. jacens, jaceo, to lie.} Lying! Jack with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a me- The Jacobins. in France, during the late rev-
at length. Wotton. teor that appears in low moist lands. olution, were a society of violent revolu-
JA'CINTH, n. [a different orthography of] Jack of the clock-house, a little man that tionists, who held secret meetings in
Hyacinth.} strikes the quarters im a clock. which measures were concerted to direct
1. A genus of plants. [See Hyacinth.] JACK’ALENT, n. [Jack in lent, a poor the proceedings of the National Assem-
2. A species of pellucid gems. [See Hya- starved fellow.] bly. Hence, a Jacobin is the member of a
einth.| Rev. xxi. A simple sheepish fellow. Shak.| club, or other person, who opposes gov-
Vol. IT. 1 |
 JAD JAL JAN
ernment in a secret and unlawful manner, ness and tenacity, of a color more or less calapa ; so called from Xalapa, a province
or by violent means; a turbulent al green, and of a resinous or oily aspect in Mexico, whence it is imported.]
gogue. when polished. It is fusible into a glass The root of a plant, a species of Convol-
JA€’OBINE, n. A monk of the order o or enamel. Cleaveland divides jade into vulus. It is brought in thin transverse
Dominicans. three subspecies, nephrite, saussurite. and slices, and also whole, of an oval shape,
2. A pigeon with a high tuft. Ainsworth. axestone. It is found in detached masses hard, solid and heavy. It has little or no
JACOBIN'TE, :: Resembling the Jaco- or inhering in rocks. taste or smell, but is much used in pow-
JACOBIN‘ICAL, § ~ bins of France; tur- Werner. Jameson. Cleaveland. der as a cathartic. Cyc.
bulent; discontented with government; JADE, v.t. To tire; to fatigue; to weary JAM, n. A conserve of fruits boiled with
holding democratic principles. with hard service ; as, to jade a horse. sugar and water.
JA€/OBINISM, 2. Jacobinic principles; 2. To weary with attention or study; to 2. A kind of frock for children.
unreasonable or violent opposition to le- tire. JAM, v. t. (Russ. jem, a press; jmu, to
gitimate government; an attempt to over- The mind once jaded by an attempt above}! press. ]
throw or change government by secret its power, is very hardly brought to exert its
force again. Locke.|| 1. To press; to crowd ; to wedge in.
cabals or irregular means; popular turbu-
3. To harass; to crush. Shak. |2. In England, to tread hard or make firm
lence. ‘4. 'To tire or wear out in mean offices; as a by treading, as land by cattle. Grose.
JAC/OBINIZE, v. t. To taint with Jacobin- jaded groom. Shak. JAM, es Among the Jead miners of Men-
ism. Burke. 5. To ride; to rule with tyranny. JAMB, * dip, a thick bed of stone which
JAC/OBITE, n. [from Jacobus, James.] A hinders them when pursuing the veins of
I do not now fool myself, to let imagination
partizan or adherent of James II. king of ore. Cyc.
jade me. Shak.
England, after he abdicated the throne, JADE, v.i. To become weary; to lose) JAMB, n. jam. [Fr. jambe, a leg; jambes
and of his descendants ; of course, an op- de force, a corbel or pier; It. gamba, a leg;
spirit ;to sink.
poser ofthe revolution in 1688, in favor of gambo, a stem or stalk.]
William and Mary. Bolingbroke. They are promising in the beginning, but
they fail and jade and tire in the prosecution. In architecture, a supporter ; the side-piece
2. One of asect of christians in Syria and South. or post of a door ; the side-piece of a fire-
Mesopotamia, who hold that Jesus Christ JA/DED, pp. Tired; wearied; fatigued; place.
had but one nature. Encyc. Cye. harassed. JAMBEE’, n. A name formerly given to 2
JA€/OBITE, a. Pertaining to the partizans JA/DERY, x. The tricks of a jade. | fashionable cane. Tatler.
of James II. Beaum. JAM’BEUX, n. [supra.] Armor for the
JA€/OBITISM, n. The principles of the JA/DING, ppr. Tiring; wearying; haras- legs. Obs. Dryden.
partizans of James II. Mason. sing. JANE, n. A coin of Genoa. Spenser.
JACOB’S-LADDER, n. A plant of the ge- JA‘DISH, a. Vitious ; bad, like a jade. 2. A kind of fustian.
nus Polemonium. Fam. of Plants. 2. Unchaste. L’ Estrange. JAN’‘GLE, v. i. [G. zanken.] To quarre}
JACOB’S-ST'AFP, n. A pilgrim’s staff JAG, n. [Sp. zaga, a load, packed on the in words; to altercate; to bicker; to
2. A staff concealing a dagger. back part of a carriage. Qu.] A small wrangle. Shak.
3. A cross staff; a kind ofastrolabe. load. New- England. AN’GLE, v. #. To cause to sound untuna-
Johnson. AGG, v.t. [perhaps G. zacken, a tooth, a bly or diseordantly.
JAC/OBUS, n. [Jacobus, James.] A gold prong, to indent; Sw. tagg, a sharp —E’er monkish rhymes
coin, value twenty-five shillings sterling, point.| Had jangl’d their fantastic chimes. Pricr.
struck in the reign of James I. To notch; to cut into notches or teeth like JAN‘GLER, n. A wrangling, noisy fellow.
LD’Estrange. those ofa saw. JAN’‘GLING, ppr. Wrangling; quarreling;
JACONET’, x. A kind of coarse muslin. JAGG, A tooth of a saw; a denticula- sounding discerdantly.
JAC'TANCY, n. [L.jactantia.] A boasting. JAG, §” tion. In botany, a cleft or divis- JAN’GLING, x. A noisy dispute ; a wrang-
[.Vot used.| ion. Martyn. ling.
JAC’'TITATION, n. [L. jactito, jacto. It JAG'GED, pp. Notched; uneven. JANITOR, n. [L.] A door-keeper ; a por-
ought rather to be jactation, L. jactatio.] 2. a. Having notches or teeth; cleft; divi- ter. Warton.
1, A tossing of the body; restlessness. ded ; laciniate ; as jagged leaves. JANIZA’RIAN, n. Pertaining to the Janiza-
Harvey. JAG/GEDNESS, n. The state of being den- ries, or their government. Burke.
2. A term in the canon law for a false pre- ticulated ; unevenness. Peachamn. JANIZARY, n. [Turkish, yeniskert; yeni
tension to marriage ; vain boasting. JAG’/GING, ppr. Notching; cutting into and askari, new troops. Eton.]
Johnson. teeth ; dividing. A soldier of the Turkish foot guards. The
JAC/ULATE, v. t. [L. jaculor.] To dart. JAG’GY, a. Set with teeth; denticulated; Janizaries were a body of infantry, and
JACULA'TION, n. The action ofdarting, | uneven. Addison. reputed the Grand Seignor’s guards.
throwing or lanching, as missive weapons. JAGUAR’, n. The American tiger, or once} They became turbulent, and rising in arms
Milton. of Brasil, belonging to the genus Felis. against the Sultan, were attacked, defeat-
JAC/ULATOR, n. The shooting fish, a Cyc. ed and destroyed in Constantinople, in
species of Chatodon. JAH, n. Jehovah. June 1826.
JAC/ULATORY, a. Darting or throwing) JAIL, n. [Fr. geole; Arm. geol or jol; Sp. JAN/NOCK, n. Oai-bread. [Local.]
out suddenly, or suddenly thrown out; | jaua, acage, acell. Sometimes written JAN’SENISM, n. The doctrine of Jansen
uttered in short sentences. (See Ejacu-| very improperly gaol, and as improperly in regard to free will and grace.
latory.| pronounced gole.| JAN/SENIST, n. A follower of Jansen,
JADE, n. [of unknown origin. Qu. Sp. jad-| A prison ; a building or place for the con- bishop of Ypres, in Flanders.
ear, to pant.] | finement of persons arrested for debt or) DANT, v.t. [In Fr. jante is the felly of a
1. A mean or poor horse; a tired horse; aj for crime, and held in the custody of the wheel, and the original root signified
worthless nag. sheriff. probably to extend or to run, to ramble.]
Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sidney. \JA/TLBIRD, n. A prisoner; one who has To ramble here and there; to make an ex-
been confined in prison. cursion. Shak.
2, A mean woman; a word of contempt,
noting sometimes age, but generally vice.
JA/ILER, n. The keeper ofa prison. J‘ANT, n. An excursion; a ramble; a short
Johnson. JAILFEVER, n. A contagious and fatal journey. Milton,
She shines the first of battered jades. fever generated in jails and other places JANTILY, adv. [from janty.] Briskly ;air-
Swift. crowded with people. ily; gayly.
3. A young woman; in irony or slight con- JAKES, n. [Qu. L. jacio, to throw.]} A J‘ANTINESS, n. Airiness; flutter ; brisk-
tempt. Addison.| house of office or back-house ; a privy. ness.
JADE, n. A mineral called also nephrite or} Swift. JANTY, a. Airy; showy; fluttering; fin-
nephritic stone, remarkable for its hard-/JAL‘AP, x. [Port. jalapa; Fr. galap; Sp.! ical. Hobbes.
 JAR JAS JAW
JAN'UARY, n. (Iv. gionbhar or gionvar ; J‘AR, v. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble ; to JASPER, n. [Fr. jaspe; L. iaspis; Gr.
Russ. genvar; Fr. janvier 2 It. gennaio ; cause a short tremulous motionin a thing.) So-
Sp. enero; Port. janeiro ; L. januarius. It} JAR,n. A rattling vibration of sound; a castes ;It. diaspro; Ar. Lissa; Heb. now. |
is evident from the Irish and Russian shake; as a trembling jar. Holder. A mineral of the siliceous kind, and of sev-
words, that the first syllable of January, is 2. A harsh sound ; discord. eral varieties. It is less hard than flint or
from the root of L. geno, to beget, Eng. 3. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; even than common quartz, but gives fire
to begin, Sax. aginnan. Var is said to discord ; debate. with steel. It is entirely opake, or some-
signify a revolution. January then signi- And yet his peace is but continual jar.
Spenser. times feebly translucent at the edges, and
fies the beginning, or first month. Janus it presents almost every variety of color.
is probably from the same root.] 4, The state of adoor half open, or ready
to move and strike the post. Swift. Its varieties are common jasper, striped
The first month of the year, according to Jasper, Egyptian jasper, &e. It admits
the present computation. At the founda- 5. Repetition of the noise made by the pen- of an elegant polish, and is used for vases,
tion of Rome, March was considered the dulum of a clock. Shak.
seals, snuff-boxes, &c.
first month. January and February were JAR, n. (Sp. jarra, jarro; Port. id.; It. Cleaveland. Kirwan.
introduced by Numa Pompilius. — Encye. giarro.|
Jasper is a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz,
JAPAN’, n. [from the country in Asia, so A vessel with a large belly and broad of five kinds, Egyptian, striped, porcelain,
called.] mouth, made of earth or glass; as a jar
of honey. Dryden. common, and agate jasper. Jameson.
This name is given to work varnished and
figured in the manner practiced by the We say, anelectrical battery of nine jars. JASPERATED, a. Mixed with jasper;
natives of Japan. Encyc. Cye.| 2. A certain measure; as a jar of oil. containing particles of jasper ; as jaspera-
JAPAN-EARTH, n. Catechu, a combina- JARARACA, n. A species of serpent in ted agate. Fourcroy.
tion of gummy and resinous matter, ob- America, seldom exceeding 18 inches in JASPIDE/AN, a. Like jasper; consisting
tained from the juice of a species of palm length, having prominent veins on its head, of jasper, or partaking of jasper.
tree. Nicholson. and of a dusky brownish color, variegated Kirwan.
Japan-earth or catechu, is obtained by de- with red and black spots. It is very poi- J‘ASPONYX, n. The purest horn-colored
coction and evaporation from a species of, sonous. Cyc. onyx, with beautiful green zones, compo-
Mimosa. It consists chiefly of tannin J‘ARBLE, ? t To bemire. [Vot in use.] sed of genuine matter of the finest jas-
combined with a peculiar species of ex- JAV’‘EL, Deite Spenser. pers. Encyc.
tractive. Thomson. JARDES, n. [Fr.] Callous tumors on the JAUNCE, v. 7. [Fr. jancer.] To bustle ; to
JAPAN’, v. t. To varnish in the manner of: legs of a horse, below the bend of the jaunt. Obs. Shak.
the Japanese. ham on the outside. Far. Dict. JAUNDICE, n. j'andis. [Fr. jaunisse, from
2. To black and gloss, as in blacking shoes J‘ARGLE, v. 7. To emit a harsh or shrill jaune, yellow.|
or boots. Gay. sound. [Not in use.] Bp. Hall. A disease which is characterized by a suf-
JAPANE/SE, a. Pertaining to Japan or its JARGON, n. (Fr. jargon; It. gergo, ger- fusion of bile over the coats of the eye
inhabitants. gone; Sp. xerga, jargon, and coarse frieze, and the whole surface of the body, by
JAPANE’SE, n. A native of Japan; or the serge. which they are tinged with a yellow color.
language of the inbabitants. 1. Confused, unintelligible talk or language; Hence its name.
JAPAN’‘NED, pp. Varnished in a particular gabble ; gibberish ; cant. JAUNDICED, a. jandised. Affected with
manner. All jargon of the schools. Prior.
the jaundice ; suffused with a yellow col-
JAPAN’NER, n. One who varnishes in the 2. A mineral, usually of a gray or greenish or ; as a jaundiced eye.
manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in white color, in small irregular grains, or
2. Prejudiced; seeing with discolored or-
the art. erystalized in quadrangular prisms sur- gans.
mounted with pyramids,or in octahedrons
2. A shoe-blacker. Pope.
consisting of double quadrangular prisms.
JAUNT. [See Jant.]
JAPAN’NING, ppr. Varnishing in the man-
ner of the Japanese; giving a glossy See Zircon.] Kirwan. JAV’EL, v. t. To bemire ; and as a noun, a
black surface. JARGONELLE, n. jargonel’. A species of] wandering or dirty fellow. Obs.
ear Spenser.
JAPAN’NING, n. The art of varnishing
JAVELIN, n. [Fr. javeline ; It. giavellotto;
and drawing figures on wood or other JARGON'IE, a. Pertaining to the mineral Sp. jabalina, the female of the wild boar,
material, in the manner practiced by the jargon.
and a javelin, from jabali, a wild boar. ]
Japanese. Encye. JARRED, pp. [from jar.] Shaken.
JAPE, v.72. [Ice. geipa.] To jest. Obs. JARRING, ppr. Shaking; making a harsh A sort of spear about five feet anda half
sound ; discordant. long, the shaft of which was of wood, but
Chaucer.
pointed with steel ; used by horse or foot.
JAPE, v. t. [Sax. geap, deceitful.] To cheat. J‘ARRING, n. A shaking; discord; dis-
Every Roman soldier carried seven jav-
Obs. Chaucer. pute ; collision. Burnet.
JAS/HAWK, x2. A young hawk. Ainsworth. elins.
JAPE, n. A jest; atrick. Obs. Chaucer.
JA‘PER, n. A jester. Obs. JASMIN, 2. (Fr. jasmin; Sp. jazmin ; JAW, n. [Fr. joue, the cheek. It coincides
JASMINE, § "It. gelsomino. The Ar. is in origin with chaw, chew, Arm. joaga, to
JAPHET'I¢, a. Pertaining to Japheth, the
eldest son of Noah; as the Japhetic na-
S chew ; javed or gaved, a jaw. In old au-
tions, which people the North of Asia and wlo, Itis sometimes written in Eng- thors, yaw is written chaw. It belongs to
Class Cg. See Chaw and Chew.]
all Europe; Japhetic languages.
lish jessamine.} 1. The bones of the mouth in which the
JAP/U, n. A bird of Brasil that suspends its A plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing beau- teeth are fixed. They resemble a horse
nest.
JAR. v.i. To strike together with a short
tiful flowers. There are several species. shoe. In most animals, the under jaw
The common white jasmin is a climbing only is movable.
rattle or tremulous sound; to strike un-
shrub, rising on supports 15 or 20 feet 2. The mouth.
tunably or harshly ; to strike discordant-
ly; as a jarring sound. high. The name is also given to several 3. In vulgar language, scolding, wrangling,
A string may jar in the best master’s hand. plants of different genera; as the Arabian abusive clamor.
Roscommon. Jasmin, of the genus Nyctanthes; the JAW, v. i. To scold; to clamor. [Vulgar]
2. To clash; to interfere; to act in opposi- bastard Jasmin, of the genus Cestrum, JAW, v. t. To abuse by scolding. [Vul-
tion; to be inconsistent. and also of the genus Lycium; the Per- ar.|
For orders and degrees sian Jasmin, of the genus Syringa; the JAW ED, a. Denoting the appearance of
Jar not with liberty, but well consist. red Jasmin, of the genus Plumeria; the the jaws. Skelton.
Milton. scarlet and yellow Jasmin, of the genus JAW'FALL, n. [jaw and fall.] Depression
3. To quarrel; to dispute ;to clash in words. Bignonia, &c. Encye. of the jaw; figuratively, depression of
Dryden. JAS’PACHATE, n. A name anciently giv- spirits. M. Griffith.
4. To vibrate regularly ; to repeat the same en to some varieties of agate jasper. JAW'FALLEN, a. Depressed in spirits;
sound. Shak. Cyc dejected.
 JEA JEH JER
JAWN, v.i. To yawn. [Not in use. See Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, JEJU/NE, a. [L. jefunus, empty, dry.]
Yawn.) had excellence to deserve our fondness. 1, Wanting ; empty ; vacant. Bacon.
JAW’Y, a. Relating to the jaws. Gayton, Rambler. 2. Hungry ; not saturated.
JAY, n. [Fr. geai; Sp. gayo.] A bird, the 2. Suspicious fear or apprehension.Clarendon. 3. Dry; barren; wanting interesting mat-
Corvus glandarius. Encyc. 3. Suspicious caution or vigilance; an earn- ter; as a jejune narrative.
JAYET. [See Jet.] JEJU/NENESS, n. Poverty; barrenness;
est concern or solicitude for the welfare particularly, want of interesting matter;
JA/ZEL, n. A gem of an azure blue color. or honor of others. Such was Paul’s god-
Qu. Sp. azul, corrupted.] a deficiency of matter that can engage the
ly jealousy for the Corinthians. attention and gratify the mind; as the
JEALOUS, a. jel/us. [Fr. jaloux ; It. geloso. 4. Indignation. God’s jealousy signifies his
The Spanish use zeloso from zelo, zeal; Jjgjuneness of style or narrative. [Jejunity
concern for his own character and goy- is not used.]
but the Italian word seems to be of dis- ernment, with a holy indignation against JEL/LIED, a. [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought
tinct origin from zeal, and to belong to those who violate his laws, and offend to the consistence ofjelly.
Class Gl.] against his majesty. Ps. ]xxix.
1. Suspicious; apprehensive of rivalship ; JEARS, n. In sea-language, an assemblage JEL/LY, n. [Sp. jalea, from L. gelo, to con-
geal. See Gelly.]
uneasy through fear that another has of tackles by which the lower yards ofa 1. The inspissated juice of fruit, boiled with
withdrawn or may withdraw from one ship are hoisted or lowered. Hoisting is sugar.
the affections of a person he loves, or en- called swaying, and lowering is called 2. Something viscous or glutinous; some-
joy some good which he desires to obtain ; striking. 'This word is sometimes writ-
thing of the consistency of jelly ; a trans-
followed by of, and applied both to the ob- ten geers or gears. [See Gear.] Mar. Dict.
ject of love and to the rival. We say. a JEAT, n. A fossil of a fine black color. [See parent sizy substance, obtained from ani-
young man is jealous of the woman he mal substances by decoction ; portable
Jet.| soup.
loves, or jealous of his rival. A man is JEER, v. i. [G. scheren, to rail at, to jeer,
jealous of his wife, and the wife of her JEL’/LYBAG, n. A bag through which jel-
to shear, to shave, D. scheeren, Dan. ly is distilled.
husband. skierer, Sw. skara, Gr. xevpw, without a JENITE, n. A different orthography of
2, Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affec- prefix. These allseem to be of one family, yenite, which see.
tion or respect of others, or that another Class Gr. The primary sense is probably JEN’NET, n. Asmall Spanish horse, prop-
is more loved and respected than our- to rub, or to cut by rubbing; and we use | erl enet.
selves. rub in alike sense; a dry rub, is a keen, JEN/’NETING, n. [said to be corrupted
3. Emulous; full of competition. Dryden. cutting, sarcastic Peutacke| from juneting, an apple ripe in June, or at
4, Solicitous to defend the honor of; con- To utter severe, sarcastic reflections ; to St. Jean.] A species of early apple.
cerned for the character of. scoff; to deride ; to flout; to make a mock Mortimer.
Ihave been very jealous for the Lord God of; as, to jeer at one in sport. Herbert. JEN'NY, x. A machine for spinning, moved
of hosts. 1 Kings xix. JEER, v. t. To treat with scofts or derision.
5. Suspiciously vigilant ;anxiously careful by water or steam and used in manufac-
Howell. tories.
and concerned for. JEER, n. Railing language; scoff; taunt; JENT’LING,
I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. n. A fish, the blue chub,
biting jest; flout ; jibe; mockery ; deri- found in the Danube.
2 Cor. xi.
sion ; ridicule with scorn. JEOFAIL, n. jefifail. (Fr.
j’ai failli, Ihave
6. Suspiciously fearful. Midas exposed to all their jeers, failed.]
°Tis doing wrong creates such doubts as Had lost his art, and kept his ears. Swift. An oversight in pleading or other proceed-
these, JEE/RED, pp. Railed at; derided.
Renders us jealous and destroys our peace. ing at law; or the acknowledgment of a
JEE/RER, n. A scoffer; a railer ; a scorn- mistake. Blackstone.
Waller.
er; a mocker. JEOPARD, v. t. jep'ard. [See Jeopardy.|
JEALOUSLY, adv. jel/usly. With jealousy JEE/RING, ppr. Scofting; mocking ; deri- To hazard; to put in danger ; to expose
or suspicion ; emulously ; with suspicious ding. to loss or injury.
fear, vigilance or caution. JEE/RING, n. Derision. Zebulon and Naphtali were a people that
JEALOUSNESS, n. jel/usness. The state JEE/RINGLY, adv. With raillery ;scorn- jeoparded their lives to the death in the high
of being jealous; suspicion; suspicious fully; contemptuously ; in mockery. places of the field. Judges v.
vigilance. King Charles. Derham. JEOPARDER, n. jep/arder. One who puts
JEALOUSY, vn. jel/usy. [Fr. jalousie; It. JEF/FERSONITE, ». A mineral occur- to hazard.
gelosia.| ring in crystaline masses, of a dark olive JEOPARDIZE, v. t. jep'ardize. To expose
j. That passion or peculiar uneasiness which green color passing into brown, found im-| to loss or injury; to jeopard. [This is a
arises from the fear thata rival may rob us bedded in Franklinite and garnet, in New modern word, used by respectable writers
of the affection of one whom we love, or Jersey. Phillips. in America, but synonymous with jeopard
the suspicion that he has already done it; JEG/GET, n. A kind of sausage. [Vol in and therefore useless. }
or it is the uneasiness which arises from use. Ainsworth. JEOPARDOUS, a. jep’ardous. Exposed to
the fear that another does or will enjoy JEHO/VAH, n. The Scripture name of the; danger; perilous ; hazardous.
some advantage which we desire for our- Supreme Being, Heb. mn. If, as is sup- JEOPARDOUSLY, adv. jep'ardously. With
selves. A man’s jealousy is excited by the posed, this name is from the Hebrew sub- risk or danger.
attentions of a rival to his favorite lady. stantive verb, the word denotes the Prer-! JEOPARDY, n. jep/ardy. [The origin of
A woman’s jealousy is roused by her hus- MANENT Berne, as the primary sense of this word is not settled. Some authors
band’s attentions to another woman. The the substantive verb in all languages, is, suppose it to be Fr. j’at perdu, I have
candidate for office manifests a jealousy to be fixed, to stand, to remain or abide. lost, or jew perdu, a lost game. Tyrwhitt
of others who seek the same office. The This is a name peculiarly appropriate to supposes it to be jew parti, an even game,
jealousy of a student is awakened by the the eternal Spirit, the unchangeable God, or game in which the chances are even.
apprehension that his fellow will bear who describes himself thus, I am ruar I) “Si nous les voyons a jeu parti.” If we
away the palm of praise. In short, jeal- am. Ex. iii. see them at an even game. Froissart, vol.
ousy is awakened by whatever may exalt JEHO'VIST, n. Among critics, one who i. c. 234. But jeopardy may be corrupted
others, or give them pleasures and advan- maintains that the vowel-points annexed from the G. gefahr, danger, hazard; ge-
tages which we desire for ourselves. Jeal- to the word Jehovah in Hebrew, are the fihrden, to hazard, to jeopard. See Fare.)
ousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, proper vowels of the word and express||f}xposure to death, loss or injury ; hazard;
before a good is lost by ourselves, is con- the true pronunciation. The Jehovists are} danger ; peril.
verted into envy, after it is obtained by opposed to the Adonists, who hold that They were filled with water and were in
others. the points annexed to the word Jehovah, jeopardy. Luke viii.
Jealousy is the apprehension of superiority. are the vowels of the word Adonat. JER’BOA, n. A quadruped having very
Shenstone. Encyc. short fore legs.
 JES JET JIB
JERK, v. t. [This is probably the Ch. Heb. 3. A buffoon; a merry-andrew, a person sum, is where they continue swimming ; ligan
Y, to reach, to spit, that is, to throw out formerly retained by princes to make sport is where they are sunk in the sea, but tied to a
for them. cork or buoy. Park. Blackstone.
with a sudden effort, Sax. hrecan, herca.
Ifnot, I know not its origin or affinities. JESTING, ppr. Joking ; talking for diver- JET’TEE, xn. A projection in a building.
It seems to be a different orthography off sion or merriment. JETTY, v. 7. Tojut.
yerk.| . JEST'ING, x. A joking; concise wit; wit JETTY, n. A small pier or projection into
1. To thrust out; to thrust with a sudden that consists in a trope or verbal figure, in a river for narrowing it and raising the
effort ; to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust a metaphorical sense of words, or ina water above that place. Cyc.
or push ; as, to jerk one under the ribs; to double sense of the same word, or in JET’TY, a. Made ofjet, or black as jet.
jerk one with the elbow. : similitude of sound in different words. Prior. Pope.
2. To throw with a quick, smart motion; Encye. JET’TYHEAD, x. The projecting part of
as, to jerk astone. We apply this word to JEST/INGLY, adv. In a jocose manner; a wharf; the front of awharf whose side
express the mode of throwing to a little not in earnest. Herbert. forms one of the cheeks of a dock.
distance by drawing the arm back of the JEST/ING-STOCK, x. A laughing stock ; Mar. Dict.
body, and thrusting it forward against the a butt of ridicule. Googe. JEW, nv. [a contraction of Judas or Judah.]
side or hip, which stops the arm suddenly. JES/UIT, n. s as ~ z. One of the society of} A Hebrew or Israelite.
JERK, v. t. To accost eagerly. [ot in Jesus, so called, founded by Ignatius Loy- JEWEL, n. [It. gioia, joy, mirth, a jewel;
use. | Dryden. ola; a society remarkable for their cun- gioiello, a jewel; Fr. joyau ; Sp. joya, joy-
JERK, n. A short sudden thrust, push or ning in propagating their principles. el; G. juwel; D. juweel. It is trom the
twitch; a striking against something with JES'UITED, a. Conforming to the princi- root of joy. Low L. jocale. Class Cg.]
a short quick motion; as a jerk of the el- ples of the Jesuits. White. 1, An ornament worn by ladies, usually con-
bow. JES'UITESS, x. A female Jesuit in princi- sisting of a precious stone, or set with one
His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson. ple. Bp. Hail. or more ; a pendant worn in the ear.
2. A sudden spring. 2. A precious stone. Shak.
|JJESUIT'TE, Pertaining to the Jesuits
Lobsters swim by jerks. Grew. JESUIT'ICAL, §“ or their principles and 3. A name expressive of fondness. A moth-
JERK/IN, n. A jacket; a short coat; a arts. er calls her child, her jewel.
close waistcoat. Shak. South.| 2. Designing ; cunning ; deceitful; prevari- JEWEL, v. t. To dress or adorn with jew-
2. A kind of hawk. Ainsworth. cating. els. B. Jonson.
JER/SEY, n. [from the ieland so called.] JESUIT’ICALLY, adv. Craftily. JEW’EL-HOUSE, 2. The place where
1. Fine yarn of wool. Johnson. JES'UITISM, n. The arts, principles and JEW’EL-OFFICE, § ™ the royalornaments
2. The finest of wool separated from the practices of the Jesuits. are reposited. Shak.
rest ; combed wool. Bailey. Encye. 2. Cunning ; deceit; hypocrisy; prevarica- JEW’EL-LIKE, a. Brilliant as a jewel.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, n. A plant, tion; deceptive practices to effect a pur- Shak.
a species of Helianthus or Sunflower. | pose. JEW’ELED, pp. Adorned with jewels.
JESS, 2. Short straps of lether tied round JES'UITS’-BARK, n. Peruvian bark ; the JEW’‘ELER, x. One who makes or deals
the legs of a hawk, by which she is held in jewels and other ornaments.
bark of the Cinchona, a tree of Peru.
on the fist. Hanmer. JET, n. [D. git; Fr. jayet; L. gagates.] JEW’ELING, ppr. Adorning with jewels.
2. A ribin that hangs down from a garland! JEW’ELRY, n. Jewels in general.
A solid, dry, black, inflammable fossil sub- JEW’ESS, n. A Hebrew woman. Acts
or crown in falconry. Encye. stance, harder than asphalt, susceptible of} XXiv.
JES‘SAMIN, n. A genus of plants and their) | a good polish, and glossy in its fracture,
flowers. [See Jasmin.] JEW'ISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or He-
| Which is conchoidal or undulating. It is brews. Tit. i.
JES‘SE, n. A large brass candlestick | found not in strata or continued masses,
branched into many sconces, hanging | butin unconnected heaps. It is wrought JEW/ISHLY, adv. In the manner of the
down in the middle of a ehurch or choir. | into toys, buttons, mourning jewels, &c. Jews. Donne.
Cowel. | JEW/ISHNESS, n. The rites of the Jews.
JESS‘ED, a. Having jesses on; @ term in |} Nicholson. Encyc. Martin.
heraldry.
Jet is regarded as a variety oflignite, or JEW'RY, n. Judea ; also, a district inhab-
coal originating in wood. ited by Jews, whence the name of a street
JEST, n. [Sp. and Port. chiste, a witty say- Haiiy. Cleaveland.
ing, a jest or joke; chistoso, gay, face- JET, x. [Fr. jet, It. getto, a cast; probably in London. Chaucer.
tious ; allied perhaps to L. gestio. JEWS-EAR, n. The name of a species of
| from L. jactus, whence Fr. jetter, It. get- Fungus, the Peziza auricula, bearing some
. A joke ; something ludicrous uttered and | tare, to throw.]
meant only to excite laughter. Religion jl. A spout, spouting or shooting of water; resemblance to the human ear.
should never be the subject ofjest. Johnson. Lee.
a jet d’ eau.
~ The object of laughter or sport; a laugh- 2. Ayard. Tusser. Drift; scope. [.Vot in use JEWS-FRANKINCENSE, n. A plant, a
ing stock. , species of Styrax.
or local.) |JEWS-HARP, n. [Jew and harp.] An in-
Then let me be your jest, I deserve it.
Shak.
|JET, v.i. [See the Noun.] To shoot for- strument of music shaped like a harp,
Injest, for mere sport or diversion; not | ward; to skoot out; to project; to jut; to which, placed between the teeth and by
in truth and reality ; not in earnest. i|_ intrude. Shak. means of a spring struck by the finger,
—And given in earnest what I begged peer 2. To strut; to throw or toss the body in gives a sound which is modulated by the
Shak. | haughtiness. Shak. breath into soft melody. It is called also
3. A mask. 3. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. Jews-trump.
4. A deed; an action. Obs. Wiseman. JEWS-MALLOW, n. A plant, a species of
JEST, v.i. To divert or make merry by [This orthography is rarely used. See Corchorus.
words or actions; to joke. Jut.| JEWS-PITCH, n. Asphaltum, which see.
Jest not with a rude man, lest thy ancestors |JETTEAU, xn. jet/‘to. [Fr. jet deau.] A JEWS-STONE, n. The clavated spine ofa
be disgraced. Ecelus. throw or spout of water. Addison. very large egg-shaped sea urchin petrified.
2. To utter in sport; to say whatis not true, |JET’/SAM, [Fr. jetter, to throw.] In It isa regular figure, oblong and rounded,
merely for diversion. |JET/SON, n. law and commerce, proper- about three quarters of an inch in length,
3. To play a part in a mask. Shak.) JET’TISON, ly, the throwing of goods and half an inch in diameter. Its color is
JEST’ER, x. A person given to jesting.| overboard in order to lighten a ship ina a pale dusky gray, with a tinge of dusky
sportive talk and merry pranks. tempest for her preservation. The word red. Hill.
—He rambled up and down may however be used for the goods thus JEZ’EBEL, x. An impudent, daring, vi-
With shallow jesters. Shak. thrown away, or adverbially.
2. One given to sarcasm. tious woman. Spectator.
Jetsam is where goods are cast into the sea, JIB, n. The foremost sail of a ship, being a
Now, as ajester, I accost you. Swift. and there sink and remain under water; flot-| large stay-sail extended from the outer
 JOB JOC Jot
end of the jib-boom towards the fore-top- was a great job to erect Central wharf, in) JOC'UND, a. [L. jocundus, from jocus,2
mast-head. In sloops, it is on the bow- Boston. The mechanic has many small) joke.| Merry ; gay; airy ; lively ; sport-
sprit, and extends towards the lower mast- jobs on hand. ive.
ead. Mar. Dict. 2. A lucrative business; an undertaking Rural sports and jocund strains. Prior.
JIB-BOOM, n. A spar which is run out with a view to profit. JOCUND ITY, State of being merry;
from the extremity of the bowsprit, and No cheek is known to blush nor heart to JO€'UNDNESS, § “ gayety.
which serves as a continuation of it. Be- throb, JOG/UNDLY, adv. Merrily; gayly.
youd thisis sometimes extended the flying- Save when they lose a question or a job. JOG, v. t. (Qu. W. gogi, to shake, or D.
jib-boom. Pope. schokken, to jolt or shake, which seems to
JIBOY’A, n. An American serpent of the 3. A sudden stab with a pointed instrument. be the Fr. choquer, Eng. shock, shake.]
largest kind. (This seems to be nearly the original To push or shake with the elbow or hand;
JIG, n. (It. giga; Fr. gigue.. See Gig.] A sense. } to give notice or excite attention by a
kind oflight dance, or a tune or air. To do the job for one, to kill him. slight push.
2. A ballad. B. Jonson. JOB, v. t. To strike or stab with a sharp in- Sudden I jogged Ulysses. Pope.
JIG, v.i. To dance ajig. f strument. LDEstrange. JOG, v.i. To move by jogs or small shocks,
JIG’GER, n. In sea-language, a machine . To drive in asharp pointed instrument. like those of a slow trot.
consisting of a rope about five feet long, Moxon. So hung his destiny, never to rot,
with a block at one end and a sheave at JOB, v.t. To deal in the public stocks; to While he might still jog on, and keep his trot.
the other, used to hold on the cable when buy and sell as a broker. Milton.
it is heaved into the ship, by the revolution The judge shall job, the bishop bite the town, 2. To walk or travel idly, heavily or slowly.
of the windlass. Mar. Dict. And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Thus they jog on, still tricking, never thriving.
JIG’/GISH, a. Suitable to a jig. Pope. Dryden.
JIG/MAKER, n. One who makes or plays JOB/BER, x. One who does small jobs. JOG, nx. A push; a slight shake; a shake or
jigs. Shak. 2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds ; push intended to give notice or awaken at-
2. A ballad maker. Dekker. usually called a stock-jobber. Swift. tention. When your friend falls asleep at
JIG’PIN, n. A pin used by miners to hold 3. One who engages in a low, lucrative af- church, give him a jog.
the turn-beams, and prevent them from fair. 2. A rub; asmall stop; obstruction.
turning. Cyc. JOB/BERNOWL, n. [said to be from Flem- Glanville.
JILL, n. A young woman ; in contempt. ish jobbe, dull, and Sax. knol, head or top.] JOG'GER, n. One who walks or moves
[See Gill.] A loggerhead ; a blockhead. [.4 low word.] heavily and slowly.
JILL-FLIRT, x. A light wanton woman. Hudibras.| 2. One who gives a sudden push.
Guardian. JOB’S-TEARS, n. A plant of the genus JOGGING, ppr. Pushing slightly.
JILT, n. [of uncertain etymology.] A wo- Coix. JOG'GING, n. A slight push or shake.
man who gives her lover hopes and ecapri- JOCK’EY, n. [said to be from Jackey, a di- JOG’GLE, v. t. [from jog.] To shake slight-
ciously disappoints him; a woman who minutive of Jack, John; primarily, a boy ly ; to give a sudden bui slight push.
trifles with her lover. Otway. that rides horses. ] JOG’/GLED, pp. Slightly shaken.
2. A name of contempt for a woman. 1. A man that rides horses in a race. JOG/GLING, ppr. Shaking slightly.
Pope. Addison. JOHANNES, n. (John, latinized.] A Por-
JILT, v. t. To encourage a lover and then 2. A dealer in horses ;one who makes it his tuguese gold coin of the value of eight
frustrate his hopes; to trick in love ; to business to buy and sell horses for gain. dollars ; contracted often into joe; as ajoe,
give hopes to a lover and then reject him. Hence, or halfjoe. It is named from the figure
Dryden. 3. A cheat; one who deceives or takes un- of king John, which it bears.
JILT, v. 7%. To play the jilt; to practice de- due advantage in trade. JOHN‘APPLE, n. A sort of apple, good for
ception in love and discard lovers. JOCKEY, v. t. To cheat; to trick; to de- spring use, when other fruit is spent.
Congreve. ceive in trade. Mortimer.
JIM’MERS, n. Jointed hinges. Bailey. 2. To jostle by riding against one. Johnson. JOIN, v. t. [Fr. joindre ; It. giuenere ; from
JIN'GLE, v. 7. (Qu. Ch. and Syr. 33, sata JOCK/EYSHIP, n. The art or practice of L. jungo, jungere; jungo for jugo; Sp.
riding horses. Cowper. and Port. juntar, to join; L.jugum; Eng.
little bell; or Persian Bey zank, a lit- JOCO'SE, a. [L.jocosus, from jocus, a joke. } yoke ; Gr. Svyos and evyos, a yoke, anda
tle brass ball or bell. It may be allied to 1. Given to jokes and jesting ;merry ;wag- pair; Svyow, to yoke ; Zevyrvus, to join; Ch.
jungle.) gish ; used of persons.
To sound with a fine sharp rattle ;_to clink ;2. Containing a joke; sportive; merry; as av; Syr. “001 zug; Ar. ras to join,
as jingling chains or bells. jocose or comical airs. Watts.
JIN'GLE, v.t. To cause to give a sharp JOCO'SELY, adv. In jest; for sport or to couple, to marry, to pair; Eth. H@7
sound, as a little bell or as pieces of me- game; waggishly. Broome. zog,a pair, asin Arabic. It signifies also
tal. O€O/SENESS, n. The quality of being In Syriac, to rage, to cry out; showing that
The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. jocose; waggery ; merriment. [Jocosity is the primary sense is to strain, to stretch,
Pope. not used. | to extend, precisely as in span.]
JIN/GLE, n. A rattling or clinking sound, JOCO-SE/RIOUS, a. Partaking of mirth 1. To set or bring one thing in contiguity
as of little bells or pieces of metal. and seriousness. Green. with another.
2. A little bell or rattle. JOCULAR, a. [L. jocularis, from jocus, a Woe to them that join house to house, that
lay field to field. Is. y.
3. Correspondence of sound in rhymes. joke.|
Dryden. 1. Jocose ;waggish ; merry ; given to jest- 2. To couple; to connect; to combine ; as,
JIN/GLING, ppr. Giving a sharp fine rat- ing ; used of persons. to join ideas. Locke.
tling sound, as a little bell or as pieces of 2. Containing Jokes ; sportive ; not serious; 3. To unite in league or marriage.
metal. as a jocular expression or style. Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in
JIP’PO, n. [Fr. jupe.] A waistcoat or kind JOCULAR ITY, n. Merriment ; jesting. abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. 2 Ch.
xviii.
of stays for females. Brown. What God hath joined together, let not man
JOB, n. [of unknown origin, but perhaps JOEGULARLY, adv. In jest; for sport or put asunder, Matt. xix,
allied to chop, primarily to strike or drive.] mirth. Bp. Lavington. = . To associate.
1. A piece of work; any thing to be done, JOC/ULARY, a. Jocular. [ot in use.] Go near and join thyself to this chariot. Acts
whether of moreor less importance. The “Ash. Bacon. vul.
carpenter or mason undertakes to build a JOC'ULATOR, n. [L.] A jester ; a droll; 5. To unite in any act.
house by the job. The erection of West- a minstrel. Strutt. Thy tuneful voice with numbers join.
minster bridge was a heavy job; and it JOC'ULATORY, a. Droll; merrily said. | Dryden.
 JO! JOK JOS
6. To unite in concord, ‘ Out of joint, luxated; dislocated ; as when \JOLE, n. [sometimes written jowl; Sax.
the head of a bone is displaced from
But that ye be perfectly joined together in the ceole, the jaw or cheek; Ir. gial. Qu. Arm.
same mind, and in the same judgment. 1 Cor. 1. its socket. Hence figuratively, confused; chagell, contracted. |
The phrase, to join battle, is probably ellip- disordered ; misplaced. 1. The cheek ; used in the phrase, cheek by
tical, for join in battle; or it is borrow- JOINT, a. Shared by two or more: asjoint | jole, that is, with the cheeks together,
ed from the Latin, committere pralium, to property. | close, téte a téte. Dryden.
send together the battle. ; : 2. United in the same profession ; having 2. The head of a fish. Pope.
In general, join signifies to unite two entire an interest in the same thing; as a joint-| JOLE, v.t. To strike the head against
things without breach or intermixture, by heir or heiress. | any thing; to clash with violence. [.Vot
contact or contiguity, either temporary or | 3. United ;combined; acting in concert; as, | used.] Shak.
permanent. It differs from connect, which a joint torce ; joint efforts ; joint vigor. JOL/LILY, adv. [See Jolly.] With noisy
signifies properly, to unite by an interme- JOINT, v.¢. To form with joints or articu-|| mirth ; with a disposition to noisy mirth.
diate substance. But join, wnite, and con- lations ; used mostly in the participle ; as the! Dryden.
nect are often used synonymously. fingers are jointed ; a cane has a jointed JOL/LIMENT, x. Mirth; merriment. Obs.
JOIN, v.i. To grow to; to adhere. The stalk. Spenser.
place where two bones of the body join, 2. To form many parts into one; as jointed JOL’LINESS, [from jolly.] Noisy mirth ;
is called a joint or articulation. wood. Dryden. JOL/LITY, ,™ vayety 3 merriment ; fes-
2. To be contiguous, close or in contact ; as 3. To cut or divide into joints or quarters. tivity.
when two houses join. Dryden. All was now tumed to jollity and game.
3. To unite with in marriage, league, con- JOINT’ED, pp. Formed with articulations, Milton.
federacy, partnership or society. Russia as the steim ofa plant. 2. Elevation of spirit; gayety.
and Austria joined in opposition to Buona- 2. Separated into joints or quarters. He with a proud jollity commanded him to
parte’s ambitious views. Men join in JOINT’ER, n. A long plane, a joimer’s | leave that quarrel for him who was only wor-
great undertakings, and in companies for utensil. thy to enter into it. Sidney.
trade or manufacture. They goin in en- JOIN T’-HEIR, n. [joint and heir.| An heir [This word in America is not now applied to
tertainments and amusements. They join having a joint interest with another. Rom. respectable company.)
in benevolent associations. It is often fol- Vili. JOL’LY, a. [Fr. jolt, pretty ; It. giulivo, joy-
lowed by with. JOINT’LY, adv. Together ; unitedly ; in ful, merry. Qu. Sax. geola, gehol, a feast,
Any other may join with him that is injured, concert ; with cooperation. the yule, or feast of the nativity.]
and assist him in recovering satisfaction. 2. With union of interest; as, to be jointly iF Merry; gay; lively ; full of life and mirth;
Locke. concerned in a voyage.
Should we again break thy commandments, jovial. It expresses more life and noise
and join in affinity with the people of these
JOINT’RESS, nx. A woman who has ajoint- than cheerful ;as a jolly troop of hunts-
abominations? Ezra ix. ure. Blackstone.|| men. Shak.
JOINT/STOOL, n. A stool consisting of [It is seldom applied in colloquial usage
JOIN‘DER, n. A joining; as a joinder in parts inserted in each other. South.
demurrer. Blackstone. |JOINT-TEN‘ANCY, x. [joint and tenant.] to respectable company. We rarely say
JOIN/ED, pp. Added; united; set or fas- | A tenure of estate by unity ofinterest, ti- of respectable persons, they are jolly. It
tened together; associated ; confederated.|, is apphed to the young and the vulgar.]
tle, time and possession. Blackstone. 2)
JOLN/ER, x. One whose cecupation is to JOINT-TEN’/ANT, n. [joint and tenant.] |~< Expressing mirth or inspiring it.
construct things byjoining pieces of wood ; One who holds an estate by joint-tenancy. And with his jolly pipe delights the groves.
but appropriately and usually, a mechan-| JOINT’URE, n. [Fr.] An estate in lands or Prior.
The coachman is swelled into jolly dimen-
ic who does the wood-work in the cover- tenements, settled on a woman in consid- sions by frequent potations of malt liquors.
ing and finishing of buildings. This is eration of marriage, and which she is to Irving.
the true and original sense of the word in enjoy atter her husband’s decease.
Great Britain and in New England. This 3. Exciting mirth and gayety ; as jolly May.
Blackstone. Dryden.
person is called in New York,a carpenter. JOINT’URE, v. t. To settle a jointure upon.
{See Carpenter] 4. Like one in high health; pretty. South.
Cowley. JOL/LY-BOAT, n. A small boat belonging
JOIN/ERY, n. The art offitting and join- JOINT'URED, pp. Endowed with a joint-
ing pieces oftimber in the construction of toaship. [Sw. julle, a yawl.]
ure.
utensils or parts of a building, so as to etek [Scot. geist or gest. Qu. Fr. gesir, JOLT, v. 7. To shake with short abrupt ris-
form one entire piece. ings and fallings ; as a carriage moving on
to lie. rough ground. The carriage jolts.
JOIN/HAND, x. Writing in which letters A small piece of timber, such as is framed J OLT, v. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as
are joined in words; as distinguished into the girders and summers of a build- in a carriage on rough ground, or on a high
from writing in single letters. Addison. ing to support a floor. Encye. trotting horse; as the horse or carriage
JOINING, ppr. Adding; making contigu- JOIST, v. t. To fit in joists; to lay joists. jolts the rider.
ous ; uniting ; confederating. JOKE,n. [L. jocus ; Dan. giek, a joke ; giek- \JOLT, n. A shock or shake by a sudden
JOINT, n. [Fr. joint ; Sp. junta, juntura: It. ker, to joke; Sw. gécka, to ridicule; G. jerk, as in a carriage. Swift.
giuntura ; L.junctura. See Join.] schiikern.] JOLTER, n. He or that which jolts.
1. The joining of two or more things. 1. A jest; something said for the sake of ex- JOLTHEAD, n. A greathead ; a dunce; a
2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more citing a laugh; somethmg witty or sport- | blockhead. Shak.
bones ; an articulation; as the elbow, the ive;raillery. A jealous person will rarely JJOLTING, ppr. Giving sudden jerks or
knee, or the knuckle. bear a joke. shakes.
3. A knot; the union of two parts ofa plant; 2. An illusion; something not real, or to no |
JON’ QUIL, n. [Fr. jonquille ; It. giunchiglia;
or the space between two joints; an in- purpose. giunco, L. juncus, a rush, and It. gigho, a
ternode; as the joint of a cane, or of a Inclose whole downs in walls, *tis all a joke / lily. It is sometimes called the rush leafed
stalk of maiz. Pope. daffodil.}
_ A hinge; a juncture of parts which ad- In joke, in jest; for the sake of raising a A plant of the genus Narcissus or daffodil,
mits of motion. laugh ; not in earnest. bearing beautiful flowers, of various col-
on The place where two pieces of timber are JOKE, v. 7. [L. jocor.] 'To jest; to be merry ors, yellow and white. Encyc.
united. in words or actions. JOR/DEN, x. A vessel for chamber uses.
fan) In joinery, straight lines are called a joint, JOKE, v.t. To rally; to cast jokes at; to Swift.
when two pieces of wood are planed. make merry with. JO/SO, n. A small fish of the gudgeon kind.
Moxon. JO/KER, n. A jester; a merry fellow. JOS’TLE, v. t. jos’/l. [Fr. jouter, for jouster;
s!. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by Dennis. It. giostrare ; Sp. justar. Written also jus-
the butcher. JO/KING, ppr. Jesting ; making merry with. tle.] To run against; to push,
 JOU JOY JUB
JOS’TLED,
pp. Run against; pushed. Wewhether by the month, year or other term. __ I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab.
say, a thing is jostled out ofits place. It is applied only to mechanics in their ui.
JOS’TLING, ppr. Running against; push- own occupations. OY, v.t. To give joy to; to congratulate ;
ing. JOUR/NEY-WORK, n. Work done for hire to entertain kindly.
JOS’TLING, n. Arunning against ; acrowd- by a mechanic in his proper occupation. 2. To gladden; to exhilarate.
ing. [This word is never applied to farming. | My soul was joyed in vain. Pope.
JOT, n. [Gr. wra, Ch. Heb. yod, Syr. yudh, JOUST. [See Just.] 3. [Fr. jouir.] To enjoy; to have or possess
the name of the letter > or 2.] JOVE, n. [L. Jovis, gen. of Jupiter, Gr. Zevs.] with pleasure, or to have pleasure in the
An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quan- 1. The name of the Supreme Deity among possession of, [Little used. See Enjoy.]
tity assignable. the Romans. Milton. Dryden.
Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tit- 2. The planet Jupiter. JOY'ANCE, n. [Old Fr. joiant.] Gayety ;
tle shall in no wise pass from the law till all Or ask of yonder argent fields above festivity. Obs. Spenser.
shall be fulfilled. Matt. v. Why Jove’s satellites are less than Jove.” JOY’ED, pp. Gladdened ; enjoyed.
A man may read much, and acquire not a jot Pope. JOY’FUL, a. Full of joy; very glad; ex-
of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser. 3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of the ulting.
Anon. air. My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is. Ixi.
JOT, v. t. To set down; to make a memo- And Jove descends in showers of kindly rain. Rarely, it has ofbefore the cause ofjoy.
Dryden. Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.
randum of.
JOT’ TING, n. A memorandum. Todd.
JO/VIAL, a. [from Jove, supra.] Under the Pope
JOUIS/SANCE, n. [Fr-.] Jollity ;merriment. influence of Jupiter, the planet. JOY/FULLY, adv. With joy; gladly. %
—The fixed stars astrologically differenced by Never did men more joyfully obey.
[.Vot in use.] Spenser. the planets, and esteemed Martial or Jovial ac- Dryden.
JOURNAL, n. jur/nal. [Fr. journal ; It. cording to the colors whereby they answer these JOY'FULNESS, m. Great gladness; joy.
giornale, from giorno, a day ; Corn.jurna ; planets. Brown. Deut. xxviii.
W. diurnod ; L. diurnum. ‘This was orig- JO'VIAL, a. [Fr. and Sp. id.; It. gioviale;
JOY’LESS, a. Destitute of joy; wanting
inally an adjective, signifying daily, as in probably from the root of giovane, young, oy.
Spenser and Shakspeare ; but the adject- or from that of joy. Ifit is from Jove, it } With downcast eyes the joyless victor sat.
ive is obsolete.] : must be from the sense of airy or fresh.] Dryden.
1. A diary; an account ofdaily transactions 1. Gay; merry; airy; joyous; jolly; as a Rarely followed by of; as joyless of the
and events; or the book containing such jovial youth ; a jovial throng. grove. Dryden.
account. 2. Expressive of mirth and hilarity. 2. Giving no joy or pleasure.
2. Among merchants, a book in which every His odes are some of them panegyrical, oth- A joyless, dismal, black and sorrowful issue.
particular article or charge is fairly enter- ers moral, the rest are jovial or bacchanalian. Shak.
ed from the waste book or blotter. Dryden. JOY’/LESSLY, adv. Without joy. Milton.
3. In navigation, adaily register of the ship’s JO'VIALIST, n. One who lives a jovial life. JOY’LESSNESS, n. State of being joyless.
course and distance, the winds, weather, Hall, Donne.
and other occurrences. JO/VIALLY, adv. Merrily; gayly; with JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeur.] Glad; gay:
4. A paper published daily, or other news- noisy mirth. merry; joyful. :
paper; also, the title of abook or pamph- JO/VIALNESS, n. Noisy mirth; gayety. Joyous the birds ; fresh gales and gentle airs
let published at stated times, containing an JOWL, n. The cheek. [See Jole.] Whispered it. Milton.
account of inventions, discoveries and im- JOWL‘ER, n. The name ofa hunting dog. 2. Giving joy.
provements in arts and sciences; as the beagle or other dog. Dryden. They, all as glad as birds of joyous prime—
Journal de Savans; the Journal of Sci- JOW’TER, n. A fish driver. Carew. Spenser.
ence. JOY, n. [Fr. joie; It. giota; Arm. joa, con- It has of, before the cause ofjoy.
tracted ; G. jauchzen, to shout; D. juichen, And joyous of our conquest early won.
JOURNALIST, n.jur/nalist. The writer of Dryden.
a journal or diary. to rejoice; Sp. gozo; Port. id. This word
JOURNALIZE, v. t. jur/nalize, To enter in belongs to the Class Cg, and its radical JOY’/OUSLY, adv. With joy or gladness.
JOY’/OUSNESS, n. The state of being joy-
a journal. sense is probably, to shout, or to leap, or
ous.
JOURNEY, n.jur'ny. (Fr. journée, a day or to play or sport, and allied perhaps to joke
JUB, n. A bottle or vessel. Obs. Chaucer.
day’s work; [t. gvornata, a day; Sp. jor- and juggle. |
nada, a journey, or travel of a day; It. 1, The passion or emotion excited by the ac- JU'BILANT, a. [L. jubilans. See Jubilee.]
quisition or expectation of good; that ex-
Uttering songs of triumph; rejoicing;
giorno, a day, from L, diuraus, dies.] shouting with Joy.
1. The travel ofa day. Obs. Milton. citement of pleasurable feelings which is While the bright pomp ascended jubilant.
2. Travel by land to any distance and for caused by success, good fortune, the grat- Milton.
any time, indefinitely ;as a journey from ification of desire or some good possessed, JUBILA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. jubilatio.
London to Paris,orto Rome ; a journey to or by a rational prospect of possessing See Jubilee.] The act of declaring tri-
visit a brother; a week’s journey; we what we love or desire ; gladness; exult- umph.
made two journeys to Philadelphia. ation; exhilaration ofspirits. JUBILEE, n. [Fr. jubilé; L. jubtlum, from
3. Passage from one place to another; as a Joy is a delight of the mind, from the con- jubilo, to shout for joy; Sp. jubileo; It.
long journey from the upper regions. sideration of the present or assured approaching
possession of a good. Locke. giubbileo; Heb. b> or Say, the blast of a
Burnet. trumpet, coinciding with Eng. bawl, peal,
—Peace,
4. It may sometimes include a passing by Bring heavenly balm to heal my country’s L. pello.]
water. wounds, =i. Among the Jews, every fiftieth year, be-
JOURNEY, v. 7. jur’ny. To travel from Joy to my soul and transport to my lay. ing the year following the revolution of
place to place; to pass from home to a dis- D. Humphrey. seven weeks of years, at which time all
tance. 2. Gayety; mirth; festivity. the slaves were liberated, and all lands
Abram journeyed, going on still towards the The roofs with joy resound. Dryden. which had been alienated during the
south. Gen. xii. YS Tlappiness ; felicity. whole period, reverted to their former
JOUR'NEYING, ppr. Traveling ; passing Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her owners. This was atime of great rejoic-
from place to place. joy:
j ‘ Dryden.
ing. Hence,
JOUR/NEYING, n. A traveling or passing 4. A glorious and triumphant state. ~ A season of great public joy and festivity.
from one place to another; as the jour- —Who for the joy that was set before him, en- Milton.
neyings of the children of Israel. dured the cross. Heb. xii.
3. A church solemnity or ceremony celebra-
JOUR/NEYMAN, xn. [jowney and man.) 5. The cause of joy or happiness. ted at Rome, in which the pope grants
Strictly, a man hired to work by the day, For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess. ii. plenary indulgence to sinners, or to as
but in fact, any mechanic who is hired to 6. A term of fondness; the cause of joy. many as visit the churches of St. Peter and
work for another in his employment, JOY, v.% To rejoice; to be glad; to exult. St. Paul at Rome. Encyc.
 JUD JUD JUD
JUCUND ITY, n. [L. jucunditas, from ju- on the bench, but could not judge in the She,in my judgment, was as fair as you.
cundus, sweet, pleasant.] case. Shak.
Pleasantness; agreeableness. [Little wsed.] The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. 8. In Scripture, the spirit of wisdom and pru-
Brown. Xvi. dence, enabling a person to discern right
JUDA‘TE€, Pertaining to the Jews. . To discern; to distinguish; to consider and wrong, good and evil.
JUDAICAL, :gs Milner. accurately for the purpose of forming an Give the king thy judgments, O God. Fs.
JUDA‘IGALLY, adv. After the Jewish opinion or conclusion. XXIL.

Judge in yourselves ; is it comely that a wo- 9. A remarkable punishment; an extraor-

manner. Milton. man pray unto God uncovered? 1 Cor. xi. dinary calamity inflicted by God on sin-
JUDAISM, n. [Fr. judaisme, from Judah JUDGE, v. t. To hear and determine a case ; ners.
whence Jew.] to examine and decide. Judgments are prepared for scorners. Proy.
1. The religious doctrines and rites of the Chaos shall judge the strife. Milton. xix. Is, xxvi.
Jews, as enjoined inthe laws of Moses. oT o try ; to examine and pass sentence on. 10. The spiritual government of the world.
Judaism was a temporary dispensation. Take ye him and judge him according to The Father hath committed alljudgment to
2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and cere- your law. John xviii. the Son. John v. 7
monies. Encyc. God shall judge the righteous and the wick- \ll. The righteous statutes and command-
WU'DAIZE, v. 7. [Fr.judaiser, from Judah.] ed. Eccles. iii. ments of God are called his judgments.
To conform to the religious doctrines and 3. Rightly to understand and discern. Ps. exix. in
rites of the Jews. He thatis spiritual, judgeth all things. 1 12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God’s
They—prevailed on the Galatians to judaize Cor. ii. word. Matt. xi.
so far as to observe the rites of Moses in vari- 4. To censure rashly ; to pass severe sen- 13. Justice and equity. Luke xi. Is. i.
ous instances. Milner. tence. 14. The decrees and purposes of God con-
JU'DAIZER, n. One who conforms to the Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vil. cerning nations. Rom. xi.
religion of the Jews. Macknight. 5. To esteem; to think; to reckon. 15. A court or tribunal. Matt. v.
JU'DAIZING, ppr. Conforming to the doc- If ye have judged me to be faithful to the}| 16. Controversies, or decisions of controver-
trines and rites of the Jews. Lord— Acts xvi. sies. 1 Cor. vi.
JU'DAS-TREE, n. A plant of the genus 6. Torule or govern. 17. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Matt.
Cercis. The Lord shall judge his people. Heb. x. xii.
JUD/DOCK, n. A small snipe, called also 7. To doom to punishment; to punish. 18. The final trial of the human race, when
Jack-snipe. I will judge thee according to thy ways. God will decide the fate of every individ-
JUDGE, n. [Fr.juge; Sp. juez; Port. juiz ; Ezek. vil. ual, and award sentence according to jus-
It. giudice ; L. judex, supposed to be com- JUDG’ED, pp. Heard and determined ; tried tice.
pounded of jus, law or right, and dico, to judicially ; sentenced ; censured ; doomed. For God shall bring every work into judg-
pronounce. “ Hine judex, quod jus dicat JUDG‘ER, n. One who judges or passes ment, with every secret thing, whether it be
accepta potestate.” Varro.} sentence. good, or whether it be evil. Eccles. xii.
i. A civil officer who is invested with au- JUDGESHIP, n. judj’ship. The office of a Judgment of God. Formerly this term was
thority to hear and determine causes, judge. applied to extraordinary trials fof secret
civil or criminal, between parties, accord- JUDGING, ppr. Hearing and determining; crimes, as by arms and single combat, by
ing to his commission; as the judges of forming an opinion ; dooming. ordeal, or hot plowshares, &c.; it being
the king’s bench, or of the common pleas; JUDGMENT, nv. [Fr.jugement.] The act imagined that God would work miracles
judges of the supreme court, of district of judging; the act or process of the to vindicate innocence.
courts, or of a county court. The judge mind in comparing its ideas, to find their JUDG/MENT-DAY, n. 'The last day, or day
of a court of equity is called a chancellor. agreement or disagreement, and to ascer- when final judgment will be pronounced
2. The Supreme Being. tain truth; or the process of examining on the subjects of God’s moral govern-
Shall not the judge of all the earth do right? facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety ment.
Gen. xviii. and justice; or the process of examining JUDG/MENT-HALL, n. The hall where
3. One who presides in a court of judica- the relations between one proposition and courts are held.
ture. another. Locke. Encye. Johnson. JUDG/MENT-SEAT, n. The seat or bench
4. One who has skill to decide on the merits . The faculty of the mind by which man is on which judges sit in court.
ofa question, or on the value of any thing; enabled to compare ideas and ascertain 2. A court; a tribunal.
one who can discern truth and propriety. the relations of terms and propositions ; We shall all stand before the judgment-seat
Aman who is no judge of law, may be a good as a man of clear judgment or sound judg- of Christ. Rom. xiv.
judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits ment. The judgment may be biased by JU'DICATIVE, a. Having power to judge.
of a painting. Dryden. prejudice. Judgment supplies the want of] Hammond.
uu. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, certain knowledge. JU'DICATORY, a. Dispensing justice.
with civil and military powers. The Is- 3. The determination of the mind, formed JU'DICATORY, n. [L. judicatorium.] A
raelites were governed by judges more from comparing the relations of ideas, or court of justice ; a tribunal. Atterbury.
than three hundred years, and the history the comparison of facts and arguments. 2. Distribution of justice. Clarendon.
of their transactions is called the book of In the formation of our judgments, we JU'DI€ATURE, n. [Fr.] The power of
Judges. should be careful to weigh and compare distributing justice by legal trial and deter-
6. A juryman or juror. In criminal suits, all the facts connected with the subject. mination. A court of judicature is a court
the jurors are judges of the law as well as 4. In law, the sentence or doom pronounced invested with powers to administer justice
of the fact. in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge between man and man.
JUDGE, v. i. [Fr. juger; L. judico; It. or court by which itis tried. Judgment 2. A court of justice; ajudicatory. South.
giudicare ; Sp. juzgar.] may be rendered on demurrer, on a ver- JUDICIAL, a. Pertaining to courts of jus-
1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive dict, on a confession or default, or ona tice; as judicial power.
their agreement or disagreement, and thus non-suit. Judgment, though pronounced 2. Practiced in the distribution ofjustice; as
to distinguish truth from falsehood. by the judge or court, is properly the de- judicial proceedings.
Judge not according to the appearance. John termination or sentence of the law. A 3. Proceeding from a court of justice ; as a
vu. pardon may be pleaded in arrest of judg- judicial determination.
rw). To form an opinion; to bring to issue the ment.
4. Issued by a court under its seal; as a ju-
reasoning or deliberations of the mind. . The right or power of passing sentence. dicial writ.
If Idid not know the originals, I should not Shak. 5. Inflicted, asa penalty or in judgment; as
be able to judge, by the copies, which was Vir- 6. Determination; decision. judicial hardness of heart ; a judicial pun-
gil and which Ovid. Dryden. Let reason govern us in the formation of our ishment.
»2. To hear and determine, as in causes on judgment of things proposed to our inquiry. JUDI’CIALLY, adv. In the forms of legal
trial; to pass sentence. He was present . Opinion ; notion. justice ; asasentence judicially declared.
Vol.
 JUG JUL JUN
2. By way of penalty or judgment; as, to be 2. A cheat; a deceiver; a trickish fellow. | flower of the genus Hesperis; and the
judicially punished. : Shak. stock July-flower of the genus Cheiranthus.
JUDICIARY, n. [Fr. judiciaire ; L. judicia- JUG/GLING, ppr. Playing tricks by slight [See Gilly-flower.] Lee.
rius.| of hand ; deceiving. JU’MART, xn. [Fr.] The offspring of a bull
1. Passing judgment or sentence. Boyle. JUG’/GLING, n. The act or practice of ex- and a mare. Locke.
2. Pertaining to the courts of judicature or hibiting tricks of legerdemain. JUM’BLE, v. t. [Chaucer, jombre.] To mix
legal tribunals. JUG’/GLINGLY, adv. In a deceptive man- in a confused mass; to put or throw to-
JUDICIARY, n. That branch of govern- ner. gether without order. Itis often followed
ment which is concerned in the trial and JU/GULAR, a. [L. jugulum, the neck, either by together.
determination of controversies between from jugum, a yoke, or from its radical One may observe how apt that is to jumble
parties, and of criminal prosecutions; the sense, to extend, to join. See Join.] together passages of Scripture. Locke.
system of courts of justice in a govern- Pertaining to the neck or throat ; as the ju- JUM’BLE, v. i. To meet, mix or unite in a
ment. An independent judiciary is the gular vein. confused manner. Swift.
firmest bulwark of freedom. JU'GULAR, n. A large vein of the neck. JUM’BLE, n. Confused mixture, mass or col-
United States. JUICE, ;n. juse. [D. guys ; Fr. jus. The reg- lection without order. Swift.
JUDI’CIOUS, a. [Fr. judicieur; It. giudi- JUSE, ular orthography is juse.] JUM’BLED, pp. Mixed or collected in a con-*
cioso.| The sap of vegetables ; the fluid part of ani- fused mass.
1. According to sound judgment: wise; mal substances. Encye. JUM’BLEMENT, 2. Confused mixture.
prudent; rational; adapted to obtain a JUICE, v. t. To moisten. [Vot in use.
good end by the best means ; used of things. JUICELESS, a. ju/seless. Destitute of JUM’BLER, a. One who mixes things in
Nothing is more important to success in juice ; dry ; without moisture. More. confusion.
the world than a judicious application of| JUICINESS, n. ju/siness. The state of JUM'BLING, ppr. Putting or mixing in a
time, unless it may be a judicious expend- abounding with juice; succulence in confused mass.
iture of money. plants. JUMENT, n. [Fr. from L. jumentum, a
2. Acting according to sound judgment; JUICY, a. ju’sy. Abounding with juice ; beast.]
possessing sound judgment; wise ; direct- moist; succulent. Bacon. Abeast of burden. [JVot used.]} Brown.
ed by reason and wisdom; used of per- JUISE, n. [L. jus.] Judgment; justice. Obs. JUMP, v.i. [Qu. the root ofIt. zampillare,
sons; asa judicious magistrate; a judi- Gower. to spring.]
cious historian. U/JUB é Onis 1. To leap; to skip; to spring. Applied to
JUDI/CIOUSLY, adv. With good judg- sUsUbE, ,n. (L. zizyphum; Pers. *,93 525:] men, it signifies to spring upwards or for-
ment; with discretion or wisdom; skill- wards with both feet, in distinction from
fully. The name ofa plant and of its fruit, which hop, which signifies to spring with one
Tonisicius has judiciously preferred the sub- is pulpy and resembles a small plum. The foot. A man jumps over a ditch; a beast
lime genius that sometimes errs, to the mid- jumps over a tence. A man jumps upon a
plant is arranged under the genus Rham-
dling or indifferent one, which makes few faults, horse; a goat jumps from rock to rock.
but seldom rises to excellence. Dryden. nus. The fruit was formerly used in pec-
toral decoctions, but it is now in little repu-| 2. To spring over any thing; to pass to at
JUDI/CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of act- a leap.
ing or being according to sound judg- tation. Encyc. Miller.
JUKE, v. i. [Fr.jucher.] To perch. [Not Here, upon this bank and shelve of time,
ment. We'd jump the life to come. Shak.
JUG, n. [Junius mentions the Danish jugge, used.|
Ce We see a little, presume a great deal, and so
an urn or water-pot, and the Sax. has ceac, JU‘LEP, n. [Ar. wv X= julabon; Pers. id.; jemp to the conclusion. Spectator.
Low L. caucus. Qu.) 3. To bound ; to pass from object to object;
A vessel, usually earthen, with a swelling Fr. julep ; It. giulebbo.] to jolt.
belly and narrow mouth, used for holding In pharmacy, a medicine composed of some The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and
and conveying liquors. Swift. proper liquor and a sirup of sugar, of ex of the prancing horses, and of the jumping
JUG/GLE, v. 7%. _{D. guichelen or goochelen ; temporaneous preparation, serving as a chariots. Nahum iii.
G. gaukeln; It. giocolare; Dan. gégler, vehicle to other forms of medicine. 4. To agree; to tally; to coincide.
to juggle; giekker, to joke; Sw. géck,a Encyc. Quincy. In some sort itjumps with my humor.
jester ;gacka, to mock, to make sport; L. JU/LIAN, a. Noting the old account of the Shak.
joculor, to jest, from jocus, a joke ; jocor, to [This use of the word is now vulgar, and
year, as regulated by Julius Cesar, which in America, I think, is confined to the sin-
joke, which coincides with the Sp. and continued to be used till 1752, when the
Port. jugar, to play, to sport; Fr. jouer, gle phrase, to jump in judgment.]
Gregorian year, or new style, was adopted.
contracted. It is certain that joke and Julian Alps, called also Carnian, between JUMP, v. t. To pass by a leap; to pass over
jocular, and probable that joy, are from the eagerly or hastily; as, to jump a stream.
Venetia and Noricum. D Anville. [But over is understood.}
same root as juggle; perhaps Ch. yn
hukk, or chuk, to laugh, to play, to sport. JU‘LIS, n. A small fish with a green back. JUMP, n. The act of jumping; a leap; a
Class Gk. No. 18.] JU'LUS, n. [Gr. covros, a handful or bundle.] spring; a bound.
. To play tricks by slight of hand ; to amuse 1. In botany, a catkin or ament, a species 2. A lucky chance. Shak.
and make sport by tricks, which make a of calyx or inflorescence, consisting of| JUMP, n. [Fr. jupe; It. giubba.] A kind of
false show of extraordinary powers. chaffy scales arranged along a stalk, as in loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn
by females.
2. To practice artifice or imposture. hazle, birch, willow, &c. Martyn.
JUMP, adv. Exactly ; nicely. Obs.
Be these juggling fiends no more believed. 2. A genus of multiped insects, of the order
Shak. of Apters, of asemi-cylindrical form, with Hooker.
moniliform antenne, and two articulated JUMP’ER, x. One who jumps.
JUG'GLE, v. t. To deceive by trick or arti- JUMP/ING, ppr. Leaping; springing;
fice. palpi. Eneye.
bounding.
Is’t possible the spells of France should juggle JULY’, x. The seventh month ofthe year, JUNC€/ATE, n. [It. giuncata, cream cheese ;
Men into such strange mockeries ? Shak. during which the sun enters the sign Leo. Fr. jonchée de créme, a kind of cream
JUG/GLE, n. A trick by legerdemain. It is so called from Julius, the surname of} cheese served in a frail of green rushes,
2. An imposture ; a deception. Tillotson. Caius Cesar, who was born in this month. and for that reason so called, or because
JUG’GLER, x. [Sp.juglar; Fr. jongleur ; Before that time, this month was called made in a frail or basket of rushes; L.
It. giocolatare ; D. guicheler.] Quintilis, or the fifth month, according to juncus, a rush.]
1. One who practices or exhibits tricksby the old Roman calendar, in which March 1. A cheese-cake; a kind of sweetmeat of
slight of hand; one who makes sport by was the first month of the year. eurds and sugar. Johnson.
tricks of extraordinary dexterity, by which JULY-FLOWER, n. The name of certain 2. Any kind of delicate food. Milton.
the spectator is deceived. Jugglers are species of plants. The clove July-flower is 3. A furtive or private entertainment. [Ft
punishable by Jaw. of the genus Dianthus; the queen’s July- is now written junket.]
 JU WN ayer JUS
JUNG/OUS, a. [L. junceus or juncosus, from||1. Primarily, a select council or assembly, tice through the laws, by the meanis
juncus, a rush.] which deliberates in secret on any affair which the laws have provided for that
Full of bulrushes. [Zitlle used.J of government. In a good sense, it is not purpose. Jurisdiction, is limited to place
JUN€'TION, n. {Fr. from L. junctio, from used in English ; but hence, or territory, to persons, or to particular
jungo, to join.] ; 2. A cabal; a meeting or collection of men subjects. Du Ponceau.
1. The act or operation of joining; as the combined for secret deliberation and in- JURISDICTIONAL, a. Pertaining to ju-
junction of two armies or detachments. trigue for party purposes ; a faction ; as a risdiction ; as jurisdictional rights.
2. Union; coalition ;combination. junto of ministers. Gulliver. JURISDIC’TIVE, a. Having jurisdiction.
3. The place or point of union. JUPITER, mn. [L. the air or heavens; Milton.
JUNe’TURE, n. [L. junctura ; Sp. juntura ; Jovis pater. | JURISPRU/DENCE, n. [Fr. from L. juris-
It. giuntura; from L. jungo, to join.] 1. The supreme deity among the Greeks prudentia; jus, law, and prudentia, sci
1. A joining; union; amity; as the juncture and Romans. ence.}
of hearts. [Little used.] King Charles. 2. One of the superior planets, remarkable The science of law; the knowiedge of the
2. A union of two bodies ; a seam ; particu- for its brightness. Its diameter is about laws, customs and rights of men in a
larly, a joint or articulation. Encyc. eighty-nine thousand miles; its distance state or community, necessary for the due
3. The line or point at which two bodies from the sun, four hundred and ninety administration of justice. The study ot
are joined. Boyle. millions of miles, and its revolution round jurisprudence, next to that of theology, is
4. A point of time; particularly, a point the sun a little less than twelve years. the most important and useful to men.
rendered critical or important by a con- JUPPON’, n. [Fr.jupon; It. giubbone.] A JURISPRU/DENT, a. Understanding law.
currence of circumstances. Addison. short close coat. Dryden. West.
JUNE, n. [L junius ; Fr. juin ; It. giugno; JU/RAT, n. [Fr. from L. juratus, sworn, JURISPRUDEN’TIAL, a. Pertaining to ju-
Sp. junio.] from juro, to swear.] risprudence. Ward.
The sixth month of the year, when the sun In England, a magistrate in some corpora- JURIST, n. [Fr. juriste ; It. giurista ;Sp.
enters the sign Cancer. tions; an alderman, or an assistant to a jurista; from L. jus, juris, Jaw.)
JUN/GLE, n. [Hindoo.] In Hindoostan, a bailiff. Encye. 1. A man who professes the science oflaw ;
thick wood of small trees or shrubs. JU/RATORY, a. [Fr. juratoire, from L. one versed in the law, or more particu-
Asiat. Res. juro, to swear. | larly, in the civil law; a civilian. Bacon.
JUN/GLY, a. Consisting of jungles; a- Comprising an oath; as juratory caution. 2. One versed in the law of nations, or who
bounding with jungles. Ibm. [Lattle used.} Ayliffe. writes on the subject.
JUNIOR, a. [L. from juvenis, young ; quasi, JURIDICAL, a. [L. juridicus ;jus, juris, JU'ROR, n. [L. jurator; or rather juro, to
juvenior.| law, and dico, to pronounce. | swear. |
Younger; notas old as another; asa ju- 1. Acting in the distribution of justice ; per- One that serves on a jury; one sworn to
nior partner in a company. It is applied taining to a judge. deliver the truth on the evidence given
to distinguish the younger of two persons }2. Used in courts of law or tribunals of jus- him concerning any matter in question or
bearing the same name in one family or tice. Hale. on trial.
town, and opposed to elder ; as John Doe JURID/I€ALLY, adv. According to forms JURY, n. [Fr. juré, sworn, L. juro, to
junior. of law, or proceedings in tribunals of jus- swear.]
JU/NIOR, n. A person younger than an- tice ; with legal authority. A number of freeholders, selected in the
other. JURISCON'SULT, n. [(L. juris consultus; manner prescribed by law, empanneled and
The fools, my juniors by a year— — Swift. jus and consultus, consulo, to consult.] sworn to inquire into and try any matter
JUNIOR/ITY, n. The state of being junior. Among the Romans, a man learned in the of fact, and to declare the truth on the
Bullokar. law ; a counselor at law; a master of Ro- evidence given them in the case. Grand
JUNIPER, n. [L. juniperus ; It. ginepro ; man jurisprudence, who was consulted on juries consist usually of twenty four free-
Fr. genevre ; Sp. enebro.} the interpretation of the laws. Encyc. holders at least, and are summoned to try
A tree or shrub bearing berries of a bluish JURISDI€’TION, n. [Fr. from L. jurisdic- matters alledged in indictments. Petty
color, of a warm, pungent, sweet taste, juries, consisting usually of twelve men,
tio; jus, juris, law. and dictio, from dico, attend courts to try matters of fact in civil
yielding when fresh, by expression, a to pronounce ; It. giuridizione ; Sp. juris-
rich, sweet, aromatic juice. They are causes, and to decide both the law and
diccione ; Port. jurisdicam.]
useful carminatives and stomachics. The 1. The legal power or authority of doing the fact in criminal prosecutions. The
wood of the tree is of areddish color, hard decision of a petty jury is called a ver-
justice in cases of complaint; the power
and durable, and is used in cabinet work dict.
of executing the Jaws and distributing jus-
and veneering. The oil of juniper mixed JU/RYMAN, n. One who is empanneled on
tice. Thus we speak of certain suits or
with that of nuts makes an excellent var- a jury, or who serves as ajuror.
actions, or the cognizance of certair
nish; and the resin powdered is used un- crimes being within the jurisdiction ofa JURY MAST, n. A mast erected in a ship
der the name of pounce. Encye. court, that is, within the limits of their to supply the place of one carried away
JUNK, n. [L. juncus, It. giunco, Sp. junco, authority or commission. Inferior courts in a tempest or an engagement, &c. The
Fr. jonc, a bulrush, of which ropes were have jurisdiction of debt and trespass, or most probable origin of the word jury, in
made in early ages.] of smaller offenses; the supreme courts this compound, is that proposed by Thom-
1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used have jurisdiction of treason, murder, and son, viz. from the Fr. jour, day, quasi,
for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and other high crimes. Jurisdiction is secular jouré, temporary, or from L. juvare, to
when untwisted and picked to pieces, it or ecclesiastical. assist.
forms oakum for filling the seams ofships. 2.~ Power of governing or legislating. The JUST, a. (Fr. juste; Sp. justo; It. giusto;
Mar. Dict. legislature of one state can exercise no L. justus. The primary sense is probably
2, Asmall ship used in China; a Chinese jurisdiction in another. straight or close, from the sense of set-
vessel. [.4n eastern word.] 3. The power or right of exercising author- ting, erecting, or extending.]
JUNK/ET, n. [See Juncate.] A sweetmeat. ity. Nations claim exclusive jurisdiction 1. Regular; orderly ;due ; suitable.
When all
Shak. on the sea, to the extent of a marine
The war shall stand ranged in its just array.
2. A stolen entertainment. league from the main land or shore. Addison.
JUNHW/ET, v. i. To feast in secret; to make 4. The limit within which power may be 2, Exactly proportioned ; proper.
an entertainment by stealth. Swift. exercised. Pleaseth your lordship
2. To feast. Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the To meet his grace, just distance *tween our
Job’s children junketed and feasted together power to make, declare or apply the law; armies ? Shak.
often. South. when confined to the judiciary depart- 3. Full; complete to the common standard.
JUN’TO, n. [Sp. junta, a meeting or coun- ment, it is what we denominate the judi- He was a comely personage, a little above
cil, from L. junctus, joined ; It. giunto.] cial power, the right of administering Jus-! just stature. Bacon.
 JUS
4. Full; true; a sense allied to the preced-
ing, or the same.
—So that once the skirmish was like to have
come to a just battle. Knolles.
5. In a moral sense, upright ;honest; having
principles of rectitude ; or conforming ex-
actly to the laws, and to principles of rec-
titude in social conduct; equitable in the
distribution of justice ; as a just judge.
6. In an evangelical sense, righteous; reli-
gious; influenced by a regard to the laws
of God; or living in exact conformity to
the divine will.
There is not a just man on earth, that doeth
good, and sinneth not. Eccles. vii. 3. Equity; agreeableness to right; as, he
7. Conformed to rules of justice ; doing equal proved the justice of his claim. This
justice.
Just balances, just weights, a just ephah and 4. Vindictive retribution;
a just hin shall ye have. Ley. xix.
8. Conformed to truth; exact; proper; ac-
curate ; as just thoughts; just expressions ; 5.
just images or representations; a just
description ; a just inference. 6.
9. True ; founded in truth and fact ; as a just
charge or accusation.
10. Innocent; blameless ;without guilt.
How should man be just with God? Job ix.
11. Equitable ;due ;merited; as a just rec-
ompense or reward.
—Whose damnation is just. Rom. iii.
12. True to promises; faithful; as just to
one’s word or engagements.
13. Impartial ; allowing what is due ; giving
fair representation of character, merit or
demerit.
JUST, adv. Close or closely ;near or near-
ly, in place. He stood just by the speak-
er, and heard what he said. He stood
JUS JU T
and consists in distributing to every man tion from guilt and punishment; or an
that right or equity which the laws and act of free grace by which God pardons
the principles of equity require; or in de- the sinner and accepts him as righteous,
ciding controversies according to the laws on account of the atonement of Christ.
and to principles of equity. “Commutative JUSTIFICATIVE, a. Justifying; that has
justice consists in fair dealing in trade power to justify.
and mutual intercourse between man and JUSTIFI€A/TOR, n. One who justifies.
man. Little used.]
2. Impartiality ;equal distribution of right JUST/IFIER, n. One who justifies; one
in expressing opinions; fair representa- who vindicates, supports or defends.
tion of facts respecting merit or demerit. 2. He who pardons and absolves from guilt
In criticisms, narrations, history or dis- and punishment.
course, it is a duty to do justice to every _That he might be just, and the justifier of
man, whether friend or foe. Pa ee TE ati g Rom. iii.
> v.t. [Fr. justifier ; Sp. justificar;
It. giustificare; L. iene fiat and vine
should, in strictness, be justness. to make.]
merited punish- 1 To prove or show to be just, or conform-
ment. Sooner or later, justice overtakes able to law, right, justice, propriety or
the criminal. duty; to defend or maintain; to vindi-
Right; application of equity. His arm cate as right. We cannot justify disobe-
will do him justice. dience or ingratitude to our Maker. We
[Low L. justiciarius.] A person commis- cannot justify insult or incivility to our
sioned to hold courts, or to try and decide fellow men. Intemperance, lewdness, pro-
controversies and administer justice to faneness and dueling are in no case to be
individuals ; as the Chief Justice of the justified.
king’s bench, or of the common pleas, 2. In theology, to pardon and clear from
in England; the Chief Justice of the su- guilt; to absolve or acquit from guilt and
preme court in the United States, &c. merited punishment, and to accept as
and justices of the peace. righteous on account of the merits of the
JUSTICE, v. t. To administer justice. Savior, or by the application of Christ’s
[Little used.] Bacon. atonement to the offender. St. Paul.
\JUST/ICEABLE, a. Liable to account in a 3. 'To cause another to appear comparatively
court of justice. [Zattle used.| Hayward. righteous, or less guilty than one’s self.
JUST/ICER, n. An administrator ofjustice. Ezek. xvi.
[Little used.] Bp. Hall. 4. To judge rightly of.
JUST/ICESHIP, n. The office or dignity] _ Wisdom is justified by her children. Matt.
of a justice. Swift.| Xi.

just at the entrance of the city. JUSTI’CIARY, [L. justiciarius.] An 5. 'To accept as just and treat with? favor.
2. Near or nearly in time; almost. Just at JUSTI’CIAR, administrator of just- James ii.
that moment he arose and fled. ice. Burke. JUSTIFY, v. i. In printing, to agree; to
3. Exactly ; nicely; accurately. They re- 2. A chief justice. Blackstone. suit ;to conform exactly ; to form an even
main just of the same opinion. 3. One that boasts of the justice of his own surface or true line with something else.
°Tis with our judgments as our watches; act. [Vol used.] Dering. Types of different sizes will not justify
none JUSTIFIABLE, a. [from justify.] That with each other.
Go just alike, yet each believes his own. may be proved to be just; that may be JUS’TLE, v. i. jus‘l. [See Jostle and Just.]
Pope. vindicated on principles of law, reason, To run against; to encounter; to strike
4. Merely; barely; exactly. rectitude or propriety ; defensible ; vindi- against ; to clash.
—And having just enough, not covet more. cable. No breach of law or moral obli- The chariots shall rage in the streets; they
Dryden. gation is justifiable. The execution of a shall justle one against another in the broad
5. Narrowly. He just escaped without in- ways. Nah. ii.
malefactor in pursuance of a sentence of]
jury. JUS’TLE, v. t. jus/l. To push; to drive; to
court, is justifiable homicide.
JUST, n. [Fr. jouste, now joule ; Sp. justa; JUST/IFIABLENESS, n. The quality of force by rushing against; commonly fol-
Port. id.; It. giostra ; probably from the lowed by off or out; as, to juslle a thing
being justifiable ; rectitude ; possibility of off the table, or owt of its place.
root of jostle or justle. The primary sense being defended or vindicated.
is to thrust, to drive, to push.] JUST’LY, adv. [from just.] In conformity
King Charles.
A mock encounter on horseback ; a combat JUSTIFIABLY, to law, justice or propriety ;by right. The
adv. In a manner that
for sport or for exercise, in which the admits of vindication or justification;
offender is justly condemned. 'The hero
combatants pushed with lances and rightly. is justly rewarded, applauded or hon-
swords, man to man, in mock fight; a JUSTIFICATION, n. [Fr. from justifier,
ored.
tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments. to justify.] 2. According to truth and facts. His char-
acter is justly described.
Encye. 1. The act of justifying; a showing to be
JUST, v. v. [Fr. jouter; Sp. and Port. jus-|| just or conformable to law, rectitude or 3. Honestly; fairly ; with integrity; as, to
tar; It. giostrare.] do justly. Mic. vi.
propriety ; vindication; defense. The 4. Properly ; accurately ; exactly.
1. To engage in mock fight on horseback. court listened to the evidence and argu- Their feet assist their hands, and justly beat
2. To push; to drive; to justle. ments in justification of the prisoner’s con- the ground. Dryden.
JUSTICE, n. [Fr.; Sp. justicia; It. gius- duct. Our disobedience to God’s com- JUST/NESS, n. Accuracy; exactness; as
tizia; from L. justitia, from justus, just.) mands admits no justification. the jusiness of proportions.
2. The virtue which consists in giving to 2. Absolution. 2. Conformity to truth; as the Justness ofa
every one what is his due; practical con- I hope, for my brother’s justification, he wrote description or representation.
formity to the laws and to principles of} this but as an essay of my virtue. Shak.
5. Justice ;reasonableness; equity; as the
rectitude in the dealings of men with \3. In law, the showing ofa sufficient reason justness of a cause or of ademand. [Just-
each other; honesty; integrity in com- in court why a defendant did what he is ness is properly applied to things, and
merce or mutual intercourse. Justice is called to answer. Pleas in justification Justice to persons; but the distinction is
distbutive or commutative. Distributive must set forth some special matter. not always observed. ]
justice belongs to magistrates or rulers, ‘4, In theology, remission of sin and absolu-
JUT, v. i. [a different spelling ofjet.] To
 K AL K EC KEE
JUXTAPOS ITED, a. [L. jurta, near, and
shoot forward; to project beyond the|jJU/VEN ILE, a. [L. juvenilis, from juvenis, posited.| Placed near; adjacent or con-
main body; as the jutting part of a build- young, |
ing. A point of land juts into the sea. 1. Young; youthful; as juvenile years or tiguous. Macquer.
JUT, n. A shooting forward; a projection. age. UXTAPOSI''TION, xn. [L. jucrta, near,
JUT’TING, ppr. Shooting out; projecting. 2. Pertaining or suited to youth; as juvenile and position.]|
JUT’TY, v.t. To jut. [Not used.] Shak. sports. A placing or being placed in nearness or
contiguity ; as the parts of a substance or
JUT’TY, n. A projection ina building ; also, JOVENILITY, 2. Youthfulness ; youthful
a pier or mole. i age. Glanville. of a composition. The connection of
t=)
words is sometimes to be ascertained by
JUT-WINDOW, n. A window that projects 2. Light and careless manner ; the manners
from the line of a building. or customs of youth. Glanville. juxtaposition.

K.
KAL/MIA, n. The name of a genus of ever- it from the friction of a rocky bottom, or
K, the eleventh letter of the English Al- green shrubs, natives of N. America, call- from the ice. Mar. Dict.
phabet, is borrowed from the Greeks, be- ed laurel, ivy-bush, calico-bush, &c. KECK’'SY, n. [Qu. Fr. cigue, L. cicuta. It
ing the same character as the Greek KAM, a. [W. cam.] Crooked. [Jot used.] is said to be commonly pronounced kez.|
kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. Shak. Hemlock; a hollow‘jointed plant. [.Vot used
It represents a close articulation, formed KAN, In Persia, an officer answering in America. ] Shak.
by pressing the root of the tongue against KAUN, }n. to a governor in Europe or KECK’Y, a. Resembling a kex.
the upper part of the mouth, with a de- KHAN, America. Among the Tartars, 2. An Indian scepter. Grew.
pression of the lower jaw and opening of| a chief or prince. [See Khan.] KEDGE, n. [allied probably to cag and keg.|
the teeth. It is usually denominated a KANGAROO,, n. A singular animal found A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady
guttural, but is more properly a palatal. in New Holland, resembling in some res- when riding im a harbor or river, and par-
Before all the vowels, it has one invariable} pects the opossum. It belongs to the ge- ticularly at the turn of the tide,tokeep her
sound, corresponding with that of c, be- nus Didelphis. It has a small head, neck clear of her bower anchor, also to remove
fore a, 0 and wu, as in keel, ken. In mono- and shoulders, the body increasing in her from one part of a harbor to another,
syllables, it is used after c, as in crack, thickness to the rump. ‘The fore legs are being carried out in a boat and let go, as
check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a very short, useless in walking, but used in warping or kedging. [Sometimes writ-
correct pronunciation in the derivatives, for digging or bringing food to the mouth. ten kedger.| Mar. Dict.
cracked, checked, decked, cracking, for with- The hind legs, which are long, are used in KEDGE, v. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move
out it, c, before the vowels e and 7, would moving, particularly in leaping. Encye. by means of a kedge, as in a river.
be sounded like s. KA/OLIN, x. A species of earth or variety KED/LACK, n. A weed that grows among
Formerly, k was added to c, in certain ofclay, used as one of the two ingredients wheat and rye; charlock. [J believe not
words of Latin origin, as in musick, pub- in the oriental porcelain. The other in- used in America. | Tusser. Johnson.
lick, republick. But in modern practice, k gredient is called in China petunse. Its KEE, plu. of cow. [Local in England and
is very properly omitted, being entirely color is white, with a shade of gray, yel- not used in America. | Gay.
superfluous, and the more properly, as it low or red. Encye. Cleaveland. KEECH, n. A mass or lump. [JVot in use.}
is never written in the derivatives, music- KAR/AGANE, n. A species of gray fox Percy.
al, publication, republican. It is retained found in the Russian empire. Tooke. KEEL, n. [Sax. cele; G. and D. kiel; Dan.
in traffick, as in monosyllables, on account KARPH’OLITE, n. [Gr. xappos, straw, and kiil, kiol ;Russ. kil ; Sw. kol; Fr. quille:
of the pronunciation of the derivatives, 200s, a stone.] Sp. quilla ; Port. quilha. The word, in dif-
trafficked, trafficking. A mineral recently discovered. It has a ferent languages, signifies a keel, a pin,
K is silent before n, as in know, knife, knee. fibrous structure and a yellow color. kayle, and a quill; probably from extend-
As a numeral, K stands for 250; and with Werner. Cleaveland. ing.|
a stroke over it, thus, K, for 250,000. KA/TA, n. In Syria, a fowl of the grous 1. The principal timber in a ship, extending
This character was not used by the ancient from stem to stern at the bottom, and sup-
kind.
Romans, and rarely in the later ages o KAW, v.7i. [from the sound.] To ery asa porting the whole frame. Mar. Dict.
their empire. In the place of k, they used raven, crow or rook. Locke. 2. A low flat-bottomed vessel, used in the
c, as in clino, for the Greek xawew. In the KAW, n. The cry of the raven, crow or river Tyne, to convey coals from Neweas-
Teutonic dialects, this Greek letter is rook. Dryden. tle for loading the colliers.
sometimes represented by kh. [See H] KAWN, xn. In Turkey, a public inn. 3. In botany, the lower petal of a papiliona-
ceous corol, inclosing the stamens and
KAALING, a. A bird, a species of starling, KAYLE, n. [Fr. quille, a nine-pin, a keel.] pistil. Martyn.
found in China. 1. A nine-pin, a kettle-pin ;sometimes writ- False keel, a strong thick piece of timber,
KAB’BOS, n. A fish of a brown color, with- ten keel. Sidney. Carew. bolted to the bottom of the keel, to pre-
out scales. . A kind of play in Scotland, in which nine
iw)
serve it from injury.
KALE, n. [L. caulis; W. cawl.] Sea-cale, holes ranged in threes, are made in the On an even keel, in a level or horizontal po-
an esculent plant of the genus Crambe. ground, and an iron ball rolled in among sition.
KAL’/ENDAR, n. [See Calendar.] them. Johnson. KEEL, v. t. [Sax. celan.] To cool. Obs.
KECK, v. i. [G. kéken.] To heave the stom- Gower.
KA/LE, n. [Ar. ahs the ashes of the ach; to reach, as in an effort to vomit. KEEL, v. t. To plow with a keel; to navi-
- [Little used.] Bacon. Swift. gate. J. Barlow.
Salicornia, from hs kalai, to fry.]
KECK, n. A reaching or heaving of the 2. To turn up the keel ; to show the bottom.
stomach. Cheyne. Shak.
A plant, a species of Salsola, or glass-wort, KECK’LE, v.t. (Qu. G. kugeln, to roll.] To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it.
the ashes of which are used in making To wind old rope round a cable to pre- Shak.
glass. Hence alkali, which see. serve its surface from being fretted, or to KEE’LAGE, x. Duty paid for a ship enter-
KA'LIF, n. [See Calif-] wind iron chains round a cable to defend ing Hartlepool, Eng.
 KEE KEE K EE
KEE’LED, a. In botany, carinated; having |4. To preserve from falling or from danger; Fo keep under, to restrain; to hold in sub-
a longitudinal prominence on the back ; to protect; to guard or sustain. jection ; as, to keep wnder an antagonist or
as a keeled leaf, calyx ornectary. Martyn. And behold, I am with thee, and will keep a conquered country; to keep under the
KEE'LFAT, n. [Sax. celan, to cool, and thee. Gen. xxviii. Luke iv. appetites and passions.
fat, vat.] 5. To hold or restrain from departure; to To keep up, to maintain; to prevent from
A cooler; a vessel in which liquor is set for detain. falling or diminution; as, to keep up the
cooling. [Not used.] —That I may know what keeps me here with price of goods ; to keep up one’s credit.
KEE/LHAUL, ». t. [D. kielhaalen ; keel and you. Dryden. 2. To maintain; to continue ; to hinder from
6. To tend; to have the care of. ceasing.
haul.] And the Lord God took the man and put him
To haul under the keel of a ship. Keel- in the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. In joy, that which keeps up the action is the
hauling is a punishment inflicted in the Gen. ii. desire to continue it. Locke.
Dutch navy for certain offenses. The of- 7. To tend; to feed; to pasture ; as, to keep To keep out, to hinder from entering or tak-
fender is suspended by a rope from one a flock of sheep or a herd of cattle in a ing possession.
yard arm, with weights on his legs, and a yard or in a field. He keeps his horses on To keep bed, to remain in bed without rising;
rope fastened to him, leading under the oats or on hay. to be confined to one’s bed.
ship’s bottom to the opposite yard arm, 8. To preserve in any tenor or state. Keep To keep house, to maintain a family state.
and being let fall into the water, he is a stiff rein. His income enables him to keep house.
drawn under the ship’s bottom and raised Keep the constitution sound. Addison. 2. To remain in the house; to be confined.
on the other side. Mar. Dict. 9. To regard; to attend to. His feeble health obliges him to keep
KEE/LING, n. A kind of small cod, of While the stars and course of heaven I keep— house.
which stock fish is made. Dryden. To keep from, to restrain; to prevent ap-
KEELSON, n. kel/son. A piece of timber in wy)To hold in any state ; as, to keep in or- proach.
a ship, laid on the middle of the floor tim- er. To keep a school, to maintain or support it ;
bers over the keel, fastened with long 11. 'To continue any state, course or action ; as, the town or its mhabitants keep ten
bolts and clinched, ana thus binding the as, to keep silence; to keep the same road schools ; more properly, to govern and in-
floor timbers to the keel. Mar. Dict. or the same pace; to keep reading or talk- struct or teach a school, as a preceptor.
KEEN, a. [Sax. cene; G. kithn; D. koen; ing; to keep a given distance. KEEP, v.i. To remain in any state; as,
properly, bold, stout, eager, daring, from 12. To practice ; to do or perform; to obey; to keep at a distance; to keep aloft ;to keep
shooting forward. Class Gn.] to observe in practice ; not to neglect or near; to keep in the house ; to keep before
1. Eager; vehement; as hungry curs too violate ; as, to keep the laws, statutes or or behind ; to keep in favor ; to keep out of
keen at the sport. Tatler. commandments of God. Scripture. company, or out of reach.
The sheep were so keen on the acorms— 13. To fulfill; to perform; as, to keep one’s 2. To last; to endure; not to perish or be
DLEstrange. word, promise or covenant. impaired. Seek for winter’s use apples
2. Eager; sharp; as akeen appetite. 14. To practice; to use habitually; as, to that will keep.
3. Sharp; having a very fine edge; as a keep bad hours. Pope. If the malt is not thoroughly dried, the ale it
keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. 15. To copy carefully. makes will not keep. Mortimer.
We say a keen edge, but a sharp point. Her servant’s eyes were fix’d upon her face, 3. 'To lodge; to dwell; to reside for a time.
4. Piercing ; penetrating ; severe ; applied And as she moved or turned, her motions Knock at the study, where, they say, he keeps.
to cold or to wind; as a keen wind; the viewed, Shak.
cold is very keen. Her measures /ept, and step by step pursued. To keep to, to adhere strictly ;not to neglect
5. Bitter ; piercing ; acrimonious; as keen Dryden. or deviate from; as, to keep to old cus-
satire or sarcasm. 16. To observe or solemnize. toms ; to keep to arule ; to keep to one’s word
Good father cardinal, cry thou amen, Ye shall keep it a feast to the Lord. Ex. xii.
or promise.
To my keen curses. Shak.||17. To board; to maintain; to supply with!/7> keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to
KEEN, v. t. To sharpen. [Unusual.] necessaries oflife. ‘The men are kept at a continue to advance. Dryden.
Thomson. moderate price per week. To keep up, to remain unsubdued ; or not to
KEE'NLY, adv. Eagerly ;vehemently. 18. To have in the house; to entertain; as, be confined to one’s bed.
2. Sharply ; severely; bitterly. to keep lodgers. In popular language, this word signifies to
KEE/NNESS, n. Eagerness; vehemence; 19. To maintain ; not to intermit ; as, to keep continue ; to repeat continually ; not to
as the keenness of hunger. watch or guard. cease.
2, Sharpness ; fineness ofedge ; as the keen- 20. To hold in one’s own bosom ; to confine KEEP, n. Custody; guard. [Little used.j
to one’s own knowledge ; not to disclose Dryden.
ness ofa razor. or communicate to others ; not to betray; 2. Colloquially, case; condition; as in good
3. The quality of piercing; rigor; sharp-
as, to keep a secret; to keep one’s own keep. English.
ness; as the keenness of the air or of cold.
4. Asperity; acrimony ; bitterness ; as the counsel. 3. Guardianship; restraint. [Little wsed.]
keenness of satire, invective or sarcasm.
21. To have in pay; as, to keep a servant. Ascham.
5. Acuteness; sharpness; as the keenness o
To keep back, to reserve ; to withhold; not to 4, A place of confinement ; in old castles,
diselose or communicate. tbe dungeon.
wit. ,
I will keep nothing back from you. Jer. xlii.
KEEP, v. t. pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan, 2. To restrain; to prevent from advancing. KEE/PER, n. One who keeps; one that
Keep back thy servant also from presumptu- holds or has possession of any thing.
Syr. [a5 kaba, Eth. Ofl akab, to 2. One who retains in custody ; one who has
ous sins. Ps. xix.
keep. Class Gb. No. 68.85. The word 3. To reserve ; to withhold; not to deliver. the care of a prison and the custody of
coincides in elements with have, L. habeo, Acts v. prisoners.
and capio, but I think the radical sense to To keep company with, to frequent the soci- 3. One who has the care of a park or other
be different.] ety of; to associate with. Let youth keep inclosure, or the custody of beasts; as the
1. To hold; to retain in one’s power or pos- company with the wise and good. keeper of a park, a pound, or of sheep.
session; not to lose or part with; as, to 2. To accompany; to go with; as, to keep 4, One who has the care, custody or super-
keep a house or a farm; to keep any thing company with one on a journey or voyage. intendence of any thing.
in the memory, mind or heart. To keep down, to prevent from rising ; not to In Great Britain, the keeper of the great seal,
9. To have in custody for security or pres- lift or suffer to be raised. is a lord by his office, and one ofthe privy
ervation. To keep in, to prevent from escape; to hold council. All royal grants, commissions and
The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hun- charters pass through his hands. He is
gary, was always /ept in the castle of Vice- in confinement.
grade. Knolles. 2. To conceal; not to tell or disclose.
constituted lord-keeper by the delivery of
3. To preserve ; to retain. 3. To restrain; to curb. Locke. the great seal. The keeper of the privy
The Lord God, merciful and gracious, keep- To keep off, to hinder from approach or at- seal is also a lord by bis office, and a mem-
ing mercy for thousands— Ex. xxxiv. tack ; as, to keep off an enemy or an evil. ber of the privy council.
 KEN KER KEY
KEE/PERSHIP, n. The office of a keeper. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.) 1. The edible substance contained in thie
{Little used.] Carew. KEN’NEL, n. [It. canale ; Fr. canal; Eng. shell of a nut. More.
KEE’PING, ppr. Holding ; restraining ; channel. ] 2. Any thing included in a shell, husk or in-
preserving ; guarding ; protecting; per- 1. The water-course of a street; a little ca- tegument ; a grain or corn; as a kernel of
forming. ; nal or channel. wheat or oats.
KEE’PING, n. A holding; restraint; cus- 2. A puddle. The seed of pulpy fruit; as the kernel of
tody ;guard; preservation. KENNEL, v. 7. To lodge; to lie;todwell; an apple. Bacon.
2. Feed ; fodder. The cattle have good as a dog or a fox. - The central part of any thing; a small
keeping. j 4 ‘ The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. mass around which other matter is con
3. In painting, a representation of objects in TL’Estrange. creted ; a nucleus. Arbuthnot.
the manner they appear to the eye at dif- KEN’NEL, v. t. To keep or confine in a |5. A hard concretion in the flesh.
ferent distances from it. kennel. Tailer. KERN’EL, v. i. To harden or ripen into
KEEPSAKE, . Any thing kept, or given to KEN’‘NING, xn. View; sight. Bacon. kernels ; as the seeds of plants.
be kept for the sake of the giver; a token KEN’TLE, n. [W. cant, a hundred; L. KERN‘ELLY, a. Full of kernels ;resem-
of friendship. centum.| bling kernels.
KEF’FEKIL, n. A stone, white or yellow, In commerce, a hundred pounds in weight; KER’SEY, n. [D. kerzaai; Fr. cariset ;Sp.
which hardens in the fire, and of which as a kentle of fish. [It is written and pro- carised. |
Turkey pipes are made. Nicholson. nounced also quintal.] A species of coarse woolen cloth; a coarse
KEG, n. (Fr. caque.] A small cask or bar- KENT’LEDGE, n. In seamen’s language, stuff made chiefly in Kent and Devon-
rel; written more correctly cag. pigs of iron for ballast laid on the floor of shire in England. Encye.
KELL, n. A sort of pottage. [Vol used in a ship. Mar. Dict. || KERVE, v. t. To carve. [Not used.]
America. Ainsworth. KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep. |KERV’ER,
| zn. A carver. [Not used.}
KELL, n. The caul or omentum. [See KERB-STONE, KIRB-STONE. [See KE/SAR, xn. [from Con An emperor.
Caul, the usual orthography of the word.] Curb-stone.] Obs. Spenser.
Wiseman. |KER/CHIEF, x. [contracted from cover- KES’TREL, x. A fowl! of the genus Falco,
2. The chrysalis of the caterpillar. B. Jonson. chief; Fr. couvrir, to cover, and chef, the or hawk kind; called also stannel and
KELP, n. [Ar. and Pers.] The calcined ash- head. Chaucer.] windhover. It builds in hollow oaks, and
es of sea weed, used in the manufacture 1. A head dress; a cloth to cover the head.
feeds on quails and other small birds.
of glass. This is a dark colored alkaline Shak.
Encye.
substance, which, in a furnace, vitrifies and 2. A cloth used in dress. Hayward.
becomes transparent. Encye. The word is now seldom used, except in its KETCH, x. [Fr. quaiche ;G. and D. kits.]
KELP’Y, n. An imaginary spirit of the wa- compound, handkerchief, and sometimes A vessel with two masts, a main and miz-
ters, in the form of a horse. [Local and neckerchief. en-mast, usually from 100 to 250 tons bur-
vulgar.|
KEL’SON. [See Keelson.]
KER/CHIEFED, 2 Dressed; hooded ;
KER'CHIEFT, §“ covered. Milton.
| den. Ketches are generally used as yachts
or as bomb-vessels. The latter are called
KELT’ER, n. [Dan. kilter, to gird, to truss KERF, n. [Sax. cyrf; ceorfan, cearfan, to bomb-ketches. Mar. Dict.
up; kilte, a folding.] cut, Eng. to carve ; D. kerf, a notch; ker- KETCHUP, n. A sauce. [See Catchup.]
The phrase, he is not in kelter, signifies, he is ven,to cut; G. kerb, kerben, Ir. cearb.} KET’TLE, n. [Sax. cetl, cetel or cytel; G.
not in a proper dress or equipage, or not The cut of an ax,a saw, or other instru- kessel; D. ketel ;Dan. kedel ; Sw. ktttel ;
in readiness. ment; the notch or slit made in wood by Russ. kotel.]
KEMB, v. t. (Sax. cemban, to comb.] To cutting. A vessel of iron or other metal, with a wide
comb, which see. Kemb is an obsolete or- S Oo mouth, usually without a cover, used for
thography. B. Jonson. Dryden. KERM ‘ES, n. [Ar. yoy5 kirmiran, coc- heating and boiling water or otber liquor.
KEM ’ELIN, n. (Qu. Gr. xecunrov, furniture. ] Among the Tartars, a kettle represents a
A tub; a brewer’s vessel. [.Vot in use.] cus baphica. Castell.! family, or as many as feed from one ket-
Chaucer. In zoology, an insect produced in the ex- ue.
KEN, v. t. [W. ceniaw, to see; cciniaw, to crescences ofa species of small oak, or the Among the Dutch, a battery of mortars sunk
take a view, to perceive; which Owen de- body of an insect transformed into a grain, in the earth, is called a kellle. Encye.
duces from can, cain, clear, bright, fair, berry, or husk. This body is full of red- KET’TLE-DRUM, n. An instrument of
white, and sight, brightness, and this coin- dish juice, which is used in dyeing red. martal music, composed of two basins of
cides with L. canus, white, caneo, to be Hence the word crimson. Encye. copper or brass, rounded at the bottom
white, and this with L. cano, to sing, canto, |KERM’ES-MINERAL, x. A mineral sub- and covered with vellum or goat-skin.
Eng. to cant, to chant. These coincide in stance, so called from its color. It isa Encye.
elements with G. kennen, to know, erken- precipitate of antimony, obtained by fu- KET’TLE-DRUMMER, n. The man who
nen, to see, know, discern; D. kennen. sion with a fixed alkali and subsequent so- beats the kettle-drum.
Sw. kunna, Dan. kiender, to know, to be luticn in boiling water, or by simple ebul- KET’TLE-PINS, n. Nine pins; skittles.
able; Sax. connan, cunnan, Goth. kunnan, lition. Nicholson. Encyc. KEV’EL, n. In ships, a piece of timber
to know. In Sax. cennan is to bear, L. KERN, n. An Irish footman or foot-soldier. serving to belay the sheets or great ropes
gigno, Gr. yerxvaw. The radical sense is to Spenser. by which the bottoms of the fore-sail anid
strain, extend, reach. In Sans. kanna is 2. In English laws, an idle person or vaga- main-sail are extended. Mar. Dict.
aneye. See Can.| bond. j Lt Encyc.| KEX, n. Hemlock; the stem of the teasel ;
1. Tosee at a distance; to descry. KERN, n. A hand-mill consisting of twol| adry stalk. [See Kecksy.|
We xen them from afar. Addison. stones, one of which is turned by the hand ;|KEY, n. ke. [Sax. ceg.] Ina general sense,
2. To know ; tounderstand. Obs. Shak. Gay. usually written quern, which see. a fastener ; that which fastens; as a piece
Thais verb is used chiefly in poetry.] 2. A churn. Obs. of wood in the frame ofa building, or ina
KEN, v.7. 'To look round. Burton. IKERN, v.i. [G. and D.kern, a kernel; G. chain, &c.
KEN, zn. View; reach ofsight. kernen, to eurdle.] 2. An instrument for shutting or opening a
Coasting they kept the land within their ken. \l. To harden, as corn in ripening. Carew. lock, by pushing the bolt one way or the
Dryden. |2. To take the form of corns; to granulate. other. Keys are of various forms, and
KEN’DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green! | Grew. fitted to the wards of the locks to which
cloth made of kendal. Shak. KERN’-BABY, n. [corn-baby.] An image they belong.
KENNEL, n. [Fr. chenil ;It. canile ; from! dressed with corn, and carried before 3. An instrument by which something is
L. canis, a dog.] reapers to their harvest-home. screwed or turned ; as the key of a watch
1. A house or cot fur dogs, or for a pack of| KERNEL, n. [Sax. cyrnel, a little corn, or other chronometer. in
hounds. grain or nut; G. and D. kern ; Fr. cer- 4, The stone which binds an arch. (See
2. A pack of hounds or their ery. Encye. nea ; W. cwaren, a gland, a kernel.] | Key-stone.|
 KIC KID KIL
5. In an organ or harpsichord, the key, or fin-|| KICK, v.7. To practice striking with the foot||KID’/NEY, x. [I have not found this word
ger key is alittle lever or piece in the fore or feet ;as a horse accustomed to kick. in any other language.]}
part by which the instrument is played onj|2. To thrust out the foot or feet with vio-)I. The kidneys are two oblong flattened
by the fingers. lence, either in wantonness, resistance, bodies, extending from the eleventh and
. In music, the key, or key note, is the fun- anger or contempt ; to manifest opposition. twelfth ribs to the fourth lumbar verte-
damental note or tone, to which the whole Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice? 1 Sam. bra, behind the intestines. Their use is to
piece is accommodated, and with which it i. separate the urine from the blood.
usually begins and always ends. ‘There Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked. Deut. xxxii. Parr. Quincy.
are two keys, one of the major, and one of| It is hard for thee to Aick against the goads. 2. Sort; kind. [4 ludicrous use of the word.|
the minor mode. Key sometimes signifies Acts ix. Shak.
a scale or system of intervals. Rousseau. KICK, n. A blow with the foot or feet; a 3. A cant term for a waiting servant.
7. An index, or that which serves to explain striking or thrust of the foot. i Tatler.
acypher. Hence, KICK’‘ED, pp. Struck with the foot or feet. KID'NEY-BEAN, n. A sort of bean so na-
8. That which serves to explain any thing KICK’ER, n. One that kicks. med from its resemblance to the kidney.
difficult to be understood. KICK/ING, ppr. Striking with the foot; It is of the genus Phaseolus.
9. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical juris- thrusting out the foot with violence. KID/NEY-FORM , Having the form
diction, or the power of the pope; or the KICK/ING, n. The act of striking with the KID/NEY-SHAPED, § “ or shape ofa kid-
power of excommunicating or absolving. foot, or of yerking the foot with violence. ney. Kirwan.
Encye. What cannot be effected by kicking, may KID‘NEY-VETCH, n. A plant of the ge-
10. A ledge or lay of rocks near the surface sometimes be done by coaxing. nus Anthyllis.
of the water. KICK/SHAW, n. [corrupted from Fr. quel- KID/NEY-WORT, n. A plant of the genus
11. The husk containing the seed ofan ash. que chose, something. | Saxifraga.
Evelyn. 1. Something fantastical or uncommon, or KIF’FEKILL, A mineral, the meer-
KEY, n. [Iv. ceigh; D. kaai; G. kat; Fr. something that has no particular name. KEF’FEKILL, §™ schaum, which see.
quai; Arm. qae. The word is probably 2. A dish so changed by cooking, that it can KIL, n. A Dutch word, signifying a channel
contracted from the root of the preceding scarcely be known. Johnson. or bed of a river, and hence a stream.
word, signifying, to hold, make fast, re- KICK’/SHOE, n. A dancer,in contempt; a KIL/DERKIN, n. [Qu. D. kinderkin.] A
strain. Class Cg.] caperer ; a buffoon. [A word used only small barrel; a liquid measure containing
A bank or wharf built on the side of a river by Milton.} two firkins, or 16 or 18 gallons. — Encyc.
or harbor, forthe convenience of loading KID, n. [Dan. kid ; Sw. kid, kidling ; W. cidws, KILL, v. ¢. [The Dutch has keel, the throat,
and unloading ships, and securing them in a goat, cidysen, a young goat; L. hedus; and keelen, to cut the throat, to kill. In
their stations. Hence keys are furnished vulgar Gr. yda; Sans. ada; Turk. gets: ; Russ. kolyu is to stab. But this word
with posts, rings, cranes, capstans, &c. Heb. Ch. 2; Syr. bora kid; Russ. seems to be allied to Sax. ewellan, to kill,
It is sometimes written quay. Encyc. to quell, that is, to beat down, to lay ; and
KE’YAGE, n. Money paid for the use of a kidayu, to throw, to bring forth young. | if so, it may be connected with D. kwellen,
key or quay. 1. A young goat. G. qualen, Sw. qualia, Dan. queler, to tor-
KE’/Y-€OLD, a. Lifeless. [Notin use.] . 2. A faggot; a bundle of heath and furze. ment, but in Danish to stifle, choke or
KE/YED, a. Furnished with keys; as a Eng. quell. This affinity is rendered probable
keyed instrument. KID, v. t. or 7. To bring forth a young goat. by the seamen’s phrase, to kill the wind,
2. Set to a key, as a tune. 2. To make into a bundle, as faggots. Eng. that is, to allay or destroy it.]
I: To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in
KE/YHOLE,-n. A hole or aperture in a KID, v. t. [Sax. eythan.|] To show, discover any manner or by any means. ‘To Kill an
door or lock, for receiving a key. or make known. Obs. Gower.
animal or a plant, is to put an end to the
KE/YSTONE, n. The stone on the top or KID’/DER, nx. [Sw. kyta, to truck.) An en- vital functions, either by destroying or es-
middie of an arch or vault, which being grosser of corn, or one who carries corn,
provisions and merchandize about the sentially injuring the organs necessary to
wider at the top than at the bottom, enters
country for sale. Eng. life, or by causing them to cease from ac-
like a wedge and binds the work; proper-
ly, the fastening-stone. ; KID'DLE, n. A kind of wear in a river for tion. An animal may be killed by the
catching fish ;corruptly pronounced Kittle. sword or by poison, by disease or by suf-
KHAN, n. kaun. In Asia, a governor; a
Mag. Charta. focation. A strong solution of salt will
king; a prince; achief. In Persia, the kill plants.
word denotes the governor ofa province; KID/DOW, n. A web-footed fowl, called al- 2. To butcher; to slaughter for food; as, to
among the Tartars, it is equivalent to so guillemot, sea-hen, or skout.
Chambers. kill an ox.
king or prince. Eton. 3. To quell; to appease; to calm; to still;
2, An inn. KID‘LING, n. [Sw.] A young kid.
Browne. as, in seamen’s language, a shower of
KHANATE, n. kaun/ate. The dominion or rain kills the wind.
jurisdiction of a khan. Tooke. KID/NAP, v. t. [G. kinderdieb; D. kinder- KIL’LAS, n. An argillaceous stone of a
KIBE, n. [This word has the elements of| dief, child-thief: Kid is usually supposed pale gray or greenish gray, of a lamellar
chap, gap, gape. Class Gb. No.7. Per- to be contracted from kind, a child, in
or coarsely granular texture, found in
oe - which case, nap may be the oriental 33), Cornwall, England. Nicholson.
haps it is of Persian origin, ys —) tosteal. See Knab.]} KILL'DEE, n. A small birdin America, so
To steal a human being, man, woman or called from its voice or note ; a species of
kafidan, to crack, to split. Qu. Dan. kiebe, child; or to seize and forcibly carry away plover.
the chops. |
any person whatever from his own coun- KILL/ED, pp. Deprived of life ; quelled ;
A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by try or state into another. Encye. calmed.
cold; an ulcerated chilblain; as in the KID/NAPPED, pp. Stolen or forcibly car- KILL/ER, n. One who deprives oflife ; he
heels.
ried away ; as a human being. or that which kills.
KID/NAPPER, n. One who steals or forci- KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life; quell-
KI/BED, a. Chapped; cracked with cold;
affected with chilblains ; as kibed heels. bly carries away a human being ; a man- ing.
Darwin. stealer. KIL’LINITE, n. A mineral, a variety of
KUBY, a. Affected with kibes. KID’/NAPPING, ppr. Stealing or forcibly spodumene, found at Killeney, in Ireland.
KICK, v.t. [W. ciciaw, from cic, the foot. carrying away human beings. Taylor.
KID‘ NAPPING, n. The act of stealing, or KIL/LOW, n. An earth of a blackish or
Owen. Pers. a= a kicking. forcible abduction of a human being from deep blue color. Woodward.
his own country orstate. This crime was KILN, n. kil. as cyln, from cylene, a fur-
To strike with the foot; as, a horse kicks a capital by the Jewish law, and in modern nace or kitchen; L. culina; W. cyl and
servant ; aman kicks a dog. times is highly penal. cylyn.]
 KIN KIN KitN
1. A large stove or oven; a fabric of brick kind or humankind. In teehnical Jan- KIN’/DLING, ppr. Setting on fire; causing
or stone which may be heated for the pur- guage, kind answers to genus. to burn with flame ; exciting into action.
pose of hardening, burning or drying any 2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus; KINDLY, a. [See Kind, the noun.] Homo-
thing; asa kiln for baking or hardening as, there are several kinds of eloquence geneal; congenial; kindred; of the same
earthen vessels; a kiln for drying grain and of style, many kinds of music, many nature. This Johnson supposes to be the
or meal. i kinds of government, various kinds of ar- original sense ; but it is also used as a de-
2. A pile of brick constructed
for burning or, chitecture or of painting, various kinds of} rivative of the adjective, in the sense of
hardening; called also a brick-kiln. soil, &c. 2. Mild; bland; softening ; as kindly show-
KIL/N-DRIED, pp. Dried in a kiln. 3. Particular nature; as laws most perfect ers. Prior.
KIL/N-DRY, v. t. kil-dry. To dry in a kiln ; in their kind. Baker. KINDLY, adv. With good will; with a dis-
as, to kiln-dry meal or grain. q |4. Natural state; produce or commodity, as} position to make others happy or to oblige ;
KIL/N-DRYING, ppr. Drying ina kiln. | distinguished from money; as taxes paid benevolently ; favorably. Let the poor be
KIL/OGRAM, n. [Fr. kilogramme ; Gr.) in kind. treated kindly.
zvnwor, a thousand, and ypauua. See Gram.]| 5. Nature ; natural propensity or determina- Be kindly affectioned one to another, with
In the new system of French weights and) tion. brotherly love— Rom. xii.
measures, a thousand grams. According) Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, And he comforted therm, and spake kindly
Are led by kind v admire your fellow creature. unto them. Gen. 1.
to Lunier, the kilogram is equal in weight!
to a cubic decimeter of water, or two Dryden. KINDNESS, n. [from kind, the adjective. ]
pounds, five drams and a balf. 6. Manner; way. [Little used.) Bacon. \1. Good will; benevolence ; that temper or
disposition which delights in contributing
KIL/OLITER, n. [Fr. kilolitre ; Gr. xzertor,| 7. Sort. He spoke with a kind of scorn or'
a thousand, and acrpa, a Greek measure.| contempt. to the happiness of others, which is exer-
See Liter.] || IKIND, a. [W. and Arm. cun, kind, favora-| cised cheerfully in gratifying their wishes,
In the new French measures, a thousand I-) ble, attractive. In Ir. ceann, is affection. supplying their wants or alleviating their
ters; or 264 gallons and 44,231 cubic in-| This word would seem to be connected distresses ; benignity of nature. Kindness
with the preceding, but in sense it coin- ever accompanies love.
ches. According to Lunier, it is nearly There is no man whose kindness we may not
equal to a tun of wine of Bourdeaux. ~ } cides best with the Teutonic gunstig, fa-
sometime want, or by whose malice we may
KILOM/ETER, xn. [Fr. kilometre ; Gr. | vorable, kind, from G. génnen, to be glad) not sometime suffer. Rambler.
xvr.o, a thousand, and werpor, a meter.] or pleased, to love to see, to favor, D.)
gunnen, to grant or vouchsafe.} 2. Act of good will; beneficence ;any actof
In the French system of measures, a thou-| benevolence whieh promotes the happi-
sand meters ; the meter being the unit of 1. Disposed to do good to others, and to!
make them happy by granting their re- ness or welfare of others. Charity, hos-
linear measure. The kilometer is nearly pitality, attentions to the wants of others,
equal to a quarter of a French league. quests, supplying their wants or assist-
ing them in distress; having tenderness| &c., are deemed acts of kindness, or kind-
Luner.| nesses. Acts xxviii.
KILT, x. A kind of short petticoat worn by | or goodness of nature; benevolent; be-
nignant. KIN/DRED, n. [from kin, kind; Sax.
the highlanders of Scotland. cynren ; W. cenal, cenedyl.]
KILT, pp. Killed. Obs. God is kind to the unthankful, and to the, \1. Relation by birth; consanguinity.
KIM’BO, {probably from the Celtic evil. Luke vi.
Like her, of equal kindred to the throne.
KIM'BOW, §@ cam, crooked. The Italian Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted.| Dryden,
sghembo, crooked, awry, is from the same’ Eph. iv. 2. Relation by marriage; affinity.
source. | |2. Proceeding from tenderness or goodness, 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more
Crooked ; arched; bent; as a kimbo handle.) of heart; benevolent; asakind act; a properly the former.
Dryden. kind return of favors. Thou shalt go unto my country and to my
To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands KIND’ED, a. Begotten. Obs. [See Kin.] kindred. Gen. xxiv.
on the hips, with the elbows projecting, Spenser. \4. Relation; suit; connection in kind.
outward. |KINDLE, »v. ¢. [W. cynneu; L. accendo; Shak.
KIN, n. (Sax. cyn, cynn, er cind, gecynd, from the root of candeo, caneo, to be light |KIN‘DRED, a. Related; congenial; of the
kind, genus, race, relation; Ir. cine; G. or white, to shine.] like nature or properties ; as kindred souls ;
kind, a child; D. kind; W. cenal, cenaw;| 1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with | kindred skies. Dryden.
L. genus; Gr. yevos; connected with L. flame ; to light; as, to kindle a fire. |KINE, plu. of cow; D. koeyen. But cows,
igno, geno, Gr. ywouar. Class Gn. No.) '2. 'To inflame, as the passions; to exasper- the regular plural, is now in general use.
59. See Begin.] ate; torouse; to provoke; to excite to ac- KING, n. [Sax. cyng, cynig, or cyning ; G.
1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or} tion; to heat; to fire; to animate; as, to kénig; D. koning; Sw. konung, kung ;
blood, but perhaps sometimes used for re-| kindle anger or wrath; to kindle resent-| Dan. konge; W. cun, achief, a leader, one
lation by affinity or marriage. ment; to kindle the flame of love, or love that attracts or draws. Ifthe Welsh word
This man is of kin to me. into a flame. is the same or of the same family,itproves
Bacon. Dryden. So is a contentious woman to kindle strife. that the primary sense is a leader, a guide,
2. Relatives ; kindred ; persons of the same Prov. xxvi. . or one who goes before, for the radical
race. sense of the verb must be to draw. It
3. Tobring forth. (Sax. cennan.] [ot used.]
—tThe father, mother and the kin beside. coincides in elements with the Ir. cean,
Shak. head, and with the oriental khan,or kaun.
Dryden. KIN‘DLE, v. i. To take fire; to begin to
3. A relation; a relative. Davies. The primary seuse is probably a head, a
burn with flame. Fuel and fire well laid, leader. |
4, The same generical class; a thing rela- will kindle without a bellows.
ted. 1. The chief or sovereign of a nation; a
2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited; man invested with supreme authority over
And the ear-deafening voice of th’ oracle, to be roused or exasperated.
Kin to Jove’s thunder. Shak. a nation, tribe or country; a monarch.
It shall kindle in the thickets of the forest. Kings are absolute monarchs, when they
5. As a termination, kin is used as a dimin- Ts. ix.
possess the powers of government with-
utive, denoting small, from the sense of KIN’DLED, pp. Set on fire ;inflamed; ex-
out control, or the entire sovereignty over
child; as in mantkin, a little man; Tom-| cited into action. a nation; they are limited monarchs, when
kin, Wilkin, Pipkin. KIN’DLER, n. He or that which kindles or) their power is restrained by fixed laws;
KIN, a. Ofthe same nature ; kindred ; con-) sets on fire. and they are absolute, when they possess
genial. Chaucer. KINDLESS, a. Destitute of kindness; un- the whole legislative, judicial, and execu-
KIN/ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of, natural. Shak. live power, or when the legislative or ju-
kinic acid with a base. Ure.) KINDLINESS, n. Affection; affectionate dicial powers, or both, are vested in other
KIND, n. [Sax. cyn, or cynn. See Kin.) disposition ; benignity. bodies of men. Kings are hereditary sove-
i. Race; genus; generic class 3 as in man-|| 2. Natural disposition. Milton. reigns, when they hold the powers of gov-
Vol. Ti. 3
 KIN KIS KN A
ernment by right of birth or inheritance, KING/HOOD, n. State of being a king. KISS/ING-€0MFIT, nv. Perfumed sugait
and elective, when raised to the throne by Obs. Gower. plums to sweeten the breath. Shak.
choice. KING’LESS, a. Having no king. Byron. KISS/‘ING-€RUST, n. In cookery, the crusé
Kings will be tyrants from policy, when sub- KING’LIKE, a. Like aking. ofa loaf that touches another.
jects are rebels from principle. Burke. KING/LING, n. A little king. KIST, n. A chest. [Not used.]
2. A sovereign; a prince; a ruler. Christ KING’LY, a. Belonging to a kin g5 Suitable KIT, n. [D. kit.] Alargebottle. Skinner.
is called the king of his chureh. Ps. ii, to a king; as a kingly couch. Shak hak.|\2. A small fiddle. Grew.
3. A card having the picture of a king; as 2. Royal; sovereign; monarchical; as a 3. A kind of fish-tub, and a milk-pail.
the king of diamonds. kingly government. Entick.
4. The chief piece in the game ofchess. 3. Noble; august; splendid; becoming a [J know not that this word is used in
King at arms, an officer in England of great king ; as kingly magnificence. America.)
antiquity, and formerly of great authority, KING/LY, adv. With an air of royalty ; with KIT’-€AT, n. A term applied to a club in
whose business is to direct the heralds, a superior dignity. London, to which Addison and Steele be-
preside at their chapters, and have the Low bow’d the rest ; he, kingly, did but nod. longed ; so called from Christopher Cat, a
jurisdiction of armory. There are three Pope. pastry cook, who served the club with
Kings at arms, viz. garter, clarencieux, KING’SHIP, n. Royalty; the state, office mutton. pies; applied also to a portrait
and norroy. The latter [northroy] offi- or dignity of a king. King Charles. three fourths less than a half length, pla-
ciates north of the Trent. Encye. KIN’I€, a. Pertaining to cinchona; as ced in the club-room. Todd.
KING, v. t. In ludicrous language, to supply the kinic acid. Ure.|re. KITCHEN, n. [Sax. cycene ;G. kitche;D.
with a king, or to make royal; to raise to KINK, x. [Sw. kink, D. kink, a bend or keuken ;Sw. kok; Dan. kokke ;W. cegin;
royalty. Shak. turn. Qu. L. cingo.| It. cucina; L. coguina; Sp. cocina; trom
KING/APPLE, n. A kind of apple, so The twist ofa rope or thread, occasioned by the root of L. coquo, to cook.]
called. a spontaneous winding of the rope or 1. A cook-room; the room of a house ap-
KING’S BENCH, n. A high court or tribu- thread when doubled, that is, by an effort propriated to cookery.
nalin England; so called because the king of hard twisted ropes or threads to un- A fat kitchen makes a lean will. Franklin.
used to sit there in person. It is the su- twist, they wind about each other. 2. In ships, the galley or caboose.
preme court of common law, consisting of| KINK, v.72. To wind into a kink; to twist 3. A utensil for roasting meat; as a tin
a chief justice and three other justices. spontaneously. kitchen.
Blackstone. KINK’/HAUST, n. The chincough. [.Not KITCH/EN-G‘ARDEN, n. JA garden or
KXING’BIRD, n. A fowl of the genus Para- used. | piece of ground appropriated to the rais-
disea; also, a species of the genus Musci- KINO, n. An astringent resin obtained ing of vegetables for the table.
capa, so called from its courage in attack- from an African tree. Hooper. KITCH’EN-MAID, n. A female servant
ing larger fowls. Kino. consists of tannin and extractive. whose business is to clean the kitchen and
KING’€R AFT, n. The craft of kings; the Ure. utensils of cookery, or in general, to do the
act of governing ; usually in a bad sense. KINS’FOLK, n. [Kin and folk.] Relations; work ofa kitchen.
KING/€UP, n. A flower, crowfoot. Gay. kindred; persons of the same family. KITCH’EN-STUFF, n. Fat collected from
KING’S-EVIL, n. A disease of the scrofu- Obs. pots and dripping pans. Donne.
lous kind. KINS/MAN, n. [kin and man.] A man of| KITCH’EN-WENCH, n. The woman who
KING’FISHER, . A fowl of the genus the same race or family; one related by cleans the kitchen and utensils of cookery.
Alcedo. blood. _ Dryden. KITCH’EN-WORK, n. Work done in the
KING’S-SPEAR, n. A plant of the genus KINS’/WOMAN, n. A female relation. kitchen; as cookery, washing, &c.
Asphodelus. Dennis. KITE, n. (Sax. cyta.! A rapacious fowl of
KING’STONE, n. A fish. Ainsworth. KIP/PER, n. A term applied to a salmon, the genus Falco or hawk, remarkable fox
KING/DOM, n. [king and dom, jurisdie- when unfit to be taken, and to the time gliding through the air without frequently
when they are so considered. Eng. moving its wings ; hence called glide.
tion. 2. A name of reproach, denoting rapacity.
1 aoe or country subject to a king; KIRK, n. kurk. [Sax. cyre or ciric; Gr.
an undivided territory under the domin- xvpiaxn, from xvpcos, lord.] hak.
3. A light frame of wood and paper con-
ion of a king or monarch. The foreign In Scotland, a church. This is the same
possessions of aking are not usually inclu- word as church, differently written and structed for flying in the air for the amuse-
pronounced. [See Church.] ment of boys.
ded inthe term kingdom. Thus we speak
of the kingdom of England, of France or KIRK/MAN, n. One of the church of Scot- KITE, n. In the north of England, the belly.
of Spain, without including the East or land. KI’TEFOOT, n. A sort of tobacco, so called.
West Indies. KIR’TLE,n. ker’tl. [Sax. cyrtel ;Sw. kiortel.]
KI/TESFOOT, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
«© The inhabitants or population subject to 1. An upper garment; a gown; a petticoat;
a short jacket ; a mantle. KITH, n. (Sax. cyththe.] Acquaintance. Obs.
aking. The whole kingdom was alarmed.
: In natural history, a division; as the ani- Johnson. Encye. Gower.
mal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. 2. A quantity of flax, about a hundred |KIT/LING, n. [L. catulus.] A whelp; the
pounds. Encye. young of a beast. B. Jonson.
. A region; atract; the place where any
thing prevails and holds sway; as the [I know not that this word is used in |KIT’TEN, n. kit’n. [D.katje.] A young
America. cat, or the young ofthe cat.
watery kingdom. _ Shak. KITTEN, v. ¢. ket’n. To bring forth young,
ot In Scripture, the government or universal
KIR/TLED, a. Wearinga kirtle.
as a cat.
dominion of God. 1 Chron. xxix. Ps. KISS, v. t. [Sax. cyssan; G. kiissen; D. KIT/TIWAKE, x. A fowl of the genus
exlyv. kuschen ; Sw. kyssa; Dan. kysser.] Larus, or gull kind.
a The power of supreme administration. 1. To salute with the lips. KIT’TLE, v. t. [Sax. citelan.] To tickle.
1 Sam. xviii. 2. To treat with fondness ; to caress.
Not used.) Sherwood.
A princely nation or state. The hearts of princes kiss obedience. KLICK, v.72. [a different orthography or
Ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests. Shak. diminutive of clack.]
Ex. xix. 3. To touch gently. 1. 'To make a small, sharp sound by striking
8. Heaven. Matt. xxvi. When the sweet wind did gently kiss the
trees. Shak.
two things together.
9. State of glory in heaven. Matt. v. 2. In Scotland, to pilfer, by taking with a
10. The reign of the Messiah. Matt. iii. KISS, 2. A salute given with the lips; acom-
mon token ofaffection. snatch.
1}. Government; rule: supreme adminis- KLICK, a. A stroke or blow. [.4 word in
tration. KISS/ED, pp. Saluted with a kiss.
vulgar use.]
KING/DOMED, a. Proud ofroyalty. KISS’/ER, n. One that kisses. KNAB, v. t. nab. [D. knappen; G. id.| To
Shak.|| KISSING, ppr. Saluting with the lips. bite ; to gnaw; to nibble. [This word!
 KNA KNE KNI
may belong to the root of nibble, and it KNA/‘VERY, x. na‘very. Dishonesty ; de- To bend the knee; to fall on the knees;
properly signifies to catch or seize sud- ception in traffick; trick ; petty villainy; sometimes with down.
denly with the teeth.] TDEstrange. fraud. Shak. Dryden. As soon as you are dressed, kneel down and
KNAB’BLE, v. 7 To bite or nibble. [/Vot 2. Mischievous tricks or practices. say the Lord’s prayer. Taylor.
used. | Brown. KNA’‘VISH, a. na/vish. Dishonest; fraudu- KNEE’/LER, n. nee‘ler. One who kneels or
KNACK, n. nak. A little machine ; a petty lent; as a knavish fellow, or a knavish worships by kneeling.
contrivance; a toy. trick or transaction. KNEE/LING, ppr. nee/ling. Falling on the
2. Waggish; mischievous. knees,
A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby’s cap.
q E a i Shak. Cupid is a knavish Jad, KNEE’TRIBUTE, n. nee‘tribute. Tribute
2, A readiness; habitual facility of perform- Thus to make poor females mad. Shak. paid by kneeling; worship or obeisance
ance; dexterity ;adroitness. by genuflection. Milton.
KNA/VISHLY, = na’vishly. _Dishonestly ;
My author has a great knack at remarks. fraudulently. KNELL, n. nell. Sex. enyll ; cnyllan, to
Atterbury. 2. Waggishly; mischievously. beat or knock; W. cnul, a passing bell;
The Dean was famous in his time, KNA’VISHNESS, 2x. na'vishness. The G. knallen, to clap or crack; Sw. knalla ;
And had a kind of knack at rhyme. Swift. quality or habit of knavery ; dishonesty. Dan. gneller, to bawl.]
3. A nice trick. KNAW‘EL, n. naw‘el. A species of plant. Properly, the stroke of a bell; hence, the
For how ‘should equal colors do the knack? KNEAD, v.t. nead. [Sax. enedan ; G. kne- sound caused by striking a bell; appro-
Cameleons who ean paint in white and black ? ten; D. kneeden; Dan. kneder; Sw. kni- priately and perhaps exclusively, the
Pope. sound of a bell rung at a funeral] ; a toll-
KNACK, v. i. nak. [G. knacken; Dan. da.| : : ; , ing.
knager. |
To work and press ingredients into a mass,
usually with the hands; particularly, to KNEW, pret. of know.
To crack; to make a sharp abrupt noise.
work into a well mixed mass the materi- KNIFE, n. nife; plu. knives; nives. [Sax.
[Little used.] Johnson. cenif; Dan. kniv; Sw. knif; Fr. ganif or
als of bread, cake or paste; as, to knead
KNACK/ER, n. nak/er. A maker of knacks, dough. canif. This word seems to have a con-
toys or small work. Mortimer. The cake she kneaded was the savory meat. nection with the D. knippen, Sw. knipa, to
2. A rope-maker, or collar-maker. [.Vot in Prior. clip or pinch, to nip; Dan. kniber, G,.
use. Ainsworth. Entick. KNE/ADED, pp. ne‘aded. Worked and kneifen, W. cneiviaw, to clip, to shear. Its
KNAG, n. nag. [Dan. knag, Sw. knagg, a pressed together. primary sense then is an instrument that
knot in wood, Ir. enag, W. cnwe.] KNE/ADING, ppr. ne/ading. Working and nips off, or cuts off with a stroke.]
1. A knot in wood, ora protuberant knot; a mixing into a well mixed mass. 1. A cutting instrument with a sharp edge.
wart. KNE/ADING-TROUGH, n. ne/ading-trauf. Knives are of various shapes and sizes,
2. A peg for hanging things on. A trough or tray in which dough is work- adapted to their respective uses ; as table
3. The shoot ofa deer’s horns. ed and mixed. knives; carving knives or carvers; pen-
KNAG/GY, n. nag'gy. Knotty; full of KNEB ELITE, n. neb/elite. [from Von knives, &c.
knots; rough with knots; hence, rough in Knebel.} 2. A sword or dagger. Spenser.
temper. A mineral ofa gray color, spotted with dirty KNIGHT, n. nite. [Sax. eniht, cneoht, a
KNAP, n. nap. (Sax. enep, W. cnap, abut- white, brownish green, or green. boy, a servant, lr. entocht, G. knecht, D.
ton, a knob, D. knop.] Phillips. knegt, Sw. knecht, Dan. knegt.]
A protuberance ; a swelling. [Little used. KNEE, n. nee. [Sax. eneow; G. knie; D. 1. Originally, a knight was a youth, and
See Knob.]} Bacon. knie; Sw. kna; Dan. kne; Fr. genou; It. young men being employed as servants,
KNAP, v.t. nap. [D. knappen. See Knab.] ginocchio; L. genu ; Gr. youu; Sans. janu. hence it came to signify a servant. But
1. To bite; to bite off; to break short. [Lit- As the same word in Saxon signifies gen- among our warlike ancestors, the word
tle used.| More. eration, it appears to belong to the family was particularly applied to a young man
2. To strike with a sharp noise. [Little of ywoua, geno, and to signify a shoot or after he was admitted to the privilege of
used. | Bacon. protuberance. } bearing arms. ‘The admission to this
KNAP, v. 7. nap. To make a short, sharp 1. In anatomy, the articulation of the thigh privilege was a ceremony of great impor-
sound. Wiseman. and leg bones. tance, and was the origin of the institu-
KNAP’'BOTTLE, n. nap/bottle. A plant. 2. In ship-building, a piece of timber some- tion of knighthood. Hence, in feudal
KNAP’PISH, a. nap'pish. Snappish. [See what in the shape of the human knee times, a knight was a man admitted to
Snap.] when bent, having two branches or arms, military rank by a certain ceremony.
KNAP’PLE, v. 7. nap‘ple. To break off with and used to connect the beams of a ship This privilege was conferred on youths of
an abrupt sharp noise. with her sides or timbers. Mar. Dict. family and fortune, and hence sprung the
KNAP’SACK, n. nap'sack. [G. knappsack ; KNEE, v.t. nee. To supplicate by kneeling. honorable title of knight, in modern usage.
D. knapzak, from knappen, to eat.] [ot used.] Shakak. A knight has the title of Str.
A soldier’s bag, carried on his back, and con- KNEE-€ROOKING, a. nee'crooking. Ob- _Encyc. Johnson.
taining necessaries of food and clothing. sequious. Shak, 2. A pupil or follower. Shak.
It may be of lether or coarse cloth. KNEED, a. need. Having knees; as in- 3. A champion. Drayton.
KNAP’ WEED, n. nap/weed. A plant of the kneed, out-kneed.
Knight of the post,a knight dubbed at the
genus Centaurea, so called probably from 2. In botany, geniculated; forming an ob- whipping post or pillory ; a hireling wit-
knap, a button. Fam. of Plants. tuse angle at the joints, like the knee ness. Johnson.
KN‘AR, n. n'ar. [G. knor or knorren; D. when a little bent ; as kneed-grass. Knight of the shire, in England, one of the
knor.| A knot in wood. Dryden. Martyn.
representatives of a county in parliament,
KKN‘ARLED, a. Knotted. (See Gnarled.] KNEE-DEEP, a. nee’-deep. Rising to the originally a knight, but now any gentle-
KKN‘ARRY, a. Knotty. Chaucer. knees ; us water or snow knee-deep. man having an estate in land of six hun-
KNAVE, n. nave. (Sax. cnapa or cnafa, a 2. Sunk to the knees; as wading in water dred pounds a year is qualified. Johnson.
boy; G.knabe; D. knaap; Dan. knab ; or mire knee-deep.
originally, a boy or young man, then a KNEE-HIGH,a. nee-hi. Rising to the knees; KNIGHT, v. ¢. nite. To dub or create a
servant, and lastly a rogue.| as water knee-high. knight, which is done by the king who
1. A boy; aman-child. Obs. KNEE’HOLLY, n. nee/holly. A plant o gives the person kneeling a blow witha
2. Aservant. Obs. Dryden. the genus Ruscus. sword, and says, rise, Sir. Johnson.
3. A false deceitful fellow; a dishonest man KNEE/HOLM, n. nee/home. Kneeholly. KNIGHT-ER/RANT, x. [knight and L.
or boy. KNEE’PAN, n. nee/pan. The round bone errans, erro, to wander. ]
In defiance of demonstration, knaves will con- on the fore part of the knee. A wandering knight ;a knight who traveled
tinue to proselyte fools. Anes. KNEEL, v. i. neel. [D. knielen; Dan. kne- in search of adventures, for the purpose
4. Acard with a soldier painted on it. ler; Er. agenouiller, from genouil, the of exhibiting military skill, prowess and
Hudibras. knee.| generosity,
 kK NO KN O KNO
KNIGHT-ER'RANTRY, 2. The practice W. cnwh, cnwpa. The word signifies a KNOT, n. nof. [Sax. cnotta ; G. knoten; D.
kaot; Sw. knota; Dan. knude: L. nodus;
of wandering in quest of adventures; the button, a top, a bunch.]
manners of wandering knights. \A hard protuberance; a hard swelling or probably connected with knit, but perhaps
rising ;a bunch; as a knob in the flesh or from swelling or gathering. |
KNIGHT-HEADS, n. In ships, bollard tim-
on a bone. Ray. 1. The complication of threads made by
bers, two pieces of timber risiug just with- knitting ;a tie; union of cords by inter-
/KNOB’/BED, a. nob/bed. Containing knobs;
in the stem, one on each side of the bow- weaving ; as a knot difficult to be untied.
sprit to secure its inner end; also, two full of knobs.
strong frames of timber which inclose and
KNOB’BINESS, n. nob‘biness. [from knob- 2. Any figure, the lines of which frequently
by. intersect each other; as a knot in garden-
support the ends of the windlass. The I aiy of having knobs, or of being full ing.
Mar. Dict. Tn beds and curious knots. Mitton.
KNIGHTHOOD, n. The character or dig- of protuberances.
3. A bond of association or union; as the
nity of a kniglit. KNOB'BY, a. nob‘by. Full of knobs or hard nuptial knot.
2, A military order, honor, or degree of an- protuberances ; hard. 4. The part ofa tree where a branch shoots.
cient nobility, conferred as a reward o KNOCK, v.i. nok. [Sax. cnucian ; W. cno- 5. The protuberant joint of a plant.
valor or merit. It is of four kinds, mili- ciaw ; Sw. knacka. Martyn.
tary, regular, honorary, and social. 1. To strike or beat with something thick 6. A cluster; a collection; a group; as a
t, : Eneyc.|| or heavy ; as, to knock with a club or with knot of ladies ;a knot of figures in paint-
KNIGHTLINESS, n. Duties of a knight.!| the fist; to knock at the door. We never ing.
Spenser.|| use this word to express beating with a 7. Difficulty ; intricacy ;something not eas-
KNIGHTLY, a. Pertaining to a knight; small stick or whip. sily solved. South.
becoming a knight; as a knightly combat. 2. To drive or be driven against; to strike 8. Any intrigue or difficult perplexity of af-
Sidney. against; to clash; as when one heavy fairs. Dryden.
KNIGHT-MARSHAL, x. An_ officer in body knocks against another. 9. A bird of the genus Tringa.
the household of the British king, who To knock under, to yield; to submit; to ac- 10. An epaulet.
has cognizance of transgressions within knowledge to be conquered; an expres- 11. In seamen’s language, a division of the
the king’s household and verge, and of sion borrowed from the practice of knock- logline, which answers to halfa minute, as
contracts made there. Encyc. ing under the table, when conquered. a mile does to an hour, or it is the hun-
KNIGHT-SERVICE, x. In English feudal Johnson. dred and twentieth part of a mile. Hence,
law, a tenure of lands held by knights on KNOCK, v.¢t. nok. To strike; to drive when a ship goes eight miles an hour, she
condition of performing military service, against; as, to knock the head against a is said to go eight knots. Mar. Dict.
every possessor of a knight’s fee, or estate post. KNOT, v. t. not. To complicate or tie in a
originally of twenty pounds annual value, 2. To strike a door for admittance; to rap. knot or knots; to form a knot.
being obliged to attend the king in his To knock down, to strike down; to fell; to 2. To entangle ; to perplex.
wars. prostrate by a blow or by blows; as, to 3. To unite closely. Bacon.
KNIT, v. t. nif. pret. and pp. knit or knit- knock down an ox. KNOT, v. i. net. To form knots or joints,
ted. [Sax. enyllan ; Sw. kayta ; Dan. knyt- To knock out, to force out by a blow or by as in plants.
ter; probably L. nodo, whence nodus, Eng. blows; as, to knock out the brains. 2. To knit knots for fringe.
knot.| To knock up, to arouse by knocking. In KNOT’BERRY, x. not'berry. A plant of
. To unite, as threads by needles ; to con- popular use, to beat out; to fatigue till the genus Rubus.
nect ina kind of net-work; as, to kniia unable to do more. KNO'T’GRASS, n. nol'grass. The name of
stocking. To knock off, to force off by beating. At several species of plants, so denominated
. To unite closely; as, let our hearts be auctions, to assign to a bidder by a blow from the joints of the stem. The common
knit together in love. on the counter. knotgrass is the Polygonum aviculare.
. To join or cause to grow together. To knock on the head, to kill by a blow or by KNO'T’LESS, a. not/less. Free from knots;
Nature cannot knit the bones, while the blows. without knots. Martyn.
parts are under a discharge. Wiseman. KNOCK, n. nok. A blow; a stroke with KNOT’TED, a. not’ted. Fullof knots; ha-
= . To tie; to fasten. something thick or heavy. ving knots; as the knotted oak. Dryden.
And he saw heaven opened, and a certain 2. A stroke on a door, intended as a re- 2. Having intersecting figures. Shak.
vessel descending to him, as it were a great quest for admittance 5 a rap. Spee igeyrntee n. not'tiness. [from knot-
sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. KNOCK’ER, xn. nok’er. One that knocks. ty.
ad. To draw together; to contract; as, to 2. An instrument or kind of hammer, fas-| {. Fullness of knots; the quality of having
knit the brows. tened to a door to be used in seeking for many knots or swellings.
KNIT, v. i. nit. To unite or interweave by admittance. 2. Difficulty of solution ; intricacy.
needles. KNOCK/ING, pp. nok'ing. Beating; stri- KNOT’TY, a. not/ty. Full of knots; having
9, To unite closely ; to grow together. Bro- king. many knots; as knotly timber.
ken bones will in time knit and become KNOCK/ING, n. nok'ing. A beating; a} 2. Hard; rugged; as a knolty head. Rowe.
sound. rap. 3. Difficult ;intricate ; perplexed ; as a knot-
KNIT, n. nit. Union by knitting; texture. KNOLL, v. t. noll. [Sax. enyllan, to beat or ty question or point.
[Little used.) strike. See Knell] KNOUT, xn. nout. A punishment in Russia,
KNIT’TABLE, a. nil‘table. That may be To ring a bell, usually for a funeral. Shak. inflicted with a whip. 7
knit. KNOLL, v. %. noll. To sound, as a bell. KNOW, v.t. no. pret. knew; pp. known.
KNIT’TER, zn. nit/ter. One that knits. Shak. Sax. cnawan; Russ. znayu, with a pre-
KNIT’TING, ppr. nil/ting. Uniting by nee- Reetpiae I believe, is not used in Amer- x. ‘This is probably from the same ori-
dies ;forming texture; uniting in growth. ica. ginal as the L. nosco, cognosco, Gr. ywaoxa,
KNIT’TING, n. Junction. Wotton. KNOLL, n. néll. [Sax. cnoll; Sw. knyl, although much varied in orthography.
KNIT’TING-NEEDLE, n._ nit/ting-needle. knél; W. enol.) Noseo makes novi, which, with g or ¢ pre-
A long needle usually made of wire, used The top or crown of a hill; but more gen- fixed, gnovi or cnowi, would coincide with
for knitting threads into stockings, gar- erally, a little round hill or mount; a small know, knew. So L. eresco, crevi, coincides
ters, &c. elevation of earth. with grow, grew. The radical sense of
KNIT’TLE, x. nit/l. [from knit.) A string KNOP, n. nop. {a different spelling of knap knowing is generally to take, receive, or
that gathers or draws together a purse. or nob.] hold.]
2, A small line used in ships to sling ham- A knob; a tufted top; a bud; a bunch; a . To perceive with certainty; to under-
mocs. Mar. Dict. button. stand clearly ; to have a clear and certain
KNOB, n. nob. (Sax. cnep; G. knopf; D. KNOP’PED, a. nop'ped. Having knops or perception of truth, fact, or any thing that
Inoop ; Sw. knopp ;Dan. knop, knub, knap ; knobs; fastened as with buttons. | actually exists. To know a thing pre-
 KN O KON Ky Ve A
cludes all doubt or uncertainty of its ex- KNOWL‘EDGE, 2. nol/lej. (Chaucer, KONITE. [See Conite.]
istence. We know what we see with our! knowleching, from knowleche, to acknowl- |KO/PECK, x. A Russian coin, about the
eyes, or perceive by other senses. We edge. Qu. the sense of lech.] value ofa cent.
know that fire and water are different sub- 1. A clear and certain perception of that KO/RAN, n. pronounced by oriental schol-
stances. We know that truth and false- which exists, or of truth and fact; the S-O3 —
hood express ideas incompatible with perception of the connection and agree- ars korawn. [Ar. Slys from J5 to
each other. We know that a circle is ment, or disagreement and repugnancy of;
not asquare. We do not know the truth our ideas. Encye. Locke. read, to call, to teach.]
of reports, nor can we always know what We can have no knowledge of that The Mohammedan book of faith ; the alko-
which does not exist. God has a perfect ran.
to believe. :
2. To be informed of; to be taught. It is) knowledge of all his works. Human KO’RET, n. A delicious fish of the East
knowledge is very limited, and is mostly Indies.
not unusual for us to say we know things
from information, when we rely on the gained by observation and experience. |KO/RIN, n. An antelope with slender smooth
2. Learning ; illumination of mind. horns.
veracity of the informer.
3. To distinguish; as, to know one man Ignorance is the curse of God, KOUPH’OLITE, n. [Gr. xovgos, light, and
from another. We know a fixed star from Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to nos, stone.|
a planet by its twinkling. heaven. Shak. A mineral, regarded as a variety of prehn-
4. ‘0 recognize by recollection, remem- 3. Skill; as a knowledge of seamanship. ite. It occurs in minute rhomboidal
brance, representation or description. We 4. Acquaintance with any fact or person. 1 plates, of a greenish or yellowish white,
do not always know a person after a long have no knowledge of the man or thing. translucid, glistening and pearly. It is
absence. We sometimes know a man by 5. Cognizance ; notice. Ruth ii. | found in the Pyrenees. Cleaveiand.
having seen his portrait, or having heard 6. Information; power of knowing. Sidney. AXRAAL, n. In the southern part of Airica,
him described. 7. Sexual intercourse. But it is usual to | among the Hottentots, a village; a collec-
5. To be no stranger to; to be familiar. tion of huts.
prefix carnal ; as carnal knowledge.
This man is well known to us. KNOWLEDGE, for acknowledge or avow, IKRAG, n. A species ofargillaceous earth.
6. In Scripture, to have sexual commerce is not used. Bacon. IKRA‘KEN, n. A supposed enormous sea
with. Gen. iv. KNUB, sig nub,To beat; to animal. Guthrie.
7. To approve. KNUB’/BLE, § ~~ strike with |KRU/KA, n. A bird of Russia and Sweden,
nub/ble.
The Lord knoweth the way of the righteous. the knuckle. [/Vot used.] resembling a hedge sparrow. Pennant.
Psspis KNUCHK’LE, n. nuk/l. [Sax. enuel ;G. kné- |KU’FI€, a. The Kufic letters were the an-
8. To learn. Prov. i. chel ;D. kneukel ; W. enue, a joint or junc- cient letters of the Arabic, so called from
9. To acknowledge with due respect. ue tion ; cnuciaw, to join, to couple.] Kufa, on the Euphrates.
Thess. v. 1. The joint of a finger, particularly when KU/MISS, n. A liquor or drink made from
10. To choose; to favor or take an interest protuberant by the closing of the fingers. mare’s milk fermented and distilled ; milk-
in. Amos iii. 2. ane knee joint of a calf; as a knuckle o spirit, used by the Tartars. Tooke.
11. To commit; to have. veal. KU’RIL, n. A bird, the black petrel.
He hath made him to be sin for us, who 3. The joint of a plant. [Not used.] Pennant.
knew no sin. 2 Cor. Bacon. /KURIL/IAN, a. The Kurilian isles are a
12. To have full assurance of; to have sat- KNUCK’LE, v. i. nuk/l. To yield; to sub- chain in the Pacific, extending from the
isfactory evidence of any thing, though mit in contest to an antagonist. southern extremity of Kamschatka to
short of certainty. KNUCK’LED, a. Jointed. Bacon. Jesso.
KNOW, v. i. no. To have clear and certain IKNUFF, n. nuf A lout; a clown. [Not KY, x. Kine. [.Vot in use.]
perception; not to be doubtful; some- used. |
times with of. KNUR, nur, [G. knorren, a knot, KY/ANITE, n. [G. kyanit, Werner; from
If any man will do his will, he shall know of]KNURLE, ,™ nurle. § a knag, a gnar.] the Gr. xvavos, sky-colored. It is written
the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether! A knot; a hard substance. Woodward. also cyanite, but most improperly, if. pro-
speak of myself. John vii. KNURL’ED, a. nurl/ed. Full of knots. nounced kyanite. Kyanite is doubtless the
2. 'To be informed. KNUR'LY, a. nur/ly. [from knur.] preferable orthography. ]
Full
Sir John must not know ofit. Shak.
of knots; hard. This seems to be the
A mineral found both massive and in regu-
3. To take cognizance of; to examine. same as gnarly. | lar erystals. It is frequently in broad or
Know of your youth—examine well your KNUR’RY, a. nur'ry. Full of knots. | compressed six-sided prisms, with bases a
blood. Shak. KOBA, n. An antelope, with horns close at little inclined ; or this crystal may be
KNOWABLE, a. no‘able. That may be the base. viewed as a four-sided prism, truncated on
known; that may be discovered, under- KO/KOB, n. A venomous serpent of Amer- two of its lateral edges, diagonally oppo-
stood or ascertained. Locke. Bentley. ica. site. Its prevailing color is blue, whence
KNOWER, n. no/er. One who knows. KOL’LYRITE, n. [Gr. xoxavpeov.] A variety its name, but varying froma fine Prussian
KNOWING, ppr. no/ing. Having clear and of clay whose color is pure white, or with blue to sky-blue, or bluish white. It oc-
certain perception of. a shade of gray, red or yellow. curs also of various shades of green, and
2. a. Skillful; well informed ; well instruct-
Cleaveland. even gray, or white and reddish. It isin-
ed; as a knowing man. fusible by the common blowpipe. This
KOM’MANIE€, n. The crested lark of Ger- mineral is called by Hatiy and Brongniart,
The knowing and intelligent part of the
world. South. many. disthene, and by Saussure, sappare.
3. Conscious ; intelligent. KON‘ILITE, x. (Gr. xovos, dust, and aos, Cleaveland.
A knowing prudent cause. Blackmore. a stone.] KYAN/OGEN, n. [Gr. xvavos, blue, and
KNOWING, n. no'ing. Knowledge. Shak. A mineral in the form of a loose powder, yevvaw, to beget.]
KNOWINGLY, adv. no'ingly. With knowl- consisting chiefly of silex, and remarkably Carbureted azote; the compound base of
edge. He would not knowingly offend. fusible, Phillips. prussic acid, called also prussine.
 L.
LAB LAB LAB
L, the twelfth letter of the English Alpha- LABEFA€’TION, n. [L. labefactio, from play or amusements, which are denomi-
bet, is usually denominated a semi-vowel, labefacio ; labo, to totter, and facio, to nated exercise, rather than labor. Toil-
or a liquid. It represents an imperfect} make.] some work; pains; travail; any bodily
articulation, formed by placing the tip o ¢|4 weakening or loosening; a failing; de- exertion which is attended with fatigue.
the tongue against the gum that incloses cay ; downfall; ruin. After the labors of the day, the farmer re-
the roots of the upper teeth ; but the sides LAB’EFY, v. t. To weaken or impair. [ot tires, and rest is sweet. Moderate labor
of the tongue not being in close contact used.] ict. contributes to health.
with the roof of the mouth, the breath of; LA’BEL, n. [W. lab, a strip ; labed, a label.] What is obtained by labor, will of right be the
course not being entirely intercepted, this 1. A narrow slip of silk, paper or parch- property of him by whose labor it is gained.
articulation is attended with an imperfect Rambler.
ment, containing a name or title, and af- 9
sound. The shape of the letter is evi- fixed to any thing, denoting its contents.
~ Intellectual exertion; application of the
dently borrowed from that of the oriental Such are the labels affixed to the vessels mind which occasions weariness; as the
lamed, or lomad, nearly coinciding with ofan apothecary. Labels also are affixed|}. labor of compiling and writing a history.
to deeds or writings to hold the appended|}’ Exertion of mental powers, united with
the Samaritan 2. bodily employment ; as the labors of the
seal. Harris.
L has only one sound in English, as in like, 2. Any paper annexed toa will by way of| apostles in propagating christianity.
canal. At the end of monosyllables, it is addition ; as a codicil. Encyc. Work done, or to be done ; that which re-
often doubled, as in fall, full, tell, bell ;but 3. In heraldry, a fillet usually placed in the quires wearisome exertion.
not after diphthongs and digraphs; foul, middle, along the chief of the coat, with- Being a labor of so great difficulty, the exact
fool, prowl, growl, foal, &c. being written performance thereof we may rather wish than
out touching its extremities. Itis adorned look for. Hooker.
with a single l. with pendants, and used on the arms of|
With some nations,/ and r are commutable; the eldest son, to distinguish him from the
ao Heroic achievment; as the labors of Her-
as in Greek, acpuov, L. Lilium; It. scorta, an cules.
younger sons, while the father is living.
escort, Sp. Port. escolta. Indeed,
l and r 6. nae the pangs and efforts of child-
Encyc. irth.
are letters of the same organ. A long thin brass rule, with a small sight
7. The evils oflife; trials; persecution, &c.
By some nations of Celtic origin, J, at the at one end, and a center-hole at the other, They rest from their Jabors— Rev. xiv.
beginning of words, is aspirated and commonly used with a tangent line on the LA‘BOR, v. i. [L. laboro.] To exert muscu-
doubled in writing, as in the W. Iled, L. edge of a circumferentor, to take altitudes, lar strength ; to act or move with painful
latus ; llan, a lawn; llawr, a floor; Sp. &e. Encye. effort, particularly in servile occupations;
lamar, L. clamo. LA’BEL, v. t. To affix a label to. to work ; to toil.
In some words, J is mute, as in half, calf, LA’/BELED, pp. Furnished with a label. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy
walk, talk, chalk. LA’/BELING, ppr. Distinguishing by a label. work— Ex. xx.
In our mother tongue, the Anglo-Saxon, J is LA/BENT, a. [L. labens.] Sliding ; gliding. a To exert one’s powers of body or mind,
sometimes preceded by h, and aspirated, Dict. or both, in the prosecution of any design ;
as in hlaf, loaf; hladan, to lade or load; LA‘BIAL, a. (Fr. from L. labium, a lip. See to strive ; to take pains.
hiot, lot; hlinian, hleonian, to lean, Gr. ip. Labor not for the meat which perisheth.
xiwa, L. clino. In the latter word, the Pertaining to the lips; formed by the lips; John vi.
Saxon h represents the Greek x and Latin To toil ; to be burdened.
as a labial articulation. Thus b, p, and m
¢, as it does in many other words. Come unto me all ye that labor, and are
are labial articulations, and oo, Fr. ou, It. heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Matt. xi.
in English words, the terminating syllable u, is a labial vowel. 4, To move with difficulty.
le is unaccented, the e is silent, and / hasa LA/BIAL,
n. A letter or character repre- The stone that /abors up the hill.
feeble sound; as in able, eagle, pronoun- senting an articulation of the lips; as 5, /, Glanville.
ced abl, eagl. M, Pp, V- To move irregularly with little progress ;
As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a LA’BIATE, [from L. labiwm, lip.] to pitch and roll heavily; as a ship in a
dash, [, 50,000. As an abbreviation, in LA/BIATED, ;Goin botany, a labiate co- turbulent sea. Mar. Dict.
Latin, it stands for Lucius; and L.L.S. rol is irregular, monopetalous, with two 6. To be in distress ; to be pressed.
for a sesterce, or two libre and a half. lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a nar- —As sounding cymbals aid the laboring
Encyce. moon. Dryden,
row tube with a wide mouth, divided into
LA, exclam. [perhaps corrupted from look, two or more segments arranged in two 7. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of
but this is doubtful.] opposite divisions or lips. A labiate flow- childbirth.
Look; see; behold. Shak. er hasa labiate corol. Martyn. Encyc. 8. To journey or march.
Make not all the people to labor thither.
LA, in music, the syllable by which Guido LA’/BILE, a. [Low L. labilis.] Liable to err, Josh. vii.
denotes the last sound of each bexachord. fall or apostatize. [/Vot used.] Cheyne. 9. To perform the duties of the pastoral of-
Encye. LABIODENT/’AL, a. [labium, a lip, and fice. 1 Tim. v.
LAB, x. A great talker; a blabber. Obs. dens, a tooth.) 10. To perform christian offices.
Chaucer. Formed or pronounced by the cooperation of, To labor under, to be afflicted with; to be
LAB’ADIST, n. The Labadists were follow- the lips and teeth; asfand v. Holder. burdened or distressed with; as, to labor
ers of Jean de Labadie, who lived in the LA/BOR, n. [L. labor. from labo, to fail.] under a disease or an aflliction.
17th century. They held that God can Exertion of muscular strength, or bodily LA’BOR, v. t. To work at; to till; to culti-
and does deceive men, that the observance exertion which occasions weariness ; par- vate.
of the sabbath is a matter of indifference, ticularly, the exertion of the limbs in oc- The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or
and other peculiar or heretical opinions. cupations by which subsistence is obtain- only labored by children. Tooke.
Encye. ed, as in agriculture and manufactures, in 2. To prosecute with effort ;to urge ; as, to
LABDANUM. [See Ladanum.] distinction from exertions of strength in| labor a point or argument.
 LAB LAC LAC
3. To form or fabricate with exertion ; as, to 4. A cavity in the ear. Quincy. \LAC‘’ERATIVE, a. Tearing; having the
labor arms for Troy. den. LABYRINTH/IAN, a. Winding; intricate; power to tear; as lacerative humors.
4. To beat; to belabor. [Zhe latter word is perplexed. Bp. Halt. Harvey.
generally used. | Dryden. LA€, n. (Sp. laca; G. lack; Dan. D. lak; ILAC/ERTINE, a. [L. lacertus.} Like a liz-
5. To form with toil and care; as a labored said to be from the Arabic.] ard. Journ. of Science.
composition. Gum-lac, so called, but improperly, not be- \LACER’TUS, n. The girroc, a fish of the
LA/BORANT, n. A chimist. [oe used.] ing a gum, but a resin. It is deposited on gar-fish kind ; also, the lizard-fish.
Boyle. different species of trees in the East In- Dict. Nat. Hist. Cyc.
LAB/ORATORY, n. [Fr. laboratoire, from dies, by an insect called Chermes lacca. |ILACHE, ie {[Norm. Fr. lachesse, from
labor.} Stick lac is the substance in its natural LACHES, § “* lache; L. laxus, lax, slow.]
1. A house or place where operations and state, encrusting small twigs. When In law, neglect ; negligence.
experiments in chimistry, pharmacy, pyro- broken off and boiled in water, it loses LA€CH’RYMABLE, a. Lamentable.
techny, &c., are performed. its red color, and is called seed lac. When | Morley.
2. A place where arms are manufactured or melted and reduced to a thin crust, it is |LACH/RYMAL, a. [Fr. from L. lachryma,
repaired, or fire-works prepared; as the called shell lac. United with ivory black a tear.]
laboratory in Springfield, in Massachu- or vermilion, it forms black and red seal- 1. Generating or secreting tears; as the
setts. ing wax. A solution with borax, colored lachrymal gland.
3. A place where work is performed, or any by lampblack, constitutes Indian ink. Lac 2. Pertaining to tears ; conveying tears.
thing is prepared for use. Hence the dissolved in alcohol or other menstrua, by ILACH/RYMARY, a. Containing tears.
stomach is called the grand laboratory of different methods of preparation, consti- Addison.
the human body ; the liver, the laboratory tutes various kinds of varnishes and lack- 'ILACHRYMA’TION, n. The act of shed-
of the bile. ers. Thomson. ding tears.
LA’/BORED, pp. Tilled; cultivated; formed LA€’CI€, a. Pertaining to lac, or produced LACH/RYMATORY, n. [Fr.lachrymatoire.]
with labor. from it; as laccie acid. A vessel found in sepulchers of the an-
LA/BORER, n. One who labors in a toil- LACH, n. [Sp. lazo, a tie or knot, Fr. Jacet, cients, in which it has been supposed the
some occupation; a man who does work It. laccio, L. laqueus.| tears of a deceased person’s friends were
that requires little skill, as distinguished 1. A work composed ofthreads interwoven in- collected and preserved with the ashes
from an artisan. to anet, and worked on a pillow with spin- and urn. It was a small glass or bottle
LA’/BORING, ppr. Exerting muscular dles or pins. Fine laces are manufactured like a phial. Encye.
strength or intellectual power; toiling; in France, Italy and England. |LA/CING, ppr. Fastening with a string;
moving with pain or with difficulty ; cul- 2. A string ; a cord. Spenser. adorned or trimmed with lace.
tivating. 3. A snare ; a gin. Fairfax. ILACIN‘IATE, {L. lacinia, a hem.]
A laboring man, or laborer, is often used 4. A plaited string with which females fas- ILACIN’TATED, ;@ Adorned with fringes.
for a man who performs work that re- ten their clothes. 2. In botany, jagged. Martyn.
quires no apprenticeship or professional Doll ne’er was called to cuther lace. Swift. \LACK, v.t. [D. leeg, empty ;leegen, to emp-
skill, in distinction from an artisan; but LACE, v. t. To fasten with a string through ty; Dan. lak, a fault; lakker, to decline or
this restricted sense is not always observ- eyelet holes. wear away; Goth. ufligan, to lack or fail ;
ed. A hard laboring man, is one accus- When Jenny’s stays are newly laced— L. deliquium, which seems to be connect-
tomed to hard Jabor. Prior. ed with linquo, to leave, to faint, and with
LABO’/RIOUS, a. [L. laboriosus ; Fr. labo- 2. To adorn with lace; as cloth laced with | liquo, to melt, liquid, &c.]
rieuz.| silver. Shak. iL. To want; to be destitute of; not to have
1. Using exertion ; employing labor; dili- 3..To embellish with variegations or stripes. or possess.
gent in work or service ; assiduous; used Look, love, what envious streaks If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask it of
of persons ; as a laborious husbandman or Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east. | God— Jamesi.
Shak. 2. To blame. [.Vot in use.] Chaucer.
mechanic ; a laborious minister or pastor.
2. Requiring labor ; toilsome ; tiresome; not! 4. To beat; to lash; [probably to make LACK, v. i. To bein want.
easy ; as laborious duties or services. stripes on.] The young lions do Jack and suffer hunger.
3. Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance, Vl Jace your coat for ye. L’ Estrange. Ps. xxxiv.
or sacrifices. LA’CE-BARK, n. A shrub in the W. In- 2. To be wanting.
Dost thou love watchings, abstinence or toil, dies, the Daphne lagetto, so called from Perhaps there shall Jack five of the fifty right-
Laborious virtues all? Learn these from the texture of its inner bark. eous. Gen. xviii.
Cato. LA‘CED, pp. Fastened with lace or a string;LACK, x. Want; destitution; need; fail-
Addison.
LABO’RIOUSLY, adv. With labor, toil or also, tricked off with lace. ure.
difficulty. Pope. Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it. He that gathered little, had no lack. Ex.
LABO’RIOUSNESS, n. The quality of be- Addison. xvi.
ing laborious, or attended with toil; toil- LA’CEMAN, n. A man who deals in lace. Lack of rupees is one hundred thousand ru-
someness ; difficulty. Addison. pees, which at 55 cents each, amount to
2. Diligence; assiduity. LA‘CEWOMAN, zn. A woman who makes fifty five thousand dollars, or at 2s. 6d.
LA’BORLESS, a. Not laborious. or sells lace. sterling, to £12,500.
Brerewood. LAC’ERABLE, a. [See Lacerate.] That LACK-A-DAY, exclam. of sorrow or regret ;
LA‘BORSOME, a. Made with great labor) may be torn. Harvey. alas.
and diligence. [.Not in use.] Sandys. LAC’ERATE, v. ¢. [L. lacero, to tear.] To LACK’BRAIN, x. One that wants brains,
LABURN'UM, n. A tree of the genus Cy-| tear; torend; to separate a substance by or is deficient in understanding. Shak.
tisus. violence or tearing; as, to lacerate the LACK’ER, ,ped Hite laque.| A kind of
LAB/YRINTH, a. [L. labyrinthus; Gr. flesh. Itis applied chiefly to the flesh, or |LAC‘QUER, varnish. The basis of
nabupwdos. | | figuratively to the heart. But sometimes lackers is a solution of the substance call-
1. Among the ancients, an edifice or place) it is applied to the political or civil divi- ed seed-lac or shell-lac, in spirit of wine or
full ofintricacies, or formed with winding sions 1n a state. alcohol. Varnishes applied to metals im-
passages, which rendered it difficult to find) LAC’ERATE, prove their color and preserve them from
the way from the interior to the entrance. LAC’ERATED, op. or a. Rent; torn. tarnishing. Encyc. Cyc.
The most remarkable of these edifices! 2. In botany, having the edge variously cut Lackers consist of different resins in a state
mentioned, are the Egyptian and the Cre-| into irregular segments ; as a lacerated leaf. ef solution, of which the most common
tan labyrinths. Encye. Lempriere.| Martyn. are mastick, sandarach, lae, benzoin, co-
2. A maze; an inexplicable difficulty. LACERA/TION, n. The act of tearing or pal, amber, and asphalt. The menstrua
3. Formerly, an ornamental maze or wilder-| rending; the breach made by rending. are either expressed or essential oils, or
ness in gardens. Spenser:| Arbuthnot.) spirit of wine. Nicholsox..
 LAC LAD LAD
LACW/ER, v. t. To varnish; to smear over LACTES/CENT, a. Producing milk or
with a ladle or dipper; as, to lade water
with lacker, for the purpose of improving white juice. Arbuthnot.
out ofa tub or into a cistern.
color or preserving from tarnishing and 2. Abounding with a thick colored juice. 3. To draw water. [.Vot in use.]
decay. Encye. LADE, x. The mouthofa river. Obs.
LACK’ERED, pp. Covered with lacker; LA€’TI¢€, a. Pertaining to milk, or procu- Gibson.
varnished. red from sour milk or whey; as the lactic LA/DED, Loaded ; charged with a
LACK’EY, x. [Fr. laquais; Sp. lacayo; acid. Fourcroy. LA’DEN, :PP: burden or freight.
|LA€TIF’/EROUS, a. [L. lac, milk, and fero, 2. a. Oppressed ; burdened.
Port. lacaio; It. lacche; Eth. (VAN lak,
to bear. ] LA’DING, ppr. Loading ; charging with a
to send, whence Van lake, a servant ; 1. Bearing or conveying milk or white juice ; burden or freight; throwing or dipping
L. lego, to send. From this root is the as a lactiferous duct. Boyle. out.
Shemitic pon, a messenger. | \2. Producing a thick colored juice; as a LA/DING, n. That which constitutes a load
An attending servant; a footboy or foot- plant. Encyc. or cargo ; freight; burden; as the lading
man. Addison. LAG/UNAR, n. [L.] An arched roof or of a ship. Acts xxvii.
LACK’EY, v. t. To attend servilely. ceiling. LAD’KIN, n. A little lad ; a youth. [Lit-
Milton. LACU/NOUS, [L. laeunosus, from lacu- tle used.}
LACW’EY, v. i. To act as footboy; to pay LACUNO'SE, §“ na, a ditch or hollow.] aaa n. [Sax. hledle, from hladan, su-
servile attendance. Furrowed or pitted. A lacunose leaf has pra.
Oft have I servants seen on horses ride, the disk depressed between the veins. 1. An utensil somewhat like a dish, with a
The free and noble lackey by their side. Martyn. long handle, used for throwing or dipping
Sandys. LAD, n. [W. lawd, a lad ; and Sax. leod, G. out liquor froma vessel.
LACK’LINEN, a. Wanting shirts. [Little leute, Russ. lead, people, are probably from 2. The receptacle of a mill wheel, which re-
used. Shak. the same root ; Ir. lath, a youth, D. loot, ceives the water which moves it.
LACK’LUSTER, a. Wanting luster or ashoot ; Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. 45, to pro- 3. In gunnery, an instrument for drawing the
brightness. Shak. charge ofa cannon. Mar. Dict.
LA€CON'TE, [Fr. laconique ; L. lacon- create or bear young; Eth. OAS Ar. LA’DLE-FUL, n. The quantity contained in
LACON'I€AL, :* tous ;from Laconia or a ladle. Swift.
AS, walada, id. Class Ld. No 29.] A
Lacones, the Spartans.] LA‘DY, n. [Sax. hlafdig, hlefdiga, hlefdia.
1. Short; brief; pithy ; sententious; ex- young man or boy; a stripling. Locke. The first syllable of this word occurs in
pressing much in few words, after the LAD/ANUM, n. {said to be Arabic.] The hlaford, lord, and this is supposed to be
manner of the Spartans; as a_ laconic resinous juice which exsudes from the hlaf, a loaf, and the words to signify bread-
phrase. Pope. leaves of the Cistus ladanifera, a shrub givers. But this is doubtful; the meaning
2. Pertaining to Sparta or Lacedemonia. which grows in Arabia, Candia, and other of the last syllable not being ascertained in
Trans. of Pausanias. D’Anville. parts of the Archipelago. It is collected either word.]
LACON'ICALLY, adv. Briefly ; concisely ; with a kind of rake, with lether thongs 1k A woman of distinction. Originally, the
as a sentiment laconically expressed. attached to it, with which the shrubs are title of lady was given to the daughters of
LACON'IES, n. A book of Pausanias, brushed. The best sort is in dark-color- earls and others in high rank, but by cus-
which treats of Lacedemonia. ed black masses, of the consistence of a tom, the title belongs to any woman of
LA’cONISM, [L. laconismus.| A con- soft plaster. The other sort isin long rolls genteel education.
LA€ON’ICISM, § ” cise style. coiled up, harder than the former, and o 2. A word of complaisance ; used of women.
2. A brief sententious phrase or expression. a paler color. It is chiefly used in exter- Guardian,
LA€’TAGE, n. The produce of animals nal applications. Encyc. Purr. 3. Mistress; the female who presides or has
vielding milk. Shuckford. LAD’DER, n. [Sax. hledder ; D. ladder or authority over a manor or a family.
LAC/TANT, a. [L. lactans, from lacto, to leder ; G. letter, a ladder, a leader, a guide; LA’DY-BIRD,
give suck; lac, milk.) Suckling; giving A small red vaginopen-
letten, to lead.] LA'’DY-BUG, n.nous or sheath-winged
suck. [Lattle wsed.| _ . A frame of wood, consisting of two side- LA/DY-€O0W,
LA€’TARY, a. [L. lactarius, from lacto; pieces, connected by rounds inserted in LA/DY-FLY, insect. Gay.
lac, milk.] them at suitable distances, aud thus form- A coleopterous insect of the genus Coc-
Milky; full of white juice like milk. [Little ing steps, by which persons may ascend cinella. LTinne.
used. | Brown. a building, &c. LADY’S BED-STRAW, n. A plant of the
LAC/TARY, x. [L. lactarius.| A dairy- 2. That by which a person ascends or rises; genus Galium.
house. means of ascending ; as a ladder made of LADY’S BOWER, n. A plant of the genus
LA€’TATE, n. In chimistry, a salt formed cords. Shak. Clematis.
by the lactic acid, or acid of milk, with a Lowliness is young ambition’s ladder. LADY’S €OMB, n. A plant of the genus
base. Fourcroy. Shak. Scandix.
LACTA/TION, n. [L. lacto, to give suck.] 3. Gradual rise; elevation. LADY’S CUSHION, x. A plant of the ge-
The act of giving suck; or the time of nus Saxifraga.
Mounting fast towards the top of the ladder
suckling. Johnson. Encye.
ecclesiastical. Swift. LADY’S FINGER, x, A plant of the genus
LA€’TEAL, a. Pertaining to milk. Anthyllis.
2. Conveying chyle ; as a lacteal vessel. LADE, v.t. pret. laded; pp. laded, laden. LADY’S MANTLE, n. A plant ofthe genus
LA€/TEAL, n. A vessel or slender tube of| [Sax. ladan and hladan ; G. laden; D. Alchemilla.
animal bodies, for conveying chyle from laaden ; Sw. ladda; Dan. ladder; Russ. LADY’S SEAL, n. A plant of the genus
the intestines to the common reservatory. klad, a load or cargo; kladu, to put, to Tamus.
Encye. lay, to make, build or found, to lay eggs, LADY’S SLIPPER, n. A plant of the ge-
LA€’TEOUS, a. [L.lacteus, from lac, milk.) to give, to suppose, &c. Here we observe nus Cypripedium.
1. Milky ; resembling milk. Brown. that to load or lade is to throw, that is, to LADY’S SMOCK, x. A plant of the genus
2. Lacteal; conveying chyle; as a lacteous put on or in, for to send, thrust, throw, is Cardamine.
vessel. Bentley. the sense of laying eggs. Now this is pre- LADY’S TRACES, n. A plant of the genus
LA€CTES’CENCE, n. [L. lactescens, lactes- cisely the radical signification of the words Ophrys.
co, from lacto; lac, milk.] loud, lad, W. lad, clod, L. plaudo, &c.| LA/DY-DAY, n. The day of the annuncia-
1. Tendency to milk; milkiness or milky - To load; to put on or in, as a burden or tion of the holy virgin, March 25th.
color. Boyle. freight. We lade aship with cotton. We LA/DY-LIKE, a. Like a lady in manners;
2. In botany, milkiness ; the liquor which lade a horse or other beast with corn. genteel ; well bred.
flows abundantly from a plant, when And they Jaded their asses with the corn and 2. Soft; tender; delicate. Dryden.
wounded ; commonly white, but some- departed thence. Gen. xlii. LA/DYSHIP, n. The title of alady.
times yellow or red. Martyn. i2. To dip; to throw in or out, as a fluid, Shak. Dryden.
 LAK LAM LAM
LAG, a. [This word belongs to the root of] on the globe, particularly the lakes On- LA/MELY, adv. [See Lame.j Like a cripple ;
slack, slow, sluggish, languish, long ;Goth. tario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior. with impaired strength; in a_ halting
lages ; W. lag, lac ;Gr.rayyeve, Awyyase. 2. A middie color between ultramarme and manner ; as, to walk lamely.
Class Lg. See the Verb.] : vermilion, made of cochineal. Dryden. 2. Imperfectly ;without a complete exhibi-
i. Coming after or behind ;slow; sluggish ; LA/KY, a. Pertaining to a Jake or lakes. tion of parts; asa figure lamely drawn :
tardy. Shak Sherwood. a scene lamely described.
2, Last; long delayed ; as the lag end. Shak LAMA, n. The sovereign pontiff, or rather 3. Weakly; pocrly ; unsteadily ; feebly.
[This adjective is not now in use.] the god of the Asiatic Tartars. Encye. |LA/MENESS, n. An impaired state of the
LAG, n. The lowest class; the rump; the 2. A small species of camel, the Camelus body or limbs; loss of natural soundness
fag end. lama of South America. and strength by a wound or by disease;
2. He that comes behind. [Wot in use.] LAM‘ANTIN, A species of the walrus particularly applied to the limbs, and im-
Shak. LAMENTIN. §™ oy sea-cow, the Triche- | plying a total or partial inability; as the
LAG, v. i. [W. llag, lac, slack, loose ; Goth. chus manatus. Encyc. lameness of the leg or arm. re
laggs, long; Eng. to flag, and flacceo, lan- LAMB, n. lam. [Goth. and Sax. lamb; D. (2. Imperfection; weakness ; as the lameness
gueo, to languish, &c. The sense is to Dan. lam ; G. lamm; Sw.lamb. The let- of an argument or of a deseription.
extend or draw out, or to become lax or ter 6 is casual and useless. I suspect the LAMENT, v. i. [L. lamentor.| To mourn ;
loose. Class Lg.] word to signify a shoot, as in other cases to grieve; to weep or wail; to express sor-
To walk or move slowly; to loiter; to stay of the young ofanimals, from a root which row.
behind. is retained in the Welsh liamu, to bound, Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chron. xxxv
I shall not lag behind. Milton. to skip.] \2. To regret deeply; to feel sorrow.
LAG/GARD, n. Slow ; sluggish ;backward. 1. The young of the sheep kind. LAMENT, v. t. To bewail; to mourn for;
[.Vot used.] Collins. 2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the Say- to bemoan; to deplore.
LAG’GER, a. A loiterer; an idler; one ior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes.
who moves slowly and falls behind. paschal lamb. Dryden.
LAG’GING, ppr. Loitering ;moving slow- Behold the lamb of God, who taketh away LAMENT’, n. [L.lamentum.] Grief or sor-
ly and falling behind. the sin of the world. Johni. row expressed in complaints or cries; la-
The nurse went lagging after with the child. LAMB, v. t. To bring forth young, as sheep. mentation; a weeping.
Dryden. LAM'BATIVE, a. [L. lambo, to lick; W. Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.
LAGOON,’ {It. Sp. laguna, from the root Uaib, Ueibiar, to lap. Milton.
LAGU'NE, re of lake.] A fen, moor, marsh, Taken by licking. [Little used.] Brown. [This noun is used chiefly or solely in
shallow pond or lake ; as the lagunes of LAM’BATIVE, n. A medicine taken by poetry.
Venice. Ray. Smollet. licking with the tongue. Wiseman. LAM’ENTABLE, a. [Fr. from L. lamentab-
LATE, {It. laico, laicale, Fr. laique, Sp. LAM’BENT, a. [L. lambens, lambo, to lick.] ilis.|
LA‘IEAL, * Taycal, D. leek, L. laicus, from Playing about; touching lightly ; gliding 1. To be lamented ; deserving sorrow; as a
Gr. Aacxos, from aaos, people. The Greek over; as a lambent flame. Dryden. lamentable declension of morals.
aaos is probably a contracted word.] LAMBKIN, n. lam/kin. A small lamb. 2. Mournful; adapted to awaken grief; as a
Belonging to the laity or people, in distinc- Gay. lamentable tune.
tion from the clergy. LAMBLIKE, a. lam‘like. Like a lamb ; 3. Expressing sorrow ; as lamentable cries.
LA‘I€, n, A layman. Bp. Morton. gentle ; humble ; meek; as a lamblike tem- 4, Miserable; pitiful; low; poor; in a sense
LAID, pret. and pp. of lay ; so written for lay- er. rather ludicrous. [(Lnttle used.)
ed. LAMDOID'AL, a. [Gr. Aauda, the name of| Stillingfleet.
LAIN, pp. of lie. Lien would be a more the letter A, and «dos, form.] LAMW/ENTABLY, adv. Mournfully ; with
regular orthography, but lain is generally In the form of the Greek A, the English L ; expressions or tokens of sorrow. Sidney.
used. as the lamdoidal suture. Sha rp.|'2. So as to cause sorrow. Shak.
LAIR, x. [G. lager, from the root oflay, L. LAME, a. [Sax. lame or lama; G. lahm; D. 3. Pitifully ;despicably.
locus.] Dan. lam; Sw. lahm. It is probably alli- LAMENTA’TION, n. [L. lamentatio.] Ex-
1. Aplace of rest; the bed or couch ofa ed to limp. pression of sorrow; cries of grief; the act
boar or wild beast. Milton. Dryden. 1. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or other- of bewailing.
2, Pasture ; the ground. Spenser. wise injured so as to be unsound and im- In Rama was there a voice heard, lamenta-
LAIRD, n. [contracted from Sax. hlaford, paired in strength; as a lame arm or leg, | tion and weeping. Matt. ii.
lord. or a person lame in one leg. 2. In the plural, a book of Scripture, contain-
In ue Scots dialect, a lord ; the proprietor 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory ; as a lame ing the lamentations of Jeremiah.
of a manor. Cleaveland. excuse. Swift .| LAMENT’ED, pp. Bewailed; mourned for.
LAJITY, n. [Gr. 2005, people. See Laic.]| 3. Hobbling ; not smooth; as numbers in \|LAMENT’ER, zn. One who mourns,or cries
1. The people, as distinguished from the verse. Dryden. out with sorrow.
clergy ; the body of the people not in or- LAME, v. t. To make lame; to cripple or |LAMENTIN. [See Lamantin.]
ders. Swift. disable ; to render imperfect and unsound ; \LAMEN'T’ING, ppr. Bewailing ;mourning ;
2. The state of a layman, or of not being in as, to Jame an armor aleg. Dryden. weeping.
orders. [Vot used.] Ayliffe. LAW’EL, n. [L. lamella ;W. llavyn. See LAMENT'ING, n. A mourning; lamenta-
LAKE, v.2. (Sw. leka ;Dan. leger ; Goth. Lamin.| A thin plate or scale of any thing. | tion.
laikon.| LAM’ELLAR, a. [from lamel.] Disposed LA'MIA, n. [L.] A hag; a witch; a de-
To play ; to sport. orth ofEngland. This in thin plates or scales. mon.
is play, Sax. plegan, without a prefix. LAM’ELLARLY, adv.
In thin plates or LAM‘IN, n, LL: lamina ;W. Uavyn, from
LAKE, n. [G. lache, a puddle; Fr. lac; L. scales. |LAM'INA, § ™ extending, W. llav.]
lacus; Sp. It. lago ; Sax. luh; Scot. loch ; LAM’ELLATE, Formed in thin 1. A thin plate or scale ; a layer or coat lying
Ir. lough ; Ice. laugh. A lake is a stand) LAM'ELLATED, § “ plates or scales, or over another; applied to the plates of
of water, from the root of lay. Hence L| covered with them. minerals, bones, &c. Encyc.
lagena, Eng. flagon, and Sp. laguna, la- |\LAMELLIF’EROUS, a. [L. lamella and 2. A bone, or part of a bone, resembling a
goon.| Jfero, to produce. | thin plate, such as the cribriform plate of
1. A large and extensive collection of water Producing plates; an epithet of polypiers|| the ethmoid bone. Parr.
contained in a cavity or hollow of the presenting lamellar stars, or waved fur- 3. The lap ofthe ear. Parr.
earth. It differs from a pond in size, the| rows garnished with plates. 4, The border, or the upper, broad or spread-
latter being a collection of small extent ; Dict. Nat. Hist.|| ing part of the petal, in a polypetalous
but sometimes a collection of water is call- LAM’ELLIFORM, a. [L. lamella, a plate,|| corol. Martyn.
ed a pond or a lake indifferently. North and form.| Having the form ofa plate. LAM’INABLE, a. Capable of being formed
America contains some of the largest lakes'| Journ. of Science.|| into thin plates. Kirwan.
Vol. IL.
 LAM LAN LAN
LAMINAR, a. In plates; consisting of thin fistuia or aperture on the top of the head, raqueous, consisting of land and water.
plates or layers. but no pectoral or ventral fins. The ma- The seaman in a long voyage longs to see
LAMINATE, Plated; consisting of rine or sea lamprey is sometimes found so land.
LAMINATED, ,f * plates, scales or layers, large as to weigh four or five pounds. 2. Any portion of the solid, superficial part
one over another. Encye. ofthe globe, whether a kingdom or coun-
LAMM, v. t. To beat. [.Vot in use.] Lamprel and lampron. [See Lamprey.] try, or a particular region. The United
Beaum. LA/NATE, [L. lanatus, from lana, States is denominated the land of freedom.
LAM’MAS, n. [Sax. hlammesse, from LAN’/ATED, §% wool.] |Wooly. In bot- Go, view the land, even Jericho. Josh. ii.
hlafmesse, loaf-mass, bread-feast, or feast any, covered with a substance like curled
of first fruits. Lyye.] hairs; as a lanated leaf or stem. 3. Any small portion of the superficial part
The first day of August. Bacon. LANCE, n. lans. [L. lancea; Fr. lance; of the earth or ground. We speak of the
LAMP, n. [Fr. lampe; L. lampas; Gr. Sp. lanza; It. lancia; G.lanze; D. Sw. quantity of land in a manor. Five hun-
Aaurtas, from Aaune, to shine; Heb. and lans; Dan. lantse; Slav. lanzha; Gr. dred acres ofland is a large farm.
Ch.55. Qu.) aoyxn. This word probably belongs to 4. Ground ; soil, or the superficial part of the
1. A vessel for containing oil to be burned Class Lg, and is named from shooting, earth in respect to its nature or quality;
sending. | as good land; poor land; moist or dry
by means efa wick; ora light, a burning land.
wick inserted in a vessel of oil. Hence, A spear, an offensive weapon in form of|
2. Figuratively, a light of any kind. The a half pike, used by the ancients and 5. Realestate. A traitor forfeits all his lands
thrown by the hand. It consisted of the and tenements.
moon is called the lamp of heaven. 6. The inhabitants of a country or region;
Thy gentle eyes send forth a quickening spirit, shaft or handle, the wings and the dart.
To feed the dying lamp of life within me. a nation or people.
Encye.
Rowe. LANCE, v. t. [Arm. lancza, to shoot, to These answers in the silent night received,
Lamp of safety, or safety lamp, a lamp for yomit.] The king himself divulged, the land believed.
lighting coal mines, without exposing 1. To pierce with a lance or with a sharp Dryden.
workmen to the explosion of inflammable pointed instrument. 7. The ground left unplowed between fur-
air. Davy. —Seized the due victim, and with fury lane’d rows, is by some of our farmers called a
LAM’PAS, n. [Fr.] A lump of flesh of the Her back. Dryden. land.
size ofa nut, in the roofofa horse’s mouth, 2. To pierce or cut; to open with a lancet; To make the land, In seaman’s language,
and rising above the teeth. Far. Dict. as, to lance a vein or an abscess.
To make land, is to discover land from
LAMP’BLACK, n. [lamp and black ; being sea, as the ship approaches it.
originally made by means of a lamp or LANCELY, a. lansly. Suitable to a lance. To shut in the land, to lose sight of the land
torch.] Sidney. left, by the intervention of a point or prom-
A fine soot formed by the condensation of LAN’CEOLAR, a. In botany, tapering to- ontory.
the smoke of burning pitch or resinous wards each end. As. Res. To set the land, to see by the compass how
substances, in a chimney terminating in a LAN’/CEOLATE, Shaped like a lance; it bears from the ship.
cone of cloth. Fourcroy. LAN/CEOLATED, § “ oblong and gradual- LAND, n. [Sax. hland or hlond.] Urine;
LAMP'IATE, n. A compound salt, compo- ly tapering toward each extremity ; spear- whence the old expression, land dam, to
sed of lampic acid and a base. Ure. shaped ; as a lanceolate leaf. Martyn. kill. Obs. Shak.
LAMP/I€, a. The lampic acid is obtained LANCEPESA’DE, x. [It. lancia-spezzata, LAND, v. t. To set on shore; to disembark;
by the combustion of ether by means ofa a demi-lance-man, alight horseman.] An to debark ; as, to land troops from a ship
lamp. Ure. officer under the corporal. J. Hall. or boat; to land goods.
LAMP’ING, a. [It. lampante.] Shining; L‘ANCER, n. One who lances; one who LAND, v. i. To go on shore from a ship or
sparkling. [.Vot used.} Spenser. boat; to disembark.
carries a lance.
LAMPOON’, x. [Qu. Old Fr. lamper.] L‘ANCET, n. [Fr. lancette, from lance.] A LAN’DAU, n. A kind of coach or carriage
A personal satire in writing ;abuse; cen- whose top may be opened and thrown
surgical instrument, sharp-pointed and
sure written to reproach and vex rather back ; so called from a town in Germany.
two-edged ; used in venesection, and in
than to reform. LAND’-BREEZE, 2. [land and breeze.] A
opening tumors, abscesses, &c. Encye.
Johnson. Dryden. Pope. 2. A pointed window. Warton. current of air setting from the land to-
LAMPOON’, v.t. To abuse with personal wards the sea.
L‘'ANCH, v. t. [from lance, Fr. lancer.] To LAND‘ED, pp. Disembarked ; set on shore
censure ; to reproach in written satire. throw, as a lance; to dart; to let fly.
LAMPOON’ER, n. One who abuses with from a ship or boat.
personal satire; the writer of a lampoon. See whose arm can lanch the surer bolt. 2. a. Having an estate in land; as a landed
Dryden. Lee. gentleman.
The squibs are those who are called libelers,
lampooners, and pamphleteers. _ Tatler. 2. To move, or cause to slide from the land The house of commons must consist, for the
LAMPOON'ING, ppr. Abusing with per- into the water; as, to lanch a ship. most part, of landed men. Addison.
sonal satire. L‘ANCH, v. 7. To dart or fly off; to push 3. Consisting in real estate or land; as
LAMPOON’RY, n. Abuse. off; as, to lanch into the wide world; to landed security; landed property. The
LAM’PREY, 2. [Fr. lamproie ; Sax. lamp- lanch into a wide field of discussion. landed interest of a nation is the interest
reda; G. lamprete; D. lamprei; Dan. L‘ANCH, n. The. shding or movement ofa consisting in land; but the word is used
lampret ; Sp. and Port. lamprea; It. lam- ship from the land into the water, on ways also for the owners of that interest, the
preda; W. lleiprog; Arm. lamprezenn. prepared for the purpose. wroprietors of land.
In Arm. lampra signifies to slip or glide. 2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more LAND/FALL, n. [land and fall.]_ A sud-
In Welsh lleipiaw, is to lick or lap, and} flat-bottomed than a long boat. den translation of property in land by the
lleipraw, to make flabby. If m is casual, Mar. Dict. death ofa rich man. Johnson.
which is probable, the Armorie lampra for LAND, n. [Goth. Sax. G. D. Dan. Sw. land. 2. In seamen’s language, the first land dis-
lapra, coincides with L. labor, to ship, and I suppose this to be the W. llan, a clear covered after a voyage. Mar. Dict.
most probably the animal is named from place or area, and the same as lawn; LAND'FLOOD, x. [land and flood.} An
slipping. If, however, the sense is taken Cantabrian, landa, a plain or field, It. overflowing of land by water; an inun-
from licking the rocks, as Camden suppo Sp. landa. The final d is probably ad- dation. Properly, a flood from the land
ses, it accords with the sense of the tech- ventitious. ‘The primary sense is a lay or from the swelling of rivers ;but I am not
nical name of the genus pelromyzon, the spread. Class Ln.] sure that it is always used in this sense.
rock-sucker.| —_. Earth, or the solid matter which consti- LAND!-FORCE, n. [land and force.] A mil-
A genus of anguilliform fishes, resembling the tutes the fixed part of the surface of the itary force, army or troops serving on land,
eel, and moving in water by winding, like globe, in distinction from tbe sea or other as distinguished from a naval force.
the serpent on land. This fish has seven waters, which constitute the fluid or mova- LAND/GRAVE, n. [G. landgraf; D. land-
spiracles on each side of the neck, and a ble part. lence we say, the globe is ter- graaf. Graf or graaf is an earl or count,
 LAN LAN LAN
Sax. gerefa,a companion or count. It is —Whilst the landscape round it measures, mary sense of language, the use of which
contracted into reeve, as in sheriff, or shire- Russet lawns and fallows gray, is to communicate the thoughts of one
reeve.| Where the nibbling flocks do stray. Milton. person to another through the organs of
In Germany, a count or earl; or an officer, 2. A picture, exhibiting the form of a district hearing. Articulate sounds are repre-
nearly corresponding to the earl of Eng- of country, as far as the eye can reach, or sented by letters, marks or characters
land, and the count of France. It is now a particular extent ofland and the objects, which form words. Hence language con-
a title of certain princes who possess es- it contains, or its various scenery. sists also in
tates or territories called landgraviates. Addison. Pope.| 2. Words duly arranged in sentences, writ-
Encyc. 3. The view or prospect of a district of ten, printed or engraved, and exhibited to
LANDGRA’‘VIATE, n. The territory held country. the eye.
by a landgrave, or his office, jurisdiction LAND’SLIP, n. A portion of a hill or moun-! 3. The speech or expression of ideas pecul-
or authority. Encye. tain, which slips or slides down; or the! iar to a particular nation. Men had orig-
LAND/HOLDER, x. A holder, owner or sliding down of a considerable tract of inally one and the same language, but
proprietor of land. land from a mountain. Landslips are not the tribes or families of men, since their
LAND'ING, ppr. Setting on shore ; coming unfrequent in Swisserland. Goldsmith. dispersion, have distinet languages.
on shore. |LAND/SMAN, n. In seaman’s language, a) 4, Style; manner of expression.
LAND/‘ING, A place on the sailor on board a ship, who has not before}
Others for language all their care express.
LAND/ING-PLACE, ;™ shore of the sea been at sea. |
or of a lake, or on the bank of a river, LAND/STREIGHT, x. A narrow slip of 5. The inarticulate sounds by which Pope.irra-
where persons land or come on shore, or | land. [Not used.] Mountague. tional animals express their feelings and
where goods are set on shore. LAND/-TAX, n. A tax assessed on land
wants. Each species of animals has pe-
LAND‘JOBBER, ». A man who makes a and buildings.
culiar sounds, which are uttered instinct-
business of buying land on speculation, or |LAND’-TURN, n. A land breeze. —Encyc. ively, and are understood by its own spe-
of buying and selling for the profit of bar- LAND’-WAITER, n. An officer of the cus- cies, and its own species only.
gains, or who buys and sells for others. toms, whose duty is to wait or attend on 6. Any manner of expressing thoughts.
LAND’LADY, n. [See Landlord.] A wo- the landing of goods, and to examine, Thus we speak of the language of the eye,
man who has tenants holding from her. weigh or measure, and take an account of) alanguage very expressive and intelligible.
Johnson. them. Encye.) 7. A nation, as distinguished by their speech.
2. The mistress of an inn. Swift. LAND’WARD, adv. Toward the land. Dan. iii.
LAND’'LESS, a. Destitute of land; having Sandys.
LAN’GUAGED, a. Having a language; as
no property in land. Shak. LAND/-WIND, n. A wind blowing from the)
land. many-languaged nations. Pope.
LAND’‘LOCK, v.¢t. [land and lock.] To in-
close or encompass by land. LAND’-WORKER, n. One who tills the LAN’GUAGE-MASTER, nn. One whose
LAND’/LOCKED, pp. Encompassed by ground. Pownall. profession is to teach languages.
land, so that no point of the compass is |LANE, x. [D.laan, a lane, a walk. Class’ Spectator.
open to the sea. Encye. Lnu.] LAN’GUET, n. [Fr. languette.] Any thin
LAND’LOPER, n. [See Leap and Interlo- 1. A narrow way or passage, or a private in the shape of the tongue. [Vot English}
er.| passage, as distinguished from a_ public; Johnson.
Alanine ; literally, a land runner ; a term road or highway. A lane may be open to LAN’GUID, a. [L. languidus, from langueo,
of reproach among seamen to designate a all passengers, or it may be inclosed and to droop or flag. See Languish.]
man who passes his life on land. appropriated to a man’s private use. In| 1. Flagging ;drooping ; hence, feeble; weak;
LAND’LORD, n. [Sax. land-hlaford, lord of} the U. States, the word is used chiefly in heavy ; dull; indisposed to exertion. The
the land. Butin German lehen-herr, D. the country, and answers in a degree, to body is languid after excessive action,
leen-herr, is lord of the loan or fief. Per- an alley in a city. It has sometimes been which exhausts its powers.
haps the Saxon is so written by mistake, used for alley. In London, the word lane 2. Slow ; as languid motion.
or the word may have been corrupted. } is added to the names of streets ; as chan- 3. Dull; heartless ;without animation.
1. The lord of amanor or of land; the own- cery lane. And fire their languid soul with Cato’s virtue.
er of land who has tenants under him. 2. A passage between lines of men, or peo-| Addison.
Johnson. ple standing on each side. Bacon. LAN’GUIDLY, adv. Weakly ; feebly ;
2. The master of an inn or tavern. LAN’GRAGE, Langrel shot or langrage, slowly. Boyle.
Aldison. LAN’GREL, “is a particular kind of
LAN’/GUIDNESS, n. Weakness from ex-
LAND/MAN, n. A man whoserves on land ; shot used at sea for tearing sails and rig-
opposed to seaman. ging, and thus disabling an enemy’s ship. haustion of strength; feebleness; dull-
It consists of bolts, nails and other pieces ness ; languor.
LAND/MARK, n. [land and mark.] A
mark to designate the boundary of land; of iron fastened together. Mar. Dict. 2. Slowness.
any mark or fixed object; asa marked LANGTERALOO/, n. A game at ecards. LAN/GUISH, v.i. [Fr. languir, languis-
tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones, Tatler. sant; Arm. languicza; It. languire; L.
by which the limits of a farm, a town or LAN’GUAGE, n. [Fr. langage ;Sp. lengua, langueo, lachinisso; Gr. rayyzve, to flag,
other portion of territory may be known lenguage ; Port. linguagem ; It. linguag- to lag. This word is of the family of We
and preserved. gio; Arm. langaich; from L. lingua, the! lac, slack, loose; Uaciaw, to slacken, to
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor’s land- tongue, and speech. It seems to be con- relax. L. laxo, larus, flacceo, and Goth.
mark. Deut. xix. nected with lingo, to lick; the n is evi- laggs, long, may be of the same family.]
2. In navigation, any elevated object on dently casual, for ligula, in Latin, is a little) 1. To lose strength or animation; to be or
land that serves as a guide to seamen. tongue, and this signifies also a strap or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine;
LAND’-OFFICE, n. In the United States, an lace, as if the primary sense were to ex- to be or to grow heavy. We languisk
office in which the sales of new land are tend. ] | under disease or after excessive exertion.
registered, and warrants issued for the lo- t. Human speech; the expression of ideas She that hath borne seven languisheth. Jer.
cation of land, and other business respect- by words or significant articulate sounds, Xv.
ing unsettled land is transacted. for the communication of thoughts. Lan- 2. To wither; to fade; to lose the vegeta-
LAND/SC€APE, n. [D. landschap ; G. land- guage consists in the oral utterance of, ting power.
schaft; Dan. landskab; Sw. landskap; sounds, which usage has made the repre- For the fields of Heshbon languish. Is. xvi.
land and skape.} sentatives of ideas. When two or more, 3. To grow dull; to be no longer active and
1. A portion of land or territory which the persons customarily annex the same} vigorous. The war languished for want
eye can comprehend in a single view, in- sounds to the same ideas, the expression of supplies. Commerce, agriculture, man-
cluding mountains, rivers, lakes, and what- of these sounds by one person communi-
ever the land contains. ufactures languish, not for want of money,
cates his ideas to another. ‘This is the pri-' but for want of good markets, :
 LAN LAP LAP
4. To pine or sink under sorrow or any con- The clergy’s bags LAP, v. 2. To be spread or laid; to be turn-
tinued passion; as,a woman languishes Are lank and lean with thy extortions. ed over.
for the loss of her lover. Shak. The upper wings are opacous ; at their hind-
2. Thin; slender; meager; not full and erends where they lap over, transparent like the
Therefore shall the land mourn, and every
one that dwelleth therein shall languish. Ho-
firm; as a lank body. wing of a fly. Grew.
sea lv.
3. Languid ; drooping. [See Languish.] LAP, v. 7. [Sax. lappian; D. labben ;Arm.
. To look with softness or tenderness, as Milton. lappa ; Fr. laper; Dan. laber; W. llepiaw,
with the head reclined and a peculiar cast LANK’LY, adv. Thinly; loosely; laxly. Ueibiaw ; Gr. rant. If mis casual in L.
of the eye. 3 Dryden. LANK’NESS, nz. Laxity ; flabbiness ; lean- tambo, as it probably is, this is the same
LAN’GUISH, v.¢. To cause to droop or ness ; Slenderness. word. Class Lb. No. 22.]
pine. feats used. | Shak.) LANK’Y, n. Lank. [Vulgar.] To take up liquor or food with the tongue;
LAN’GUISH, n. Act of pining; also, a soft) LAN’/NER, [Fr. lanier ; L.laniarius, to reed or drink by licking.
and tender look or appearance. LAN’NERET, IS a butcher.] A The dogs by the river Nilus’ side being
And the blue languish of soft Allia’s eye. species of hawk. thirsty, Jap hastily as they run along the shore.
Pope. LANS’QUENET, n. [lance and knecht, a Digby.
LAN’/GUISHER, x. One who languishes boy, a knight.} And the number of them that lapped Fete
1. A common foot soldier. three hundred men. Judg. vii.
or pines.
LAN’GUISHING, ppr. Becoming or being 2. A game at cards. Johnson. Encyc. LAP, v. t. To take into the mouth with the
feeble ; losing strength; pining; wither- LAN’TERN, n. [Fr. lanterne; L. laterna; tongue ; to lick up; as, a cat Japs milk.
ing; fading. G. laterne ;D. lantaarn ; Sp. linterna.} Shak.
2. a. Having a languid appearance; as a) 1. A case or vessel made of tin perforated LAP’DOG, n. A small dog fondled in the
languishing eye. with many holes, or of some transparent lap. Dryden.
LAN’GUISHINGLY, adv. Weakly; feebly ; substance, as glass, horn, or oiled paper ; LAP’FULL, n. As much as the lap can
dully ; slowly. used for carrying a candle or other light) contain. 2 Kings iv.
2. With tender softness. in the open air, or into stables, &c. LAP/ICIDE, n. A stone-cutter. [.Vot used.]
LAN’GUISHMENT, n. The state of pin-| Locke. Dict.
ing. Spenser.| A dark lantern is one with a single open- LAPIDA’RIOUS, a. [L. lapidarius, from
2. Softness of look or mien, with the head) ing, which may be closed so as to conceal lapis, a stone.] Stony; consisting of
reclined. Dryden. the light. stones.
LAN’GUOR, n. [L. languor; Fr. langueur.)|\: . A light-house or light to direct the course LAP IDARY, n. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapida-
1. Feebleness; dullness; heaviness; lassi- of ships. Addison. rius, lapis, a stone.]
tude of body; that state of the body Tn architecture, a little dome raised over 1. An artificer who cuts precious stones.
which is induced by exhaustion of the roof of a building to give light, and 2. A dealer in precious stones.
strength, as by disease, by extraordinary to serve as a crowning to the fabric. 3. A virtuoso skilled in the nature and
exertion, by the relaxing effect of heat, or Encyc. kinds of gems or precious stones. Encyc.
by weakness from any cause. . Asquare cage of carpentry placed over LAP'IDARY, a. Pertaining to the art of
2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty; list- the ridge of a corridor or gallery, between cutting stones. The lapidary style de-
lessness. Watts.'| two rows of shops, to illuminate them. notes that which is proper for monumental
3. Softness; laxity. Encyc. and other inscriptions. Encyce.
To isles of fragrance, lily-silvered vales, \Magic lantern, an optical machine by which) LAP/IDATE, v.¢. [L. lapide.] To stone.
Diffusing languor in the parting gales. painted images are represented so much [Vot used.|
Duneiad. magnified as to appear like the effect of LAPIDA/TION, n. The act of stoning a
LAN’GUOROUS, a. Tedious ;melancholy. magic. person to death. Hall.
Obs. Spenser. LAN’TERN-ELY, n. An insect of the ge- LAPID/EOUS, a. [L. lapideus.] Stony ; of
LAN’/GURE, v.t. To languish. [/Vot in nus Fulgora. Encye, the nature of stone; as lapideous matter.
use. | Chaucer. LAN’/TERN-JAWS, n. A thin visage. [Little used.] Ray.
LANIARD, xn. lan/yard. [Fr. laniere, a Spectator. LAPIDES/CENCE, n. [L. lapidesco, from
strap.} LANU’GINOUS, a. [L. lanuginosus, from lapis, a stone. }
A short piece of rope or line, used for fasten- lanugo, down, from lana, wool.] 1. The process of becoming stone; a hard-
ing something in ships, as the laniards of] Downy; covered with down, or fine soft ening into astony substance.
the gun-ports, of the buoy, of the cathook, hair. | 2. A stony concretion. Brown.
&c., but especially used to extend the LAODICE/AN, a. Like the christians of} LAPIDES’CENT, a. Growing or turning
shrouds and stays of the masts, by their Laodicea; lukewarm in religion. to stone; that has the quality of petrify-
communication with the dead eyes, &c. ing bodies. Encyce.
Mar. Dict. |LAODICE’ANISM, x. Lukewarmness in LAPIDES’CENT, x. Any substance which
religion. E. Stiles. has the quality of petrifying a body, or
LA'NIATE, v. é. [L. lanio.] To tear in| LAP, n. [Sax. leppe; G. lappen; D. Dan.|
pieces. [Little used.] converting it to stone.
LANTA/TION, n. A tearing in pieces. [Zat- lap; Sw. lapp. ‘This word seems tobe a LAPIDIF'I€, a. [L. lapis, a stone, and fa-
different orthography of flap.] cio, to make.] Forming or converting in-
tle used.|
LANIF’EROUS, a. [L. lanifer ;lana, wool, 1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part to stone.
and fero, to produce.] Bearing or produ- ofa garment that plays loosely. Swift. LAPIDIFICA’TION, n. The operation of
cing wool. 2. The part of clothes that lies on the knees forming or converting into a stony sub-
when a person sits down; hence, the stance, by means of a liquid charged with
LAN‘IFICE, a. [L. lanificium ; lana, wool,
and facio, to make.]} knees in this position. earthy particles in solution, which erys-
Manufacture of wool. [Little used.) } Men expect that happiness should drop into talize in the interstices, and end in form-
Bacon. their laps. Tillotson. ing free stone, pudding stone, &c.
LANIG’EROUS, a. [L. laniger ;lana, wool, LAP, v. t. To fold; to bend and lay over or ie Dict. Nat. Hist.
and gero, to bear.] Bearing or producing on; as, to lap a piece of cloth. LAPID‘IFY, v.t. [L. lapis, a stone, and
wool. | To lap boards, is to lay one partly over facio, to form.] To form into stone.
LANK, a. (Sax. hlanca; Gr. 2ayapos ;prob- another. LAPID'IFY, v.7. To turn into stone; to
ably allied to flank, and W. llac, slack, lax 3 2. To wrap or twist round. become stone.
laciaw, to slacken ; G. schlank.] I lapped a slender thread about the paper. LAP’IDIST, n. A dealer in precious stones.
1. Loose or lax and easily yielding to pres- /Vewton. [See Lapidary.]
sure ; not distended ; not stiff or firm by 3. To infold; to involve. LAPIS, in Latin, a stone. Hence,
distension; not plump; as a lank bladder} Her garment spreads, and Japs him in the Lapis Bononiensis, the Bolognian stone.
or purse, \ folds. Dryden. Lapis Hepaticus, liver stone.
 LA®P® LAR LAR
Lapis Lazuli, azure stone, an
aluminous |LAPS/ING, ppr. Gliding ;flowing; failing;\1. Big; of great size; bulky; as a large
mineral, of arich blue color, resembling falling to one person through the omission body ; a large horse or ox; a large moun-
the blue carbonate of copper. [See La- of another. tain; a large tree; a large ship.
zult. LAP’WING, x. A bird of the genus Trin- 9 Wide; extensive; as a large field or
Layis +dius, touch-stone; basanite ; a va- ga; the tewit. plain ; a large extent ofterritory.
riety of siliceous slate. LAP’WORK, n. Work in which one part) 3. Extensive or populous ; containing many
LAP'PED, pp. {See Lap.] Turned or fold- laps over another. Grew. inhabitants ;as a large city or town.
ed over. L‘AR, 2. plu. lares. [L.] A household deity. 4. Abundant; plentiful; ample; as a large
LAP’PER, 2. One that laps; one that Lovelace. supply of provisions.
wraps or folds. f L'ARBOARD, xn. [Board, bord, is a side; 5. Copious ; diffusive.
2. One that takes up with his tongue. but I know not the meaning of lar. The I might be very large on the importance and
LAP’PET, n. [dim. of lap.] <A part of a Dutch use bakboord, and the Germans advantages of education. Felton.
garment or dress that hangs loose. backbord.} 6. In seamen’s language, the wind is large
wr
Swift.|The left hand side of a ship, when a person when it crosses the line ofa ship’s course
LAP’PING, ppr. Wrapping ; folding; lay- stands with his face to the head; opposed in a favorable direction, particularly on
ing on. to starboard. | the beam or quarter. Encye.
2. Licking ; taking into the mouth with the L‘ARBOARD, a. Pertaining to the left hand 7. Wide; consisting of much water; asa
tongue. side of a ship; as the larboard quarter. large river.
LAPSE, n. laps. [L. lapsus, from labor, to L‘ARCENY, n. [Fr. larcin; Norm. larcim; 8. Liberal; of a great amount; asa large
slide, to fall. Class Lb.] Arm. laeroncy, or lazroncy, contracted from | donation.
1. A sliding, gliding or flowing; a smooth L. latrocinium, from the Celtic ;W. ladyr,| lt large, without restraint or confinement;
course; as the lapse of a stream; the theft; lWladron, thieves; Sp.-ladron; It.|| as, to go at large; to be left at large.
lapse of time. ladro, ladrone.| 2. Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; as,
2. A falling or passing. Theft; the act of taking and carrying away), to discourse on a subject at large.
The lapse to indolence is soft and impercep-|| the goods or property of another feloni-| 1) ARGE, n. Formerly, a musical note equal
tible, but the return to diligence is difficult. ously. Larceny is of two kinds; simple) to four breves. Busby.
Rambler. larceny, or theft, not accompanied with|LARGEHE\ARTEDNE SS, n. Largeness
3. A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in|| any atrocious circumstance ; and mired or}| of heart; liberality. [Vot used.]
duty; a slight deviation from truth or rec- compound larceny, which includes in it the), Bp. Reynolds.
titude. aggravation of taking from one’s house or|)
This Scripture may be usefully applied as a person, as in burglary or robbery. The}| LARGELY, adv. Widely; extensively.
caution to guard against those lapses and fail- stealing of any thing below the value of}| 2. Copiously ; diffusely ;amply. The sub-
ings to which our infirmities daily expose us. twelve pence, is called petty larceny ;above ject was largely discussed.
Rogers. that value, itis called grand larceny. 3. Liberally; bountifully.
So we say, a lapse in style or sa ea Blackstone. —How he lives and eats;
4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip or omission 0 \L‘ARCH, n. [L.lariz ; Sp.alerce ; It. larice; How largely gives. Dryden.
a patron to present a clerk to a benefice, G. lerchenbaum ; D. lorkenboom.]} 4. Abundantly.
within six months after it becomes void. ‘The common name of a division of the ge- They their fill of love and love’s disport
In this case, the benefice is said to be laps-| nus Pinus, species of which are natives) Took largely. Milton.
ed, or in lapse. Encyc. of America, as well as of Europe. L‘ARGENESS, n. Bigness; bulk; magni-
5. In theology, the fall or apostasy of Adam. L‘ARD, n. [Fr. lard; L. lardum, laridum; tude ; as the largeness of an animal.
LAPSE, v.12. laps. To glide; to pass slowly, It. and Sp. lardo; Arm. lardé. Qu. W. 2. Greatness ;comprehension; as the large-
silently or by degrees. lar, that spreads or drops, soft.] ness of mind or of capacity.
This disposition to shorten our words by re- jl. The fat of swine, after being melted and 3. Extent ; extensiveness ;as largeness of
trenching the vowels, is nothing else but a ten- separated from the flesh. views.
dency to lapse into the barbarity of those north- 2. Bacon; the flesh of swine. Dryden. 4. Extension; amplitude; liberality ;as the
em nations from which we descended. Swift. IL‘ARD, v. t. [Fr. larder; Arm. larda.| To largeness of an offer; largeness of heart.
2. To slide or slip in moral conduct ; to fail stuff with bacon or pork. | Hooker. Waller.
in duty; to deviate from rectitude; to The larded thighs on loaded altars laid. 5. Wideness; extent; as the largeness of a
commit a fault. Dryden. river.
‘ To lapse in fullness (2. To fatten: to enrich. |L‘ARGESS, n. [Fr. largesse; L. largitio;
Is sorer than to lie for need. Shak.
Now Falstaff sweats to death, | from largus, large.]
3. To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency And lards the lean earth. Shak. |A present; a gift or donation ; a bounty be-
or mistake. 3. To mix with something by way of im- |_ stowed. Bacon. Dryden.
Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and provement. L‘ARGISH, a. Somewhat large. [Unusual.]
Thersites, has lapsed into the burlesque char-| —Let no alien interpose, | Cavallo.
acter. Addison., To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose. L‘ARGO, . [It.] Musical terms, di-
4. To fall or pass from one proprietor to an- Dryden. \LARGHET’TO, recting to slow move-
other, by the omission or negligence of, L'ARD, v. i. To grow fat. Drayton. ment. Largo is one degree quicker than
the patron. LARDA‘CEOUS, a. Of the nature of lard; | grave, and two degrees quicker than ada-
consisting of lard. Coxe. |_ gio. Dict.
If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six
months ensuing, it lapses to the king. -4yliffe. L‘ARDED, pp. Stuffed with bacon; fat- IL‘ARK, n. (Sax. laferc, lauerce ;Scot. la-
tened ; mixed. verok, lauerok ; G. lerche; D. leeuwrik:;
5. To fall from a state of innocence, or from L'‘ARDER, n. A room where meat is kept Dan. lerke; Sw. larka; Icl. lava, loova.
truth, faith or perfection. or salted. Bacon. As the Latin alauda coincides with laudo,
Once moreI will renew L‘'ARDRY, n. A larder. [Vot used.] Eng. loud, so the first syllable of lark, laf,
His lapsed powers. Milton. IL‘ARGE, a. larj. [Fr. large; Sp. Port. It. lau, lave, may coincide with the Dan. lover,
LAPS'ED, pp. Fallen; passed from one largo; Arm. larg; L. largus. The prima- to praise, to sing or cry out. But I know
proprietor to another by the negligence o ry sense is to spread, stretch or distend, not the sense of the word.]
the patron ; as a lapsed benefice. A laps- to diffuse, hence to loosen, to relax; Sp. A bird of the genus Alauda, distinguished
ed legacy is one which falls to the heirs | largar, to loosen, to slacken, as a rope. for its singing.
through the failure of the legatee, as when | Class Lr. It seems to be connected with '‘L‘ARKER, n. A catcher of larks. Dict.
the legatee dies before the testator. Gr. 2avpos, wide, copious, and perhaps L'ARKLIKE, a. Resembling a lark in
LAP’SIDED, a. [lap and side.] Having one with floor, W. Iawr, and with IUawer, manners.
side heavier than the other, as a ship. much, many. In Basque, larria, is gross, L‘ARK’S-HEEL, n. A flower called Indian
Mar. Dict. and larritu, to grow.} ih cress. =
 LAS LAS LAT
L‘ARKSPUR, n. A plant of the genus Del- We lash the pupil and defraud the ward. In the phrases, “you are the last man I
phinium. Dry should consult,” “ this is the last place in
LARMIER, n. [Fr. from larme, a tear or 2. To throw up with a sudden jerk. which I should expect to find you,” the
drop.] ; : He falls ; and lashing up his heels, his rider word last implies improbability ; this is the
The flat jutting part of a cornice; literally, throws. ‘yden. most improbable place, and therefore I
the dropper ; the eave or drip of a house. 3. To beat, as with something loose ; to dash should resort to it last.
LAR’UM, x. [G. larm, bustle, noise; Dan. against. LAST, adv. The last time; the time before
And big waves lash the frighted shores—
id. Prior. the present. I saw him last at New York.
Aen ; a noise giving notice of danger. [See 4. To tie or bind with a rope or cord; tose- 2. In conclusion; finally.
Alarm, which is generally used.] cure or fasten by a string; as, to lash any Pleased with his idol, he commends, ad-
L‘ARVA, L. larva, a mask; Sw. larf; mires,
thing to a mast or to a yard; to lash a Adores; and last, the thing adored desires.
L‘ARVE, ;™- Dan. G. larve.] trunk on a coach.
An insect in the caterpillar state ;eruca; the 5. To satirize; to censure with severity ; as, Dryden.
state of an insect when the animal is LAST, v. 7. [Sax. lastan, lestan. This verb
to lash vice. seems to be from the adjective last, the
masked, and before it has attained its LASH, v. 7. To ply the whip; to strike at.
winged or perfect state ; the first stage in To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. primary sense of which is continued,
the metamorphoses of insects, preceding Dryden. drawn out. See Let.]
the chrysalis and perfect insect. _Linne. To lash out, is to be extravagant or unruly. . To continue in time; to endure; to re-
L‘ARVATED, a. Masked; clothed as with Feltham. main in existence. Our government can-
a mask. LASH’ED, pp. Struck with a lash; whip- not last long unless administered by hon-
LARYN’GEAN, a. [See Larynz.] Pertain- ped; tied; made fast by a rope. est men.
ing to the larynx. 2. In botany, ciliate ; fringed. Lee. To continue unimpaired ; not to decay or
LARYNGOT’OMY, x. [{larynz and Gr. LASH'ER, n. One that whips or lashes. perish. Select for winter the best apples
reuve, to cut.] LASH’ER, A piece of rope for binding to last. This color will last.
The operation ofcutting the larynx or wind- LASH/ING, § ™ or making fast one thing to To hold’ out; to continue unconsumed.
pipe ;the making of an incision into the another. Mar. Dict. The captain knew he had not water on
larynx for assisting respiration when ob- LASH/ING, n. Extravagance ; unruliness. board to last a week.
structed, or removing foreign bodies; South. LAST, n. [Sax. hleste; G. Sw. D. Dan.
bronchotomy ; tracheotomy. L'ASS, n. [Qu. from laddess, as Hickes sug- last ;Russ. laste; Fr. lest; Arm. lastr ;
Core. Quincy. gests. ]
W. llwyth. See Load.}
LAR/YNX, n. [Gr. aapvys.] In anatomy, the A young woman; a girl. Philips. A load; hence, a certain weight or measure.
upper part of the windpipe or trachea, a LAS‘SITUDE, n. [Fr. from L. lassitudo, A last of codfish, white herrings, meal, and
cartilaginous cavity, which modulates the ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn is
from lassus, and this from larus, laxo, to ten quarters or eighty bushels; of gun-
voice in speaking and singing. Quincy. relax.
LAS/€AR, n. In the East Indies, a native 1. Weakness; dullness; heaviness; weari- powder, twenty four barrels; of red her-
seaman, or a gunner. rings, twenty cades; of hides, twelve doz-
ness; languor of body or mind, proceed- en ; oflether, twenty dickers; of pitch and
LASCIVIENCY, LASCIVIENT. [.Vot us- ing from exhaustion of strength by exces-
ed. See the next words.} tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve
sive labor or action, or other means. sacks; of flax or fethers, 1700 Ibs.
LASCIV’IOUS, a. [Fr. lascif; It. Sp. las- 2. Among physicians, lassitude is a morbid
civo; from L. lascivus, from laxus, laxo, to Encyc.
sensation orlanguor which often precedes L‘AST, n. [Sax. laste, laste; G. leisten ;D.
relax, to loosen. Class Lg.] disease, in which case it proceeds from an
1. Loose; wanton; lewd; lustful; as lasciv- leest ;Dan. lest ;Sw. list.)
impaired or diseased action of the organs. A mold or form of the human foot, made of
ious men; lascivious desires ; lascivious
eyes. Milton. L'ASSLORN, a. Forsaken by his lass or wood, on which shoes are formed.
2. Soft; wanton; luxurious. mistress. Shak. The cobler is not to go beyond his last.
He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber, L‘AST, a. [contracted from latest ;Sax. last, LTEstrange.
To the lascivious pleasing of alute. Shak. from latost ; G. letzt; D. laatst, from laat, L‘ASTAGE, n. [Fr. lestage. See Last, a
LASCIV’/IOUSLY, adv. Loosely ;wanton- late. Qu. is the Gr. aovaGos from the same load.]
ly ; lewdly. root? See Late and Let.] 1. A duty paid for freight or transportation.
LASCIV’/IOUSNESS, n. Looseness; irreg-|| . That comes after all the others; the lat- [ot used in the U. States.]
ular indulgence of animal desires ;wan- est ; applied to time ;asthe last hour of the 2. Ballast. [Not used.] ;
tonness: lustfulness. day ; the last day of the year. 3. The lading of a ship. [Not used.]
Who, being past feeling, have given them- 2. That follows all the others; that is be- L'ASTERY, n. A red color. [.Vot in use.]
selves over to lasciviousness. Eph. iv. Spenser.
hind all the others in place ;hindmost; as,
2. Tendency to excite lust, and promote ir- this was the last man that entered the L‘\ASTING, ppr. Continuing in time; en-
regular indulgences. church. during ; remaining.
The reason pretended by Augustus was, the 2. a. Durable ; of long continuance; that
lasciviousness of his Elegies and his Art of 3. Beyond which there is no more. may continue or endure ; as a lasting good
Love. Dryden. Here, last of Britons, let your names be read.
or evil; a lasting color.
LASH, n. [This may be the same word as e.
L'ASTINGLY, adv. Durably ; with contin-
leash, Fr. laisse, or it may be allied to the} 4, Next before the present; as the last week, uance.
G. lasche, a slap, laschen, to lash or slap, the last year.
5. Utmost. L'ASTINGNESS, n. Durability ; the qual-
and both may be from one root.] ity or state of long continuance.
1. The thong or braided cord of a whip. Their last endeavors bend,
I observed that your whip wanted a lash to it.| T’ outshine each other. Dryden. Sidney.
Addison. It is an object of the last importance. L'ASTLY, adv. In the last place.
2. A leash or string. Ellicott. 2. In the conclusion ; at last; finally.
3. A stroke with a whip, or any thing pliant 6. Lowest ; meanest.
Antilochus
LATCH, n. [Fr. loquet; Arm. licged or
and tough. The culprit was whipped chicged, coinciding with L. ligula, from
Takes the last prize. Pope. ligo, to tie, and with English lock, Sax.
thirty nine lashes.
4. Astroke of satire; a sarcasm ; an expres- At last, at the last, at the end; in the conclu- lecan, to catch. The G. klinke, D. klink,
sion or retort that cuts or gives pain. sion. coincide with Fr. clenche, which, if n is
The moral is a lash at the vanity of arrogating Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he casual, are the Arm. elicged, Eng.to clinch.
that to ourselves which succeeds well. shall overcome at the last. Gen. xlix. The same word in W. is clicied, a latch,
; DL’Estrange. To the last, to the end; till the conclusion. and the It. laccto, a snare, L. laqueus,
LASH, v, t. To strike with a lash or any And blunder on in business to the last. from which we have lace, may belong to
thing pliant; to whip or scourge. Pope.: the same root. The primary sense of the
 LAT LAT LAT
root is to catch, to close, stop or make riod; as lateness of the day or night; late- Edward the Confessor, the lath, in some
fast.] ness in the season ; lateness in life. counties, answered to the trithing or third
1. Asmall piece of iron or wood used to fas- 3. The state of being out of time, or after part ofa county in others. Wilkins.
ten a door. Gay. the appointed time; as the lateness of one’s LATHE, n. [Qu. lath, supra, or W. lathru,
2. A small line like a loop, used to lace the arrival. | to make smooth. |
bonnets to the courses, or the drabblers to LA’/TENT, a. [L. latens, lateo; Gr. anda, An engine by which instruments of wood,
the bonnets. Dict. aavOavw; Heb. uxd. to cover, or rather Ch. ivory, metals and other materials, are turn-
LATCH, v. ¢. To fasten with a latch; to ed and cut into a smooth round form.
nub, to hide or be hid. Class Ld. No. 1. LATHER, v. i. [Sax. lethrian, to lather, to
fasten. Locke. 11.
2. [Fr. lecher.] To smear. [ot used.] anoint. Qu. W. llathru, to make smooth,
Hid Se eaibal secret; not seen ; not vis- or llithraw, to glide; llithrig, slippery, or
Shak. ible or apparent. We speak oflatent mo-
LATCH'ET, n. [from latch, Fr. lacet.] The llyth, soft ; llyzu, to spread.]
tives; latent reasons; latent springs of ac- To form a foam with water and soap; to
string that fastens a shoe. Mark i. tion.
LATE, a. [Sax. let, lat; Goth. lata ; D. Latent heat, is heat in combination, in dis- become froth, or frothy matter.
laat ;Sw. lat ; Dan. lad, idle, lazy ; Goth. LATHER, v.t. To spread over with the
tinction from sensible heat; the portion of foam of soap. &
latyan, Sax. latian, to delay or retard. heat which disappears, when a body chang-
This word is from the root oflet, the sense LATH’ER, x. Foam or froth made by soap
es its form from the solid to the fluid, or moistened with water.
of which is to draw out, extend or pro- from the fluid to the aeriform state.
long, hence to be slow or late. See 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of
Black.
Let. This adjective has regular termina- LA‘TER, a. [comp. deg. oflate.] Posterior; a horse.
tions of the comparative and superlative L‘ATHY, a. Thin as a lath ; long and slen-
subsequent. der. Todd.
degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, LAT’ERAL, a. [Fr. from L. lateralis, from
and latest is often contracted into last.| latus, a side, and broad, Gr. waarvs; coin-
LATHY, a. [W. Ueth, Uyth.] Flabby;
1. Coming after the usual time; slow; tar- weak. New England.
ciding with W. lléd, llyd, breadth, and LATIB/ULIZE, v. i. [L. latibulwm, a hiding
dy; long delayed ; as a late spring ; a late probably with Eng. flat, W. plad or llez, or
summer. The crops or harvest will be place.]
both. The primary sense of these words To retire into a den, burrow or cavity, and
late. is to extend, as in late, let.}
2. Far advanced towards the end or close; 1. Pertaining to the side; as the lateral view lie dormant in winter; to retreat and lie hid.
as a late hour of the day. He began at a | of an object. The tortoise latibulizes in October.
late period ofhis life. Shaw’s Zool.
2. Proceeding from the side; as the lateral LATI€LAVE, xn. [L. latielavium; latus,
3. Last, or recently in any place, office or branches ofa tree; lateral shoots.
character; as the /ate ministry; the late LATERALI/TY, n. The quality of having broad, and clavus, a stud.]
administration. Anornament of dress worn by Roman _ sena-
distinct sides. [Vot used.] Brown. tors. Itis supposed to have been abroad
4, Existing not long ago, but now decayed ILAT’ERALLY, adv. By the side; side-
or departed ; as the late bishop of Lon-|) stripe of purple on the fore part of the tu-
ways. Holder. nic, set with knobs or studs. Encyc.
don. 2. In the direction of the side.
5. Not long past; happening not long ago; LAT’ERAN, n. One of the churches at LATIN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a peo-
recent; as the late rains. We have receiv- ple of Latium, in Italy; Roman; as the
Rome. The name is said to have been Latin language,
ed late intelligence. derived from that of a man. Encye. Latin church, the western church; the
LATE, adv. After the usual time, or the}!
A latere, [L.] A legate a latere, is a pope’s le- christian church in Italy, France, Spain
time appointed; after delay; as, he arriv-
gate or envoy, so called because sent from and other countries where the Latin lan-
ed late.
his side, from among his favorites and guage was introduced, as distinet from
2. After the proper or usual season. This
| counselors. the Greck or eastern church. Encyce.
year the fruits ripen date.
LA’TERED, a. Delayed. Obs. —Chaucer. LAT‘IN, x. The language of the ancient
3. Not long ago; lately.
And round them throng ‘LATERIFO'LIOUS, a. {L. latus, side, and Remans.
With leaps and bounds the late imprison’d | folium, leat.] 2. An exercise in schools, consisting in turn-
young. Pope. In botany, growing on the side of a leaf at ing English into Latin. Ascham.
4. Far in the night, day, week, or other par- | the base; as a latertfolious flower. LAT’INISM, n. A Latin idiom; a mode of
ticular period; as, to lie a-bed late; to sit | Lee. Martyn. speech peculiar to the Latins. — Addison.
up late at night. |LATERI’TIOUS, a. [L. laterttius, from LAT’INIST, n. One skilled in Latin.
Of
late, lately, in time not long past, or near), | later,a brick.) Like bricks; of the color LATIN'ITY, x. Purity of the Latin style or
the present. The practice is of late un- | of bricks. Med. Repos. idiom ; the Latin tongue.
common. \Lateritious sediment, a sediment in urine re- LAT‘INiZE, v. t. To give to foreign words
Too late, after the proper time; not in due sembling brick dust, observed after the Latin terminations and make them Latin.
time. We arrived too late to see the pro- crises of fevers, and at the termination of| Watts.
cession. | gouty paroxysms. Parr. LAT’INIZE, v. i. To use words or phrases
LA’TED, a. Belated; being too late. [Wot \L‘ATH, n. [W. clawd,a thin board, or lldth, borrowed from the Latin. Dryden.
used. | Shak. arod; Fr. latte; Sp. latas, plu.; G. latte; LATIROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus, broad, and
LAT’EEN, a. A lateen sail is a triangular'! D. lat.) rostrum, beak.| Having a broad beak, as
sail,extended by a lateen yard, which is 1. A thin, narrow board or slip of wood a fowl. Brown.
slung about one quarter the distance from nailed to the rafters of a building to sup- |LA/TISH, a. [from late.}] Somewhat late.
the lower end, which is brought down at port the tiles or covering. LATITANCY, 2x. [L. latitans, latito, to lie
the tack, while the other end is elevated 2. A thin narrow slip of wood nailed to the hid, from lateo. See Latent.}
at an angle of about 45 degrees; used in|! studs, to support the plastering. The state of lying concealed; the state of
xebecs, polacres and setees, in the Medi- L‘ATH, v. t. To cover or line with laths. lurking. Brown.
terranean. Mar. Dict.) Mortimer. LAT ITANT, a. Lurking ; lying hid; con-
LA’/TELY, adv. Not long ago; recently. L'ATH, n. [Sax. leth. The signification 0 cealed. Boyle.
We called on a gentleman who has lately this word is not clearly ascertained. It [These words are rarely used. See
arrived from Italy. may be from Sax. lathian, to call together, Latent. |
LA’/TENCY, x. [See Latent.] The state of} and signify primarily, a meeting or assem- LAT ITAT, x. [L. he lurks.] A writ by
being concealed ; abstruseness. Paley. bly. See Wapenktae.) which a person is summoned into the
LA’/TENESS, n. The state of being tardy, In some parts of England, a part or division king’s bench to answer, as supposing he
or of coming after the usual time; as the of a county. Spenser, Spelman ts lies concealed. Blackstone.
lateness of spring or of harvest. Blackstone do not agree in their accounts LATITUDE, nn. [Fr. from L. latitudo,
2. Time far advanced in any particular pe- of the lath; but according to the laws o breadth; latus, broad; W. llyd, breadth.]
 LAT LAU LAU
1. Breadth; width; extent from side to side. LAT’TERMATH, x. The latter mowing ; No fool to laugh at, which he valued more.
Wotton. that which is mowed after a former mow- Pope.
2. Room; space. Locke. ing. To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with
[Un the foregoing senses, little used.] LAT’TICE, n. [Fr. lattis, a covering o mockery, contempt and scorn. Neh. ii.
3. In astronomy, the distance of a star north laths, from latte, a lath; W. cledrwy, from LAUGH, n. laff. An expression of mirth
or south of the ecliptic. cledyr, a board, shingle or rail.] peculiar to the human species.
4. In geography, the distance of any place Any work of wood or iron, made by crossing But feigns a laugh, to see me search around,
on the globe, north or south of the equa- laths, rods or bars, and forming open And by that lawgh the willing fair is found.
tor. Boston is situated in the forty third squares like net-work; as the lattice ofa Pope.
degree of north latitude. window. LAUGHABLE, a. l'affable. That may justly
5. Extent of meaning or construction; in- The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, excite laughter; as a laughable story; a
definite acceptation. The words will not and cried through the lattice. Judg. v. laughable scene.
bear this latitude of construction. LAT’TICE, a. Consisting of cross pieces ; LAUGHER, x. Daffer. One who laughs,
6. Extent of deviation from a settled point; as lattice work. or is fond of merriment. 4
freedom from rules or limits ; laxity. 2. Furnished with lattice work; as a lattice The laughers are a majority. Pope.
In human actions, there are no degrees and window. LAUGHING, ppr. laffng. Expressing
precise natural limits described, but a latitude LAT’TICE, v.¢. To form with cross bars, mirth in a particular manner.
is indulged. Taylor. and open work.
7. Extent. LAUGHINGLY, adv. l'affingly. Ina merry
2. To furnish with a lattice. way ; with laughter.
I pretend not to treat of them in their full LAT’TICED, pp. Furnished with a lattice.
latitude. Locke.
LAUD, n. [L. laus, laudis; W. clod; Iv. LAUGHING-STOCK, n. An object ofridi-
LATITUDINAL, a. Pertaining to latitude; cloth; allied to Gr. xagw, xazos. This is cule; a butt of sport. Spenser. Shak.
in the direction oflatitude. Gregory. from the same root as Eng. loud, G. laut, LAUGHTER, n. l'affter. Convulsive merri-
LATITUDINA’RIAN, a. [Fr. latitudinaire.] and the primary sense is to strain, to utter ment; an expression of mirth peculiar to
Not restrained; not confined by precise sound, to cry out. See Loud.] man, consisting in a peculiar noise and
limits; free; thinking or acting at large; . Praise ;commendation; an extolling in configuration of features, with a shaking
as latttudinarian opinions or doctrines. words; honorable mention. [Little wsed.] of the sides and expulsion of breath.
LATITUDINA/RIAN, n. One who is mod- Pope. I said of laughter, itis mad. Eccles. ii.
erate in his notions, or not restrained by 2.. That part of divine worship which con- LAUGH-WORTHY, a. Deserving to be
precise settled limits in opinion ; one who sists in praise. Bacon. laughed at. B. Jonson.
indulges freedom in thinking. 3. Music or singing in honor of any one.
2. In theology, one who departs in opinion LAUD, »v. t. [L. laudo.] To praise in words LAU’/MONITE, n. Efflorescent zeolite ; so
from the strict principles of orthodoxy ; or called from Laumont, its discoverer. It is
alone, or with words and singing; to cele- found in laminated masses, in groups of
one who indulges a latitude of thinking brate. Bentley.
and interpretation ; a moderate man. prismatic crystals or prismatic distinct con-
LAUD/ABLE, a. [L. laudabilis.] Praise- eretions. Exposed to the air, it disinte-
LATITUDINA/RIANISM, n. Freedom or worthy ; commendable; as laudable mo-
grates. Cleaveland.
liberality of opinion, particularly in theol- tives ; laudable actions.
LAUNCH. [See Lanch, the more correct
ogy. Ch. Obs. 2. Healthy; salubrious; as laudable juices orthography. ]
2. Indifference to religion. W. Jones. of the body. Arbuthnot. LAUND, n. A lawn. [Not used.}
LA‘TRANT, a. [L. latro, to bark.] Bark- 3. Healthy; well digested ; as laudable pus. Chaucer.
ing. Tickell. LAUD/ABLENESS, n. The quality of de-
LA/TRATE, v. i. To bark as a dog. [Not serving praise; praiseworthiness ; as the LAUNDER, n. lander. [from L. lavo, to
used. laudableness of designs, purposes, motives wash.|
LATRA'TION, n. A barking. [ot used.] or actions. [Laudability, in a like sense, A washer-woman; also, a long and hollow
has been used, but rarely.] trough, used by miners to receive the
LA/TRIA, n. [L. from Gr. rorpeca.] The powdered ore from the box where it is
highest kind of worship, or that paid to LAUD/ABLY, adv. In a manner deserving beaten. Encyc.
God; distinguished by the catholics from praise.
LAUD/ANUM, n. [from L. laudo, to praise.] LAUNDER, v. ¢. l'ander. To wash; to wet.
dulia, or the inferior worship paid to
Opium dissolved in spirit or wine ; tincture’ Shak.
saints. Encye. LAUNDERER, zn. l'anderer. A man who
LATRO’BITE, n. [from Latrobe.] A newly of opium. Core.
follows the business of washing clothes.
described mineral of a pale pink red color, LAUD'ATIVE, n. [L. laudativus.] A paneg- Butler.
massive or crystalized, from an isle near yric; an eulogy. [Little used.] | Bacon.
the Labrador coast. Phillips. LAUD/ATORY, a, Containing praise ; tend- LAUNDRESS. n. l‘andress. [Fr. lavandiere;
ing to praise. Sp. lavandera; It. lavandaia; from L. lavo,
LAT’ROCINY, x. [L. latrocinium.] Theft ; Sp. lavar, to wash.]}
LAUD'ATORY, n. That which contains
larceny. [Not in use.| raise. Milton. A washer-woman ; a female whose employ-
LAT’TEN, n. [Fr. leton or laiton; D. LAUD/ER, n. One who praises. ment is to wash clothes.
latoen; Arm. laton.} Iron plate covered LAUGH, v. 7. laff. [Sax. hlihan; Goth.
with tin. Encye. LAUNDRESS, ». zt. l’andress. [supra.] To
hlahyan ; G. lachen; D. lachgen ; Sw. le; practice washing. Blount.
LAT’TEN-BRASS, 2. Plates of milled
brass reduced to different thicknesses, ac- Dan. leer; Heb. and Ch. ay, laag. Class LAUNDRY, n. l'andry. [Sp. lavadero.]
cording to the uses they are intended for. Lg. No. 17.] 1. A washing. Bacon.
Encye. . To make the noise and exhibit the fea- 2. The place or room where clothes are
LAT’TER, a. {an irregular comparative of tures which are characteristic of mirth in washed.
late. the human species. Violent laughter is LAU/REATE, a. [L. laureatus, from laurea,
1. ie or happening after something accompanied with a shaking of the sides, a laurel.]
else; opposed to former; as the former and all laughter expels breath from the Decked or invested with laurel; as laureate
and latter rain; former or latter harvest. lungs. Bacon. hearse. Milton.
2. Mentioned the last of two. 2. In poetry, to be gay ; to appear gay, cheer- Soft on her lap her lawreate son reclines.
The difference between reason and revela- ful, pleasant, lively or brilliant. Pope.
tion—and in what sense the latter is superior. Then laughs the childish year with flow’rets Poet laureate, in Great Britain, an officer of
Watts. crown’d. Dryden. the king’s household, whose business is to
3. Modern ; lately done or past; as in these And o’er the foaming bowl, ‘the laughing, compose an ode annually for the king’s
latter ages. wine. Pope. birth day, and for the new year. It is
To laugh at, to ridicule ; to treat with some said this title was first given him in the
LAT’TERLY, adv. Of late; in time not
degree of contempt. time of Edward IV, Encye.
Jong past; lately. Richardson.
 LAV LAW LA W
LAU’REATE, v. t. To honor with a degree scripture history, a bason placed in the |4. Laws qfanimal nature, the inherent prin-
in the university, and a present of a wreath court of the Jewish tabernacle, where the ciples by which the economy and func-
of laurel. Warton. officiating priests washed their hands and tions of animal bodies are performed,
LAU'REATED, pp. Honored with a degree feet and the entrails of victims. Encye. such as respiration, the circulation of the
and a laurel wreath. LAVEROCK. (See Lark.] blood, digestion, nutrition, various secre-
LAUREA’TION, n. The act of conferring LA’‘VING, ppr. Washing ; bathing. tions, &e.
a degree in the university, together with LAV‘ISH, a. [I know not from what source \5. Laws of vegetation, the principles by
a wreath of laurel; an honor bestowed we have received this word. It coincides which plants are produced, and_ their
on those who excelled in writing verse. in elements with L. liber, free, liberal, and growth carried on till they arrive te per-
This was an ancient practice at Oxford, L. lavo, to wash.] fection.
from which probably originated the de- 1. Prodigal ; expending or bestowing with 6. Physical laws, orlaws ofnature. The inva-
nomination of poet laureate. Warton. profusion ; profuse. He was lavish of ex- riable tendency or determination of any
LAUREL, n. [L. laurus ; It. lauro; Fr. pense ; lavish of praise ; lavish of encomi- species of matter to a particular form with
laurier; Sp. laurel; Port. laurciro; W. ums ; lavish of censure ; lavish of blood definite properties, and the determination
Uorwyz, llorwyzen, laurel wood, from the and treasure. of a body to certain motions, changes,
root of liawr, a floor, llor, that spreads ; 2. Wasteful ; expending without necessity; and relations, which uniformly take place
Dan. laur-ber-tree ; G.lorbeer, the laurel or liberal to a fault. Dryden. in the same circumstances, is called a
bay-berry. Laur coincides in elements 3. Wild; unrestrained. physical law. These tendencies or deter-
with flower, floreo. | Curbing his lavish spirit. Shak. minations, whether ealled laws or afiec-
The bay-tree or Laurus, a genus of plants LAVISH, v. t. To expend or bestow with tions of matter, have been established by
of several species. Encyc. profusion ; as, to lavish praise or encomi- the Creator, and are, with a peculiar feli-
LAU’RELED, «a. Crowned or decorated ums, city of expression, denominated in Scrip-
with laurel, or with a laurel wreath ; lau- 2. To waste; to expend without necessity ture, ordinances of heaven.
reate. or use; to squander; as, to lavish money 7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate
LAURIF’EROUS, a. [L. lawrus and fero, on vices and amusements. the mutual intercourse of nations or states.
tobear.| Producing or bringing laurel. LAVISHED, pp. Expended profusely ; These rules depend on natural law, or the
LAU'RUSTIN, n. [L. laurustinus.] A plant wasted. principles of justice which spring from
of the genus Viburnum, an evergreen LAV'ISHER, x. A prodigal; a profuse per- the social state ; or they are founded on
shrub or tree, whose flowers are said to son. customs, compacts, treaties, leagues and
continue through the winter. LAV‘ISHING, ppr. Expending or laying agreements between independent commu-
LAUS/KRAUT, n. [G. ldusekraut, louse- out with profusion ; wasting. nities.
plant.] A plant of the genus Delphinium. LAV’ISHLY, adv. With profuse expense ; By the law of nations, we are to under-
LAU’TU, n. A band of cotton, twisted and prodigally ;wastefully. Dryden. Pope. stand that code of public instruction, which
worn on the head of the Inca of Peru, asa LAV'ISHNESS, x. Profusion ; prodigality.|) defines the rights and prescribes the duties of
badge of royalty. J. Barlow. Spenser. nations, in their intercourse with each other.
LAVA, x. [probably from flowing, and LAVOL’TA, n. [It. la volta, the turn.] |An Kent.
from the root of L. fluo, or lavo; It. laua, old dance in which was much turning and \8. Moral law, a law which prescribes to men
a stream, now lava.] capering. Shak. their religious and social duties, in other
1. A mass or stream of melted minerals or LAW, n. [Sax. laga, lage, lag, or lah ; Sw. words, their duties to God and to each
stony matter which bursts or is thrown lag ; Dan. lov; It. legge; Sp. ley; Fr. loz; other. The moral law is summarily con-
from the mouth or sides ofa volcano, and L. lex ; from the root of lay, Sax. lecgan, tained in the decalogue or ten command-
is sometimes ejected in such quantities as Goth. lagyan. See Lay. A law is that ments, written by the finger of God on
to overwhelm cities. Catana, at the foot which is laid, set or fixed, like statute, con- two tables of stone, and delivered to Moses
of Etna, has often been destroyed by it, stitution, from L. statuo.] on mount Sinai. Ex. xx.
and in 1783, a vast tract of land in Iceland A rule, particularly an established or per- . Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action pre-
was overspread by an eruption of lava manent rule, prescribed by the supreme scribed for the government of a church ;
from mount Hecla. power ofa state to its subjects, for regulat- otherwise called canon law.
2. The same matter when cool and har- ing their actions, particularly their social 10. Written law, a law or rule of action pre-
dened. actions. Laws are imperative or manda- scribed or enacted by a sovereign, and
LAVA'TION, n. [L. lavatio, fromlavo.] A tory, commanding what shall be done ; promulgated and recorded in writing; a
washing or cleansing. Hakewill. prohilitory, restraining from what is to be written statute, ordinance, edict or de-
LAV’/ATORY, x. [See Zave.] A place for forborn ; or permissive, declaring what cree.
washing. may be done without incurring a penalty. 11. Unwritten or common law, a rule of ac-
2. A wash or lotion for a diseased part. The laws which enjoin the duties of piety tion which derives its authority from long
3. A place where gold is obtained by wash- and morality, are prescribed by God and usage, or established custom, which has
ing. Encyc. found in the Scriptures. been immemorially received and recogni-
LAVE, v. é. [Fr. laver ; Sp. lavar; It. lavare ; Law is beneficence acting by rule. Burke.
zed by judicial tribunals. As this law can
L. lavo ; Gr. 20ve ; Sans. allava ; proba- 2. Municipal law, is a rule of civil conduct be traced to no positive statutes, its rules
bly contracted from lago or laugo.] prescribed by the supreme power of a or principles are to be* found only in the
To wash; to bathe; a word used chiefly state, commanding what its subjects are to records of courts, and in the reports of
in poetry or rhetoric. Milton. Dryden. do, and prohibiting what they are to for- judicial decisions.
LAVE, v. i. To bathe ; to wash one’s self. bear ; a statute. 12. By-law, a law of a city, town or private
Pope. Municipal or civil laws are established corporation. [See By.]
LAVE, v. t. [Fr. lever.} To throw up or by the decrees, edicts or ordinances of;
out; to lade out. [ot in use.] absolute princes, as emperors and kings, 13. Mosaic law, the institutions of Moses, or
B. Jonson. or by the formal acts ofthe legislatures of} the code of laws prescribed to the Jews,
LA/VE-EARED, a. Having large pendant free states. Law therefore is sometimes as distinguished from the gospel.
ears. [.Vot in use.] Bp. Hall.) equivalent to decree, edict, or ordinance. 14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institutions
LAVEE’R, v. t. [Fr. lowvoyer or louvier; D. co Law of nature, is a rule of conduct arising which preseribe the external rites and
laveeren.) In seamen’s language, to tack; out of the natural relations of human be- ceremonies to be observed by the Jews,
to sail back and forth. [I believe this ings established by the Creator, and exist-as distinct from the moral precepts, which
word is not in common use.] ing prior to any positive precept. Thus it are of perpetual obligation.
LAV’ENDER, n. [L. lavendula.] A plant, isa law of nature, that one man should 15. A rule of direction; a directory; as rea-
or a genus of aromatic plants, Lavandula. not injure another, and murder and fraud son and natural conscience.
LA/VER, n. [Fr. lavoir, from laver, to lave.) would be crimes, independent of any pro- These, having not the law, area law to
A vessel for washing ; a large bason ; in hibition from a supreme power. themselves. Rom. ii.
Vol. II. 2)
 LAW LAW LAY
16. That which governs or has a tendency 2. Constituted by law; rightful; as the law- LAX, a. [L. lavus ;Sp. laso; It. lasso; Fr.
to rule; that which has the power of con- ful owner oflands. lache, for lasche.|
trolling. LAW’FULLY, adv. Legally ; in accordance 1. Loose; flabby ; soft; not tense, firm or
But I see another Jaw in my members war- with law; without violating law. We rigid; as lax flesh; a lax fiber.
ring against the Jaw of my mind, and_ bringing may lawfully do what the laws do not 2. Slack; not tight or tense; asa lax cord.
me into captivity to the Jaw of sin which is in forbid. 3. Not firmly united; of loose texture ; as
my members. Rom. 7. LAW’FULNESS, n. The quality of being gravel and the like Jaxer matter.
17. The word of God; the doctrines and conformable to law; legality. The law- ate Woodward.
precepts of God, or his revealed will. fulness of an action does not always prove 4. Not rigidly exact; as a lar moral dis-
But his delight is in the /aw of the Lord, and its propriety or expedience. course. Baker.
in his law doth he meditate day and night. LAW’GIVER, n. [law and give.] One who 5. Not strict; as lax morals.
Psy makes or enacts a law; a legislator. 6. Loose in the bowels; having too frequent
18. The Old Testament. Swift. discharges.
Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are LAW’GIVING, a. Making or enacting LAX, n. Alooseness; diarrhea.
gods? John x. laws ; legislative. Waller. 2. A species of fish or salmon. [Sax. ler.]
19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct LAW’'ING, n. Expeditation ; the act of cut- [ot in use.]
from the other parts of the Old Testament ; ting off the claws and balls of the fore feet LAXA’TION, n. [L. lazatio.] The act of
as the law and the prophets. of mastiffs to prevent them from running loosening or slackening; or the state of
20. A rule or axiom of science or art; set- after deer. Blackstone. being loose or slackened.
tled principle ; as the laws of versification LAW’LESS, a. Not subject to law; unre- LAXATIVE, a. [Fr. laratif, from L. lazo.}
or poetry. strained by law; as a lawless tyrant ; law- Having the power or quality of loosening
21. Law martial, or martial law, the rules or- less men. or opening the bowels, and relieving from
dained for the government of an army or 2. Contrary to law; illegal; unauthorized ; constipation.
military force. as a lawless claim. LAX’ATIVE, n. A medicine that relaxes
22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation off He needs no indirect nor Jawless course. the bowels and relieves from costiveness;
navigation, and the commercial inter- Shak. a gentle purgative. Core.
course of nations. 3. Not subject to the ordinary laws of na- LAX’ATIVENESS, n. The quality of re-
23. Commercial law, law-merchant, the sys- ture; uncontrolled. laxing.
tem of rules by which trade and commer- He, meteor-like, flames lawless through the LAX ITY, n. [L. lazitas.] Looseness ;
cial intercourse are regulated between void. Pope. slackness; the opposite of tenseness or
merchants. LAW’LESSLY, adv. In a manner contrary tension.
24. Judicial process; prosecution of right to law. Shak. 2. Looseness of texture. Bentley.
in courts of law. LAW’LESSNESS, n. The quality or state 3. Want of exactness or precision ; as laxity
Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking of being unrestrained by law ; disorder. of expression.
the law of every body. Spectator. Spenser. 4. Looseness; defect of exactness; as laxity
Hence the phrase, to go to law, to pros- LAW’-MAKER, n. One who enacts or or- of morals.
ecute ; to seek redress in a legal tribunal. dains laws; a legislator; a lawgiver. 5. Looseness, as of the bowels; the oppo-
25. Jurisprudence ; as in the title, Doctor of| Law-makers should not be law-breakers. site of costiveness.
Laws. Adage. 6. Openness ; not closeness.
6. In general, law is a rule of action pre- LAW’-MONGER, vn. A low dealer in law; LAX'LY, adv. Loosely ;without exactness.
scribed for the government of rational a pettifogger. Milton. Rees.
beings or moral agents, to which rule they LAWN, n. [W. lan, an open, clear place. LAX’NESS, zn. Looseness; softness; flab-
are bound to yield obedience, in default of| It is the same word as land, with an ap- bine as the larness of flesh or of mus-
which they are exposed to punishment ; propriate signification, and coincides with cles.
or law is a settled mode or course of ac- plain, planus, Ir. cluain.] 2. Laxity; the opposite oftension.
tion or operation in irrational beings and An open space between woods, or a plain 3. Looseness, as of morals or discipline.
in inanimate bodies. > in a park or adjoining a noble seat. 4. Looseness, as of the bowels.
Civil law, criminal law. [See Civil and Crim- Betwixt them Jawns or level downs, and
5. Slackness, as of a cord.
inal.] flocks LAY, pret. of lie. The estate lay in the
Laws of honor. [See Honor. Grazing the tender herbs, were interspers’d. county of Hartford.
Law language, the language used in legal Milton. When Ahab heard these words, he rent his
writings and forms, particularly the Nor- LAWN, x. [Fr. linon, from lin, flax, L. clothes, and put sackcloth upon his head, and
man dialect or Old French, which was linum. | fasted and lay in sackcloth. 1 Kings xxi.
used in judicial proceedings from the days A sort of fine linen. Its use in the sleeves LAY, v. #. pret. and pp. laid. [Sax. lecgan,
of William the conqueror to the 36th year of bishops, explains the following line. legan; D.leggen; G. legen; Sw. ligga ;
of Edward IT. A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. Dan. legger ;Russ. loju; L. loco, whence
Wager of law, a species of trial formerly used Pope. locus, W. lle, place, Eng. ley or lea; W.
in England, in which the defendant gave LAWN, a. Made of Jawn. lleau, to lay. Hence Fr, lieu, Arm. lech, a
security that he would, on a certain day, LAWN’Y, a. Level, as a plain; like a lawn. place; Ir. legadh, Arm. lacqaat, to lay.
make his law, that is, he would make oath 2. Made of lawn. Bp. Hall. The primary sense is to send or throw;
that he owed nothing to the plaintiff, and LAW’'SUIT, n. [See Suit.] A suit in law hence this word is the L. lego, legare, dif-
would produce eleven of his neighbors as for the recovery of a supposed right; a ferently applied ;Gr. reyouas, to lie down;
compurgators, who should swear that process in law instituted by a party to Eth. AN lak, to send, whence lackey.
they believed in their consciences that he compel another to do him justice. Class Lg. No 1. and 21. It coincides with
had sworn the truth. Blackstone. LAW’YER, n. [that is, lawer, contracted lodge and with le.]
LAW’-BREAKER, n. One who violates from law-wer, law-man.] — . Literally, to throw down; hence, to put
the law. Milton. One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of or place; applied to things broad or long,
LAW-DAY, n. A day of open court. law ; one whose profession is to institute and in this respect differing from. set.
Shak. suits in courts of law, and to prosecute or We lay a book on the table, when we
2. A leet or sheriff’s tourn. defend the cause of clients. This is a place it on its side, but we set it on the
LAW’FUL, a. Agreeable to law; conform- general term, comprehending attorneys, end. We lay the foundation of a house,
able to law ; allowed by law; legal; legit- counselors, solicitors, barristers, serjeants but we set a building on iis foundation.
imate. ‘That is deemed lawful which no and advocates. He laid his robe from him. Jonah iii.
Jaw forbids, but many things are lawful LAW’YER-LIKE, a. Like a real lawyer. Solt on the flowery herb I found me laid.
which are not expedient. LAW’/YERLY, a. Judicial. Milton. Milton
 LAW LAY BAY
A stone was brought and Jaid on the mouth of And she arose and went away, and {aid by! 2. To contrive; to forma
scheme. [Unu-
the den. Dan. vi. : her veil. Gen. xxxviii. sual.]
2. To beat down; to prostrate. Violent To lay down, to deposit, as a pledge, equiva- To lay about, to strike or throw the arms on
winds with rain lay corn and grass. lent or satisfaction; to resign. all sides; to act with vigor.
3. To settle; to fix and keep from rising. A I lay down my life for the sheep. John x. Spenser. South.
shower lays the dust. _ ‘ To lay at, to strike or to endeavor to strike.
4, To place in order ; to dispose with regu- 2. To give up; to resign; to quit or relin- The sword of him that layeth at him cannot
larity in building; as,
quish ; as, to lay down an office or com-
to lay bricks or
mission. hold. Job xii.
stones in constructing walls.
To quit; to surrender the use of; as, to To lay in for, to make overtures for; to en-
5. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plas- 3. lay down one’s arms. gage or secure the possession of.
ter or paint.
4. To offer or advance; as, to lay downa I have laid in for these. Dryden.
6. To spread or set; as, to lay snares.
7. To calm; to appease; to still; to allay. proposition or principle. Addison. To lay on, to strike; to beat; to deal blows
To lay one’s self down, to commit to repose. incessantly and with vehemence.
After a tempest, when the winds are laid.
Waller. I will both lay me down in peace and sleep— 2. To act with vehemence; used of expenses.
8. To quiet; to still; to restrain from walk- Ps. iv. Shak.
ing ; as, to lay the devil. DLEstrange. To lay hold of, to seize; to catch. To lay To lay out, to purpose ; to intend. He lays
9, To spread and set in order; to prepare; hold on, is used in a like sense. Locke. out to make a journey.
as, to lay a table for dinner. To lay in, to store; to treasure ; to provide 2. To take measures.
10. To place in the earth for growth. previously. Addison. I made strict inquiry wherever I came, and
The chief time of laying gilliflowers, is in To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; laid out for intelligence of all places.
July. Mortimer. as, to lay on blows. Woodward.
1l. To place at hazard; to wage ; to stake ; To lay open, to open; to make bare ; to un- To lay upon, to importune. Obs.
as, to lay a crown or an eagle; to lay a cover; also, to show; to expose; to re- LAY, n. That which lies or is laid ; a row ;
wager. veal ; as, to lay open the designs of an en- a stratum; a layer; one rank in a series
12. To bring forth; to exclude; as, to lay emy. reckoned upward ; as a lay of wood.
eggs. To lay over, to spread over; to incrust; to A viol should have a lay of wire-strings be-
13. To add; to join. cover the surface; as, to lay over with low. Bacon.
Wo to them that join house to house, that gold or silver. 2. A bet; awager. [Little used.] Graunt.
lay field to field. Is. v. To lay ovt, to expend ; as, to lay out money, 3. Station ; rank. [.Not used.}
14. To put; to apply. or sums of money. LAY, n. [Sax. leag, leah, lege ;W. lle ;Russ.
She /ayeth her hand to the spindle. Prov. 2. To display ; to discover. lug ; L. locus; Fr. lieu. See Lay, the
XXXi. He takes occasion to lay out bigotry and verb. The words which signify place, are
15. To assess; to charge ; to impose; as, to false confidence in all its colors. Atterbury. from verbs which express setting or lay-
lay a tax on land; to day a duty on salt. Obs.
ing. Itis written also ley, and lea, but less
16. To charge; to impute; as, to lay blame}3. To plan; to dispose in order the several properly.]
on one; to lay want of prudence to one’s parts ; as, to lay out a garden. A meadow; a plain or plat of grass land.
charge. 4. To dress in grave clothes and place in a A tuft of daisies on a flowery lay. Dryden
17, To impose, as evil, burden, or punish- decent posture; as, to lay out acorpse. The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea.
ment. Shakspeare uses to lay forth. Gray.
The Lord hath /aid on him the iniquity of us 5. To exert ; as, to lay out all one’s strength.
all. Is. liii. LAY, n. [Sax. legh or ley; Gr. ayxew, to
So with the reciprocal pronoun, to lay sound. It might also be deduced from
18. To enjoin asa duty; as, to lay com- one’s self out, is to exert strength.
mands on one. G. lied, a song; D. id.; Sax. leoth ; Scot.
To lay to, to charge upon; to impute. leid, lede, or luid; Ir. lyidh ;Gael. laoidh ;
19. To exhibit; to present or offer; as, to Sidney.
lay an indictment in a particular county. 2. To apply with vigor. from the root of loud, L. laudo, plaudo,
Tusser. Sax. hlydan.] }
20. To prostrate ; to slay. 3. To attack or harass. Obs. Knolles. A song ; as a loud or soft lay; immortal
The leaders first
He laid along. Dryden. 4. To check the motion ofa ship, and cause lays. Spenser. Milton.
21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing her to be stationary. jit is used chiefly in poetry.]
or departing from; as, to lay the land; a To lay together, to collect; to bring to one LAY, a. [Fr. lai, L. laicus, It. laico, Sp.
seaman’s phrase. place; also, to bring into one view. lego, a layman; Gr. dAacxos, from da0s,
22. To station; to set; as, to lay an am- To lay to heart, to permit to affect greatly. people. ]
bush. To lay wnder, to subject to; as, to lay one Pertaining to the laity or people, as distinct
23. To contrive ; to scheme; to plan. under restraint or obligation. from the clergy ; not clerical; as a lay
To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands. To lay up, to store; to treasure ; to reposit person; a lay preacher; a lay brother.
To lay apart, to put away; to reject. for future use. LAY-€LERK, n. A vocal officiate in a ca-
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven.
Lay apart all filthiness. James i. Matt. vi. thedral. Busby.
To lay aside, to put off or away ; not to re- 2. To confine to the bed or chamber. He is LA’YER, n. la‘er. [from lay, the verb.) A
tain. laid up with the gout. stratum ; a bed; a body spread over an-
Let us lay aside every weight, and the sin To lay siege, to besiege ; to encompass with other; as a layer of clay or of sand.
that doth so easily beset us. Heb. xii. an army. 2. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached
2. To discontinue ; as, to lay aside the use To lay wait, to station for private attack ; to from the stock, laid under ground for
of any thing. lay in ambush for. growth or propagation. Encyc.
To lay away, to reposit in store ; to put aside To lay the course. in sailing, is to sail to- 3. A hen that lays eggs. Mortimer.
for preservation. wards the port intended, without gibing. LA‘YING, ppr. Putting ;placing ; applying;
To lay before, to exhibit; to show; to pre- To lay waste, to destroy; to desolate ; to de-| imputing ;wagering.
sent to view. The papers are laid before prive of inhabitants, improvements and LA/YLAND, n. Land lying untilled ; fallow
Congress. productions. ground. [Local.]
To lay by, to reserve for future use. To lay the land, in seamen’s language, is to LA/YMAN, 2. la'man. [lay and man.] A
Let every one of you lay by him in store, as cause the land apparently to sink or ap- man who is not a clergyman; one of the
God hath prospered him. 1 Cor. xvi. pear lower, by sailing from it; the dis- laity or people, distinct from the clergy.
2. To put away ; to dismiss. tance diminishing the elevation. Dryden. Swift.
Let brave spirits not be laid by, as persons||LAY, v. 2. To bring or produce eggs. 2. An image used by painters in contriving
unnecessary for the time. Bacon. Hens will greedily eat the herb that will attitudes. Dryden.
3. To put off: make them Jay the better. Mortimer. 13. A lay-clerk,
 LEA LEA LEA
LA/YSTALL, n. [lay and stall.| A heap of to separate from them the alkali. The 3. ‘To draw; to have a tendency to. Ga-
dung, or a place where dung is laid. water thus charged with alkali, is called ming leads to other vices.
Ash. lye. 4. To exercise dominion. Spenser.
LA‘ZAR, n. [from Lazarus ; Sp. lazaro.] LEACH, n. A quantity of wood ashes, To lead off or out, to go first ;to begin.
A person infected with nauseous and pes- through which water passes, and thus im-| Cumberland.
tilential disease. Shak. Dryden. bibes the alkali. LEAD, n. Precedence; a going before ;
LAZARET’, [Sp. lazareto; It. laz- LE/ACH-TUB, n. A wooden vessel or tub guidance. Let the general take the lead.
LAZARET'TO, in- -eretto ; Fr. lazaret ; from in which ashes are leached. It is some- {A colloquial word in reputable use.]
Lazarus.| times written letch-tub. LEADEN, a. led/n. [from lead.] Made of
A public building, hospital or pest-house for LEAD, n. led. [Sax. led; G. loth ; D. lood; lead ; as a leaden ball.
the reception of diseased persons, particu- Dan. Sw. lod; Russ. lot, probably a mass, 2. Heavy ; indisposed to action. Shak.
larly for those affected with contagious like clod.| 3. Heavy ; dull. Shak.
distempers. A metal ofa dull white color, wich a cast of LEADEN-HE‘ARTED, a. Stupid; desti-
LA’/ZAR-HOUSE, n. A lazaretto; also, a blue. It is the least elastic and sonorous tute of feeling. Thomson.
hospital for quarantine. of all the metals, and at the same time itis LEADEN-HEE’LED, a. Moving slowly.
LA/ZAR-LIKE, Full of sores ; lep- soft and easily fusible. It is found na- Ford.
LA’/ZARLY, * yous. Bp. Hall. tive in small masses, but generally mine- LEADEN-STEP’PING, a. Moving slowly.
LA/ZARWORT, Laserpitium,a genus of) ralized by sulphur, and sometimes by oth- Milton.
LA/SERWORT, § plants of several spe- er substances. Lead fused in a strong
cies, natives of Germany, Italy, France, heat, throws off vapors which are un- LE/ADER, n. One that leads or conducts ;
wholesome. a guide ; a conductor.
&e. 2. A chief; a commander; a captain.
LAZE, v. i. To live in idleness. [Vulgar.] 2 . A plummet or mass oflead, used in sound- 3. One who goes first.
LAZE, v.t. To waste in sloth. [Vulgar.] ing at sea.
4. The chief of a party or faction; as the
LA/ZILY, adv. [from lazy.| In a heavy, 3. Leads, a flat roof covered with lead. leader of the whigs or of the tories; alead-
sluggish manner ; sluggishly. Shak. Bacon.
er of the Jacobins. 4
Whether he lazily and listlessly dreams away Whate lead, the oxyd oflead, ground with one 5. A performer who leads a band or choir in
his time. Locke. third part of chalk. Fourcroy. music.
LA’/ZINESS, n. [from lazy.] The state or LEAD, v.t. led. To cover with lead; to fit LE/ADING, ppr. Guiding ;conducting; pre-
quality of being lazy ; indisposition to ac- with lead.
tion or exertion ; indolence ; sluggishness ; LEAD, v. t. pret. and pp. led. [Sax. ledan; ceding ; drawing; alluring; passing life.
heaviness in motion; habitual sloth. La- G. leiten; D. leiden ; Sw. leda; Dan. leder ; 2. a. Chief; principal; capital; most influ-
probably to draw, to strain, or extend.] ential; as a leading motive ; aleading man
ziness differs from idleness ; the latter be- in a party.
ing a mere defect or cessation of action, ik To guide by the hand ; as, to lead a child.
It often includes the sense of drawing as 3. Showing the way by going first.
but laziness is sloth, with natural or ha-
bitual disinclination to action. well as of directing. He left his mother a countess by patent,
Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon 2. To guide or conduct by showing the way 3, which was a new leading example— Wotton.
overtakes him. Franklin. to direct; as, the Israelites were led by a LE/ADING, n. Guidance ; the act of con-
2. Slowness ; tardiness. pillar of a cloud by day, and by a pillar of ducting ; direction. Shak. Spenser.
LA‘ZING, a. Spending time in sluggish in- tire by night. LE’/ADING-STRINGS, n. Strings by which
action. DLEstrange. 3. To conduct to any place. children are supported when beginning to
[This ts an ill-formed, inelegant word.| He leadeth me beside the still waters. Ps. walk. Dryden.
LAZ/ULL Lapis Lazuli is a mineral of a XXII. To be in leading strings, to be in a state of
fine, azure blue color, usually amorphous, . To conduct, asa chief or commander, im- infancy or dependence, or in pupilage un-
or in rounded masses of a moderate size. plying authority ; to direct and govern ; as, der the guidance of others.
It is often marked by yellow spots or veins a general leads his troops to battle and to LE/ADMAN, n. One who begins or leads a
of sulphuret of iron, and is much valued victory. dance. Obs. B. Jonson.
for ornamental work. It is distinguished Christ took not on him flesh and blood, that LEADWORT, 2. led/wort. Plumbago, a
from lazulité, by the intenseness of its co- he might conquer and rule nations, /ead armies— genus of plants.
lor. (Qu. Ar. azul.] Cleaveland. South. LEADY, a. led/dy. Of the color oflead.
LAZ’/ULITE, n. A mineral of a light, indi- 5. To precede; to introduce by going first. LEAP, n. plu. leaves. [Sax. leafe ; D. loof;
go blue color, occurring in small masses, As Hesperus that leads the sun his way. G. laub; Sw. lof; Dan. tév; Goth. lauf.]
or erystalized in oblique four-sided prisms. Fairfax. 1. In botany, leaves are organs of perspira-
Cleaveland. 6. To guide ; to show the method of attain- tion and inhalation in plants. They us-
LA/ZY, a. [G. lass, léssig ;W. llesg. The ing an object. Self-examination may lead ually shoot from the sides of the stems and
Fr. ldche is from L. laxus, and it is doubtful us to a knowledge of ourselves. branches, but sometimes from the root ;
whether this is of the same family.] ~. To draw; to entice; toallure. The love sometimes they are sessile ; more generally
1. Disinclined to action or exertion; natu- of pleasure leads men into vices which de- supported by petioles. They are of vari-
rally or habitually slothful; sluggish ; in- grade and impoverish them. ous forms, flat, extended, linear, cylindric,
dolent; averse to labor; heavy in motion. 8. To induce ; to prevail on; to influence. &c.
Wicked men will ever live like rogues, and He was driven by the necessities of the times . The thin, extended part of a flower; a
not fall to work, but be lazy and spend victuals.
more than led by his own disposition to any petal.
Bacon. rigor of actions. K. Charles. ! ie part of a book containing two pages.
2, Slow ; moving slowly or apparently with 2: To pass; to spend, that is, to draw out 3) . The side of a double door. 1 Kings vi.
labor; as a lazy stream. as, to lead a life of gayety, or a solitary wo. Something
Cle resembling a leaf in thinness
The night-owl’s lazy flight. Shak. life. and extension; a very thin plate; as gold
LD, stands for lord. That we may /ead a quiet and peaceable life leaf.
LEA, 0, [See Lay.] A meadow or plain. in all godliness and honesty. 1 Tim. ii. 6. The movable side of a table.
LEY, § “The Welsh write lle, but as this To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way or LEAF, v.i. To shoot out leaves; to pro-
word is from the root of lay, the latter is into error; to seduce from truth or recti-| duce leaves. The trees leafin May.
the more correct orthography. tude. LE/AFAGE, n. Abundance ofleaves.
LEACH, »v. t. [Sw. laka, to fall in drops, to To lead captive, to carry into captivity. LE/AFED, pp. Having leaves.
distill; laka, to leak ; Dan. lekker, to drop, LEAD, »v. 7. 'To go before and show the way. LE/AFLESS, a. Destitute of leaves; as a
to leak. See Leak. Pethaps L. lix may I will lead on softly. Gen. xxxiii. leafless tree. Pope.
be from the same root.} 2oe To conduct, as a chief or commander.) LE‘AFLET, n. A little leaf.
To wash, as ashes, by percolation, or caus- Let the troops follow, where their general (2. In botany, one of the divisions of a com-
ing water to pass through them, and thus| leads. pound leaf; a foliale.
 LEA LEA LEA
LE/AF-STALK, n. The petiole or stalk aperture in a vessel, either zto it, as into LE/ANY, a. Alert; brisk; active. [.Vot cn
which supports a leaf. Martyn. a ship, or out of it, as out ofa cask. use. Spenser.
LE/AFY, a. Full of leaves; as the leafiy To spring a leak, is to open or crack so as to LEAP, v. 7. (Sax. hleapan, Goth. hlaupan,
forest. Dryden. let in water ; to begin to let in water. to leap; G. laufen; D. loopen, Sw. lopa,
LEAGUE, n. leeg. [Fr. ligue; It. lega 3 Sp. LEAK, a. Leaky. [.Vot in use.! Spenser. Dan. léber, to run, to pass rapidly, to flow,
liga; from L. igo, to bind.] f LEAK, v. i. To let water or other liquor in- slip or glide ; W. llwf, aleap. From these
An alliance or confederacy between princes to or out of a vessel, through a hole or significations, it may be inferred that this
or states for their mutual aid or defense ; crevice in the vessel. A ship leaks, when word belongs to the family of L. labor,
a national contract or compact. A league she admits water through her seams or an perhaps Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. Eth. Abn.
may be offensive or defensive, or both. It aperture in her bottom or sides, into the Class Lb. No. 30. Qu. L. lupus, a wolf,
is offensive, when the contracting parties hull. A pail or a cask leaks, when it ad- the leaper.]
agree to unite in attacking a common en- mits liquor to pass out through a hole or 1. To spring or rise from the ground with
emy ; defensive, when the parties agree to crevice. both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as
act in concert in defending each other To leak out, to find vent ; to escape privately other animals; to jump; to vault; as, a
against an enemy. from confinement or secresy ; as a fact or man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a
2. A combination or union of two or more report. ‘ horse.
parties for the purpose of maintaining LE/AKAGE, n. A leaking; or the quantity A man leapeth better with weights in his
friendship and promoting their mutual in- of a liquor that enters or issues by leak- hands than without. Bacon.
terest, or for executing any design in con- ing.
2. 'To spring or move suddenly ; as, to leap
cert. 2. An allowance, in commerce, of a certain
from a horse.
And let there be | rate per cent. for the leaking of casks, or
*Twixt us and them no league, nor amity. | the waste of liquors by leaking. 3. To rush with violence.
Denham. LE/AKY, a. That admits water or other And the man in whom the evil spirit was.
LEAGUE, v. 7. leeg. To unite, as princes or liquor to pass in or out ; as aleaky ves- leaped on them and overcame them— Acts
states ina contract of amity for mutual xix.
sel; a leaky ship or barrel.
aid or defense; to confederate. Russia 2. Apt to disclose secrets ; tattling ;not close. 4. To spring ; to bound; to skip; as, to leap
and Austria leagued to oppose the ambi- L’ Estrange. for joy.
tion of Buonaparte. 5. To fly; to start. Job xli.
'LE/AMER, n. A dog; akind of hound.
wo. To unite or confederate, as private per- He parted frowning from me, as if ruin
ILEAN, v. 7. [Sax. hlinian, hleonvan, to lean;
sons for mutual aid. linian, to recline; G. lehnen; D. leunen ;, Leaped from his eyes. Shak.
LEAGUE, n. leeg. [of Celtic origin. WW. Dan. lener: Sw. lina sig ; Ir. claonaim; {Our common people retain the Saxon
llec, a flat stone, whence Low L. leuca, Sp.|| aspirate of this word in the phrase, to clip
| Russ. klonyu; Gr. xxae; L. clino. Class
legua, It. lega, Fr. liewe, Ir. leac. It ap- it, to run fast.|
Ln. No. 3.]
pears from the Welsh, that this word is
\1. To deviate or move from a straight or LEAP, v. t. To pass over by leaping ; to
from the root oflay.] spring or bound from one side to the oth-
1. Originally, a stone erected on the public
perpendicular line ; or to be in a position
thus deviating. We say, a column leans er; as, to leap a wall, a gate or a gulf; to
roads, at certain distances, in the manner leapastream. [But the phrase is ellipti-
to the north or to the east; it leans to the
of the modern mile-stones. Hence, cal, and over is understood. }
right or left.
2. The distance between two stones. With 2. To compress; as the male of certain
the English and Americans, a league is the 2. 'To incline or propend ; to tend toward. beasts. Dryden.
length of three miles ; but this measure is They delight rather to lean to their old cus-
toms— Spenser. LEAP, n. A jump; aspring; a bound; act
used chiefly at sea. The league on the Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and of leaping.
continent of Europe, is very different), lean not to thine own understanding. Prov. iii. 2. Space passed by leaping.
among different nations. The Dutch and \3. A sudden transition or passing, Swift.
German league contains four geographical 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on some- 4. The space that may be passed at a bound.
miles. s Encye. thing; as, to lean against a wall or a pil-
lar ; to Jean on the arm of another. *Tis the convenient leap I mean to try.
LE/AGUED, pp. lee'ged. United in mutual|| ; Dryden.
compact; confederated. 4. To bend; to be in a bending posture.
LE/AGUER, 2. lee'ger. One who unites in LEAN, v.¢. To incline; to cause to lean. ‘5. Embrace of animals. Dryden.
a league; a confederate. Encyc. Shak. \6. Hazard, or effect of leaping. Shak.
LE/AGUER, n. [D. beleggeren. See Be- 2. To conceal. [Ice. luna.] [Not in use.] 7. A basket; a weel for fish. [ot in use.]
leaguer.| Ray. Wickliffe. Sherwood.
Siege ; investment of a town or fort by an LEAN, a. (Sax. lene or hlene; D. Dan. G. LE/APER, n. One that leaps. A horse is
army. [Little used.] Shak. klein, small, lean ; Sw. klen;allied perhaps called a good leaper.
LEAK, n. [D. lek, a leak, and leaky ; lekken, to L. lenis, and Eng. slender.] LE/AP-FROG, n. A play of children, in
to leak, to drop, to sleek or make smooth 3),1. Wanting flesh; meager; not fat; as a which they imitate the leap of frogs.
lekker, dainty, delicate, nice, delicious; G. lean body ; alean man or animal. Shak.
leck, a leak, and leaky ; lecken, to leak, to 2. Not rich; destitute of good qualities ; LE/APING, ppr. Jumping; springin o? oe
drop out, to jump, to lick ; lecker, dainty, bare ; barren; as lean earth. bounding ; skipping.
delicious, lickerish ; Sw. laka, to distill or 3. Low ; poor; in opposition to rich or LE’/APINGLY, adv. By leaps.
drop, and laka, to leak; Dan. lek, leaky ;)) great; asaleanaction. [Unusual.] LE/AP-YEAR, n. Bissextile, a year con-
lekke,a leak; lekkefad, a dripping pan; 4. Barren of thought; destitute of that taining 366 days; every fourth year, which
lekker, to leak, to drop ; lekker, dainty, del- which improves or entertains ;jejune ; as leaps over a day more than a common
icate, nice, lickerish; Sax. hlece, leaky. If|| a lean discourse or dissertation. year. Thus in common years, if the first
the noun is the primary word, it may be} LEAN, n. That part of flesh which consists day of March is on Monday, the present
the Gr. Aaxes, a fissure or crevice, from of muscle without the fat. Farquhar. year, it will, the next year, fall on Tues-
anxea, Dor. Aaxew, to crack, to sound, or to LE/ANLY, adv. Meagerly ; without fat or) day, but in leap-year it will leap to Wed-
burst with sound, coinciding with L. lacervo plumpness. nesday ; for leap-year contains a day more
and loquor, and perhaps Eng. clack. It) LE/ANNESS, zx. Destitution of fat; want than a common year,a day being added
seems that lickerish is from the root of| of flesh; thinness of body ; meagernsss; to the month of February. Brown.
leak, and signifies properly watery. } applied to animals. LEARN, v. t. lern. [Sax. leornian; G. lern-
1. A crack, crevice, fissure or hole in a ves- 2. Want of matter ; poverty; emptiness; as en; D. leeren; Dan. lerer; Sw. lara.
sel, that admits water, or permits a fiuid|) the leanness of a purse. Shak. The latter coincides with the Sax. leran,
to escape. 3. In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual to teach, the same word having both sig-
2. The oozing or passing of water or other|| comfort. nifications, to teach and to Jearn. In pop-
fluid or liquor through a crack, fissure or He sent Jeanness into their soul. Ps. evi. ular use, learn still has both senses.|
 LEA LEA LEA
1. To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowl- 2. Any tenure by grant or permission. 1. The skin of an animal dressed and pre-
edge or ideas of something before un- Our high placed Macbeth pared for use.
known. We learn the use of letters, the Shall live the lease of nature. Shak. 2. Dressed hides in general.
meaning of words and the principles o LEASE, v.t. [Fr. laisser ;a different orthog- 3. Skin ; in an ironical sense.
science. We learn things by instruction, raphy of Eng. let. See Let.] LEATHER, Lethern ; consisting of
by study, and by experience and observa- To let; to demise; to grant the temporary LETH’ER, * lether; as a lether glove.
tion. It is much easier to learn what is possession of lands, tenements or heredit- LEATH’ER-€OAT, x. An apple with a
right, than to unlearn what is wrong. aments to another for a rent reserved.
A leased to B his land in Dale for the an- tough coat or rind. Shak.
Now Jearn a parable of the fig-tree. Matt.
XXIV. nual rent of a pepper corn. LEATH’ER-DRESSER, nz. One who dress-
ree) To acquire skill in any thing ; to gain by LEASE, v. 7. leez. [Sax. lesan, to collect, al- es lether; one who prepares hides for use.
practice a faculty of performing; as, to so to free, to liberate, to redeem; D. lee- Pope.
learn to play on a flute or an organ. zen; G. lesen, to gather, to cull, to sift, al- LEATH’ER-JACKET, n. A fish of the Pa-
The chief art of learning is to attempt but so to read, like L. lego; Dan. leser, Sw. cific ocean. Cook.
little at a time. Locke. lisa, to read.]
To teach; to communicate the knowl-
LEATH’ER-MOUTHED, a.
‘o glean; to gather what harvest men have By leather-mouthed fish, I mean such as
edge of something before unknown. left. Obs. Dryden. have their teeth in their throat, as the chub.
Hast thou not learned me how LE/ASED, pp. Demised or let, as lands or Walton.
To make perfumes ? Shak.
tenements. LEATFH’ERN, é Made of lether; consist-
[This use of learn is found in respecta-
LE/ASEHOLD, a. Held by lease; as a lease- LETH’ERN, “ing oflether ; as a lethern
ble writers, but is now deemed inelegant hold tenement. Swift. purse ; a lethern girdle.
as well as improper.] LE‘ASER, n. A gleaner; a gatherer after LEATH’ER-SELLER,?
LEARN, v. i. lern. To gain or receive _ A seller or deal-
reapers.
knowledge ; to receive instruction ; to LEASH, n. [Fr. laisse, lesse ;D. letse. Qu. LETH’/ER-SELLER, § er in lether.
take pattern; with of. LEATH’ER-WINGED, Having wings
It. laccio, L. laqueus.]
Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; 1. A thong oflether, or long line by which al LETH’/ER-WINGED, § like lether.
for 1am meek and lowly—. Matt. xi. Spenser.
falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his
2. To receive information or intelligence. dog. Shak. LEATH’ERY, Resembling lether ;
LEARNED, lern’ed, Obtained as 2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; LETH/ERY, tough. Grew.
LEARNT, PP: lernt. knowledge or tierce ; three; three creatures of any kind, LEAVE, n. [Sax. leaf, lefe, from leafun, le-
information. especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks and Jan, lyfan, to permit, to grant, to trust, to
LEARNED, a. lern’ed. Versed in literature hares. Shak. Dennis. believe; G. erlaub, D. oorlof, verlof, leave,
and science ; as a learned man. 3. A band wherewith to tie any thing. Surlow ; Sax. leofan, to live, and to leave.]
2, Skillful; well acquainted with arts ; Boyle. 1. Permission; allowance; license ; liberty
knowing ; within; as learned in martial LEASH, v. t. To bind; to hold by a string. granted by which restraint or illegality is
arts. Shak. removed.
3. Containing learning; as a learned treatise LE’ASING, n. s as z. [Sax. leasunge, from No friend has leave to bear away the dead.
or publication. Coxe. lease, leasa, false.] Dryden.
4, Versed in scholastic, as distinct from other Falsehood; lies. [Obsolete or nearly so.] David earnestly asked leave of me. 1 Sam.
knowledge. Xx.
LE/ASOW, n. [Sax. leswe.] A pasture. 2. Farewell; adieu; ceremony ofdeparture ;
Men of much reading are greatly learned, but
may be little knowing. Locke. Obs. Wickliffe. a formal parting of friends; used chiefly
LEAST, a. [superl. of Sax. les, less, con- in the phrase to take leave. Acts xviii.
The learned, learned men; men of erudition ; tracted from lesest. It cannot be regu-
literati. LEAVE, v. t. pret. and pp. left. (Sax. lefan,
larly formed from Little.}
LEARNEDLY, adv. lern/edly. With learn- Smallest; little beyond others, either in size! to leave; lefan, to permit, to believe ; lefe,
ing or erudition ; with skill; as, to discuss leave ; lefian, to live; leofan, to leave, to
or degree; as the least insect; the least
a question learnedly. mercy.
live ; leofa, leave, permission, licence ; ly-
Every coxcomb swears as learnedly as they. Jan, to permit, also to live. But live is al-
Swift. Least is often used without the noun to so written liban, libban, with b, which
LEARNER, n. lern/er. A person who is which it refers. “I am the least of the
leave is not. Belifan, to remain or be left;
gaining knowledge from instruction, from apostles,” that is, the least apostle of all]
alyfan, to permit; ge-lefan, to leave, to per-
reading or study, or by other means; one the apostles. I Cor. xv.
mit, to believe; ge-leaf, leave, license, as-
who is in the rudiments of any science or LEAST, adv. In the smallest or lowest de- sent, consent, faith or belief; ge-lefan, to be-
art. gree; in a degree below all others; as, to lieve, to think or suppose, to permit, to live ;
LEARNING, ppr. lern'ing. Gaining knowl- reward those who least deserve it. ge-leofan, id. ; ge-lyfan, to believe, to trust;
edge by instruction or reading, by study, Jt least, to say no more; not to de- ge-lyfed, permitted or allowed, believed,
by experience or observation; acquiring 4 the least, mand or affirm more than is lawtul, also alive, having life ; leof, loved ;
skill by practice. barely sufficient; at the lowest degree. lufa, love, also belief; leoflic, faithful;
LEARNING, 2. lern/ing. The knowledge If he has not incurred a penalty, he at) luflic, willingly, lubenter ; luflic, lovely.
ofprinciples or facts received by instruc- least deserves censure. The German has leave in urlaub, a furlow,
tion or study; acquired knowledge or He who tempts, though vain, at least asperses and belief in glaube; live in leben; and
ideas in any branch of science or litera- The tempted with dishonor. Milton. love in liebe, lieben, the Latin libet, lubet.
ture; erudition; literature; science. The 2. Tosay no more. Let useful observations Gr. Aso. Dan. lever, Sw. lefva, to live.
Scaligers were men of great learning. be at least a part of your conversation. These are a small part of the affinities
[This is the proper sense of the word.] The least, in the smallest degree. His fac- of this word. The Germans and Dutch
2. Knowledge acquired by experience, ex- ulties are not in the least impaired. express the sense of leave, by lassen,
periment or observation. At leastwise, in the sense of at least, is obso- laaten, which is our let, Fr. laisser ; and
8. Skillin any thing good or bad. —_Hooker. lete. let in English has the sense both of permit
LE/ASABLE, «a. That may be leased. LE/ASY, a. s asz. Thin; flimsy. It is usu- and of hinder. The most prominent sig-
Sherwood. ally pronounced sleazy. Ascham. nifications of leave, are to stop or forbear,
LEASE, x. [I'r. laisser. See the Verb.] LEAT, n. (Sax. let, durit.] A trench to con- and to withdraw. ]
1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements duct water to or from a mill. — To withdraw or depart from; to quit for
or hereditaments to another for life, for a LEATH’ER, ; {Sax. lether; G. D. leder; a longer or shorter time indefinitely, or
term ofyears, or at will, for a rent or com- LETH’ER, ™ Sw. lider; Dan. lether; for perpetuity. We left Cowes on our re-
pensation reseryed ; also, the contract for Arm. lezr; Ir. leather. The most correct turn to the United States, May 10, 1825.
auch letting, Encye. orthography is lether.] We leave home for a day or a year. The
 LEA LEC LEE
fever leaves the patient daily at a certal n||LEAVENING, n. lev'ening. That which|/LE€/TURER, 2. One who reads or pro-
hour. The secretary has left the business leavens or makes light. Bacon.| nounces lectures; a professor or an in-
of his office with his first clerk. _ LEAVENOUS, a. lev’enous. Containing! structor who delivers formal discourses
A man shall leave his father and his mother, leaven ; tainted. Milton. for the instruction of others.
and cleave to his wife. Gen. il. LE/AVER, n. [from leave.] One who leaves 2. A preacher in a church, hired by the par-
2, To forsake; to desert ;to abandon; to or relinquishes ; one who forsakes. ish to assist the rector, vicar or curate.
inquish. Shak. Johnson.
ae have left all and followed thee. Mark x. LEAVES, n. plu. ofleaf. LE€’TURESHIP, n. The office of alec-
3. To suffer to remain; not to take or re- LE/AVING, ppr. Quitting; withdrawing turer. Suit.
move. from; relinquishing ; suffering to remain; LE€’TURING, ppr. Reading or delivering
Let no man leave of it till the morning. Ex. ceasing ; desisting from. a discourse ; reproving.
xvi. LE/AVINGS, n. plu. Things left ; remnant ; LE€’TURN, use.
x. A reading desk. [Not in
4. To have remaining at death; as, to leave relics. Chaucer.
a good name. i The leavings of Pharsalia. Addison. LED, pret.and pp. oflead.
5. To commit or trust to, as a deposit; or to LED‘EN, n. [Sax. lyden.] Language ; true
suffer to remain. I left the papers in the 2. Refuse ; offal. Swift. meaning. Obs. Chaucer. Spenser.
care of the consul. LE’AVY, a. [from leaf.] Full of leaves; LEDGE, n. [Sax. leger, a layer; D. leggen,
6. To bequeath; to give by will. The de- covered with leaves. [An improper word; to lay, Sax. lecgan.]
ceased has left his lands to his sons, but it ought to be leafy.] Sidney. Shak. 1. A stratum, layer or row.
he has left a legacy to his only daughter. LECH, for lick. Obs. [See Lick.] The lowest ledge or row should be merely of
7. To permit without interposition. Of this, LECH’ER, n. [It. lecco, gluttony, lechery; stone. Wotton.
he leaves the reader to judge. leccare, to lick ; leccardo, greedy; G. lecken; 2. A ridge ; a prominent row; as a ledge of
8. To cease to do; to desist from; to for- D. likker. See lick, leak and lickerish. But rocks.
bear. in Saxon leger-scipe is lewdness, from le- 3. A prominent part; a regular part rising
Let us return, lest my father leave caring for ger, a layer, or a lying down; lecgan, to or projecting beyond the rest. Swift.
the asses and take thought for us. 1 Sam. ix. lay; ligan, to lie. See Lubricity.| 4. A small molding.
9. To refer ; to commit for decision. A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in 5. A small piece of timber placed athwart
To be left to one’s self, to be deserted or for- an exorbitant degree, to the indulgence of ships, under the deck between the beams.
saken; to be permitted to follow one’s the animal appetite, and an illicit com- 6. A long ridge of rocks near the surface ot
own opinions or desires. merce with females. the sea. Mar. Dict.
To leave off, to desist from; to forbear; as, LECH’ER, v. i. To practice lewdness ; to LEDG’ER, n. The principal book of ac-
to leave off work at six o’clock. indulge lust. B. Jonson. counts among merchants; the book into
To leave off, to cease Wearing; as, to leave off LECH’EROUS, a. Addicted to lewdness ; which the accounts of the journal are car-
a garment. prone to indulge lust; lustful ; lewd. ried ina summary form. [See Leger.]
2. To forsake ; as, to leave off an old ac- Derham. LEE, n. plu. lees. [Fr. lie.) Dregs; sedi-
quaintance. Arbuthnot. 2. Provoking lust. Chaucer. ment. [See Lees.]
To leave out, to omit; as, to leave out a word LECH’EROUSLY, adv. Lustfully; lewdly. LEE, n. [Sw. lé; Dan. le. In Sax. hleo,
or name in writing. LECH’EROUSNESS, n. Lust, or strong hleow, is a bower or shelter; Scot. le,
LEAVE, v. 7. To cease; to desist. propensity to indulge the sexual appe- calm, sheltered; Ice. hle, D. ly, lee, and
He began at the eldest and left at the tite. luw, sheltered from the wind; W. clyd,
youngest. Gen. xliv. LECH’ERY, n. Lewdness ; free indulgence sheltering, warm ; Sp. lua, lee.]
To leave off, to cease ; to desist ; to stop. of lust; practice of indulging the animal Literally, a calm or sheltered place, a place
But when you find that vigorous heat abate, appetite. Shak. defended from the wind; hence, that part
Leave off, and for another summons wait. LE€’TION, n. [L. lectio, from lego, to read, of the hemisphere towards which the
Roscommon. Ir. leighim, leagham, Gr. 22y0, Fr. lire.] wind blows, as opposed to that from
LEAVE, v.t. [Fr. lever.] To raise. [Not 1. A reading. which it proceeds.
used. Spenser. 2. Adifference or variety in copies of aman- Under the lee, denotes properly, in the part
LE’/AVED, a. [fromleaf; but leafed would uscript or book. Watts. defended from the wind.
be preferable. | 3. A lesson or portion of Scripture read in Under the lee of the land, is properly, near the
1. Furnished with foliage or leaves. divine service. shore which breaks the force of the wind.
2. Having a leaf, or made with leaves or |LEC/TIONARY, n. The Romish service- Under the lee of a ship, on the side opposite
folds; as a two-leaved gate. book, containing portions of Scripture. to that on which the wind blows.
LEAVEN, n. lev'n. [Fr. levain, from lever, to LE€’TURE, n. [Fr. lecture, from L. lectura, LEE, v. 7%. To lie. [Not used. See Lie.]
raise, L. levo, Eng. to lft.] from lego, to read.] Chaucer.
1. A mass of sour dough, which, mixed with 1. A discourse read or pronounced on any LEE’-BOARD, n. A frame of plank aftixed
a larger quantity of dough or paste, pro- subject; usually, a formal or methodical || tothe side of a flat-bottomed vessel, to
duces fermentation in it and renders it discourse, intended for instruction; asa prevent it from falling to leeward when
light. During the seven days ofthe pass- lecture on morals, philosophy, rhetoric, or close-hauled.
over, no leaven was permitted to be in the theology. LEE’-GAGE, n. A greater distance from
houses of the Jews. Ex. xii. \2. A reading ; the act or practice of reading ; the point whenee the wind blows, than
2. Any thing which makes a general change as in the lecture of Holy Scripture. [Little || another vessel has.
in the mass. Jt generally means some- used. | Brown. LEE/-LURCH, n. A sudden and violent rolt
thing which corrupts or depraves that 3. A magisterial reprimand; a formal re- of a ship to leeward in a high sea.
with which it is mixed. proof. Addison. LEE/-SHORE, n. The shore under the lee
Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of 4. A recitation ; rehearsal ofa lesson. of a ship, or that towards which the wind
the Sadducees. Matt. xvi. blows.
Eng. Univ.
LEAVEN, v. t. lev'n. To excite fermenta-
LE€’TURE, v.i. To read or deliver a form-
LEE/-SIDE, x. The side of a ship or boat
tion in; to raise and make light, as dough farthet from the point whence the wind
or paste. al discourse.
blows ; opposed to the weather-side.
A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1 2. To practice reading lectures for instruc- LEE’-TIDE, x. A tide running in the same
Cor. v. tion. We say, the professor lectures on direction that the wind blows. —A lide un-
2. To taint; to imbue. Prior. geometry, or on chimistry. der the lee, is a stream in an opposite di-
LEAVENED, pp. lev'ened. Raised and made LE€’TURE, v. t. To instruct by discourses. rection to the wind.
light by fermentation. 2. To instruct dogmatically or authorita- LEE/WARD, a. Pertaining to the part to-
LEAVENING, ppr. lev/ening. Making light tively ; to reprove; as, to lecture one for wards which the wind blows; as a leg-
by fermentation, his faults. ward ship.
 LEE LEG LEG
LEE/WARD, adv. Towards the lee, or that LEESE, v. t. To lose. Obs. [See Lose.] LEG/ACY-HUNTER, n. One who flatters
part towards which the wind blows; op- B. Jonson. and courts for legacies.
posed to windward ; as fall to leeward. LEESE, v. t. [L. lesus.] Tohurt. Obs. LE’GAL, a. [Fr. from L, legalis, from lex,
LEE/WAY, n. The lateral movement of a Wickliffe. legis, law.]
ship to the leeward of her course, or the LEET, zn. In Great Britain, a court. The 1. According to law; in conformity with
angle which the line of her way makes court-leet or view of frankpledge, is a law ; as a legal standard or test; a legal
with her keel, when she is close-hauled. court of record held once a year and not procedure.
Mar. Dict. oftener, within a particular hundred, lord- 2. Lawful; permitted by law; as a legal
LEECH,n. [Goth. leikeis, Sax. lec, a host or ship or manor, before the steward of the trade. Any thing is legal which the laws
innkeeper, a physician ; Dan. léege ; le- leet. Its original intent was to view the do not forbid.
ger, to heal; Sw. lakia, to heal ; lakiare, a frankpledges or freemen within the hiber- 3. According to the law of works, as distin-
physician ; Ir. liagh; Russ. liakar.] ty, to preserve the peace, and punish cer- guished from free grace; or resting on
A physician ; a professor ofthe art of heal- tain minute offenses. All freeholders with- works for salvation. Scott. Milton.
ing. Spenser. Dryden. Gay. in the precinct are obliged to attend this 4. Pertaining to law; created by law.
(This word, in the United States, is near- court. Blackstone. The exception must be confined to legal
ly or wholly obsolete. Even cow leech is not The court-leet is for the most part super- crimes, Paley.
used.] seded by the county court. So we use the phrase, criminal law.
2. [Sax. leccan, to seize.] A blood-sucker; LEET-ALE, n. A feast or merry making in LEGAL‘ITY, x. Lawfulness ; conformity
an animal of the genus Hirudo, a species the time ofleet. Eng. to law.
of aquatic worm, which is used in the LEFT, pret. and pp. of leave. 2. In theology, a reliance on works for salva-
medical art for topical bleeding. One LEFT, a. [L. levus ; Gr. 200s, Hesych. tion. Scott.
large species of this animal is called horse- napos ;probably from the root of leave, LE/GALIZE, v.t. To make lawful: to ren-
leech. | Gr. deta, and properly weak, deficient. der conformable to law ; to authorize.
3. In seamen’s language, the border or edge What can legalize revenge?
Applied to the hand or arm, it denotes the
of asail, whichis sloping or perpendicular ; weak arm, as opposed to the 7ight, the 2. 'To sanction ; to give the authority of law
as the fore-leech, the after-leech, &c. strong or dextrous. Hence the ancient to that which is done without law or au-
thority. Irregular proceedings may be
LEE/CH-€RAFT, xn. The art of healing. idea of sinister, unfortunate, attached to
legalized by a subsequent act of the legis-
* Obs. Davies. the left arm or side.] lature.
LEE/CH-LINE, n. Leech-lines are ropes 1. Denoting the part opposed to the right of]LE/GALLY, adv. Lawfully; according to
fastened to the middle of the leeches of the body; as the left hand, arm or side. to law; in a manner permitted by law.
the main-sail and fore-sail, serving to truss Hence, the noun being omitted, we say,
LEG/ATARY, n. [Fr. legataire ; L. legata-
them up to the yards. on the left, that is, on the left side or rius, from lego, to bequeath. |
LEE/CH-ROPE, n. That part of the bolt- wing, as of an army. A legatee ;one to whom a legacy is be-
rope to which the skirt or border of a sail 2. The left bank of a river, is that which is queathed.
is sewed. Mar. Dict. on the left hand of a person whose face is [But legatee is generally used.]
LEEF, a. Kind ; fond ; pleasing; willing. towards the mouth of the river. LEG/ATE, n. [Fr. legat; L. legatus, from
Obs. [See Lief.) Spenser. LEFT-HAND’/ED, a. Having the left hand lego, to send. See Lackey.| An embas-
LEEK, n. [Sax. leac ;G. lauch ; D. look; or arm more strong and dextrous than sador; but especially,
Sw. lok; Dan. lég.] the right; using the left hand and arm 2. The pope’s embassador to a foreign
A plant of the genus Allium, with a bulbous with more dexterity than the right. prince or state ; a cardinal or bishop sent
root. Numb. xi. 2. Unlucky ; inauspicious ; unseasonable. as the pope’s representative or commiss-
LEE’LITE, n. A mineral, so called from Obs. B. Jonson. ioner to a sovereign prince. Legates are
Dr. Lee, of St. John’s College, Cambridge. LEFT-HAND/EDNESS, x. Habitual use of three kinds; legates a latere, or counsel-
It is described as a siliceous stone, and of the left hand, or rather the ability to ors and assistants of his holiness, legates
by some mineralogists considered to be a use the left hand with more ease and de latere, who are not cardinals, and legates
hydrate of silica. Phillips. strength than the right. by office. Encyc.
LEER, v. 7. [D. gluuren, begluuren.| To LEFT-HAND/INESS, n. Awkwardness. LEGATEER,, xn. [L. lego, to send.] One
look obliquely ; to turn the eye and cast a Chesterfield. to whom a legacy is bequeathed.
look from a corner, either in contempt, LEG, n. [Dan. leg; It. lacca.] The limb Swift.
defiance or frowning, or for a sly look. of an animal, used in supporting the body LEG/ATESHIP, n. The office of a legate.
Swift. and in walking and running ; properly, LEG’ATINE, a. Pertaining to a legate ; as
2, To look with a forced countenance. that part of the limb from the knee to the legaltine power. Shak.
Dryden. foot, but in a more general sense, the 2. Made by or proceeding from a legate ; as
LEER, v. t. To allure with smiles. Dryden. whole limb, including the thigh, the leg a legatine constitution. Ayliffe.
LEER, n. (Sax. hleare, hleor, the cheek.] and the foot. LEGA’TION, n. [L. legatio, from lego, to
1. The cheek. Obs. 2. The long or slender support of any thing; send.] An embassy; a deputation; prop-
2. Complexion ; hue ; face. Obs. Shak. as the leg ofa table. erly a sending, but generally, the person
3. An oblique view. To make a leg, to bow ; a phrase introduced or persons sent as envoys or embassadors
—With jealous leer malign probably by the practice of drawing the to a foreign court. Bacon.
Eyed them askance. Millon. right leg backward. [Luttle used.] LEGA’TOR, n. [L.] A testator ;one who be-
4. An affected cast of countenance. Locke. Swift. queaths a legacy. [Little used.] Dryden.
Damn with faint praise, concede with civil To stand on one’s own legs, to support one’s LEGE, v.t. To allege ; to lighten. [Not
leer. Pope. self; to trust to one’s own strength or ef- in use.] Chaucer.
LEER, a. [Sax. geler.] Empty ; also, forts without aid. LEGEND, x. [It. leggenda ; L. legenda,
trifling ; frivolous. Obs. B. Jonson. LEG’ACY, n [Sp. legado; Fr. legs; L. le- from lego, to read; originally, in the
LEE’RING, ppr. Looking obliquely ; cast- gatum, from lego, to send, to bequeath; Romish church, a book of service or les-
ing a look askance. eS sons to be read in worship. ]
LEE’/RINGLY, adv. With an arch oblique
look or smile.
Eth. NAN lak. Ar. SMS alaka, to 1 saints, A chronicle or register of the lives of
formerly read at matins and at the
LEES, n. [Fr. lie; Arm. ly; probably a send. Class Lg. No. 1.] refectories of religious houses. Hence,
contracted word. It is used in the plural A bequest; a particular thing, or certain 2. An idle or ridiculous story told respecting
only.] sum of money given by last will or testa- saints. Encye.
The grosser parts of any liquor which have ment. 3. Any memorial or relation. Johnson.
settled on the bottom of a vessel ; dregs; Good counsel is the best legacy a father can 4, An incredible, unauthentie narrative.
sediment ; as the lees of wine. Fi leave to his child. L. Estrange. Blackmore.
 LEG LEG LEM
5. An inscription, particularly on medals LE/GIONARY, n. One of a legion. LEGITIMATENESS, x. Legality; law-
and on coins. ddison. Milton. fulness; genuineness.
LEG’END, v. ¢. To tell or narrate, as a le- LEG/ISLATE, v. i. [L. lex, legis, law, and LEGITIMA’TION, n. [Fr.] The act of ren-
gend. Hall. Jero, latum, to give, pass or enact.] dering legitimate, or of investing an ille-
LEG’/ENDARY, a. Consisting of legends; To make or enact a law or laws. Itisa gitimate child with the rights of one born
fabulous ; strange. question whether it is expedient to legis- in wedlock.
LEG/ENDARY, x. A book of legends; a late at present on the subject. Let us not 2. Lawful birth. [Unusual.] Shak.
relater of legends. ‘ Sheldon. legislate, when we have no power to en- LEG’UME, [L. legumen; Fr. legume;
LEGER, n. [D.leggen, to lie, Sax. lecgan.] force our laws. LEGU’MEN, ,ie probably from L. lego, to
Any thing that lies in a place; that which LEGISLA’TION, n. [Fr.] The act of pass- collect, and signifying that which collects,
rests or remains ; sometimes used as a ing a law or laws; the enacting of laws. or holds, or a collection.]
noun, but more frequently as an adjective, Pythagoras joined legislation to his philoso- In botany, a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two
as a leger ambassador, that is, resident3 phy. Littleton. valves, in which the seeds are fixed to one
but the word is now obsolete, except in LEGISLATIVE, a. [Fr. legislatif.] Giv- suture only. In the latter circumstance it
particular phrases. ing or enacting laws; as a legislative body. differs from a siliqua, in which the seeds
A leger-line, in music, a line added to the 2. Capable of enacting laws; as legislative are attached to both sutures. In popular
staff of five lines, when more lines than power. use, alegume is called a pod, or a cod; as
five are wanted, for designating notes as- 3. Pertaining to the enacting of laws; suita- a pea-pod, or peas-cod. Martyn.
cending or descending. ble to laws; as the legislative style. 2. In the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c.
A leger-book, or leger, a book that lies in the 4. Done by enacting; as alegislative act. LEGU’MINOUS, a. Pertaining to pulse;
counting house, the book into which! [.Vote. In this word, and in legislator, consisting of pulse. Leguminous plants
merchants carry a summary of the ac- legislatrix, legislature, the accent is nearly are such as have a legume for a pericarp,
counts of the journal ; usually written equal on the first and third syllables, and as peas and beans.
ledger. a, in the third, has its first or long sound. ] LEIS'URABLE, a. s as z. [See Leisure.]
LEG/ERDEMAIN, n. [Fr. leger, It. leg- LEGISLA’TOR, n. [L.] A lawgiver; one Vacant of employment; not occupied; as
giero, light, slight, and Fr. de main, o who makes laws for a state or community. letsurable hours. [Little used.] Brown.
hand. See Light.] This word is limited in its use to a su- LEIS’‘URABLY, adv. At leisure; without
Shght of hand ; a deceptive performance preme lawgiver, the lawgiver of a sove- hurry. [Little used.] Hooker.
which depends on dexterity of hand; a reign state or kingdom, and is not applied LEISURE, n. lezh/ur or lee'zhur. [Fr. loisir.
trick performed with such art and adroit- to men that make the by-laws of a subor- This is doubtless from the same root as
ness, that the manner or art eludes obser- dinate corporation. Sw. and Dan. ledig, void, empty, vacant,
vation. ‘The word is sometimes used ad- LEGISLA’/TORSHIP, n. The office of a le- free, eased; Sw. ledighet, Dan. ledighed,
jectively ; asa legerdemain eee gislator. [.Vot in use.] Halifax. leisure. }
LEGER ITY, n. (Fr. legereté.] Lightness; LEGISLA’TRESS,
aie! = , A female who 1. Freedom from occupation or business;
nimbleness. [vot in Sea ae Shak.|| LEGISLA’TRIX, makes ewes j vacant time; time free from employment.
LEG’GED, a. [from leg.] Having legs ; Baad 2 iy ? ooke. The desire of /eisure is much more natural
used in composition; as a eee sa (LEGISLATURE, n. (Sp. legislatura.] The than of business and care. Temple.
mal. body of menin a state or kingdom, invest- I shall leave with him that rebuke to be con-
LEG/GIN, n. [from leg.] A cover for the|) ©4 with power to make and repeal laws; sidered at his leisure. Locke.
leg ;a garment that incloses the leg. the supreme power of a state. The legis- 2. Convenience of time.
Mackenzie.|| lature of Great Britain consists of the house He sigh’d, and had no leisure more to say.
LEGIBIL/ITY, n. Legibleness ;the quality of lords and the house of commons with [.Vot used.] Dryden.
or state of being legible. “| the king, whose sanction is necessary to LEIS’URELY, a. Done at leisure; not
LEGIBLE, a. [L. legibilis, from lego, tol) every bill before it becomes a law. The hasty; deliberate; slow; as a leisurely
read.] legislatures of most of the states in Ameri- walk or march; a leisurely survey of life.
1. That may be read ; consisting of letters or) Cs Consist of two houses or branches, LEIS‘URELY, adv. Not in haste or hurry ;
but slowly ; at leisure; deliberately.
figures
eye; as that may be distinguished by the|
a fair,
the sanction of the governor is required
legible manuscript. to give their acts the force of law, or a We descended very leisurely, my fiiend being
2. That may be discovered or understood by|| concurrence of two thirds of the careful to count the steps. Addison.
two
apparent marks or indications. The|| houses, after he has declined and assigned LE/MAN, n. [probably contracted from lif-
thoughts of men are often legible in their||_ is objections. , 4 the laws. man, leveman; Sax. leof, loved, and man.
cour tenance @ LE’GIST, n. One skilled in See Love and Lief.}
LEG/IBLENESS, n. The quality or state of E Marston. A sweetheart; a gallant, or a mistress. Obs.
being legible. \LEGIT/IMACY, n. [from legitimate.] Law- Chaucer. Spenser. Shak.
LEG/IBLY, adv. Insuch a manner as may fulness of birth ;opposed to bastardy. f LEME, x. [Sax. leoma.] A ray of light.
be read; as a manuscript legibly written. 2 Genui ie _ Ayliffe. [ot in use.] Chaucer.
: mise 2. Genuineness ; opposed to spuriousness.
LEclON, Me LL.legio, from lego, to collect.]| The legitimacy of his conclusions is not to LEME, v. 7. To shine. Obs.
- In Roman antiquity, a body of infantry Hatuiestionad LEM’MA, n. [Gr. anuua, from ranGare, to
consisting of different numbers of men at/ a 5 receive. |
different periods, from three to five thou- PECLUIMATE, a. (FY. legttime Eg
sand. Each legion J ae : mus ; from lex, law.] ha In mathematics, a previous proposition proy-
was
oy divided into .ten % ed, or a proposition demonstrated for the
5
cohorts, each cohort into ten companies, _ |. Lawfully begotB born; : wed-
born in purpose of being used in the demonstra-
: 5 filly begotten or born; born iniwe
and each company into two centuries. | lock Ure ; as legitimate
5 heirs or z children * tion of some other proposition. Itis there-
Feny IESE eae 2. Genuine; real; proceeding from a pure fore a received truth. Day.
2. A military force ;military bands. Shak,|| Souree; not false or spurious; as legiti- LEMMING, A species of animal be-
3. A great number. mate arguments or inferences. LE/MING, §”" longing to the genus Mus;
Where one sin has entered, legions will force LEGITIMATE, v. t. [Fr. legitimer; Sp. akind of rat, in the north of Europe, which
their way through the same breach. Rogers. legitimar ; It. legittimare.] sometimes migrates from north to south in
1. To make lawful. immense numbers. Encyc.
My name is legion, for we are many. Mark vy.
2. To render legitimate; to communicate Lemnian earth, or sphragide, from the isle of
LE/GLONARY, a. Relating to a legion or the rights of a legitimate child to one that
to legions. Lemnos, in the Egean sea, a kind of as-
is illegitimate ; to invest with the rights of tringent medicinal earth, of a fatty con-
2, Consisting of a legion or of legions jasa a lawful heir. Ayliffe.
legionary force. sistence and reddish color, used in the
LEGITIMATELY, adv. Lawfully ; ac- same cases as bole. It has the external
3. Containing a great number; as a legion- cording to law.
ary body of errors. appearance of clay, with a smooth sur-
Brown.}2. Genuinely ; not falsely. Dryden. face resembling agate, especially in recent
Vol. I.
 LEN LEN LEN
fractures. It removes impurities like 1. The extent of any thing material from end P. S. Murray has sent or will send a double
soap. Encyc. Nicholson. to end; the longest line which can be copy of the Bride and Giaour; in the last one,
LEM/NISCATE, n. [L. lemniscus, a ribin; drawn through a body, parallel to its some lengthy additions ;pray accept them, ac-
lemniscatus, adorned with ribins.] A curve sides; as the length of a church or of a cording to old customs—
in the form of the figure 8. ship; the length ofa rope orline. Lord Byron's Letter to Dr. Clarke,
LEM/ON, n. [Fr. Sp. limon; It. limone. 2. Extent; extension. Dec. 13, 1813.
Chalmers’ Political Annals, in treating of South
This word is found in the Arabie of Avi- Stretch’d at his length he spurns the swarthy Carolina—is by no means as lengthy as Mr.
cenna, and in the Amharic dialect of Ethio- ground. Dryden. Hewitt’s History.
pia, we find lime or lome, the same word.] 3. A certain extent; a portion of space; Drayton's View of South Carolina.
_ . The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus with a plural. LE/NIENT, a. [L. leniens, from lenio, lenis,
Citrus, which grows in warm climates. Large lengths of seas and shores— Shak.
This fruit furnishes a cooling acid juice, 4. Space of time; duration, indefinitely ; as soft, mild; Ar. oY laina, to be soft, or
which forms an ingredient in some of our a great length of time. What length o
most delicious liquors. time will this enterprise require for its ac- smooth. Class Ln. No 4. The primary
2.. Lemon or lemon tree, the tree that produces complishment ? sense probably is smooth, or to make
lemons. 5. Long duration. smooth, and blandus may be of the same
LEMONA’DE, n. [Fr. limonade ; Sp. limon- May heaven, great monarch, still augment family.]
ada; from limon.]} 1. Softening ; mitigating; assuasive.
A liquor consisting of Jemon juice mixed With h Bngth
length of
of 3
days, and d every dayday like
like this.
tl Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand,
with water and sweetened. , y Manet Dryden. Yet tames not this. ope.
LE’MOUR, n. [L.] A genus of quadrupeds, 6. Reach or extent; as, to pursue a subject Sometimes with of; as lenient of grief.
the Makis, natives of Africa and the East to agreat length. Milton.
Indies. 7. Extent; as the length of a discourse, es- 2. Laxative; emollient.
LE’MURES, n. [L.] Hobgoblins; evil spir- say, or argument. Oils relax the fibers, are lenient, balsamic—
its. [Not English.] 8. Distance. Arbuthnot.
LEND, v. t. pret. and pp. lent. [Sax. lenan; He had marched to the length of Exeter. LE’NIENT, n. That which softens or as-
Sw. lina; Dan. laaner; G. lethen; D. [Unusual and inelegant.] Clarendon. suages ; an emollient. Wiseman.
leenen. Lend is a corrupt orthography of At length, at or in the full extent. Let the LEN’IFY, v. t. To assuage; to soften; to
len, or loan, or derived from it. See Loan.] name be inserted at length. mitigate. [Little used.]
1. To grant to another for temporary use, 2. At last; at the end or conclusion. Bacon. Dryden.
on the express or implied condition that Dryden. LEN’IMENT, n. An assuasive. [Not
the thing shall be returned; as, to lend a LENGTH, v.t. To extend. [Not used.] used.|
book; or LENGTWEN, v. t. length’n. To extend in LEN‘ITIVE, a. [It. lenitivo; Fr. lenitif;from
2. To grant a thing to be used, on the con- length; to make longer; to elongate; as, L. lento, to soften.]
dition that its equivalent in kind shall be to lengthen a line. Having the quality of softening or mitiga-
returned; as, to lend asum of money, or a 2. To draw out or extend in time; to pro- ting, as pain or acrimony; assuasive;
loaf of bread. tract; to continue in duration; as, to emollient. Bacon. Arbuthnot.
. To afford; to grant; to furnish, in gen- lengthen life. The days lengthen from De- LEN‘ITIVE, n. A medicine or application
eral; as, to lend assistance; to lend an ear cember to June. that has the quality of easing pain; that
to a discourse. 3. To extend; as, to lengthen a discourse or which softens or mitigates.
Cato, lend me for a while thy patience. a dissertation. 2. A palliative; that which abates passion.
Addison. 4. To draw out in pronunciation; as, to South.
. To grant for temporary use, on condition lengthen a sound or a syllable. This verb LEN‘ITY, n. [L. lenitas, from lenis, mild,
of receiving a compensation at certain pe- is often followed by out, which may be soft.]
riods for the use ofthe thing, and an ulti- sometimes emphatical, but in general is Mildness of temper; softness ; tenderness;
mate return of the thing, or its full value. useless. mercy. Young offenders may be treated
Thus money is lent on condition of receiv- What if I please to lengthen out his date ? with lenity. It is opposed to severity and
ing interest for the use, and of having the Dryden. rigor.
principal sum returned at the stipulated LENGTHEN, v. 7 To grow longer; to LENS, n. plu. lenses. [L lens, a lentil.] A
time. Lend is correlative to borrow. extend in length. A hempen rope con- transparent substance, usually glass, so
To permit to use for another’s benefit. A tracts when wet, and lengthens when formed that rays of light passing through
lent his name to obtain money from the dry. it are made to change their direction, and
bank. LENGTHENED, pp. Made longer ;drawn to magnify or diminish objects at a cer-
To let for hire or compensation ; as, to out in length ; continued in duration. tain distance. Lenses are double-convex,
lend a horse or gig. {This sense is used LENGTH’/ENING, ppr. Making longer; or convex on both sides; double-concave,
by Paley, and probably may be common in extending in length or in duration. or concave on both sides; plano-convex,
England. But in the United States, I be-| LENGTH’ENING, n. Continuation; pro- or plano-concave, that is, with one side
lieve, the word is never thus used, except traction. Dan.iv. | plane, and the other convex or concave ;
in reference to money. We lend money LENGTH FUL, «a. Of great length in or convex on one side and concave on the
upon interest, but never lend a coach or measure. Pope. other: the latter is called a meniscus.
horse fora compensation. We use let.} LENGTH’WISE, adv. In the direction of| Encye.
LEND’/ABLE, a. That may be lent. the length; in a longitudinal direction. |LENT, pp. of lend.
Sherwood. LENGTH’Y, a. Being long or moderately LENT, n. [Sax. lencten, spring, lent, from
LEND’ER, n. One who lends. long; not short; not brief; applied mostly leng, long ; lenegan, to lengthen; so call-
The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. to moral subjects, as to discourses, writings,ed from the lengthening of the days.]
XXil. arguments, proceedings, &c.; as alengthy The quadragesimal fast, or fast of forty days,
2. One who makes a trade ofputting money sermon; a lengthy dissertation ; a lengthy observed by the christian church before
to interest. Bacon. Dryden. detail. Master, the festival of our Savior’s resur-
LEND/ING, ppr. Granting for temporary Lengthy periods. rection. It begins at Ash-Wednesday, and
use. [See Lend.] Washington’s Letter to Plater. continues till Easter.
No ministerial act in France, in matters of,
LEND/‘ING, n. The act of loaning. LENT’EN, a. Pertaining to lent; used in
judicial cognizance, is done without a proces
2. That which is lent or furnished. Shak. verbal, in which the facts are stated amidst a lent; sparing; as a lenten entertainment ;
LENDS, n. [Sax.] Loins. (ot in use.] great deal of lengthy formality, with a degree} a lenten sallad. Shak.
Wickliffe. of minuteness, highly profitable to the verbali- LENTICULAR, a. [L. lenticularis, from
LENGTH, n. [Sax. lengthe, from leng, long ; zing officers and to the revenue. lens, supra.]
D. lengte.] Am, Review, Ap. Oct. 1811. ‘1. Resembling a lentil.
 LEP LES LES
2. Having the form ofa lens; lentiform. LEP‘ID, a. [L. lepidus.] Pleasant ;jocose. They gathered some more, some less. Ex.
LENTI¢€/ULARLY, adv. In the manner 0 Little used.) XVi.
a lens; with a curve. J LEP/IDOLITE, 2. [Gr. r¢2Xs, a scale.] Al 2. An inferior.
LENTIC/ULITE, n. A petrified shell. mineral found in scaly masses, ordinarily}| The less is blessed by the better. Heb. vii.
LENTIFORM, a. [L. lens and forma, ofa violet or lilac color; allied to mica. LESS, v.t. To make less. [Mot in wse.]
form.] Of the form of a lens. Dict.| Gower
LENTIG/INOUS, a. [L. lentigo, a freckle, Lepidolite is of a peach-blossom red color, LESSEE’, n. [from lease.] The person to
from L. lens.] Freckly; scurfy ; furfura- sometimes gray; massive and in small whom a lease is given, or who takes an
ceous. J concretions. On account of its beautiful estate by lease. Blackstone.
LENTI/GO,n. A freckly eruption on the skin. color, it has been cut into snuff-boxes. It LESSEN, »v. t. les’n. [from less.] To make
LEN'TIL, n. [Fr. lenitille, from L. lens.] is sometimes called [ilalite. less ;to diminish; to reduce in bulk, size,
A plant of the genus Ervum. It is an an- Jameson. Ure. quantity, number or amount; to make
nual plant, rising with weak stalks about LEP‘IDOPTER, 7, LGr. ders, a scale, smaller; as, to lessen a kingdom or its
18 inches. The seeds, which are contain- LEPIDOP’TERA, § ‘and zrepov, a wing. } ) population,
ed ina pod, are round, flat, and a little The Lepidopters are an order of insects 2. To diminish in degree, state or quality ;
convex in the middle. It is cultivated for having four wings covered with fine as, awkward manners tend to lessen our
fodder, and for its seeds. Encye. scales, like powder, as the butterfly. respect for men of merit.
LEN’TISK, [Fr. lentisque ;It. lentis- LEPIDOP’TERAL, a. Belonging to the 3. To degrade ; to reduce in dignity.
LENTIS’€US, § ™ chio; Sp. lentisco; L. order of Lepidopters. St. Paul chose to magnify his office, when ill
lentiscus.] LEP/ORINE, a. [L. leporinus, from lepus, a men conspired to lessen it. Atterbury.
A tree of the genus Pistacia, the mastich- hare. Qu. the Teutonic leap, to run.| LESSEN, v. i. les’n. To become less; to
tree, a native of Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Pertaining to a hare; having the nature or shrink; to contract in bulk, quantity,
the south of Europe. The wood is of a qualities of the hare. Johnson. number or amount; to be diminished.
pale brown, resinous and fragrant. [See LEPROS ‘ITY, x. Squamousness. — [Litile The apparent magnitude of objects lessens
as we recede from them.
Mastich.]
LENT’ITUDE, n. [L. lentus, slow.] Slow- Hlused. | Bacon.
LEP’ROSY, n. [See Leper.] A foul cutane- 2. To become less in degree, quality or in-
tensity ; to decrease. The strength of the
ness. _[JVot used.] Dict. ous disease, appearing in dry, white, thin,
LENT’NER, n. A kind of hawk. Walton. scurfy scabs, attended with violent itch- body, and the vivacity of the temper usu-
LENT’OR, n. [L. from lentus, slow, tough, ing. Itsometimes covers the whole body, ally lessen as we advance in age.
clammy ; Fr. lenteur.]} rarely the face. One species of it is call- LESS/ENED, pp. Made smaller; diminish-
1. Tenacity ; viscousness. Bacon. ed elephantiasis. Encye. ed.
2. Slowness ; delay ; sluggishness. The term leprosy is applied to two very dis- LESS/ENING, ppr. Reducing in bulk,
Arbuthnot. tinct diseases, the scaly and the tubereu- | amount or degree ; degrading.
3. Siziness ; thickness offluids; viscidity ; a lated, or the proper leprosy and the ele- |LESS’ER, a. [Sax. lessa, lesse, from las.
term used in the humoral pathology. phantiasis. The former is characterized This word is a corruption; but too well
Coxe. Quincy. by smooth laminated scales, sometimes established to be discarded. ]
LENT/OUS, a. [L. lentus, slow, thick.] livid, but usually whitish ; in the latter, the Less ;smaller. Authors always write the
Viscid ; viscous ; tenacious. Brown. skin is thickened, livid and tuberculated. Lesser Asia.
LEN’ZINITE, n. [from Lenzius, a German It is called the black leprosy, but this term By the same reason, may a man ina state
mineralogist. } is also applied to the livid variety of the|| of nature, punish the lesser breaches of that
scaly leprosy. Good. law. Locke.
A mineral of two kinds, the opaline and ar- God made the lesser light to rule the night.
gillaceous ; a variety of clay, occurring LEP‘ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreur. See Leper.] Gen. i.
usually in small masses of the size of a Infected with leprosy; covered with white LES’SON, n. les’n. (This word we proba-
nut. Cleaveland. Phillips. scales.
His hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv.
bly have received from the Fr. lecon, L.
LE’O, n. [L.] The Lion, the fifth sign of lectio, from lego, to read, Fr. lire, lisant ;
the zodiac. LEP’/ROUSLY, adv. In aninfectious degree.
Sp. leccion; It. lezione; Sw. lexa; and
LE'ONINE, a. [L. leoninus, from leo, lion.] LERE, n. Learning; lesson; lore. Obs.
not from the D. leezen, G. lesen, to read.]
Belonging to a lion; resembling a lion, or Spenser. . Any thing read or recited to a teacher by
partaking of his qualities; as leonine LERE, v. t. To learn; to teach. Obs. a pupil or learner for improvement; or
fierceness or rapacity. Chaucer.
such a portion of a book as a pupil learns
Leonine verses, so named from Leo, the in- LE/SION, n. le’zhun. (L. lesio, from ledo, and repeats at one time. The instructor
ventor, are those, the end of which rhymes! to hurt.]
A hurting; hurt; wound; injury. Rush. is pleased when his pupils recite their
with the middle ; as, lessons with accuracy and promptness.
Gloria factorum temere conceditur horum. LESS, for unless. [Not in use.]
|2. A portion of Scripture read in divine
Johnson. LESS, a terminating syllable of many
LE’/ONINELY, adv. In the manner of a service. Thus endeth the first lesson.
nouns and some adjectives, is the Sax. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript as-
lion. Harris. leas, Goth. laus, belonging to the verb
LEOPARD, n. lepard. [L. leo, lion, and signed by a preceptor to a pupil to be
lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. learnt, or for an exercise ;something to
pardus, pard, Gr. mapdos, from Heb. 755 Hence it is a privative word, denoting
to separate, that is, spotted, broken into be learnt. Give him his lesson.
destitution ; as a witless man, a mun desti- 4. Precept; doctrine or notion inculcated.
spots. tute of wit; childless, without children; Be not jealous over the wife of thy bosom,
A rapacious quadruped of the genus Felis. Satherless ;faithless ; pennyless ;lawless, &c. and teach her not an evil lesson against thy-
It differs from the panther and the once LESS, a. [Sax. les; perhaps allied to Dan. self. Ecclus.
in the beauty of its color, which is of a laser, to abate, to lessen, to relieve, to ease. . Severe lecture; reproof; rebuke.
lively yellow, with smaller spots than Less has the sense of the comparative de- She would give her a lesson for walking so
those of the two latter, and disposed in gree of little.] late. Sidney.
groups. Itis larger than the once and Smaller; not so large or great; as a less 6. Tune written for an instrument. Davies.
iess than the panther. This animal is quantity or number; a horse of less size 7. Instruction or truth, taught by experience.
found in Africa and Asia, and so rapacious or value. We are all destined to suffer! The lessons which sickness imparts, she
as to spare neither man nor beast. Encye. afHliction in a greater or less degree. leaves to be practiced when health is es-
LEOP’ARD’S-BANE, n. A plant of the LESS, adv. Not so much; ina smaller or tablished.
genus Doronicum. The German Leopard’s- lower degree ; as less bright or loud; less |LES/SON, v. t. les’n. To teach; to instruct.
bane is of the genus Arnica. Lee. beautiful; less obliging; less careful. The Children should be lessoned into a contempt
LEP’ER, n. [L. lepra, leprosy, Fr. lepre, less a man praises himself, the more dis- and detestation of this vice. L’ Estrange
Ir. lobhar, Gr. xenpa.] A person affected posed are others to praise him. LES‘SONED, pp. Taught; instructed,
with leprosy. LIESS, n. Not so much. LES‘SONING, ppr. Teaching.
 LET LET LET
LES/SOR, n. [from lease.] One who leases; their power; as, lef me not wander from LE’THBE, n. le‘thee. [Gr. ay9n, forgetfulness :
the person who lets to farm, or gives a thy commandments. Ps. exix. anfa, L. lateo, to be hid.| Oblivion; a
lease. Blackstone. Followed by the first person piural, Let draught of oblivion. Milton.
LEST, con. [from the Sax. leas, Goth. laus, expresses exhortation or entreaty; as, LETHE’AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or
loose, separate. In Saxon it was prece- rise, let us go. t oblivion. Lempriere. As. Res.
ded by the, the leas, that less, that not, ne Followed by the third person, it implies LETHIF’EROUS, a.[ L. lethum, death, and
forte. Hence it denotes a loosing or sepa- permission or command addressed to an Jero, to bring.]
ration, and hence it comes to express pre- inferior. Let him go, let them remain, are Deadly ; mortal; bringing death or destruc-
vention.]| That not; for fear that. commands addressed to the second per- tion. Robinson.
Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch son. Let thou, or let ye, that is, do thou LET’TER, 2. [from let.] One who permits.
it, lest ye die. Gen. iii. or you permit him to go. 2. One who retards or hinders.
The phrase may be thus explained. Ye Sometimes let is used to express a com- 3. One who gives vent; as a blood-letter.
shall not touch it; that separated or dis- mand or injunction to a third person. LET’TER, n. [Fr. lettre; It. lettera; L.
missed, ye die. That here refers to the When the signal is given to engage, let litera ;W. Ulythyr.]
preceding command or sentence; that every man do his duty. 1. A mark or character, written, printed,
being removed or not observed, the fact When applied to things not rational, it engraved or painted; used as the repre-
being not so, ye will die. implies allowance or concession. sentative of a sound, or of anfarticulation
Sin no more, lest a worse thing come to O’er golden sands let rich Pactolus flow. of the human organs of speech. By
thee. John v. Pope. sounds, and articulations or closures of the
Sin no more; that fact not taking place, a 5. To retard ; to hinder;
to impede; to in- organs, are formed syllables and words.
worse thing will happen to thee. terpose obstructions. 2 Thess. 2. Hence a letter is the first element of
LET, v. t. pret. and pp. let. Letted is obso- [This sense is now obsolete, or nearly written language, as a simple sound is the
lete. so.}
[Sax. letan, letan, Goth. letan, to first element of spoken language or speech.
permit, to hinder, to dismiss or send ‘To let alone, to leave; to suffer to remain As sounds are audible and communicate
away, to let go, to leave, to admit, to without intermeddling ; as, let alone this ideas to others by the ear, so letters are
think or suppose, to dissemble, to retard, idle project; let me alone. visible representatives of sounds, and com-
to be late or slow, to dally or trifle, to To let down, to permit to sink or fall; to municate the thoughts of others by means
lease or let out; letan aweg, to let away, lower. of the eye.
to throw; W. lluz, hinderance; lluziaw,to She let them down by a cord through the 2. A written or printed message ; an epistle ;
hinder ; D. laaten, to permit, to suffer, to window. Josh. ii. a communication made by visible charac-
give, to leave, to loose, to put, to stow ; To let loose, to free from restraint; to per- ters from one person to another at a dis-
G. lassen, to let, to permit, grant, allow, mit to wander at large. tance.
suffer ;verlassen, to forsake ; unterlassen, \To let in or into, to permit or suffer to en- The style of letters ought to be free, easy
to cease, to forbear; Sw. lita, to permit; ter; to admit. Open the door, lef in my and natural. Walsh.
Dan. lader, to let, permit, allow, grant, friend. We are not let into the secrets of 3. The verbal expression; the literal mean-
suffer, give leave. But in the four latter the cabinet. ing.
dialects, there is another verb, which cor- To let blood, to open a vein and suffer the “We must observe the /etter of the law, with-
responds with let in some of its significa- blood to flow out. out doing violence to the reason of the law,
tions ;D. lyden, G. leiden, Sw. lida, Dan. To let out, to suffer to escape; also, to lease and the intentions of the lawgiver. Taylor.
lider, to suffer, endure, undergo, to per- or let to hire. 4. Type; a character formed of metal or
mit. With this verb corresponds the En- To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an ar- wood, usually of metal, and used in
glish late, D. laat, Sw. lat, Dan. lad, sloth- row; or cause to explode, as a gun. printing books.
ful, lazy ;and the G. lass, feeble, lazy, co- LET, v. 7. To forbear. Obs. Bacon. 5. Letters, in the plural, Jearning; erudi-
incides with lassen, supra, and this may be LET, x. A retarding; hinderance; obsta- tion; as a man of letters.
the Eng. lazy. To let out, like L. elocare, is cle; impediment; delay. [Obsolete, un- Dead letter, a writing or precept, which is
to lease, Fr. laisser. Lel is the Fr. laisser, less in some technical phrases. | without authority or force. ‘The best law
ina different dialect. By the German LYT, a termination of diminutives ; as ham- may become a dead letter.
and Welsh it appears that the last radi- let, a little house ; rivulet, a small stream. Letter of attorney, a writing by which one
cal may have originally been th, ts or tz, [Sax. lyt, small, less, few. See Little.] person authorizes another to act in his
or other compound. See Class Ld. No. iLE/THAL, a. [L. lethalis, mortal, from Gr. stead.
2, 15. 19. 23. 82. and Class Ls. No. 30.} anon, oblivion.] Deadly ;mortal; fatal. Letter of marque, a private ship commission-
To permit; to allow; to suffer; to give Richardson. ed or authorized by a government to
leave or power by a positive act, or neg- LETHALITY, x. Mortality. Akins. make reprisals on the ships of another
atively, to withhold restraint ;not to pre- |LETHAR’GI€, q, Lu. lethargicus ; Fr. state. [See Marque.]
vent. A leaky ship lets water enter into LETHAR/GICAL, ¢ * lethargique.| Pre- Letters patent, or overt, open, a writing exe-
the hold. Let is followed by the infinitive ternaturally inclined to sleep; drowsy; cuted and sealed, by which power and
without the sign fo. i}
dull; heavy. Arbuthnot. authority are granted to a person to do
Pharaoh said, I will let you go. Ex. viii. iL ETHAR/GICALLY, adv. In a morbid || some act, or enjoy some right; as leilers
When the ship was caught and could not sleepiness. patent under the seal of England.
bear up into the wind, we let her drive. Acts LETHAR/GICALNESS, Preternatur- LET’TER, v.t. 'To impress or form letters
XXVI. LETHAR’GICNESS, bn. al or morbid on; as, to letter a book; a book gilt and
we. To lease; to grant possession and use for sleepiness or drowsiness. More. Herbert. lettered.
a compensation; as, to let to farm; to let LET’TER-€ASE, n. A case or book to put
an estate for a year; to lef a room to lod- LETH’ARGIED, pp. or a. Laid asleep ;en- letters in.
gers; often followed by out, as, to let out tranced. Shak.
LET’TERED, pp. Stamped with letters.
a farm; but the use of owt is unnecessary. LETH/ARGY, n. [L. lethargia ; Gr. r78ap-
3. To suffer; to permit; with the usual yen; 279, Oblivion, and apyos, idle.] LET’TERED, a. Literate ; educated ; vers-
sign of the infinitive. 1. Preternatural sleepiness; morbid drow- ed in literature or science. Collier.
There’s a letter for you, Sir, if your name be siness; continued or profound sleep, from 2. Belonging to learning; suiting letters.
Horatio, as Iam let to know it is. [/Vot used.} which a person can scarcely be awaked, LET’TER-FOUNDER, n. One who casts
Shak. and if awaked, remains stupid. letters ; a type-founder.
4. In the imperative mode, let has the follow- 2. Dullness ; inaction ; inattention. LET’TERING, ppr. Impressing or form-
ing uses. Followed by the first and third Europe lay then under a deep lethargy. ing letters on; as lettering a book on the
persons, it expresses desire or wish ; Atterbury. cover.
hence it is used in prayer and entreaty to LETH/ARGY, v.t. To make lethargic or LET’TERLESS, a. Mliterate ; unlettered;
superiors, and to those who have us in dull. Churchill. | not learned. Waterland.
 LEV L EK Vv LEV
LET’TER-PRESS, n. [letter and press.] LEV’EE, n. (Fr. from lever, to raise, LL. |2.oO Rate; standard; usual elevation ; cus*
Print ; letters and words impressed levo.|on tomary highth ; as the ordinary level of the
paper or other material by types. 1. The time ofrising. world.
LETTUCE, n. let/tis. [Fr. laitue; It. lattu- 2. The concourse of persons who visita 3. Equal elevation with something else ; a
ga; Sp. lechuga; Arm. lactuzen; G. lat- prince or great personage in the morning. State of equality.
tich; D.latuw; from L. lactuca, according Johnson. Providence, for the most part, sets us on a
to Varro, from lac, milk.] . A bank or causey, particularly along a level, Spectator.
A genus of plants, the Lactuca, of many river to prevent inundation; as the levees | 4. The line of direction in which a missile
species, some of which are used as sal- along the Mississippi. weapon is aimed.
lads. LEV’EL, a. [Sax. leefe, id. ;W. llyun, smooth, 5. An instrument in mechanics by which to
LEU'CIN, As [Gr. Aevx0s, white.] A pe-| even, level, sleek, slippery ; llyvelu, to level, find or draw a horizontal line, as in set-
LEU’CINE, §“ culiar white pulverulent to render uniform, to devise, invent, guess ; ting buildings, or in making canals and
substance obtained from beef-fibers, treat- Uyvnu, to make smooth. This seems to drains. The instruments for these pur-
ed with sulphuric acid, and afterwards; be connected with llyvu, to lick. So like, poses are various; asthe air level, the car-
with alcohol. D. gelyk, G. gleich, is smooth, even, level, penter’s level, the mason’s level, and the
Braconnet. Webster's Manual. equal, coinciding with Eng. sleek. 'The gunner’s level.
LEU'CITE, n. [Gr. aevxos, white.] A stony L. libella, libra, belong to this root; It. - Rule; plan; scheme: borrowed from the
substance, so called from its whiteness, livella. mechanic’s level.
found among volcanic productions in Ita- . Horizontal; coinciding with the plane of Be the fair level of thy actions laid— Prior.
ly, in crystals, or in irregular masses ; for-| the horizon. 'To be perfectly level is to be LEV’ELED, pp. Reduced to a plane; made
merly called crystals of white shorl, or exactly horizontal. even.
white granite or granilite. 2. Even; flat; not having one part higher i 2. Reduced to an equal state, condition or
Dict. Nat. Hist. than another; not ascending or descend- rank.
Haity calls this mineral, amphigene. It, ing; as a level plain or field ; level ground; 3. Reduced to an equality with something
else.
is called by some writers leucolite, and by, a level floor or pavement. In common
others, dodecahedral zeolite. usage, level is often applied to surfaces 4, Elevated or depressed to a right line to-
LEU€O-ETHIOP’I¢€, a. [Gr. 2evx0s, white, that are not perfectly horizontal, but wards something; pointed to an object;
and advo}, black.] which have no inequalities of magnitude. directed to a mark.
White and black; designating a white ani- Even with any thing else ; of the same 5. Suited ; proportioned.
mal ofa black species, or the albino. highth; on the same line or plane. LEV’ELER, n. One that levels or makes
Lavwrence.| 4, Equal in rank or degree ;having no de-
even.
gree of superiority. 2. One that destroys or attempts to destroy
LEUCOPHLEG’MACY, xn. [Gr. REvKOS, | Be level in preferments, and you will soon be distinctions, and reduce to equality.
white, and 9¢yua, phlegm.] as level in your learning. Bentley. LEW’/ELING, ppr. Making level or even.
A dropsical habit of body, or the commence- LEV’EL, v. ¢. To make horizontal. } 2. Reducing to an equality of condition.
ment of anasarca; paleness, with viscid LEWELING, x. The art or practice of
juices and cold sweats. | 2. To make even; to reduce or remove in-| finding a horizontal line, or of ascertain-
equalities of surface in any thing; as, tol
Coxe. Parr. Arbuthnot. level a road or walk. ing the different elevations of objects on
LEUCGPHLEGMAT IC, a. Having a drop-| 3. To reduce or bring to the same highth the surface of the earth; in other words,
sical habit of body with a white bloated with something else. the difference in the distance of objects
skin. And their proud structures level with the from the center of the earth. Encyc.
LEU€O’THIOP, n. [See Leuco-ethiopic.] ground. Sandys.| LEV’ELNESS, x. Evenness; equality of
An albino; a white man of a black race.
J . To
surface.
LEU’THRITE, n. [from Leuthra, in Sax-| lay flat; to reduce to an even surface
2. Equality with something else.
ony.] | or plain. LEVEN. [See Leaven.]
A substance that appears to bea recomposed He /evels mountains, and he raises plains. LEV’EN, n. (Sax. hlifian.] Lightning.
rock, of a loose texture, gritty and harsh Dryden. Obs. Chaucer.
to the touch. Its color is a grayish white, . To reduce to equality of condition, state LEV’ER, a. [Fr. levier; It. leva; from le-
tinged here and there with an ocherous| or degree; as, to level all ranks and de- ver, levare, L. levo, to raise.]
brown. It includes small fragments of, grees of men. r In mechanics, a bar of metal, wood, or other
mica. Phallips.| 16. To point, in taking aim; to elevate or de-| substance, turning on a support called the
LE'VANT, a. [Fr. levant, rising, from lever,| press so as to direct a missile weapon to| fulerum or prop. Its arms are equal, as
L. levo.] an object; to aim; as, to level a cannon or, in the balance ; or unequal, as in steelyards.
musket. It isone of the mechanical powers, and is
Eastern; denoting the part of the hemis-)
~ . To aim; to direct; as severe remarks of three kinds, viz. 1. When the ful-
phere where the sun rises.
leveled at the vices and follies of the age.| crum is between the weight and the pow-
Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds.) 8. To suit; to proportion; as, to level obser-
Milton. er, as in the handspike, crowbar, &c. 2.
vations to the capacity of children. | When the weight is between the power
LEVANT’,x. [It. levante, the East, supra.] LEVEL, v. i. To accord; to agree ; to suit.)
Properly, a country to the eastward ; but! and the fulerum, as in rowing a boat. 3.
[Little used.] Shak. When the power is between the weight
appropriately, the countries of Turkey, 2. To aim at; to point a gunor an arrow to!
and the fulcrum, as in raising a ladder from
Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c. the mark. |
which are washed by the Mediterranean 3. To aim at; to direct the view or purpose.| the ground, by applying the hands to one
and its contiguous waters. of the lower rounds. The bones of ani-
The glory of God and the good of his church, mals are levers of the third kind.
LEV‘ANTINE, a. Pertaining to the Levant.| ought to be the mark at which we level. LEV’/ERET, xn. [Fr. lievret, from lievre, a
D Anville. Hooker. hare.] A hare in the first year of her age.
2. Designating a particular kind of silk 4. To be aimed ; to be in the same direction LEV’EROCK, xn. A bird, a lark. [See
cloth. with the mark. Lark.| Johnson.
LEVANTINE, n. A particular kind of silk He raised it till he devel’d right. Butler. LEV’ET, x. [Qu. Fr. lever, to raise.} A
cloth.
5. To aim; to make attempts. blast of a trumpet; probably that by which
LEVA’TOR, n. [L. from levo, to raise.] In Ambitious York did /evel at thy crown. soldiers are called in the mornins. [.vot
anatomy, a muscle that serves to raise some Shak. used. | Hudibras
part, as the lip or the eyelid. 6. To conjecture ; to attempt to guess. [Vot LEV‘IABLE, a. [from levy.| That may be
2. A surgical instrument used to raise a de- used. | Shak levied ; that may be assessed and collect-
pressed part of the skull. Wiseman. LEV’‘EL, x. A horizontal line, or a plane; ed; as sums leviable by course of law.
LEVE, for believe. Obs. Gower: | a surface without inequalities Hale. Bacon.
 1 EV LEX LIB
LEVI/ATHAN, n. [Heb.jn%.] An aquat- form an army by enrollment, conscription words in a language, with the definition of
ic animal, described in the book of Job, or other means. each, or an explanation of its meaning.
ch. xli, and mentioned in other passages 2. To raise; to collect by assessment; as, LEX/I€ONIST, x. A writer of a lexicon.
of Scripture. In Isaiah, it is called to levy taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions. Little used.) Orient. Col.
the crooked serpent. It is not agreed To levy war, is to raise or begin war ; to take! LEX’IGRAPHY, n. [Gr. ae&s, a word, and
what animal is intended by the writers, arms for attack; to attack. Blackstone.| ypape, to write.] The art or practice of
whether the crocodile, the whale, or a To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a’ defining words. Med. Repos.
species of serpent. \ suit for assuring the title to lands or tene- LEY, a different orthography of lay and lea,
2. The whale, or a great whale. Milton. ments. Blackstone. a meadow or field.
LEV’Y, n. The act of collecting men for LHER’ZOLITE, n. [from Lherz, in the
LEVIGATE, v. t. [L. levigo, from levis, military, or other public service, as by en- Pyrenees.]
smooth, Gr. 2«vs.] : listment, enrollment or other means. 1) A mineral, a variety of pyroxene. When
1. In pharmacy and chimistry, to rub or grind Kings ix. : crystalized, its crystals are brilliant, trans-
to a fine impalpable powder; to make
2. Troops collected ; an army raised. 1 lucid, very small, and of an emerald green.
fine, soft and smooth. Kings v. M
2. To plane; to polish. Barrow. Dict.
3. The act of collecting money for public LUABLE, a. [Fr. lier, to bind, L. ligo;
LEV'IGATE, a. Made smooth. use by tax or other imposition. Norm. lige, a bond. See Liege.]
LEV'IGATED, pp. Reduced to a fine im- 4. War raised. [.Not in use.] Shak. 1. Bound; obliged in law or equity; res-
palpable powder. LEW, a. [D. laauw.] Tepid ; lukewarm ; ponsible ;answerable. The surety is li-
LEV’/IGATING, ppr. Rendering very fine, pale; wan. Obs. , able for the debt of his principal. The
soft and smooth, by grinding or rubbing. LEWD, a. [W. lodig, having a craving ; parent is not liable for debts contracted by
a son who is a minor, except for necessa-
llodi, to reach out, to crave ; llodineb, lewd-
LEVIGA’TION, n. The act or operation ries.
ness ; lawd, that shoots out or is growing,
of grinding or rubbing a solid substance
alad; G. luder, lewdness; Heb. Ch. Syr. This use of liable is now common among
to a fine impalpable powder. Encye.
LEVITA’TION, n. [L. levis, levitas.] Light- Sam. 1 to beget, to bring forth; Ar. lawyers. The phrase is abridged. The
ness ; buoyancy; act of making light.
surety is liable, that is, bound to pay the
debt of his principal.
LE'VITE, n. [from Levi, one of the sons of XJ4, Eth. OAL ia] 2. Subject; obnoxious; exposed.
Jacob.] 1. Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust 3] Proudly secure, yet liable to fall. Milton.
One of the tribe or family of Levi; ade- addicted to fornication or adultery; dis- Liable, in this sense, is always applied
scendant of Levi; more particularly, an
solute ; lustful; libidinous. Ezek. xxiii. to evils. We never say, a man is liable to
officer in the Jewish church, who
was 2. Proceeding from unlawful lust; as lewd) happiness or prosperity, but he is liable to
employed in manual service, as in bring- actions. disease, calamities, censure; he is liable to
ing wood and other necessaries for the ;3. Wicked ; vile; profligate ;_ licentious. err, to sin, to fall.
sacrifices. The Leyites also sung and} Acts xvii. 'LVABLENESS, The state of being
played on instruments of music. They LEWD, a. [Sax. lewed, lewd. This seems |LIABIL‘ITY, ™ bound or obliged in
were subordinate to the priests, the de- to be a contracted word, and either from law or justice; responsibility. The offi-
scendants of Aaron, who was also of the the root of laical, lay, or from the Sax. cer wishes to discharge himself from his
family of Levi. Encye. leod, G. leute, people, which seems to be liability.
LEVIT’I€AL, a. Belonging to the Levites, from the same root as the foregoing word,| 2. Exposedness ; tendency ; a state of be-
or descendants of Levi; as the levitical like L. gens, from geno.|] Lay; laical ;not ing subject; as the liableness of a man to
law, the law given by Moses, which pre- clerical. Obs. Davies.| contract disease in an infected room; a
scribed the duties and rights of the priests LEWD'LY, adv. With the unlawful indul- liability to accidents.
and Levites, and regulated the civil and gence of lust; lustfully. LIA/R, n. [from lie.] A person who know-
religious concerns of the Jews. 2. Wickedly ;wantonly. ingly utters falsehood ;one who declares
2. Priestly. Milton. LEWD'NESS, n. The unlawful indulgence} to another asa fact what he knows to be
LEViT’I€ALLY, adv. After the manner of lust ; fornication, or adultery. not true, and with an intention to deceive
of the Levites. 2. In Scripture, it generally denotes idola- him. The uttering of falsehood by mis-
LEVITICUS, n. [from Levi, Levite.] A try. take, and without an intention to deceive,
canonical book of the Old Testament, 3. Licentiousness ; shamelessness. Spenser. does not constitute one a liar.
containing the laws and regulations which LEWD’STER, n. One given to the crimi-| 2. One who denies Christ. 1 Jobnii.
relate to the priests and Levites among nal indulgence of lust; a lecher. [NVot}) LIVARD, a. Gray. Obs. Chaucer.
the Jews, or the body of the ceremonial used. | Shak. LIAS, n. A species oflimestone, occurring
law. LEXI€OG’RAPHER, n. [See Levicogra- in flat, horizontal strata, and supposed to
LEV'ITY, n. [L. levitas, from levis, light ;) phy.| The author of a lexicon or diction- be of recent formation. Encye.
connected perhaps with Eng. lift.] ary. \LIB, v.t. [D. lubben.] To castrate. [Not in
1. Lightness; the want of weight in a body, LEXICOGRAPH use. | Chapman.
TE, a. Pertaining to the \LIBA’TION, n. [L. libatio, from libo, to
compared with another that is heavier. writing or compilation of a dictionary.
The ascent of a balloon in the air is owing pour out, to taste.]
Boswell. 1. The act of pouring a liquor, usually wine,
to its levity, as the gas that fills itis light- LEXI€OG’‘RAPHY, n. [Gr. rc&ixov, a dic-
er than common air. either on the ground, or on a victim in
tionary, and ypape, to write.] sacrifice, in honor of some deity. The
2. Lightmess of temper or conduct; incon- 1. The act of writing a lexicon or dictiona-
stancy ; changeableness ; unsteadiness ; ry, or the art of composing dictionaries. Hebrews, Greeks and Romans practiced
as the levity of youth. Hooker. (2. 'The composition or compilation of a dic- libation. This was a solemn act and ac-
3. Want of due consideration ; vanity ; freak. companied with prayer. Encyc.
tionary. |2. The wine or other liquor poured out in
He never employed his omnipotence out LEXICOL/OGY, n. [Gr. rckixov, a diction-
of levity or ostentation. honor of a deity. Stillingfleet. Dryden.
ary, and doyos, discourse. | LIBBARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard.
4. Gayety of mind; want of seriousness; The science of words; that branch oflearn-
disposition to trifle. The spirit of religion Spenser. Milton.
ing which treats of the proper significa- LIB/BARD’S-BANE, n. A poisonous plant.
and seriousness was succeeded by levity.
tion and just application of words. B. Jonson.
LEV’Y, v.t. (Fr. lever;It. levare ;Sp. levar; Med. Repos. LIBEL, n. [L. libellus, a little book, from
L. levo; Eng. to lift.] LEX’‘TEON, n. [Gr. rc&xor, a dictionary, liber, a book, from the sense of bark, and
1. Toraise; to collect. To levy troops, is to from Ags, Asya, to speak. | this from stripping, separating. Hence
enlist or to order men into public service. A dictionary ;a vocabulary or book con- liber, a book, and liber, free, are the same
To levy an army, is to collect troops and taining an alphabetical arrangement of the word. Class Lb. No. 24, 27. 30. 31.]
 LIB | ae ie LIB
1, A defamatory writing, L. libellus famosus. not necessarily synonymous with collegi- LIBERA’TION, n. [L. liberatio.] The act of
Hence, the epithet being omitted, libel ex- ate ; as a collegiate education. delivering from restraint, confinement or
presses the same thing. Any book, pamph- 5. Free; open; candid; as a liberal commu- slavery.
let, writing or picture, containing repre- nication of thoughts. Sao n. One who liberates or de-
sentations, maliciously made or published, 6. Large ; profuse; as a liberal discharge of ivers.
tending to bring a person into contempt, matter by secretions or excretions. LIBERTA’RIAN, a. [L. liber, free; libertas,
or expose him to public hatred and deris- 7. Free; not literal or strict; as a liberal liberty.]
ion. The communication of such defam- construction of law. Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of
atory writing to a single person, is consid- 8. Not mean; not low in birth or mind. free will, as opposed to the doctrine of ne-
ered in law a publication. It is immate- 9. Licentious ; free to excess. Shak. cessity.
rial with respect to the essence of a libel, Laberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical Remove from their mind libertarian preju-
whether the matter of it is true or false, arts, are such as depend more on the ex- dice. Encye.
since the provocation and not the falsity is ertion of the mind than on the labor of LIB/ERTINAGE, x. Libertinism, whichis
the thing to be punished criminally. But the hands, and regard amusement, curios- most used.
ina civil action, a libel must appear to be ity or intellectual improvement, rather LIB/ERTINE, x. [L. libertinus, from liber,
false, as well as scandalous. _ Blackstone. than the necessity of subsistence, or man- free.]
In a more extensive sense, any blasphe- ual skill.: Such are grammar, rhetoric, 1, Among the Romans, a freedman ; a per-
mous, treasonable or immoral writing or painting, sculpture, architecture, music, son manumitted or set free from legal ser-
picture made public, is a libel, and punish- c. vitude.
able by law. Liberal has of before the thing bestowed, and 2. One unconfined; one free from restraint.
2. In the civil law, and in courts of admiralty, to before the person or object on which Shak.
a declaration or charge in writing exhibit- any thing is bestowed; as, to be liberal of 3. A man who lives without restraint of the
ed in court, particularly against a ship or praise or censure ; liberal to the poor. animal passion; one who indulges his lust
goods, for violating the laws oftrade or of| LIBERAL'TY, n. [L. liberalitas ; Fr. libe- without restraint ;one who leads a disso-
revenue. ralité. See Liberal.j lute, licentious life ;a rake ; a debauchee.
LIBEL, v. t. To defame or expose to pub- 1. Munificence ; bounty. LIB‘'ERTINE, a. Licentious; dissolute; not
lic hatred and contempt by a writing or That liberality is but cast away, under the restraint of law or religion; as
picture ; to lampoon. Which makes us borrow what we cannot pay. libertine principles; a libertine life.
Some wicked wits have lideled al! the fair. Denham. LIB/ERTINISM, n. State of a freedman.
Pope. 2. A particular act of generosity ; a dona- {Latile wsed.| Hammond.
2. To exhibit a charge against any thing in tion; a gratuity. In this sense, it has the 2. Licentiousness of opinion and practice;
court, particularly against a ship or goods, plural number. A prudent man is not im- an unrestrained indulgence of lust; de-
for a violation of the laws of trade or rev- poverished by his hiberalities. bauchery ; lewdness. Atterbury.
enue. 3. Largeness of mind; catholicism; that |LIB/ERTY, n. (L. libertas, from liber, free;
LIBEL, v.%. To spread defamation, writ- comprehensiveness of mind which in- Fr. liberté; It. liberta ; Sp. libertad. Class
ten or printed; with against. He libels cludes other interests beside its own, and Lb. No. 24. 27. 30. 31.]
against the peers of the realm. [.Vot now duly estimates in its decisions the value or il Freedom from restraint, in a general
in use.] importance of each. It is evidence of a sense, and applicable to the body, or to the
LI/BELANT, n. One who libels ;one who noble mind to judge of men and things willor mind. The body is at liberty, when
brings a libel or institutes a suit in an ad- with liberality. not confined ; the will or mind is at liberty,
miralty court. Many treat the gospel with indifference under when not checked or controlled. A man
The counsel for the libelant, contended they the name ofliberality. J. M. Mason. enjoys liberty, when no physical force op-
had a right to read the instructions— 4. Candor ; impartiality. erates to restrain his actions or volitions.
Cranch, Rep. LIB/ERALIZE, v. t. To render liberal or 2 Natural liberty, consists in the power of
LIBELED, pp. Defamed by a writing or catholic ; to enlarge ; to free from narrow acting as one thinks fit, without any re-
picture made public. views or prejudices; as, to liberalize the straint or control, except from the laws of
2. Charged or declared against in an admi- mind. Burke. Walsh. nature. Itisa state of exemption from
ralty court. the control of others, and from positive
LI'BELER, n. One who libels or defames LIB/ERALIZED, pp. Freed from narrow
views and prejudices ; made liberal. Jaws and the institutions ofsocial life. This
by writing or pictures; a lampooner. liberty is abridged by the establishment of
It is ignorance of ourselves which makes us LIB‘/ERALIZING, ppr. Rendering liberal; government.
the lidelers of others. Buckminster. divesting of narrow views and prejudices.
3. Civil liberty, is the liberty of men in a
LI'BELING, ppr. Defaming by a _publish- LIB/ERALLY, adv. Bountifully; freely; state of society, or natural liberty, so far
ed writing or picture. largely ; with munificence.
only abridged and restrained, as is neces-
2. Exhibiting charges against in court. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of sary and expedient for the safety and in-
God, who giveth to all men liberally, and up-
LIBELOUS, a. Defamatory; containing braideth not. James i. terest of the society, state or nation. A
that which exposes a person to public ha- restraint of natural liberty, not necessary
2. With generous and impartial regard to or expedient for the public, is tyranny or
tred, contempt and ridicule; as a libelous
other interests than our own; with en- oppression. Civil liberty is an exemption
pamphlet or picture.
LIB/ERAL, a. [Fr. from L. liberalis, from larged views; without selfishness or from the arbitrary will of others, which
liber, free. See Libel.} meanness ; as, to think or judge liberally exemption is secured by established laws,
3. Of a free heart; free to give or bestow;
of men and their actions. which restrain every man from injuring
not close or contracted ; munificent ;
3. Freely; not strictly ; not literally. or controlling another. Hence the re-
bountiful; generous; giving largely; as LIB/ERATE, v. t. [L. libero, from liber, free; straints of law are essential to civil liberty.
a liberal donor ; the liberal founders of a Fr. liberer ; It. liberare.] The liberty of one depends not so much on
college or hospital. It expresses less than 1. To free; to release from restraint or the removal of all restraint from him, as on the
profuse or extravagant. bondage; to set at liberty; as, to liberate due restraint upon the liberty of others.
2. Generous; ample; large; as a liberal do- one from duress or imprisonment; to lib- Ames,
nation; a liberal allowance. erate the mind from the shackles ofpreju- In this sentence, the latter word liberty
3, Not selfish, narrow or contracted; catho- dice. denotes natural liberty.
lic ;enlarged ;embracing other interests 2. To manumit; as, to liberate a slave. 4, Political liberty, is sometimes used as sy-
than one’s own ;_ as liberal sentiments or LIB’ERATED, pp. Freed; released from nonymous with civil liberty. But it more
views ; a liberal mind; liberal policy. confinement, restraint or slavery; manu- properly designates the liberty of a nation,
4. General ; extensive ; embracing litera- mitted. the freedom of a nation or state from all
ture and the sciences generally ; as a libe- LIB/ERATING, ppr. Delivering from re- unjust abridgment of its rights and inde-
ral education. This phrase is often but straint or slavery. pendence by another nation. Hence we
 LIB LIC LIC
often speak of the political liberties of Eu- To poise; to balance; to hold in equipoise. _ Law is the god of wise men; licentiousness
rope, or the nations of Europe. LI/BRATE, v. 7. To move, as a balance; to is the god of fools. i2 lato.
5. Religious liberty, is the free right of adopt- be poised. LICH, a. [Sax. lic. See Like.] Like; even;
ing and enjoying opinions on religious sub- Their parts all librate on too nice a beam. | equal. Obs. Gower.
jects, and of worshiping the Supreme Be- Clifton. LICH, n. [Sax. lic or lice, ‘a body, the
ing according to the dictates of conscience, LIBRA/TION, n. The act of balancing or flesh,a dead body or corpse; lichama, a
without external control. state of being balanced; a state of equi- living body; hence lichwake, watching
fer). Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to ne-
poise, with equal weights on both sides of, with the dead ; Lichfield, the field of dead
cessily, is the power of an agent to do or a center. bodies ;Goth. leik, the flesh, a body; Lei-
forbear any particular action, according 2. In astronomy, an apparent irregularity o kan, to please, Sax. licean; Goth. leiks,
to the determination or thought of the the moon’s motions, by which it seems to like; G. gleich, D. lyk and gelyk, like; G.
mind, by which either is preferred to the librate about its axis. Encye.}| leiche, a dead body, D. lyk ;Heb. pon cha-
other. Locke. Libration is the balancing motion or trepida- Pee hed
Freedom of the will; exemption from tion in the firmament, whereby the declination
of the sun and the latitude of the stars change lak, smooth; Ar” Vhs chalaka, to
compulsion or restraint in willing or voli-
tion. from time to time. Dict. Trev.
shave, to make smooth; rhs galaka,
~!. Privilege; exemption ; immunity enjoyed 3. A balancing or equipoise between ex-
by prescription or by grant; with a plu- _ tremes. Darwin. to measure, to form, to create, to make
ral. Thus we speak of the liberties of the LIBRATORY, a. Balancing; moving like smooth and equable, to be beautiful; de-
commercial cities of Europe. a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or rivatives, creature, man, people. We see
CO. Leave ; permission granted. The wit- level. the radical sense is smooth, or rather to
ness obtained liberty to leave the court. LICE, plu. oflouse. make even, equal, smooth; hence like,
. A space in which one is permitted to pass LICE-BANE, n. A plant. likeness, and a body. We have here an
without restraint, and beyond which he LICENSE, n. [Fr. from L. licentia, from instance of the radical sense of man and
may not lawfully pass; with a plural; as liceo, to be permitted, Ir. leighim, ligim, to body, almost exactly analogous to that of
the liberties of a prison. allow or permit. ] Adam, from 7193 to make equal, to be like.]
10. Freedom ofaction or speech beyond the iL. Leave; permission ; authority or liberty LICHEN, n. [L. from Gr. rseyqv.| In bota-
ordinary bounds of civility or decorum. given to do or forbear any act. A license ny, the name for an extensive division of
Females should repel all improper liber- may be verbal or written; when written, cryptogamian plants, constituting agenus
ties. the paper containing the authority is call- in the order of Algze, in the Linnean sys-
To take the liberty to do or say any. thing, to ed a license. Aman is not permitted to tem, but now forming a distinct natural
use freedom not specially granted. retail spirituous liquors till he has obtain- order. They appear in the form of thin
To set at liberty, to deliver from confine- ed a license. flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of
ment; to release from restraint. 2. Excess of liberty; exorbitant freedom; trees, or in foliaceous expansions, or
To be at liberty, to be free from restraint. freedom abused, or used in contempt of} branched like a shrub in miniature, or
Liberty of the press, is freedom from any law or decorum. sometimes only as a gelatinous mass, or a
restriction on the power to publish books ; License they mean, when they cry liberty. powdery substance. They are called rock
the free power of publishing what one Milton. moss and tree moss, and some of the liy-
pleases, subject only to punishment for LUCENSE, v. ¢. To permit by grant of au- erworts are of this order. They also in-
abusing the privilege, or publishing what) thority ; to remove legal restraint by a clude the Iceland moss and the reindeer
is mischievous to the public or injurious to} grant of permission; as, to license a man moss ; but they are entirely distinet from
individuals. Blackstone. to keep an inn. the true mosses (Musci. ) Ed. Encyc.
LIB'IDINIST, nz. One given to lewdness. 2. To authorize to act in a particular char- 2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appear-
Junius. acter ; as, to license a physician or a law- ing in the form of a red, dry, rough, and
LIBID/INOUS, a. [L. libidinosus, from lib- yer. somewhat prurient spot, that gives off
tdo, lubido, lust, from libeo, libet, lubet, to 3. To dismiss. [ot in use.] Wolton. small furfuraceous scales. Hooper.
please, it pleaseth ; G. liebe, love ; lieben, to LI'CENSER, n. One who grants permiss- |LICHENOGRAPH Te, Pertaining
love; Eng. love, which see. The root is ion; a person authorized to grant per- LICHENOGRAPH ICAL, g * to lichen
lib or lub.} mission to others; as a licenser of the ography.
Lustful; lewd ; having an eager appetite for press. LICHENOG’RAPHIST, n. One who de-
venereal pleasure. Bentley. LICEN’TIATE, n. [from L. licentia.] One|! scribes the lichens.
LIBID INOUSLY, a. Lustfully ; with lewd) who has a license; as a Licentiate in physic \LICHENOG’RAPHY, z. [lichen and ypape,
desire. or medicine. to write.] J
LIBID/INOUSNESS, n. The state or qual- 12. In Spain, one who has a degree; as a li- A description of the vegetables called li-
ity of being lustful; inordinate appetite for} centiate in law or divinity. The officers of) chens; the science which illustrates the
venereal pleasure. justice are mostly distinguished by this ti- natural history of the lichens. Acharius,
LIBRA, n. [L.] The balance ; the seventh 4 tle. Encye. LIC'IT, a. [L. hettus.] Lawful.
sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at LICEN’TIATE, v. ¢t. To give license or LICITLY, adv. Lawfully.
the autumnal equinox, in September. permission. LTEstrange.|| |LIC/ITNESS, ». Lawfulness.
LIBRA/RIAN, n. [L. librarius, with a differ- LICEN’TIOUS, a. [L. licentiosus.] Using |LICK, v. t. (Sax. liccian ;Goth. laigwan ;G.
ent signification, from liber, bark, a book.]| license ; indulging freedom to excess ; un- lecken, schlecken ;D. likken; Dan. likker,
1. The keeper or one who has the care of a) restrained by law or morality ; loose ; dis- slikker ;Sw. slekia, slikia ;Fr. lecher; It.
library or collection of books. solute; as a licentious man. leccare ; Ir. leagaim, lighim ; Russ. lokayu,
2. One who transcribes or copies books. 2. Exceeding the limits of law or propriety; lju; L. lingo; Gr. reyo. Class Lg. No.
{Vot now used.] Broome. 12.18. See Like and Sleek.]
wanton; unrestrained; as licentious de-
LIBRARY, n. [L. librarium, libraria, from) sires. Jacentious thoughts precede licen- \l. To pass or draw the tongue over the sur-
tious conduct. face ; as,a dog licks a wound. Temple.
liber, a book.] 2. To lap; to take in by the tongue; as, a
1. A collection of books belonging to a pri- LICEN’TIOUSLY, adv. With excess o dog or cat licks milk. I Kings xxi.
vate person, or to a public institution or liberty ; in contempt of law and morality. To lick up, to devour ;to consume entirely.
a company.
LICEN'TLOUSNESS, 7. Excessive indul- Now shall this company lick up all that are
2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a gence ofliberty ;contempt ofthe just re-
collection of books. round about us, as an ox licketh up the grass of
straints of law, morality and decorum. the field. Numb. xxii.
LI/BRATE, v. t. [L. libro, from libra, a bal-| The licentiousness of authors is justly con- ieisek the dust, to be slain; to perish in bat-
ance, a level; allied perhaps to Eng! demned; the licentiousness of the press is tle.
level.} punishable by law. His enemies shall lick the dust. Ps. Ixsii.
 LID LIE LIk
LICK, x. In America, a place where beasts trunk; also, the cover of the eye, the pleasure ; to le at the mercy of
acreditor,
of the forest lick for salt, at salt springs.membrane which is drawn over the eye- or at the mercy of the wayes.
LICK, n. [W. lac, a lick, a slap, a ray, a ball of an animal at pleasure, and which 8. To consist.
blade ; llaciaw, to lick, to shoot out, to is intended for its protection; the eyelid. He that thinks that diversion may not lie in
throw or lay about, to cudgel. Qu. the LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, hard labor, forgets the early rising of the hunts-
is written lye, to distinguish it from le, a man. Locke.
root of flog and slay, to strike. See Ar. 9. 'To be sustainable in law ; to be capable
falsehood.
of being maintained. An action Lies
XJ lakka, to strike. Class Lg. No. 14.] LIE, n. (Sax. lig or lyge ;Sw. lign; Dan.
lign ; D.leugen ; G. lug, lige ; Russ. loj. against the tenant for waste.
1. A blow; astroke. [ot an elegant word.} The verb is probably the primary word.] An appeal lies in this case. Ch. J. Parsons.
2. A wash; something rubbed on. [Volt an 1. A criminal falsehood; a falsehood utter- To lie at, to teaze or importune. [Litile
use.| ed for the purpose of deception; an inten- used.
LICK, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punish- tional violation of truth. Fiction, or a To lie at the heart, to be fixed as an object
ment; to flog; to chastise with blows. false statement or representation, not in- of affection or anxious desire.
Not an elegant word ; but probably flog, L. tended to deceive, mislead or injure, as in The Spaniards have but one temptation to
igo, is from the root of this word.] fables, parables and the like, is not a lie. quarrel with us, the recovering of Jamaica, for
LICK’ER, n. One that licks. It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man that has ever lain at their hearts. Temple.
LICK’ERISH, a. [D. Dan. lekker, G. lecker, may act a lie, as by pointing his finger ina To lie by, to be reposited, or remaining with.
Sw. licker, nice, dainty, delicate. This wrong
direction, when a traveler inquires of He has the manuscript lying by him.
seems to be connected with D. lekken, G. him his road. Paley. 2. To rest; to intermit labor. We lay by
lecken, Dan. lekker, Sw. licka, to leak, for 2. A fiction; in a ludicrous sense. Dryden. during the heat of the day.
in D. the verb signifies also to make sleek 3. False doctrine. 1 John ii. To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or im-
or smooth, and in G, to lick, which unites 4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false pediment. Remove the objections that
the word with lick, and perhaps with like. god. Rom. i. lie in the way of an amicable adjustment.
In Sax. liccera is a glutton, and this is the 5. That which deceives and disappoints To lie hard or heavy, to press ;to oppress; to
It. lecco, a glutton, a lecher ; leccardo, confidence. Micah i. burden.
greedy; leccare, to lick. The Arm. has To give the lie, to charge with falsehood. To lie on hand, to be or remain in possess-
lickez, lickerish. The phrase, the mouth A man’s actions may give the lie to his ion; to remain unsold or undisposed of.
waters for a thing, may throw light on this words. Great quantities of wine lie on hand, or
word, and if the first syllable of delight, de- LIE, v. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan; Dan. lyver; have lain long on hand.
licious and delicate, is a prefix, these are of} Sw. liuga; G. liigen; D. leugenen; Russ. To lie on the hands, to remain unoccupied
the same family, as may be the Gr. yavxvs, gu. or unemployed; to be tedious. .Men are
sweet. The senses of watery, smooth, sweet, if ane falsehood with an intention to sometimes at a loss to know how to em-
are allied ; likeness is often connected with deceive, or with an immoral design. ploy the time that lies on their hands.
smoothness, in radical sense, and sleek is Thou hast not lied to men, but to God. To lie on the head, to be imputed.
probably from the root of lick, like.] Acts v. What he gets more of her than sharp words,
—_. Nice in the choice of food; dainty; as a 2. To exhibit a false representation; to say let it he on my head. Shak.
lickerish palate. D Estrange. or do that which deceives another, when To lie in wait, to wait for in concealment ;
~ Eager ; greedy to swallow; eager to taste he has a right to know the truth, or when to lie in ambush ; to watch for an oppor-
or enjoy; having a keen relish. morality requires a just representation. tunity to attack or seize.
Sidney. Dryden. Locke. LIE, v.%. pret. lay; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] To lie in one, to be in the power of; to be-
3. Dainty ;tempting the appetite ; as licker- (Sax. ligan or licgan; Goth. ligan; Sw. long to.
hggia; Dan. ligger ;D. liggen ; G. liegen; As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with
ish baits. Milton. allmen. Rom. xii.
LICK’‘ERISHLY, adv. Daintily. Russ. leju; Gr. aeyouar. The Gr. word
LICK’ERISHNESS, n. Niceness of palate ; usually signifies to speak, which is to utter To lie down, to lay the body on the ground
or throw out sounds. Hence to lie down or other level place ; also, to go to rest.
daintiness.
LI€/ORICE, n. [It. liquirizia; L. glycyr- is to throw one’s self down, and probably To lie in, to be in childbed ; to bring forth
he and lay are of one family, as are jacio young.
rhiza ; Gr. yavxvpprea ; yavxvs, sweet, and To lie wnder, to be subject to; to suffer; to
pa, root.| and jaceo, in Latin.]
be oppressed by.
A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza. The root - To be ina horizontal position, or nearly
of this plant abounds with a sweet balsam- so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, To lie on or upon, to be a matter of obliga-
and not on the end. Thus a person lies tion or duty. It les on the plaintiff to
ic juice, much used in pectoral composi- maintain his action. ‘
tions. Encyc. on a bed, and a fallen tree on the ground.
LICOROUS, LICOROUSNESS, for licker- A cask stands on its end, but kes on its To lie with, to lodge or sleep with; also, to
side. have carnal knowledge of.
ish, &c. not used. 2. To belong to. It lies with you to make
LI¢’TOR, n. [L. Qu. lick, to strike.] An of- 2. To rest in an inclining posture; to lean;
amends,
ficer among the Romans, who bore an ax as, to le on or against a column.
To rest; to press on. To le over, to remain unpaid, after the time
and fasces or rods, as ensigns ofhis office. when payment is due; as a note in bank.
The duty of a lictor was to attend the chief, . To be reposited in the grave.
To lie to, to be stationary, as a ship.
magistrates when they appeared in public, All the kings of the earth, even all of them, LIEF, a. [Sax. leof, loved, D. lief, G. lieb.
to clear the way and cause due respect to lie in glory. Is. xiv.
See Love.] Dear; beloved. Obs.
be paid to them. A dictator was attended To rest on a bed or couch; to be pros- Spenser. Shak.
trate; as, to lie sick.
by twenty four lictors, a consul by twelve, LIEF, adv. [supra. This word coincides
and a master of the horse by six. It was My little daughter lieth at the point of death. with love, L. lubet, libet, and the primary
also the duty of lictors to apprehend and. Mark v. sense is to be free, prompt, ready.]
punish criminals. Encyc. Johnson! 6. To be situated. New Haven lies in the Gladly ; willingly; freely ; used in famil-
LID, n. [Sax. hlid, a cover ; hlidan, to cov-, forty second degree of north latitude. iar speech, in the phrase, I had as liefgo
er; ge-hlid, a roof; D. Dan. lid; L. Ireland lies west of England. as not. It has been supposed that had in
claudo, cludo; Gr. xaew, contracted from| Envy les between beings equal in nature, this phrase is a corruption of would. At
though unequal in circumstances. Collier, any rate it is anomalous.
xaztdoo ;Heb. wxd or wh to cover, Ar. bl To be; to rest; to abide; to remain; LIEGE, a. [It.ligio; Fr. lige; from L. ligo,
often followed by some word denoting a to bind; Gr. avyoa, to bind, to bend ; avyos,
latta. Class Ld. No. 1. 8. 9.] particular condition ; as, to lie waste ; to’ a withe.]
A cover ; that which shuts the opening of a lie fallow ; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie Bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be
vessel or box; as the lid of a chest or pining or grieving; to le under one’s dis- faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vas-
Vol. ID.
 LIF LP “Lie
sal to his lord; subject; faithful; asa not strictly dead, till the functions oftheir 25. A quickening, animating and strength-
liege man. By liege homage, a vassal was organs are incapable of being renewed. ening principle, ina moral sense. John
bound to serve his lord against all, with- 2. In animals, animation; vitality; and in vi.
out excepting his sovereign; or against man, that state of being in which the soul LI'FE-BLOOD, n. The blood necessary to
all, excepting a former lord to whom he and body are united. life ;vital blood. Dryden.
owed like service. Encye. He entreated me not to take his life. 2. That which constitutes or gives strength
2. Sovereign; as a liege lord. [See the Broome. and energy.
Noun. 3. In plants, the state in which they grow Money, the life-blood of the nation. Swift.
LIEGE, n. [supra.] A vassal holding a fee or are capable of growth, by means of the LI’FE-BLOOD, a. Necessary as blood to
by which he is bound to perform certain circulation of the sap. The life of an oak life ; essential. Milton.
services and duties to his lord. may be two, three, or four hundred years. LIFE-ESTA‘TE, n. An estate that contin-
2. A lord or superior; a sovereign. . The present state of existence; the time ues during the life of the possessor.
[Note. This is a false application of the word, from birth to death. The life of man sel- LIFE-EVERL‘ASTING, n. A plant of the
arising probably from transferring the word from dom exceeds seventy years. genus Gnaphalium.
the vassal to the lord; the lord of lege men, If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we LYV’FE-GIVING, a. Having power to give
being called liege lord. Johnson.) are of all men most miserable. 1 Cor. xv. life ; inspiriting ;invigorating.
LIE’/GE-MAN, n. A vassal; asubject. Obs. 5. Manner of living ;conduct; deportment, Spenser. Milton.
Spenser. Shak. in regard to morals. LIYFEGUARD, n. A guard of the life or
LIEN, the obsolete participle of lie. [See I will teach my family to lead good lives. person; a guard that attends the person
Lain.) Mrs. Barker. ofa prince, or other person.
LIEN, nv. [supra.] A legal claim; as a lien . Condition ; course of living, in regard to LI'FELESS, a. Dead ; deprived oflife; as
upon land. happiness and misery. We say, a man’s a lifeless body.
LIENTER‘I€, a. [from lientery.] Pertain- life has been a series of prosperity, or mis- 2. Destitute of life; unanimated ; as lifeless
ing to a lientery. Grew. fortune. matter.
LVENTERY. n. [Fr. lienterie ;L. It. lien- 7. Blood, the supposed vehicle of animation. 3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or spirit :
teria; Gr. Acvoy, smooth, and evzepov, an And the warm life came issuing through the dull; heavy ; inactive.
intestine. } wound. Pope. 4. Void of spirit; vapid; as liquor.
A flux of the bowels, in which the aliments 8. Animals in general; animal being. 5. Torpid.
are discharged undigested, and with little Full nature swarms with life. Thomson. 6. Wanting physical energy.
alteration either in color or substance. 9. System of animal nature. LI’FELESSLY, adv. Without vigor; dully;
Encye. Lives through all life. Pope. frigidly ; heavily.
LIER, n. [from lie.] One who lies down; 10. Spirit; animation; briskness; vivacity; LYVFELESSNESS, nx. Destitution of life,
one who rests or remains; asa lier in resolution. vigor and spirit ;inactivity.
wait orin ambush. Josh. viii. They have no notion of /ife and fire in fancy LIFELIKE, a. Like a living person.
and words. Felton. Pope.
LIEU, n. [Fr. from the root of L. locus,
Eng. ley or lea. See Ley.] 11. The living form ; real person or state; in LIUVFERENT, xn. The rent of an estate that
Place; room; stead. It is used only with opposition to a copy; as, a picture is taken continues for life.
in. Letme have gold in liew of silver. from the life; a description from the life. LIV’FESTRING, n. A nerve or string that is
In lieu of fashionable honor, let justice be 12. Exact resemblance ; with to, before life. imagined to be essential to life.
substituted. His portrait is drawn to the life. LIFETIME, n. The time that life contin-
13. General state of man, or of social man- ues ; duration of life. Addison.
LIEUTENANCY, n. luten’ancy. [See ners; as the studies and arts that polish LIVFEWEARY, a. Tired of life; weary of
Lieutenant.) life.
1. The office or commission of a lieutenant. 14, Condition; rank in society ; as high life living. Shak.
Shak. LIFT, v.t. [Sw. lyfta, Dan. léfter, to lift;
and low life.
2. The body of lieutenants. Felton. 15. Common occurrences; course ofthings ; Goth. hlifan, to steal; Sax. hlifian, to be
high or conspicuous; Goth. Aliftus, a thief.
LIEUTENANT, n. luten’ant. [Fr.; compo- human affairs. - We retain this sense in shoplifter. L. levo,
sed of lieu, place, and tenant, L. tenens, But to know elevo, It. levare, to lift; Sp. levar, to carry or
holding.] That which before us lies in daily life, ae il ; Fr. lever; perhaps L. levis,
. An officer who supplies the place of a Is the prime wisdom. Milton. light.
superiorin his absence. Officers of this 16. A person; a living being; usually or if To raise ; to elevate; as, to lift the foot
kind are civil, as the lord-lieutenant of a always, a human being. How many lives or the hand ; to lift the head.
kingdom or county ; or military, as a lieu- were sacrificed during the revolution ! 2. To raise ; to elevate mentally.
tenant general, a heutenant colonel. 17. Narrative of a past life; history of the To thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. Ps.
wo. In military affairs, the second commiss- events of life; biographical narration. XXV.
ioned officer in a company of infantry Johnson wrote the life of Milton, and the 3. To raise in fortune.
cavalry or artillery. lives of other poets. The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from
3. In ships of war, the officer next in rank to 18. In Scripture, nourishment; support o misery. Ecclus.
the captain. life. . To raise in estimation, dignity or rank.
LIEUTENANTSHIP. [See Lieutenancy.] For the tree of the field is man’s life. Deut. His fortune has lifted him into notice, or
Xx. into office.
LIEVE, for lief, is vulgar. [See Lief] 19. The stomach or appetite. The Roman virtues lift up mortal man.
LIE’VRITE, n. A mineral, called also yen- His life abhorreth bread. Job xxxiii. Addison.
ite, which see. 20. The enjoyments or blessings of the pres- 5. To elate;to cause to swell, as with pride.
LIFE, n. plu. lives. [Sax. lif, lyf; Sw. lif; ent life. Up is often used after lift, as a qualify-
Dan. liv; G. leben; D. leeven. See Live.| Having the promise of the life that now is, ing word ; sometimes with effect or em-
1. Ina general sense, that state of animals and of that which is to come. 1 Tim. iv. phasis; very often, however, it is useless.
and plants, or of an organized being, in 21. Supreme felicity. 6. To bear; to support. Spenser.
which its natural functions and motions To be spiritually minded is life and peace. fae To steal, that is, to take and carry away.
are performed, or in which its organs are Rom. viii. Hence we retain the use of shoplifter, al-
capable of performing their functions. A 22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Rom. v. though the verb in this sense is obsolete.
tree is not destitute of life in winter, when 23. Restoration to life. Rom. v. 8. In Scripture, to crucify.
the functions of its organs are suspended; 24. The author and giver of supreme feli- When ye have lifted up the Son of man.
nor man during a swoon or syncope; nor city. John viii.
strictly birds, quadrupeds or serpents dur- {am the way, the truth, and the life. John lay lift up the eyes, to look; to fix the eyes
ing their torpitude in winter. They are xiv. on, :
 LIG LIG L iG
Lot lifted up his eyes and beheld Jordan.|3. Bond; chain; that which binds or re-|5. Any thing that gives light; asa lamp,
Gen. xiii. strains. Addison. candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.
9. To direct the desires to God in prayer. LIGAMENT’AL, P Composing a liga- Then he called for a hight, and sprang in—
Ps. exxi. R . LIGAMENT’OUS, § ~ ment;
of the nature Acts xvi.
To lift up the head, to raise from a low con- ofa ligament; binding; as a strong liga- Ihave set thee to bea light to the Gentiles.
dition; to exalt. Gen. xl. mentous membrane. Wiseman. Acts xiii.
2. To rejoice. Luke xxi. And God made two great lights. Gen. i.
To lift up the hand,to swear, or to confirm
LIGA/TION, n. [L. ligatio.] The act of
binding, or state of being bound. 6. The illuminated part of a picture; the
by oath. Gen. xiv. 2 Addison. part which lies open to the luminary by
2. To raise the hands in prayer. Ps. xxviii. which the piece is supposed to be enlight-
LIG/ATURE, x. [Fr. from L. ligatura.]
3. To rise in opposition to; to rebel; to as- ened, and is painted in vivid colors ; oppo-
1. Any thing that binds; aband or bandage.
sault. 2 Sam. xviii. Ray. sed to shade.
4. To injure or oppress. Job xxxi.
5. To shake off sloth and engage in duty.
2. The act of binding ; as, by a strict ligature 7. Mlumination of mind ; instruction ; knowl-
of the parts. Arbuthnot. edge.
Heb. xii. I opened Ariosto in Italian, and the very first
To lift up the face, to look to with confi-
3. Impotence induced by magic. two lines gave me light to all I could desire.
dence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job
Coxe. Encye. Dryden.
4. In music, a band or line connecting notes. Light, understanding and wisdom—was found
XXii.
To lift up the heel against, to treat with in- 5. Among printers, a double character, or a in him. Dan. v.
solence and contempt. type consisting of two letters or characters 8. Means of knowing. By using such lights
To lift up the horn, to behave arrogantly or united; as fl, fi, in English. The old as we have, we may arrive at probability,
scornfully. Ps. Ixxv. editions of Greek authors abound with if not at certainty.
To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one’s ligatures. 9. Open view; a visible state ; a state of be-
relief. Ps. Ixxiv. 6. The state of being bound. Mortimer. ing seen by the eye, or perceived, under-
To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out, 7. In medicine, stiffness of a joint. Coxe. stood or knewn. Further researches will
either in grief or joy. Gen.xxi. Is. xxiy. 8. In surgery, a cord or string for tying the doubtless bring to light many isles yet un-
LIFT, v.i. To try to raise; to exert the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to discovered ; further experiments will bring
strength for the purpose of raising or bear- prevent hemorrhage. to light properties of matter yet unknown.
ing. LIGHT, n. lite. (Sax. leoht, liht ;D.G.licht ; 10. Public view or notice.
“The body strained by lifting at a weight too L. lux, light, and luceo, to shine; Port. Sp. Why am [I ask’d what next shall see the light ?
heavy— Locke. luz, light; W. llug, tending to break out or Pope.
2. To practice theft. Obs. Spenser. open, or to shoot, to gleam, and as a noun, 11. Explanation ; illustration; means of un-
LIFT, n. The act of raising; a lifting; as a breaking out in blotches, a gleam, indis- derstanding. One part of Scripture throws
the lift of the feet in walking or running. tinct light ; dog, that is apt to break out, light on another.
Bacon. that is bright, a tumor, an eruption; dlygu, 12. Point of view; situation to be seen or
The goat gives the foxa lift. L’ Estrange. to make bright, to clear, to break out, to viewed; a use of the word taken from paint-
2. An effort to raise; as, give us a lift. appear in spots; lluc, a darting, sudden ing. It is useful to exhibit a subject in a
[Popular use.] throw, glance, flash ; llweiaw, to throw, to variety of lights. Let every thought be
3. That which is to be raised. fling, to pelt; llweed, a gleam, lightning. presented in a strong light. In whatever
4. A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise ; This word furnishes a full and distinct ex- light we view this event, it must be consid-
or the thing which the strength is not suf- planation of the original sense of light, to ered an evil.
ficient to raise. throw, dart, shoot, or break forth; and it 13. A window; a place that admits light to
5. Any thing to be done which exceeds the accords with Eng. luck, both in elements enter. 1 Kings vii.
strength ; or a state ofinability ; as, to help and radical sense. Class Lg. No. 6. 7. 23. 14. A pane of glass; as a window with
one at a dead lift. Butler. Swift. 24.) twelve lights.
6. A rise; a degree of elevation; as the lift . That ethereal agent or matter which 15. In Scripture, God, the source of knowl-
ofa lock in canals. Gallatin. makes objects perceptible to the sense of} edge.
7. In Scottish, the sky; the atmosphere ; seeing, but the particles of which are sepa- God is light. 1 John i.
the firmament. [Sax. lyft, air, Sw. luft.] rately invisible. It is now generally be- 16. Christ.
8. In seamen’s language, a rope descending lieved that light is a fluid, or real matter, That was the true light, that lighteth every
from the cap and mast-head to the ex- existing independent of other substances, man that cometh into the world. John i.
tremity of a yard. Its use is to support with properties peculiar to itself. Its ve- 17. Joy; comfort; felicity.
the yard, keep it in equilibrio, and raise locity is astonishing, as it passes through Light is sown for the righteous. Ps. xevii.
the end, when dccasion requires. a space of nearly twelve millions of miles 18. Saving knowledge.
Mar. Dict. ina minute. Light, when decomposed, is _It is because there is no light in them. Is.
vill.
LIFT’ED, pp. Raised; elevated ; swelled found to consist of rays differently color- 19. Prosperity ;happiness.
with pride. ed; asred, orange, yellow, green, blue,
LIFT’ER, n. One that lifts or raises.
Then shall thy ight break forth as the morn-
indigo, and violet. The sun is the princi- ing. Is. lviii.
LIFTING, ppr. Raising; swelling with pal source of light in the solar system; 20. Support; comfort; deliverance. Mic.
pride. but light is also emitted from bodies igni- Vii.
LIFTING, n. The act of lifting; assist- ted, or in combustion, and is reflected 21. The gospel. Matt. iv.
ance. from enlightened bodies, as the moon. 22. The understanding or judgment. Matt.
LIG, v.i. Tolie. [See Lie.]
Obs. Light is also emitted from certain putre- Vi.
Chaucer. fying substances. It is usually united with 23. The gifts and graces of christians.
LIG/AMENT, n. [L. ligamentum, from ligo, heat, but it exists also independent of it. Matt. v.
to bind, that is, to strain.] Hooper. Nicholson. Encyc. 24. A moral instructor, as John the Bap-
1, Any thing that ties or unites one thing or 2: That flood of luminous rays which flows tist. John v.
"part to another. from the sun, and constitutes day. Spears christian, a person enlightened.
Interwoven is the love of liberty with every God called the light day, and the darkness he ph. v.
ligament of your hearts. Washington. called night. Gen. i. 26. A good king, the guide of his people.
2. In anatomy, a strong, compact substance, 3. Day ; the dawn of day. Sam. xxi.
serving to bind one boneto another. Itis
The murderer rising with the light, killeth zie light of the countenance, favor; smiles.
a white, solid, inelastic, tendinous sub-
the poorand needy. Job. xxiv. S. iv.
stance, softer than cartilage, but harder 4. Lif
ife. To stand in one’s own light, to be the means
than membrane. O, spring to light, auspicious babe, be born ! of preventing good, or frustrating one’s
Encye. Quincy. Coxe. Pope. own purposes.
 LIG LIG LIG
To come to light, to be detected; to be dis- LIGHT, v.¢. lite. To kindle; to inflame;||3. To cheer; to exhilarate.
covered or found. to set fire to; as, to light a candle or lamp; He lightens my humor with his merry jest.
LIGHT, a. lite. Bright; clear; not dark or sometimes with up ; as, to light up an in- Shak.
obscure; as, the morning is light; the extinguishable flame. We often hear Lit LIGHTER, n. liter. One that lights; as a
apartment is light. used for lighted, as, he lit a candle; but lighter of lamps.
2. In colors, white or whitish; as a light! this is inelegant. 2. A large open flat-bottomed boat, used in
color; alight brown; a light complexion. 2. To give light to. loading and unloading ships.
LIGHT, a. lite. [Sax. liht, leoht ; D. ligt ; G. Ah hopeless, lasting flames! like those that LIGHTERMAN, n. li/terman. A man who
leicht ;Fr. leger;It. leggiero;Port. ligeiro ; um manages a lighter ; a boatman.
Sp. ligero; Russ. legker; Sans. leka. The To light the dead— Pope. LIGHTFINGERED, a. li/tefingered- Dex-
Sw. latt, Dan. let, may be contractions of}3. To illuminate ; to fill or spread over with trous in taking and conveying away ;
the same word. The Slavonic also has light; as, to ght a room; to light the thievish ;addicted to petty thefts.
lehek and legok. Qu. L. alacer. This word streets of a city. LIGHTFOOT, :a, Wtefoot, Nimble
accords with light, the fluid, in orthogra- 4. To lighten; to ease of a burden. [Not LIGHTFOOTED, F litefooted. in run-
phy, and may be from the same mae | in use. See Lighten.| Spenser. ning or dancing ; active. [Little used.]
—_. Having little weight ; not tending to the LIGHT, v. 7. lite. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, Spenser.
center of gravity with force; not heavy. gelihtan, to light-or kindle, to lighten or al- LI’GHTHEADED, a. [See Head.] Thought-
A fether is light, compared with lead or leviate, and to alight; hlihtan, to alight; less ;heedless ;weak; volatile; unsteady.
silver ; but a thing is ight only compara- D. lichten, to shine; ligten, to heave or Clarendon.
tively. That which is light to a man, may lift ;G. lichten, to weigh, to lighten.] 2. Disordered in the head; dizzy; delirious.
be heavy to a child. A light burden for a 1. To fall on; to come to by chance; to LY’ GHTHEADEDNESS, n. Disorder ofthe
camel, may be insupportable to a horse. happen to find ; with on. head; dizziness; deliriousness.
29 Not burdensome ; easy to be lifted, borne A weaker man may sometimes light on no- LI’GHTHE‘ARTED, a. Free from grief or
or carried by physical strength ; as a light tions which had escaped a wiser. Watts. anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry.
burden, weight or load. 2. 'To fall on ; to strike.
LYGHT-HORSE, n. Light armed cavalry.
Not oppressive ; easy to be suffered or en- LUGHT-HOUSE, n. A pharos; a tower or
dured ; asa light affliction. 2 Cor. iv. They shall hunger no more, neither thirst building erected on a rock or point of
any more; neither shall the sun light on them,
. Easy to be performed; not difficult; not; nor any heat. Rev. vii.
land, or on an isle in the sea, with a light
requiring great strength or exertion. The or number of lamps on the top, intended
task is ght ; the work is light. 3. To descend, as from a horse or carriage ; to as seamen in navigating ships at
on Easy to be digested; not oppressive to with down, off, or from. night.
the stomach; as light food. It may sig- He lighted down from his chariot. 2 Kings v. LYUGHTLEGGED, a. Nimble; swift of
nify also, containing little nutriment. She lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv. foot. Sidney.
ra Not heavily armed, or armed with light 4. To settle; to rest; to stoop from flight. LESS a. li‘teless. Destitute of light ;
weapons; as light troops; a troop of light, The bee lights on this flower and that. ark.
horse. LIGHT-ARMED, a. Armed with light LIGHTLY, adv. li/tely. With \little weight ;
7. Active; swift; nimble. weapons. as, to tread lightly ; to press lightly.
2 LI'GHT-BEARER, xn. A torch-bearer. 2. Without deep impression.
Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
Sam. ii. B. Jonson. The soft ideas of the cheerful note,
8. Not encumbered ; unembarrassed; clear LI/GHT-BRAIN, n. An empty headed per-||, Lightly received, were easily forgot. Prior.
of impediments. son. Martin. 3. Easily; readily; without difficulty; of
Unmarried men are best masters, but not best/ LIGHTED, pp. li/ted. Kindled ; set on fire ; course.
subjects; for they are ight to run away. caused to burn. [Lit, for lighted, is inele- 4. Without reason, or for reasons of little
Bacon.| ant. weight.
9. Not laden; not deeply laden; not sufii-' LIGHTEN, »v. 2. li'tn. [from light, the fluid; Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly
ciently ballasted. The ship returned light. Sax. lihtan.] or lightly appear before great personages.
10. Slight; trifling; not important; as a) 1. To flash; to burst forth or dart, as light- Taylor.
light error. Boyle. ning; to shine with an instantaneous illu-
5. Without dejection; cheerfully.
11. Not dense; not gross; as light vapors; Bid that welcome
mination. Which comes to punish us, and we punish it,
light fumes. den. This dreadful night
12. Small; inconsiderable; not copious or, Seeming to bear it lightly. Shak.
That thunders, /ightens, opens graves, and roars|
vehement; as alight rain; a light snow. As doth the lion. Shak. G. Not chastely ;wantonly. Swift.
13. Not strong; not violent; moderate ; as 2. To shine like lightning. Shak. 7. Nimbly; with agility; not heavily or
a light wind. 3. To fall; to light. Obs. tardily.
He led me lightly o’er the stream.
14, Easy to admit influence ; inconsiderate; LIGHTEN, v. t. li'tn. To dissipate dark-
easily influenced by trifling considerations; ness; to fill with light; to spread over 8. orGayly;
care.
airily; with levity; without heed
unsteady ; unsettled; volatile; as a light, with light; to illuminate; to enlighten;
vain person; a light mind. as, to hghten an apartment with lamps or LIGHTMINDED, a. Unsettled; unsteady;
There is no greater argument of a light and volatile ; not considerate.
gas: to lighten the streets. He that is hasty to give credit, is ightmind-
inconsiderate person, than profanely to scoff at A key of fire ran all along the shore,
religion. Tillotson. ed. Ecclus.
And lightened all the river with a blaze. LIGHTNESS, w. li/teness. Want of weight;
15. Gay; airy; indulging levity; wanting Dryden.
dignity or solidity; trifling. levity; the contrary to heaviness; as the
2. To illuminate with knowledge; in a lightness of air, compared with water.
Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too} moral sense.
light. Shak. 2. Inconstancy ; unsteadiness; the quality of
A light to lighten the Gentiles. Luke ii. mind which disposes it to be influenced by
We may neither be light in prayer, nor wrath-|
ful in debate. J. M. Mason. 3. To free from trouble and fill with joy. trifling considerations.
16. Wanton; unchaste; as a woman oflight, They looked to him and were lightened. Ps. —Such is the lightness of you common men.
carriage. XXXIV. Shak.
A light wife doth make a heavy husband. LIGHTEN, v. t. li/tn. [fromlight, not heavy ; 3. Levity; wantonness; lewdness; unchas-
Shak. Sax. liktan.] tity. Shak. Sidney.
17. Not of legal weight; clipped; diminish- 1. To make lighter; to reduce in weight; 4. Agility; nimbleness.
ed; as hght coin. to make less heavy; as, to lighten a ship LIGHTNING, n. li‘tening. [that is, ighten-
To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to by unloading ; tolighten a load or burden. ing, the participle present of lighten.]
treat as of no importance ; to despise. 2. To alleviate; to make less burdensome 1. A sudden discharge of electricity from a
To make light of, to treat as of little conse- or afflictive; as, to lighten the cares o cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a
quence; to slight; to disregard. life ;to Lighten the burden of grief. cloud, or from one cloud to another, that
 LIG LIK LIK
is, from a body positively charged to one||LIG’/URITE, n. [from Liguria.] A mineral LIKE, v. t. [Sax. licewn, lician ; Goth. leik-
negatively charged, producing a vivid flash occurring in oblique rhombic prisms, of an an; probably L. placeo and delecto, with
of fight, and usually a loud report, called apple green color, occasionally speckled. prefixes. |
thunder. Sometimes lightning is a mere Phillips. - To be pleased with in a moderate degree ;
instantaneous flash of light without thun- LIKE, a. (Sax. lic, gelic, Goth. leiks, D. to approve. It expresses less than love and
der, as heat-lightning, lightning seen by lyk, gelyk, G. gleich, Sw. lik, Dan. lig, delight. We like a plan or design, when
reflection, the flash being beyond the lim- hge, like, plain, even, equal, smooth. The We approve of it as correct or beneficial.
its of our horizon. i sense of like, similar, is even, smooth, We hike the character or conduct of aman
2. [from lighten, to diminish weight.] Abate- equal, but this sense may be from laying, when it comports with our view of recti-
ment; alleviation; mitigation. Spectator. pressing, and hence this word may be al- tude. We lke food that the taste relishes.
LIGHTROOM, n. Ina ship of war, a small We hike whatever gives us pleasure.
apartment, having double glass windows lied to the Eth. NANO lakeo, to stamp,
seal, impress, whence its derivative, an im- He proceeded from looking to liking, and
towards the magazine, and containing from liking to loving. Sidney.
lights by which the gunner fills cartridges. age ; or the sense be taken from rubbing
or shaving. We observe that like has To please ; to be agreeable to.
Mar. Dict. This desire being recommended to her maj-
LIGHTS, n. lites. plu. [so called from their also the sense of please; to like is to esty, it liked her to include the same within
lightness. ] f be pleased. Now, if p in L. placeo, is a one entire lease. Obs. Bacon.
The lungs; the organs of breathing in ani- pretix, the latter may be formed on the 3. To liken. Obs. Shak.
mals, ‘These organs in man we call lungs; root of like. And if de is a prefix, in de- LIKE, v.i. To be pleased; to choose.
in other animals, lights. light, delecto, delicious, delicate, these may He may go or stay, as he likes. Locke.
LIGHTSOME, a. li/tesome. Luminous; not be of the same family. Like is evidently 2. To like of; to be pleased. Obs. Knolles.
dark; not obscure. from the same root as the Ch. and Heb. LVKELIHQOD, n. [likely and hood.] Prob-
White walls make rooms more lightsome than ability ; verisimilitude ;appearance of truth
black. [Little used.] Bacon. pon, Ar. x= chalaka, to be or make or reality. There is little likelihood that
The lightsome realms of love. Dryden. smooth. Qu. Gr. rtxos, nruxta. See Lick an habitual drunkard will become tem-
[Un the latter passage, the word is elegant.] and Laickerish.] perate. There is little likelihood that an
2. Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating. —_- Equal in quantity, quality or degree; as old offender will be reformed. Prudence
That lightsome affection of joy. Hooker. a territory of like extent with another ; directs us not to undertake a design, when
LIYGHTSOMENESS, x. Luminousness; men of like excellence. there is little or no likelihood of success.
the quality of being light; opposed to More clergymen were impoverished by the 2. Appearance; show; resemblance. Obs.
darkness or darksomeness. Cheyne. late war, than ever in the like space before. Shak.
2. Cheerfulness; merriment; levity. Sprat. LVKELINESS, n. [from likely.] Proba-
[This word is little used.] Similar ;resembling ;having resemblance. bility.
LIGN-AL/OES, n._ [L. lignum, wood, and Elias was a man subject to like passions as 2: The qualities that please. [See Likely.]
aloes.] Aloes-wood. Num. xxiv. we are. James vy. LIKELY, a. [that is, like-like.] Proba-
LIG/NEOUS, a. [L. ligneus.] Wooden; Why might not other planets have been cre- ble; that may be rationally thought or be-
made of wood; consisting of wood; re- ated for like uses with the earth, each for its lieved to have taken place in time past, or
sembling wood. The harder part of a own inhabitants ? Bentley. to be true now or hereafter; such as is
plant is ligneous. Like is usually followed by to or unto, more reasonable than the contrary. A
LIGNIFI€A/TION, n. The process of be- but itis often omitted. likely story, is one which evidence, or the
coming or of converting into wood, or the What city is like unto this great city? Rev. circumstances of the case render proba-
hard substance of a vegetable. Good. XV. ble, and therefore credible.
LIG/NIFORM, a. [L. lignum, wood, and I saw three unclean spirits like frogs. Rev. » Such as may be liked ; pleasing; as a
form.| Like wood; resembling wood. XVI. likely man or woman.
Kirwan. Among them all was found none like Daniel, [This use of likely is not obsolete, as
LIG'NIFY, v. t. [L.lignum, wood, and facio, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Dan. i. Johnson affirms, nor is it vulgar. But the
to make.] To convert into wood. 3. Probable ; likely, that is, having the re- English and their descendants in America
LIG/NIFY, v.7. To become wood. semblance or appearance of an event; differinthe application. The English ap-
LIGNITE, n. [L. ignum.] Fossil or bitu- giving reason to expect or believe. ply the word to external appearance, and
minous wood, a mineral combustible sub- He is like to die of hunger in the place where with them, likely is equivalent to handsome,
stance. Dict. Nat. Hist. he is, for there is no more bread. Jer. xxxviii. well formed ; as a likely man, a likely horse.
LIG/NOUS, a. Ligneous. [Litile used.] Many were not easy to be governed, nor like In America, the word is usually applied to
Evelyn. to conform themselves to strict rules. the endowments of the mind, or to pleas-
LIGNUM-VITA, n. [L.] Guaiacum or Clarendon. ing accomplishments. With us, a likely
pockwood,a genus of plants, natives o LIKE, n. [elliptically, for like thing, like man, is a man of good character and tai-
warm climates. The common Lignum- event, like person.| ents, or of good dispositions or accom-
vite is a native of the warm latitudes o 1, Some person or thing resembling anoth- plishments, that render him pleasing or
America. It becomes a large tree, hav- er; anequal. The like may never happen respectable,
ing a hard, brownish, brittle bark, and its again. LIUKELY, adv. Probably.
wood firm, solid, ponderous, very resin- He was a man, take hitn for all and all, While man was innocent, he was likely igno-
ous, ofa blackish yellow colorin the mid- I shall not look upon his like again. Shak. rant of nothing important for him to know.
dle, and of a hot aromatic taste. 2. Had like, in the phrase, “he had like to
It is o Glanville.
considerable use in medicine and the hy be defeated,” seems to be a corruption ; LIKE-MINDED, a. Having a like dispo-
chanical arts, being wrought into utensils, but perhaps like here is used for resem- sition or purpose. Rom. xv.
wheels, cogs, and various articles o blance or probability, and has the charac- LIKEN, v. ¢. h’/kn. (Sw. likna ;Dan. ligner.}
turnery. Encye. ter ofa noun. Atany rate, asa phrase, it To compare ; to represent as resembling
LIG'ULATE, a, (L. Ugula, a strap.] is authorized by good usage. or similar.
LIG’/ULATED, §¢“ Like a bandage or LIKE, adv. In the same manner. Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine,
strap; as a ligulate flower, a species of] —Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise
compound flower, the florets of which like one of these. Matt. vi. Luke xii. man, that built his house on a rock. Matt. vi.
have their corollets flat, spreading out Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LIKENED, pp. Compared.
Lord pitieth them that fearhim. Ps. ciii. LIKENESS, n. Resemblance in form; si-
towards the end, with the base only tubu- 2. In a manner becoming.
lar. This is the semi-floscular flower of militude. The picture is a good likeness
of the original.
Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. 1
Tournefort. Botany. Sam. iv.
LIG/URE,n. A kind of precious stone. Ex.|'3. Likely ;probably ; as like enough it will. 2. Resemblance ; form; external appear-
XXVili. ance. Guard against an enemy in the
Shak. likeness of a friend.
 LIM LIM LIM
8. One that resembles another; a copy; aij plied to the sun, moon, or a star, to a leaf, 3. To manure with lime.
counterpart. toa quadrant, &c. We say, the sun or Land may be improved by draining, marlin
I took you for your likeness, Chloe. Prior. moon is eclipsed on its northern limb. But and liming. Child.
4, An image, picture or statue, resembling a we never say, the limb of a board, of a tract 4. To cement. Shak.
person or thing. Ex. xx. j I of land or water, &c. LI’ME-BURNER,7. One who burns stones
LUKENING, ppr. Comparing; representing 2. In anatomy, and in common use, an extrem- to lime.
as similar. ity of the human body ; a member; a pro- LI/MED, pp. Smeared with lime; entang-
LIKEWISE, adv. [like and wise.] In like jecting part; asthe arm or leg; thatis, a led ; manured with lime.
manner ; also; moreover; too. shoot. LY MEHOUND, n. A dog used in bunting
For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the 3. The branch of a tree; applied only to a the wild boar ; a limer. Spenser.
fool and the brutish person perish, and leave branch of some size, and not to a small LIMEKILN, n. li/‘mekil.. A kiln or furnace
their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. twig. in which stones or shells are exposed to a
LIKING, ppr. of like. Approving ; being 4. In ‘botany. the border or upper spreading strong heat and reduced to lime.
pleased with. part of amonopetalous corol. Martyn. LIMESTONE, n. Stone of which lime is
2. a. Plump; full; of a good appearance. LIMB, v. t. lim. To supply with limbs. made by the expulsion of its carbonic
Dan.i. Obs. Milton.' acid, or fixed air. It is called carbonate of
LI/KING, n. A good state of body; health- 2. To dismember ; to tear off the limbs. lime. Of this there are several species.
ful appearance ; plumpness. LIM’BAT, n. A cooling periodical wind in LI’ METWIG, n. A twig smeared with lime.
Their young ones are in good liking— Job the isle of Cyprus, blowing from the north Milton.
Uxxxix. west from eight o’clock, A. M. to the mid- LI’ METWIGGED, a. Smeared with lime.
2. State oftrial. [.Vot used.] Dryden. dle of the day or later. Encye. Addison.
3. Inclination; pleasure ; as, this is an amuse- LIM’BE€, n. [contracted from alembie.]) LY MEWATER, n. Water impregnated
ment to your liking. Spenser. A still; @ word not now used. with lime.
4, Delight in; pleasure in; with lo. LIM’BE€, v.¢t. To strain or pass through a LI’/MING, ppr. Daubing with viscous mat-
He who has no liking to the whole, ought not still. Obs. Sandys. ter; entangling ;manuring with lime.
to censure the parts. Dryden. LIMB’ED, a. In composition, formed with LIMIT, n. [L. limes; Fr. limites. See
LILA, n. [Fr. lilas; Sp. lilac.) A plant or regard to limbs; as well-limbed; large- Limb.|
shrub of the genus Syringa, a native of) limbed ; short-limbed. ‘ope ||1- Bound; border; utmost extent; the part
Persia. The common lilac is cultivated LIM’BER, a. [perhaps from the W. Ilb, that terminates a thing; as the limit of a
for its flowers, which are purple or white. llibin; for m and b are convertible, and m town, city or empire; the limits of human
LIL/ALITE, x. A species of earth of the before 6, is often casual.] knowledge.
argillaceous kind; called also lepidolite, Easily bent; flexible ; pliant; yielding. In 2. The thing which bounds; restraint.
which see. Kirwan. America, it is applied to material things ;} 3. Lnmits, plu., the extent of the liberties of
LILIA/CEOUS, a. [L. lidiaceus, from lilium,| as a limber rod; alimber joint. a prison.
a lily.] LIMIT, v. t. To bound; to set bounds to.
LIM’BER, x. In a ship, a square hole cut!
Pertaining to lilies; lily-like. A liliaceous through the floor timbers, as a passage for 2. To confine within certain bounds; to cir-
corol is one that has six regular petals. water to the pump-well. Mar. Dict. cumscribe ; to restrain. The government
Martyn. LIM’BERNESS, n. The quality of being of England is a limited monarchy.
LILIED, a. Embellished with lilies. They tempted God and limited the Holy One
easily bent; flexibleness; pliancy. of Israel. Ps. Ixxviii.
By sandy Ladon’s lilied banks. Milton. LIM’BERS, n. A two-wheeled carriage, 3. To restrain from a lax or general signifi-
LILL, v.t. [See Zoll. But lll is used in having boxes for ammunition. cation. World sometimes signifies the uni-
New England.] Spenser. 2. Thills; shafts of a carriage. [Local.] verse, and sometimes its signification is
LILT, v. i. To do any thing with dexterity LIM’BILITE, n. A mineral from Limbourg, limited to this earth.
or quickness. [Local.] Pegge. in Swabia, of a honey yellow color, and LIMITABLE, a. That may be limited,
2. Tosing or play on the bagpipe. compact texture. Saussure. circumscribed, bounded or restrained.
LILY, n. [L. litium ; Gr. aetpeov ;Sp. lirio.] ||LIMB/LESS, a. Destitute of limbs. Hume.
A genus of plants of many species, which Massinger. LIM/ITANEOUS, a. Pertaining to bounds.
are all bulbous-rooted, herbaceous peren- LIMB’-MEAL, a. Piece-meal. Shak. Dict.
nials, producing bell-shaped, hexapetalous LIM’BO, ; {L. limbus.] A region border- LIMITA/RIAN, a. That limits or cireum-
flowers of great beauty and variety of col- LIM’BUS, n scribes.
“ing on hell, or hell itself.
ors. Encye. Shak. i}LIMITA/RIAN, n. One that limits; one
L ily of the valley, a plant of the genus Con- \| Among catholics, a place where the who holds the doctrine that a part of
vallaria, with a monopetalous, bell-shaped souls of persons are lodged after death. the human race only are to be saved; op-
corol, divided at the top into six segments. 2. A place ofrestraint. Dryden. posed to universalist. Huntington.
Miller. LIME, n. [Sax. lim, lime, whence geliman, LIMITARY, a. Placed at the limit, as a
LILY-DAF’FODIL, n. A plant and flower. to glue; Sw. Dan. lim, D. lym, G. leim and guard.
LIL/Y-HANDED, a. Having white deli- lehem, loam; L. limus; It. Sp. limo; prob- —Proud limitary cherub. Milton.
cate hands. Spenser. ably Gr. ajun, yanum, and allied to clammy. LIMITA’TION, n. [L. limitatio.] The act
LIL/Y-HYACINTH, n. A plant. Miller. On this word is formed slime.]} of bounding or circumscribing.
LILY-LIV/ERED, a. White-livered ; cow- 1. A viscous substance, sometimes laid on 2. Restriction ; restraint ; circumscription.
ardly. [Wot used.] Shak. twigs for catching birds. Dryden. The king consented to a limitation of his
LIMA’TION, n. [L. lino, to file.] The act 2. Calearious earth, oxyd of calcium, pro- prerogatives. Government by the limita-
of filing or polishing. cured from chalk and certain stones and tion of natural rights secures civil liberty.
LUMATURE, n. [L. limo, to file.] A filing. shells, by expelling from them the carbon- \ 3. Restriction ; confinement from a lax inde-
2. Filings; particles rubbed off by filing. ic acid, by means of astrong heat in a fur- terminate import. Words of general im-
Johnson. nace. The best lime for mortar or ce- port are often to be understood with Limit-
LIMB, n. lim. [Sax. lim; Dan. Sw. lem ;| ment is obtained from limestone, or car- ations.
LL. limbus, edge or border, extremity; bonate of lime, of which marble is a fine 4. A certain precinct within which friars
limes, limit, coinciding perhaps with W. species. Hooper. Nicholson. were allowed to beg or exercise their
lem, llym, sharp, or llamu, to leap. The 3. The linden tree. functions. Gilping.
sense of limb is from shooting or extend- 4. [Fr. lime. See Lemon.] A species of] LIMITED, pp. Bounded ; circumscribed;
ing.] acid fruit, smaller than the lemon. restrained. ;
. Edge or border. This is the proper sig- LIME, v. t. [Sax. geliman.] To smear with 2. a. Narrow; circumscribed. Our views
nification of the word; but in this sense it a viscous substance. LD?Estrange. of nature are very limited.
is limited chiefly to technical use, and ap-|| 2. Toentangle ; to ensnare. Shak. LIM’ITEDLY, adv. With limitation.
 LIN LIN LIN
LIM/ITEDNESS, x. State of being limit- 2. A slender string; a small cord or rope. cle which the sun seems to describe, in
ed. Parker. The angler uses a line and hook. The March and September, when the days and
LIMITER, xn. He or that which limits or’ seaman uses a hand line, a hauling line, nights are of equal length.
confines. j ; spilling lines, &c. Meridian line, an imaginary circle drawn
2. A friar licenced to beg within certain 3. A thread, string or cord extended to di- through the two poles of the earth, and
bounds, or whose duty was limited to a rect any operation. any part of its surface.
certain district. . We as by line upon the ocean go. Dryden. Al ship of the line, a ship of war large enough
LIMITLESS, a. Having no limits; un- 4, Lineament; a mark in the hand or face. to have a place in the line of battle. All
bounded. Davies. He tipples palmistry, and dines ships carrying seventy four or more large
On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland. guns, are ships of the line. Smaller ships
LIM'MER, n. Alimehound ; a mongrel.
Johnson. 5. Delineation ; sketch; as the lines of a may sometimes be so called.
building. Temple. |LINE, v. é. [supposed to be from L. linum,
2. A dog engendered between a hound and 6. Contour ; outline; exterior limit of a
a mastiff. Bailey. flax, whence linen, which is often used for
3. A thill or shaft. [Local. See Limber.] figure. linings.|
Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. I. To cover on the inside; as a garment
4. Athill-horse. [Local.] Pope.
LIMN, v. t. lim. [Fr. enluminer ; L. lumino.] 7. In writing, printing and engraving, the lined with linen, fur or silk; a box lined
To draw or paint; or to paint in water with paper or tin.
words and letters which stand on a level 2. To put in the inside.
colors. Encye. in one row, between one margin and an-
LIM’/NED, pp. lim’med. Painted. | other; asa page of thirty lines. —What if I do line one of their hands ?
LIM'NER, n. [Fr. enlumineur ; L, wlumina- 8. In poetry, a verse, or the words which Shak.
tor, in the middle ages, alluminor. | form a certain number of feet, according \3. To place along by the side of any thing
1. One that colors or paints on paper or'|| to the measure. for guarding ; as, to line a hedge with ri-
parchment ; one who decorates books with 9. A short letter; a note. I received a line flemen; to line works with soldiers.
initial pictures. Encye. | from my friend by the last mail. 4. To strengthen by additional works or
2. A portrait painter. men.
‘10. A rank or row of soldiers, or the dispo- Line and new repair your towns of war
LIMN'ING, ppr. Drawing; painting; paint- sition of an army drawn up with an ex-
ing in water colors. With men of courage. Shak.
tended front; or the like disposition of a
LIM’NING, n. The act or art of drawing fleet prepared for engagement. 5. To cover; to add a covering; as, to line
or painting in water colors. Addison. 11. A trench or rampart; an extended work a crutch. Shak.
LI/MOUS, a. [L. limosus, from limus, slime. ] in fortification. 6. To strengthen with any thing added.
Muddy; slimy; thick. Brown. Unite thy forces and attack their lines. Who lined himself with hope. Shak.
LIMP, v. i. [Sax. lemp-healt, lame; gelimp- Dryden. 7. To impregnate; applied to irrational ani-
an, to happen, that is, to fall; allied per- 12. Method; disposition ; as line of order. mals. _ Creech.
haps to lame.] To halt ; to walk lamely. | Shak. |LIN'EAGE, n. [Fr. lignage, from ligne,
Bacon. 13. Extension ; limit; border. line.]
LIMP, xn. A halt; act of limping. Eden stretched her line |Race; progeny ; descendants in a line from
LIMP, a. Vapid; weak. [.Vot used.] From Auran eastward to the royal towers a common progenitor.
Walton. Of great Seleucia. Milton. LIN/EAL, a. [L. linealis, from linea, line.]
LIMP’ER, n. One that limps. 14. Equator; equinoctial circle. 1. Composed of lines; delineated ; as lineal
LIM’PET, x. [L.lepas ; Gr. renas, from rere, When the sun below the line descends— designs. Wotton.
Creech. 2. In a direct line from an ancestor; as lin-
to peel or strip off bark.]
15. A series or succession of progeny or re- eal descent ; lineal succession. Locke.
A univalve shell of the genus Patella, ad- lations, descending from a common pro- \3. Hereditary ; derived from ancestors.
hering to rocks.
genitor. We speak of the ascending or Shak.
LIM’PID, a. [L. limpidus.] Pure; clear;
descending line; the line of descent; the. 4. Allied by direct descent.
transparent ; as a limpid stream. | male line; a line of kings.
LIM’PIDNESS, n. Clearness ; purity. For only you are lineal to the throne.
16. The twelfth part of an inch. Dryden.
LIM'PING, ppr. Halting ;walking lamely. 17. A straight extended mark.
LIM’PINGLY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting 18. A straight or parallel direction. The! 5. In the direction of a line; as lineal meas-
manner. ure.
houses must all stand in a line. Every Lineal measure, the measure oflength.
LIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] Weak ; flexible. new building must be set in a line with! LINEAL‘ITY, n. The state of being in the
N. England. others on the same street. form ofa line. “Am. Review.
LI/MY, a. [See Lime.] Viscous; glutinous; 19. Occupation ;employment ; department; \LIN/EALLY, adv. In adirect line; as, the
as limy snares. or course of business. We speak of men prince is lineally descended from the con-
2. Containing lime; as a limy soil. in the same line of business. queror.
3. Resembling lime ; having the qualities of Washington. LIN‘/EAMENT, x. [Fr. from L. lineamen-
lime. 20. Course ; direction. tum.]
LIN, v. i. [Ice. linna.] To yield. Obs. What general line of conduct ought to be pur- Feature ; form; make; the outline or exte-
LIN, n. [Celtic.] A pool or mere. [Not sued ? Washington. |
rior ofa body or figure, particularly of the
used. 21. Lint or flax. [Seldom used.] Spenser. face.
LINCH’PIN, n. {Sax. lynis, an axis, D. (22. In heraldry, lines are the figures used in| Man he seems
lens.] armories to divide the shield into different, In all his lineaments. Milton.
A pin used to prevent the wheel of a car- parts, and to compose different figures. —The lineaments of the body. Locke.
riage from sliding off the axle-tree. Encye. —Lineaments of a character. Swift.
LIN€’TURE, n. [L. lingo, linctus.] Medi- 23. In Scripture, line signifies a cord for LIN‘EAR, a. [L. linearis.] Pertaining to a
cine taken by licking. Burton.| measuring ; also, instruction, doctrine. Ps. line ; consisting of lines; in a straight di-
LIN’DEN, nz. [Sax. Sw. Dan. lind; D. linde xix. Is. xxviii. rection.
or linde-boom ; G. linde, lindenbaum.]} A right line, a straight or direct line; the 2. In botany, like a line; slender; of the
The lime-tree, or teil-tree, of the genus shortest line that can be drawn between same breadth throughout, except at the
Tilia. Dryden. two points. extremities; as a linear leaf.
LINE, n. [L. linea; Fr. ligne, from L. li- Horizontal line, a line drawn parallel to the Linear numbers, in mathematics, such as
num; Gr. rwov, flax; G. leine ; D. lyn ;) horizon. have relation to length only; such is a
Sw. lina; Dan. line.] Equinoctial line, in geography, a great circle number which represents one side of a
. In geometry, a quantity extended in length, on the earth’s surface, at 90 degrees dis- plane figure. If the plane figure is a
without breadth or thickness; or a limit) tance from each pole, and bisecting the square, the linear figure is called a root.
terminating a surface. Encyc.|} earth at that part. In astronomy, the cir- Encye.
 LIN LIN LeUa
Linear problem, that which may be solved |LIN’GO, n. [L. lingua.] Language ;speech. LIN’/SEY-WOOLSEY, a. Made of linen
geometrically by the intersection of two [Vulgar.] and wool; hence, vile; mean; of differ-
right lines. Encyc. LIN GUADENT/AL, a. [L. lingua, tongue, ent and unsuitable parts. Johnson.
LIN'EATE, a. In botany, marked longitudi- and dens, a tooth.] LIN/STOCK, n. [lint and stock.} A pointed
nally with depressed parallel lines; as a Formed or uttered by the joint use of the staff with a crotch or fork at one end, to
lineate leaf. ‘ tongue and teeth ; as the letters d and t. hold a lighted match ; used in firing can-
LINEA’TION, x. Draught; delineation, Holder. non. It may be stuck in the ground or in
which see. Woodward. LINGUADENT’AL, x. An articulation the deck of a ship. Encye.
LINED, pp. Covered on the inside. formed by the tongue and teeth. LINT, x. [Sax. linet, L. lintewm, linteus, from
LINEN, n. [L. linum, flax, Gr. awov, W. LIN’GUAFORM, a. [lingua and form.| Hay- linum, flax.]
lin, Ir. lin, Russ. len, G. lein. The sense ing the form or shape of the tongue. Flax ; but more generally, linen scraped into
is probably long, extended or smooth. In Martyn. a soft substance, and used for dressing
the latter sense, it would accord with L. LIN’GUAL, a. [L. lingua, the tongue.] Per- wounds and sores.
linio, lenio.| taining to the tongue; as the lingual ae HiEL, n. [Fr. linteau ; Sp. lintel or din-
1. Cloth made of flax or hemp. nerves, the ninth pair, which go to the el.
2. An under garment. tongue; the lingual muscle, or muscle of, The head-piece of a door-frame or window-
LIN/EN, a. [L. lineus.j Made of flax or the tongue. frame ; the part of the frame that lies on
hemp; as linen cloth; a linen stocking. LINGUIST, n. [L. lingua, tongue.] A per- the side-pieces, Ex. xii.
2. Resembling linen cloth; white ; pale. son skilled in languages; usually applied LINT’SEED, n. [lint, flax, and seed ; Sax.
Shak. to a person well versed in the languages linsed.| Flaxseed. ;
Fossil-linen, a kind of amianth, with soft, taught in colleges, Greek, Latin, and He- ILVON, n. [Fr. from L. leo, leonis, Gr. rear,
arallel, flexible fibers. Encyc. brew. Milton. Arm. leon, W. llew, a lion; llewa, to swal-
LIN’/EN-DRAPER, n. A person who deals LIN’/GULATE, a. [L. lingulatus, fr om Lin- low, to devour. ]
in linens. gua, tongue.| A quadruped of the genus Felis, very
Linener and linen-man, in a like sense, are Shaped like the tongue or a strap. {But strong, fierce and rapacious. The largest
obsolete. ligulate is more generally used.| lions are eight or nine feet in length. The
LING, 2. [D. leng;Ir. long ; probably Sax. Martyn. male has a thick head, beset with long
leng, long.] : LINGWORT, n. An herb. bushy hair ofa yellowish color. The lion
A fish of the genus Gadus, or cod kind, LIN IMENT, n. [Fr. from L. linimentum, is a native of Africa and the warm cli-
which grows to the length of four feet or from linio, lino, to anoint.] mates of Asia. His aspect is noble, his
more, is very slender, with a flat head. A species of soft ointment; a composition of gait stately, and his roar tremendous,
This fish abounds on the coasts of Scot- a consistence somewhat thinner than an 2. A sign in the zodiac.
land and Ireland, and forms a considera- unguent, but thicker than oil. Encyc. LIONESS, n. The female of the lion kind.
ble article of commerce. Encye. LINING, ppr. [See Line.] Covering on the LIONLIKE, a. Like a lion ; fierce.
LING, n. [Ice. ling, from leng, long.] A spe- inside, as a garment. Camden.
cies of long grass ; heath. LINING, n. The inner covering of any LU ON-METTLED, a. Having the courage
Jamieson. Cyc. thing, as of a garment or a box. The and spirit of a lion. illhouse.
Ling, a Saxon termination, as in darling, pleura is called the lining of the thorax.
Jfirstling, denotes primarily state, condi- 2. That which is within. Shak. LION’S FOOT, n. A plant of the genus
tion, or subject. In some words, it de- LINK, n. [G. gelenk, a joint, a ring, a swivel, Catananche.
notes the young of an animal, or a small a link, and as an adjective, flexible, lim- LION’S LEAF, n. A plant of the genus
ber, from lenken, to bend; Dan. lenke, a Leontice.
one.
LIN’GER, v. 7. [from the root of long, Sax. chain.] LION’S TAIL, n. A plant of the genus
leng.] 1. A single ring or division ofa chain. eons. o
1. To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a Jink;|| ,n. [Sax. lippa, lippe; D. lip; G. Dan.
long ; to be slow. as a link of horse hair. Mortimer. lippe; Sw. lipp; iit labium, labrum ;
Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind. 3. A chain; any thing connecting. It. labbro ; Sp. labio; Fr. levre ; Ir. clab or
Gray. —And love, the common link, the new crea- liobhar; Pers. .5. Itmay be connected
Whose judgment now of along time linger- tion crowned. Dryden.
eth not. 2 Pet. ii. 4. Any single constituent part of a connected with W. llavaru, lr. labhraim, to speak,
2. To hesitate ; to be slow in deciding; to be series. This argument is a link in the that is, to thrust out. The sense is prob-
in suspense. chain of reasoning. ably a border.
Perhaps thou lingerest,in deep thought de- 5. A series; a chain. . The edge or border of the mouth. The
tained. Milton. lips are two fleshy or muscular parts, com-
3. To remain long in any state. The patient LINK, n. (Gr. avyvos, L. lychnus, 2 lamp or posing the exterior of the mouth in man
lingers on a bed of sickness. candle, coinciding in elements with light.]
and many other animals. In man, the
LIN’GER, v. t. To protract. Shak. A torch made of tow or bards, &c., and lips, which may be opened or closed at
LIN/GERER, n. One who lingers. pitch. Shak. Dryden.
LINK, v. t. To complicate. Johnson. pleasure, form the covering of the teeth,
LIN/GERING, ppr. Delaying; loitering. and are organs of speech essential to cer-
2. a. Drawing out in time ; remaining long;
2. To unite or connect by something inter-
vening or in other manner. tain articulations. Hence the lips, by a
protracted ; as a lingering disease. —Link towns to towns by avenues of oak. Se denote the mouth, or all the organs
To die is the fate of man; but to die with Pope. of speech, and sometimes speech itself.
lingering anguish is generally his folly. —And creature link’d to creature, man to man. Job ii.
Rambler. Pope. 2. The edge of any thing; as the lip of a
LIN’/GERING, n. A delaying ing ; a remaining LINK, v. 7. To be connected. Burke. vessel. urnet.
long; tardiness; protraction. LINK’'BOY, A boy or man that carries 3. In botany, one of the two opposite divis-
The lingerings of holyday customs. LINK’MAN, :+ 4 link or torch to light pas- ions of a labiate coro]. The upper is call-
Irving. sengers. More. Gay. ed the helmet, and the lower the beard.
LIN'/GERINGLY, adv. With delay ; slow- LINK’ED, pp. United ; connected. Also, an appendage to the flowers of the
ly; tediously. Hale. |LINK/ING, ppr. Uniting ;connecting. orchises, considered by Linne as a nec-
LIN/GET, x. [Fr. lingot, from languette, a LIN’/NET, n. [{Fr. linot ; W. llinos, from llén, tary. Martyn. Smith.
a tongue.| flax, and called also in W. adern y lin, To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sul-
A small mass of metal. Camden. flax-bird ;Sax. linetwege. So in L. cardu- lenness or contempt. Shak.
LIN/GLE, n. (Fr. ligneul, from ligne.] Shoe- elis, from carduus, a thistle.] |LIP, v. t. To kiss. Shak.
maker’s thread. {Not in use or local.] 'A small singing bird of the genus Fringilla.) LIP-DEVO’TION, n. Prayers uttered by
Drayton. |LINSEED. [See Lintseed.] | the lips without the desires of the heart.
 LI@Q LIS LIS
LIP’/-GOQOQD, a. Good in profession only. 2. Soft; clear; flowing ; smooth; as liquid LISP, v.t. To pronounce with a lisp; as,
B. Jonson. melody. Crashaw. she lisped a few words.
LIP’-LABOR, n. Labor or action of the lips 3. Pronounced without any jar; smooth; as LISP, n. The act oflisping, as in uttering an
without concurrence of the mind; words a liquid letter. aspirated th for s.
without sentiments. 4. Dissolved ; not obtainable by law; asa LISP’ER, n. One that lisps.
LIP/OGRAM, n. [Gr. Asie, to leave, and liquid debt. Obs. Ayliffe. LISP/ING, ppr. Uttering with a lisp.
ypauna, a letter.) LIQ/UID, n. A fluid or flowing substance ;) LISP/INGLY, adv. With a lisp. Holder.
A writing in which a single letter is wholly a substance whose parts change their rel-| LIST, n. [Sax. Sw. list; It. Sp. lista ;
omitted. ative position on the slightest pressure, Fr. Dan. liste; D. lyst; G. litze. If
LIPOGRAM’/MATIST, x. One who writes and which flows on an inclined plane ; as list, a roll or catalogue, and list, a border
any thing, dropping a single letter. water, wine, milk, &c. or strip of cloth, are from the same root,
5 Addison. 2. In grammar, a letter which has a smooth we find the original orthography in the
LIPOTH'YMOUS, a. [See Lipothymy.] flowing sound, or which flows smoothly Arm. lez, and Sp. liza, and perhaps the L.
Swooning ; fainting. after a mute; as/ andr, in bla, bra. M lictum, Fr. lice. But in some languages
LIPOTH YMY, n. [Gr. rcirtobyuca; Acumtw, to and n are also called liquids. the words are distinguished; Fr. liste, a
fail, and @vu0s, soul.) LIQ’UIDATE, v. t. [Fr. liquider; L. liqui- roll, and lisiere, a list or selvage of cloth.)
A fainting ; a swoon. Core. Taylor. do.| 'To clear from all obscurity. - In commerce, the border, edge or selvage
LIP/PED, a. Having lips. Time only can liquidate the meaning of all
of cloth ; a strip of cloth forming the bor-
2. In botany, labiate. parts of acompound system. Hamilton. der, particularly of broadcloth, and serv-
LIP’PITUDE, n. [L. lippitudo, from lippus, 2. To settle; to adjust; to ascertain or re-) ing to strengthen it.
blear-eyed.] duce to precision in amount. . A line inclosing or forming the extremity
Soreness of eyes; blearedness. Bacon. of a piece of ground, or field of combat;
Which method of liquidating the amerce- hence, the ground or field inclosed for a
LIP/-WISDOM, n. Wisdom in talk without ment to a precise sum, was usually performed
practice ;wisdom in words not supported in the superior courts. Blackstone. race or combat. Hence, to enter the lists,
by experience. Sidney. The clerk of the commons’ house of assembly) is to accept a challenge or engage in con-
LIQ'UABLE, a. [See Liquate.] That may in 1774, gave certificates to the public creditors| test. Hence,
be melted. that their demands were liquidated, and should A limit or boundary ; a border.
LIQUA’TION, n. [L. liquatio. See Liquate.] be provided for in the next tax-bill. Ramsay. . In architecture, a little square molding;
1. The act or operation of melting. The domestic debt may be subdivided into a fillet; called also a listel.
2. The capacity of being melted ; as a sub- liquidated and unliquidated. Hamilton.||5 . A roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line;
stance congealed beyond liquation. To pay; to settle, adjust and satisfy; as as a list of names; a list of books;a list
Brown. a debt. Wheaton. of articles; a list of ratable estate.
LI’/QUATE, »v. 7. [L. liquo.] To melt; to li- Kyburgh was ceded to Zuric by Sigismond, 6. A strip of cloth; a fillet. Swift.
quefy ; to be dissolved. [Little used.| to liquidate a debt of a thousand florins. Civil list, in Great Britain and the United
Woodward. Coxe’s Switz. States, the civil officers of government, as
LIQUEFA€’TION, n. [L. liquefactio, from LIQ/UIDATED, pp. Settled; adjusted
;re- judges, embassadors, secretaries, &c.
liquefacio.} duced to certainty ; paid. Hence it is used for the revenues or ap-
The act or operation of melting or dissolv- LIQUIDATING, ppr. Adjusting ; ascer- propriations of public money for the sup-
ing; the conversion of a solid into a liquid taining ; paying. port of the civil officers.
by the sole agency of heat or caloric. LIQUIDA’TION, n. The act of settling and LIST, v.t. [from list, a roll.] To enroll; to
Liquefaction, in common usage, signifies adjusting debts, or ascertaining their register in a list or catalogue; to enlist.
the melting of any substance, but by some amount or balance due. The latter is the more elegant word.
authors it is applied to the melting of sub- LIQ’UIDATOR, n. He or that which liqui- Hence,
stances, which pass through intermediate dates or settles. E. Everett. 2. To engage in the public service, as sol-
states of softness before they become flu- diers.
id, as tallow, wax, resin, &c. LIQUIDITY, n. [Fr. liquidité.] The quality
of being fluid or liquid. They in my name are listed. Dryden.
Coxe’s Dispensatory. 2. Thinness. Glanville. 3. To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.
2. The state of being melted. Dryden.
LIQ/UEFIABLE, a. That may be melted, LIQ‘UIDNESS, n. The quality of being 4. To sew together, as strips of cloth ; or to
or changed from a solid to a liquid state. liquid; fluency. Boyle.
form a border. Wotton.
Bacon. LIQ/UOR, n. lik’or. [Sax. loge ; Fr. liqueur; 5. To cover with a list, or with strips of
LIQ/UEFIER, n. That which melts any L. liquor.)
cloth ; as, to list a door,
solid substance. A liquid or fluid substance. [See Liquid.]
6. To hearken ; to attend; a contraction of
LIQ‘UEFY, v. ¢. [Fr. liquefier, from L. lique- Liquor is a word of general signification, listen, which see.
facio. See Liquid.] extending to water, milk, blood, sap, juice,
LIST, v. i. To engage in public service by
‘To melt; to dissolve ; to convert from a fix- &c.; but its most common application is
enrolling one’s name; to enlist. [The
ed or solid form to that of a liquid, and to spirituous fluids, whether distilled or fer- latter is the more elegant word. See
technically, to melt by the sole agency of mented, to decoctions, solutions, tinctures. Enlist.)
heat or caloric. Milton. LIST, v. i. [Sax. lystan; G. liisten ;D. lus-
LIQ'UEFY, v. 7. To be melted; to become LIQ/UOR, v.t. To moisten; to drench, ten; Sw. lysta; Dan. lyster. See Lust.
liquid. Addison. [Little used.] Bacon. The primary sense seems to be to Jean,
ee ppr. Melting ; becoming LIQUORICE. [See Licorice.] incline, advance or stretch toward. [See
iquid. LIS’/BON, n. A species of wine exported the Noun.]
LIQUES'CENCY, n. [L. liquescentia.} Apt- from Lisbon, in Portugal. Properly, to lean or incline; to be propense;
ness to melt. Johnson. LISNE, x. A cavity or hollow. [Not in hence, to desire or choose.
LIQUES/CENT, a. Melting ; becoming fluid. use. | Hale. Let other men think of your devices as they
LIQUEUR, n. [Fr.] A spirituous cordial. | LISP, v.%. [G. lispeln, D. lispen, to lisp; list. Whitgifte.
LIQ/UID, a. [L. liquidus, from liquo, to Sax. vlisp or vlips, a lisping; Sw. lispa, The wind bloweth where it listeth. John iii.
melt, Ir. leagham; probably from flow- Russ. lepetzu, to lisp.] LIST, x. In the language of seamen, an
ing, and coinciding with Sax. loge, water, To speak with a particular articulation of
inclination to one side. The ship has a
L. ae and lug, in Lugdunum, Leyden, Ty- the tongue and teeth, nearly as in pro-
ons. list to port. Mar. Dict.
nouncing th. Lasping is particularly no- LIST’ED, pp. Striped; particolored in
Fluid ; flowing or capable of flowing; not ticed in uttering th for s, as yeth for yes. stripes.
fixed or solid. But liquid is not precisely It is most common in children. 2. Covered with list.
synonymous with fluid. Mercury and air I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. 3. Inclosed for combat.
are fluid, but not liquid. ul Pope. 4, Engaged in public service ; enrolled.
Vol. 8
 Lig LIT LIT
LIST’EL, 2. A list in architecture; a fillet.||2. Derived from erudition ; as literary fame.||LITHOGLYPH'ITE, n. [Gr. 205, stone,
Encyc. 3. Furnished with erudition; versed in let- and yavpe, to engrave. |
LIST’EN, v. i. lis'‘n. [Sax. lystan or hlystan; ters; as a literary man. A fossil that presents the appearance of bs-
D. luisteren. Qu. G. lauschen; Scot. 4, Consisting in letters, or written or printed ing engraved or shaped by art. Lwumnier.
lith.] compositions; as literary property. LITHOG’/RAPHER, n. [See Lithography.}
1. To hearken; to give ear; to attend LIT/ERATE, a. [L. literatus.] Learned; One who practices lithography.
closely with a view to hear. lettered; instructed in learning and sci-||LITHOGRAPH'I¢€, : a. Pertaining to
On the green bank I sat, and listened long. ence. i Johnson. LITHOGRAPH'I€AL, § “ lithography.
Dryden. LITERA’TI, n. plu. [L. literatus.] The! LI1THOGRAPH’I€ALLY, adv. By the lith-
2. To obey; to yield to advice; to follow learned ; men of erudition. Spectator.| ographic art.
admonition. LIT/ERATOR, n. [L.] A petty school- LITHOG/RAPHY, n. [Gr. 2180s, stone, and
LIS‘TEN, v. t. lis’‘n. To hear; to attend. master. Burke. ypape, to engrave or write.]
Shak. LIT’ERATURE, 2. [L. literatura.) Learn- The art of engraving, or of tracing letters,
LIST’ENER, nv. One who listens; a heark- ing; acquaintance with letters or books. figures or other designs on stone, and of
ener. Taterature comprehends a knowledge of transferring them to paper by impression ;
LIST’ER, n. One who makes a list or roll. the ancient languages, denominated clas- an art recently invented by Mr. Senne-
LIST’FUL, a. Attentive. Obs. — Spenser. sical, history, grammar, rhetoric, logic, felder of Munich, in Bavaria.
LIST’ING, ppr. Inclosing for combat ; coy- geography, &c. as well as of the sciences. , Journ. of Science.
ering with list; enlisting. A knowledge of the world and good LITHOLOG’‘T€, See Li
LIST’LESS, a. Not listening ; not attend- breeding give luster to literature. LITHOLOGIEAL, §% [See Lithology.}
ing ; indifferent to what is passing; heed- LITH, n. [Sax.] A joint or limb. Obs. Pertaining to the science of stones.
less ;inattentive; thoughtless; careless; Chaucer.
LITHOL/OGIST, n. A person skilled in
as a listless hearer or spectator. LITHAN’THRAX, n. [Gr. 280s, a stone, the science of stones.
LIST’LESSLY, adv. Without attention; and ov@pag, a coal.] LITHOLOGY, x. [Gr. 21805, stone, and 20-
heedlessly. ‘Stone-coal, a black, compact, brittle, inflam- vos, discourse. ]
LIST’LESSNESS, x. Inattention; heed- mable substance, of laminated texture,
1. The science or natural history of stones,
lessness ; indifference to what is passing more or Jess shining. Nicholson. Fourcroy.
and may be interesting. LITH’ARGE, n. [Fr. from L. lithargyros, 2. A treatise on stones found in the body.
LIT, pret. of light. The bird lit on a tree Gr. 2bapyvpos, the spume or scum oO Coxe.
before me. silver.] LITH/OMANCY, n. [Gr. a:0s, stone, and
I lit my pipe with the paper. Addison. A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead, produced in javteva, divination. }
(This word, though used by some good refining silver by cupellation with lead. Divination or prediction of events by means
writers, is very inelegant.] It appears in the form of soft flakes, or of stones. Brown.
LIT“ANY, xn. [Fr. litanie, Gr. avravevo, semi-transparent shining plates. LITHOMAR’GA, ps (Gr. ac6os, stone, and
supplication, from Acromsve, Acrouar, Avooo- Dict. Nat. Hist. Encyc. Nicholson. LITH/OMARGE, * L. marga, marl.)
pat, to pray.) LITHE, a. [Sax. lith, lithe ;W. llyth.] That An earth of two species, friable and indura-
A solemn form of supplication, used in pub- may be easily bent; pliant; flexible; lim- ted, more siliceous than aluminous, dis-
lie worship. ber ; as the elephant’s lithe proboscis. tinguished by its great fineness and its
Supplications for the appeasing of God’s Milton. fusibility into a soft slag.
wrath, were by the Greek church termed lita- LITHE, »v. t. To smooth; to soften; to pal- Dict. Nat. Hist. Kirwan. Ure.
nies, by the Latin, rogations. Hooker. liate. Obs. Chaucer. LITHONTRIP’TIE, a. [Gr. 280s, stone, and
LITE, a. Little. [JVot in use.] 2. To listen. Obs. [See Listen.] zpv6o, to wear or break.]
LITER, n. [Fr. litre, from Gr. avzpa.] A LI/THENESS, x. Flexibility ;limberness. Having the quality of dissolving the stone
French measure of capacity, being a cubic LI’FHER, a. Soft; pliant. Obs. Shak. in the bladder or kidneys.
decimeter, containing, according to Lu- 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad; corrupt. Obs. LITHONTRIP’TI¢€, n. A medicine which
nier, about a pint and a half old French Foolton. has the power of dissolving the stone in
measure. The liter is equal to 60,02800 LI’/FHERLY, adv. Slowly; lazily. Obs. the bladder or kidneys ; a solvent of stone
cubie inches, or nearly 2 wine pints. Barret. in the human urinary passages. Coxe.
Cyc. LI’/FHERNESS, n. Idleness; laziness. Obs.
LITH/ONTRIPTOR, An instrument for
LIT‘ERAL, a. [Fr. from L. litera, a tee] Barret. LITH OTRITOR, ™ triturating the
1. According to the letter ;primitive ;real; LITHIA, n. A new alkali, found in a min- stone in the bladder, so that it may be ex-
not figurative or metaphorical; as the eral called petalite, of which the basis is a tracted without cutting; recently invent-
literal meaning ofa phrase. metal called Lithium. Davy. Ure. ed by Dr. Civiale.
9. Following the letter or exact words; not LITH/IATE, n. [Gr. acdos, a stone.] A salt LITH’ONTRIPTY, The operation of
free ; as a literal translation. or compound formed by the lithic acid LITH’OTRITY, n. 5 .
, triturating the stone
3. Consisting ofletters. combined with a base. Hooper. in the bladder, by means of an instrument
The literal notation of numbers was known LITH'I€, a. [supra.] Pertaining to the
to Europeans before the ciphers. Johnson.
called lithotritor.
stone in the bladder. The lithic acid is LITHOPH/AGOUS, a. [Gr. 20s, stone,
LITERAL, xn. Literal meaning. — [Vol obtained from a calculus in the bladder.
used. | Brown. LITHOBIBLION. and aya, to eat.]
[See Lithophyl.] Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as
LITVERALISM, nz. That which accords
LITH/O€ARP, n. (Gr. 260s, a stone, and the ostrich.
with the letter. Milton. xapzos, fruit.] Fossil fruit; fruit petrified.
LITERAL/ITY, n. Original or literal mean- LITH/OPHOSPHOR, n. [Gr. 280s, stone,
Dict. Nat. Hist. and wopopos. |
ing. Brown.
LIT/ERALLY, adv. According to the pri- LITH/O€OLLA, x. [Gr. 60s, a stone, and A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.
mary and natural import of words; not xonrna, glue.] A cement that unites stones. Dict. Nat. Hist.
Ash. LITHOPHOSPHOR’‘T€, a. Pertaining to
figuratively. A man and his wife cannot LITHODEN’DRON, x. [Gr. 00s, stone,
be literally one flesh. Ae a becoming pbosphoric by
and Sevdpor, tree.] Coral; so called from neat.
92, With close adherence to words ; word
its resembling a petrified branch. — Parr. LITH/OPHYL, x. [Gr. 290s, stone, and
by word.
So wild and ungovernable a poet cannot be LITHOGEN’ESY, n. [Gr. aos, stone, and qvaaor, a leaf.]
translated literally. Dryden. yeveots, generation. | Bibliolite or lithobiblion, fossil leaves, or the
LIT’ERARY, a. [L. literarius.| Pertaining The doctrine or science of the origin of min- figures of leaves on fossils.
to letters or literature ; respecting learn- erals composing the globe, and of the LITH/OPHYTE, x. [Gr. 260s, stone, and
ing or learned men; as a literary history ; causes which have produced their form gvrov, a plant; literally, stone-plant.]
literary conversation. and disposition. Dict. Nat. Hist. Stone-coral; a name given to those species
 LIT Lert LIV
of polypiers, whose substance is stony. bruising the archil, and adding quick lime 2. A small space.
The older naturalists classed them with and putrefied urine, or spirit of urine dis- Much was in little writ— Dryden
vegetables. Cuvier. Ray. tilled from lime. The mixture, after cool- 3. Any thing small, slight, or of ineonsidera-
LITHOPHYT'I€, a. Pertaining to litho- ing and the evaporation of the fluid, be- ble importance.
phytes. comes a mass of the consistence ofpaste, I view with anger and disdain,
LITH/OPHYTOUS, a. Pertaining to or which is laid on a board to dry in square} How little gives thee joy and pain. Prior.
consisting oflithophytes. lumps. Encyc. 4, Not much.
LITH'OTOME, n. [Gr. aos, stone, and LIT/ORN, n. A bird, a species of thrush, These they are fitted for, and little else.
teuve, to cut.] in size and shape resembling the hen- Cheyne.
A stone so formed naturally as to appear as LIT’ TLE,Ei, adv.
a In a small degree ; slightly;
blackbird. Dict. Nat. Hist. as, he is little changed. It is a litlle dis-
if cut artificially. Dict. Nat. Hist.
LITHOTOM TE, a. Pertaining to or per- LIT/OTE, x. [Gr.acros, slender.] Diminu- colored.
formed by lithotomy. tion ; extenuation. Pope. 2. Not much; in a small quantity or space
LITHOT’OMIST, n. [See Lithotomy.] One LIT/TER, n. [Fr. litiere, from lit ; contract- oftime. He sleeps Little.
who performs the operation of cutting for ed from L. lectus, from the root of lego,| 3. In some degree; slightly f ; sometimes pre-
the stone in the bladder; or one who is Eng. lay; It. lettica or lettiga; Sp. litera; ceded by a. The liquor is a litile sour or
skilled in the operation. Port. liteira ; Arm. leter.] astringent. .
LITHOT/OMY, n. [Gr. 2805, stone, and Ne A vehicle formed with shafts supporting LIT’/TLENESS, n. Smallness of size or
Teuve, to cut.] abed between them, in which a person, bulk; as the littleness of the body or of an
The operation, art or practice of cutting for may be borne by men or by a horse. If’ animal.
the stone in the bladder. by the latter, it is called a horse-litter. All 2. Meanness; want of grandeur; as little-
LITHOX’/YLE, n. (Gr. 260s, stone, and similar vehicle in India is called a palan- ness of conception.
vaov, wood. ] quin. | 3. Want of dignity. Contemplations on the
Petrified wood. It differs from lignite, be- 2. Straw, hay or other soft substance, used, majesty of God displayed in his works,
ing really changed into stone; such as as a bed for horses and for other pur- may awaken in us a sense of our own
silicified woods, which are changed into poses. litileness.
varieties of silex, &c. Dict. Nat. Hist. 3. (Ice. lider, generation, from the root of 4. Meanness ;penuriousness.
LITH'Y, a. [See Lithe.] Easily bent; plia- lad, leod.| A brood of young pigs, kittens, LITTORAL, a. [L. littoralis, from littus,
ble. [This is probably the word which, puppies, or other quadrupeds. The word shore.]_ Belonging to a shore. [Little
in our popular use, is pronounced lathy.] is applied only to certain quadrupeds of used.
LIT‘IGANT, a. [See Litigate.] Contend- the smaller kinds. [Qu. the root of lad.] LIT’UITE, n. A fossil shell.
ing in law; engaged in a lawsuit; as the 4. A birth of pigs or other small animals. LITURGICAL, a. [See Liturgy.) Pertain-
parties litigant. Ayliffe. 5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and ing to a liturgy.
LIT/IGANT, n. A person engaged in a law- the like, scattered on a floor or other LITURGY, n. (Fr. liturgie; Sp. It. litw-
suit. I’ Estrange. clean place. gia; Gr. rectovpya; decros, public, and
LITIGATE, v. t. [L. litigo, from lis, litis, a LIT’TER, v.?. To bring forth young, as epyov, work, ]
ae swine and other small quadrupeds. It is n a general sense, all public ceremonies
contest or debate; Ar. XJ ladda, to dis- sometimes applied to human beings in that belong to divine service; hence, in a
contempt. Shak. restricted sense, among the Romanists,
pute. Class Ld. No. 2. Lis, litis, coin- the mass; and among protestants, the
cides with the Sax. flit, contention ; flitan, 2. To scatter over carelessly with shreds,
to contend.] fragments and the like; as, to litter a common prayer, or the formulary of pub-
room or a carpet. Swift. lic prayers. Johnson. Encyc.
To contest in law; to prosecute or defend
LIVE, v. 7.:liv. [Sax. liban, leofan, lifian;
by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and 3. To cover with straw or hay; as, to litter Goth. liban; Sw. lefwa; Dan. lever; G.
judicial debate ; as, to litigate a cause or a a stable. Dryden.
question, 4. To supply with litter; as, to litter cattle. leben; D. leven. It coincides with leave.
The primary sense probably is to rest, re-
LITIGATE, v.i. To dispute in law; to LIT’TERED, pp. Furnished with straw.
carry on a suit by judicial process. main, abide. If so, the root may be Ar.
2. a. Covered or overspread with litter, we
LITIGATED, pp. Contested judicially. pieces, shreds, &c.
LIT‘IGATING, ppr. Contesting in law. J labba, to be, to abide. Class Lb.
LIT’/TLE, a. comp. less, lesser; sup. least.
LITIGA’TION, n. The act or process of [Sax. lytel, lytle ;Scot. lite, lyte, adv. lyt ; No. 1.]
carrying ona suit in a court of law or Goth. leitil; Sw. liten ; Dan. liden; “D. - To abide; to dwell; to have settled resi-
equity for the recovery ofa right or claim; luttel ; probably from the sense of dimin- dence in any place. Where do you live 2
a judigial contest. ishing. Class Ld. No. 15. 22. 31.] I live in London. He lives in Philadel-
LITIG‘IOUS, a. [Fr. litigieur ; L. litigio- ip Small in size or extent; not great or phia. He lives in a large house in Second
sus. large; as a little body; a little animal; a
street. The Swiss live on mountains. The
1. Taclined to judicial contest; given to the Bedouin Arabs live in the desert.
little piece of ground; a little table ; a litlle
practice of contending in law; quarrel- 2. To continue; to be permanent; not to
book; a little hill; a little distance ;a Little perish.
some ; contentious; applied to persons. A child.
litigious man is a bad neighbor and a bad 2. Short in duration; as a little time or sea- Men’s evil manners live in brass; their virtues
citizen. We write in water. Shak.
son; a litile sleep. 3. To be animated; to have the vital princi-
2. Disputable ; controvertible; subject tol!
contention ; as litigious right. . Smallin quantity or amount; as a little ple; to have the bodily functions in ope-
hay or grass; a little food ; a little sum; a ration, or in a capacity to operate, as res-
Blackstone.
No fences, parted fields, nor marks nor little light; a little air or water. piration, circulation of blood, secretions,
bounds, Of small dignity, power or importance. &c.; applied to animals.
Distinguish’d acres of litigious grounds. When thou wast little in thy own sight, wast 5 Iam Joseph ; doth my father yet live ? Gen.
Xiv.
Dryden. thou not made the head of the tribes? 1 Sam.
LITIG'IOUSLY, adv. In a contentious XV. To have the principles of vegetable life;
manner. or. Of small force or effect; slight ; inconsid- to be in a state in which the organs do or
LITIG/IOUSNESS, n. A disposition to en- erable;
as little attention or exertions; may perform their functions in the circu-
gage in or to carry on lawsuits; inclina- little effort ; lille care or diligence;
little lation of sap and in growth; applied ta
tion to judicial contests. weight. plants. ‘This tree will not live, unless wat-
LIT’MUS, , A blue pigment, formed LIT’TLE, n. A small quantity or amount. ered; it will not live through the winter.
LA€/MUS, * from archil, a species of
5. To pass life or time in a particular man-
He demanded much and obtained little. ner, with regard to habits or condition.
lichen, [See Archil.] It is prepared by He had little of his father’s liberality, In what manner does your son live 2Does
 i FV TV LIV
he live in ease and affluence? Does he live 2. An appearance of life, animation orspirit ; 1. The act of delivering possession of lands
according to the-dictates of reason and the as the liveliness of the eye or countenance or tenements; a term of English law.
precepts of religion? in a portrait. ; It is usual to say, livery of seisin, which is
If we act by several broken views, we shall 3. Briskness; activity; effervescence, as 0 a feudal investiture, made by the delivery
live and die in misery. Spectator. liquors. ofa turf, of arod or twig, from the feoffor
To continue inlife. The way to live long LIVELODE, for livelihood, not used. to the feoffee. In America, no such cere-
is to be temperate. Hubberd’s Tale. mony is necessary to aconveyance of real
~!. To live, emphatically ; to enjoy life; to LIVELONG, a. liv'long. [live and long.) estate, the delivery of a deed being sufti-
be in a state of happiness. 1. Long in passing. cient.
What greater curse could envious fortune give, How could she sit the livelong day, 2. Release from wardship; deliverance.
Than just to die, when I began to live ? Yet neverask us once to play? Swift. King Charles.
Dryden. 2. Lasting; durable; as a livelong monu- 3. The writ by which possession is obtained.
To feed; to subsist; to be nourished and ment. [NVot used.] Milton. Johnson.
supported in life; as, horses live on grass 3. A plant of the genus Sedum. 4, The state of being kept at a certain rate;
or grain; fowls live on seeds or insects; LUVELY, a. Brisk; vigorous; vivacious; as, to keep horses at livery. Spenser.
some kinds of fish live on others; carniv- active ; as a lively youth. 5. A form of dress by which noblemen and
orous animals live on flesh. 2. Gay; airy. gentlemen distinguish their servants. The

i,
. To subsist; to be maintained in life; to From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Romish church has also liveries for con-
be supported. Many of the clergy are Pope. fessors, virgins, apostles, martyrs, peni-
obliged to live on small salaries. All men 3. Representing life; as a lively imitation o tents, &c. Hence,
in health may live by industry with econo- nature. . A particular dress or garb, appropriate or
my, yet some men live by robbery. 4. Animated; spirited; as a lively strain o peculiar to particular times or things; as
10. To remain undestroyed ; to float; not to eloquence; a lively description. the livery of May ; the livery of autumn.
sink or founder. It must be a good ship 5. Strong; energetic; as a lively faith or Now came still evening on, and twilight gray
that lives at sea in a hurricane. hope ; a lively persuasion. Had in her sober livery all things clad.
Nor can our shaken vessels live at sea. Lively stones, in Scripture. Saints are called Milton.
Dryden. lively stones, as being quickened by the ||7. The whole body ofliverymen in London.
11. To exist; to have being. Spirit and active in holiness. Brown. LIV’ERY, v.t. To clothe in livery. Shak.
As I live, saith the Lord— _ Ezek. xviii. LI’VELY, adv. Briskly; vigorously. [Lit- LIV’ERYMAN, n. One who wears a livery ;
12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, tle used.| Hayward. as a servant.
temporal or spiritual. 2. With strong resemblance of life. 2. In London, a freeman of the city, of some
Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and judg- That part of poetry mustneeds be best, which distinction. The liverymen are chosen
ments, which if a man do, he shall live in them. describes most lively our actions and passions. from among the freemen of each compa-
Lev. xviii. [Little used.] Dryden. ny, and from their number are elected the
13. To recover from sickness; to have life LIV’ER, n. One who lives. common council, sheriff and other superior
prolonged. officers of the city. They alone have the
Thy son liveth. John iv. And try if life be worth the liver’s care.
14. To be inwardly quickened, nourished Prior. right of voting for members ofparliament.
and actuated by divine influence or faith. Tt is often used with a word of qualifi- Encyc.
cation; as a high liver; aloose liver, &c. LIV/ERY-STABLE, n. A stable where
Gal. ii. | horses are kept for hire.
15. To be greatly refreshed, comforted and LIWER, x. [Sax. lifer, lifre; D. leever ; G. LIVES, n. plu. oflife.
leber ; Sw. lefver; Dan. lever; Russ. liber.
animated.
For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord. The Saxon word is rendered also libra- LIVESTOCK, n. [live and stock.] Horses,
1 Thess. iii. mentum, and this viscus may be named cattle and smaller domestic animals; a
16. To appear as in life or reality; to be from its weight.] term applied in America to such animals
manifest in real character. A viscus or intestine of considerable size as may be exported alive for foreign
And all the writer lives in every line. Pope. and ofa reddish color, convex on the an- market.
To live with, to dwell or to be a lodger with. terior and superior side, and of an unequal LIV'ID, a. (Fr. livide ; It. livido; L. lividus;
2. To cohabit; to have intercourse, as male surface on the inferior and posterior side. from liveo, to be black and blue.]
and female. Shak. It is situated under the false ribs, in the |Black and blue; of alead color; discolored,
LIVE, v. t. liv. To continue in constantly or right hypochondrium. It consists of two as flesh by contusion.
habitually; as, to live a life of ease. lobes, of a glandular substance, and des- Upon my livid lips bestow a kiss. Dryden.
2. To act habitually in conformity to. tined for the secretion of the bile. \LIVID/ITY, A dark color, like that
It is not enough to say prayers, unless they Encyc. ‘LIV/IDNESS, §"° of bruised flesh. [Liv-
live them too. Parker. LIV’/ER€OLOR, a. Dark red; of the color idness is the preferable word.]
LIVE, a. Having life; having respiration of the liver. Woodward. LIVING, ppr. [from live.] Dwelling ; re-
and other organic functions in operation, LIV’ERED, a. Having a liver; as white-liv- | siding; existing ; subsisting; having life
or in a capacity to operate ; not dead; as ered. Sherwood. | or the vital functions in operation; not
a live ox. LIV’ERGROWN, a. Having a large liver. | dead.
2. Having vegetable life ; as a live plant. Graunt. 2. a. Issuing continually from the earth;
3. Containing fire ; ignited; not extinct; |LIV’/ERSTONE, n. [G. leber-stein.] A stonel| running; flowing; as a living spring or
a live coal. or species of earth of the barytic genus, 0 fountain ; opposed to stagnant.
4. Vivid, as color. Thomson. a gray or brown color, which, when rub 3. a. Producing action, animation and vig-
LIVELESS, not used. [See Lifeless.) bed or heated to redness, emits the smell or; quickening; as a living principle; a
LUVELIMOOD, n. [lively and hood, or life-| of liver of sulphur, or alkaline sulphuret. living faith.
lode, from lead. I find in Saxon lif-lade,) Kirwan. LIV/ING, n. He or those who are alive ;
lead or course oflife, vite iter.] |
|LIVERWORT, n. The name of many spe- usually with a plural signification; as in
Means of living; support of life; main-| cies of plants. Several of the lichens are the land ofthe living.
tenance. Trade furnishes many people so called. The liverworts (Hepatice) are The living will lay it to his heart. Eccles.
with an honest livelihood. Men of enter- a natural order of cryptogamian plants,)) vu.

prise seek a livelihood where they can| whose herbage is generally frondose, and LIV’/ING, n. Means ofsubsistence; estate.
find it. He divided to them his living. Luke xv.
resembling the leafy lichens, but whose She of her want, did cast in all that she had,
LU VELINESS, n. [from lively.] The qual- seeds are contained in a distinct capsule. evenall her living. Mark sii.
ity or state of being lively or animated ; The noble liverwort is the Anemone hepa-) 2. Power of continuing life. There is no
sprightliness ;vivacity ;animation ; spirit ; tica. Smith. Lee. living with a scold.
as the liveliness of youth, contrasted with LIV‘ERY, n. [Norm. from Fr. livrer, to There is no living without trusting some body
the gravity of age. deliver.| or other in some cases. L’Estrange.
 LOA LOA LOA

3. Livelihood. He made a Living by his oc- LOAD, n. [Sax. hlad or lade ; W. liwyth. See most correct, as this word has no connec-
cupation. The woman spins for a living. Lade.| tion with the verb to load.]
4. The benefice of aclergyman. He lost his 1. A burden; that whichis laid on or put in The native magnet, an ore of iron in the
living by non-conformity.. any thing for conveyance. Thus we lay lowest state of oxydation, which has the
LIV/INGLY, adv. In a living state. a load on a beast or on a man’s shoulders, power of attracting metallic iron, as iron
Brown. or on a cart or wagon; and we say, a light filings, and of communicatingto masses of
Livonica terra, a species of fine bole found in load, a heavy load. A load then is indefi- iron the same property of attraction, form-
Livonia, brought to market in little cakes. nite in quantity or weight. But by usage, ing artificial magnets. [See Lodestone.]
LIVRE, n. [Fr.5 L. bra.] A French money in some cases, the word has a more defi- LOAF, nx. plu. loaves. [Sax. hlaf or laf ;
of account, equal to 20 sous, or ten pence nite signification, and expresses a certain Goth. hlaibs ;G. leib ;Polish, chlieb; Bo-
sterling. Se ) quantity or weight, or as much as is usu- hemian, chleb ;Russ. chlib or chleb ;Croa-
LIXIV‘IAL, ;s fie livivius, from liz, ally carried, or as can be well sustained. tian, Alib; Finnish, leipa or leipam; Lap-
LIXIV‘IOUS, * Tye.] Load is never used for the cargo of a ship; ponie, laibe. The German leib is rendered
1. Obtained by lixiviation; impregnated this is called loading, lading, freight, or a loaf, and body, waist, belly; leiblich,
with alkaline salt extracted from wood cargo. which in English, would be loa/-like, sig-
ashes. Livivial salts are those which are 2. Any heavy burden; a large quantity borne nifies corporeal, bodily. Loaf then signi-
obtained by passing water through ashes, or sustained. A tree may be said to have fies a lump or mass, from some root that
or by pouring it on them. a load of fruit upon it. signifies to set, or to collect, or to form.]
2. Containing salt extracted from the ashes 3. That which is borne with pain or diffi- ie A mass of bread when baked. It is larger
of wood. culty ; a grievous weight ; encumbrance; than a cake. The size and price of a loaf,
3. Of the color of lye; resembling lye. in a literal sense. in large cities, are regulated by law.
4, Having the qualities of alkaline salts from Jove lightened of its load 2. A mass or lump, as of sugar.
wood ashes. | Th’ enormous mass— Pope. 3. Any thick mass.
LIXIV‘IATE, Pertaining to lye or, In a figurative sense, we say, a load of LOAF-SUGAR, n. Sugar refined and form-
LIXIV/IATED, a. lixivium; of the qual- care or grief; a load of guilt or crimes. ed into a conical mass.
ity of alkaline salts. 4. Weight or violence of blows. Milton. LOAM, n. [Sax. lam; D. leem; G.lehm ; L.
2. Impregnated with salts from wood ashes. 5. A quantity of food or drink that oppress- limus ; Sw. lim; Dan. lim, liim ;so named
LIXIV‘IATE, v. ¢.. (L. livivia, lixivium, lye.} es, orasmuch as can be borne. Dryden. probably from smoothness or softness ;W.
To form lye; to impregnate with salts! 6. Among miners, the quantity of nine dishes llim.]
from wood ashes. Water is lixiviated by) of ore, each dish being about half a hun- A natural mixture of sand and clay with
passing through ashes. dred weight. Encyc. Cyc. oxyd of iron; a species of earth or soil of
LIXIVIA/TION, n. The operation or pro- LOAD, v. t. pret. and pp. loaded. [loaden, different colors, whitish, brown or yellow,
cess of extracting alkaline salts from ashes formerly used, is obsolete, and laden be- readily diffusible in water.
by pouring water on them, the water longs to lade. Load, from the noun, is a Cleaveland. Encye.
passing through them imbibing the salts. regular verb.] LOAM, v. t. To cover with loam. Moxon.
LIXIV/IUM, n. [L. from liz, lye, Sp. lexia,| 1. To lay on aburden; to put on or in some-) LOAMY, a. Consisting of loam; partaking
Fr. lessive.] thing to be carried, or as much as can be, of the nature of loam, or resembling it.
Lye; water impregnated with alkaline salts carried ; as, to load acamelor a horse; to, |LOAN, x. [Sax. len, hlen; Sw. lin; Dan.
imbibed from wood ashes. It is some- load a cart or wagon. To load a gun, is to laan ; D. leen; G. lehen. See Lend.]
times applied to other extracts. Boyle. charge, or to put in a sufficient quantity of, 1. The act of lending; a lending.
LIZ‘ARD, n. [Fr. lezarde; L. lacertus;| powder, or powder and ball or shot. 2. That which is lent; any thing furnished
Sp. lagarto; It. lucerta, lucertola; Arm.) 2. To encumber; to lay on or put in that} for temporary use to a person at his re-
glaserd. If lizard is the L. lacerta, there, which is borne with pain or difficulty ; in| quest, on the express or implied condition
has been a change of ¢ into z or s, which) a literal sense, as to load the stomach with that the specific thing shall be returned,
may be the fact. In Ethiopic, latsekat is, meat; or in a figurative sense, as to load or its equivalent in kind, but without com-
lizard. Gebelin deduces the word from the mind or memory. pensation for the use ; as a loan of a book
an oriental word leza, to hide. But this is) 3. To make heavy by something added or or of bread.
doubtful.) appended. 3. Something furnished for temporary use,
In zoology, a genus of amphibious animals, on the condition that it shall be returned
Thy dreadful vow, loaden with death—
called Lacerta, and comprehending the Addison.
or its equivalent, but with a compensa-
crocodile, alligator, chamelion, salaman-, tion for the use. In this sense, loan is
der, &c. But the name, in common life, So ina literal sense, to load a whip. generally applied tomoney. [See Lend.]
is applied to the smaller species of this 4. To bestow or confer on in great abun- 4. A furnishing ;permission to use; grant
genus, and of these there is a great va- dance ; as, to load one with honors ; to load of the use ; as a loan of credit. Kent.
riety. These animals are ranked in the with reproaches. LOAN, v.t. [Sax. lenan; G. lehnen; D
order of reptiles. The body is naked, | LOADED, pp. Charged with a load or car- leenen ; Sw. lina; Dan. laaner.]
with four feet and a tail. The body is! go; having a burden; freighted, as a ship; To lend; to deliver to another for temporary
thicker and more tapering than that ofthe| having a charge of powder, or powder and use, on condition that the thing shall be
serpent, Encye.| shot, as a gun. returned, as a book ; or to deliver for use,
LIZ‘ARD-TAIL, n. A plant of the genus 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive ; as on condition that an equivalent in kind
Saururus, and another of the genus Piper. loaded with cares, with guilt or shame. shall be returned, as bread; or to deliver
Fam. of Plants. LOADER, n. One who puts on a load. for temporary use, on condition that an
LL. D. letters standing for Doctor of Laws, LOADING, ppr. Charging with a load ; equivalent in kind shall be returned, with
the title of an honorary degree. burdening ; encumbering; charging, as a a compensation for the use, asin the case
LO, exclam. (Sax. la. Whether this is a con-| gun. of money at interest. Bills of credit were
tracted word or not, does not appear.] LOADING, n. A cargo ; a burden; also, any issued, to be loaned on interest.
Look; see; behold; observe. ‘This word thing that makes part of a load. Ramsay. Kent. Laws of the U. States.
is used to excite particular attention in a. LOADMANAGE, n. Pilotage; skill ofa pi- Stat. ofConn. and of New York.
hearer to some object of sight, or subject lot. [Wot used.] LO’AN-OFFICE, n. In America, a public
of discourse. |LOADSMAN, x. [load and man.] A pilot. office in which loans of money are nego-
Lo, here is Christ. Matt. xxiv. Obs. tiated for the public, or in which the ac-
Lo, we turn to the Gentiles. Acts xiii. |LOADSTAR, {lead and star.] The star counts of loans are kept and the interest
LOACH, [Fr. loche.] A small fish of LODESTAR, m that leads ; the polestar; paid to the lenders.
LOCHE, §”* the genus Cobitis, inhabiting) the cynosure. Obs. Shak. LO’AN-OFFICER, x. A public officer em-
small clear streams, and esteemed dainty) LOADSTONE, n. [from the verb lead and powered to superintend and transact the
food. Walton.: stone. The old orthography, lodestone, is! business of a loan-office.
 LOB LOC LOC
LOATH, (Sax. lath, hateful; lathian, to probably all named from their shape or LO’€HIA, n. [Gr. royew.] Evacuations
LOTH, ba.lothe; Sw. ledas, to lothe or legs. The last syllable coincides with ster, which follow childbirth.
nauseate ; Dan. leede, lothesome; lee, aver- in spinster, minister.] LO’€HIAL, a. Pertaining to evacuations
sion. In America, the primitive pronun- A crustaceous fish of the genus Cancer. from the womb after childbirth.
ciation of lath, that is, lawth, is retained Lobsters have large claws and fangs, and LOCK, n. [Sax. loc or loce, an inclosed place,
in the adjective, which is written loth. four pair of legs. They are said to change the fastening of a door, a tuft or curl of
The verb would be better written lothe, in their crust annually, and to be frightened hair. In the latter sense, it is the G. locke,
analogy with cloth, clothe. See Loth.] at thunder or other loud report. They D. lok, L. floceus, Eng. lock; Ir. loc, a stop,
Disliking ; unwilling; reluctant. He was constitute an article of food. hinderance; W. loc, a mound, an inclosed
loth to leave the company. [See Loth.] LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobulo.] A small lobe. place; Russ. lokon, a lock of hair; Sax.
LOATHE, t To hate; to look on with LO/€AL, a. [Fr. Sp. local; It. locale ; L. lucan, Goth. lukan, to lock ;Dan. lukke, a
LOFHE, §”” hatred or abhorrence; par- localis ; from locus, place, Sans. log ; from hedge, fence or bar ; lukker, to shut, to in-
ticularly, to feel disgust at food or drink, the root of lay, L. loco. See Lay.| close, to fasten, tolock; Fr. loquet, a latch;
either from natural antipathy, or a sickly 1. Pertaining to a place, or to a fixed or lim- Arm. licqued, or clicged, W. clicied. Lock
appetite, or from satiety, or from its ill ited portion of space. We say, the local and flock may be of one family. The pri-
taste. [See Lothe.] situation of the house is pleasant. We mary sense is to shut, to close, to press,
LOATHER, n. One that lothes. are often influenced in our opinions by lo- strain or drive, which may be the radical
LOATHFUL, a. Hating ; abhorring through cal circumstances. sense of flock, Gr. wrexw, wroxos, L. plico, as
disgust. Hubberd’s Tale. 2. Limited or confined to a spot, place, or well as of lock. But see Class Lg. No. 48.
2. Abhorred ; hated. Spenser. definite district; as a local custom. 'The and 13. 14. 16.]
LOATHING, ppr. Hating from disgust ; ab- yellow fever is local in its origin, and often - Lock, in its primary sense, is any thing
horring. | continues for a time, to be a local disease. that fastens ;but we now appropriate the
LOATHINGLY, adv. Ina fastidious man- 3. In law, local actions are such as must be word tc an instrument composed of a
ner. brought in a particular county, where the spring, wards, and a bolt of iron or steel,
LOATHLY, a. Hateful; exciting hatred.|cause arises; distinguished from transito- used to fasten doors, chests and the like.
Obs. Spenser. ry actions. Blackstone. The bolt is moved by a key.
LOATHLY, adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly. LOCALITY, x. Existence in a place, or in 2. The part of amusket or fowling-piece or
See Lothly.} a certain portion of space. other fire-arm, which contains the pan,
LOATHNESS, n. Unwillingness; reluct- It is thought that the soul and angels are de- trigger, &c. 4
ance. [See Lothness.] void of quantity and dimension, and that they 3. The barrier or works of a canal, which
LOATHSOME, a. Disgusting ; exciting dis- have nothing to do with grosser locality. confine the water, consisting of a dam,
ust. Glanville. banks or walls, with two gates or pairs of
2. ‘Hateful ; abhorred ; detestable. |
'2. Limitation to a county, district or place; gates, which may be opened or shut at
3. Causing fastidiousness. [See Lothesome.| as locality of trial. Blackstone. pleasure.
LOATHSOMENESS, n. The quality which 3. Position ; situation ; place; particularly, 4. A grapple in wrestling. Milton.
excites disgust. hatred or abhorrence. geographical place or situation, as of a 5. Any inclosure. Dryden.
Addison. mineral or plant. 6. A tuft of hair; a plexus of wool, hay or
LOAVES, plu. ofloaf. LO’€ALLY, adv. With respect to place; oer like substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of
in place ; as, to be locally separated or dis- hair.
LOB, n. [W. lob, allied to lubber, looby, A lock of hair will draw more than a cable
club, &c. Qu. G. laff] tant.
rope. Grew.
1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person. LO/€ATE, v. t. [L. loco, locatus ; It. locare.|
Lock of water, is the measure equal to the
2. Something thick and heavy; as in lob- 1. To place; to set in a particular spot or contents of the chamber of the locks by
worm. Walton. position.
which the consumption of water on a ca-
LOB, v. t. To let fall heavily or lazily. . To select, survey and settle the bounds of nal is estimated.
And their poor jades a particular tract of land ; or to designate LOCK’-KEEPER, 2x.
One who attends
Lob down their heads. Shak. a portion ofland by limits ; as, to locate a the locks of a canal.
LO'BATE, [from Jlobe.] Consisting of, tract of a hundred acres in a particular,
LO'BED, §™ lobes. In botany, divided to township. U. States. LOCK’-PADDLE, n. A small sluse that
serves to fill and empty a lock.
the middle into parts distant from each 3. To designate and determine the place of ; LOCK’-SIL, n. An angular piece oftimber
other, with convex margins. Martyn. as, a committee was appointed to locate
at the bottom of a lock, against which the
LOB/BY, n. [Qu. G. laube, an arbor or a church or a court house. V. England. gates shut.
bower. ] LO’CATED, pp. Placed; situated; fixed in LOCK’-WEIR, n. A paddle-weir, in canals,
. An opening before a room, or an en- place. an over-fall behind the upper gates, by
trance into a principal apartment, where LO’/CATING, ppr. Placing; designating which the waste water of the upper pound
there isa considerable space between that) the place of. is let down through the paddle-holes into
and the portico or vestibule. Encyc. LOCA‘TION, n. The act of placing, or of| the chamber ofthe lock. C.
- Asmall hall or waiting room. Encye. designating the place of. LOCK, v. t. To fasten with a particular in-
. A small apartment taken from a hall or (2. Situation with respect to place. The lo- strument; as, to lock a door; to lock a
entry. cation of the city on a large river is favor- trunk.
. In a ship, an apartment close before the able for commerce. 2. To shut up or confine, as with a lock;
captain’s cabin. Cyc. 3. That whichis located; atract of land de- as, to be locked ina prison. Lock the se-
In agriculture, a confined place for cattle, signated in place. U. States. cret in your breast.
formed by hedges, trees or other fencing, 4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent. 3. To close fast. The frost locks up our riv-
near the farm-yard. Cyc. |LO€CH, n. [Gaelic.] A lake; a bay or arm ers.
LOBE, n. [Fr. lobe; Sp. Port. lobo; L. lo- of the sea; used in Scotland. 4. To embrace closely; as. to lock one in
bus; Gr. 2060s. ‘LOCH, x. Loch or lohoch, isan Arabian the arms.
1. Apart or division of the lungs, liver, &c. name for the forms of medicines called 5. To furnish with locks, as a canal.
2. The lower soft part ofthe ear. eclegmas, lambatives, linctures, and the 6. To confine; to restrain. Our shipping
3. A division ofa simple leaf. like. Quincy. was locked up by the embargo.
4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed. |LOCH/AGE, n. [Gr. aozayos ;roxos, a body 7. In fencing, to seize the sword-arm of an
LO’/BED, a. Lobate, which see. of soldiers, and aye, to lead.] antagonist, by turning the left arm around
LOBSPOUND, n. A prison. Hudibras. In Greece, an officer who commanded a lo- it, after closing the parade, shell to shell,
LOB'STER, n. [Sax. loppestre or lopystre. chus or cohort, the number of men in in order to disarm him. Cyc.
The first syllable coincides with Sax. which is not certainly known. Mitford.| LOCK, v.i. To become fast. The door
lobbe, a spider, and with loppe, a flea; LOCHE. [See Loach.} locks close.
 LOD LOD LOG
2. To unite closely by mutual insertion ; as, erty of taking a direction to the north and Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow.
they lock into each other. _ Boyle. south, a property of inestimable utility in Pope.
LOCK‘AGE, n. Materials for locks in a ca- navigation and surveying. . Place ofresidence.
nal. Gallatin. 2. A name given by Cornish miners to a Fair bosom—the lodging of delight.
2. Works which form a lock on a canal. species of stones, called also tin-stones; a Spenser.
: Journ. of Science. compound ofstones and sand, of different 3. Harbor ; cover; place ofrest. Sidney.
3. Toll paid for passing the locks of a ca- kinds and colors. Nicholson. 4. Convenience for repose at night.
nal, LODG’ABLE, a. Capable of affording a ; Sidney.
LOCK‘ED, pp. Made fast by a lock; fur- temporary abode. [.Vot used.] LODG/MENT, n. [Fr. logement.] The act
nished with a lock or locks; closely em- LODGE, v. t. [Fr. loger, to lodge; It. loggia, of lodging, or the state of being lodged; a
braced. a lodge; alloggiare, to lodge ; Sp. alojar; being placed or deposited at rest for keep-
LOCK’ER, n. A close place, as a drawer Arm. logea; Dan. logerer. The sense is ing for a time or for permanence.
or an apartment ina ship; that may be to set or throw down. In Sax. logian is 2. Accumulation or collection of something
closed with a lock. to compose, to deposit or lay up, also to deposited or remaining at rest.
A shot-locker is a strong frame of plank near repair; Russ. laju, to lay, to put. It is 3. In military affairs, an encampment made
the pump-well in the hold, where shot probably allied to lay.] by an army.
are deposited. Mar. Dict. . To set, lay or deposit for keeping or pres- 4. A work cast up by besiegers, during their
LOCK’ET, x. [Fr. loquet.] Asmall lock ; a ervation, for a longer or shorter time. The} approaches, in some dangerous post which
catch or spring to fasten a necklace or men lodged their arms in the arsenal. they have gained, and where it is necessa-
other ornament. Johnson. 2. To place; to plant; to infix. ry to secure themselves against the ene-
LOCK’RAM, n. A sort of coarse linen. He lodged an arrow in a tender breast. my’s fire. Cyc.
Hanmer. Addison, LOFFE, v. 7. To laugh. [ot used.]
LOCK’SMITH, n. An artificer whose oc- 3. To fix; to settle in the heart, mind or Shak.
cupation is to make locks. memory. LOFT, x. [{Dan. loft, Sax. lyfte, the air,
LOCK’Y, a. Having locks or tufts. I can give no reason an arch, vault or ceiling ; probably allied
Sherwood. More than a lodged hate— Shak. to lift, Dan. lofter. Qu. Gr. r0p05.]
4. To furnish with a temporary habitation, 1. Properly, an elevation; hence, ina build-
LO€OMO'TION, n. [L. locus, place, and or with an accommodation for a night.
motio, motion. ] ing, the elevation of one story or floor
He lodged the prince a month, a week, or above another; hence, a floor above
1. The act of moving from place to place. a night. [The word usually denotes a
Brown. another; as the second loft; third loft ;
short residence, but for no definite time.] fourth loft. Spenser seems to have used the
2. The power of moving from place to place. 5. To harbor ; to cover.
Most animals possess locomotion ; plants word for the highest floor or top, and this
The deer is lodged. Addison. may have been its original signification.
have life, but not locomotion. 6. To afford place to; to contain for keep-
LO€OMO'TIVE, a. Moving from place to 2. A high room or place. P. ope.
ing. LOFT ILY, adv. [from lofty.] On high ; in
place; changing place, or able to change “The memory can /odge a greater store ofim-
place ; as a locomotive animal. Most ani-
an elevated place.
ages, than the senses can present at one time. 2. Proudly ; haughtily.
mals are distinguished from plants by their Cheyne.
locomotive faculty. 7. 'To throw in or on; as, to lodge a ball or a They are corrupt and speak wickedly con-
Locomotive engine, a steam engine employed bomb in a fort. cerning oppression ; they speak loftily. Ps.
XX1.
in land carriage ; chiefly on railways. 8. To throw down; to lay flat.
LOCOMOTIVITY, n. The power of chang- Our sighs, and they shall lodge the summer 3. With elevation of language, diction or
ing place. Bryant. corn. Shak. sentiment; sublimely.
LO€’ULAMENT, x. [L. loculamentum, trom LODGE, v. i. To reside; to dwell; to rest My lowly verse may loftily arise. Spenser.
locus, loculus.] in a place. 4. In an elevated attitude. A horse carries
In botany, the cell of a pericarp in which the And lodge such daring souls in little men. his head loftily.
seed is lodged. A pericarp is unilocular, Pope. LOFT/INESS, n. Highth ; elevation in place
bilocular, &e. Martyn. 2. To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, or position; altitude; as the loftiness of a
LO’€UST, n. [L. locusta.] An insect of the a week, a month. We lodged a night at mountain.
genus Gryllus. These insects are at times the Golden Ball. We lodged a week at 2. Pride; haughtiness.
so numerous in Africa and the S. of Asia, the City Hotel. Soldiers lodge in tents in Augustus and Tiberius had /oftiness enough
as to devour every green thing, and when summer, and in huts in winter. Fowls in their tempers— Collier.
they migrate, they fly in an immense lodge on trees or rocks.
3. To fall flat,as grain. Wheat and oats on 3. Elevation of attitude or mien ; as loftiness
cloud. of carriage.
LO’CUST, n. A name of several plants and strong land are apt to lodge.
4. Sublimity; elevation of diction or senti-
trees ;as a species of Melianthus, and of LODGE, x. A small house in a park or for-
Ceratonia. est, for a temporary place of rest at night ;) ment. ‘
Three poets in three distant ages born:
LO’CUST-TREE, n. A tree of the genus a temporary habitation ; a hut. The first in loftiness of thought surpass’d ;
Hymenza, and another of the genus Ro- Sidney. Shak. The next in majesty ; in both the ast.
binia. The Honey-Locust-tree, is of the 2. A small house or tenement appended to Dryden.
genus Gleditsia. a larger ; as a porter’s lodge. LOFT’Y, a. Elevated in place; high; asa
3. Aden; acave; any place where a wild lofty tower ; a lofty mountain. [But it ex-
LODE, n. [from Sax. ledan, to lead.] beast dwells.
J. Among miners, a metallic vein, or any LODGED, pp. Placed at rest; deposited; presses more than high, or at least is more
regular vein or course, whether metallic emphatical, poetical and elegant.]
infixed ; furnished with accommodations See lofty Lebanon his head advance.
or not, but commonly a metallic vein. for a night or other short time; laid flat.
Encyc. Cyc. LODG/ER, x. One who lives at board,or in Pope.
2. A cut or reach of water. Cyc. 2. Elevated in condition or character.
a hired room, or who has a bed in anoth- Thus saith the high and lofty One, that in-
LO’DE-STONE, n. [from the verb to lead, er’s house for a night.
and stone. } s habiteth eternity, whose name is Holy— Is,
2. One that resides in any place for a time. \vii.
i. A magnet, an ore of iron; a stone found Pope. 3. Proud; haughty; as lofty looks. Is. ii.
in iron mines, of a dark or black lead co- LODGING, ppr. Placing at rest ;deposit-
. Elevated in sentiment or diction; sub-
lor, and of considerable hardness and ing; furnishing lodgings. lime; as lofty strains; lofty rhyme.
weight. It attracts iron filings, and com- 2. Resting fora night; residing fora time.
municates to iron the same property of at- LODG‘ING, n. A place of rest for a night, 5. Stately :dignified ; as lofty steps. Milton.
traction. But its peculiar value consists or of residence for a time ;temporary hab- LOG, n. [This word is probably allied to D.
in its communicating to a needle the prop- itation ;apartment. log, logge, heavy, dull, sluggish ;a sense
 LOG LOG LOL
yetained in water-logged ; and to lug, lug- LOGARITHMET‘'Ie, Pertaining to \Contention in words merely, or rather a
gage, perhaps to clog.| LOGARITHMET'ICAL, a. logarithms ; contention about words; a war of words.
—_ ‘A bulky piece or stick of timber unhew- LOGARITH MIé€, consisting0 Howell.
ed. Pine logs are floated down rivers in logarithms. Encyc. Lavoisier. LOGOMET’RIE€, a. [Gr. Aoyos, ratio, and
America, and stopped at saw-mills. A LOG’GATS, n. The name of a play or Metpew, to measure. |
piece of timber when hewed or squared, game, the same as is now called kittle-pins. A logometric scale is intended to measure or
is not called a log, unless perhaps in con- It was prohibited by Stat. 33, Henry VIL.) ascertain chimical equivalents.
structing log-huts. [Not in use.] Hanmer.}) Wollaston.
9 In navigation, a machine for measuring LOG/GERHEAD, n. {log and head.) A ‘LOG/WOOD, n. A species of tree and wood,
the rate of a ship’s velocity through He blockhead ; a dunce; a dolt ; a thick-skull. called also Campeachy-wood, from the
water. The common log is a piece 0 bay of Campeachy in Spanish America,
Shak. of the genus Hematoxylon, of which
board, forming the quadrant of a circle of] 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a long han-
about six inches radius, balanced by a Mar. Dict.)
there is one speciesonly. This tree hasa
dle; used to heat tar. crooked, deformed stem, growing to the
small plate of lead nailed on the circular To fall to loggerheads, ; to come to blows;
part, so as to swim perpendicular. highth of 20 or 24 feet, with crooked ir-
To go to loggerheads, to fall to fighting regular branches, armed with strong
Mar. Dict. without weapons. LD Estrange. thorns. The wood is of a firm texture
3. [Heb. 35.] A Hebrew measure ofliquids, LOG/GERHEADED, a. Dull; stupid; dolt- and ared color. It is much used in dye-
containing, according to some authors, ish. Shak. ing. Encye.
three quarters ofa pint; according to oth-
ers, five sixths of a pint. According to Ar-
LOG‘I€, n. [Fr. logique; It. logica; L. id.; LO/HO€H, 2, {Ar.] A medicine ofa mid-
from the Gr. royixn, from Aoyos, reason, \LO/HOCK, “dle consistence between a
buthnot, it was the seventy second part soft electuary and asyrup. [See Loch.]
of the bath or ephah, and the twelfth part aeya, to speak. |
Encye.
ofa hin. Johnson. Enncyc. The art of thinking and reasoning justly.
Logic is the art of using reason well in our LOIN, n. [Sax. lend; G. D. lende ;Sw. lind;
LOG, v. i. To move to and fro. [ot used.] inquiries after truth, and the communication of} Dan. lend; W. clun; Arm. lenenn or
Polwhele. it to others. Watts. loinch; Ir. lwan or bleun; L. clunis.]
LOG/-BOARD, n. In navigation, two boards, Logic may be defined, the science or history The loins are the space on each side of the
shutting like a book, and divided into col- of the human mind, as it traces the pro- vertebrae, between the lowest of the false
umns, containing the hours of the day and gress of our knowledge from our first con- ribs and the upper portion of the os ilium
night, direction of the wind, course of the ceptions through their different combina- or haunch bone, or the lateral portions of
ship, &c., from which is formed the log- tions, and the numerous deductions that the lumbar region; called also the reins.
book. Mar. Dict. result from comparing them with one an- LOIT’ER, v. i. [D. leuteren; Russ. leitayu
LOG’/-BOOK, n. A book into which are trans- other. Encye. or letayu. Qu. its alliance to late and let.)
cribed the contents of the log-board. Correct reasoning implies correct thinking To linger; to be slow in moving; to delay;
Mar. Dict. and legitimate inferences from premises, to be dilatory ;to spend time idly.
which are principles assumed or admitted If we have loitered, let us quicken our pace.
LOG’'-HOUSE, A house or hut hos Rogers.
LOG’-HUT, :”- walls are composed o to be just. Logic then includes the art of LOIT’ERER, n. A lingerer; one that de-
logs laid on each other. thinking, as well as the art of reasoning. lays or is slow in motion; an idler; one
W.
LOG’-LINE, n. A line or cord about a hun-
The purpose of logic is to direct the intellect-
that is sluggish or dilatory.
dred and fifty fathoms in length, fastened ual powers in the investigation of truth, and in Ever listless loiterers, that attend
to the log by means of two legs. This is the communication of it to others. Hedge. No cause, no trust, no duty and no friend.
wound on a reel, called the log-reel. Pope.
Encyc. Mar. Dict. LOG/I€AL, a. Pertaining to logic ; used in LOIT’ERING, ppr. Lingering; delaying;
logic ; as logical subtilties. Hooker. moving slowly.
LOG’-REEL, n. A reel in the gallery of a 2. According to the rules of logic; as a log-
ship, on which the log-line is wound. LOKE, n. [Qu. Ir. loch, dark; Gr. avy,
ical argument or inference. This reason- darkness. | i
Encyc. Mar. Dict. ing is strictly logical.
LOG/ARITHM, xn. [Fr. logarithme ; Gr. 3. Skilled in logic ; versed in the art of think-
1. Inthe Scandinavian mythology, the evil
deity, the author of all calamities ; answer-
novos, ratio, and apeduos, number.) ing and reasoning; discriminating; as a ing to the Arimanes of the Persians.
Logarithms are the exponents of a series of logical head. Spectator. Mallet. Edda.
powers and roots. Day. LOGI€ALLY, adv. According to the rules 2. A close narrow lane. [Local.]
The logarithm of anumber is that exponent of logic ;as, to argue logically.
of some other number, which renders the ‘LOGI’CIAN, n. A person skilled in logic, or LOLL, v. i. [Eth. HADMAD alolo, to
power of the latter, denoted by the expo- the art of reasoning. thrust out the tongue. The sense of this
nent, equal to the former. Cye. Each fierce logician still expelling Locke. word is to throw, to send. Hence it co-
When the logarithms form a series in arith- Pope. incides with the Gr. 2a2¢@, W. Uoliaw, to
metical progression, the corresponding LOGIS’TI¢€, a. Relating to sexagesimal speak, to prate, Dan. laller, G. lallen. It
natural numbers form a series in geomet- fractions. Cyc. coincides also with lull, to appease, that is,
rical progression. Thus, LOG/MAN, n. A man who carries logs. to throw down.]
Logarithms Ole 3 4 5 Shak. . To recline; to lean; properly, to throw
Natural numbers, 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 9. One whose occupation is to cut and con- one’s self down; hence, to lie at ease.
The addition and subtraction of logarithms vey logs toa mill. [Local } U. States. Void of care he Jolls supine in state.
answer to the multiplication and division LOGOGRAPH 'IEé, in Pertaining to lo- Dryden.
of their natural numbers. In like manner, LOGOGRAPH ICAL, § ~ gography. To suffer the tongue to hang extended
involution is performed by multiplying the from the mouth, as an ox or a dog when
logarithm of any number by the number LOGOG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. aoyos, a word, and
heated with labor or exertion.
denoting the required power; and evolu-|| | ypape, to write.]
tion, by dividing the logarithm by the ‘A method of printing, in which a type rep-
The triple porter of the Stygian seat,
resents a word, instead of forming a letter. With lolling tongue lay fawning at his feet.
number denoting the required root. Encye. ’ Dryden.
Logarithms are the invention of Baron LOLL, v. t. To thrust out, as the tongue.
Napier, lord of Marchiston in Scotland; LOG/OGRIPHE, n. [Gr. royos and ypupos. |
A sort of riddle. Obs. B. Jonson. Fieree tigers couched around, and lolled
but the kind now in use, were invented by their tongues. Dryden.
Henry Briggs, professor of geometry in LOGOM/A€HIST, x. One who contends
Gresham college, at Oxford. They are about words. E. T. Fitch. LOLL’ARD, n. [Qu. G. lallen, lollen, to prate
extremely useful in abridging the labor of, LOGOM/A€HY, n. [Gr. aroyos, word, and or to sing.]
wigonometrical calculations. hazy, contest, altercation. ] The Lollards were a sect of early reformers
 LON LON LON
- in Germany and England, the followers ofj direction of length; opposed to short, and |LONGANIM ITY, n. [L. longanimitas ;
Wickliffe. contradistinguished from broad or wide. || longus, long, and animus, mind.]
LOLL‘/ARDY, n. The doctrines of the Loll- Long is a relative term; for a thing may ||Forbearance ; patience; disposition to en-
ards. be long in respect to one thing, igs;
"4 and short || dure long under offenses.

LOLL‘ING, ppr. Throwing down or out; re- with respect to another. We apply long! Brown. Howell.
clining at ease; thrusting out the tongue. to things greatly extended, and to things |LONG/BOAT, n. The largest and strongest
LOMBARD ‘I€, a. Pertaining to the Lom- which exceed the common measure. We) boat belonging to a ship. Mar. Dict.
bards; an epithet applied to one of the an- say, along way, a long distance, a long LON’GER, a. [comp. of long.] More long;
}
cient alphabets derived from the Roman, line, and long hair, long arms. By the lat- | of greater length ; as a longer course.
and relating to the manuscripts of Italy. ter terms, we mean hair and arms exceed- |LON’GER, adv. For a greater duration.
Astle. ing the usual length. This evil can be endured no longer.
LO'MENT, n. [L. lomentum.] An elongated 3~ Drawn out or extended in time; as along |LON/GEST, a. Of the greatest extent; as
pericarp, Which never bursts. It consists, time ; along period of time ; a long while ; the longest line.
like the legume, of two valves, with the along series of events; a long sickness |LON’GEST, adv. For the greatest contin-
seeds attached to the under suture, but is or confinement ; a long session ; along de- uance of time. They who live longest, are
divided into small cells, each containing a bate. most convinced of the vanity of life.
single seed. Ed. Encye. 3 . Extended to any certain measure ex- LONGE'VAL, a. [L. longus and avum.}
LOMENTA/CEOUS, a. [L. lomentum, bean pressed ; asa span long; a yard long; a Long lived. Pope.
meal, a color.] mile long, that is, extended to the measure LONGEVITY, x. [L. longevitas ; longus,
Furnished with aloment. The lomentacee ofa mile, &c. long, and evum, age.]
are a natural order of plants, many of . Dilatory: continuing for an extended Length or duration oflife ; more generally,
which furnish beautiful tinctures or dyes, time. great length oflife.
and whose seeds are contained in a loment Death will not be long in coming. Ecclus. The instances of longevity are chiefly among
or legume. Lanne. Tedious ; continued to a great length. the abstemious. Arbuthnot.
A tale should never be too long. Prior.| LONGE'VOUS, a. [L. longevus, supra.]
LOM’ONITE, nv. Laumonite, or di-prismat-
ic zeolite. Ure. Continued in a series to a great extent 3)| Living a long time; of great age.
LOMP, n. A kind of roundish fish. as a long succession of princes; a long line LONG’/-HEADED, a. Having a great extent
Johnson. > of ancestors. of thought.
LON’'DONISM, n. A mode of speaking pe- (. Continued in sound; protracted; as a LONGIM’ANOUS, a. [L. longus, long, and
culiar to London. Pegge. long note; a long syllable. manus, hand.] Having long hands.
LONE, a. [Dan. lén, a corner, nook, a lurk- 8. Continued; lingering or longing. : Brown.
ing place, secrecy ; lénlig, Sw. linnlig, pri- Praying for him, and casting a Jong look that LONGIMWETRY, xn. [L. longus, long, and
vate, close, clandestine. The radical sense way, he saw the galley leave the pursuit. || Gr. werpov, measure. }
Sidney. The art or practice of measuring distances
is probably to separate, or rather to with-
9. Extensive; extending far in prospect or, or lengths, whether accessible or inaccess-
draw or retire, and the word may be allied
into futurity. || ible. Encyc.
to Fr. loin. If alone is composed of all The perennial existence of bodies corporate
and one, which the Teutonic dialects indi- |LONG'ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring ; hay-
and their fortunes, are things particularly suited ing a craving or preternatural appetite.
cate, it has no connection with lone.] to a man who has long views. Burke.
~—. Solitary; retired; unfrequented ; having Long home, the grave or death. Eccles. xii. LONG’ING, n. An eager desire; a craving
no company. or preternatural appetite.
And leave you in lone woods or empty walls. LONG, n. Formerly, a musical note equal to LONG'INGLY, adv. With eager wishes or
Pope. two breves. Obs. appetite.
2. Single; standing by itself; not having LONG, adv. To a great extent in space; as LONGIN’QUITY, n. [L. longinquttas.]
others in the neighborhood; as a lone a long extended line. Great distance, Barrow.
house. Pope 2. To a great extent in time; as, they that |LONG/ISH, a. Somewhat long; moder-
3. Single; unmarried, or in widowhood. tarry long at the wine. Prov. xxiii. ately long.
Shak. ‘When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. xix. LON’GITUDE, x. [L. longitudo, from lon-
LONE, x. A lane. [Local.] So in composition we say, long-expect- 1 gus, long. |
LO/’NELINESS, 2. Solitude ; retirement : ed, long-forgot. . Properly, length; as the longitude of a
seclusion from company. He was weary 3. Ata point of duration far distant, either room; butin this sense not now used. Ap-
of the loneliness of his habitation. prior or posterior ; as notlong before ; not propriately, in geography,
2, Love of retirement; disposition to soli- long after ;long before the foundation of} 2. The distance of any place on the globe
tude. Rome; long after the conquest of Gaul by from another place, eastward or west-
I see Julius Cesar. ward; or the distance of any place
The mystery of your loneliness. Shak. 4. Through the whole extent or duration of. from a given meridian. Boston, in Mas-
LONELY, a. Solitary; retired; sequester- The God who fed me all my life long to this sachusetts, is situated in the 71st degree
ed from company or neighbors; as a lonely day. Gen. xlviii. of longitude west from Greenwich. To
situation; a lonely cell. Dryden. The bird of dawning singeth all night Jong. be able to ascertain precisely the longi-
2. Solitary; as the lonely traveler. Spenser. tude of a ship at sea, is a great desidera-
3. Addicted to solitude or seclusion from LONG, adv. [Sax. gelang, cause or fault. tum in navigation.
company. Rowe. Qu. belonging to, as the cause.] 3. The longitude of a star, is its distance
LO/NENESS, x. Solitude; seclusion. By means of; by the fault of; owing to. Obs. from the equinoctial points, or the begin-
Donne. Mistress, all this evilis long of you. Shak. ning of Aries or Libra. Bailey.
LO/NESOME, a. Solitary; secluded from LONG, v. t. To belong. [Not used.] LONGITUDINAL, a. Pertaining to longi-
society. Chaucer. tude or length ; as longitudinal distance.
How horrid will these lonesome seats appear ! LONG, v. i. [Sax. langian, with efter. We 2. Extending in length; running length-
Blackmore. now say, to long after, or tolong for. 'The wise, as distinguished from transverse or
LO'NESOMENESS, 2. The state of being sense is to reach or stretch toward.] across ; as the longitudinal diameter of a
solitary; solitude. 1. To desire earnestly or eagerly. body. The longitudinal suture of the
LONG, a. [Sax. long, lang and leng; G. I long to see you. Rom. i. head runs between the coronal and Jam-
lange; D. Dan. lang; Sw. ling; Goth. I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. doidal sutures. Bailey.
laggs; L. longus; It. lungo; Fr. long. I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. exix. LONGITUDINALLY, adv. In the direc-
The Gothic word seems to connect this 2. To have a preternatural craving appe- tion oflength.
word with lag, in the sense of drawing out, tite; as a longing woman. Some of the fibers of the human body are
whence delaying. ] 3. To have an eager appetite ; as, to long for placed longitudinally, others transversely.
1. Extended; drawn out ina line, or in the fruit. Encyce.
Vol. Il. g
 LOO LOO LOO
LONG’LEGGED, a. Having long legs. 1. To direct the eye towards an object, with|| My subject does not oblige me to look after
LONG‘LIVED, a. Having a long life or ex- the intention ofseeing it. the water, or point forth the place whereunto it
istence ; living long ; lasting long. When the object is within sight, look is has now retreated. Woodward.
LONG'LY, adv. With longing desire. [Vot usually followed by on or at. We look on To look for, to expect ; as, to look for news by
used. Shak. or at a picture ; we look on or at the moon; the arrival of a ship.
LONG-MEASURE, x. Lineal measure; we cannot look on or at the unclouded sun, Look now for no enchanting voice.
the measure oflength. without pain. Milton.
LONG’‘NESS, n. Length. [Little used.] It, after look, is not used in our version 2. To seek; to search; as, to look for lost
LONG-PRIM’ER, n. A printing type ofa of the Scriptures. In common usage, at money, or lost cattle.
particular size, between small pica and or on is now used indifferently in many To look into, to inspect closely; to observe
bourgeois. cases, and yet in other cases, usage has narrowly ; to examine ; as, to look into the
LONG’/SHANKED, a. Having long legs. established a preference. In general, on works of nature ; to look into the conduct
Burton. is used in the more solemn forms of ex- of another ; to look into one’s affairs.
LONG-SIGHT,n. Long-sightedness. Good. pression. Moses was afraid to look on E mee things the angels desire to look into
etat.
LONG-SIGHTED, a. Able to see at a great God. The Lord look on you and judge. To look on, to regard; to esteem.
distance ; used literally of the eyes, and In these and similar phrases, the use ofat Her friends would look on her the worse.
figuratively of the mind or intellect. d would be condemned, as expressing too Prior.
LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, n. The faculty 0 little solemnity. 2. To consider; to view; to conceive of; to
seeing objects at a great distance. In some cases, af seems to be more think.
2. In medicine, presbyopy; that defect of properly used before very distant objects ; I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic wri-
sight by which objects near at hand are but the cases can hardly be defined. ter. Dryden.
seen confusedly, but at remoter distances The particular direction of the eye is 3. To bea mere spectator.
distinctly. Hooper. expressed by various modifying words; as, Pll be a candle-holder and look on. Shak.
LONG’‘SOME, a. Extended in length ; tire-| to look down, to look up, to look back, to To look over, to examine one by one; as, to
some ; tedious; as a longsome plain. Obs. look forward, to look from, to look rownd, to look over a catalogue of books; to look
Prior. look out, to look under. When the object over accounts.
LONG/SPUN, a. Spun or extended to a! is not in sight, look is followed by after, or To overlook, has a different sense, to pass
great length. Addison. for. Hence, to look after, or look for, is over without seeing.
LONG-SUF’FERANCE, n. Forbearance to equivalent to seek or search, or to expect. To look out, to be on the watch. The sea-
punish ; clemency ; patience. 2. Tosee; to have the sight or view of. man looks out for breakers.
Com. Prayer. Fate sees thy life lodged in a brittle glass, To look to, or unto, to watch; to take care of.
LONG-SUF’FERING, a. Bearing injuries And looks it through, but to it cannot pass. Look well to thy herds. Prov. xxvii.
or provocation for a long time; patient; Dryden. 2. To resort to with confidence or expecta-
not easily provoked. 3. To direct the intellectual eye; to apply tion of receiving something ; to expect to
The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long- the mind or understanding ; to consider; receive from. The creditor may look to
suffering and abundant in goodness. Ex. to examine. Look at the conduct of this the surety for payment.
XXXIV. man; view itinallits aspects. Let every Look ta me and be ye saved, all the ends of
LONG-SUF’FERING, n. Long endurance ; man /ook into the state of his own heart. theearth. Is. xlv.
patience of offense. Let us look beyond the received notions of To look through, to penetrate with the eye,
Despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and men on this subject. or with the understanding; to see or un-
forbearance, and long-suffering? Rom. ii. 4. 'To expect. derstand perfectly.
LONG’-TONGUED, a. Rating; babbling. LOOK, v. t. To seek; to search for.
Shak. He must look to fight another battle, before Looking my love, I go from place to place.
he could reach Oxford. [Little used.]
LONGWAYS, a mistake for longwise. Obs. Spenser.
Clarendon.
LONG-WIND’ED, a. Long breathed ; tedi- 5. To take care; to watch. 2. To influence by looks or presence; as, to
ous in speaking, argument or narration; look down opposition.
as a long-winded advocate. Look that ye bind them fast. Shak. A spirit fit to start into an empire,
LONG!-WISE, adv. In the direction of 6. To be directed. And look the world to law. Dryden.
To look out, to search for and discover. Look
length; lengthwise. [Little used.} Let thine eyes look righton. Prov. iv.
Hakewill. 7. To seem; to appear; to havea particular out associates of good reputation.
LO’/NISH, a. Somewhat solitary. [ot appearance. he patient looks better than To look one another in the face, to meet for
used and inelegant.| he did. The clouds look rainy. ‘combat. 2 Kings xiv.
LOO, n. A game at cards. Pope. Tam afraid it would look more like vanity LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite
LOOB'ILY, adv. [See Looby.| Like a than gratitude. Addison. attention or notice. Look ye, look you;
looby ; inan awkward, clumsy manner. Observe how such a practice looks in another that is, see, behold, observe, take notice.
DLEstrange. person. Watts.) LOOK, n. Cast of countenance; air of the
LOOB’Y, n. [W. llabi, a tall lank person, a So we say, to look stout or big; to look! face; aspect; as, a high look is an index
looby, a lubber, a clumsy fellow ; Ulob, a peevish; to look pleasant or graceful. of pride ;_ a downeast look indicates mod-
blockhead, an unwieldy lump.] An awk- 8. To have a particular direction or situa- esty, bashfulness, or depression of mind.
ward, clumsy fellow ; a lubber. tion; to face; to front. Pain, disgrace and poverty have frightful
The gate that looketh toward the north. looks. Locke.
Who could give the looby such airs? Swift.)
Ezek. viii. 2. The act of looking or seeing. Every look
LOOF, n. The after part of a ship’s bow, or! The east gate of the Lord’s house, that looketh filled him with anguish.
the part where the planks begin to be in- eastward. Ezek. xi. 3. View; watch. Swinburne.
curvated, as they approach the stem. To look about, to look on all sides, or in dif- LOOK’ER, x. One who looks.
Mar. Dict. ferent directions. A looker on, a mere spectator; one that looks
LOOF. [See Luff, which is the word used.| To look about one, to be on the watch; to be on, but has no agency or interest in the
LOOF’ED, a. [See Aloof.]| Gone to a dis- vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded. affair.
tance. [JVot used.] Shak. Arbuthnot. LOOK/ING-GLASS, n. A glass which re-
LOOK, v.72. [Sax. locian; G. lugen ; Sans. To look after, to attend ; to take care of; as, flects the form of the person who looks on
lokhan. It is perhaps allied to W. lygu, to to look afler children. it; a mirror.
appear, to shine. See Light. The pri- 2. To expect; to be ina state of expecta- There is none so homely but loves a looking-
mary sense is to stretch, to extend, to tion. lass. South.
shoot, hence to direct the eye. We ob- Men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for LOOK’/-OUT, n. A careful looking or wateh-
serve its primary sense is nearly the same looking after those things which are coming on ing for any object or event. Mar. Dict.
as that of seek. Hence, to look for is to the earth. Luke xxi. LOOL, n. In metallurgy, a vessel used to re-
seek.| \3. To seek; to search, ceive the washings ot ores of metals.. Encye:
 LOO LOO LOP
LOOM, n. [Sax.loma, geloma, utensils.] In Canst thou loose the bands of Orion? Job LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint; lib-
composition, heir-loom, in law, is a person- XXXViii. erty.
al chattel that by special custom descends Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; Come, give thy soul a loose. Dryden.
to an heir with the inheritance, being loose them, and bring them to me. Matt. xxi. Vent allits griefs, and give a loose to sorrow.
such a thing as cannot be separated from . To relax. Addison.
the estate, without injury to it; such as The joints ofhis loins were loosed. Dan. v. We use this word only in the phrase, give a
jewels of the crown, charters, deeds, and 3. To release from imprisonment; to liber- loose. The following use of it, “he runs
the like. Blackstone, ate ; to set at liberty. with an unbounded loose,” is obsolete.
2. A frame or machine of wood or other ma- The captive exile hasteneth that he may be Prior.
terial, in which a weaver works threads loosed. Is. li. LOOS’ED, pp. Untied; unbound; freed
into cloth. To free from obligation. from restraint.
Hector, when he sees Andromache over- Art thou loosed from a wife ? seek not a wife. LOOSELY, adv. loos‘ly. Not fast ; not firmly ;
whelmed with terror, sends her for consolation 1 Cor. vii. that may be easily disengaged; as things
to the Joom and the distaff. Rambler. To free from any thing that binds or loosely tied or connected.
3. [Dan. lom or loom, G. lohme.] A fowl o shackles ;as a man loosed from lust and 2. Without confinement.
the size of a goose. pelf. Dryden. Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed
About her ears. Spenser.
4, That part of an oar which is within 6. To relieve; to free from any thing bur- 3. Without union or connection.
board. Mar. Dict. densome or afflictive.
Part loosely wing the region. Milton.
LOOM, v.%. [Qu. Sax. leoman, to shine, Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity.
4. Irregularly ; not with the usual restraints.
from leoma,a beam of light. This does Luke xiii.
A bishop living loosely, was charged that his
not give the exact sense of the word as | . To disengage; to detach; as, to loose conversation was not according to the apostle’s
now used.] one’s hold. lives. Camden.
To appear above the surface either of sea 3. To put off. 5. Negligently ; carelessly ;heedlessly ; as a
or land, or to appear larger than the real Loose thy shoe from off thy foot. Josh. v.
mind loosely employed. Locke.
dimensions and indistinctly ; as a distant . To open. 6. Meanly; slightly.
object, a ship at sea, ora mountain. The Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose A prince should not be so loosely studied, as
ship looms large, or the land looms high. the seals thereof? Rev. vy.
to remember so weak a composition. Shak.
Mar. Dict. 10. To remit; to absolve. 7. Wantonly ; dissolutely ; unchastely.
LOOM'-GALE, n. A gentle gale of wind. Whatsoever thou shalt Joose on earth, shall be Pope.
Encye. loosed in heaven. Matt. xvi. LOOS'EN, v. t. loos'n. [from loose, or it is
LOOMING, ppr. Appearing above the sur- LOOSE, v. 7. To set sail; to leave a port or the Saxon infinitive retained. |
face, or indistinctly, at a distance. harbor. \l. To free from tightness, tension, firmness
Now when Paul and his company loosed from
LOON, n. [Scot.loun or loon. Qu. Sax.| Paphos, they came to Perga, in Pamphylia. or fixedness; as, to loosen a string when
lun, needy, or Ir. liun, sluggish.] Acts xiii. tied, or a knot; to loosen a joint; to loosen
1. A sorry fellow; a rogue; a rascal. LOOSE, a. [Goth.laus; D. los, losse; G.|| a rock in the earth.
Dryden. Shak. los; Dan. lés; Sw. lis. .Qu. W. les, 2. To render less dense or compact; as, to
2. A sea-fowl of the genus Colymbus. [Ice. loose, lax.] loosen the earth about the roots of a tree.
lunde.] 1. Unbound ; untied; unsewed; not fasten- 3. To free from restraint.
LOOP, n. [Ir. lubam, to bend or fold; lub, ed or confined; as the loose sheets of a It loosens his hands and assists his under-
luba, a thong, a loop.] book. standing. Dryden.
1. A folding or doubling of a string or a 2. Not tight or close ; as a loose garment. 4, 'To remove costiveness from; to facilitate
noose, through which a lace or cord may 3. Not crowded; not close or compact. or increase alvine discharges.
be run for fastening. With horse and chariots rank’d in loose array. Fear looseneth the belly. Bacon.
That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop Milton. LOOS’‘EN, v. 7. To become loose; to be-
To hang a doubt on. Shak.|| . Not dense, close or compact; as a cloth come less tight, firm or compact.
2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block or fossil of loose texture. LOOS’/ENED, pp. Freed from tightness or
of cast iron, melted off for the forge or Not close; not concise; lax; as a loose fixedness ; rendered loose.
hammer. and diffuse style. LOOSENESS, n. loos/ness. The state of
LOOP’ED, a. Full of holes. Shak. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterm- being loose or relaxed ; a state opposite to
LOOP’HOLE, nx. A small aperture in the!) inate ; as a loose way of reasoning. that of being tight, fast, fixed or compact ;
as the looseness of a cord ; the looseness of
bulk-head and other parts of a merchant - Not strict or rigid; as a loose observance
of rites. a robe; the looseness of the skin; the
ship, through which small arms are fired
at an enemy. Mar. Dict. . Unconnected ; rambling ; as a loose indi- looseness of earth, or of the texture of
gested play. : cloth.
2. A hole or aperture that gives a passage.
3. A passage for escape ; means of escape. Vario spends whole mornings in running over 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness ;
loose and unconnected pages.
Dryden. 9. Of lax bowels.
Watts. laxity ;levity; as looseness of morals or
Locke. of principles.
LOOP‘HOLED, a. Full of holes or open- 10. Unengaged; not attached or enslaved.
ings for escape. Hudibras. 3. lrregularity ; habitual deviation froin
Their prevailing principle is, to sit as loose strict rules; as looseness of life.
LOOP'ING, n. In metallurgy, the running
together of the matter of an ore into a from pleasures, and be as moderate in the use of Hayward.
them as they can. Atterbury. 4, Habitual lewdness; unchastity. Spenser.
mass, when the ore is only heated for cal-
cination. [D. loopen, to run.] Encyc. 11. Disengaged ; free from obligation; with 5. Flux from the bowels; diarrhza. Bacon.
from or of. LOOS’ENING, ppr. Freeing from tightness,
LOORD, xn. [D. ler, a clown; Fr. lourd, Now I stand tension or fixedness; rendering less com-
Sp. lerdo, heavy, dull, gross.] Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato’s|| pact. 3
A dull stupid fellow; adrone. [.Vot in use.] thought? [Little used.] Addison. \LOOSESTRIFE, n. loos'strife. In botany, the
Spenser. 12. Wanton; unrestrainedin behavior ; dis- name of several species of plants, of the
LOOSE, v. t. loos. [Sax. lysan, alysan, leosan ; genera Lysimachia, Epilobium, Lythrum,
solute: unchaste; as a loose man or wo-
Sw. lisa; D. lossen, loozen ; G. lésen ;Dan. man. and Gaura. Lee
loser ; Goth. lausyan; Gr. av, contracted ‘LOOS’ING, ppr. Setting free from confine-
from the same root. The W. llaesu, sig- 13. Containing unchaste language; as a
ment.
nifies to relax, but may be from the root of} loose epistle. Dryden.
LOP, v. t. [I know not the affinities of this
lax. These words coincide with the Ch. To break loose, to escape from confinement ; word, unless it is lob, or the W. llab, a
Syr. Ar. Heb. yon. Class Ls. No. 30.] to gain liberty by violence. Dryden.|) stroke ; abiaw, to slap or strike, or the
- To untie or unbind; to free from any To let loose, to free from restraint or confine- || Eng. flap, or Ir. lubam, to bend. The
fastening. ment; to set at liberty. Locke.| primary sense is evidently to fall or fell,
 LOR LOR LOS
or to strike down, and I think it connect- 5. A nobleman; a title of honor in Great| What lands and lordships for their owner
Britain given to those who are noble by know
ed with flap.| My quondam barber. Dryden.
a . To cut off, as the top or extreme part birth or creation ; a peer of the realm, in-
of any thing; to shorten by cutting off cluding dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts LORE, n. [Sax. lar, from the root of leran,
the extremities; as, to lop a tree or its and barons. Archbishops and bishops to learn; D. leer; G. lehre ;Dan. lere ; Sw.
branches. also, as members of the house of lords, lava.} Learning; doctrine; lesson; in-
With branches lopp’d in wood, or mountain are lords of parliament. Thus we say, struction.
fell’d. Milton. lords temporal and spiritual. By courtesy The law of nations, or the lore of war.
2, To cut off, as exuberances ; to separate, also the title is given to the sons of dukes Fairfax.
as superfluous parts. and marquises, and to the eldest sons of| Lo! Rome herself, proud mistress now ne
Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent earls. Encye. more
parts. Pope. 6. An honorary title bestowed on certain Of arts, but thundering against heathen lore.
3. To cut partly off and bend down ; as, to} Pope.
official characters; as lord advocate, lord
lop the trees or saplings of a hedge. chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief, LOR/EL, n. [Sax. leoran, to wander. ] An
4. To let fall; to flap; as, a horse lops his}, justice, &c. abandoned scoundrel; a vagrant. Obs.
| Chaucer.
ears. . In Scripture, the Supreme Being ; Jeho-
LOP, x. That which is cut from trees. vah. When Lord, inthe Old Testament, is LO’RESMAN, n. [lore and man.] An in-
Else both body and lop will be oflittle value. printed in capitals, it is the translation o structor. Obs. Gower.
Mortimer. Jenovan, and so might, with more propri- LOR/ICATE, »v. t. [L. lorico, loricatus, from
LOP, n. [Sax. loppe.] A flea. [Zocal.] ety, be rendered. The word is applied to lorica, a coat of mail.]
LOPE, pret. of leap. (Sw. lipa ;D. loopen.| Christ, Ps. ex. Col. iii, and to the Holy 1. To plate over; to spread over, as a plate
Obs. Spenser.|| Spirit, 2 Thess. iii. As a title of respect, it for defense.
LOPE, 2. [Sw. lopa, D. loopen, to run. See is applied to kings, Gen. xl. 2 Sam. xix. Nature hath loricated the sides of the tympa-
Leap.| to princes and nobles, Gen. xlii. Dan. iv. num in animals with ear-wax. Ray.
A leap; a long step. (4 word in popular to a husband, Gen. xviii. to a prophet, 1} 2. To cover with a crust, as a chimical ves-
use in America. } Kings xviii. 2 Kings ii. and to a respect- sel, for resisting fire.
LOPE, v. i. To leap; to move or run with able person, Gen. xxiv. Christ is called LOR/I€ATED, pp. Covered or plated over ;
a long step, as a dog. the Lord of glory, 1 Cor. ii. and Lord of encrusted.
LO/PING, ppr. Leaping; moving or run- lords, Rev. xix. LOR‘I€ATING, ppr. Covering over with a
ning with a long step. |LORD, v. t. To invest with the dignity and plate or crust.
LOP’PED, pp. Cut off; shortened by cut- privileges of a lord. Shak. LORICA‘TION, n. The act or operation
ting off the top or end; bent down. ‘LORD, v. 7. To domineer; to rule with ar- of covering any thing with a plate or
LOP’PER, n. One that lops. bitrary or despotic sway; sometimes fol- crust for defense; as the lorication of a
LOP’PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortening lowed by over, and sometimes by 7, in the chimical vessel, to enable it to resist the
by cutting off the extremity; letting fall. manner of a transitive verb. action of fire, and sustain a high degree
LOP’PING, n. That which is cut off. The whiles she Jordeth in licentious bliss. of heat.
LOQUA/CIOUS, a. [L. loquax, from loquor, Spenser.
LOR/IMER, n. [L. lerum, a thong ; Fr. lar-
to speak. Qu. Eng, to clack.) Talkative ; I see them lording it in London streets.
mier.|
given to continual talking. Shak.
A bridle-maker; one that makes bits for
Loquacivus, brawling, ever in the wrong. They lorded over them whom now they bridles, &c. [Jot used.] ,
Dryden. serve. Milton.
2. Speaking ; noisy. LORD/ING, n. A little lord ; a lord, in con- LO‘'RING, n. Instructive discourse. Obs.
Spenser.
Blind British bards, with volant touch, tempt or ridicule. [Little used.| Swift.
Traverse loquacious strings. Philips. LORD’LIKE, a. Becoming a lord. LO’/RIOT, n. [Fr.] A bird called witwal ;
2. Haughty ; proud; insolent. Dryden. the oriole.
3. Apt to blab and disclose secrets. LO/RIS, n. A small quadruped of Ceylon.
LOQUA/CIOUSNESS, (L. loquacitas.}} LORD‘LINESS, n. [from lordly.] Dignity;
LOQUAC'ITY, ”- Palkativeness ; high station. Sha k.||LORN, a. [Sax. Dan. forloren, lost. See
the habit or practice of talking continually 2. Pride; haughtiness. More. Forlorn.| Lost; forsaken ; lonely.
LORD’LING, n. A little or diminutive lord. Spenser.
or excessively.
Too great loquacity and too great taciturnity Swift. LO’RY, n. A subordinate genus of fowls of
by fits. Arbuthnot. LORD/LY,. a. [lord and like.] Becoming a the parrot kind, forming the link between
LORD, n. [Sax. Maford. This has been lord; pertaining to a lord. the parrot and parroquet.
supposed to be compounded of hlaf, loaf, Lordly sins require lordly estates to support)
Dict. Nai. Hist.
and ford, afford, to give; and hence a them. South., LOSABLE, a. That may be lost. [Little
lord is interpreted, a bread-giver. But lady,} 2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent. used. | Boyle.
in Saxon, is in like manner written hlaf-
|
LOSE, v. t. looz. pret. and pp. lost. [Sax.
Every rich and lordly swain, losian, forlosian, forlysan; D. verliezen ;
deg; and deg can hardly signify a giver. With pride would drag about her chain.
The word occurs in none of the Teutonic Swift.| Goth. liusan. 'The sense is probably to
dialects, except the Saxon; and it is not part, to separate, and from the root of
\LORD'LY, adv. Proudly ; imperiously ; loose.|
easy to ascertain the original signification| despotically.
ofthe word. I question the correctness . To mislay; to part or be separated
of the common interpretation. ] A famished lion, issuing from the wood, from a thing, so as to have no knowledge
Roars lordly fierce. Dryden. of the place where it is; as, to lose a book
1. A master; a person possessing supreme
power and authority; a ruler; a gov-| LORD/SHIP, n. The state or quality of be- or a paper; to lose a record; to lose a dol-
ernor. ing a lord; hence, a title of honor given) lar or a dueat.
Man over man | to noblemen, except to dukes, who have 2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest ; as, to
He made not lord. Milton. the title of grace. | lose money in gaming.
But now I was the lord . A titulary compellation of judges and 3. Not to gain or win; as, to lose a battle,
Of this fair mansion. Shak. certain other persons in authority and that is, to be defeated.
2. A tyrant; an oppressive ruler. —Dryden.) office. Johnson. 4. To be deprived of; as, to Jose men in bat-
3. A husband. 3. Dominion; power; authority. tle; to lose an arm ora leg by a shot or
J oft in bitterness of soul deplored They who are accounted to rule over the by amputation ; to Jose one’s life or honor.
My absent daughter, and my dearer lord.
Pope.
Gentiles, exercise lordship over them. Mark x. 5. To forfeit, as a penalty. Our first pa-
My lord also being old. Gen. xviii. 4, Seigniory; domain; the territory of a rents lost the favor of God by their. apos-
4. A baron; the proprietor of a manor; as lord over which he holds jurisdiction; 2) tasy.
6. To suffer diminution or waste of.
the lord of the manor. manor,
 LOS LOT Leosr
If the salt hath lost its savor, wherewith shall 5, Waste by leakage or escape ; as a loss of; turn or position of which, an event is by
it be salted? Matt. v. liquors in transportation. previous agreement determined.
7. To ruin; to destroy. To bear a loss, to make good; also, to sus- To draw lots, to determine an event by draw-
The woman that deliberates is lost. ; tain a loss without sinking under it. ing one thing from a number whose marks
ddison. To be at a loss, to be puzzled; to be unable are concealed from the drawer, and thus
8. To wander from ; to miss, so as not to be to determine; to be in a state of uncer- determining an event.
able to find ; as, to lose the way. tainty. LOT, v. t. To allot ; to assign ; to distrib-
9. To bewilder. LOSS/FUL, a. Detrimental. [/Vot used.] ute ; to sort; to catalogue ; to portion.
Lost in the maze of words. _ Pope. Bp. Hall. Prior.
10. To possess no longer; to be deprived of; LOSS/LESS, a. Free from loss. [ot-used.] LOTE, n. [L. lotus, lotos.] A plant of the
contrary to keep; as, to lose a valuable Milton. genus Celtis, the lote-tree, of several spe-
trade. ’ LOST, pp. [from Jose.] Mislaid or left ina cies. The wood of one species is very
11. Not to employ or enjoy; to waste. Ti- place unknown or forgotten ; that cannot durable, and is used for timber. In Italy,
tus sighed to lose a day. be found ; as a lost book. flutes and other wind-instruments are
Th’ unhappy have but hours, and these they made oft, and in England it is used for
lose. Dryden. 2. Ruined; destroyed; wasted or squander- the frames of coaches, &c. Encye.
12. To waste ; to squander ; to throw away ; ed; employed to no good purpose ; as lost
2. A little fish. i
as, to lose a fortune by gaming, or by dis- money ; dost time.
3. Forfeited ; as a lost estate. LOTH, a. [Sax. lath, Sw. led, Dan. leede,
sipation, odious, hated. The common orthography
13. To suffer to vanish from view or percep- 4. Not abie to find the right way, or the is loath, pronounced with o long, but both
tion. We lost sight of the land at noon. place intended. A stranger is lost in Lon-
don or Paris. the orthography and pronunciation are
I lost my companion in the crowd.
Bewildered ; perplexed ; being in a maze ; corrupt. This word follows the analogy
Like following life in creatures we dissect,
as, a speaker may be lost in his argument. of cloth, Sax.clath. 1 have followed Mil-
We lose it in the moment we detect. Pope. ton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shak-
14. To ruin; to destroy by shipwreck, &c. for). Alienated ; insensible ;hardened beyond speare in the orthography of the adjec-
The Albion was lost on the coast of Lre- sensibility or recovery; as a profligate lost
to shame ; lost to all sense of honor. tive, and Cruden in that of the verb. ‘The
land, April 22, 1822. The admiral lost
three ships in a tempest. . Not perceptible to the senses ; not visible ; primary sense is to thrust, to turn or drive
as an isle lost in fog; a person lost in a away. See the verb, and Class Ld. No.
15. To cause to perish; as, to be lost at sea. 9. 15.
16. To employ ineffectually ; to throw away ; crowd. 1. Litefally, hating, detesting ; hence,
to waste. Instruction is often lost on the 8. Shipwrecked or foundered ; sunk or des- . Unwilling ; disliking ; not inclined ; re-
dull; admonition is Jost on the profligate. troyed; as a ship lost at sea, or on the
rocks. luctant.
It is often the fate of projectors to lose Long doth he stay, as loth to leave the land.
their labor. LOT, n. [Sax. hlot, hlodd, hlet, hlyt; Goth. Davies.
17. To be freed from. hlauts; D. Fr. lot; Sw. lott; Dan. Arm.| To pardon willing, and to punish loth.
lod; G. los; It. lotto; Sp. loteria, a _lot- Waller.
His scaly back the bunch has got
Which Edwin lost before. Parnell. tery. The primary sense is that which LOTHE, v. t. [Sax. lathian, to. hate, to de-
18. To fail to obtain. comes, falls or happens, or a_ part, a) test, to call, to invite; gelathian, to call;
He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. x.|| division or share. The French, from) Goth. lathon, to call; Sw. ledas, to lothe;
To lose one’s self, to be bewildered; also, lot, lave lotir, to divide; Arm. loda, id.) G. einladen, to invite, to lade or load, from
to slumber; to have the memory and rea- whence lodecq, a co-heir.] |
| laden, to lade, to invite, to cite or sum-
son suspended. . That which, in human speech, is called |
mon. See Lade.]
}
LOSE, v. i. looz. To forfeit any thing in | chance, hazard, fortune; but in strictness, ty To feel disgust at any thing; properly, to
contest; not to win. of language, is the determination of Prov-| have an extreme aversion of the appetite
We'll talk with them too, idence; as, the land shall be divided by) to food or drink.
Who loses and who wins; who’s in, who’s lot. Num. xxvi. Our soul Jotheth this light bread. Num.
out, Shak. 2. That by which the fate or portion of one XXi.
2. To decline; to fail. is determined ; that by which an event is Lothing the honey’d cakes, I long’d for bread.
Wisdom in discourse with her committed to chance, that is, to the de- Cowley.
Loses discountenanced, and like folly shows.|; termination of Providence; as, to cast 2. To hate ; to dislike greatly ; to abhor.
Milton. lots ;to draw lots. Ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight
LOS‘EL, n. s as z. [from the root ofloose. The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole) for all your evils— Ezek. xx.
A wasteful fellow, one who loses by sloth disposing thereof is of the Lord. —Prov. xvi. Not to-reveal the secret which L lothe.
or neglect; a worthless person. Obs. The part, division or fate which falls to) Waller.
Spenser.|| one by chance, that is, by divine deter- |LOTHE, v. i. To create disgust. Obs.
LOS‘ENGER, n. [Sax. leas, false; leas- mination. Spenser.
unge, falsity.| A deceiver. Obs. _The second lot came forth to Simeon. Josh.| LO’/THED, pp. Hated ; abhorred; turned
Chaucer. xix. from with disgust.
LOSER, n. looz’er. One that loses, or that He was but born to try LO‘FHER, zn. One that lothes or abhors.
is deprived of any thing by defeat, forfeit- The lot of man, to suffer and to die. Pope. LO’FHFUL, a. Hating; abhorring.
ure or the like; the contrary to winner or} A distinct portion or parcel; as a lot of, Which he did with lothful eyes behold.
gainer. A loser by trade may be honest goods; a lot of boards. |
Hubberd.
and moral; this cannot Proportion or share of taxes; as, to pay) 2. Disgusting ; hated ; exciting abhorrence.
be said of a loser}, Cae
by gaming. scot and lot. | Above the reach of lothfuwl sinful lust.
LOSING, ppr. looz'ing. Parting from; miss- In the U. States, a piece or division of Spenser.
ing; forfeiting ;wasting ; employing to no land; perhaps originally assigned by LO’/THING, ppr. Feeling disgust at; hav-
good purpose. drawing lots, but now anyportion, piece ing extreme aversion to; as lothing food.
LOSS, n. Privation; as the loss of property ;) or division. So we say, a man has a lot 2. Hating ; abhorring; as lothing sin.
loss of money by gaming; loss of health of land in Broadway, or in
the meadow ; LO’FHING, n. Extreme disgust; abhor-
or reputation. Every loss is not a detri- he has a lot in the plain, or
on the moun- rence. Ezek. xvi.
ment. We cannot regret the loss of bad tain; he has a home-lot, a house-lot, a LO’/FHINGLY, adv. With extreme disgust
company or of evil habits. wood-lot. or abhorrence; in a fastidious manner.
2. Destruction; ruin; as the loss of a ship The defendants leased a house and Jot in the LOTH’LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly.
at sea; the Joss of an army. city of New York. This shows that you from nature lothly stray.
3. Defeat ; as the loss of a battle. Kent. Franklin, Law of Penn. Donne.
4. Waste; useless application: as a loss of] To casi lots, is to use or throw a die, or LOTH'NESS, 2. Unwillingness ;_ reluct-
time or labor. some other instrument, by the unforeseen! ance.
>
 LOU LOV LOV
There grew among them a general silence|/LOUNG’ER, n. An idler; one who loiters, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all
and lothness to speak. Bacon. away his time in indolence. thy bent and with all thy soul, and with all thy
LO’THSOME, a. [Sw. ledesam.] Causing LOUR. [See Lower.] mind—

an extreme aversion of appetite ; exciting LOUSE, n. lous. plu. lice. [Sax. lus, plu. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as_ thyself.
Matt. xxii.
fastidiousness. Num. Xi. lys; D. luis; G. laus ;Sw. Dan. lus.]
2. Exciting extreme disgust; offensive ; as A small insect of the genus Pediculus. It 2. John To have benevolence or good will for.
iii.
a lothsome disease. Ps. xxxviii. has six feet, two eyes, with long feelers
3. Odious; exciting hatred or abhorrence; and a sting in the mouth. It infests the LOVE, n. An affection of the mind excited
detestable ; as lothsome sloth. Spenser. bodies of men and other animals; but dif-| by beauty and worth of any kind, or by
LO’THSOMENESS, n. The quality of ex- ferent animals are infested with different
the qualities of an object which communi-
citing extreme disgust or abhorrence. species. Encye. cate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It
Addison. LOUSE, v. t. louz. To clean from lice. is opposed to hatred. Love between the
LOTION, n. [L. lotio, from lavo, to wash.]| Swift. sexes, is a compound affection, consisting
1. A washing; particularly, a washing of LOUSE-WORT, x. lous!-wort. A plant of| of esteem, benevolence, and animal desire.
Love is excited by pleasing qualities of
the skin for the purpose of rendering it the genus Pedicularis. The yellow louse-
fair. Encye. any kind, as by kindness, benevolence,
wort is of the genus Rhinanthus. charity, and by the qualities which render
2. A liquid preparation for washing some Fam. of Plants.
part of the body, to cleanse it of foulness [LOUS'ILY, adv. s as z. [from lousy.) Ina social intercourse agreeable. In the lat-
or deformity. Encyc. ter case, love is ardent friendship, or a
mean, paltry manner ; scurvily.
3. In pharmacy, a preparation of medicines, LOUS'INESS, n. s as ze The state of strong attachment springing from good
will and esteem, and the pleasure derived
by washing them in some liquid, to re- abounding with lice.
move foreign substances, impurities, &c.
from the company, civilities and kindness-
Encye. LOUS’Y, a. sas z. [from louse.] Swarming
es of others.
with lice ; infested with lice. Dryden. Between certain natural relatives, love
LOT’TERY, xn. [Fr. loterie; Sp. loteria. 2. Mean ; low; contemptible; as a lousy
seems to be in some cases _ instinctive.
See Lot.]
1. A scheme for the distribution of prizes by LOUT, knave. Sha Such is the love of a mother for her child,
chance, or the distribution itself. Lootte-
n. [Qu: Sax. leod, G. leute, people.] which manifests itself toward an infant,
A mean awkward fellow ; a bumpkin; a before any particular qualities in the child
ries are often authorized by law, but ma- clown. Shak. Gay. are unfolded. This affection is apparent-
ny good men deem them immoral in prin-
ciple, and almost all men concur in the LOUT, v. 7%. [Sax. hlutan.] 'To bend; to ly as strong in irrational animals as in hu-
bow; to stoop. [Obsolete or local.] man beings.
opinion that their effects are pernicious.
2. Allotment. [JVot used.]
Spenser. B. Jonson. We speak of the love of amusements, the
LOUT’ISH, a. Clownish; rude; awkward. love of books, the love of money, and the
LOUD, a. [Sax. hlud or lud; G. laut; D. Sidney. love of whatever contributes to our pleas-
liud; Dan. lyd; L. laudo, to praise, and ure or supposed profit.
with a prefix, plaudo ; W. clod, praise, LOUT'ISHLY, adv. Like a clown; in a
formed from Jlod, which signifies what is rude, clumsy, awkward manner. The love of God is the first duty of man,
and this springs from just views of his at-
forcibly uttered ; llodi,to reach out; lavwd, LOUVER, n. loo'ver. [Fr. Vouvert.| An
opening in the roof of a cottage for the tributes or excellencies of character, which
that shoots out, that is productive, also a
smoke to escape. Spenser. afford the highest delight to the sanctified
lad. This is the Ch. Syr. Heb. Sam. 45»,| heart. Esteem and reverence constitute
LOV’/ABLE, a. Worthy of love ; amiable.
Sherwood. ingredients in this affection, and a fear of
Eth. OAL walad, Ar. aS, walada, to offending him is its inseparable effect.
LOV’AGE, n. A plant of the genus Ligus-
bring forth. The primaty sense is obvi- ticum. Fam. of Plants. 2. Courtship; chiefly in the phrase, to make
ous. Qu. its connection with the Ir. LOVE, v. t. luv. [Sax. hyian, luvian; D. love, that is, to court; to woo; to solicit
blaodh and glaodh, a calling, and Sax. lath- lieven: G. lieben ;Russ. lioblyu ; L. libeo, union in marriage.
ian, to call. See Class Ld. No. 8. 29.] lubeo ;Sans. loab, love, desire. See Lief. 3. Patriotism; the attachment one has to
. Having a great sound; high sounding; The sense is probably to be prompt, free, his native land ; as the love of country.
noisy ; striking the ear with great force ; willing, from leaning, advancing, or draw- . Benevolence; good will.
as aloud voice; aloud cry; loud thunder. God is love. 1 John iv.
ing forward.]
2. Uttering or making a great noise ; as loud 1. Tn a general sense to be pleased with ; to . The object beloved.
instruments. 2 Chron, xxx. The lover and the love of human kind.
regard with affection, on account of some,
3. Clamorous ; noisy. Pope.
qualities which excite pleasing sensa-
She is loud and stubborn. Prov. vii. tions or desire of gratification. We love a) a . A word of endearment.
4. Emphatical; impressive ; asa loud call to friend, on account of some qualities which) Trust me, love. Dryden.
avoid danger. give us pleasure in his society. We love a| ~ . Picturesque representation oflove.
LOUD'LY, adv. With great sound or noise; man who has done us a favor; in which Such was his form as painters, when they
noisily. case, gratitude enters into the composi- show
Who long and /oudly in the schools declaim- tion of our affection. We love our parents Their utmost art, on naked loves bestow.
ed. Denham. and our children, on account of their con- Dryden.
2, Clamorously ; with vehement complaints nection with us, and on account of many 8. Lewdness.
or importunity. He loudly complained of| qualities which please us. We love to re- He is not lolling on a lewd love-bed. Shak.
intolerance. tire to a cool shade in summer. We love 9. A thin silk stuff. Obs. Boyle.
LOUD/NESS, n. Great sound or noise; as) a warm room in winter. We love to hear Love in idleness, a kind of violet. Shak.
the loudness ofa voice or of thunder. an eloquent advocate. The christian loves Free of love, a plant of the genus Cercis.
2. Clamor; clamorousness
; turbulence ;up- his Bible. In short, we love whatever gives Fam. of Plants.
roar. us pleasure and delight, whether animal or LOVE-APPLE, n. A plant of the genus
LOUGH, n. lok. [Ir. and Scot.loch.] A lake ;) intellectual; and if our hearts are right, Solanum.
a different orthography of loch and lake. we love God above all things, as the sum LOVE-BROKER, n. A third person who
Fairfax. of all excellence and all the attributes acts as agent between lovers. Shak.
LOUIS D’OR, n. [a Lewis of gold.] A gold which can communicate happiness to in- LOVED, pp. Having the affection of any
coin of France, first struck in 1640, in the telligent beings. In other words, the chris- one.
reign of Louis XIfL., value, twenty shil- tian loves God with the love of compla- LOVE-DARTING, a. Darting love.
lings sterling, equal to $4.4444, cency in his attributes, the love of benev- Milton.
LOUNGE, v. 7. [Fr. longis, a lingerer, from olence towards the interests of his king- LOVE-DAY, n. A day formerly appointed
long.| 'To Jive in idleness ; to spend time dom, and the love of gratitude for favors} for an amicable adjustment of differences.
Jazily. received. Chaucer.
 LOV LOW LOW
LOVE-FAVOR, n. Something given to_be LOVE-TOY, n. A small present from a lov- in comparison of these divine writers, the
worn in token of love. Bp. Hall. er. Arbuthnot. noblest wits of the heathen world are low and
LOVE-KNOT, n. lwo/-not. A knot so call- LOVE-TRICK, n. Art or artifice expressive dull. Felton.
ed, used as a token of love or representing of love. 17. Vulgar; common ; as a low education.
mutual affection. Other love-tricks than glancing with the eyes. 18. Submissive ;humble; reverent.
LOVE-LABORED, a. Labored by love. Donne. And pay their fealty
Milton. LOVING, With low subjection. Milton.
ppr. Entertaining a strong af- But first low reverence done. Ibm.
LOVE-LASS, n. A sweetheart. _ fection for; having tender regard for.
LOVELESS, a. Void of love; void often- 2. a. Fond; affectionate ; as a loving friend. 19. Weak ; exhausted of vital energy. His
derness or kindness. Milton. Shelton. 3. Expressing love or kindness; as loving disease has brought him very low.
LOVE-LETTER, n. A letter professing words. 20. Feeble ;weak; without force ;as a low
love; a letter of courtship. pulse.
LOVING-KINDNESS, n. Tender regard;
LOVELILY, =adv. luv'lily. [from lovely.] 21. Moderate ; not inflammatory ; as a low
mercy; favor; a scriptural word. fever.
Amiably ; in a manner to excite love. My loving-kindness will I not utterly take 22. Moderate ; not intense; as
Otway. a low heat;
from him. Ps, Ixxxix. a low temperature.
LOVELINESS, n. luv'liness. [from lovely.] LOVINGLY, adv. With love; with affec-
Amiableness; qualities of body or mind 23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstan-
tion ; affectionately. ces. The rich are often reduced to a low
that may excite love.
If there is such a native loveliness in the sex, It is no great matter to live lovingly with condition.
as to make them victorious when in the wrong, meek persons. Taylor. 24. Moderate; as a low calculation or esti-
how resistless their power when they are on the LOVINGNESS, n. Affection; kind regard. mate.
side of truth. Spectator. The only two bands of good will, loveliness 25. Plain; simple; not rich, high seasoned
LOVE-LOCK, xn. A curl or lock of hair so and lovingness. Sidney. or nourishing ; as a low diet.
called; worn by men of fashion in the
LOW, a. [D. laag, G. leg, Sw. lag, low; LOW, adv. Not aloft; not on high; often in
reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Sax. loh, a pit or gulf; Russ. log, a low composition ; as low-brow’d rocks.
Luly. Milton. Pope.
place, a hollow; Dan. lag, a bed or layer,
LOVE-LORN, a. [love and lorn.] Forsaken a row; from the root oflay.] 2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate
by one’s love; as the love-lorn nightingale. price. He sold his wheat low.
Milton. 1. Not high or elevated; depressed below 3. Near the ground; as, the bird flies very
any given surface or place. Low ground or
LOVELY, a. luv'ly. Amiable; that may ex- low.
land, is land below the common level.
cite love; possessing qualities which may 4. In a mean condition; in composition ; as
Low is opposed to high, and both are rela-
invite affection. a low-born fellow; a low-born lass. Shak.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant tive terms. That which is low with res-
pect to one thing, may be high with respect 5. In time approaching our own.
in their lives— 2 Sam. i.
to another. A low house would bea high In the part of the world which was first inhab-
LOVE-MONGER, x. [love and monger.] ited, even as ow down as Abraham’s time, they
One who deals in affairs of love. [JVot fence. A low flight for an eagle, would be
a high flight for a partridge. wandered with their flocks and herds. Locke.
used. | Shak.
2. Not rising to the usual highth ; as a man 6. With a depressed voice ;not loudly; as,
LOVE-PINED, a. Wasted by love. speak low.
Spenser. oflow stature.
LOV’ER, n. One who loves; one who has - Declining near the horizon. The sun is 7. Ina state of subjection, poverty or dis-
a tender affection, particularly for a fe- low at four o’clock in winter, and at six grace ;as, to be brought low by oppression,
in summer. by want or by vice.
male.
Love is blind, and lovers cannot see— Deep; descending far below the adjacent LOW, v.t. To sink ; to depress. [Vol used.]
Shak. ground; as a low valley. Wickliffe.
2. A friend; one who regards with kind- The lowest bottom shook of Erebus. LOW, v. 7%. [Sax. Aleowan; D. laijen. It is
ness. Milton. probably a contracted word, coinciding
Your brother and his lover have embraced. . Sunk to the natural level of the ocean by with L. lugeo, to weep, the sense of which
Shak. the retiring of the tide ; as low water. is, to ery out.|
3. One who likes or is pleased with any Below the usual rate or amount, or below To bellow, as an ox or eow.
thing ; as a lover of books or of science ; the ordinary value ;as a low price of corn; The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea.
a lover of wine ; a lover of religion. low wages. Gray.
Lover and loover. [See Louver] . Not high or loud ; as a low voice. LOWBELL, x. [Sw. lage, flame; liga,
LOVE-SE€RET, nz. A secret between loy- Grave ; depressed in the scale of sounds; to flame ; Sax. leg, leg, lig, id.; Scot.
ers. Dryden. as a low note. lowe ; G. loke.]
LOVE-SHAFT, n. Cupid’s arrow. — Shak. . Near or not very distant from the equa- A kind offowling in the night, in which the
LOVE-SICK, a. Sick or languishing with tor; asa low latitude. We say, the low birds are wakened by a bell, and blinded
love or amorous desire ; as a love-sick southern latitudes; the high northern lati- by light, so as to be easily taken. Cowed.
maid. | itudes. LOWBELL, v. &. To scare, as with a low-
To the dear mistress of my love-sick mind. 10. Late in time ;modern; as the lower em- bell. Hammond.
Dryden. ire. Low, a termination of names, as in
2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or ex- jl]. Dejected; depressed in vigor; wanting LOWE, § Bed-low. (Sax. hlaw, a hill, heap
pressive of languishing love. strength or animation; as low spirits; low or barrow, Goth. hlaiw.]
Where nightingales their love-sick ditty sing. in spirits. His courage is low. LOW-BORN, a. Born in low life.
Dryden. 12. Depressed in condition; in a humble LOW-BRED, a. Bred in a low condition or
LOVESOME, a. Lovely. [.Vot used.] state. manner; vulgar.
Dryden. - Why but to keep you low and ignorant? LOWER, v. t. [from low.] To cause to des-
LOVE-SONG, n. A song expressing love. Milton. cend ; to let down ; to take or bring down ;
Shak. 13. Humble in rank; in a mean condition ; as, to lower the main-sail ofa sloop.
LOVE-SUIT, n. Courtship; solicitation of asmen of high and low.condition; the 2. To sufier to sink downwards.
union in marriage. Shak. lower walks of life; a low class of people. Woodward.
LOVE-TALE, n. A narrative oflove. 14. Mean; abject; groveling; base; asa 3. To bring down; to reduce or humble ; as,
Cato’s a proper person to entrust person oflow mind. to lower the pride of man.
A love-tale with. Addison.| 15. Dishonorable; mean; as a low trick or 4, To lessen ; to diminish ; to reduce, as val-
LOVE-THOUGHT, n. Amorous faney. stratagem.
[Vot used.] Shak. 16. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted in ue or amount ; as, to lower the price or
value of goods, or the rate ofinterest.
EN, n. A present in token of thought or diction; as a low comparison ; LOWER, v.7%. To fall; to sink; to grow
ove, Shak. a low metaphor; low language. i less. Shak.
 LOW LOZ LUB
LOWER, v. i. To appear dark or gloomy ; 6. Depression of mind ; want of courage or} in the latter, by the meeting of the facets
to be clouded ; to threaten’a storm. fortitude ; dejection; as lowness of spirits. in the horizontal ribs of the crown.
And all the clouds that lowered upon your 7. Depression in fortune ; a state of poverty; ‘of Encye.
house. Shak. as the lowness of circumstances. 4. A form of medicine in small pieces, to be
The lowering spring. Dryden. 8. Depression in strength or intensity; as chewed or held in the mouth till melted.
2. To frown; to look sullen. the lowness of heat or temperature ; low- Johnson.
But sullen discontent sat lowering on her face. ness of zeal. 5. In confectionary, a small cake of presery-
Dryden. 9. Depression in price or worth; as the low- ed fruit, or of sugar, &c.
LOW’ER, n. Cloudiness ;gloominess. ness of price or value; the lowness of the LOZ’ENGED, a. Made into the shape of
2. A frowning; sullenness. Sidney. funds or of the markets. lozenges.
LOWER, a. [comp. of low.] Less high or 10. Graveness of sound; as the lowness of| LOZ’ENGY, a. In heraldry, having the field
elevated. | notes. or charge covered with lozenges.
LOW’ERINGLY, adv. With cloudiness or 11. Softness of sound ; as the lowness of the Lp, a contraction of lordship.
threatening gloom. voice. LU. [See Loo.]
LOWERMOST, a. [from low.] Lowest. |/LOW-SPIR'ITED, a. Not having animation LUBBARD. [Not used. See Lubber.]
LOW’ERY, a. Cloudy ; gloomy. and courage; dejected ; depressed; not LUB’/BER, n. [W. labi, a tall lank fellow, a
LOWEST, a. [superl. of Jow.| Most low;)) lively or sprightly. Losses of property of- clumsy man, a stripling, a lubber, a looby ;
deepest ; most depressed or degraded, &c. ten render men low-spirited. Excessive se- Uab, a flag or thin strip, a stripe or stroke;
LOWING, ppr. Bellowing, as an ox. verity breaks the mind, and renders the Uabiaw, to slap ; lob, an unwieldy lump, a
LOWING, ». The bellowing or ery of cat- child or pupil low-spirited. dull fellow. From the significations of
tle. LOW-SPIR'ITEDNESS, n. Dejection of Wabi, it appears that the primary sense is
LOWLAND, n. Land whieh is low with re- mind or courage ; a state of low spirits. tall and lank, like a stripling who gains his
spect to the neighboring country; a low Cheyne. highth before he does his full strength, and
or level country. Thus the Belgic states LOW-THOUGHT’ED, «a. Waving the hence is clumsy. But looby seems rather
are called Lowlands. The word is some- thoughts employed on low subjects; not to be from Ulob.|
times opposed to a mountainous country ; having sublime and elevated thoughts or A heavy, clumsy fellow ; a sturdy drone; a
as the Lowlands of Scotland. Sometimes contemplations ; mean of sentiment; as clown.
it denotes a marsh. Dryden. low-thoughted care. Milton. Pope. And lingering lubbers lose many a penny.
LOWLIHOOD, n. A humble state. Obs. Tusser.
Chaucer. |LOW-WINES, n. [low and wine.) 'The
liquor produced by the first distillation of LUB/BERLY, a. Properly, tall and lank
LOWLINESS, n. [from lowly.) Freedom melasses, or fermented liquors ; the first without activity ;hence, bulky and heavy;
from pride ; humility ;humbleness of mind. run ofthe still. Edwards, W. Ind. clumsy ; lazy; as a lubberly fellow or boy.
Milton.
Walk—with all Jowliness and meekness.
LOXODROM TE, a. [Gr. 2080s, oblique, and LUB’BERLY, adv. Clumsily ;awkwardly.
Eph. iv. Phil. ii. | Spouos, a course. | Dryden.
2. Meanness ; want of dignity ; abject state. [Pertaining to oblique sailing by the rhomb; LU’BRIE, a. [L. lubricus, slippery.) Having
[In this sense little used.| as loxodromic tables. a smooth surface ; slippery; as a lube
Spenser. Dryden. ILOXODROM‘IES, n. The art of oblique throat. Crashaw.
sailing by the rhomb, which always makes 2. Wavering ; unsteady ; as the lubric wayes
LOWLY, a. [low and like.] Having a low es- an equal angle with every meridian ; that
teem of one’s own worth ; humble ; meek; of state. Wotton.
is, when a ship sails neither directly under 3. Lascivious; wanton; lewd.
free from pride. the equator, nor under the same meridian, This lubric and adulterate age. Dryden.
Take my yoke upon you and learn of me, for but obliquely. Harris. Bailey. [This word is now little used.]
T am meek and lowly in heart. Matt. xi. LOY’AL, a. [Fr. loyal; It. leale ;Sp. leal; LU’/BRI€ANT, nx. [See Lubricate.] That
He scometh the scorers ; but he giveth grace
to the lowly. Prov. ili.
from L. lex, law.} which lubricates.
Faithful to a prince or superior; true to
2. Mean; low; wanting dignity or rank. | plighted faith, duty or love; not treacher- LU‘BRI€ATE, v. t. [L. lubrico, from lubri-
One common right the great and lowly claim. ous; used of subjects to their prince, and cus, slippery; allied to labor, to slip or
Pope. of husband, wife and lovers; as a loyal slide.]
3. Not lofty or sublime ; humble. subject; a loyal wife. To make smooth or slippery. Mucilaginous
These rural poems, and their lowly strain. and saponaceous medicines lubricate the
There Laodamia with Evadne moves, parts to which they are applied.
Dryden. Unhappy both! but loyal in their loves.
4. Not high; not elevated in place. | Dryden. LU/BRI€ATED, pp. Made smooth and slip-
Dryden. LOY’/ALIST, 2. A person who adheres to pery.
LOWLY, adv. Humbly ; meekly ; modestly.|| his sovereign ; particularly, one who main- LU’/BRI€ATING, pr. Rendering smooth
Be lowly wise. Milton. tains his allegiance to his prinee, and de- and slippery.
2. Meanly; in a low condition ; without fends his cause in times of revolt or revo- LU‘BRI€ATOR, n. That which lubricates.
grandeur or dignity. Jution. LUBRIC‘ITY, n. [Fr. lubricité.] Smooth-
I will show myself highly fed and lowly LOY’‘ALLY, adv. With fidelity to a prince; ness of surface ; slipperiness.
taught. Shak.
or sovereign, or to a husband or lover. 2. Smoothness ; aptness to glide over any
LOWN, n. [See Loon.) A low fellow; al thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies
scoundrel. Shak. LOYALTY, n. Fidelity to a prince or sove-
LOWNESS, n. The state of being low or|| reign, or to a husband or lover.
in contact by diminishing friction. Ray.
depressed ; the state of being less elevated He had such loyalty to the king as the law 3. Slipperiness ; instability ; as the lubricity
requires. Clarendon. of fortune. L’ Estrange.
than something else; as the downess of the 4, Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness ;
ground, or of the water after the ebb-tide. [LOZ/ENGE, n. [Fr. losange ; Gr. 2080s, ob-
lewdness; lechery ; incontinency.
. Meanness of condition. Men are not to lique, and yarca, a corner.|
be despised or oppressed on account of 1. Originally, a figure with four equal sides, ; Dryden.
the lowness of their birth or condition. having two acute and two obtuse angles; LU’/BRI€OUS, a. [L. lubricus.] Smooth;
. Meanness of mind or character ; want of} a rhomb. slippery. Woodward.
dignity. Haughtiness usually springs from 2. In heraldry, a four-cornered figure, re- 2. Wavering; unstable; as lubricous opin-
lowness of mind; real dignity is distin- sembling a pane of glass in old casements. ions. Glanville.
guished by modesty. Encye., ILUBRIFA€’TION, x. [infra.] The act
. Want of sublimity in style or sentiment ; 3. Among jewelers, lozenges are common to) of lubricating or making smooth.
the contrary to lofliness. Dryden. brilliants and rose diamonds. In_bril-| Bacon,
i) . Submissiveness; as the lowness of obedi- liants, they are formed by the meeting of) LUBRIFI€A/TION, n. [L. lubricus and fa-
ence. Bacon. the skill and the star facets on the bezil ;) cio, to make. ]
 LUC LUD LUG
The act or operation of making smooth and ing intended or foreseen, or from some||LU/DICROUS, a. (L. ludicer, from ludo, to
slippery. Ray. cause not under human control ; that sport.|
LUCE, n. A pike full grown. which cannot be previously known or de-||Sportive ; burlesque ; adapted to raise laugh-
Johnson. Shak. termined with certainty by human skill or ter, without scorn or contempt. Ludi-
LU/CENT, a. [L. lueens. from luceo, to shine. power. crous differs from ridiculous ; the latter im-
See Light.1 Consider the gift of luck as below the care of plying contempt or derision.
Shining; bright; resplendent ; as the sun’s a wise man. Rambler. Plutarch quotes this instance of Homer’s
lucent orb. Milton. LUCKILY, adv. [from lucky.] Fortunately ; judgment, in closing a ludicrous scene with de-
LU/CERN, n. [Qu. W. lysau, plants; llys- by good fortune ; with a favorable issue ; cency and instruction. Broonie.
teuyn, a plant ;Corn. lyzuan; or from Lu- in @ good sense. Luckily, we escaped in-\7 Y/DTEROUSLY, adv. Sportively; in bur-
cerne, in Switzerland. jury. lesque ; in a manner to raise laughter with-
A plant of the genus Medicago, cultivated LUCK/INESS, n. The state of being fortu- out contempt.
for fodder. nate ; as the luckiness of a man or of an LU'DICROUSNESS, n. Sportiveness ; the
LUCID, a. (L. lucidus, from luceo, to shine. event. quality of exciting laughter withcut con-
See Laght.| 2. Good fortune; a favorable issue or event. tempt; merry cast.
1. Shining ; bright; resplendent; as the lw- [In this sense, luck is generally used.} LUDIFICA’/TION, xn. [L. ludificor.] The
cid orbs of heaven. CK’LESS, a. Unfortunate ;meeting with act of deriding.
2. Clear ; transparent; pellucid; as a lucid) ill success; as a luckless gamester ; a luck- LUDIF’ICATORY, a. Making sport; tend-
stream. Milton. less maid. ing to excite derision. Barrow.
3. Bright with the radiance ofintellect ; not 2. Unfortunate ; producing ill or no good. LUFF, n. (Goth. lofa; Scot. loof; Ir. lav,
darkened or confused by delirium or mad- Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour. lamh ; W. law.| The palm of the hand.
ness; marked by the regular operations off Dryden.|| LUFF, n. (Fr. lof; G. loof; D. loef; Arm.
reason ; as the lucid intervals of a derang- LUCK’Y, a. Fortunate ; meeting with good
ed man. success; as a /ucky adventurer.
lof
Weather-gage, or part towards the wind ; or
4, Clear; distinct ; presenting a clear view; 2. Fortunate ; producing good by chance ; the sailing of a ship close to the wind.
easily understood ; as a lucid order or ar- favorable ;as a lucky adventure ; a lucky! UP, v. 7. [D. doeven ;Arm. loffi.] To turn
rangement. time ; a lucky cast. the head of a ship towards the wind; to
LUCID'ITY, n. Brightness. [.Vot used.] LU‘€RATIVE, a. [Fr. lucratif; L. lucrativus, sail nearer the wind. Hence, in the im-
LU’/CIDNESS, n. Brightness ; clearness. from lucror, to gain profit.| perative, luff, is an order to put. the tiller
LU‘CIFER, n. [L. luz, lucis, light, and fero, Gainful ; profitable ; making increase of mon- on the lee-side, in order to make the ship
to bring. | ey or goods; asa lucrative trade; lucra- sail nearer the wind. Laff round, or luff
1. The planet Venus, so called from its tive business or office. a-lee, is the extreme of this movement, in-
brightness. LU/€RE, n. lwker. (L. lucrum ; Fr. luere.] tended to throw the ship’s head into the
2. Satan. Gain in money or goods; profit ;usually wind. A ship is said to spring her luff,
And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, in an ill sense, or with the sense of some- when she yields to the helm by sailing
Never to hope again. Shak. thing base or unworthy. nearer the wind. Encye.
LUCIFE’RIAN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, The lust of /ucre, and the dread of death. LUFF’-TACKLE, n. <A large tackle not
or to the Luciferians. Pope. destined for any particular place in the
LUCIFE’/RIANS, n. A sect that followed | A bishop must be blameless—not given to ship, but movable at pleasure.
Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the fourth filthy lucre. Tit. i. Mar. Dict.
century. They held to the carnal nature |LUERIF/EROUS, a. [L. lucrum, gain, and LUG, v.t. [Sax. lyccan, aluccan, geluggian,
of the soul, and that there is no place for || fero, to produce.] Gainful; profitable. to pull, to pluck, Ir. luighim. See Pluck.|
repentance for such as fall. | [Little used.) Boyle. 1. To haul; to drag; to pull with force, as
LUCIF’EROUS, a. [L. lucifer, supra.] Giv- LUCRIF’I€, a. [L. lucrum, gain, and facio, something heavy and moved with diffi-
ing light; affording light or means of dis-| to make.] Producing profit; gainful. culty.
covery. Boyle. [Not used.} Jowler lugs him still
LUCIF'I€, a. {L. luz, light, and facio, |LUCTA’TION, n. [L. luctatio, from luctor, Through hedges. Dryden.
to make.] to wrestle or strive.] 2. To carry or convey with labor.
Producing light. Grew. Struggle; contest; effort to overcome in They must divide the image among them,
LU'CIFORM, a. [L. lua, light, and forma, contest. [Little used.] and so lug off every one his share. Collier.
form. ] LU€’/TUAL, a. [L. luctus, grief.] Produ- To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque.
Having the form of light; resembling light. cing grief. [ot used.] Buck, Dryden.
The water prepares us, and purities our luci- LU/CUBRATE, v. 7. [L. lucubro, to study by
form spirit to receive the divinity.
LUG, v. i. To drag; to move heavily. [Qu.]
candle-light, from lucubrum, from luz, Dryden.
Paus. Trans.\
light.] LUG, n. A small fish. Carew.
LUCK, n. [D. luk, geluk; G. gliick; Sw.
To study by candle-light or alamp; to stuc; 2. In Scotland, an ear. Obs. Johnson.
lycka; Dan. lykke; Sans. lakki. The sense
by night. 3. A pole or perch, a land-measure. Obs.
is that which comes, falls, happens. W.
LUCUBRA’TION, n. Study by a lamp or by Spenser.
Nuc, a dart or throw; luciaw, to throw.
eandle-light ;nocturnal study. 4. Something heavy to be drawn or carried.
2. That which is composed by night; that Vulgar.|
Qu. Gr. rayzara; Ar. Las, Class Lg. which is produced by meditation in retire- LUG’/GAGE, n. [from lug.] |Any thing
No. 21.) ment. Tatler. cumbersome and heavy to be carried ;
‘That which happens to a person; an event, LU/CUBRATORY, a. Composed by candle- traveling baggage.
good or ill, affecting a man’s interest or light or by night. Pope. I am gathering up my luggage and preparing
happiness, and which is deemed casual ; LU’CULENT, a. [L. luculentus, from luceo, for my journey. Swift.
fortune. Luck respects persons and their to shine. | 2. Something of more weight than value.
proceedings. We never say, in a literal 1. Lucid; clear; transparent; as luculent What do you mean
sense, that a plant has the luck to grow in rivers. Thomson. To dote on such luggage ?
Shak.
a particular place ; or a fossil has the luck 2. Clear ; evident; luminous. LUG’/GER, n. [D. loger.] A vessel carry-
to be of a particular form. We say, a The most Juculent testimonies that the ing three masts with a running bowsprit
person has the good luck to escape from christian religion hath. Hooker. and lug-sails. Mar. Dict.
danger; or the ill luck to be ensnared or to/[LU/€ULLITE, n. A subspecies of carbon- LUGGS, n. An insect like an earth-worm,
suffer loss. Hehas had good luck, or bad ate of lime, of three kinds. but having legs.
luck in gaming, fishing or hunting. Luck Ure. Jameson. LUG’-SAIL, n. A square sail bent upon a
or what we call chance, accident, fortune, LUDIB’RIOUS, a. [L. ludibriosus, from ludo, yard that hangs obliquely to the mast at
is an event which takes place without be- to sport.] Sportive; wanton. J. Barlow. one third of its length. Mar. Dict.
Vol. IL
 LUM LUM LUN
LUGU’BRIOUS, a. [L. lugubris, from lugeo, The very bed was violated— The expenses ought to belumped. Ayliffz.
to weep.] f And thrown among the common lumber. 2. To take in the gross.
Otway. LUMP’EN, n. A long fish of a greenish
Mournful; indicating sorrow; as a lugubri-
ous look. Decay of Piety. 2. In America, timber sawed or split for color, and marked with lines.
LU/KEWAR\M, a. [Sax. vlaco, tepid, mod- use; as beams, joists, boards, planks, LUMP’FISH, n._ A thick fish of the genus
erately warm ; vlacian, to warm ; D. laaww, staves, hoops and the like. Cyclopterus. The back is sharp and ele-
laauwen ; G.lau ; Dan.lunken, lukewarm ; 3. Harm; mischief. [ZLocal.] Pegge. vated; the belly fiat, and of a crimson
lunker, to make tepid; allied to flag, lag, LUM’BER, v. t. To heap together in disor- color. Along the body run five rows of
or to lay, allay, or to slack.] der. Rymer. sharp bony tubercles. It swims edgewise ;
1. Moderately warm; tepid; as lukewarm 2. To fill with lumber ; as, to lwmber a room. called also a sea-owl. Encyc.
LUM’BER-ROOM, n. A place for the re- LUMP’ING, ppr. Throwing into a mass or
water ; lukewarm heat.
Wiseman. Newton. ception of lumber or useless things. sum.
2, Not ardent; not zealous; cool; indiffer- LUM’BRIE, n. [L. lumbricus,a worm.] A 2. a. Bulky; heavy.[.4 low word.]
ent; as lukewarm obedience; lukewarm
worm. Med. Repos. Arbuthnot.
patriots. Rev. iii. Dryden. Addison. LUM’BRI€AL, a. [L. lumbricus, a worm.] LUMP’ISH, a. Likealump; heavy; gross;
LU/KEWARMLY, adv. With moderate Resembling a worm; as the lumbrical bulky. Raleigh. Dryden.
warmth. muscles. 2. Dull; inactive. Shak.
2. With indifference ; coolly. LUM’BRI€AL, a. Pertaining to the loins. LUMPISHLY, adv. Heavily; with dull-
LU'KEWARMNESS, n. A mild or mo der- LUM’BRI€AL, n. A muscle ofthe fingers ness or stupidity.
and toes, so named from its resembling a LUMP’ISHNESS, n. Heaviness; dullness ;
ate heat.
2, Indifference; want of zeal or ardor ; cold- worm. Of these muscles, there are four of stupidity.
the fingers and as many of the toes. LUMP’Y, a. Full of lumps or small com-
ness.
LUMBRIC’IFORM, a. [L. lumbricus, a pact masses. Mortimer.
The defect of zeal is lukewarmness, or cold-
ness in religion. Sprat.
worm, and form.] Resembling a worm in Luna cornea, muriate of silver. Ure.
shape. LU'NACY, n. [from L.lwna, the moon; W.
LULL, v.t. [Dan. luller; G. D. lullen; L. LU’MINARY, n. [L. lwminare, from lumen, llun, form, figure, image, the moon.]
lallo. Qu. Russ. leleyu, to dandle or fon- light. Lumen is the Saxon leoma, a ray, 1. A species of insanity or madness, suppo-
dle. The sense is to throw down, to still, or from luceo, by contraction, for luemen, sed to be influenced by the moon, or peri-
to appease. Seamen say, the wind lulls, lugmen.} odical in the month.
when it subsides. ] 1. Any body that gives light, but chiefly one 2. Madness in general.
To quiet; to compose; to cause to rest. of the celestial orbs. The sun is the prin- LU’/NAR, q, LL. lunaris.| Pertaining to
The nation may be lulled into security. cipal luminary in our system. The stars LU‘/NARY,§ ° the moon; as lunar obser-
—To lull him soft asleep. Spenser. are inferior luminaries. vations.
Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie,
To lull the daughters of necessity. Milton. 2. One that illustrates any subject, or en- 2. Measured by the revolutions of the moon ;
LULL, v. i. To subside; to cease; to be- lightens mankind; as, Bacon and Newton as lunar days or years.
come calm; as, the wind lulls. were distinguished luminaries. 3. Resembling the moon; orbed. Dryden.
LULL, n. Power or quality of soothing. LUMINATION. [See Illumination.] 4. Under the influence of the moon. Obs.
Young. LU‘MINE, v.t. To enlighten. [Not used. Bacon.
LULL/ABY, n. [lull and by, Russ. bayu. See Illumine.] Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver, fused in a low
See By.] LUMINIF’EROUS, a. [L. lwien, light, and heat. Nicholson.
A song to quiet babes ; that which quiets. fero, to produce.] Producing light. LUNA’/RIAN, x. An inhabitant of the
Shak. Locke. Ure. moon.
LULLED, pp. Quieted; appeased ; compo- LU’MINOUS, a. [L. luminosus ; Fr. lwmin- LU'NARY, x. Moonwort, a plant of the ge-
sed to rest. eux.| nus Lunaria.
LULUER, n. One that lulls; one that fon- Tr, Shining; emitting light. The sun is a LU/NATED, a. Formed like a half-moon.
dles. most luminous body. LU'NATIE€, a. Affected by a species of mad-
LULL‘ING, ppr. Stilling ; composing to 2. Light; illuminated. The moon is ren- ness, supposed to be influenced by the
rest. dered luminous by the rays of the sun. moon.
LUM, n. [Qu. Sax. leoma.] The chimney 3. Bright; shining ; as a luminous color. LU/NATIE, n. A person affected by insan-
ofa cottage. Todd. . Clear; as a luminous essay or argument. ity, supposed to be influenced or produced
LUM’ACHEL, A calearious stone LU/MINOUSLY, adv. With brightness or by the moon, or by its position in its orbit;
LUMACHEL'LA, §™ composed of shells clearness. a madman. Suift.
and coral conglutinated, but so far retain- LU/MINOUSNESS, n. The quality of being LUNA’TION, xn. [L. lunatio.} A revolu-
ing their organization as to exhibit differ- bright or shining; brightness; as the lu- tion of the moon.
ent colors, and so hard as to admit of minousness of the sea. Eneye. LUNCH, _ [W. llwne, a gulp, a
polish. Nicholson. ourcroy. . Clearness ; perspicuity ; as the luminous- LUNCH/EON, * swallow, the gullet;
LUMBAG/INOUS, a. Pertaining to lum- ness of ideas, arguments or method. Arm. louncga, longein, to swallow greed-
bago. Cheyne. Cheyne. ily.
LUMBA/GO, n. [L. lumbus, loins.] A pain LUMP, n. [G. Dan. and Sw. klump; D. Literally, a swallow; but in usage, a por-
in the loins and small of the back, such klomp; W. clamp and clap. If mis not tion of food taken at any time, except at a
as precedes certain fevers. Quincy. radical, this belongs to Class Lb. Lump regular meal. It is not unusual to takea
A rheumatic affection of the muscles about is clump, without the prefix. ] luncheon before dinner. The passengers
the loins. Hooper. 1. A small mass of matter of no definite in the line-ships regularly have their
LUM’BAR, a. [L. lumbus, loins.] Pertain- shape; as a lump of earth; a lump of but- lunch.
ing to the loins. The lumbar region is the ter ;a lump of sugar. Isliced the luncheon from the barley loaf.
posterior portion of the body between the 2. A mass of things blended or thrown to- Gay.
false ribs and the upper edge of the gether without order or distinction; as LUNE, n. [L. luna, the moon.) Any thin
haunch bone. Parr. copper, iron, gold, silver, lead, tin, promis- in the shape of ahalf-moon. {Liitle sisal
LUM’/BER, n. [allied to Sax. leoma, uten- cuously in one lump. Watts.
sils, or to lump, clump, a mass, or Dan. 3. A cluster; as a lwmp of figs. 2 Kings xx. 2. A fit of lunacy or madness, or a freak.
lumpe, a rag ;lumperie, trifles; Sw. lumpor, In the lump, the whole together; in gross. [ot used.] Shak.
rags, old cloths; D. lomp; G.lumpen; Fr. They may buy my papers in the lump. 3. A leash; as the lune of a hawk.
lambeau. In French, lambourde is a joist.] Addison. LU‘NET, [Fr. lunette, from lune, the
1, Any thing useless and cumbersome, or LUMP, v. t. To throw into a mass; to unite LUNETTE, bn, moon.]
things bulky and thrown aside as of no in a body or sum without distinction of 1. In fortification, an enveloped counter-
use. particulars. guard, or elevation of earth made beyond
 LUR LUR LUS
the second ditch, opposite to the places of word radically as lurk. The primary 3. To retire from public observation; to
arms; or a covered place before the cour- sense is to run, start, leap or frisk about, keep out of sight.
tine, consisting of two faces that form an as a man or beast that flies from one tree The defendant lurks and wanders about in
angle inward. It is commonly raised in or other object to another to conceal him- Berks. Blackstone.
ditches full of water, to serve instead of self. Hence we see the peculiar applica- LURK’ER, n. One that lurks or keeps out
fausse brays, to dispute the enemy’s pass- bility of this word in seamen’s language. | of sight.
age of the ditch. Encyc. Trevour. In seamen’s language, a sudden roll of a
2. In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which ship. A lee-lurch is a sudden roll to the LURK‘ING, ppr. Lying concealed ; keep-
leeward, as when a heavy sea strikes the ing out of sight.
wants the spunge, or that part of the
branch which runs towards the quarters ship on the weather side. Cyc. LURK’ING-PLACE, n. A place in which
of the foot. Encye. To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult one lies concealed ; a secret place; a hi-
3. A piece of felt tocover the eye of a vicious situation, or in embarrassment; to leave ding place; aden. 1 Sam. xxiii.
horse. Encye. in aforlorn state or without help. LUS/CIOUS, a. [I know not the origin
LU‘NET, n. A little moon. Bp. Hall. Denham. and affinities of this word. The Dutch
LUNG, n. (Sax. lungen ; D. long; G. Dan. LURCH, v.i. To roll or pass suddenly to express it by zoetlustig, sweet-lusty. Qu.
lunge ; Sw. lunga.] one side, as a ship in a heavy sea. the root of lurury.]
1. The lungs are the organs of respiration in 2. To withdraw to one side, or to a private 1. Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate;
man and many other animals. There are place ; to lie in ambush or in secret; to lie sweet to excess; as luscious food.
two of these organs, each of which occu- close. [For this, lurk is now used.] 2. Very sweet; delicious; grateful to the
pies its cavity in the thorax. They alter- L’Estrange. taste.
nately inhale and expel the air, by means 3. Toshift; to play tricks. And raisins keep their /uscious native taste.
of which the necessary function ofrespira- T am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Dryden.
tion is carried on. Shak. 3. Pleasing; delightful.
Each lung fills completely the cavity in LURCH, v. t. Todefeat ; to disappoint, that He will bait him in with the luscious propo-
which itis placed. Wistar. is, to evade; as, to lurch the expectation. sal of some gainful purchase. South.
2. Formerly, a person having a strong voice, [Little used.| South. 4, Fullsome ; as luscious flattery.
and asort of servant. B. Jonson. 2. To steal; to filch ; to pilfer. [Little used. } 5. Smutty; obscene. [Unusual.] Steele.
LUNGE, n. [See Allonge.} A sudden push Johnson. LUS/CIOUSLY, adv. With sweetness or
or thrust. LURCH, v. t. [L. lurco,a glutton.] To swal-
LUNG’ED, a. Having lungs, or the nature richness that cloys or nauseates.
low or eat greedily; to devour. [Vol 2. Obscenely. Steele.
or resemblance of lungs; drawing in and used. | Bacon,
expelling air. Dryden. LURCH’ER, n. One that lies in wait or LUS/CIOUSNESS, xn. Immoderate rich-
LUNG'-GROWN, a. Having lungs that ad- lurks; one that watches to pilfer, or to ness or sweetness that cloys or offends.
here to the pleura. Harvey. betray or entrap; a poacher. Mortimer.
LUN‘GIS, n. [Fr. longis, from long.] A lin- Swift from the play the scudding lurcher flies. LU‘/SERN, n. A lynx. Johnson.
erer; a dull, drowsy fellow. Gay. LUSH, a. Ofa dark, deep, full color.
LUNG’/WORT, n. A plant of the genus Pul- 2. A dog that watches for his game. : How lush and lusty the grass looks; how
monaria. Tatler. green! Obs. Shak.
LU’NIFORM, a. [L. luna, the moon, and 3. [L. lurco, a glutton.] A glutton; a gor- LUSK, a. [Fr. lasche.] Lazy
; slothful. [.Vot
form.| Resembling the moon. mandizer. in use.]
LUNISO’LAR, a. [L. luna, moon, and sola- LUR'‘DAN, a. Blockish. [Not wsed.] LUSK, n. A lazy fellow; a lubber. [ot
ris, sol, sun.| Johnson. in use.|
Compounded of the revolutions of the sun LUR’/DAN, n. A clown; a blockhead. [/Vot LUSK/ISH,
a. Inclined to be lazy.
and moon. Johnson. used. Marston.
The lunisolar year consists of 532 common LURE, n. ]Fr. leurre.] Something held out LUSK/ISHLY, adv. Lazily.
years ; found by multiplying the cycle o to call a hawk; hence, LUSK'ISHNESS, n. Disposition to indo-
the sun by that of the moon. Encye. 2. Any enticement; that which invites by lence ; laziness. Obs. Spenser.
LU’‘NISTICE, n. [L. luna, the moon, and the prospect of advantage or pleasure; LUSO/RIOUS, a. [L. lusorius, from Ludo,
sto, steti, or sisto, to stand.] as the lures of beauty or of gain.
The farthest point of the moon’s northing LURE, v. i. To call hawks. lusi, to sport.]}
and southing, in its monthly revolution. Used in play; sportive. [Little used.]
Standing by one that /ured loud and shrill. Sanderson.
Encye. Bacon.
LUNT, n. [D. lont, Dan. lunte, a match.] LU‘SORY, a. [L. lusorius, as above.] Used
LURE, v. t. To entice; to attract; to invite in play ; playful ; as /usory methods ofin-
The match-cord used for firing cannon. by any thing that promises pleasure or
Johnson. structing children. Watts.
advantage.
LU/NULAR, a. [from L. luna, the moon.] Lured on by the pleasure of the bait. LUST, n. [Sax. G. D. Sw. lust; Dan. lyst;
In botany, like the new moon; shaped like Temple. Ir. lasadh, lust, and a burning. The pri-
a small crescent. And various science lures the learned eye. mary sense is to extend, reach, expand,
LU’/NULATE, a. [from L. luna, the moon.] Gay. to stretch forward. It is the same as
Tn botany, resembling a small crescent. LU‘RED, pp. Enticed; attracted; invited list.]
LU/PERE€AL, a. Pertaining to the Luper- by the hope of pleasure or advantage. 1. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or
calia, or feasts of the Romans in honor o LU’/RID, a. [L. luridus; W. llur, livid, a enjoy ; as the lust of gain.
Pan; as a noun, the feast itself. gloom. Qu. the root of lower.]| Gloomy ; My Just shall be satisfied upon them. Ex.
LU’PINE, n. [Fr. lupin; L. lupinus.]| A dismal. Thomson. XV.
kind of pulse. The genus Lupinus con- LU’‘RING, ppr. Enticing; calling. 2. Coneupiscence; carnal appetite ;unlaw-
tains several species, mostly annual plants, LURK, v.27. [W. lercian, to frisk or loiter ful desire of carnal pleasure. Rom.i. 2
bearing digitate leaves, and papilionaceous about, to lurk; G. lawern; D. loeren; Sw. Pet. ii.
flowers. The seeds of the white lupine lura ; Dan. lurer. See Lurch.) 3. Evil propensity ;depraved affections and
have a leguminous taste, accompanied 1. To lie hid; to lie in wait. desires. Jamesi. Ps. Ixxxi.
with a disagreeable bitterness, and are said Let us lay wait for blood; let us lurk privily 4, Vigor ; active power. [Not used.]
to be anthelmintic. Encyc. for the innocent. Prov. i. Bacon.
LU’PULIN, n. [L.lupulus, hops.] The fine 2. To lie concealed or unperceived. See LUST, v. z% [Sax. lustan; G. listen; D.
yellow powder of hops. A.W. Ives. that no selfish motive lurks in the heart. lusten ;Sw. lysta; Dan. lyster.]
LURCH, n. [W. llerc, a frisk, or frisking See 1. To desire eagerly ; to long ; with after.
about, a loitering or lurking; Ilercian, to The lurking gold upon the fatal tree. Thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates,
loiter about, to lurk. This is the same Dryden. whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. xii
 LUS LU T LUX

2. To have carnal desire; to desire eagerly|3. A sconce with lights ; a branched candle-
LU’/THERAN, n. A disciple or follower of
the gratification of carnal appetite. stick of glass. Pope. Encye. Luther ; one who adheres to the doctrines
Lust not after her beauty in thy heart. Prov. 4. The space of five years. [L. lustrum.] of Luther.
Vv
‘I. eels
Bolingbroke.
. .
LU’THERANISM, vn. The doctrines of re-
Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after|| LUS’/TRICAL, a. Pertaining to purification. ligion as taught by Luther.
her, hath committed adultery with her already Middleton. LU’/THERN, xn. In architecture, a kind of
in his heart. Matt. v. LUS’TRING, n. A species of glossy silk window over the cornice, in the roof ofa
3. To have irregular or inordinate desires. cloth. [Corruptly written and pronounced building, to admit light into the upper
The spirit that dwelleth in us /usteth to envy. lutestring. } story. Encyce.
James iv. LUS’TROUS, a. Bright; shining ; lumin- LU'TING, ppr. Closing with lute.
Lust not after evil things as they also lusted. ous. LU’/TULENT, a. [L. lutulentus, from lutum,
1 Cor. x. Good sparks and lustrous. Shak. mud.] Muddy; turbid; thick.
4. To list; to like. LUS’TRUM, n. In ancient Rome, the space LUX/ATE, v. t. [L. luo, Fr. weer, to loos-
LUS'T’FUL, a. Having lust, or eager desire of five years. en; probably from the same root as laz, L.
of carnal gratification; libidinous; as an LUST’-STAINED, a. Defiled by een x laxo, laxus.|
intemperate and lustful man. ak. To displace, or remove from its proper place,
2, Provoking to sensuality; inciting to lust LUST’ WORT, 1. [lust and wort.) A plant as a joint; to put out of joint; to dislo-
or exciting carnal desire. Tillotson. of the genus Drosera. cate. Duzx,ina like sense, is, I believe,
Thence his lustful orgies he enlarged. LUST’Y, a. [from lust; D. lustig.) Stout; not now used. Encyc.
Milton. vigorous; robust ; healthful ;able of body. LEX ATED, pp. Put out of joint; disloca-
» -=3, Vigorous; robust ; stout. Sackville. This is the correct sense of the word, ted.
5%, ““LUST’FULLY, adv. With concupiscence comprehending full health and strength; LUX’/ATING, ppr. Removing or forcing
or carnal desire. as a lusty youth. But itis now used in out of its place, as a joint; dislocating.
° if “LUST’FULNESS, n. The state of having the sense of, LUXA/TION, n. The act of moving or for-
a
carnal desires ; libidinousness. 2. Bulky; large; of great size. This sense cing a joint from its proper place or artic-
does not always include that of vigor. ulation ; or the state of being thus put out
LUST'IHQOD, n. [lusty and hood.) Vigor 3. Handsome; pleasant; saucy. Obs.
of body. Obs. Spenser. of joint.
Gower. Spenser. Shak. 2. A dislocation ; that which is dislocated.
LUST'ILY, adv. With vigor of body; 4. Copious; plentiful; as a lusty draught.
stoutly ; with vigorous exertion. Tatler. LUXE, n. Luxury. [Wot used.]
I determine to fight Justily for him. Shak. 5. Pregnant; a colloquial use. LUXU’RIANCE, bn [L. luxurians, luxurio,
LUST’INESS, n. Vigor of body ; stoutness; LU’TANIST, n. [from lute.) A person that LUXU’RIANCY, to grow rank, or to
strength; robustness ; sturdiness. plays on the lute. wanton. |
Cappadocian slaves were famous for their 1. Rank growth; strong, vigorous growth;
A celebrated lutanist was playing to a large exuberance.
lustiness. Dryden. company. Asiat. Res.
LUST’ING, ppr. Having eager desire ; hav- LUTA’‘RIOUS, a. [L. lutarius, from lutum, Flowers grow up in the garden with the great-
ing carnal appetite. est lururiancy and profusion. Spectator.
mud.]
LUST'ING, n. Eager desire; inordinate 1. Pertaining to mud; living in mud. 2, Excessive or superfluous growth.
desire ; desire of carnal gratification. 2. Of the color of mud. Grew. A fungus prevents healing only by its lurwri-
LUST’LESS, a. Listless; not willing. Obs. LUTA/TION, n. [See Lute.] ancy. Wiseman.
The act or LUXU’RIANT, a. Exuberant in growth;
Spenser. method ofluting vessels.
2. Not vigorous. Gower. abundant; as alururiant growth of grass.
LUS’TRAL, a. [L. lustralis, from lustro, to LUTE, n. [Fr. luth; It. liuto; Sp. laud; 2. Exuberant in plenty; superfluous in
D. luit; G. laute;. Sw. luta; Dan. lut; abundance.
purify. |
1. Used in purification; as lustral water ;
Russ. liotnia. Qu. loud, L. laudo.] Prune the /ucuriant, the uncouth refine.
‘An instrument of music with strings. It Pope.
lustral waves.
consists of four parts, viz; the table, the 3. A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers
2. Pertaining to purification ; as lustral days.
body or belly which has nine or ten sides, of the fructification so as to destroy the
LUS’TRATE, v.¢. [L. lustro, to cleanse. the neck, which has nine or ten stops or essential parts. Martyn.
See Luster.] divisions marked with strings, and the head LUXU’/RIANTLY, adv. With exuberant
1. To make clear or pure; to purify. [See or cross. Inthe middle of the table there growth.
Ilustrate.} is a passage for the sound. There is also LUXU’RIATE, v. 7. To grow exuberantly,
2. To view; to survey. a bridge to which the strings are fastened. or to grow to superfluous abundance.
LUSTRA’TION, n. The act or operation The strings are struck with the right LUXURIA’TION, n. The process of grow-
of making clear or pure; a cleansing or hand, and with the left the stops are press- ing exuberantly, or beyond the natural
purifying by water. ed. Encye. growth. Lee.
And holy water for Justration bring. LUTE, f {L. lutum, mud, clay.} LUXU’RIOUS, a. [Fr. lucuriewr; L. luxu-
Dryden. LU’/TING, * Among chimists, a com- riosus, from luxo, to loosen; luxor, to
9 In antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies position of clay or other tenacious sub- riot.]
by which cities, fields, armies or people stance used for stopping the juncture o 1. Voluptuous; indulging freely or excess-
defiled by crimes, were purified. Encyc. vessels so closely as t& prevent the es- ively in the pleasures of the table, the
LUS’TER, n. [Fr. lustre; L. lustrum; It. cape or entrance of air. gratification of appetite, or in rich and ex-
lustro; from L. lustro, to purify ; Dan. lys, LUTE, v. t. To close or coat with lute. pensive dress and equipage; as a luauri-
light ; lyser, to shine; Sw. lysa; D. luister, Bacon. ous life; luxurious cities.
splendor ; Ir. lasadh, lasaim, leosam, to give LU’/TE-€ASE, n. A case for a lute. Shak. . Administering to luxury; contributing to
light, to burn; leos, light.] free or extravagant indulgence in diet,
LU/TED, pp. Closed with lute. dress and equipage; as luxurious wealth.
1. Brightness; splendor ; gloss; as the luster
of the sun or stars; the luster of silk. LU'TENIST, n. A performer on the lute. Milton.
The sun’s mild duster warms the vital air. Busby. 3. Furnished with luxuries; as a luxurious
Pope]LU’TER, ,n. One who plays on a lute. table.
2. The splendor of birth, of deeds or o LU’‘TIST, 4. Softening by pleasure, or free indulgence
fame ; renown; distinction. LU/TE-STRING, n. The string of a lute. in luxury ; as luxurious ease.
His ancestors continued about four hundred Shak. 5. Lustful; libidinous ; given to the gratifi-
years, rather without obscurity than with any LU’'THERAN, a, Pertaining to Luther, the cation of lust; as a luxurious bed. Shak.
great share of luster. Wotton. reformer; as the Lutheran church. 6. Luxuriant; exuberant.
 M MAC MAC
The work under our labor grows LYD‘IAN, a. [from Lydia.) Noting a kind A quadruped of the genus Felis, resembling
Luwurious by restraint. [Vot used.] Milton. of soft slow music anciently in vogue. the common cat, but his ears are longer
LUXU’RIGUSLY, adv. In abundance o Milton. and his tail shorter. His hair is streaked
rich diet, dress or equipage ; deliciously; Lydian stone, flinty slate. Ure. with yellow, white and black colors. His
voluptuously. Dryden. LYE, n. [Sax. leah; G. lauge; D. loog; air is sprightly; he howls like the wolf,
Arm. igeou or lichow; Sp. levia; Fr. les- and walks and leaps like a cat. This an-
LUN’URIST, n. One given to luxury. sive; L. liz, whence lixivium. It coin- imal is celebrated for the sharpness of
Temple. his sight. Encye.
cides with Sax. loge, water; Ant. L. lixa,
LUXURY, n. [L. lururia, from luxe, to whence Lugdunum, Leyden, Lyons, that is, LY’RATE, [from lyre.| In botany,
loosen, | Water-town. | LY’/RATED, a. divided transversely into
1. A free or extravagant indulgence in the Water impregnated with alkaline salt im- several jags, the lower ones smaller and
pleasures of the table, asin rich and ex- bibed from the ashes of wood. more remote from each other than the
pensive diet, or delicious food and liquors; LYE, n. A falsehood. [See Lie.] upper ones; as a lyrate leaf. Martyn.
voluptuousness in the gratification of ap- LY/ING, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. [See LYRE, n. [Fr. lyre; L. tyra; Gr. apa; It.
petite; or the free indulgence in costly Lie.| and Sp. lira; D. lier; G. leier.)
dress and equipage. LYING, ppr. of lie. Telling falsehood. A stringed instrument of music, a kind of
Riches expose a man to pride and luxury. Lying in, being in childbirth. harp much used by the ancients.
Spectator. 2. n. The act of bearing a child.
LYM’NITE, n. A kind of freshwater snail,
LYR’le, {L. lyricus ; Fr. lyrique.]
2. That which gratifies a nice and fastidious LYRICAL, §“ Pertaining to a lyre or
appetite ;a dainty; any delicious food or found fossil.
harp. Lyrie poetry is such as is sung to
drink. The canvas-back duck is a luxury LYMPH, n. [L. lympha.] Water, or a col- the harp or lyre. This was much cultivar, ~~
for an epicure. orless fluid in animal bodies, separated
ted by the ancients, among whom Ana
from the blood and contained in certain
3. Any thing delightful to the senses. vessels called lymphatics. Encye, reon, Alczeus, Stesichorus, Sappho and
He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and LYMPH’ATE, Horace are distinguished as lyric poets. \ ©
by laying on it earth, furnished a kind of luwwry)
Frightened into mad- LYR’I€, x. A composer of lyric poems.
for a hermit. Addison. LYMPH/ATED, § ~ ness; raving. Addison.
4, Lust; lewd desire. [ot now used.] LYMPHAT‘I€, a. Pertaining to lymph. LYR/ICISM, n. A lyric composition.
Shak. 2, Enthusiastic. [/Vot used.] Shafisbury. Gray.
5, Luxuriance ; exuberance of growth. [.Vot LYMPHAT'Ié, x. A vessel of animal bod- LY’RIST, x». A musician who plays on the
now used.] Bacon. ies which contains or conveys lymph. harp or lyre. Pope.
The lymphatics seem to perform the whole LYS, n. A Chinese measure of length,
LY, atermination of adjectives, is a con- equal to 533 yards. Grosier.
business of absorption. Encye.
traction of Sax. lic, G. lick, D. lyk, Dan.
lige, Sw. lik, Eng. hike ;as in lovely, manly, 2. A mad enthusiast ; a lunatic. [/Vot used.] LYTE/RIAN, a. [Gr. averpros, from ave, to
that is, love-like, man-like. As the termi- Shaftsbury. loosen. ]
nation of names, ly signifies field or plain, LYMPH'EDUET, n. [L. lympha, lymph, In medical science, terminating a disease;
Sax. leag, Eng. lay, lea or ley, L. locus. and ductus, a duct.] indicating the solution of a disease.
A vessel of animal bodies which conyeys Jones.
LY’AM, n. A leash for holding a hound. the lymph. LYTH’/RODE, x. A mineral found in Nor-
Drayton. LYMPHOG’/RAPHY, n. (L. lympha, lymph, way ; its color, an aurora-red, passing into
LYC€AN’THROPY, xn. [Gr. rvxardparce ; and Gr. ypape, to describe. | brownish red or brown. It appears to be
qwxos, a wolf, and ar9penos, man.] A kind A description of the lymphatic vessels, their allied to elaolite, or fettstein.
of erratic melancholy. Cove. origin and uses. Encye. Dict. Nat. Hist.
LY€OS’/TOM, n. A Baltic fish resembling LYNX, n. [L. lynx; Gr. aoyé; D. lochs ; G. Lythrode is probably a variety offettstein.
a herring. luchs ; It. lince.] Cleaveland.

Mi.
mundi, the year of the world; MS. for MACARONI, n. [It. maccheroni, a sort of
M is the thirteenth letter of the English manuscript; MSS. for manuscripts. paste; Fr. macaroni; Gr. waxap, happy.]
Alphabet, and a labial articulation, form- J. A kind of biscuit made of flour, eggs, su-
ed by a compression of the lips. It is In astronomical tables, M stands for merid- gar and almonds, and dressed with but-
called a semi-vowel, as the articulation or ian, meridional, or mid-day.
ter and _spices. B. Jonson.
compression of the lips is accompanied In medical prescriptions, M stands for man- 2. A sort of droll or fool, and hence, a fop;
with a humming sound through the nose, iple, or handful, or misce, mix, or mixtura, a fribble ; a finical fellow.
which constitutes a difference between a mixture. Encyc.
this letter and 6b. Its sound is uniform; In the late British Pharmacopeias it signi- MA€ARON'IE, a. Pertaining to or like a
as In man, time, rim. macaroni; empty; trifling; vain; affect-
fies mensura, by measure. Parr. ed.
M is a numeral letter, and among the an- In law, M is a brand or stigma impressed on 2. Consisting of a mixture or jumble of ill
cients stood for a thousand ; a use which one convicted of manslaughter, and ad-| formed or ill connected words.
is retained by the moderns, With a dash mitted to the benefit of clergy. MA€CARON’I¢, n. A kind of burlesque
or stroke over it, M, it stands for a thou- MAB, n. [W. mab, a child.] In northern poetry, in which native words are made
sand times a thousand, or a million. mythology, the queen of the imaginary to end in Latin terminations, or Latin
As an abbreviation, M stands for Marcus, beings called fairies. words are modernized. Jones. Eneye.
Martius, Manlius or Mutius. 2. A slattern. Ray. MACAROON, the same as macaroni.
A.M. or M.A. stands for artium magister, MAB, v. 7. To dress negligently. Ray. MACAU’€CO, n. A name of several species
master of arts; M. D. for medicine doc- MA€, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, of quadrupeds of the genus Lemur.
tor, doctor of medicine; A. M. for anno signifies son. [See Maid.] Eneye-
 MAC MAC MAD
MACAW’, The name of a race of beau- MA€HI€OLA’TION, xn. [Fr. meche, a match, MAC’ILENT, a. [L. macilentus, from mace,
MA€A‘O, ™: tiful fowls of the parrot kind, and couler, to flow.| lean, thin. See Macerate.] Lean; thin :
under the genus Psittacus. In old castles, the pouring of hot substances having little flesh.
Dict. Nat. Hist. through apertures in the upper part of the MACK’EREL, n. [D. mackreel ;G. mack-
MA€AW’-TREE,n. A species of palm tree. gate upon assailants; or the apertures rele; Fr. maquereau ; Ir. mackreil ; W.
Miller. themselves. Cyc. macrell ; from the root of L. macula, a
MA€’€ABEES, n. The name of two apoc- MA€H/INAL, a. [See Machine.] Pertain- spot; the spotted fish. So in British, it is
ryphal books in the Bible. ing to machines. Dict. called brithilh, Arm. bresell, for the like
MAC'COBOY, n. A kind of snuff. MACH/INATE, v. t. [L. machinor, from Gr. reason. |
MACE, x. [It. mazza, Sp. maza, Port. maca, Hayova or unxory.| ‘To plan; to contrive; A species of fish of the genus Scomber, an
Fr. masse, a club.] to form a scheme. Sandys. excellent table fish.
An ensign of authority borne before magis- MACH/INATED, pp. Planned; contrived. MACK’‘EREL, n. [Old Fr. maquerel.} A
trates. Originally, the mace was a club MACH /INATING, ppr. Contriving ; schem- pander or pimp.
or instrument of war, made of iron and ing. Mackerel-gale, in Dryden, may mean a
much used by cavalry. It was in the MACHINA'TION, n. [Fr. See Machine.] a gate that ripples the surface of the sea,
shape of a coffee mill. Being no longer The act of planning or contriving a or one which is suitable for catching mack-
a weapon of war, its form is changed; scheme for executing some purpose, par- erel, as this fish is caught with the bait in
it is made of silver or copper gilt, and or- ticularly an evil purpose ; an artful design motion.
namented with a crown, globe and cross. formed with deliberation. Shak. MACK’EREL-SKY, n. A sky streaked or
Encyc. MACH/INATOR, n. One that forms a marked like a mackerel. Hooke.
A leaden mace. Shak. scheme, or who plots with evil designs. MA€’LE, n. A name given to chiastolite or
A heavy iron mace. Knolles. Glanville. hollow spar. Cyc.
MACE, x. [L. macis.] A spice ; the second MA€LU’RITE, n. A mineral of a brilliant
coat which covers the nutmeg, a thin and MACHINE, n. [Fr. from L. machina.] An pale green color, so called in honor of
membranaceous substance of an oleagi- artificial work, simple or complicated, that Maclure, the mineralogist. Nuttall.
nous nature and yellowish color, being in serves to apply or regulate moving power,
flakes divided into many ramifications ; it or to produce motion, so as to save time MA€‘/ROCOSM, n. [Gr. uaxpos, great, and
or force. The simple machines are the xos0s, world.]
is extremely fragrant and aromatic.
Encye. six mechanical powers, viz. ; the lever, The great world; the universe, or the visi-
the pulley, the axis and wheel, the wedge, ble system of worlds; opposed to micro-
MA/CE-ALE, n. Ale spiced with mace. cosm, or the world of man. Encyc.
Wiseman. the screw, and the inclined plane. Com-
MA/‘CE-BEARER,7. A person who carries plicated machines are such as combine MA€ROL/OGY, n. [Gr. waxpos, great, and
two or more of these powers for the pro- royos, discourse. |
a mace before men in authority.
Spectator. duction of motion or force. Encye. Long and tedious talk ;prolonged discourse
MAC’/ERATE, v.t. [L. macero, from macer, 2. Anengine; an instrument offorce. without matter ; superfluity of words.
thin, lean; maceo, to be thin or lean; Fr. With inward arms the dire machine they load. Bullokar.
maigre; Eng. meager ; It. macro; Sp. ma- Dryden. MA€TA/TION, x. [L. macto, to kill.] The
gro; probably allied to Eng. meek, Ch. 3. Supernatural agency in a poem, or a su- act of killing a victim for sacrifice.
ysomak. Class Mg. No. 2. and 9.] perhuman being introduced into a poem Encye.
1. To make lean; to wear away. Harvey. to perform some exploit. Pope. MA€‘ULA, n. [L.] A spot, as on the skin,
2. To mortify ; to harass with corporeal MACHINERY, n. A complicated work, or on the surface of the sun or other lu-
hardships ; to cause to pine or waste or combination of mechanical powers in a minous orb.
away. work, designed to increase, regulate or MA€’ULATE, v. t. [L. maculo.] To spot;
Out of excessive zeal they macerate their] apply motion and force ; as the machinery to stain. Elyot.
bodies and impair their health. Fiddes. of a watch or other chronomoter. MA€’ULATE, Spotted
3. To steep almost to solution ; to soften 2. Machines in general. The machinery of MAGULATED, ¢% ~Poled:
and separate the parts of a substance by a cotton-mill is often moved by a single MACULA’TION, n. The act of spotting; a
steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive wheel. spot; a stain. Shak.
process. So we say, food is macerated in 3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman MA€’ULE, n. A spot. [supra.] [Litile used.]
the stomach. beings introduced by the poet to solve MAD, a. (Sax. gemaad ; Ir. amad; It. matto,
MAC’ERATED, pp. Made thin or lean; difficulty, or perform some exploit which mad, foolish ; mattone, a brick, and an ar-
steeped almost to solution. exceeds human power ; or the word may rant fool; matteria and mattezza, foolish-
MAC’ERATING, ppr. Making lean; steep- signify the agency of such beings, as sup- ness ;ammattire, to become distracted.]
ing almost to solution ; softening. posed deities, angels, demons and the like. . Disordered in intellect; distracted ; furi-
MACERA'TION, n. The act or the process ous.
Nec Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus
of making thin or lean by wearing away, Incidit. Horace. We must bind our passions in chains, lest like
or by mortification. mad folks, they break their locks and bolts.
A deity is not to be introduced, unless a Taylor.
2. The act, process or operation of soft- difficulty occurs that requires the inter-
ening and almost dissolving by steeping in vention of a god. 2. Proceeding from disordered intellect or
a fluid. The machinery of Milton’s Paradise Lost, expressing it; as a mad demeanor.
The saliva serves for the maceration and dis-
consists of numerous superhuman person- Milton.
solution of the meat into chyle. Ray.
MACE-REED, or REED-MACE,x. A plant ages. Pope’s Rape of the Lock is render- 3. Enraged; furious; as a mad bull.
ed very interesting by the machinery of And being exceedingly mad against them, I
of the genus Typha. persecuted them, even to strange cities. Acts
MACHIAVE’LIAN, a. [from Machiavel, sylphs.
XXV1.
an IJtalian writer, secretary and_histori- MACHINING, a. Denoting the machinery 4. Inflamed to excess with desire ; excited
ographer to the republic of Florence. | of a poem. [Vot used.] Dryden. with violent and unreasonable passion or
Pertaining to Machiavel, or denoting his MACHINIST, 2. (Fr. machaniste.] A con- appetite ; infatuated ; followed properly
principles ; politically cunning ; crafty; structor of machines and engines, or one by after.
cunning in political management. well versed in the principles of machines. The world is running mad after farce, the
MACHIAVE’LIAN, n. One who adopts the MACIG'NO, n. [It.] A species of stone of extremity of bad poetry. Dryden.
principles of Machiavel. two varieties, one of a grayish yellow “ Mad upon their idols,” would be bet-
MACH IAVELISM, xn. The principles of} color, the other ofa bluish gray color. ter rendered, “ Mad after their idols.”
Machiavel, or practice in conformity to Cyc. Jer. 1.
them; political cunning and artifice, in- MAC’ILENCY, n. [See Macilent.] Lean-]\5 Y . Distracted with anxiety or trouble; ex-
tended to fayor arbitrary power. Cye. ness, tremely perplexed.
 MAD MAG MAG
Thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes— 2. A man without understanding. tion. This word is formed with the She-
Deut. xxviii. 3. One inflamed with extravagant passion, mitie prefix m.]
o . Infatuated with folly. and acting contrary to reason. 1. A stofe of arms, ammunition or provis-
The spiritual man is mad. Hos. ix. f MAD‘NESS, n. [from mad.] Distraction ; ions; or the building in which such store
ss!- Inflamed with anger; very angry. [This' a state of disordered reason or intellect, is deposited. It is usually a public store
is @ common and perhaps the most general in which the patient raves or is furious. or storehouse.
sense of the word in America. It is thus There are degrees of madness as of folly. 2. In ships of war, a close room in the hold,
used by Arbuthnot, and is perfectly proper.] Locke. where the gunpowder is kept. Large
8. Proceeding from folly or infatuation. | 2. Extreme folly; headstrong passion and ships have usually two magazines.
Mad wars destroy in one year the worksof Mar. Dict.
many years of peace. 5 Franklin.
rashness that act in opposition to reason;
as the madness of a mob. 3. A pamphlet periodically published, con-
MAD, v.t. To make mad, furious or angry. taining miscellaneous papers or composi-
Sidney. 3. Wildness of passion ; fury ; rage; as the tions. The first publication of this kind
MAD, v. 7. To be mad, furious or wild. madness of despair.
in England, was the Gentleman’s Mag-
Wickliffe. Spenser. \MADO’NA, [Sp. madona, It. madon-
azine, which first appeared in 1731, under
MAD, [Sax. Goth. matha.] An earth- MADONNA, ¢ na, my lady.) <A term
the name of Sylvanus Urban, by Edward
MADE,2"™ worm. [But this is the Eng. of compellation equivalent to madam. It
is given to the virgin Mary. Cave, and which is still continued.
moth. | Ray.
MAD/AM, n. [Fr. ma, my, and dame.] An MAD’/‘REPORE, n. [Fr. madre, spotted, and MAGAZINER, magazine.
n. One who writes for a
[Little used.]
appellation or complimentary title given pore.]
Goldsmith.
to married and elderly ladies, or chiefly to A submarine substance of a stony hardness,
them. resembling coral. It consists of carbonate MAGE, n. A magician. [.Vot used.
MAD‘APPLE, x. A plant of the genus Se- of lime with some animal matter. It is of penser.
Janum. a white color, wrinkled on the surface, and Magellanic clouds, whitish clouds, or appear-
MAD’BRAIN, Disordered in mind; full of cavities or cells, inhabited by a ances like clouds near the south pole,
MAD'‘BRAINED, § “ hot-headed; rash. small animal. From a liquor discharged which revolve like the stars; so called
Shak. by this animal, the substance is said to be from Magellan, the navigator. They are
MAD’€AP, a. [mad-caput or cap.] A vio- formed. Madrepores constitute a genus three in number. Cyc.
lent, rash, hot-headed person; a madman. of polypiers, of variable forms, always
garnished with radiated plates. MAG/GOT, x. [W. macai, plu. maceiod,
MAD’DEN, v. t. mad/n. To make mad. magiod, a maggot or grub, from magu, to
Thomson. Encye. Dict. Nat. Hist.
breed.
MAD/DEN, v.i. To become mad; to act MAD’REPORITE, n. A name given to 1, A worm or grub; particularly, the fly-
as if mad. certain petrified bones found in Normandy, worm, from the egg of the large blue or
They rave, recite and madden round the land. in France, belonging to a cetaceous fish green fly. This maggot changes into a
Pope. or to a species of crocodile. These bones
contain many little brown lines in zigzag, Y:
MAD DENED, pp. Rendered mad. 2. A whim; an odd fancy.
MAD'DENING, ppr. Making mad or an- resembling entangled threads. They have
none of the properties of madrepore. MAG’GOTY, a. Full of maggots.
gry. MAG’/GOTY-HEADED, a. Having ahead
MAD DER, n. [Sax. meddere.] A plant of Dict. Nat. Hist.
MAD’/REPORITE, n. A variety of lime- full of whims. L. of Wood.
the genus Rubia, one species of which is
much used in dyeing red. The root is stone, so called on account of its occurring MA/GI, 7. plu. [L.] Wise men or philoso-
used in medicine as an aperient and de- in radiated prismatic concretions resem- phers of the East. Fotherby.
tergent, and is in great reputation as an bling the stars of madrepores. When MA/GIAN, a. [L. magus; Gr. uoyos.] Per-
emmenagogue. It is cultivated in France rubbed, it emits the smell of sulphureted taining to the Magi, a sect of philos-
and Holland. Encyc. Hill. hydrogen gas. ophers in Persia.
MAD’DING, ppr. of mad. Raging; furious. 2. Fossil madrepore. MA/GIAN, n. One of the sect of the Per-
Milton. Dryden. MADRIE’R, n. [Fr.] A thick plank armed sian Magi, who hold that there are two
MADE, pret. and pp. of make. with iron plates, with a cavity to receive principles, one the cause of good, the oth-
MADEFA€’TION, n. [L. madefacio.] The the mouth of a petard, with which it is ap- er of evil. The knowledge of these phi-
act of making wet. pled to any thing intended to be broken losophers was deemed by the vulgar to be
MAD’‘EFIED, pp. Made wet. Bacon. down; also, a plank used for supporting supernatural. Encyc.
MAD'EFY, v. t. [L. madefio.] To make wet the earth in mines. | Chambers. Bailey. MA‘GIANISM, xn. The philosophy or doc-
or moist; to moisten. {Mot much used.] MAD’/RIGAL, n. [Sp. Port. Fr. id.; It. trines of the Magi.
MAD/EFYING, ppr. Making moist or wet. madrigale. Its origin is not ascertained. | IMAG‘I€, xn. [L. magia; Gr. ways, from
MADEIRA, n. A rich wine made on the NE A little amorous poem, sometimes called hayos, a philosopher among the Persians.]
isle of Madeira. a pastoral poem, containing a certain th. The art or science of putting into action
MADEMOISELLE, n. [Fr. ma, my, and number of free unequal verses, not confi- the power of spirits ;or the science of
demoiselle, damsel. See Damsel.] ned to the scrupulous regularity of a son- producing wonderful effects by the aid of
A young woman, or the title given to one; net or the subtilty of the epigram, but con- superhuman beings, or of departed spirits ;
miss; also, the puppet sent from the French taining some tender and delicate, though sorcery ;enchantment. [Jhis art or sct-
metropolis to exhibit the prevailing fash- simple thought, suitably expressed. Cyc. ence is now discarded. |
ions. Spectator. | 2.. An elaborate vocal composition in five or 2. The secret operations of natural causes.
MAD/HEADED, n. Hot brained; rash. six parts. Busby. Bacon.
Shak. MAD'WORT, x. A plant of the genus Natural magic, the application of natural
MAD/HOUSE, x. A house where insane Alyssum. causes to passive subjects, by which sur-
persons are confined for cure or for re- IM/ESTO’SO, an Italian word signifying prising effects are produced. Encyc.
straint.
majestic, a direction in music to play the Celestial magic, attributes to spirits a kind
MAD/‘ID, a. [L. madidus.] Wet; moist. part with grandeur and strength. of dominion over the planets, and to the
[Not in use.] MAF’FLE, v. i. To stammer. [JVot in use.] planets an influence over men.
MAD'LY, adv. [from mad.] Without rea- Barret. Superstitious or geotic magic, consists in the
son or understanding ; rashly ; wildly. invocation of devils or demons, and sup-
2. With extreme folly or infatuated zeal or MAGAZINE, vn. [Fr. magazin; It. magaz- poses some tacit or express agreement be-
passion. zino; Sp. magacen and almacen; Port. tween them and human beings. Encye.
MAD/MAN, n. A man raving or furious Magic square, a square figure, formed by a
almazem or armazem; from Ar.
with disordered intellect; a distracted oF = series of numbers in mathematical propor-
man. gazana, to deposit or lay up for preserva- tion, so disposed in parallel and equal
 MAG MAG MAG
ranks, as that the sums of each row or line MAGNA €HARTA, n. [L .great charter.] MAGNET'I€ALNESS, x. The quality of
taken perpendicularly, horizontally, or 1. The great charter, so called, obtained by being magnetic.
diagonally, are equal. _ Encye. the English barons from king John, A. D. MAGNET‘IE€S, n. The science or princi-
Magic lantern, a dioptric machine invented 1215. This name is also given to the char- les of magnetism.
by Kircher, which, by means ofa lamp in ter granted to the people of England in MAGNETIF’EROUS, a. Producing or con-
a dark room, exhibits images of objects in the ninth year of Henry III. and confirmed ducting magnetism. Journ. of Science.
their distinct colors and proportions, with by Edward I. MAG/NETISM, n. That branch ofscience
the appearance of life itself. Encye. 2. A fundamental constitution which guar- which treats of the properties of the mag-
MAG'Ié, Pertaining to magic ; used antees rights and privileges. net, the power of the lodestone, &c.
MAG‘I€AL, § “ in magic ; as. a magic wand ; MAGNANIMITY, n. [L. magnanimitas ; 2. Power of attraction; as the magnetism of
magic art. magnus, great, and animus, mind. | interest. Glanville.
2. Performed by magic, the agency of spirits, Greamess of mind; that elevation or digni- Animal magnetism, a sympathy supposed to
or by the invisible powers of nature; as ty of soul, which encounters danger and exist between the magnet and the human
magical effects. trouble with tranquillity and _firmness, body, by means of which the magnet is
MAG/ICALLY, adv. By the arts of magic; which raises the possessor above revenge, said to be able to cure diseases ; or a fluid
according to the rules or rites of magic; and makes him delight in acts of benevo- supposed to exist throughout nature, and
by enchantment. Camden. lence, which makes him disdain injustice to be the medium of influence between
MAGICIAN, n. One skilled in magic ; one and meanness, and prompts him to sacri- celestial bodies, and the earth and human
that practices the black art ; an enchant- fice personal ease, interest and safety for bodies.
er; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorcer- the accomplishment of useful and noble MAG’NETIZE, v. t. To communicate mag-
ess. Locke. Waller. objects. netic properties to any thing ; as, to mag-
MAGISTE/RIAL, a. [See Magistrate.] Per- MAGNAN/IMOUS, a. [(L. magnanimus.] netize a needle.
taining toa master; such as suits a mas- 1. Great of mind ; elevated in soul or in sen- Seven of Deslon’s patients were magnetized
ter ; authoritative. Dryden. timent; brave; disinterested; as a mag- at Dr. Franklin’s house. Encye.
9, Proud; lofty ; arrogant; imperious ;dom- nanimous prince or general. MAG'NETIZE, v.i. To acquire magnetic
ineering. 2. Dictated by magnanimity ; exhibiting no- properties ; to become magnetic. A bar
Pretenses go a great way with men that take bleness of soul; liberal and honorable; of iron standing some time in an inclined
fair words and magisterial looks for current not selfish. vosition, will magnetize.
payment. L’ Estrange. There is an indissoluble union between a MAG'NETIZED, pp. Made magnetic.
3. In chimistry, pertaining to magistery, magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of MAG’NETIZING, ppr. Imparting magnet-
public prosperity and felicity. Washington. ism to.
which see.
MAGISTE/RIALLY, adv. With the air of MAGNAN’IMOUSLY, adv. With greatness MAG’‘NIFIABLE, a. [See Magnify.] That
a master ; arrogantly; authoritatively. of mind; bravely; with dignity and eleva- may be magnified; worthy of being mag-
Bacon. South. tion of sentiment. Milton. nified or extolled. Brown.
MAGISTE/RIALNESS, n. The air and MAGNE'SIA, n. s as z. [Fr. magnesie. Qu. MAGNIF’T¢, 5
manner of a master ; haughtiness ; impe- from Magnesia, the place where first MAGNIF'ICAL, § [L. magnificus.]
riousness ; peremptoriness. Nelson. found. Lunier says, from Gr. “ayy, the \Grand ; splendid; illustrious. Milton.
MAG/ISTERY, x. [L. magisterium.] Among lodestone; but the reason he does not MAGNIF'ICATE, v. t. To magnify or ex-
chimists, a precipitate ; a fine substance assign.| tol. [Not used.] Marston.
deposited by precipitation ; usually appli- A primitive earth, having for its base a me- MAGNIFICENCE, vn. [(L. magnificentia.]
ed to particular kinds of precipitate, as tallic substance, called magnesium. It is Grandeur of appearance; greatness and
that of bismuth, coal, crab’s eyes, sulphur, generally found in combination with other splendor of show or state; as the magnifi-
&c. Obs. Encye. substances. Jit is absorbent and antacid, cence of a palace or of a procession; the
MAGISTRACY, nx. [See Magistrate.] The and moderately cathartic. Ure. magnificence of aRoman triumph.
office or dignity of a magistrate. MAGNE’SIAN, a. Pertaining to magnesia, MAGNIFICENT, a. Grand in appearance ;
Duelling is not only an usurpation of the di- or partaking ofits qualities. splendid; pompous.
vine prerogative, but it is an insult upon magis- MAG’NESITE, n. Carbonated magnesia, Man he made, and for him built
tracy. Clarissa. or magnesia combined with silex. It oc- Magnificent this world. Milton.
2. The body of magistrates. curs in amorphous masses, or in masses 2. Exhibiting grandeur. Sidney.
MAGISTRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate ; tuberous and spungiform; its color is yel-
lowish gray, or white with spots, and den- MAGNIF‘ICENTLY, adv. With splendor
authoritative. Obs. of appearance, or pomp of show. The
MAG ISTRAL, n. Asovereign medicine or dritic delineations of blackish brown.
Haiiy. Cyc. minister was magnificently entertained at
remedy. Obs. court.
MAGISTRAL'TY, x. Despotic authority MAGNE’SIUM, 2. The undecomposable 2. With exalted sentiments. We can never
in opinion. Obs. Bacon. base of magnesia.
conceive too magnificently of the Creator
MAG ISTRALLY, adv. Authoritatively ; MAG'NET, n. [L. from Gr. payrns, from and his works.
with imperiousness. Obs. Bramhall. Magnesia, in Asia Minor.}
MAGNIF’I€O, n. A grandee of Venice.
MAG/ISTRATE, n. [L. magistratus, from The Jodestone; an ore of iron which has Shak.
magister, master; magis, major, and ster, the peculiar properties of attracting metal-
lic iron, of pointing to the poles, and o MAG’‘NIFIER, x. [from magnify.] One
Teutonic steora, a director; steoran, to who magnifies ; one who extols or exalts
steer; the principal director.] dipping or inclining downwards. These
properties it communicates to iron by con- in praises.
A public civil officer, invested with the ex- 9 A glass that magnifies; a convex lens
ecutive government or some branch ofit. tact. A bar of iron to which these prop-
erties are imparted, is called an artificial which increases the apparent magnitude
In this sense, a king is the highest or first of bodies.
magistrate, as is the President of the Uni- magnet. Encye.
MAGNIFY, v.t. [L. magnifico; magnus,
ted States.” But the word is more par- MAGNET'I€, Pertaining to the
great, and facio, to make. |
ticularly applied to subordinate officers, MAGNETICAL, § “ magnet; possess-
ing the properties of the magnet, or cor- 1. To make great or greater; to increase the
as governors, intendants, prefects, mayors, apparent dimensions of a body. A con-
justices of the peace, and the like. responding properties; as a magnetic bar
ofiron, or a magnetic needle. vex lens magnifies the bulk of a body to
The magistrate must have his reverence ; the eye.
the laws their authority. Burke. 2. Attractive. 2. To make great in representation ; to ex-
She that had all magnetic force alone—
MAGISTRAT'I€, a. Having the authority Donne. ‘tol; to exalt in description or praise. The
of a magistrate. Taylor. MAGNET’ICALLY, adv. By means of embassador magnified the king and queen.
MAG ISTRATURE, n. [Fr.] Magistracy. magnetism; by the power of attraction. 3. To extol; to exalt; to elevate; to raise
{Little used.] Burton. in estimation.
 MAT MAT MAI
Thee that day 3. Fresh ;new; unused. MA‘ILED, pp. Covered with a mail or with
Thy thunders magnified. Milton. He fleshed his maiden sword. Shak. armor; inclosed and directed, as letters in
The Lord magnified Solomon exceedingly. a bundle.
1 Chron. xxix. sue MAIDEN, v. 7. To speak and act demurely
To magnify one’s self, to raise in pride and or modestly. Bp. Hall.) - a. Spotted; speckled. Sherwood.
pretensions. ; MA‘IDENHAITR, n. A plant of the genus MA‘ILING, ppr. Investing with a coat of
He shall magnify himselfin his heart. Dan. Adiantum. mail; inclosing in a wrapper and direct-
vu. MA/IDENHOOD, a. (Sax. megdenhad, |_ Ing to apost office.
MAG/NIFYING, ppr. Enlarging apparent medenhad. | [MAIM, v. t. [Old Fr. mahemeror mahaigner ;
bulk or dimensions; extolling; exalting. 1, The state of being a maid or virgin; vir- Arm. mahaigna, mahagnein.|
MAGNIL/OQUENCEH, n. [L. magnus, great, ginity. 1. 'To deprive of the use ofa limb, so as to
and loquens, speaking.] i The modest lore of maidenhood. Milton. | render a person less able to defend himself
A lofty manner of speaking; tumid, pomp- 2. Newness ; freshness ; uncontaminated in fighting, or to annoy his adversary.
ous words or style. Bentley. Blackstone.
state. Shak.
MAG/NITUDE, n. [L. magnitudo.] Extent MA’IDENLIKE, a. Like a maid; Sore 2. 'To deprive of a necessary part; to erip-
of dimensions or parts; bulk; size; ap- ple ; to disable.
Shak. You maim’d the jurisdiction of all bishops.
plied to things that have length, breadth or MA’‘IDENLINESS, x. The behavior that
thickness. Shak.
2. Greatness; grandeur.
becomes a maid; modesty; gentleness. MAIM, n. [written in law-language, may-
Sherwood.|, | hem.]
With plain heroic magnitude of mind. MATIDENLIP, n. A plaut. Ainsworth. \1. The privation of the use ofa limb or mem-
Milton. MA‘IDENLY, a. Like a maid; gentle; ber of the body, so as to render the suffer-
3. Greatness, in reference to influence or ef- modest; reserved. Shak. | er less able to defend himself or to annoy
feet; importance. In affairs of magni- MA’IDENLY, adv. Ina maidenlike man- his adversary.
tude, disdain not to take counsel. ner. Skelton. 2. The privation of any necessary part; a
MAGNO'LIA, n. The laurel-leafed tulip- MA‘IDHOOD, n. Virginity. Shak.|' crippling.
tree, of several species. MAIDMAR ‘IAN, xn. A dance; so called) Surely there is more cause to fear lest the
MAG/PIE, n. [W. piog, L. pica, with mag.] from a buffoon dressed like a man. Obs. want thereof be a maim, than the use of it a
A chattering bird of the genus Corvus. Temple. blemish. Hooker.
MAG'UEY, n. A species of aloe in Mexico, MA’IDPALE, a. Pale, like a sick girl. . Injury ; mischief. Shak.
which furnished the natives with timber Shak.|\* Essential defect.
for their buildings. Its leaves were used MA‘ID-SERVANT, n. A female servant. A noble author esteems it to be a maim in
for covering the roofs of their houses, and Swift. history. [Jot used.] Hayward.
for paper, clothing and cordage. —Encye. MAIL, n. [Fr. maille, a stitch in knitting, a MAIMED, pp. Crippled; disabled in limbs ;
The maguey is a species of the genus Agave, mail; Sp. malla, a mesh, net-work, a coat lame.
and is now cultivated in Mexico, for the of mail; Port. id. and a spot; It. maglia (MA‘IMING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of
purpose of preparing from its leaves a and camaglio; Arm. mailh; D.maal; W. the use of a limb; crippling; rendering
spirituous liquor called pulque. magyl, a knot, a mesh: maglu, to knit, to) Jame or defective.
Humboldt. entangle, to entrap, to form meshes. The MA’/IMEDNESS, nN. A state of being
MAHOG/ANY, n. A tree of the genus sense of spot, which occurs in the French|| maimed. Bolton.
Swietenia, growing in the tropical cli- and Portuguese, indicates this word to be MAIN, a. [Sax. megn, strength, force, pow-
mates of America. The wood is of a red-| from the root of L. macula, and the Welsh er, from magan, to be able or strong, that
dish or brown color, very hard, and sus- words prove it to be contracted from is, to strain or stretch, Eng. may, might.
cepuble of a fine polish. Of this are made magel. | If ¢ is radical in the L. magnus, this may
our most beautiful and durable pieces o 1. A coat of steel net-work, formerly worn be of the same family ; Goth. mickels ;
cabinet furniture. ’ for defending the body against swords, Eng. much.]
MAHOM’ETAN, This word and the poniards, &c. The mail was of two sorts, . Principal; chief; that which has most
MOHAM/MEDAN.§ name of the Ara- chain and plate mail; the former consist- power in producing an effect, or which is
bian prophet, so called, are written in ing ofiron rings, each having four others mostly regarded in prospect ; as the main
many different ways. The best authori- inserted into it; the latter consisting of a branch or tributary stream of a river; the
zed and most correct orthography seems number of small lamins of metal, laid over main timbers of an edifice; a main de-
to be Mohammed, Mohammedan. [See one another like the scales of a fish, and sign; a main object.
Mohammedan} sewed down to a strong linen or lethern Our main interest is to be as happy as we can,
MA/‘HOUND, n. Formerly a contemptuous and as long as possible. Tillotson.
jacket. , Cyc. - Mighty; vast; as the main abyss.
name for Mohammed and the devil, &c. 2. Armor; that which defends the body.
Skelton. Milton.
We strip the lobster of his scarlet mail. 3. Important; powerful.
MAID, n. A species of skate fish.
Gay.
MAID, Sax. megth, from meg, a We read also ofshirts of mail, and gloves This young prince, with a train of young no-
MAIDEN, general a
name t
of relation,
of mail. blemen and gentlemen, not with any main army,
man, boy, or woman; Goth. magath ; D. 3. In ships, a square machine came over to take possession of his patrimony.
composed of; | Dawies,
maagd; G.magd; Ir. mogh,a man; Sp.
rings interwoven, like net-work, used for MAIN, x. Strength; force; violent effort ;
mozo, a man-servant, a bachelor; moza, aj
rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and
maid; Port. macho, a male; Russ. muj.| white cordage. asin the phrase, “ with might and main.”
It coincides in elements with Sax. magan, \4. Arent. [Sax. mal.] Also,a spot. Obs. Dryden.
to be able, Eng. may.] 2. The gross; the bulk; the greater part.
MAIL, n. [Fr. malette ; Ir. mala ; Fr. malle ;
1. An unmarried woman, or a young un- Arm. mal.] The main of them may be reduced to lan-
married woman ; a virgin. guage and an improvement in wisdom—
A bag for the conveyance of letters and pa- Locke.
2. A female servant. Dryden. pers, particularly letters conveyed from 3. The ocean ; the great sea, as distinguish-
3. It is used in composition, to express the one post office to another, under public
feminine gender, as in maid-servant. ed from rivers, bays, sounds and the like.
authority. He fell, and struggling in the main—
MA‘IDEN, n. A maid; also, an instrument MAIL, v. t. To put on a coat of mail or ar-
for beheading criminals, and another for . Dryden.
washing linen. mor; to arm defensively. Shak. . The continent, as distinguished from an
2. To inclose ina wrapper and direct to a isle. We arrived at Nantucket on Satur-
MA‘IDEN, a. Pertaining to a young woman post office. We say, letters were mailed
or virgin; as maiden charms. day, but did not reach the main till Mon-
for Philadelphia. day. In this use of the word, land is omit-
2. Consisting of young women or virgins. MA‘IL-€OACH, n. A coach that conveys ted; main for main land.
Amid the maiden throng. Addison. the public mails. ‘5. A hamper. Tinsworth.
Vol. IT, 11
 MAI MAI MAJ
6. A course; a duct. Act of Partiament. 3. To continue; not to suffer to cease; as, MA/JA, n. A bird of Cuba, ofa beautiful yel-
For the main, in the main, for the most part; to maintain a conversation. low color, whose flesh is accounteda deli-
in the greatest part. 4. To keep up; to uphold; to support the cacy. Dict. Nat. Hist.
MAIN, n. [L. manus, hand; Fr. main.) A expense of; as, to maintain state or equip- MAJES’TI€, a. [from majesty.] August ;
hand at dice. We throw a merry main. age. having dignity of person or appearance;
And lucky mains make people wise. [JVot What maintains one vice would bring up two grand; princely. The prince was majes-
used.] Prior. children. Franklin. tic in person and appearance.
'5. To support with food, clothing and other In his face
2. A match at cock fighting. Sat meekness, hightened with majestic grace.
MA‘IN-LAND, n. The continent; the princi- conveniences; as, to maintain a family by
trade or labor. Milton.
pal land, as opposed to an isle. — Dryden. 2. Splendid; grand.
MAINLY, adv. Chiefly; principally. He 6. To support by intellectual powers, or by Get the start of this majestic world. Shak.
is mainly occupied with domestic con- force of reason; as, to maintain an argu-
3. Elevated; lofty.
cerns. ment. The least portions must be of the epic kind;
2. Greatly ;toa great degree; mightily. 7. To support; to defend ; to vindicate ; to all must be grave, majestic and sublime.
Bacon. justify; to prove to be just; as, to main- Dryden.
MA/‘IN-MAST, n. The principal mast in a tain one’s right or cause. 4. Stately ;becoming majesty ; as a majestic
ship or other vessel. 8. To support by assertion or argument ; to air or walk.
MA/IN-KEEL, n. The principal keel, as|| affirm. MAJES’TI€AL, a. Majestic.
In tragedy and satire, I maintain that this MAJES/TICALLY, adv. With dignity ; with
[Little used.}
distinguished from the false keel. age and the last have excelled the ancients.
MA/INOR, n. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour, Dryden.
grandeur ; with a lofty air or appearance.
L. a manu, from the hand, or in the work. | MAJESTY, n. [L. majestas, from the root
The old law phrase, to be taken as a thief with), MAINTA/‘INABLE, a. That may be main-
tained, supported, preserved or sustained. 1.
of magis, major, more, greater.]
the mainor, signifies, to be taken in the very Greatness of appearance; dignity ; gran-
act of killing venison or stealing wood, or 2. That may be defended or kept by force deur; dignity of aspect or manner; the
or resistance; as, a military post is not quality or state of aperson or thing which
in preparing so to do; or it denotes the
being taken with the thing stolen upon maintainable. inspires awe or reverence in the beholder ;
3. That may be defended by argument or applied with peculiar propriety to God and
him. Blackstone.
just claim ; vindicable ; defensible. his works.
MAINPERN’ABLEB, a. That may be ad-
MAINTA‘INED, pp. Kept in any state; Jehovah reigneth; he is clothed with majesty.
mitted to give surety by mainpernors; that
preserved ; upheld ; supported ; defended ; Ps. xciil.
maybe mainprized.
vindicated. The voice of Jehovah is full of majesty. Ps.
MAINPERN’OR, n. [Old Fr. main, the
hand, and prendre, to take ; pernon, pernez,
MAINTA/‘INER, n. One who supports, pre- XXIX.
serves, Sustains or vindicates. It is applied to the dignity, pomp and
for prenon, prenez.| MAINTA‘INING, ppr. Supporting; pre- splendor of earthly princes.
In law, a surety for a prisoner’s appearance
serving ; upholding ; defending; vindica- When he showed the riches of his glorious
incourtataday. Mainpernors differ from
bail, in that a man’s bail may imprison or ting. kingdom—the honor of his excellent majesty
MA/INTENANCE, n. Sustenance ; susten- many days— _ Esth.i.
surrender him before the stipulated day of
tation; support by means of supplies of| 2. Dignity ;elevation of manner.
appearance ; mainpernors can do neither; food, clothing and other conveniences ;
they are bound to produce him to answer The first in loftiness of thought surpass’d,
as, his labor contributed little to the main- The next in majesty— Dryden.
all charges whatsoever. Blackstone.
tenance of his family.
MA/INPRIZE, n. [Fr. main, hand, and 2. Means of support; that which supplies 3. A title of emperors, kings and queens;
prendre, pris, to take.| as most royal majesty ;may it please your
conveniences. majesty. In this sense, it admits of the
1. In law, a writ directed to the sheriff, com-
manding him to take sureties for the pris- Those of better fortune not making learning plural; as, their majesties attended the
their maintenance. Swift. concert.
oner’s appearance, and to let him go at
large. These sureties are called main- 3. Support; protection; defense; vindica- MA/JOR, a. [L.] Greater in number, quan-
pernors. Blackstone. tion; as the maintenance of right or just tity or extent ; as the major part of the as-
2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for claims. sembly ; the major part of the revenue ;
his appearance at a day. 4. Continuance; security from failure or the major part of the territory.
MA‘INPRIZE, -v. t. To suffer a prisoner to decline. 2. Greater in dignity.
go at large, on his finding sureties, main- Whatever is granted to the church for God’s My major vow lies here. Shak.
pernors, for his appearance at a day. honor and the maintenance of his service, is 3. In music, an epithet applied to the modes
MA‘IN-SAIL, x. The principal sailin a ship. granted to God. South. in which the third is four semitones above
The main-sail of a shipor brig is extended 5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a the tonic or key-note, and tointervals con-
by a yard attached to the main-mast, and suit in which the person has no interest, sisting of four semitones. Busby.
that of a sloop, by the boom. by assisting either party with money or Major and minor, in music, are applied to
MA/IN-SHEET, n. The sheet that extends] - means to prosecute or defend it. This is concords which differ from each other by
and fastens the main-sail. a punishable offense. But to assist a poor’ a semitone.
MA‘/INSWEAR, v. 1. [Sax. manswerian ;]| kinsman from compassion, is not mainte- Major tone, the difference between the fifth
man, evil, and swerian, to swear.] nance. Encye. and fourth, and major semitone is the dif-
To swear falsely ; to perjure one’s self. MA/IN-TOP, n. The top of the main-mast of] ference between the major fourth and the
Blount. | a ship or brig. third. The major tone surpasses the mi-
MAINTAIN, v. t. [Fr. maintenir ; main, MA’IN-YARD, n. The yard on which the nor by a comma. Encye.
hand, and ftenir, to hold; L. manus and main-sail is extended, supported by the MA‘JOR, n. In military affairs, an officer
teneo.| main-mast. next in rank above a captain, and below
. To hold, preserve or keep in any particu- MAISTER, for master, is obsolete. a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field offi-
lar state or condition; to support; to sus- Spenser. cer.
tain; not to suffer to fail or decline; as, MAISTRESS, for mistress, is obsolete. 2. The mayor of atown. [See Mayor.]
to maintain a certain degree of heat in a Chaucer. Aid-major, an officer appointed to act as ma-
furnace ; to maintain the digestive process MAIZ, n. A plant of the genus Zea, the na- jor on certain occasions.
or powers of the stomach; to maintain the tive corn of America, called Indian corn. Brigade-major. [See Brigade.]
fertility of soil; to maintain present char- (In the Lettish and Livonic languages, in Drum-major, the first drummer in a regi-
acter or reputation. the north of Europe, mayse is bread. Tooke.) ment, who has authority over the other
2. To hold: to keep; not to Jose or surren- In Ir. matse is food: perhaps a different drummers.
der; as, to mamlain a place or post. orthography of meat.] |Fife-major, the first or chief fifer.
 MAK MAK MAK
Sergeant-major, a non-commissioned officer, 6. 'To produce or effect, as the agent. 30. To compose; to form and write; as, to
subordinate to the adjutant. Call for Sampson, that he may make us sport. make verses or an oration.
MA/JOR, n. In law, a person of full age to Judges xvi. 31. To cure ; to dry and prepare for preser-
manage his own concerns. si 7. To produce, as the cause; to procure ; to vation ; as, to make hay.
MAJOR, n. In logic, the first proposition o obtain. Good tillage is necessary to make To make amends, to make good; to give ad-
a regular syllogism, containing the princi- good crops. equate compensation ; to replace the value
pal term; as, no unholy person is qualified Wealth maketh many friends. Prov. xix. or amount ofloss.
for happiness in heaven, [the major.] 8. To do; to perform; to execute; as, to To make account of, to esteem; to regard.
Every man in his natural state is unholy, make a journey ; to make a long voyage. Bacon.
{minor.] Therefore, no man in his natu- 9. 'To cause to have any quality, as by change To make away, to kill; to destroy.
ral state, is qualified for happiness in hea- or alteration. Wealth may make a man Sidney. Addison.
ven, [conclusion or inference.] proud ; beauty may make a woman vain ; 2. To alienate; to transfer. Waller.
MAJORA‘TION, n. Increase ; enlargement. a due sense of human weakness should We now usually say, to make over prop-
[Not used.] Bacon. make us humble. erty.
MAJOR-DOMO, n. [major and domus, 10. To bring into any state or condition ; to To make free with, to treat with freedom ; to
house.] constitute. treat without ceremony. Pope.
See I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. To make good, to rraintain ; to defend.
A man who holds the place of master of the Ex. vii.
house; a steward; also, a chief minister. Pll either die, or Pll make good the place.
Who made thee a prince and a judge over us ? Dryden.
Encye. Ex. ii.
MA’JOR-GENERAL, n. A military officer 11. To contract; to establish; 2. To fulfill; to accomplish; as, to make
as, to make
who commands a division or a number of good one’s word, promise or engagement.
friendship. Rowe.
regiments ; the next in rank below a 12. 'To keep; as, to make abode. 3. To make compensation for; to supply an
Dryden.
lieutenant general. equivalent ; as, to make good a loss or dam-
13. To raise to good fortune; to secure in age.
MAJORITY, n. [Fr. majorité ; from major.] riches or happiness ; as when it is said, he
1. The greater number; more than half; as To make light of, to consider as of no conse-
is made for this world.
a majority of mankind ; a majority of votes Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown. quence ; to treat with indifference or con-
in Congress. A measure may be carried Dryden. tempt.
by a large or small majority. 14. To suffer. They made light of it, and went their way.
2. Full age; the age at which the laws ofa He accuses Neptune unjustly, who makes Matt. xxii.
country permit a young person to manage shipwreck a second time. Bacon. To make love, 2to court; to attempt to gain
his own affairs. Henry IIJ. had no soon- 15. To incur ; as, to make a Joss. [Improper.] To make suit, §the favor or affection.
er come to his majority, than the barons Dryden. To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or
raised war against him. 16. To commit; to do. jovial. Bacon.
3. The office, rank or commission of a ma- I will neither plead my age nor sickness in To make much of, to treat with fondness or
jor. excuse of the faults which I made. [Little esteem; to consider as of great value, or
4. The state of being greater. used. | Dryden. as giving great pleasure.
17. To intend or to do; to purpose to do. To make of, to understand. He knows not
It is not a plurality of parts, without majority
Gomez, what mak’st thou here, with a whole what to make of the news, that is, he does
of parts. [Little used.] Grew.
brotherhood of city bailiffs? [ot used.] not well understand it ; he knows not how
5. [L. majores.] Ancestors; ancestry. [/Vot Dryden. to consider or view it.
used. | Brown. We now say, what doest thou here ? 2. To produce from ; to effect.
6. Chief rank. [.Vot used.] Shak. \18. To raise, as profit; to gain; to collect; Iam astonished that those who have appear-
MAKE, »v. t. pret. and pp. made. [Sax. mac- as, to make money in trade or by hus- ed against this paper, have made so very little of
ian; G. machen; D. maaken; Dan. ma- bandry; to make an estate by steady in- it. Addison.
ger, to contrive ; mager paa, to make, to dustry. 3. To consider; to account; to esteem.
form, to mold, to contrive, to practice. 19. To discover; to arrive in sight of; a Makes she no more of me than of a slave ?
The primary sense is to cause to act or seaman’s phrase. They made the land at Dryden.
do, to press, drive, strain or compel, as in nine o’clock on the larboard bow, distant To make over, to transfer the title of; to con-
the phrases, make your servant work, make five leagues. vey; to alienate. He made over his estate
him go.]} 20. To reach; to arrive at; as, to makea _ in trust or in fee.
1. To compel; to constrain. port or harbor; @ seaman’s phrase. To make out, to learn; to discover; to ob-
They should be made to rise at an early hour. 21. To gain by advance; as, to make little tain a clear understanding of. J cannot
Locke. way with a head wind; we made our way make out the meaning or sense of this dif-
2. To form of materials; to fashion ; to mold to the next village. This phrase often im- ficult passage. Antiquaries are not able
into shape; to cause to exist in a different plies difficulty. to make out the inscription on this medal.
form, or as a distinct thing. 22. To provide; as, to make a dinner or en- 2. To prove ; to evince; to establish by evi-
He fashioned it with a graving tool, after he tertainment. dence or argument. The plaintiff, not be-
had made it a molten calf. Ex. xxxii. 23. To put or place; as, to make a difference ing able to make out his case, withdrew
God not only made, but created ; not only between strict right and expedience. the suit.
made the work, but the materials. 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use. In the passages from divines, most of the rea-
Dwight, Theol. Whate’er they catch, sonings which make out both my propositions
3. To create; to cause to exist; to form Their fury makes an instrument of war. are already suggested. Atterbury.
from nothing. God made the materials of Dryden. 3. To furnish; to find or supply. He prom-
the earth and of all worlds. 25. To represent. He is not the fool you ised to pay, but was not able to make out
4, To compose ; to constitute as parts, ma- make him, that is, as your representation the money or the whole sum.
terials or ingredients united in a whole. exhibits him. To make sure of, to consider as certain.
These several sums make the whole 26. To constitute; to form. It is melan- Dryden.
amount. choly to think that sensual pleasure makes 2. To secure to one’s possession; as, to make
The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless the happiness ofa great part of mankind. sure of the game.
sea, 27. To induce; to cause. Self-confidence To make up, to collect into a sum or mass;
Make but one temple for the deity. makes a man rely too much on his own as, to make up the amount ofrent ;to make
Waller. strength and resources. up a bundle or package.
5. To form by art. 28. To put into a suitable or regular form 2. To reconcile ; to compose ; as, to make up
And art with her contending, doth aspire for use ; as, to make a bed. a difference or quarrel.
T° excel the natural with made delights. 29. To fabricate; to forge. He made the 3. To repair ; as, to makeupahedge. Ezek,
Spenser, story himself: xii.
 '" MAK MAL MAL
4. To supply what is wanting. A dollar is A companion ; 4 mate. Obs. sition to this, virtue, value and health, are
wanted to make up the stipulated sum. Spenser. B. Jonson. from the sense of strength, vigor.]
aw To compose, as ingredients or parts.
MA’KEBATE, n. [make and Sax. bate, con-|| 1, Any sickness or disease of the human
Oh, he was all made up of love and charms ! tention.] body ; any distemper, disorder or indispo-
Addison. One who excites contention and quarrels. sition, proceeding from impaired, defect-
The parties among us are made up of mode- Sidney. ive or morbid organic functions; more
rate whigs and presbyterians. Swift. MA‘KELESS, a. Matchless; without a particularly, a lingering or deep seated
6.o To shape; as, to make up a mass into mate. Obs. disorder or indisposition. It may be ap-
pills. MA’KER, n. The Creator. plied to any animal body, but is, I believe,
. To assume a particular form of features; The universal Maker we may praise. rarely or never applied to plants.
as, to make up a face ; whence, to make up : Milton. The maladies of the body may prove medi-
a lip, is to pout. 2. One that makes, forms, shapes or molds; cines to the mind. Buckminster.
8. To compensate; to make good; as, to a manufacturer ;as a maker of watches, or 2. Defect or corruption of the heart; de-
make up a loss. ofjewelry ; a maker of cloth. pravity ;moral disorder or corruption of
9. To settle; to adjust, or to arrange for 3. A poet. moral principles. Depravity of heart is «
settlement; as, to make up accounts. MA/KEPEACE, x. A peace-maker ; one moral malady.
10. To determine ; to bring to a definite con- that reconciles persons when at variance. 3. Disorder of the understanding or mind.
clusion ; as, to make up one’s mind. Shak. MAL’AGA, n. A species of wine imported
In seamen’s language, to make sail, to in- MA/KEWEIGHT, n. That which is thrown from Malaga, in Spain.
crease the quantity of sail already ex- into a scale to make weight. Philips. MALAN’‘DERS, n. [from mal, ill, and It.
tended. MA‘KI, xn. An animal of the genus Lemur. andare, to go.]
To make sternway, to move with the stern The ring-tailed maki is ofthe size ofa cat. A dry seab on the pastern of a horse.
foremost. Encye. Johnson.
To make water, to leak. The common name of a subdivision of the (MAL/APERT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy;
To make words, to multiply words. Linnean genus Lemur, including the ma- quick, with impudence : sprightly, without
MAKE, v.7i. To tend ; to proceed ; to move. cauco, the mongooz, and the vari. Cuvier. respect or decency; bold; forward.
He made towards home. The tiger made MA‘KING, ppr. Forming; causing ;com- Are you growing malapert? Dryden.
at the sportsman. Formerly authors used yelling ; creating ;constituting. MAL/APERTLY, adv. Saucily; with im-
to make way, to make on, to make forth, to MA‘KING, n. The act of forming, causing pudence. Skelton.
make about ; but these phrases are obso- or constituting. MAL/APERTNESS, nz. Sauciness; impu-
lete. We now say, to make at, to make to- 2. Workmanship. This is cloth of your own dent pertness or forwardness; sprightli-
wards. making. ness of reply without decency.
2. To contribute; to have effect. This ar- 3. Composition ; structure. MALAPROPOS, adv. malap'ropo. (Fr. mal,
gument makes nothing in his favor. He 4, A poem. evil, and apropos, to the purpose.] Unsuit-
believes wrong to be right, and right to MAL, or MALE, as a prefix, in composi- ably. Dryden.
be wrong, when it makes for his advant- tion, denotes ill or evil, Fr. mal, L. malus. MA/LAR, a. [L. mala, the cheek.] Pertain-
age. (See Malady] ing to the cheek.
3. To rise ; to flow toward land; as, the tide MAL/A€HITE, x. (Gr. uorox7, mallows, MAL/ATE, n. [L. malum, an apple.) A salt
makes fast. L. malva, from faraxos, soft, so named formed by the malic acid, the acid of ap-
To make as if, to show ; to appear; to carry from its resembling the color of the leaf, ples, combined with a base. Chimistry.
appearance. of mallows.] MAL/AXATE, v. t. [Gr. waracow.] To sof-
Joshua and all Israel made as if they were ten; to knead to softness. [.Vot used.|
beaten before them, and fled. Josh. viil.
An oxyd of copper, combined with carbonic
To make away with, to kill; to destroy. acid, found in solid masses ofa beautiful MALAXA’TION, n. The act of moistening
green color. It consists of layers, in the and softening ; or the forming ofingredi-
To make for, to move towards; to direct a ents into a mass for pills or plasters.
course towards; as, we apprehended a form of nipples or needles converging to-
wards a common center. It takes a good [Little used.) Bailey.
tempest approaching, and made for a har- MALECONFORMA'TION, xn. Tl form ; dis-
polish and is often manufactured into
bor. toys. Fourcroy. Dict. Not. Hist. proportion of parts. Tully.
9, To tend to advantage; to favor. A war MAL’CONTENT, n. [mal and content.} A
between commercial nations makes for the MAL/ACOLITE, n. [Gr. noraxzz, mallows, discontented subject of government; one
interest of neutrals. from its color.] who murmurs at the laws and adminis-
To make against, to tend toinjury. This ar- Another name for diopside, a variety of py- tration, or who manifests his uneasiness
gument makes against his cause. roxene. Cleaveland. Launier. by overt acts, as in sedition or insurrec-
To make out, to succeed; to have success at MALA€COPTERYG’EOUS, a. [Gr. naraxos, tion.
last. He made out to reconcile the con-) soft, and 2rspvy.ov, a point or fether.] MAL/CONTENT, Discontented
tending parties. Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or point- MALCONTENT’ED, ; ® with the laws
To make up, to approach. He made up to ed at the extremity; as a fish. or the administration of government ; un-
us with boldness. MALA€OS’TOMOUS, a. [Gr. HOAGXOS, easy ; dissatisfied with the government.
To make up for, to compensate ;to supply by) soft, and oroua, reouth. | The famous malcontent earl of Leicester.
an equivalent. | Having soft jaws without teeth; as a fish. Milner.
Have you 2 supply of friends to make up for) Encye. MALEONTENT’EDLY, adv. With dis-
those who are gone? Swift.) content.
To make up with, to settle differences ;to be-|
MALADMINISTRA’TION, n. [See Mal
MAL€CONTENT’EDNESS, n. Discontent-
come friends. | and Administer. | edness with the government; dissatisfac-
Bad management of public affairs; vicious
To make with, to concur. Hooker. tion; want of attachment to the govern-
or defective conduct in administration, or
MAKE, n. Structure; texture; constitution ment, manifested by overt acts.
of parts in a body. It may sometimes be the performance ofofficial duties, particu-
larly of executive and ministerial duties, Spectator-
synonymous with shape or form, but more (MALE, a. [Fr. male, for masle, from L.
properly, the word signifies the mannerin prescribed by law ; as the maladministra- masculus, from mas, maris.
which the parts of a body are united; asa tion ofa king, or of any chief magistrate.
1. Pertaining to the sex that procreates
man of slender make, or feeble make. |MAL/ADY, x. [Fr. maladie; It. malattia, young, and applied to animals of all kinds;
Is our perfection of so frail a make from the W. mall, softness, debility, an
evil, a malady; L. malum; W. mallu, to as a male child; a male beast, fish or fowl.
As every plot can undermine and shake?
Dryden. make soft or flaccid, to deprive of energy, 2. Denoting the sex of a plant whieh produ-
MAKE, n. [Sax. maca, gemaca; Dan. mage ;) to make insipid, to make evil. to become ces the fecundating dust, or a flower or
Eng. match. It seems allied to make, as} evil. This coincides in origin with Eng. plant that bears the stamens only, with-
peer, L. par, to Heb. #92.) mellow, L. mollis, Gr. waxaxos. In oppo- out pistils.
 MAL, MAL MAL
3. Denoting the screw whose threads enter MALICE, n. [Fr. It. malizia; Sp. malicia ;| towards another; malice without provo-
the grooves or channels of the corres- L. malitia, from malus, evil ; W. mall. See cation, or malevolence with baseness of
ponding or female screw. Malady. | heart; deep rooted spite.
MALE, n. Among animals, one of the sex Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence ; a 2. Virulence ; destructive tendency ; as the
whose office is to beget young; a he-ani- disposition to injure others without cause, malignity of an ulcer or disease.
mal. from mere personal gratification or from) 3. Extreme evilness of nature; as the ma-
2. In botany, a plant or flower which produ- a spirit of revenge ; unprovoked maligni- lignity of fraud.
ces stamens only, without pistils. ty or spite. 4, Extreme sinfulness; enormity or hain-
3. In mechanics, the screw whose threads —wNor set down aught in malice. Shak. ousness; as the malignity of sin.
enter the grooves or channels of the cor- MALICE, v. t. To regard with extreme ill MALIGNLY, adv. With extreme ill will.
responding part or female screw. will. [.Not used.] Spenser. 2. Unpropitiously ; perniciously.
MALEDIC/ENCY, xn. [L. maledicentia ; MALICIOUS, a. Harboring ill will or en- MAL/‘ISON, x. Malediction. [ot in use.]
male and dico.] mity without provocation; malevolent in Chaucer.
Evil speaking ; reproachful language ; prone- the extreme; malignant in heart. ~ MALKIN, n. maw‘kin. A mop; also, a low
ness to reproach. [Little used.) IT grant him bloody, maid-servant. Shak.
Atterbury. Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin MALL, n. maul. (Fr. mail; Sp. mallo ;Port.
MAL‘EDICENT; a. Speaking reproach- That has a name. Shak. malho ; from L. malleus.}
fully ;slanderous. [JZattle used.} Sandys. 2. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill 1. A large heavy wooden beetle; an instru-
MALEDI€’TION, n. [L. maledictio ; male, | will; dictated by malice; asa malicious ment for driving any thing with force.
evil, and dico, to speak.| report. 2. A blow. Obs. Spenser.
Evil speaking ;denunciation of evil; a curs- MALI’CIOUSLY, adv. With malice; with MALL, n. mal. [Arm. mailh. Qu. from a
ing; curse or execration. Hooker. extreme enmity or ill will; with deliber- play with mall and ball, or a beaten
MALEFA€’TION, n. [L. male, evil, and. ate intention to injure. Suift.| walk.]
facio, to do.] MALI’CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of be- A public walk; a level shaded walk. Allée
A criminal deed; a crime; an offense) ing malicious; extreme enmity or dispo-) Warbres battue et bordée.
against the laws. [Lattle used.] Shak. || sition to injure; malignity. Herbert. Gregoire’s Arm. Dict.
MALIGN, a. mali/ne. [Fr. maligne; L. MALL, v. t. maul. To beat with a mall; to
MALEFA€’TOR, xn. [supra.] One who malignus, from malus, evil. See Malady.)
commits a crime; one guilty of violating 1. Having a very evil disposition towards, beat with something heavy; to bruise.
the laws, in such a manner as to subject MAL‘/LARD, x. A species of duck of the
others; harboring violent hatred or enmi-, genus Anas. Pennant.
him to public prosecution and punishment, ty; malicious; as malign spirits. Milton.)
particularly to capital punishment; a 2. Unfavorable; pernicious; tending to in- MALLEABIL'ITY, 2x. [from malleable.}
criminal. Dryden. That quality of bodies which renders them
jure ; as a malign aspect of planets. susceptible of extension by beating. It is
MAL/EFICE, n. [Fr. See Malefaction.| An Milton.
evil deed; artifice ; enchantment. [Not 3. Malignant; pernicious ; as a malign ulcer. opposed to friability or brittleness. Locke.
in use.| Chaucer. MAL‘LEABLE, a. [Fr. from L. malleus.
Bacon. See Mall.|
MALEFI’CIATE, v. t. To bewitch. [.Vot MALIGN, v.¢. To regard with envy or
in use.] Burton. | malice ; to treat with extreme enmity ; to That may be drawn out and extended by
MALEFICIA’TION, n. A bewitching. || injure maliciously. beating ;capable of extension by the ham-
[Wot in use.] mer; a quality of metals, particularly of
| The people practice mischief against private} gold. Newton.
MALEFI’CIENCE, n. [L. maleficientia.]| men, whom they malign by stealing thei:
The doing of evil, harm or mischief. Spenser. MAL’/LEABLENESS, Malleability,
nN.
goods and murdering them.
which see.
MALEFI’CIENT, a. Doing evil, harm or! \2. To traduce ; to defame.
MAL/LEATE, v. t. To hammer; to draw
mischief. Burke. MALIGN, v. 7%. ‘To entertain malice.
Milton. | into a plate or leaf by beating.
MALEN’GINE, 2. [Fr. malengin.] Guile ;
deceit. [/Vot in use.] Spenser. |MALIG/NANCY, n. [See Malignant.] Ex- MALLEA’TION, n. The act of beating into
a plate or leaf, asa metal; extension by
MAL/ET, n. [Fr. malette. See Mail.] Aj || treme malevolence ; bitter enmity ; mal-) beating.
little bag or budget; a portmanteau. [JVot) ice; as malignancy of heart.
used. | Shelton. 2. Unfavorableness; unpropitiousness; as MAL/LET, xn. [Fr. maillet; Russ. molot;
Slav. mlat; L. malleus.)
MALEV/OLENCE, n. [L. malevolentia ;|| the malignancy of the aspect of planets.
A wooden hammer or instrument for beat-
malum, evil, and volens, volo, to will.] The malignancy of my fate might distemper} ing, or for driving pins; particularly used
Ill will; personal hatred; evil disposition yours. Shak.|
towards another; enmity of heart; incli- 3. Virulence ; tendency to mortification or to, in carpentry, for driving the chisel.
nation to injure others. It expresses less a fatal issue ; as the malignancy of an ul- MALLOW, _ [Sax. malu, mealwe, male ;
than malignity. Shak. cer or of a fever. MALLOWS, ,™" Fr. mauve; L. Sp. It.
MALEV/OLENT, «a. Having an evil dispo- MALIG/NANT, a. [L. malignus, maligno,| nalva ; Gr. uorazn, from uaraxos, soft, Eng.
sition towards another or others ; wishing) from malus, evil.] mellow, W. mall. See Malady.)
evil to others ; ill disposed, or disposed to 1. Malicious; having extreme malevolence A plant of the genus Malva; so called from
injure others. A malevolent heart rejoices, or enmity 3 as a malignant heart. its emollient qualities.
in the misfortunes of others. fw). Unpropitious; exerting pernicious influ-) Marsh-mallows, a plant of the genus Althea.
2. Unfavorable ; unpropitious ; bringing ca-| ence; as malignant stars. Shak. MALM’SEY, xn. [Fr. malvoisie ; It. malvosio ;
lamity. 2 . Virulent; as a malignant ulcer. | Sp. marvisia, from Malvasia, in Greece ; L.
|v

MALEV’/OLENTLY, adv. With ill will or} 4 . Dangerous to life; as a malignant fever. vinum arvisium.]
enmity ; with the wish or design to injure.| 5 . Extremely hainous; as the malignant The name ofa species of grape, and also of
MALEV/OLOUS, a. Malevolent. [Not in| nature of sin. a kind of wine.
use. | Warburton.| MALIG/NANT, n. A man of extreme en-| MALPRA€’TICE, xn. [mal and practice.]
MALFE’ASANCE, n. [Fr.] Evil doing; mity or evil intentions. {Wot used.] Evil practice ; illegal or immoral conduct;
wrong; illegal deed. | Hooker. practice contrary to established rules.
Ee tee n. [mal and forma- MALIG/NANTLY, adv. Maliciously ; with} MALT, n. [Sax. mealt; D. mout ; G. maiz;
tion. extreme malevolence. Sw. Dan. malt. Qu. W. mall, soft.]
Ill or wrong formation; irregular or anoma-| 2. With pernicious influence. Barley steeped in water, fermented and dried
lous formation or structure of parts. MALIGNER, n. One who regards or treats in a kiln, and thus prepared for brewing
Darwin. another with enmity; a traducer; a defa- into ale or beer.
MA/LI€, a. [L. malum, an apple.] Pertain- mer. Swift. MALT, v. t. To make into malt; as, to malt
ing to apples; drawn from the juice of| MALIG'NITY, xn. [L. malignitas.] Ex- barley.
apples; as malic acid. Chimistry. treme enmity, or evil dispositions of heart MALT, v. 7. To become malt.
\
 MAM MAN MAN
To house it green will make it malt worse. means of one or more placentas, and the And God said, Let us make man in our im-
Mortimer. young by milk secreted by the breasts. age, after our likeness, and let them have do-
MALT’-DRINK, A liquor prepared for Dict. Nat. Hist. minion— Gen. i.
MALT’-LIQUOR, § drink by an infusion MAMMIF’EROUS, a. [supra.] Having Man that is born of a woman, is of few
of inalt; as beer, ale, porter, &c. breasts and nourishing the young by the days and full of trouble. Job xiv.
MALT’-DUST, xn. The grains or remains of My spirit shall not always strive with man.
milk secreted by them. Gen. vi.
malt. MAM/MIFORM, a. [L. mamma and form.] I will destroy man whom I have created.
-Malt-dust is an enricher of barren land. Having the shape or form ofpaps. Gen. vi.
Mortimer. MAM’MILLARY, a. [L. mamilla.| Pertain- There hath no temptation taken you, but
MALT’-FLOOR, x. A floor for drying malt. ing to the paps; resembling a pap; an such asis common to man. 1 Cor. x.
Mortimer. epithet applied to two small protuberan- It is written, man shall not live by bread
MALT’-HORSE, n. A horse employed in ces, like nipples, found under the fore ven- alone. Matt. iv.
grinding malt; hence, a dull fellow. tricles of the brain, and to a process of the There must be somewhere sucha rank as
Shak. temporal bone. man. Pope.
MALTMAN, A man whose occupation 2. In mineralogy, applied to minerals compo- Respecting man, whatever wrong we call—
MALTSTER, §“is to make malt. Swift. sed of convex concretions. Pope.
But vindicate the ways of God to man.
MALTWORM, n. [malt and worm.] A tip- MAM’‘MILLATED, a. Having small nip- Pope.
ler. Shak. ples, or little globes like nipples. Say. The proper study of mankind is man.
MAL/TALENT, xn. [Old Fr.] Tl humor. MAM’MO¢€, n. A shapeless piece. [/Vot Pope.
[ot in use.] Chaucer. used. | » Herbert. In the System of Nature, man is ranked as a
MAL/THA, n. A variety of bitumen, vis- MAM’MO6, v. t. To tear in pieces. [.Vot distinct genus. Encye.
cid and tenacious, like pitch ; unctuous to used. | Milton. When opposed’ to woman, man some-
the touch and exhaling a bituminous odor. MAM’MODIS, n. Coarse, plain India mus- times denotes the male sex in general.
Cleaveland. lins. Woman has, in general, much stronger pro-
MALTRE’AT, v. t. [mal and treat.] To MAM’MON, n. [Syr.] Riches; wealth; or pensity than man to the discharge of parental
treat ill; to abuse ; to treat roughly, rude- duties. Cowper.
the god of riches.
ly, or with unkindness. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Matt. 2. A male individual of the human race, of
MALTRE’ATED, pp. Ill treated ; abused. vi. adult growth or years.
MALTRE’ATING, ppr. Abusing ; treating MAM/MONIST, nv. A person devoted to The king is but a man as I am. Shak.
the acquisition of wealth; one whose af-| And the man dreams but what the boy
unkindly. believed. Dryden.
MALTRE/ATMENT, n. Ill treatment ; ill fections are placed supremely on riches; 3. A male of the human race ; used often in
usage ; abuse. a worldling. Hammond.| compound words, or in the nature of an
MALVA‘CEOUS, a. [L. malvaceus, from MAM’MOTH, n. [Russ. mamant, the skel-
adjective ; as a man-child ; men-cooks ;
malva, mallows.] Pertaining to mallows. eton of a huge animal, now extinct.] men-servants.
MALVERSA’TION, n. [L. male, ill, and This name has been given to a huge quad-| 4. A servant, or an attendant of the male
versor, to behave.] ruped, now extinct, whose bones are sex.
Evil conduct ; improper or wicked behavior ; found on both continents. I and my man will presently go ride.
mean artifices, or fraudulent tricks. MAN, n. plu. men. [Sax. man, mann and) Cowley.
Burke. mon, mankind, man, a woman, a vassal,|
also one, any one, like the Fr. on; Goth.
5. A word of familiar address.
MAM, * [L. mamma, the breast or We speak no treason, man. Shak.
MAMM\A, 2” pap, and mother; W. mam; manna; Sans. man; D. man, a man,a 6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male
Arm. mamm
; Ir. muime, a nurse; Antiq. husband ; mensch, a human being, man,
adult of some uncommon qualifications;
Gr. wopuy.] woman, person; G. id.; Dan. man, men-
particularly, the sense of strength, vigor,
A familiar word for mother, used by young neske; Sw. man, meniskia ; Sax. mennesc,
bravery, virile powers, or magnanimity, as
children. human ; Ice. mann, a man, a husband;
distinguished from the weakness, timidity
MAM’ALUKE,?,, The military force of W. mynw, a person, a body, from mwn,
or impotence of a boy, or from the nar-
MAM’ELUKE,§ ° Egypt consisted of that which rises up or stretches out. The row mindedness of low bred men.
soldiers called Mamelukes, who were ori- primary sense is, form, image, whence
species, coinciding probably with the Fr. I dare do all that may become a man.
ginally mercenaries, but afterwards mas- Shak.
ters of the country. Their power has mine, Eng. mien, Arm. man or min, look, Will reckons he should not have been the
been recently annihilated by the present aspect, countenance ;Ch. and Heb. pp man he is, had he not broke windows—
Pashaw of Egypt. species, kind; Heb. 43)9n image, simili- Addison.
MAM’/MAL, n. [L. mamma, the breast.] In tude; Syr. laa, progeny. It is re- So in popular language, it is said, he is
zoology, an animal that suckles its young. no man. Play your part like a man. He
See Mammifer.] Good. markable that in the Icelandic, this word,
a little varied, is used in Gen. i. 26, 27. has not the spirit of a man.
MAMMA‘LIAN, a. Pertaining to the mam-
mals. “Og Gud sagde, ver vilium gera mannenn, Thou art but a youth, and he a man of war
from his youth. 1 Sam. xvii.
MAMMAL/OGIST, 2. One who treats off epter mind og liking vorre.” And God
mammiferous animals. said, let us make man after our image and 7. An individual of the human species.
MAMMAL/OGY, n. [L. mamma, breast, and likeness. “Og Gud skapade mannenn In matters of equity hetween man and man—
zoyos, discourse. | epter sinne mind, epter Guds mind skapade Watts.
The science or doctrine of mammiferous an- hann hann, og han skapade thau karlman Under this phraseology, females may be
imals. [See Mammifer.] og kvinnu.” Literally, and God shaped comprehended. So a law restraining man,
MAM/MARY, a. [See Mamma.]} Pertaining! man after his image, after God’s image or every man from a_ particular act, com-
to the breasts or paps; as the mammary shaped he them, and he shaped them male prehends women and children, if of com-
arteries and veins. and female ;karlman, male, [See Carle and petent age to be the subjects of law.
MAMMEER’, n. A tree of the genus Mam-|| Churl,| and kvinnu, female, that is queen. 8. Man is sometimes opposed to boy or child,
mea, of two species, both large evergreens woman. Icelandic Bible. Man in its rad- and sometimes to beast.
produced in hot climates. Encye. ical sense, agrees almost precisely with 9, One who is master of his mental powers,
MAM MET, n. A puppet; a figure dressed.|| Adam, in the Shemitic languages. } or who conducts himself with his usual
MAMMIFER, n. [L. mamma, the breast, . Mankind ; the human race ; the whole judgment. When a person has lost his
and fero, to bear.| species of human beings; beings distin- senses, or acts without his usual judg-
An animal which has breasts for nourishing guished from all other animals by the ment, we say, he is not his own man.
its young. The mammifers have a double powers of reason and speech, as well as, Ainsworth.
system of circulation, red and warm blood; by their shape and dignified aspect. “ Os 10. It is sometimes used indefinitely, with-
the fetus is nourished in the matrix by! homini sublime dedit.” out reference to a particular individual;
 MAN MAN MAN
any person; one. This is as much as a 4. To wield ; to move or use in the manner A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the
desired ; to have under command. main, a manager of his treasure. Temple.
man can desire.
A man, in an instant, may discover the as- Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be MAN’AGERY, n. [from manage.] Conduct;
sertion to be impossible. More. easily managed. Newton. direction ; administration. Clarendon.
This word however is always used in 5. To make subservient. 2. Husbandry ; economy ; frugality.
the singular number, referring to an indi- Antony managed him to his own views. Decay of Piety.
vidual. In this respect it does not answer Middleton. 3. Manner ofusing. bin.
to the French on, nor to the use of man by 6. To husband; to treat with caution or [Little used or obsolete in all its applica-
our Saxon ancestors. In Saxon, man of- sparingly. tions.|
sloh, signifies, they slew ; man sette ut, they The less he had to lose, the less he ear’d MAN‘AGING, ppr. Conducting ;regulating;
set or fitted out. So in German, man sagt, To manage lothesome life, when love was directing ;governing ; wielding.
may be rendered, one says, itis said, they the reward. Dryden. MAN’AKIN, x. The name of a beautiful
say, or people say. So in Danish, man 7. To treat with caution or judgment; to race of birds found in warm climates.
siger, one says, it is sard, they say. govern with address. Dict. Nat. Hist.
11. In popular usage, a husband. It was much his interest to manage his pro-
MANA’TI, The sea-cow, or fish-tailed
Every wife ought to answer for her man. testant subjects. Addison.
Addison. MAN‘AGE, v. i. To direct or conduct af- MANA’TUS, ,™ Walrus, an animal of the
genus Trichechus, which grows to an en-
12. A movable piece at chess or draughts. fairs; to carry on concerns or business. ormous size ; sometimes it is said, to the
13. In feudal law, a vassal, a liege subjector Leave them to manage for thee. Dryden.
length of twenty three feet. Of this ani-
tenant. MAN‘AGE, n. Conduct ; administration ; mal there are two varieties, the australis,
The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, un- as the manage of the state or kingdom. or lamentin, and borealis, or whale-tailed
covered and holding up his hands between Obs. Shak. manati. It has fore feet palmated, and
those of his lord, professed that he did become 2. Government; control,as of a horse, or
his man, from that day forth, of life, limb, and
furnished with claws, but the hind part
the exercise of riding him. endsina tail like that ofa fish. The skin
earthly honor. Blackstone.
\3. Discipline ;governance; direction. is of a dark color, the eyes small, and in-
Man of war, a ship of war; an armed ship. L Estrange. stead of teeth, the mouth is furnished with
MAN-MIDWIFE, n. A man who practi- 4. Use; application or treatment. hard bones, extending the whole length of
ces obstetrics. Quicksilver will not endure the manage of the jaws. [There are eight grinders on
MAN, v.t. To furnish with men; as, to the fire. Bacon. each sideineach jaw. Cuvier.) It never
man the lines of a fort or fortress ; to man (This word is nearly obsolete in all its leaves the water, but frequents the mouths
a ship ora boat; to man the yards; to man applications, unless in reference to horses. of rivers, feeding on grass that grows in
the capstan; to mana prize. It is, how- We now use management. | the water. Encyc. Dict. Nat. Hist.
ever, generally understood to signify, to MAN’AGEABLE, a. Easy to be used ordi-
supply with the full complement or with MANA'TION, n. [L. manatio, from mano,
rected to its proper purpose ; not difficult to flow.]
a sufficient number of men. to be moved or wielded. Heavy cannon The act of issuing or flowing out. [Litile
2. To guard with men. Shak. are not very manageable.
3. To strengthen; to fortify. used.|
2. Governable ; tractable ; that may be con-|
Theodosius having manned his soul with trolled ; as a manageable horse. MAN’‘CHET, n. A small loaf of fine bread.
proper reflections— Addison. [ot used.| Bacon.
3. That may be made subservient to one’s
4. To tame a hawk. [Little used.] Shak. views or designs. MANCHINEB’L, vn. [L. mancanilla.] A
5. To furnish with attendants or servants. MAN‘/AGEABLENESS, n. The quality of tree of the genus Hippomane, growing in
[Tattle used.] Shak. B. Jonson. being easily used, or directed to its proper the West Indies to the size of a large oak.
6. To point; to aim. purpose ; as the manageableness of an in- It abounds in an acrid, milky juice of a
Man but a rush against Othello’s breast, strument. Boyle. poisonous quality. It bears a fruit of the
And he retires. [JVot used.] Shak. size of a pippin, which, when eaten, caus-
2. Tractableness ; the quality of being sus-
MAN’ASLE, n. [Fr. manicles ; It. manette ; ceptible of government and control; easi-| es inflammation in the mouth and throat,
Sp. maniota ; L. manica; from manus, the ness to be governed. pains in the stomach, &c. The wood is
hand ; W. man.] MAN/AGED, pp. Conducted ; carried on ;| valuable for cabinet work. Encye.
An instrument of iron for fastening the trained by discipline ; governed ; controll- MAN’CIPATE, v. ¢. [L. mancipo, from
hands; hand-cuffs; shackles. It is gen- ed; wielded. manceps, mancipium ; manu capio, to take
erally used in the plural, manacles. MAN‘AGEMENT, xn. Conduct ; adminis- with the hand.;
Shak. tration; manner of treating, directing or To enslave; to bind; to restrict. [Title
MAN/A€LE, v. t. To put on hand-cuffs or carrying on; as the management ofa fam-| used. ] "Hale.
other fastening for confining the hands. ily or of a farm; the management of state) MANCIPA’TION, n. Slavery; involuntary
92. To shackle; to confine; to restrain the affairs.
use of the limbs or natural powers. servitude. [Little used.| Johnson.
2. Cunning practice ; conduct directed by MAN'CIPLE, x. [L. manceps ;manu capio,
Is it thus you use this monarch, to manacle art, design or prudence ; contrivance.
him hand and foot ? Arbuthnot. supra. |
Mark with what management their tribes di-|
MAN’/A€LED, pp. Hand-cuffed; shackled. vide. Dryden.|
‘A steward; an undertaker; a purveyor, par-
MAN’A€LING, ppr. Confining the hands; 3. Practice ; transaction; dealing. ticularly ofa college. Johnson.
shackling. He had great management with ecclesiastics, IMANDA’MUS, n. [L. mando, to command;
MAN‘AGE, v. t. [Fr. menager ; menage, in the view to be advanced to the pontificate. mandamus, we command. The primary
house, household, house-keeping ; It. ma- Addison. sense is to send.]
neggiare; Sp. Port. manejar. The prima- ‘4. Modulation; variation. In law, acommand or writ, issuing from the
ry sense seems to be to lead.] All directions as to the management of the king’s bench in England, and in America,
1. To conduct; to carry on; to direct the voice, must be regarded as subsidiary to the ex- from some of the higher courts, directed
concerns of; as, to manage a farm; to pression of feeling. Porter’s Analysis. to aby person, corporation, or inferior
manage the affairs ofa family. IMAN‘/AGER, n. One who has the conduct court, requiring them to dosome act there-
What wars I manage, and what wreaths ] or direction of any thing; as the manager) in specified, which appertains to their
gain. Prior. of a theater; the manager of a lottery, of office and duty ; as to admit or restore a
2. To train or govern, as a horse. a ball, &e. person to an office or franchise, or to an
They vault from hunters to the managed A skilful manager of the rabble. South. academical degree, or to deliver papers,
steed. Young. An artful manager, that crept between— annex a seal to a paper, &c. Blackstone.
3. To govern; to control; to make tame or Pope.
|MANDARIN, n. In China, a magistrate or
tractable; as, the buffalo is too refracto- 2. A person who conducts business with| governor of a province; also, the court
ry to be managed. economy and frugality ; a good husband.|| language of China.
 MAN MAN MAN
MAN’DATARY, [Fr. mandataire, from |MA‘NED, a. Having a mane. for cattle, or the place in which horses
MAN’DATORY, § ™ L. mando, to com- MAN’EGE, n. [Fr.] A school for teaching and cattle are fed.
mand. ] horsemanship, and for training horses. 2. In ships of war, a space across the deck,
1. A person to whom the pope has by his MANERIAL. [See Manorial.| within the hawse-holes, separated from
prerogative given a mandate or order for MA'NES, 2. plu. [L.] The ghost, shade or the after part of the deck, to prevent the
his benefice. Ayliffe. soul of a deceased person ; and among the water which enters the hawse-holes from
2. One to whom a command or charge is ancient pagans, the infernal deities. running over the deck.
given. 2. The remains of the dead. MANGER-BOARD, n. The bulk-head on a
MAN’DATE, xn. [L. mando, to command.| Hail, O ye holy manes / Dryden. ship’s deck that separates the manger from
1. Acommand; an order, precept or injunc- MANEU'VER, n. [Fr. manewvre ; main, L. the other part of the deck. Mar. Dict.
tion ; a commission. manus. the hand, and euvre, work, L. ope- MANGINESS, n. [from mangy.] Scabbiness:
This dream all powerful Juno sends ; I bear ra.| infection of the mange.
Her mighty mandates, and her words you . Management; dextrous movement, par- MAN’GLE, v. ¢. [D. mangelen, G. mangeln,
hear. Dryden. ticularly inan army or navy ; any evolu- to want. Qu.]
2. In canon law, a rescript of the pope, com- tion, movement or change of position 1. To cut with a dull instrument and tear,
manding an ordinary collator to put the among companies, battalions, regiments, or to tear in cutting ; to cut in a bungling
person therein named in possession of the ships, &c. for the purpose of distributing manner ; applied chiefly to the cutling of
first vacant benefice in his collation. the forces in the best manner to meet the flesh.
Encye. enemy. And seized with fear, forgot his mangled
MANDA/TOR, n. [L.] A director. 2. Management with address or artful de- meat. Dryden.
Ayliffe. sign. 2. To curtail; to take by piece-meal.
MAN’DATORY, a. Containing a command ; MANEU’VER, v. 7. To move or change po- MAN’GLE, n. [Dan. mangle ; G. mange ;
preceptive ; directory. sitions among troops or ships, for the pur- D. mangel ; from L. mango.]
MAN'DIBLE, n. [L. mando, to chew; W. pose of advantageous attack or defense; 1, A rolling press or calender for smoothing
mant, a jaw, that which shuts.] or in military exercise, for the purpose of cloth.
The jaw, the instrument of chewing ; appli- discipline. 2. A name of the mangrove, which see.
ed particularly to fowls. 2. To manage with address or art. MAN’GLE, v. t. To smooth cloth with a
MANDIBULAR, a. Belonging to the jaw. MANEU’VER,»v.t. To change the positions mangle; to calender.
Gayton. of troops or ships. MAN’GLED, pp. Torn in cutting ;smoothed
MAN DIL, n. [Fr. mandille, from the root of MANEUVERED, pp. Moved in position. with a mangle.
mantle; W. mant.| A sort of mantle. MANEU'VERING, ppr. Changing the po- MAN’GLER, nx. One who tears in cutting;
[Not in use.] Herbert. sition or order for advantageous attack or one who uses a mangle.
MANDIL’‘ION, n. [supra.] A soldier’s coat; defense. MAN’GLING, ppr. Lacerating in the act of
a loose garment. Ainsworth. MAN’FUL, a. [man and full.] Having the cutting ; tearing.
MAN'DLESTONE, n. [G. mandelstein, al- spirit of a man; bold; brave; courag- 2. Smoothing with a mangle.
mond-stone. | eous. MAN’GO, n. The fruit of the mango tree, a
Kernel-stone ; almond-stone, called also 2. Noble; honorable. native of the East Indies, of the genus
amygdaloid; a name given to stones or MAN’FULLY, adv. Boldly ; courageously ; Mangifera. It is brought to us only when
rocks which have kernels enveloped in honorably. pickled. Hence mango is the green fruit
paste. Dict. Nat. Hist. IMAN’FULNESS, n. Boldness; courageous- of the tree pickled. Encyc.
MANDMENT, for commandment, is not in ness. 2. A green muskmelon pickled.
use. MAN’‘GABY, n. A monkey with naked eye- MAN’/GONEL, n. [Fr. mangoneau.} An en-
MAN’DOLIN, n. [It. mandola.] A cithern lids ; the white-eyed monkey. gine formerly used for throwing stones
or harp. [Not in use.] Dict. Nat. Hist. and battering walls.
MAN’DRAKE, n. [L. mandragoras ; It. MAN’/GANESE, n. A metal of a dusky MAN’GONISM, n. The art ofsetting off to
mandragola ; Fr. mandragore. | white, or whitish gray color, very hard and advantage. Obs.
A plant of the genus Atropa, growing natu- difficult to fuse. It never occurs as a nat- MAN’GONIZE, v.t. To polish for setting
rally in Spain, Italy and the Levant. It ural productin a metallic state. The sub- off to advantage. Obs. B. Jonson. .

is a narcotic, and its fresh roots are a vio- stance usually so called is an oxyd of man- MAN’GOSTAN, i A tree of the East
lent cathartic. Its effect in rendering ganese, but not pure. Cyc. Henry. MANGOSTEE'N, §" Indies, of the genus
barren women prolific is supposed to be MANGANPE’SIAN, a. Pertaining to man- Garcinia. so called from Dr. Garcin, who
imaginary. Encye. ganese ; consisting ofit or partaking ofits described it. The tree grows to the highth
MAN’DREL, x. An instrument for confi- qualities. Seybert. of 18 feet, and bears fruit of the size of a
ning inthe lathe the substance to be turn- MANGANW’SIATE, n. A compound of crab apple, the pulp of which is very deli-
ed. ‘ Moxon. manganesic acid, with a base. cious food. Encyc.
MAN’DRILL, n. Aspecies of monkey. MANGANE’SIE, a. Obtained from manga- MAN’GROVE, n. A tree of the East and
Dict. Nat. Hist. nese ; as the manganesic acid. Henry. West Indies, otherwise called mangle, and
MAN/DU€ABLE, a. That can be chewed; [|
Manganie is ill formed.] of the genus Rhizophora. One species,
fit to be eaten. Herbert. MANGANE’SIOUS, a. Manganesious acid the black mangle, grows in waters on the
MAN’'DUCATE, v.t. [L. mando, whence is an acid with a minimum ofoxygen. sides of rivers. The red mangrove does
Fr. manger.| Tochew. Henry. not grow in water. Its wood is of adeep
MAN/DUCATED, pp. Chewed. red color, compact and heavy. The soft
MANG/CORN, n. [Sax. mengan, to mix, and part of the bark of the white mangrove is
MAN’/DUCATING, ppr. Chewing; grind-
ing with the teeth.
corn.] } formed into ropes. Encye.
MANDUCA’TION, n. The act of chewing A mixture of wheat and rye, or other spe- 2. The name of a fish. Pennant.
or eating. cies of grain. [.Vot used in America. | MANGY, a. [from mange.] Scabby ; infect-
MANE, n. ([D. maan, mane, and moon; G. MANGE, xn. [Fr. mangeaison.] The scab! ed with the mange. Shak.
mihne; Sw. man or mahn; Dan. man ;
| or itch in cattle, dogs and other beasts.) MAN’HATER, n. [man and hate.] One who
probably from extending, like man.] MANGEL-WURZEL, n. [G. mangel, want, hates mankind ; a misanthrope.
The hair growing on the upper side of the | and wurzel, root. | MAN/HOOD, n. [man and hood.]'The state of
neck of a horse or other animal, usually |The root of searcity, a plant of the beet) one who is a man, of an adult male, or one
hanging down on one side. kind. who is advanced beyond puberty, boy-
MAN’EATER, n. A human being that feeds MANGER, n. [Fr. mangeoire, from manger, hood or childhood ; virility.
on human flesh; a cannibal; an anthro- || to eat, L. mando.| 2. Virility) ; as opposed
PP to womanhood.
pophagite. il, A trough or box in which fodder is laid) Dryden
 MAN MAN MAN
3. Human nature; as the manhood ofChrist.|MANIFESTA’TION, x. The act of disclos- \MANIPULA’TION, n. Ida id.; Lt. manip-
4. The qualities of aman; courage ; brave- ing what is secret, unseen or obscure; dis- olazione, from manipolare, to work with
ry; resolution. [Little used.] Sidney. covery to the eye or to the understanding ; the hand, from L. manipulus, supra.]}
MA‘NIA, n. [L. and Gr.] Madness. the exhibition of any thing by clear evi- In general, work by hand; manual opera-
MAN'IABLE, a. Manageable ; tractable. dence; display; as the manifestation of tion; as in mining, the manner ofdigging
[Not in use.] Bacon. God’s power in creation, or of his benev- ore ; in chimistry, the operation of prepar-
MA‘NIA€, a. [L. maniacus. | Mad ; raving olence in redemption. ing substances for experiments ; in phar-
with madness; raging with disordered in- The secret manner in which acts of mercy macy, the preparation of drugs.
tellect. Grew. ought to be performed, requires this public man- MAN’KILLER,2. {man and kill.] One who
MA‘NIA€, n. A madman; one raving with slays a man.
ifestation of them at the great day.
madness. Shenstone. Atterbury. MAN’KILLING, a. Used to kill men.
MANIA€AL, MANIFESTED, pp. Made clear; disclos-
a. Affected with madness. Dryden.
MANI€HE’AN, a. Pertaining to the Mani- ed; made apparent, obvious or evident. MANKIND, n. [man and kind. This word
chees. MANIFEST’IBLE, a. That may be made admits the accent either on the first or
MANI€HE’AN, ; One ofasect in Persia, second syllable; the distinction of accent
evident. Brown.||
being inconsiderable. }
MANICHEE’, "who maintained that MANIFESTING, ppr. Showing clearly;\1. The race or species of human beings.
there are two supreme principles, the one making evident ; disclosing; displaying.
good, the other evil, which produce all the The proper study of mankind is man.
Bacon. Pope.
happiness and calamities of the world.
MANIFESTLY, adv. Clearly; evidently ; 2. A male, or the males of the human race.
The first principle, or light, they held to plainly ; in a manner to be clearly seen or Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with wo-
be the author of all good; the second, or
understood. mankind. Lev. xviii.
darkness, the author ofall evil. The found- MANKIND, a. Resembling man in form, not
er of the sect was Manes. Encye. MAN’IFESTNESS, m. Clearness to the woman. Frobisher.
MAN'ICHEISM, n. [supra.} The doctrines sight or mind ; obviousness.
MANIFESTO. [See Manifest.] MAN'LESS, a. [man and less.] Destitute of
taught, or system of principles maintain- men; not manned; as a boat. [Little
ed by the Manichees. Encyc. Milner. MAN'‘IFOLD, a. [many and fold.] Of divers used. | Bacon.
MAN‘I€HORD, [Fr. manichordion.] kinds ;many in number ; numerous; mul- MAN’LIKE, a. Having the proper qualities
MANI€ORD/ON, §™ A musical instru- tiplied. of a man. Sidney.
mentin the form of aspinnet, whose strings, O Lord, how manifold ave thy works! Ps. 2. Of man’s nature. Milton.
like those of the clarichord, are covered civ.
MAN’LINESS, n. [from manly.] The quali-
with little pieces of cloth to deaden and I know your manifold transgressions. Amos v. ties of a man; dignity ; bravery ; bold-
soften their sounds ; whence it is called the 2. Exhibited or appearing at divers times or ness. Locke.
dumb spinnet. Encye. in various ways; applied to words in the MAN’LING, n. A little man. B. Jonson.
MAN’TCON, n. A species of nightshade. singular number ; as the manifold wisdom MAN'LY, a. [man and like.] Manlike ; be-
MANIFEST, a. [L. manifestus, Ir. meanan, of God, or his manifold grace. Eph. iii. coming a man; firm; braye; undaunted.
plain, clear ; minighim, to make smooth, to 1 Pet. iv. Serene and manly, hardened to sustain
polish, to explain. Clearness maybe from} MAN/IFOLDED, a. Having many doublings The load of life— Dryden.
polishing, or from opening, expanding, ex- or complications; as a manifolded shield. 2. Dignified ; noble; stately.
tending. | [Wot used.] Spenser. He moves with manly grace. Dryden.
. Plain; open; clearly visible to the eye or MAN‘IFOLDLY, adv. In a manifold man- 3. Pertaining to the adult age of man; as a
obvious to the understanding ; apparent 5) ner; in many ways. Sidney. manly voice.
not obscure or difficult to be seen or un- 4. Not boyish or womanish ; as a manly
derstood. From the testimony, the truth MAN‘IFOLDNESS, n. Multiplicity. stride. Shak.
we conceive to be manifest. Sherwood.
MANIG/‘LIONS, n. In gunnery, two han- MAN'LY, adv. With courage like a man.
Thus manifest to sight the god appeared.
Dryden. dles on the back of a piece of ordnance,
That which may be known of God is mani- after the German way of casting. cae MAN’NA, x. [Ar. meLl. mauna,to provide
fest in them. Rom. i. MAN'‘IKIN, n. A little man. Shak. necessaries for one’s household, to sustain,
2. Detected; with of. MAN‘IL, [Sp. manilla, a bracelet, S-
MANILILA, ¢" from L. manus, Sp. mano,
3
Calistho there stood manifest of shame.
Unusual.} Dryden. to feed them ; 340 munahon, provis-
the hand.]
MAN‘IFEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of A ring or bracelet worn by persons in Africa. ions for a journey. This seems to be the
goods, imported or laden for export, to be Herbert. true original of the word. In Irish, mann
exhibited at the custom-house by the mas- MA’NIO€, A plant of the genus Ja- is wheat, bread or food. Class Mn. No. 3.]
ter of the vessel, or the owner or shipper. MA/NIHO€, ‘atropha, or Cassada plant. . A substance miraculously furnished as
MAN’IFEST, [It. manifesto; L. mani- MA’NIHOT, It has palmated leaves, food for the Israelites in their journey
MANIFEST’‘O, § ”* festus, manifest.] with entire lobes. Encyce. through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex.
A public declaration, usually of a prince or Manioc is an acrid plant, but from its Xvi.
sovereign, showing his intentions, or pro- root is extracted a pleasant nourishing Josephus, Ant. B. iii. 1. considers the
claiming his opinions and motives; asa substance, called cassava. This is obtain- Hebrew word {1 man, to signify what. In
manifesto declaring the purpose of a prince ed by grating the root, and pressing out conformity with this idea, the seventy
to begin war, and explaining his motives. the juice, which is an acrid and noxious translate the passage, Ex. xvi. 15. ve este
[Manifesto only is now used.] — Addison. poison. The substance is then dried vovto? what is this? which rendering
MANIFEST, v. t. [L. manifesto.] To re- and baked, or roasted on a plate of hot seems to accord with the following words,
veal; to make to appear; to show plain- iron. Fourcroy. for they knew not what it was. And in
ly ;to make public ; to disclose to the eye MAN’IPLE, n. [L. manipulus, a handful.
or to the understanding. the Encyclopedia, the translators are
Qu. L. manus and the Teutonic full.] charged with making Moses fall into a
Nothing is hid, which shall not be manifested.
Mark iv. 1. A handful. plain contradiction. Art. Manna. But
He that loveth me, shall be loved of my 2. A small band of soldiers; a word applied Christ and his apostles confirm the com-
Father, and I will love him, and will manifest only to Roman troops. mon version: “Not as your fathers ate
myself to him. John iv. 3. A fanon, or kind of ornament worn about manna, and are dead.” John vi. 58. Heb. ix.
Thy life did manifest thou lov’dst me not. the arm of a mass priest; or a garment 4. And we have other evidence, that the
Shak. worn by the Romish priests when they present version is correct; for in the same
2. To display ; to exhibit more clearly to the officiate. Sp. Dict. chapter, Moses directed Aaron to “take a
view. The wisdom of God is manifested MANIP’ULAR, a. Pertaining to the mani- pot and put a homer full of manna there-
in the order and harmony of creation. ple. in.” Now it would be strange language
Vol. ET; 12
 MAN MAN MAN
to say, put an homer full of what, or what MAN’NERLINESS,n. The quality of being MAN’SION, n. [L. mansio, from maneo, to
is it. Soalso verse 35. “The children of civil and respectful in behavior ; civility; dwell.]
Israel ate manna forty years, &c.” In complaisance. Hale. 1. Any place of residence ; a house; a hab-
both verses, the Hebrew word is the same MAN‘NERLY, a. Decent in external de- itation.
as in verse 15. portment ; civil; respectful ; complaisant ; Thy mansion wants thee, Adam, rise.
re) In the materia medica, the juice of a cer- not rude or vulgar. Milton.
tain tree of the ash-kind, the Fraxinus or- What thou think’st meet and is most man- In my Father’s house are many mansions.
nus, or flowering ash, a native of Sicily, nerly. Shak. John xiv.
Calabria, and other parts of the south ofj MAN’NERLY, adv. With civility ; respect- 2. The house of the lord of amanor.
Europe. It is either naturally concreted, fully ;without rudeness. Shak. 3. Residence; abode.
or exsiccated and purified by art. The best MAN’NERS, n. plu. Deportment ; carriage; These poets near our princes sleep,
manna is in oblong pieces or flakes of a) behavior; conduct; course of life ; i a And in one grave their mansions keep.
whitish or pale yellow color, light, friable, moral sense. Denham.
and somewhat transparent. It is a mild Evil communications corrupt good manners. MAN‘SION, v. i. To dwell; to reside.
laxative. Encyc. Hooper. 1 Cor. xv. Mede.
MAN’NER, nx. [Fr. maniere ; It. maniera ; 2. Ceremonious behavior; civility; decent MAN’SIONARY, a. Resident; resident-
Sp. manera ;Arm. manyell ;D. G. manier; and respectful deportment. iary ; aS mansionary canons. Encyc.
Dan. maneer; Sw. maner. This word Shall we, in our applications to the great God, MAN’SION-HOUSE, n. The house in
seems to be allied to Fr. manier, Arm. take that to be religion, which the common which one resides; an inhabited house.
manea, to handle, from Fr. main, Sp. It. reason of mankind will not allow to be manners ? Blackstone.
mano, Port. mam, L. manus, the hand.] South.| MAN’‘SIONRY, zn. A place of residence.
1, Form; method ; way of performing or 3. A bow or courtesy ; as, make your man-| [Not used.| Shak.
executing. ners ;a popular use of the word. MAN’SLAUGHTER, zn. [man and slaugh-
Find thou the manner, and the means pre- MAN’NISH, a. [from man.] Having the ap- ter. See Slay.]
pare. Dryden. pearance of a man; bold; masculine; as 1. In a general sense, the killing of a man or
2 Custom ; habitual practice. a mannish countenance. of men; destruction of the human spe-
Show them the manner of the king that A woman impudent and mannish grown. cies; murder. Ascham.
shall reign over them. This will be the manner Shak. 2. In law, the unlawful killing of a man with-
of the king. 1 Sam. viii. MANOMW’ETER, n. |[Gr. uavos, rare, and out malice, express or implied. This may
Paul, as his manner was— Acts xvii. etpov, measure. | be voluntary, upon a sudden heat or ex-
a). Sort; kind. An instrument to measure or show the al- citement of anger; or involuntary, but in
Ye tithe mint and rue, and all manner of terations in the rarity or density of the air. the commission of some unlawful act.
herbs. Luke xi. Encye. Manslaughter differs from murder in not
They shall say all manner of evil against you MANOMET’RI€AL, a. Pertaining to the
falsely— Matt. v. proceeding from malice prepense or de-
manometer ; made by the manometer. liberate, which is essential to eonstitute
In this application, manner has the sense MAN/OR, n. [Fr. manoir, Arm. maner, a
ofa plural word; all sorts or kinds. murder. It differs from homicide excusa-
country house, or gentleman’s seat; W. ble, being done in consequence of some
Certain degree or measure. It is in a maenan or maenawr, a manor, a district
manner done already. unlawful act, whereas excusable homicide
bounded by stones, from maen, a stone. happens in consequence of misadventure.
The bread is in a manner common. 1 Sam. The word in French and Armoric signifies} Blackstone.
xxi. a house, a habitation, as well as a manor ; MAN’SLAYER, n. One that has slain a
This use may also be sometimes defined and in this sense, the word would be nat-
by sort or fashion; as we say, a thing is human being. The Israelites had cities
urally deducible from L. maneo, to abide. of refuge for manslayers.
done after a sort or fashion, that is, not But the etymology in Welsh is not im-
well, fully or perfectly. MAN’STEALER, n. One who steals and
probably the true one.] sells men.
Augustinus does in a manner confess the The land belonging to a lord or nobleman, MAN’STEALING, n. The act of stealing a
charge. Baker. or so much land as a lord or great person- human being.
Mien; cast of look ; mode. age formerly kept in his own hands for the MAN’SUETE, a. [L. mansuetus.] Tame ;
Air and manner are more expressive than use and subsistence of his family. In these gentle; not wild or ferocious. [Little
words. Clarissa. days, a manor rather signifies the jurisdic- used. | Ray.
for). Peculiar way or carriage ; distinct mode. tion and royalty incorporeal, than the land MAN’SUETUDE, n. [L. mansuetudo.]
It can hardly be imagined how great a differ- or site; for a man may have a manorin Tameness ; mildness ;gentleness. Herbert.
ence was in the humor, disposition and manner gross, as the law terms it, that is, the right MAN’TA, n. [Sp. manta, a blanket.] A flat
of the army under Essex and that under Waller. and interest of a court-baron, with the per- fish that is very troublesome to pearl-
Clarendon. quisites thereto belonging. Cowel. fishers. Encye.
A man’s company may be known by his man- MAN’/OR-HOUSE, The house belong- MANTEL. [See Mantle.]
ner of expressing himself. Swift. MAN/OR-SEAT, bn. ing to a manor. MAN’TELET, [dim. of mantle.) A
sl . Way; mode; of things. MANEIRIAL’ ;a. Pertaining to a manor. MANT’LET, §” small cloke worn by
The temptations of prosperity insinuate them- women. Johnson.
selves after a gentle, but very powerful manner. They have no civil liberty ; their children be- 2. In fortification, a kind of movable parapet
Atterbury. long not to them, but to their manorial lord. or penthouse, made of planks, nailed one
Way of service or worship. Tooke. over another to the highth of almost six
The nations which thou hast removed and MAN’PLEASER, n. [man and _ pleaser.) feet, cased with tin and set on wheels.
placed in the One who pleases men, or one who takes
cities of Samaria, know
not the In a siege, this is driven before pioneers,
manner of the god of the land— 2 Kings vii.
uncommon pains to gain the favor of men. to protect them from the enemy’s small
9. In painting, the particular habit ofa paint- Swift. shot. Harris.
er in managing colors, lights and shades. MAN’/QUELLER, n. [man and quell.] A MANT’IGER, rather mantichor, or manti-
Encyc.| mankiller; amanslayer ; amurderer. [Vol cor,n. [L. manticora, mantichora, Gr. wavzc-
MAN’‘NER, v.t. To instruct in manners. used. | Carew. xopas. |
Shak. MANSE, n. mans. [L. mansio, from maneo, A large monkey or baboon. Arbuthnot.
MAN’NERISM, n. Adherence to the same to abide.] MAN’TLE, n. [Sax. mentel, mentel ; It. Sp.
manner ; uniformity of manner. 1. A house or habitation; particularly, a manto; G. D. mantel; W. mantell. Qu.
Edin. Rev. parsonage house. A capital manse is the Gr. wavdvs, wovdvas, a cloke, from the Per-
MAN’NERIST, n. An artist who performs manor-house or lord’s court. sic. In W. mant is that which shuts.]
his work in one unvaried manner. 2. A farm. 1. A kind of cloke or loose garment to be
Churchill.) MAN‘SERVANT, n. A male servant. worn over other garments.
 MAN MAN MAN
The herald and children are clothed with||/MANU’BIAL, a. [L. manubialis, from manu- 1. To cultivate by manual labor; to till.
mantles of satin. Bacon. bie, spoils.] Ue this sense not now used.| Milion.
2. A cover. Belonging to spoils; taken in war. [Little ws)~ . To apply to land any fertilizing matter,
Well covered with the night’s black mantle. used.| as dung, compost, ashes, lime, fish, or any
Shak. MANUDU€’TION, n. [L. manus, hand, and vegetable or animal substance.
3. A cover; that which conceals; as the ductio, a leading.| Guidance by the hand. 3. To fertilize ; to enrich with nutritive sub-
mantle of charity. Glanville. South. stances.
MAN’TLE, v.¢. To cloke; to cover; to MANUDU€’TOR, zn. [L. manus, hand, and The corps of half her senate .
disguise. ductor, a leader.] Manure the fields of Thessaly. Addison.
So the rising senses An officer in the ancient church, who gave MANU’RE, n. Any matter which fertilizes
Begin to chase th’ ignorant fumes, that mantle the signal for the choir to sing, who beat land, as the contents of stables and barn-
Their clearer reason. Shak. time and regulated the music. Encye. yards, marl, ashes, fish, salt, and every
MAN’TLE, v. 7. To expand; to spread.
The swan with arched neck MANUFAC’TORY, x. [See Manufacture.] kind of animal and vegetable substance
Between her white wings mantling, rows A house or place where goods are manu- applied to land, or capable of furnishing
Her state with oary feet. Milton. factured. nutrimentto plants.
2. To joy; to revel. Johnson. MANUFA€’TURAL, a. Pertaining or rela- MANU‘RED, pp. Dressed or overspread
My frail fancy, fed with full delights, ting to manufactures. with a fertilizing substance.
Doth bathe in bliss, and mantleth most at MANUFA€’ TURE, n. [Fr. from L. manus, \MANU/REMENT, n. Cultivation ; improve-
ease. Spenser. hand, and facto, to make.]} ment. [Little used.] Warton.
{Qu. is not the sense to be covered or 1. The operation of making cloth, wares, IMANU‘RER, n. One that manures lands.
wrapped, to rest collected and secure ?] utensils, paper, books, and whatever is |MANU/RING, ppr. Dressing or overspread-
3. To be expanded; to be spread or ex- used by man ; ‘the operation of reducing ing land with manure; fertilizing.
tended. raw materials of any kind into a form IMANU/RING, n. A dressing or spread of
He gave the mantling vine to grow, suitable for use, by the hands, by art or manure on land. Mitford.
A trophy to his love. Fenton. machinery. : MAN’USERIPT, n. [L. manu scriptum, writ-
4. To gather over and form a cover; to col- 2. Any thing made from raw materials by ten with the hand; It. manuscritto; Fr.
lect on the surface, as a covering. the hand, by machinery, or by art; asj| manuserit. |
There is a sort of men, whose visages cloths, iron utensils, shoes, cabinet work, |A book or paper written with the hand cr
Do cream and mantle like a standing pond. sadlery, and the like.
Shak. pen.
And the brain dances to the mantling bowl. MANUFA€’TURE, v. ¢. To make or fab- MAN’US€RIPT, a. Written with the hand:
Pope. ricate from raw materials, by the hand, by not printed.
5. To rush to the face and cover it with a art or machinery, and work into forms MANUTEN’ENCY, n. Maintenance. [.Vof
crimson color. convenient for use; as, to manufacture in use.| Sancroft.
When mantling blood cloth, nails, or glass. MANY, a. men/ny. (Sax. meneg, maneg, or
Flow’d in his lovely cheeks. Smith. 2. To work raw materials into suitable forms menig; D. menig; G. mancher; Dan.
[Fermentation cannot be deduced from for use; as, to manufacture wool, cotton, mange ; Sw. mange ; Sax. menigeo, a mul-
- mantling, otherwise than as a secondary silk or iron. titude ; Goth. manags, many ; managet, a
sense.| MANUFA€’TURE, v.t. To be occupied in multitude; Russ. mnogei, many; mnoju,
MAN'TLE, ‘i The piece of tim- manufactures. Boswell. to multiply. It has no variation to ex-
MAN’TLE-TREE, § ~ ber or stone in front MANUFA€’TURED, pp. Made from raw press degrees of comparison; more and
of a chimney, over the fire-place, resting materials into forms tor use. most, which are used for the comparative
on the jambs. Encyce. MANUFA€’TURER, n. One who works and superlative degrees, are from a differ-
This word, according to Johnson, sig- raw materials into wares suitable for use.) ent root.]
nifies the work over the fire-place, which 2. One who employs workmen for manu- 1K Numerous; comprising a great number
we call a mantle-piece. } facturing ; the owner of amanufactory. ofindividuals.
MAN/TLE-PIECE, The work over a MANUFA€’TURING, ppr. Making goods Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Gen.
n. fire-place, in
: front and wares from raw materials.
MAN’TLE-SHELF, xvii.
of the chimney. MANUMISE, for manumit, not used. Not many wise men after the flesh, not many
MANT’LING, x. In heraldry, the repre- MANUMIS’SION, a. [L. manumissio. See mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Cor. i.
sentation of a mantle, or the drapery of a Manumit.] Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Ps.
coat of arms. The act of liberating a slave from bondage, XXxiv.
MAN’TO,n. [It.] A robe; acloke. Ricaut. and giving him freedom. Arbuthnot. It is often preceded by as or so, and fol-
MANTOL’OGY, n. [Gr. wavreca, divination, MAN'UMIT, v.t. [L. manumitto; manus, lowed by so, indicating an equal number.
and aoyos, discourse. } hand, and mitto, to send.} Is many books as you take, so many shall
The act or art of divination or prophesying. To release from slavery ; to liberate from be charged to your account.
personal bondage or servitude; to free, as So many laws argue so many sins. Milton.
[Little used.]
MAN’TUA, n. [Fr. manteau. See Mantle.] a slave. Dryden. It is also followed by as.
As many as were willing-hearted brought
A lady’s gown. Pope. MAN’UMITTED, pp. Released from sla- bracelets. Ex. xxxiv.
MAN’TUA-MAKER, n. Que who makes very. It precedes an or a, before a noun in the
gowns for ladies. Addison. MAN'UMITTING, ppr. Liberating from singular number.
MANUAL, a. [L. manualis, from manus, personal bondage.
MANU’RABLE, a. [from manure.] That Full many a gem of purest ray serene.
the hand, W. man.] Gray.
i. Performed by the hand; as manual labor may be cultivated. This, though the ori-
or operation. ginal sense, is rarely or never used. The 2. In low language, preceded by too, it de-
present sense of manure, would give the notes powerful or much; as, they are too
2. Used or made by the hand ; asa deed un- many for us. L’Estrange.
der the king’s sign manual. following signification.
MANY, n. men’ny. A multitude; a great
MAN’UAL, n. A small book, such as may 2. That may be manured, or enriched by number ofindividuals; the people.
be carried in the hand, or conveniently manure. —
handled ; as a manual of laws. Hale. MANU’RAGE, n. Cultivation. [Vot used.] O thou fond many. Shak.
2. The service book of the Romish church. Warner. The vulgar and the many are fit only to be
Stilling fleet.|MANU/RANCE, n. Cultivation. [Vot used.] led or driven. South.
Manual exercise, in the military art, the ex- Spenser. MANY, x. men/ny. [Norm. Fr. meignee. |
- ercise by which soldiers are taught the use]/MANU’RE, v. t. [Fr. maneuvrer, but in a A retinue of servants; household. Obs.
of their muskets and other arms. different sense ;Norm. mainoverer, to ma- Chaucer.
MAN’UARY, a. Done by the hand. [Not nure; main, L. manus, hand, and owvrer, MANY-€LEFT’, a. Multifid ; having
used.} Fotherby. to work, L. operor.] many fissures. Martyn.
 MAR MAR MAR
MANY-€COL/ORED, a. Having many col- 3. To injure; to diminish ; to interrupt. the university of Oxford, by Thomas, eari
ors or hues. Pope. But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is of Arundel. Encyc.
MANY-COR/NERED, a. Having many cor- lost. Dryden. aacrpee cen a. Made of marble; as a marble
ners, or more than twelve ; polygonal. 4. To injure; to deform; to disfigure. pillar.
Dryden. Ire, enyy and despair 2. Variegated in color; stained or veined
MANY-FLOW’ERED, a. Having many Marr’d all his borrow’d visage. Milton. like marble; as the marble cover of a
flowers. Martyn.
His visage was so marred more than any
MANY-HEAD’ED, a. Having many heads; man. Is. lii. 3. Hard; insensible; as a marble heart.
as a many-headed monster; many-headed Moral eyil alone mars the intellectual works| M'‘ARBLE, v. t. To variegate in color; to
tyranny. Dryden. of God. Buckminster. cloud; to stain or vein like marble; as, to
MANY-LAN’/GUAGED, a. Having many (This word is not obsolete in America.] marble the cover of a book.
languages. Pope. MAR, in nightmar. [See Nightmar.] M‘ARBLED, pp. Diversified in color; vein-
MANY-LE‘AVED, a. Polyphyllous; hav- M‘AR, n. An injury. Obs. ed like marble. ©
ing many leaves. Martyn. 2. Alake. [See Mere.] M'ARBLE-HE'ARTED, a. Having a heart
MANY-M'‘ASTERED, a. Having many MAR/A€AN, vn. A species of parrot in like marble; hard hearted; cruel; insen-
masters. J. Barlow. Brazil. sible; incapable of being moved by pity,
MANY-P‘ARTED, a. Multipartite ;divided MAR/A€OCK, n. A plant of the genus love or sympathy. Shak.
into several parts; as a corol. Martyn. Passiflora. | M'‘ARBLING, ppr. Variegating in colors;
MANY-PE/OPLED, a. Having a numer- MARANA’'THA, n. [Syriac.] The Lord clouding or veining like marble.
ous population. Sandys. comes or has come; a word used by the MARBLING, n. The art or practice of va-
MANY-PET’ALED, a. Having many pet- apostle Paul in expressing a curse. This riegating in color, in imitation of marble.
als.
] Martyn. word was used in anathematizing persons M‘AR€ASITE, n. [It. marcassita ;Fr. mar-
MANY-TWINK’LING, a. Variously twink- for great crimes; as much as to say, “ may cassite.|
ling or gleaming. Gray. the Lord come quickly to take vengeance A name which has been given to all sorts of
MANY-VALV‘ED, a. Multivalvular ; hav- on thee for thy crimes.” Calmet. minerals, to ores, pyrites, and semi-met-
ing many valves. Martyn. MAR’ANON, n. The proper name of a als. It is now obsolete.
MAP, n. [Sp. mapa; Port. mappa; It. river in South America, the largest in the Nicholson. Hill. Encyc.
mappamonda. Qu. L. mappa, a cloth or world; most absurdly called Amazon. MARE€ASIT‘I€, a. Pertaining to marca-
towel, a Punic word; Rabbinic xa. Maps Garcilasso. site; of the nature of marcasite. Encyec.
may have been originally drawn on cloth.] MARAS/MUS, n. [Gr. wapacuos, from pa- MARCES‘CENT, a. [L. marcescens, mar-
A representation of the surface of the earth paw, to cause to pine or waste away.] cesco.| Withering ; fading ; decaying.
or of any part of it, drawn on paper or Atrophy ; a wasting offlesh without fever or MARCES’/SIBLE, a. That may wither;
other material, exhibiting the lines of lat- apparent disease ;a kind of consumption. liable to decay.
itude and longitude, and the positions of| Coxe. Encyc. MARCH, n. [L. Mars, the god of war.]
countries, kingdoms, states, mountains, MARAUD),, v. i. [Fr. maraud, a rascal ; Eth. The third month of the year.
rivers, &c. A map of the earth, or of a M‘ARCH, v. 7. To border on; to be contig-
large portion of it, comprehends a repre- 2 marad, to hurry, to run. The uous to. Obs. Gower,
sentation of land and water; but a repre- Tleb. 791 to rebel, may be the same word ‘M‘ARCH, v.27. [Fr. marcher; Sp. Port.
sentation of a continent or any portion of| differently applied. Class Mr. No. 22.) marchar ; G. marschiren; It. marciare, to
land only, is properly a map, and a repre- The Danish has the word in maroder, a march, to putrefy, L. marceo, Gr. wapawe ;
sentation of the ocean only or any portion robber in war,a corsair. So corsair is | Basque, mariatu, to rot. The senses of
of it, is called a chart. We say, a map of| from L. cursus, curro.] the Italian word unite in that of passing,
England, of France, of Europe; but a To rove in quest of plunder; to make an ex- departing. See Mar.]
chart of the Atlantic, of the Pacific, &c. cursion for booty ; to plunder. - To move by steps and in order, as sol-
MAP, v. t. To draw or delineate, as the fig- MARAUD’ER, n. A rover in questof booty diers ;to move ina military manner. We
ure of any portion of land. Shak. or plunder; a plunderer; usually applied say, the army marched, or the troops
MA’PLE, A tree of the genus to small parties of soldiers. i marched.
MA/PLE-TREE, ,™ Acer, of several spe- MARAUD‘ING, ppr. Roving in search o 2. To walk in a grave, deliberate or stately
cies. Ofthe sap of the rock maple, sugar plunder. manner.
is made in America, in great quantities, by MARAUD'ING, n. A roving for plunder; al| Like thee, great son of Jove, like thee,
evaporation. plundering by invaders. When clad in rising majesty,
MAPLE-SU’GAR, n. Sugar obtained by} MARAVE’'DI, n. A small copper coin of Thou marchest down o’er Delos’ hills.
evaporation from the juice of the rock Spain, equal to three mills American Prior.
maple. 4 money, less than a farthing sterling. M‘ARCH, v. ¢t. To cause to move, as an
MAP’PERY, n. [from map.] The art o MARBLE, n. [Fr. marbre ; Sp. marmol ; It. army. Buonaparte marched an immense
planning and designing maps. Shak. marmo; L. marmor; Gr. wappapos, white.] army to Moscow, but he did not march
them back to France.
M‘AR, v. t. [Sax. merran, mirran, myrran, 1. The popular name of any species of cal-
amyrran, to err, to deviate, to hinder, to) carious stone or mineral, of a compact 2. To cause to move in order or regular
texture, and of abeautiful appearance, sus- procession. Prior.
lose, scatter or waste, to draw from or mis-
lead, to corrupt or deprave ; Sp. marrar,| ceptible of a good polish. The varieties M‘AREH, n. [Fr. marche; It. marzo; D.
to deviate from truth and justice; marro, are numerous, and greatly diversified in mark ; G. marsch.]
want, defect; Ir. mearaighim; Gr. auap- color. Marble is limestone, or a stone 1. The walk or movement of soldiers in or-
zaveo, (qu. Gr. papawe, L. marceo;] It. which may be calcined to lime, a car- der, whether infantry or cavalry. The
smarrive, to miss, to lose; smarrimento, a bonate of lime; but limestone is a more troops were fatigued with a long march.
general name, comprehending the calea- 2. A grave, deliberate or solemn walk.
wandering.
1. To injure by cutting off a part, or by rious stones of an inferior texture, as well The long majestic march. Pope.
wounding and making defective; as, to as those which admit a fine polish. Mar- 3. A slow or laborious walk. Addison.
mar a tree by incision. ble is much used for statues, busts, pillars, 4. A signal to move; a particular beat’ of
i pray you, mar no more trees by writing chimney pieces, monuments, &c. the drum. Knolles.
songs in their barks. Shak. 2. A little ball of marble or other stone, used 5. Movement; progression; advance; as
Neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy by children in play. the march of reason; the march of mind.
beard. Lev. xix. 3. A stone remarkable for some inscription M‘ARCHER, n. The lord or officer who
2. To injure; tohurt; toimpair
the strength or sculpture. defended the marches or borders of a terri-
or purity of. Arundel marbles, marble pieces with a tory. Davies.
When brewers mar their malt with water. Arundelian marbles, . chronicle of the city M‘ARCHES, x. plu. [Sax- mearc; Goth.
Shak. of Athens inscribed on them; presented to| marka ; Fy. marches; D. mark; Basque,
 MAR MAR MAR
marra. It is radically the same word as 2. Written or printed in the margin; as a) coarse grass; a fen; a bog; a moor. It
mark and march.] marginal note or gloss. is now written marsh, which see.
Borders; limits; confines; as lord of the M‘ARGINALLY, adv. In the margin of al Sandys. Milton.
marches. ‘England. book. MAR‘ISH, a. Moory ; fenny ; boggy.
M‘ARCHING, ppr. Moving or walking in M‘ARGINATED, a. Having a margin. Bacon.
order or in a stately manner. M‘ARGODE, n. A bluish gray stone, re- MARITAL, a. (Fr. from L. maritus, Fr.
M‘ARCHING, n. Military movement ; pass- sembling clay in external appearance, but mart, a husband.] Pertaining to a hus-
age of troops. so hard as to cut spars and zeolites. band. Ayliffe.
M‘ARCGHIONESS, x. The wife or widow Nicholson. MARITIME, a. [L. maritimus, from mare,
of a marquis; or a female having the rank the sea.]
and dignity of a marquis. » — Spelman. M‘ARGOT, n. A fish of the perch kind, 1. Relating or pertaining to the sea or
M‘ARCHPANE, n. [Fr. massepain; L. found in the waters of Carolina. Pennant.
M‘ARGRAVE, n. [D. markgraff; G. mark- ocean ; as maritime affairs.
panis, bread.]}
A kind of sweet bread or biscuit. [/Vot used.] graf; Dan. margraeve; compounded of 2. Performed on the sea; naval; as mari-
mark, march, a border, and graff, graf or time service.
Sidney.
M‘ARCID, a. [L. marcidus, from marceo, to grave, an earl or count. See Reeve and 3. Bordering on the sea; as amaritime coast.
ine.] Sheriff] Originally, a lord or keeper of 4. Situated near the sea; as maritime towns.
Piking; wasted away ; lean; withered. the marches or borders ; now a title of no- 5. Having a navy and commerce by sea; as
maritime powers.
Dryden. - bility in Germany, &c. Maritimal is not now used.
M‘ARECOR, n. [L.] The state of withering MARGRA‘VIATE, n. The territory or ju- [Note. We never say, a maritime body, a
or wasting; leanness; waste of flesh. risdiction of a margrave.
maritime shell or production, a maritime offi-
[Little used.] Harvey. MAR/IETS, n. A kind of violet, [viol cer or engagement, a maritime league. See
MARE, n. [Sax. myra; G. mahre.] The fe- marian. | Marine.]
male of the horse, or equine genus of MARIG’ENOUS, a. [L. mare, the sea, and M‘ARJORAM, n. [Fr. marjolaine; It. mar-
quadrupeds. gigno, to produce.) Produced in or by the gorana; G. majoran; D. mariolien; Sp.
2. [Sax. mara, D. merrie, the name of a sea. Kirwan. mejorana ; Arm. marjol ;Port. mangerona.]
spirit imagined by the nations of the north MARIGOLD, x. [It is called in Welsh gold, A plant of the genus Origanum, of several
of Europe to torment persons in sleep.] which is said to be from gol, going round species. The sweet marjoram is peculiar-
A kind of torpor or stagnation which or covering. In D. it is called goudsbloem, ly aromatic and fragrant, and much used
seems to press the stomach in sleep; the gold-flower ; in G. ringelblume, ring-flow- in cookery. The Spanish marjoram is of
incubus. [It is now used only in the com- er; in Dan. guldblomst, gold-flower. | the genus Urtica. Fam. of Plants.
pound, nightmare, which ought to be writ- A plant of the genus Calendula, bearing a MARK, n. [Sax. marc, mearc; D. merk; G.
ten nightmar.] yellow flower. There are several plants marke ;Dan. merke ; Sw. marke ;W. mare ;
MAR/E€A, n. A species of duck in South of different genera bearing this name ; as Fr. marque; Arm. mercg; Sp. Port. It.
America. the African marigold, of the genus Tagetes ; marca; Sans. marcea. The word coin-
MARE’NA, n. A kind of fish somewhat corn-marigold, of the genus Chrysanthe- cides in elements with march, and with
like a pilchard. mum ; fig-marigold, of the genus Mesem- marches, borders, the utmost extent, and
M‘ARESCHAL, n. marshal. [Fr. marechal ; bryanthemum; marsh-marigold, of the with market, and L. mercor, the primary
D. G. marschalk ; Dan. marskalk, composed genus Caltha. sense of which is to go, to pass; as we see
of W. marc, a horse, and the Teutonic MAR‘IKIN, n. A species of monkey having by the Greek cumopevoua, from mLopeoumac,
sealk or skalk, schalk,a servant. This word a mane. Dict. Nat. Hist. to pass, Eng. fair, and fare. Thus in
is now written marshal, which see.] The MAR‘INATE, v. t. [Fr. mariner, from ma- Dutch, mark signifies a mark, a boundary,
chief commander of an army. Prior. rine.| and a march. Class Mr. No. 7. Ar.]
M‘ARGARATE, x. [L. margarita, a pearl, To salt or pickle fish, and then preserve them 1. A visible line made by drawing one sub-
from the Greek.] in oilor vinegar. [Little used.] Johnson. stance on another; as a mark made by
Yn chimistry, a compound of margaric acid MARINE, a. [Fr. from L. marinus, from chalk or charcoal, or a pen.
with a base. mare, the sea, W. mor. The seven lakes 2. A line, groove or depression made by
MARGAR ‘IE, a. [supra.] Pertaining to within the Delta Venetum were formerly stamping or cutting; an incision; a chan-
pearl. The margaric acid is obtained by called septem maria, and mare may signify) nel or impression; as the mark of a chis-
digesting soap made ofhog’s lard and pot- a stand of water.] el, of a stamp, of a rod or whip; the mark
ash, in water. It appears in the form of)FL. Pertaining to the sea; as marine produc- of the finger or foot.
pearly scales. Cyc. tions or bodies; marine shells. 3. Any note or sign of distinction.
M‘ARGARIN, A peculiar pearl-like 2. Transacted at sea; done on the ocean; as| 4 The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. 4,
M‘ARGARINE, ; ™ substance, extracted a marine engagenent. . Any visible effect of force or agency.
from hog’s lard ; called also margarite and 3. Doing duty on the sea; as a marine offi- There are scarce any marks left of a subter-
margaric acid. Silliman. cer; marine forces. raneous fire. Addison.
M‘ARGARITE, n. A pearl. Peacham. MARINE, n. A soldier that serves on board . Any apparent or intelligible effect ; proof,
2. Margaric acid. of a ship in naval engagements. In the evidence.
3. A mineral of a grayish white color found plural, marines, a body oftroops trained to The confusion of tongues was a mark ofsepa-
in Tyrol. Phillips. do military service on board of ships. ration. Bacon.
M‘ARGAY, n. An American animal of the 2. The whole navy of a kingdom or state. 6. Notice taken.
cat kind. Hamilton. The laws
M‘ARGIN, n. [formerly marge or margent. 3. The whole economy of naval affairs, com- Stand like the forfeits in a barber’s shop,
Fr. marge; Arm. marz; It. margine; Sp. As much for mock as mark. Shak.
prehending the building, rigging, equip- 7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may
margen ;L. margo; Dan. marg. It coin-| ping, navigating and management of ships
cides in elements with marches.} be directed.
of war in engagements. France was a fairer mark to shoot at than
1. A border; edge; brink; verge; as the MAR'INER, x. [Fr. marinier, from L. mare, Treland. Davies.
margin of a river or lake. the sea.] . Any object used as a guide, or to which
2. The edge of the leaf or page of a book, A seaman or sailor; one whose occupation the mind may be directed. The dome of
left blank or filled with notes. is to assist in navigating ships. the State house in Boston isa good mark
3. The edge of a wound. MAR‘IPUT, x. The zoril, an animal of the for seamen.
4. In botany, the edge of a leaf. Lee. skunk tribe. . Any thing visible by which knowledge of
MARGIN, v. ¢. To furnish with a margin; MAR‘ISH, xn. [Fr. marais ;Sax. merse; D. something may be obtained; indication;
to border. moeras ; G. morast ; from L. mare, W. mor, as the marks of age ina horse. Civility is
2. To enter in the margin. the sea.] a mark of politeness or respect. Leyvity is
M‘ARGINAL, a. Pertaining to a margin. Low ground, wet or covered with water and| a mark of weakness.
 MAR MAR MAR
10. A character made by a person who can-\M'ARKET, v. 7. To dealin market ; to buy}, M‘ARLPIT, nx. A pit where marl is dug.
not write his name, and intended as a or sell ; to make bargains for provisions or Woodward.
g oods.
|
substitute for it. M‘ARLY, a. Consisting in or partaking of
11. [Fr. marc, Sp. marco.| A weight of cer-/M‘ARKET-BELL, x. The bell that gives marl.
tain commodities, but particularly of gold notice of the time or day of market. 2. Resembling marl. Mortimer.
and silver, used in several states of Eu-|/M’ARKET-€ROSS, n. A cross set up 3. Abounding with marl.
|
rope; in Great Britain, a money of ac- where a market is held. MARMALADE, n. [Fr. marmelade; Sp.
count, equal to thirteen shillings and four M‘ARKET-DAY, n. The day of a public mermelada; Port. marmelada, from mar-
pence. In some countries, it is a coin. market. melo, a quince, L. melo, or Sp. melado, like
12. A license of reprisals. [See Marque.] M‘ARKET-FOLKS, n. People that come honey, L. mel.]
MARK, v. t. [Sax. mearcian; D. merken; to the market. Shak. The pulp of quinces boiled into a consist-
G. marken; Dan. merker; Sw. méarka; M'‘ARKET-HOUSE, n. A building for a ence with sugar, or a confection of plums,
Fr. marquer ; Arm. mercga ; Port. and Sp. public market. apricots, quinces, &c. boiled with. sugar.
marcar ; It. marcare ;W. marciaw.] M’ARKET-MAID, n. A woman that brings In Scoiland, it is made of Seville oranges
. Todraw or make a visible line or charac- things to market. and sugar only. Quincy. Encye.
ter with any substance; as, to mark with M‘ARKET-MAN, n. A man that brings M‘ARMALITE, n. [Gr. papuacpw, to shine.1
chalk or with compasses. things to market. A mineral of a pearly or metallic luster ;a
2. To stamp; to impress; to make a visible M‘ARKET-PLACE, n. The place where hydrate of magnesia. Nuttall.
impression, figure or indenture; as, to provisions or goods are exposed to sale. MARMORA‘CEOUS, a. Pertaining to or
mark a sheep with a brand. M‘ARKET-PRICE, The current price like marble. [See Marmorean, the more
3. To make an incision; to lop off a part; M‘ARKET-RATE, §”* of commodities at legitimate word.
to make any sign of distinction; as, to any given time. MARMORATED, a. [L. marmor, marble.]
mark sheep or cattle by cuts in their ears. M‘ARKET-TOWN, xn. A town that has the Covered with marble. [Little used.] F
. To form a name or the initials of aname privilege of a stated public market. MARMORA‘TION, n. A covering or in-
for distinction ; as, to mark cloth; to mark M‘ARKET-WOMAN, n. A woman that crusting with marble. [Little used.]
a handkerchief. brings things to market or that attends a MARMO’REAN, a. [L. marmoreus.| Per-
. To notice; to take particular observation market for selling any thing. taining to marble.
of. M‘ARKETABLE, a. That ma y be sold; 2. Made of marble.
Mark them who cause divisions and offenses. salable. Sha x.||M'ARMOSE, n. An animal resembling the
Rom. xvi. 2. Currentin market; as marketable value. opossum, but less. Instead of a bag, this
Mark the perfect man, and behold the up- animal has two longitudinal folds near the
right, forthe end of that man is peace. Ps. Locke. Edwards.
M‘ARKSMAN, n. [Mark and man.] One thighs, which serve to inclose the young.
XNXXVil.
that is skillful to hit a mark; he that shoots Dict. Nat. Hist.
6. To heed ; to regard. Smith. M‘ARMOSKET, n. A small monkey. Shak.
To mark out, to notify, as by a mark; to well. Shak. Dryden.
MARMOT, n. [It. marmotta.] A quadru-
point out; to designate. The ringleaders 2. One who, not able to write, makes his ped of the genus Arctomys, allied to the
were marked out for seizure and punish- mark instead of his name.
murine tribe. It is about the size of the
ment. M‘ARL, n. [W. marl; D. Sw. Dan. G.
rabbit, and inhabits the higher region of
MARK, v.i. To note; to observe critically; mergel; L. Sp. It. marga; Ir. marla;
Arm. marg. It seems to be allied to Sax. the Alps and Pyrenees. The name is also
to take particular notice ; to remark. given to other species of the genus. The
Mark, 1 pray you, and see how this man merg, mearh ; D. merg, marrow, and to be
woodehuck of North America is called
seeketh mischief. 1 Kings xx. named from its softness; Eth. ®G%) the Maryland marmot. Ed. Encyc.
M‘ARKABLE, a. Remarkable. [.Vot in use.] clay, gypsum, or mortar. See Marrow.] MAROON’, n. A name given to free blacks
Sandys. A species of calcarious earth, of different living on the mountains in the West India
M‘ARKED, pp. Impressed with any note or composition, being united with clay or isles.
figure of distinction; noted ; distinguished fuller’s earth. Ina crude state, it effer- MAROON,, v. t. To put a sailor ashore on
by some character. vesces with acids. It is found loose and a desolate isle, under pretence ofhis hay-
MARKER, n. One who puts a mark on friable, or more or less indurated. It pos- ing committed some great crime.
any thing. sesses fertilizing properties and is much Encyc.
2. One that notes or takes notice. used for manure. M‘ARQUE, n, [Fr-] Letters of marque
MARKET, n. [D. G. markt; Dan. mar- Marl is composed of carbonate of lime and MARK, "are letters of reprisal; a
ked; Fr..marché ; Arm. marchad ; It. mer- clay in various proportions. -Cleaveland. license or extraordinary commission
cato ; Sp. Port. mercado ; L. mercatus, from M‘ARL, v. t. To overspread or manure with granted by a sovereign of one state to his
mercor, to buy ;W. marcnat; Ir. margadh. marl. subjects, to make reprisals at sea on the
See Mark.} 2. To fasten with marline. Ainsworth. subjects of another, under pretense of
. A public place in a city or town, where MARLA/CEOUS, a. Resembling marl; indemnification for injuries received.
provisions or cattle are exposed to sale; partaking of the qualities of marl. Marque is said to be from the same root
an appointed place for selling and buying M‘ARLINE, n. (Sp. merlin ; Port. merlim.] as marches, limits, frontiers, and literally
at private sale, as distinguished from an A small line composed of two strands little to denote a license to pass the limits ofa
auction. twisted, and either tarred or white ; used jurisdiction on land, for the purpose of
wo. A public building in which provisions are} for winding round ropes and cables, to obtaining satisfaction for theft by seizing
exposed to sale ;a market-house. prevent their being fretted by the blocks, the property of the subjects of a foreign
w. Sale; the exchange of provisions or goods &e. Mar. Dict. nation. Ican give no better account of
for money; purchase or rate of purchase M‘ARLINE, v. ft. To wind marline round the origin of this word. Lanier.
and sale. The seller says he comes to a pe
a rope. 2. The ship commissioned for making re-
bad market, when the buyer says he comes M‘ARLINE-SPIKE, n. A small iron like a prisals.
toa good market. We say, the markets large spike, used to open the bolt rope M‘ARQUETRY, zx. [Fr. marqueterie, from
are low or high; by which we understand when the sail is to be sewed to it, &c. marque, marqueter, to spot.]
the price or rate of purchase. We say Bailey. Inlaid work; work inlaid with variegations
that commodities find a quick or ready M‘ARLING, n. The act of winding a small offine wood, shells, ivory and the like.
market ; markets are dull. We are not able line about arope, to preventits being gall- M‘ARQUIS, n. [Fr. id.; Sp. marques; It.
to find a market for our goods or provis- ed. marchese; from march, marches, limits.
ions. M‘ARLITE, n. A variety of marl. See Marches.]
= Place of sale ; as the British market; the Kirwan. A title of honor in Great Britain, next to
American market. MARLIT'IC€, a. Partaking of the qualities that of duke. Originally, the marquis was
5. The privilege of keeping a public market. ) of marlite. \ an officer whose duty was to guard the
 MAR MAR MAR
marches or frontiers of the kingdom. The |
manly, masculine, brave; whence its de-| 2. One who regulates rank and order at a
office has ceased, and marquis is now a rivatives, a man, L. vir, a husband, a feast or any other assembly, directs the
mere title conferred by patent. Encyc. lord or master. See also Ludolf, Eth. order of procession and the like.
M‘ARQUIS, n. A marchioness. eas F Lex. Col. 68.] 3. A harbinger; a pursuivant; one who goes
ak. 1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to before a prince to declare his coming and
M‘ARQUISATE, n. The seigniory, dignity, join a man and woman for life, and con- provide entertainment. Johnson.
or lordship of a marquis. stitute them man and wife according to 4. In France, the highest military officer.
M‘ARRER, n. [from mar.] One that mars, the laws or customs of a nation. By the In other countries of Europe, a marshal is
hurts or impairs. : Ascham. laws, ordained clergymen have a right to a military officer of high rank, and called
MARRIABLE, for marriageable. [Not marry persons within certain limits pre- Jfield-marshal.
used.| scribed. 5. In America, a civil officer, appointed by
MAR/RIAGE, 2. [Fr. mariage, from marier, Tell him he shall marry the couple himself. the President and Senate of the United
to marry, from mart, a husband; L. mas, Gay. States, in each judicial district, answering
maris; Sp. maridage.| 2. To dispose ofin wedlock. to the sheriffof a county. His duty is to
The act of uniting a man and woman for Mecenas told Augustus he must either mar- execute all precepts directed to him, issu-
ry his daughter Julia to Agrippa, or take away
life ;wedlock; the legal union of a man his life. Bacon.
ed under the authority of the United
and woman for life. Marriage is a con- States.
{In this sense, it is properly applicable to
tract both civil and religious, by which JSemales only.| 6. An officer of any private society, appoint-
the parties engage to live together in mu- ed to regulate their ceremonies and exe-
3. To take for husband or wife. We say, a
tual affection and fidelity, till death shall man marries a woman; or a woman mar- cute their orders.
separate them. Marriage was instituted ries aman. The first was the original Earl marshal of England, the eighth officer
by God himself for the purpose of pre- sense, but both are now well authorized. of state ;an honorary title, and personal,
venting the promiscuous intercourse of} 4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in until made hereditary by Charles II, in the
the sexes, for promoting domestic felicity, the closest connection. family of Howard. During a vacancy in
and for securing the maintenance and ed- the office of high constable, the earl mar-
ucation of children. Tum, O backsliding children, saith Jehovah, shal has jurisdiction in the court of chiv-
for 1 am married to you. Jer. iii.
Marriage is honorable in all and the bed un- alry. Encye.
defiled. Heb. ‘xiii. MAR/RY, v. i. To enter into the conjugal Earl marshal of Scotland. This officer for-
2. A feast made on the occasion of a mar- state; to unite as husband and wife; to merly had command ofthe cavalry, under
riage. take a husband or a wife. the constable. This office was held by
The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it the family of Keith, but forfeited by re-
who made a marriage for his son. Matt. xxii. is not good to marry. Matt. xix. bellion in 1715. Encyc.
3. In a scriptural sense, the union between I will therefore that the younger women Knight marshal, or marshal of the king’s
marry. 1 Tim. v. house, formerly an officer who was to ex-
Christ and his church by the covenant of
race. Rev. xix. MAR’RY, aterm of asseveration, issaid to ecute the commands of the lord steward,
MAR’RIAGEABLE, a. Of an age suitable have been derived from the practice of and have the custody of prisoners com-
for marriage; fit to be married. Young swearing by the virgin Mary. It is obso- mitted by the court of verge ; hence, the
persons are marriageable at an earlier age lete. name ofa prison in Southwark. Encye.
in warm climates than in cold. MARS, n. In mythology, the god of war; Marshal of the king’s bench, an officer who
2. Capable of union. Milton. in modern usage, a planet; and in the old has the custody of the prison called the
chimistry, a term for iron. king’s bench, in Southwark. He attends
MAR’RIAGE-ARTI€LES, ». Contract or M‘ARSH, n. [Sax. merse; Fr. marais; D.
agreement on which a marriage is found- on the court and has the charge of the
moeras; G.morast. It was formerly writ-) prisoners committed by them. Encye.
ed.
ten marish, directly from the French. We
MAR’RIED, pp. [from marry.] United in| have morass from the Teutonic. MA‘RSHAL, v, t. To dispose in order ; to
See
wedlock. Moor.| arrange in a suitable manner; as, to mar-
2. a. Conjugal; connubial; as the married A tract of low land, usually or occasionally shal an army ; to marshal troops. Dryden.
state. 2. To lead, asa harbinger. [Vol used.]
covered with water, or very wet and miry,
MAR’ROW, n. [Sax. merg, mearh ; D. merg ;
and overgrown with coarse grass or with Shak.
G. mark ; Dan. marv; Sw. marg; Corn. \3. To dispose in due order the several parts
detached clumps of sedge; a fen. [t dif- of an escutcheon, or the coats of arms of
maru; Ir. smir and smear; W. mér, mar- fers from swamp, which is merely moist
row; Ch. nv) mera, to make fat; Ar. to distinct families. Encyc.
or spungy land, but often producing val-
be manly. See Marl.] |M‘ARSHALED, pp. Arranged in due or-
uable crops of grass. Low land occasion-
1. A soft oleaginous substance contained in ally overflowed by the tides, is called salt der.
the cavities of animal bones. marsh. M‘ARSHALER, 2. Gne who disposes in
2. The essence; the best part. due order.
M‘ARSH-EL’DER, x. The gelder rose, a
3. In the Scottish dialect, a companion; species of Viburnum. Lee. M‘ARSHALING, ppr. Arranging in due
fellow ; associate ; match. Tusser. order.
M‘ARSH-MAL’LOW, n. A plant of the ge-
MAR’ROW, v. t. To fill with marrow or nus Althzea. M‘ARSHALSEA, n. In England, the pris-
with fat; to glut. on in Southwark, belonging to the mar-
MAR’/ROW-BONE, n. A bone containing M‘ARSH-MAR/IGOLD,
genus Caltha.
n. A plant of the
shai of the king’s household. Johnson.
marrow, or boiled for its marrow. Court of marshalsea, a court formerly held
LD’Estrange. ! cresses.
M‘ARSH-ROCK’ET, 2. A species of water
before the steward and marshal of the
Johnson.
2. The bone of the knee; in ludicrous lan- M'ARSHAL, x. [Fr. marechal ;D. G. mar- king’s house, to administer justice between
Uage. Dryden. the king’s domestic servants. Blackstone.
schalk ; Dan. marshalk ; compounded of W,
MAR’ROWFAT, n. A kind of rich pea. marc, a horse, and Teut. scealc, or schalk, M‘ARSHALSHIP, n. The office of a mar-
or skalk, aservant. The latter word now shal.
MAR’ROWISH, a. Of the nature of mar-
signifies a rogue. In Celtic, scal or scale MARSHY, a. [from marsh.] Wet; boggy;
row. Burton.
signified a man, boy, or servant. In Fr. fenny. Dryden.
MAR’/ROWLESS, a. Destitute of marrow,|
marechal, Sp. mariscal, signify a marshal, 2. Produced in marshes ; as a marshy weed.
Shak. and a farrier.] Originally, an officer who
MAR’ROWY, a. Full of marrow; pithy. Dryden.
MARRY, v. t. (Fr. marier, from mari, a
had the care of horses; a groom. In M‘ART, n. [from market.] A place of sale
more modern usage, or traffick. It was formerly applied chief-
husband; L. mas, maris, a male; Finnish,
Sie \l. The chief officer of arms, whose duty it ly to markets and fairsin cities and towns,
‘mart or mord,id.; Ar. Vy mara, to be! is to regulate combats in the lists. but it has now a more extensive applica-
Johnson. tion. We say, the United States are a
 MAR MAR MAS
principal mart for English goods; Eng- M‘ARTYR, n. [Gr. napzup, a witness.] One M‘ARVELOUSLY, adv. Wonderfully ;
land and France are the marts of Ameri- who, by his death, bears witness to the strangely ; in a manner to excite wonder
can cotton. truth of the gospel. Stephen was the first or surprise. Clarendon.
2. Bargain; purchase and sale. [JVot used.] christian martyr. M‘ARVELOUSNESS, n. Wonderfulness ;
Shak. To be a martyr signifies only to witness the strangeness.
MART, v. t. To buy and sell; to traffick. truth of Christ. South. MA/RY-BUD, n. The marigold. Shak.
{Not used.] Shak. 2. One who suffers death in defense of any M‘ASCLE, n. m‘asl. In heraldry,
a lozenge,
M‘ARTAGON, n. A kind of lily. Herbert. cause. We say, a man dies a martyr to his as it were perforated. Todd.
MARTEL, v. t. [Fr. marteler.j To strike. political principles or to the cause of liber- M'‘AS€ULINE, a. [Fr. masculin; L. mas-
Obs. Obs. | ty. culinus, from masculus, mas, or the Ir.
MARTEN. [See Martin.] M‘ARTYR, v. t. To put to death for ad- modh, Polish maz, Bohemian muz, Slavon-
M'‘ARTEN, n. [D. marter ; G. marder ; Fr. hering to what one believes to be the ic, mosch.]
marte; Arm. mart, martr; Sp. marta; It. truth; to sacrifice one on account of his 1. Having the qualities of a man; strong;
martora.] faith or profession. Pearson. robust; as a masculine body.
An animal of the genus Mustela, or weasel 2. To murder ; to destroy. Chaucer. 2. Resembling man; coarse; opposed to
kind, whose fur is used in making hats (M‘ARTYRDOM, n. The death ofa martyr ; delicate or soft ;as masculine features.
and muffs. the suffering of death on account of one’s 3. Bold; brave; as a masculine spirit or
adherence to the faith of the gospel. courage.
MARTIAL, a. [Fr. from L. martialis ; Sp.
marcial ; It. marziale; from L. Mars, the He intends to crown their innocence with the 4. In grammar, the masculine gender of words
glory of martyrdom. Bacon. is that which expresses a male, or some-
god of war.] thing analagous to it; or it is the gender
1. Pertaining to war; suited to war; as M‘ARTYRIZE, v. t. To offer as a martyr.
appropriated to males, though not always
martial equipage ; martial music ; a mar- [Little used.] Spenser. expressing the male sex.
tial appearance. MARTYROLOGI€CAL, a. Registering or
2. Warlike ;brave; given to war; asa mar- Encyc. Johnson.
registered in a catalogue of martyrs.
tial nation or people. MARTYROL/OGIST, x. A writer of mar- M'AS€ULINELY, adv. Like aman.
3. Suited to battle ;as a martial array. tyrology, or an account of martyrs. B. Jonson.
4. Belonging to war, or to an army and na- MARTYROL/OGY, n. [Gr. paprvp, a wit- M‘ASCULINENESS, n. The quality or
vy; opposed to civil ;as martial law; all ness, and doyos, discourse.] state of being manly ; resemblance of man
court martial. \A history or account of martyrs with their in qualities; as in coarseness of features,
5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the prop- sufferings ; or a register of martyrs. strength of body, boldness, &c.
erties of that planet. | Stillingfleet. MASH, n. [G. meischen, to mix, to mash;
The natures of the fixed stars are esteemed (MARVEL, n. [Fr. merveille ; Ir. miorbhaille ; Sp. mascar, to chew, Fr. macher, for mas-
martial or jovial, according to the colors by It. maraviglha; Sp. maravilla ; Port. ma- cher, L. mastico.]
which they answer to those planets. Obs. ravilha ;Arm. marz; L. mirabilis, won- 1. A mixture or mass of ingredients, beaten
Brown. derful, from miror, Ch. Syr. 397 de- or blended together in a promiscuous man-
6. Having the properties of iron, called by mar, to wonder, L. demiror. Wehave the ner.
the old chimists, Mars. | primary sense in the Armoric miret. to 2. A mixture for a horse. Far. Dict.
M'‘ARTIALISM, n. Bravery; martial ex- stop, hold, keep, guard, hinder; for to 3. Amesh. [See Mesh, the more common
ercises. [JVot in use.] Prince. wonder, admire or be astonished, is to orthography. |
M‘ARTIALIST, n. A warrior; a fighter. stop, to hold, to be fixed, which exactly MASH, v. t. To beat into a confused mass.
[Not used.} Howel. expresses the fact. The Russian zamira- 2. To bruise ; to crush by beating or press-
MARTIN, n. [Fr. martinet ;Sp. martinete. yu, to be astonished, is the same word with ure ; as, to mash apples in a mill.
The Germans call it mauer-schwalbe, wall- a prefix, and from miryu, to pacify or ap- 3. To mix malt and water together in brew-
swallow, and perhaps the word is formed pease, that is, to stop, to allay. From the ing.
from the root of L. murus, W. mur, a same root or family, probably, we have MASHED, pp. Beat into a mass; bruised ;
wall.] moor. to moor a ship, Sp. Port. amar- crushed ; mixed into a mash.
A bird of the genus Hirundo, which forms rar, Fr. amarrer, to moor, and demeurer, to MASH/ING, ppr. Beating into a mass;
its nest in buildings. It was formerly! dwell or abide. So also L. mora, delay, bruising ; crushing.
written by some authors martlet. Dryden.| and perhaps morior, W. maru, to die, mu- MASH/ING-TUB, xn. A tub for containing
M‘ARTINET, 2, In_ military language, a) rus, a wall, Eng. demur, &c. Class Mr. the mash in breweries.
M‘ARTLET, § ‘strict disciplinarian ; so, No. 32.] MASH’Y, a. Produced by crushing or bruis-
called from an officer of that name. 1. A wonder ; that which arrests the atten- ing. Thomson.
M‘ARTINETS, xn. In ships, martinets are tion and causes a person to stand or gaze, M‘ASK, n. [Fr. masque; It. maschera; Sp.
small lines fastened to the leech of a sail,| or to pause. [This word is nearly obso- Port. mascara; Arm. masel; D. masker;
to bring it close to the yard when the sail) lete, or at least little used in elegant wri- G. maske.|
is furled. Bailey. tings. ] 1. A cover for the face; that which conceals
M‘ARTINGAL, n. [Fr. martingale ; It. 2. Wonder ; admiration. the face, especially a cover with apertures
Sp. martingala. The Portuguese call it Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus Mirabi-| for the eyes and mouth; a visor. A mask
gamarra. | lis. is designed to conceal the face from be-
1. A strap or thong fastened to the girth un- \M‘ARVEL, v. 7. To wonder. It expresses holders, or to preserve the complexion
der a horse’s belly, and at the other end less than astonish or amaze. [Nearly obso- from injury by exposure to the weather
to the muss-roll, passing between the fore lete.] and the rays of the sun. Encye.
legs. Encye. M‘ARVELING, ppr. Wondering. 2. That which disguises; any pretense or
2. In ships, a rope extending from the jib- M‘ARVELOUS, a. [Fr. merveilleux ; It. subterfuge. Prior.
boom, to the end of a bumpkin under marviglioso. | 3. A festive entertainment of dancing or
the cap of the bowsprit. Mar. Dict. 1. Wonderful; strange ; exciting wonder or other diversions, in which the company all
M‘ARTINMAS, n. [Martin and mass.] The some degree of surprise. wear masks; a masquerade. Shak.
feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of Novem- This is the Lord’s doing; it is marvelous in 4. A revel; a bustle; a piece of mummery.
ber. Johnson. our eyes. Ps. cxviii. This thought might lead through this world’s
M‘ARTLET, n. [See Martin.] Martlets, in 2. Surpassing credit; incredible. Pope. vain mask, Milton.
heraldry, are little birds represented with- 3. The marvelous, in writings, is that which 5. Adramatic performance written ina trag-
out feet, used as a mark of distinction for exceeds natural power, or is preternatural 3| ic style, without attention to rules or
younger brothers of a family, who are opposed to probable. Johnson. probability. Peacham.
thus admonished that they are to trust for 4. Formerly used adverbially for wonderful- 6. In architecture, a piece of sculpture repre-
promotion to the wings of merit. Encyc. ly, exceedingly. senting some grotesque form, to fill and
 MAS MAS MAS
adorn vacant places, as in friezes, pammels|M‘ASS, 2. [Fr. masse, a mass, a heap, a act; it is killing, and it is slaughter, but it
of doors, keys of arches, &c. Encyc. mace, or club; Port. maga, dough, and al is not a massacre. Whereas, if a soldier
MASK, v. t. To cover the face for conceal- mace ; Sp. masa, dough, mortar, a mass, kills an enemy after he has surrendered, it
ment or defense against injury ; to conceal and maza, a club, a mace; mazo, a mallet; it is massacre, a killing without necessity,
with a mask or visor. ; Addison. It. massa, a heap, and mazza, a mace; G. often without authority, contrary to the
2. To disguise ; to cover; to hide. masse; LL. massa, amass. These words usages of nations, and of course with cru-
Masking the business from the common eye. seem to belong to the root of the Greek elty. The practice of killing prisoners,
Shak. “ado, to beat or pound, the root of which even when authorized by the commander,
MASK, v. i. To revel; to play the fool in is «ay; hence the connection between is properly massacre; as the authority
masquerade. mass, and mace,a club. If any of these given proceeds from cruelty. We have
2. To be disguised in any way. Shak. words are of a different origin, they may all heard of the massacre of the protestants
MASKED, pp. Having the face covered ; belong to the root ofmiz.] in France, in the reign of Charles IX. and
concealed ; disguised. . A lump; a body ofmatter concreted, col- frequent instances of barbarous massacre
2. a. In botany, personate. lected or formed into a lump; applied to occur in the war between the Turks and
M‘ASKER, n. One that wears a mask ; one any solid body ; as a mass ofiron or lead ; Greeks.
that plays the fool at a masquerade. a mass of flesh; a mass of ice; a mass of), 2. Murder. Shak.
M‘ASKERY, n. The dress or disguise of a dough. MAS‘SA€CER, 2 To murder human be-
masker. Marston. 2. A collective body of fluid matter. The IMAS’/SA€RE, § * * ings with circumstan-
M‘ASK-HOUSE, n. A place for masquer- ocean is a mass of water. ces of cruelty; to kill men with indis-
ades. Bp. Hall. 3. A heap; as a mass ofearth. criminate violence, without authority or
M‘ASKING, ppr. Covering with a mask; ‘4. A great quantity collected; as a mass of, necessity, and contrary to the usages of
concealing. treasure. nations ; to butcher human beings.
MASLIN. [See Meslin.] 5. Bulk ;magnitude. MAS’SA€RER, -r. One who massacres.
MA/SON, n. ma’sn. [Fr. macon ;Arm. mac- This army of such mass and charge. Shak. [4 very bad word.] Burke.
zonn ; D. metselaar. In Sp. mazoneria is ‘6. An assemblage; a collection of particu- ‘MASSER, ». A priest who celebrates mass.
masonry, as if from mazo, a mallet, maza, lars blended, confused orindistinct ; as a IMAS/SETER, n. [Gr. from pascaouar, to
aclub, a mace. It is probably from the mass of colors. Addison. chew.] A muscle which raises the un-
root of mix or mash, or more probably of| They lose their forms, and make a mass der jaw.
mass, and denotes one that works in mor- Confused and black, if brought too near. MAS’SI€OT, [Fr. massicot.] Calcined
tar. See Mass.) Prior. MAS/TICOT, §”* white lead; yellow oxyd
—_- A man whose occupation is to lay bricks 7. Gross body of things considered collec- of lead. Lead exposed to the air while
and stones, or to construct the walls of’ tively ; the body ; the bulk; as the mass of} melting, is covered with a gray, dusky pel-
buildings, chimneys and the like, which people in a nation. A small portion of] licle. This pellicle carefully taken off, is
consist of bricks or stones. morbid matter may infect the whole mass reduced by agitation to a greenish gray
2. A member ofthe fraternity of free masons. of fluids in the body. powder, inclining to yellow. This oxyd,
MASON’IE€, a. Pertaining to the craft or Comets have power over the mass of things.
Bacon.
separated from the grains oflead by sifting,
mysteries of free masons. and exposed to a more intense heat, suffi-
MA’/SONRY, n. [Fr. maconnerie; Sp. ma- M‘ASS, n. [Sax. mesa, messe; Fr. messe ;)\
It. messa; Sp. misa; D. misse; G. Dan. cient to make it red hot, assumes a deep
zoneria.| yellow color. In this state it is called mas-
j. The art or occupation of amason. messe ; Sw. messa; Low L. missa. The
word signifies primarily leisure, cessation sicol. Massicot, slowly heated by a mode-
2. The work or performance of amason; as rate fire, takes a beautiful red color, and
when we say, the wall is good masonry. from labor, from the L. missus, remissus,|, |
| obtains the name of minium. ~ Fourcroy.
like the L. ferie ; hence a feast or holiday.
3. The craft of free masons.
MAS'ORA, zn. [Heb.] A Hebrew work on Laws of Alfred, 39. “ Be messe dege fre- Massicot is sometimes used by painters, and
the bible, by several Rabbins. olse.” De festivitate diet festi. See also | itis used as a drier in the composition of
Laws of Cnute, Lib. 1. 14. and 2. 42. | ointments and plasters. Encyc.
MASORET'I€, a. [Heb. D1, to deliver,)
Hence Sax. hlafmesse, lemmas, bread- M‘ASSINESS, [See Massy, Mass-
feast, and Martin-mas, Michael-mas, can- M‘ASSIVENESS, g ive.] The state of be-
whence masora, tradition, whence the
Masorites, the adherents to the tradition- ing massy ; great weight or weight with
ary readings of the Scriptures.] dlemas, christmas. |
| bulk; ponderousness.
Relating to the Masorites, who interpreted The service of the Romish church; the of- M'‘ASSIVE, [Fr. massif, from mass.}
the Scriptures by tradition, and invented fice or prayers used at the celebration of;
the Hebrew points to fix the true reading the eucharist; the consecration of the \M'ASSY, * Heavy; weighty ; ponder-
bread and wine. Lye. Encyc. Wilkins. ous; bulky and heavy; as a massy shield;
and pronunciation. Whence the vowel- a massy rock.
points are denominated masoretic. M‘ASS, v. 7. To celebrate mass. [Notused.]
MAS/ORITE, x. One of the writers of the Hooker. The yawning rocks in massy fragments fly.
M‘ASS, v. t. To fill; tostuff; to strengthen.) Pope.
Masora.
MASQUERA’DE, n. [It. mascherata. See} [Not used. } Hayward. MASSIVE, a. In mineralogy, in mass;
Mask.} \|MAS’‘SACER, [Fr. massacre; Arm. having a erystaline structure, but not a
1, A nocturnal assembly of persons wearing MAS/SA€RE, § ™ maczaer ; It. mazzicare, regular form. We say, a mineral occurs
masks, and amusing themselves with to beat, from mazza, a club, a mace. So}| massive.
dancing, conversation and other diver- smite in English signifies to kill, as well as M‘AST, x. [Sax. mast; D. G. Sw. Dan,
sions. to beat.] | mast; Fr. mat, for mast; Port. masto or
In courtly balls and midnight masquerades. 1. The murder of an individual, or the mastro; Sp. mastiles, masts; masteleros,
Pope. slaughter of numbers of human beings,|) top-masts ; masto, a trunk, a stock in which
2. Disguise. with circumstances of cruelty; the indis- any cion is ingrafted.
I came to visit thee in masquerade. Dryden. criminate killing of human beings, without \A long, round piece of timber, elevated or
3. A Spanish diversion on horseback. authority or necessity, and without forms designed to be raised perpendicularly or
Clarendon. civil or military. It differs from assassi- nearly so, on the keel of a ship or other
MASQUERA’DE, v. 7%. To go in disguise. nation, which is a private killing. It dif- vessel, to which the yards, sails and rig-
2. To assemble in masks. Swift. fers from carnage. which is rather the ef- ging are attached, and by which they are
MASQUERA’'DE, v. t. To put in disguise.| fect of slaughter than slaughter itself, and supported. A mast is asingle stick, form-
Killingbeck. is applied to the authorized destruction of| ed from the trunk ofatree, or it consists of
MASQUERA’DER, n. A person wearing a men in battle. Massacre is sometimes many pieces of timber united by iron
mask ; one disguised. LD’Estrange. called butchery, from its resemblance to the bands. Masts are of several kinds, as the
MASQUERA'DING, ppr. Assembling in killing of cattle. If a soldier kills a man in main-mast, fore-mast, mizzen-mast, top-
masks for diversion. battle in his own defense, it isa lawful mast, top-gallant-mast, &c. ;
Vol. II. 13
 MAS MAS MAS
MAST, n. [Sax. meste, acorns, food; Goth, master of music, of the flute or violin; a 2. Superiority ;preeminence.
mats, food, meat; Ir. mais, meas, an master of his subject, &c. Where noble youths for mastership should
acorn ; maise, food; W. mes, acorns, a por- 14. A title of dignity in colleges and univer- strive. Dryden.
tion, a meal; mesen, an acorn. This may sities; as Master of Arts. 3. Chief work; master-piece. [JVot sedi
be the American maiz, and signify food in||15. The chief of a society; as the Grand ; 5 Dryden.
general, from eating, chewing, mastica- Master of Malta, of free-masons, &c. 4. Superior skill. Shak-
ting, or primarily a nut kernel, or acorn, 16. The director of ceremonies at public pla- 5. Title of respeet; in irony.
the food of the primitive tribes of men. It ces, or on public occasions. How now, signior Launce, what new with
seems to be radically the same word as 17. The president of a college. England. your mastership. Shak.
meat.| Master in chancery, an assistant of the lord 6. The office of president of a college, or
The fruit of the oak and beech, or other for- chancellor, chosen from among the barris- other institution.
est trees; nuts; acorns. [It has no plural.| ters to sit in chancery, or at the rolls. M‘ASTER-SINEW, n. A large sinew that
M‘ASTED, a. Furnished with a mast or Encye- surrounds the hough of a horse, and di-
masts. Master of the rolls, an officer who has charge vides it from the bone by a hollow place,
MASTER, n. [Fr. maitre, for maister ; of the rolls and patents that pass the great where the wind-galls are usually seated. —
Russ. master ; D. meester ; G. meister; Sw. seal, and of the records of the chancery. Far. Dict.
mistare; Dan. mester; Arm. meastr; It. Encye. M‘ASTER-STRING, n. Principal string.
Sp. maestro ; L. magister, compounded o To be master of one’s self, to have the com- Rowe.
the root of magis, major, greater, and the mand or control of one’s own passions. M'ASTER-STROKE, 2. Capital perform-
‘Teutonic ster, Sax. steoran, to steer. See The word master has numerous applications, ance. Blackmore.
Steer. The word then signifies a chief di- in all of which it has the sense ofdirector, M‘ASTER-TOOTH, n. A prineipal tooth.
rector. See Minister.] chief or superintendent. Bacon.
- Aman who rules, governs or directs ei- As atitle of respect given to adult persons, M‘ASTER-TOUCH, n. Principal paren:
ther men or business. A man who owns itis pronounced mister; a pronunciation ance. Tatler.
slaves is their master ; he who has servants which seems to have been derived from M‘ASTER-WORK, x. Principal perform-
is their master ;he who has apprentices is some of the northern dialects. [supra.] ance. omson.
their master, as he has the government M‘ASTER, v. t. To conquer ;to overpower } M'‘ASTER-WORT, x. A plant of the genus
and direction of them. The man who to subdue ; to bring under control. Imperatoria.
superintends and directs any business, is Obstinacy and willful neglect must be master- MASTERY, x. Dominion ; power of goy-
master, or master workman. ed, even though it costs blows. Locke. erning or commanding.
O thou my friend, my genius, come along, Evil customs must be mastered by degrees. If divided by mountains, they will fight for
Thou master of the poet and the song. Calamy. the mastery of the passages of the tops—
Pope. 2. To execute with skill. aa Raleigh.
I will not offer that which J cannot mas- . Superiority in competition ;preeminence.
Nations that want protectors, will have mas- Every man that striveth for the mastery, is
ter. Bacon.
ters. Ames. temperate in all things. 1 Cor. ix.
3. To rule; to govern.
- . A director, head, or chief manager ; as the —And rather father thee than master thee. . Victory in war.
master ofa feast. [Vot used.] Shak. It is not the voice of them that shout for mas-
3. The owner; proprietor; with the idea of MASTER, v. i. To be skillful; to excel. tery. Ex. xxxii.
governing. ‘he master ofa house may be Obs. Spenser.) 4, Eminent skill; superior dexterity.
the owner, or the occupant, who has a M‘ASTERDOM, x. Dominion; rule. [.Vot He could attain to a mastery in all languages.
temporary right of governing it. used. Shak.||_ Tillotson.
It would be believed that he rather took the M‘ASTERFUL, a. Having the skill of a 5. Attainment of eminent skill or power.
horse for his subject, than his master. Dryden. master ; also, imperious; arbitrary. Obs.| The learning and mastery of a tongue being
co A lord; a ruler; one who has supreme M‘ASTER-HAND, n. The hand of a man unpleasant in itself, should not be cumbered
dominion. with other difficulties. Locke.
eminently skillful. Pope.|
Cesar, the world’s great master and his own. M‘ASTER-JEST, n. Principal jest. M‘ASTFUL, a. [from mast.] Abounding with
Pope. Hudibras. mast, or fruit of oak, beech and other for-
or. Achief; a principal; as the master root M‘ASTER-KEY, n. The key that opens est trees ; as the mastful chesnut. Dryden.
of a plant. Mortimer. many locks, the subordinate keys of which MAS’TIEé€, [Fr. mastic ; It. mastice ;D.
One master passion swallows up the rest. open only one each. Dryden. MAS’TI€H, ™ mastik ; Sp. almaciga; Port.
Pope. M‘ASTERLESS, a. Destitute of a master almecega ; Ir. maisteog ; L. mastiche ; Gr.
= One who has possession, and the power or owner. Spenser. Masexn. |
of controlling or using at pleasure. 2. Ungoverned ; unsubdued. . A resin exsuding from the mastic-tree, a
When I have made myself master of a hun- M‘ASTER-LODE, x. In mining, the prin- species of Pistacia, and obtained by incis-
dred thousand drachmas— Addison. cipal vein of ore. Encye. ion. It is in white farinaceous tears, of a
7. The commander ofamerchant ship. M‘ASTERLY, a. Formed or executed with faint smell, and is used as an astringent
o~ . In ships of war, an officer who takes rank superior skill; suitable to a master; most and an aromatic. It is used also as an in-
immediately after the lieutenants, and excellent; skillful; as a masterly design; a gredient in drying varnishes.
navigates the ship under the direction o masterly performance ; a masterly stroke of, Fourcroy. Encyc.
the captain. policy. 2. A kind of mortar or cement. Addison.
. The director of a school; a teacher; an 2. Imperious. MAS’TICATE, v. t. [L. mastico. Qu. W.
instructor. In this sense the word is giv- M‘ASTERLY, adv. With the skill of a mas- mesigaw, from mes, mast, acorns, food.]
ing place to the more appropriate words ter. To chew; to grind with the teeth and pre-
teacher, instructor and preceptor; at! Thou dost speak masterly. Shak. pare for swallowing and digestion; as, to
least it isso in the United States. “Tthink it very masterly written,” in || masticate food.
10. One uncontrolled. Swift, is improper or unusual. MAS’TICATED, pp. Chewed.
Let every man be master of histime. Shak. M‘ASTER-PIECE, n. A capital perform- MAS’TICATING, ppr. Chewing; breaking
. An appellation of respect. ance; any thing done or made with su- | into small pieces with the teeth.
Master doctor, you have brought those drugs. perior or extraordinary skill. |MASTICA’TION, n. The act or operation
Shak. This wondrous master-piece I fain would see. || of chewing solid food, breaking it into
12. An appellation given to young men. Dryden. small pieces, and mixing it with saliva;
Where there are little masters and misses in 2. Chief excellence or talent.
a house— Swift. thus preparing it for deglutition, and more
Dissimulation was his master-piece. easy digestion in the stomach.
13. A man eminently or perfectly skilled in Clarendon. Mastication is a necessary preparation ofsolid.
any occupation, art or science. We say, M‘ASTERSHIP, mv. Dominion; rule; su- aliment, without which there can be no good
aman is master of his business; a great) preme power. digestion. Arbuthnot.
 MAT MAT MAT
MAS’TICATORY, a. Chewing ; adapted to ed at one end, retains fire and burns slow- MATCH’LESSNESS, n. The state or qual-
perform the office of chewing food. ly tillconsumed. It is used in firing artil- ity of being without an equal.
Lawrence’s Lect. lery, &c. Encyc. MATCH’LOCK, nx. Formerly, the lock of a
MAS’TICATORY, n. A substance to be MATCH, n. (Sax. maca and gemaca, an musket which was fired by a match.
chewed to increase the saliva. Coxe. equal, fellow, companion, D. makker, Dan. MATCH’MAKER, x». One who makes
MASTIEFF, n. plu. mastifs. Mastives is ir- maga, Sw. make.] matches for burning.
regular. [Sp. mastin ; It. mastino ; Fr. 1. A person who is equal to another in
2. One who contrives or effects a union by
matin ; Arm. mastin ; Low L. mastivus.] strength or other quality ; one able to cope marriage.
A large species of dog, remarkable for with another.
Government—makes an innocent man of the MATE, n. [D. maat; Ar. ae matau, to
strength and courage. Strabo informs us lowest ranks a match for the mightiest of his
that the mastiffs of Britain were trained fellow subjects. Addison. associate. Class Md. No. 11.]
for war, and used by the Gauls in battle. 1. A companion; an associate ; one who
Encyc. 2. One that suits or tallies with another; or customarily associates with another.
M‘ASTLESS, a. Having 80 mast ; as aves- any thing that equals another. Young persons nearly of an age, and
3. Union by marriage. frequently associating, are called mates or
sel. Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined
2. Bearing no mast; as a mastless oak or, playmates.
by other matches than those of its own making.
beech. Dryden. Boyle. 2. A husband or wife. :
MASTLIN. [See Meslin.] In popular language,it is applied to the 3. The male or female of animals which as-
MAS’TODON, n. [Gr. wasos, mamilla, and engagement of lovers before marriage. sociate for propagation and the care of
odovs, a tooth.] 4. One to be married. their young. Milton.
A genus of mammiferous animals resem- She inherited a fair fortune of her own—and 4, One that eats at the same table.
bling the elephant, now extinct, and known was looked upon as the richest match in the 5. One that attends the same school; a
only by their fossil remains. It includes west. Clarendon. school-mate.
the N. American mammoth. MATCH, n. [Gr. uayxy, a battle, a fight; but 6. An officer in a merchant ship or ship of
MAS'TOID, a. [Gr. pasros, the nipple or probably of the same family as the prece- war, whose duty is to assist the master or
breast, and ecéos, form.] ding.] commander. In a merchant ship, the
Resembling the nipple or breast ; as the mas- A contest ; competition for victory ;or a un- mate, in the absence of the master, takes
toid muscle ; the mastoid process. ion ofparties for contest ;as in games or command of the ship. Large ships have
MASTRESS, for mistress, is not used. sports. a first, second, and third mate.
Chaucer. A solemn match was made ; he lost the prize. In general, mate, incompound words, denotes
M‘ASTY, a. Full of mast; abounding with Dryden. an assistant, and ranks next in subordina-
acorns, &c. MATCH, v. t. To equal. tion to the principal; as master’s mate ;
No settled senses of the world can match surgeon’s mate, &c.
MAT, n. [W. mat ; Sax. meatia; D. mat; G. The pleasure of that madness. Shak.
matte; L. matia; Sp. mata; Ir. matta ;
2. To show an equal. MATE, n. [Sp. Port. mate ; Fr. mat; from
Russ. mat; W. math, that is spread. The No history or antiquity can match his policies Sp. matar, to kill.]
sense is probably a lay or spread, from and his conduct. South. In chess, the state of the king so situated
falling, throwing, or stretching. Class Md. 3. To oppose as equal; to set against as that he cannot escape.
No. 6. 8. 9.] equal in contest. MATE, v. t. To match; to marry.
. Atexture of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, Eternal might Spenser. Shak.
straw, or other material, to be laid on aj To match with their inventions they pre- 2. To equal; to be equal to.
floor for cleaning the boots and shoes of; sumed
For thus the mastful chesnut mates the skies.
those who enter a house, and for other So easy, and of his thunder made a scorn.
Dryden.
purposes. Carew. Milton.
3. To oppose; to equal.
2. A web ofrope-yarn, used in ships to se-| 4. To suit; to make equal; to proportion. —Ii’ th’ way of loyalty and truth,
cure the standing rigging from the friction! Let poets match their subject to their Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can
of the yards, &c. strength— Roscommon. be. Shak,
MAT, v. t. To cover or lay with mats. —To match patterns and colors. Swift. MATE, v. t. [Fr. mater, to mate in chess ;
Evelyn. 5. To marry ; to give in marriage. Sw. matta, to weaken, to enervate; Sp.
2. To twist together; to interweave like a A senator of Rome, while Rome survived, matar, to kill.]
mat; to entangle. Would not have match’d his daughter with a To enervate ; to subdue; to crush.
And o’er his eyebrows hung his matted hair. king. Addison. Audacity doth almost bind and mate the weak-
Dryden. 6. 'To purify vessels by burning a match in er sort of minds. [JVot used.] Bacon.
3. To press together; to lay flat; as matted) them. MA’/TELESS, a. Having no mate or com-
grass. MATCH, v. 7. To be united in marriage. panion. Peacham.
MAT’ACHIN, x. [Sp. a buffoon, a gro- Thold it a sin to match in my kindred. Materia Medica, a general name for every
tesque dance. | Shak. substance used in medicine. Encyc.
An old dance. Sidney. Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with 2. An auxiliary branch of the science of
MAT’ADORE, n. [Sp. matador, a murderer, sheep. Dryden. medicine, which treats of the nature and
and a card, from matar, to kill.] 2. To suit; to correspond; to be of equal properties of all the substances that are
One of the three principal cards in the game size, figure or quality; to tally. We say employed for the cure of diseases.
of omber and quadrille, which are always ofa piece of cloth, it does not match with Ed. Encyce.
two black aces and the deuce in spades another. MATE’RIAL, a. [It. materiale; Fr. mate-
and clubs, and the seven in hearts and di- MATCH’ABLE, a. Equal; suitable; fit to riel; Sp. material; from L. materia, mat-
amonds. Johnson. Pope. be joined. | Spenser. ter.]
MATCH, n. [Fr. meche; It. miccia; Sp. 2. Correspondent. [Little wsed.] 1. Consisting of matter; not spiritual; as
Port. mecha ; Arm. mechenn, mech.] Woodward. material substance ; material bodies.
1. Some very combustible substance used MATCH’ED, pp. Equaled ; suited ; placed 2. Important; momentous; more or less ne-
for catching fire from a spark, as hemp, in opposition ; married. cessary ; having influence or effect.
flax, cotton, tow dipped in sulphur, or a MATCHING, ppr. Equaling ; suiting ; set- Hold them for catholics or heretics, it is not a
species of dry wood, called vulgarly touch- ting in opposition ; uniting in marriage. thing very material in this question.
wood. MATCH’LESS, a. Having no equal; as Hooker.
A rope or cord made of hempen tow, matchless impudence ; a matchless queen; In the account of simple ideas, I shall set
composed of three strands slightly twist- matchless love or charms. down only such as are most material to our
ed, and again covered with tow and boiled MATCH’LESSLY, adv. In a manner or de- present purpose. Locke.
in the lees of old wine. This when light-| gree not to be equaled. So we say, a material point; a material
 MAT MA T MAT
fault or error; a material fact or consider- treats of magnitude and number, or o MATRICULA‘TION, n. The act of regis-
ation. whatever can be measured or numbered. tering a name and admitting to member-
3. Not formal; substantial. This science is divided into pure or specu- ship. Ayliffe.
4. Furnishing materials; as material men. lative, which considers quantity abstractly, MATRIMONIAL, a. [It. matrimoniale. See
Wheaton, Rep. without relation to matter; and mized, Matrimony. |
MATERIAL, n. The substance or matter which treats of magnitude as subsisting in 1. Pertaining to marriage; connubial; nup-
of which any thing is made; as, wool is material bodies, and is consequently inter- tial; hymeneal; as matrimonial rights or
the material of cloth; rags are the materi- woven with physical considerations. It duties.
al of paper. is the peculiar excellence of mathematics, 2. Derived from marriage.
MATE/RIALISM, n. The doctrine of ma- that its principles are demonstrable. If he relied on that title, he could be but a
Arithmetic, geometry, algebra, trigonom- king at curtesy, and have rather a matrimonial,
terialists ;the opinion of those who main-
etry, and conic sections, are branches o than a regal power. Bacon.
tain that the soul of man is not a spiritual MATRIMO'NIALLY, adv. According to
substance distinct from matter, but thatmathematics.
the manner or laws of marriage. _Ayliffe.
it is the result or effect of the organization MATH’EMEG, n. A fish of the cod kind, MATRIMO'NIOUS, a. Matrimonial. [Lit-
of matter in the body. inhabiting Hudson’s bay. Pennant. tle used.| Milton.
The irregular fears of a future state had been MATH/ES, n. An herb. Ainsworth. MAT’RIMONY, n. [L. matrimonium, from
supplanted by the materialism of Epicurus. MATH/ESIS, n. [Gr. padyors.] The doc- mater, mother. }
Buckminster. trine of mathematics. Pope. Marriage; wedlock; the union of man and
MATE’RIALIST, n. One who denies the MAT‘IN, a. [Fr. matin, morning ; G. mette, woman for life; the nuptial state.
existence of spiritual substances, and matins; L. matutinus.] If any man know cause why this couple
maintains that the soul of man is the re- Pertaining to the morning ; used in the morn- should not be joined in holy matrimony, they
sult of a particular organization of matter ing ; as a matin trumpet. are to declare it. Com. Prayer.
in the body. * MATIN, n. Morning. [Not used.} Shak. MATRIX. [See Matrice.j
MATERIAL/TY, n. Material existence ; MAT'INS, n. Morning worship or service ; MAT’RON, xn. [Fr. matrone; L. matrona ;
corporeity ; not spirituality. Dighy. morning prayers or songs. from mater, mother. ] i
9owImportance ; as the materiality of facts. The vigils are celebrated before them, and the An elderly married woman, or an elderly la-
Judge Chase. nocturn and matins, for the saints whose the dy. Johnson. _Encyc.
MATE’/RIALIZE, v. t. To reduce to a state relics are. Stillingfleet. MAT’RONAL, a. [L. matronalis.] Pertain-
The winged choristers began ing to a matron ; suitable to an elderly la-
of matter; also, to regard as matter. To chirp their matins. Cleaveland.
Reid. dy or to a married woman; grave ; moth-
2. Time of morning service ; the first canon- erly. Bacon.
MATE/RIALLY, adv. In the state of mat- ical hour in the Romish church. MAT’RONIZE, v. t. To render matronlike.
ter. Boyle. MAT’RASS, n. [Fr. matras; D. id. In Richardson.
2. Not formally ; substantially. French, the word signifies an arrow ; MAT’RONLIKE, a. Having the manners
An illintention may spoil an act materially Arm. matara, to throw a dart. This verb of an elderly woman; grave ; sedate; be-
good. South. coincides with L. mitto. It seems then to coming a matron.
3. In an important manner or degree; es- be so called from its long neck.] MAT’RONLY, a. Elderly ; advanced in
sentially. It materially concerns us to A cucurbit; a chimical vessel in the shape ears. DL’Estrange.
know the real motives of our actions. of an egg, or with a tapering neck, open at MATROSS’, nx. [D. matroos; Sw. Dan.
MATE’RIALNESS, nx. The state of being the top, serving the purposes of digestion, Russ. matros, a sailor; D. maat, a mate;
material ; importance. evaporation, &c. Nicholson. Quincy. maats, fellows, sailors; Fr. matelot. In
MATE’RIATE, [L. materiatus.| Con- MAT’RESS, x. [W. matras; D. id.; It. Arm. martelot is a colleague. The word
MATE/RIATED, , sisting of matter. [Lit- materasso ; G. matratze ; Fr. matelas ;Arm. seems to be from mate.]
tle used.| Bacon. matelacz, from mat. | Matrosses are soldiers in a train of artillery,
MATERIA’TION, n. The act of forming A quilted bed ; abed stuffed with hair, moss who are next to the gunners and assist
matter. [JVot used.] Brown. or other soft material, and quilted. them in loading, firing and spunging the
MATERN’AL, a. [L. maternus, from mater, MA’TRICE, [L. matrix, from mater, guns. They carry fire-locks, and march
mother. ] MA’TRIX,; ,” mother. with the store waggons as guards and as-
Motherly ; pertaining to a mother ; becoming 1. The womb; the cavity in which the fetus sistants. Bailey. Encye.
a mother ; as maternal love ; maternal ten- of an animal is formed and nourished till MAT’TAMORE, n. In the east, a subter-
derness. its birth. Encyce. ranean repository for wheat.
MATERNITY, n. [Fr. maternité.] The 2. A mold; the cavity in which any thing is Parkhurst. Shaw.
character or relation of a mother. formed, and which gives it shape; as the MAT’TER, n. [L. Sp. It. materia ; Fr. ma-
MAT’FELON, n. [Sp. Port. matar, D. mat- matrix of a type. tiere; Ari. matery ; W. mater, what is pro-
sen. to kill, and felon.] 3. The place where any thing is formed or duced, occasion, affair, matter ; madrez,
A plant of the genus Centaurea, knap-weed. produced ; as the matrix of metals; gang. pus, matter; madru, to putrefy or dissolve.
MATH, n. [Sax. meth.] A mowing; as in 4. In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, Owen deduces mater from mad, what pro-
aftermath. white, blue, red and yellow, of which all ceeds or advances, a good; madu, to cause
MATHEMAT'IE€, [L. mathematicus.] the rest are composed. Encye. to proceed, to render productive ; madd,
MA UMATHOAL Pertaining to MAT’RICIDAL, a, Pertaining to matri- good, beneficial, that is, advancing, pro-
mathematics; as mathematical knowledge ; cide. gressive. Here we have aclear idea of the
mathematical instruments. radical sense of good, which is proceeding,
2. According to the principles of mathemat- MAT’RICIDE, n. [L. matricidium ; mater,
advancing. A good is that which advan-
mother, and cedo, to slay.|
ics ; as mathematical exactness. ces or promotes; and hence we see the
MATHEMAT’ICGALLY, adv. According to 1. The killing or murder of a mother. connection between this word mdd, and
the laws or principles of mathematical sci- Brown.
matter, pus, both from progressiveness.
ence. 2. The killer or murderer of his mother.
2. With mathematical certainty ; demon- MATRI€'ULATE, v. t. [L. matricula, a roll The original verb is in the Ar. X14» mad-
strably. Bentley. or register, from matriz. }
MATHEMATICIAN, n. (Fr. mathemati- To enter or admit to membership in a body da, to extend, to reach or stretch, to be tall,
cien.|_ One versed in mathematics. or society, particularly in a college or uni- to thrust out, to excrete, to produce pus,
MATHEMAT'ICS, n. [L. mathematica, from versity, by enrolling the name in a register. to yawn; derivatives, pus, sanies, matter.
Gr. wodnuarixy, from porbave, to learn ; the Wotton. This verb in Heb. and Ch. signifies to
vis probably casual, and the root belongs MATRI€/ULATE, n. One enrolled in a reg- measure, and is the same as the L. metior,
to Class Md. No. 10.] ister, and thus admitted to membership Gr. werpeo. In Syriac, it signifies to es-
The science of quantity ; the science which in a society. Arbuthnot. cape.]
 MAT MAT MAU
1. Substance excreted from living animal Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded} MATU’RE, v. t. [L. maturo.] To ripen; to
bodies; that which is thrown out or dis- in horse, but were, upon the whole matter, hasten to a perfect state ; to promote
equal in foot. Clarendon. ripeness.
charged in a tumor, boil or abscess ; pus;
purulent substance collected in an abscess, Matter of record, that which is recorded, or
which may be proved by record.
Prick an apple with a pin full of holes, not
deep, and smear it with sack, to see if the vir-
the effect of suppuration more or less per- MAT’TER, v. i. To be of importance ; to tual heat of the wine will not mature it.
fect ;as digested matter ;sanious matter. import; used with it, this, that, or what. ; Bacon.
2, Body; substance extended ;that which is This matters not; that matters not; chiefly 2. To advance towards perfection.
visible or tangible ; as earth, wood, stone, Love indulged my labors past,
used in negative phrases ; as, what matters
air, vapor, water. ‘ ; it? Matures my present, and shall bound my last.
3. Ina more general and philosophic sense, It matters not how they are called, so we Pope.
the substance of which all bodies are com- know who they are. Locke. MATURE, v. 7. To advance toward ripe-
posed; the substratum of sensible quali- 2. To maturate ; to form pus ; to collect, as ness; to become ripe or perfect. Wine
ties, though the parts composing the sub- matter in an abscess. matures by age, or by agitation in a long
stratum may not be visible or tangible. Each slight sore mattereth. [Little used.] voyage. The judgment matures by age
Encye. Sidney. and experience.
Matter is usually divided by philosophi- We now use maturate.] MATURED, pp. Ripened; advanced to
cal writers into four kinds or classes; so- MAT’TER, v.t. To regard. [.Vot used.] perfection ; prepared.
lid, liquid, aeriform, and imponderable. MAT’TERLESS, a. Void of matter. MATU’RELY, adv. With ripeness; com-
Solid substances are those whose parts B. Jonson. pletely.
firmly cohere and resist impression, as MAT'TERY, a. Purulent ; generating pus ; 2. With full deliberation. A prince enter-
wood or stone ; liquids have free motion as a mattery cough. Harvey. ing on war, ought maturely to consider
among their parts, and easily yield to im- MAT’TOCK, zn. [Sax. mattuc ;W. matog.] the state of his finances.
pression, as water and wine. Aeriform A tool to grub up weeds or roots ; a grub- 3. Early; soon. [4 Latinism, little used.|
substances are elastic fluids, called vapors bing hoe. Bailey. Bentley.
and gases, as air and oxygen gas. The MATTRESS. [See Matress, amore correct MATURING, ppr. Ripening ; being in or
imponderable substances are destitute of orthography. ] coming toa complete state.
weight, as light, caloric, electricity, and MAT’URANT, x. [L. maturo, from maturus, MATURITY, Ripeness; a state of
magnetism. mature, ripe.] MATU’RENESS, ;™ perfection or com-
4, Subject; thing treated ; that about which In pharmacy, a medicine or application to a pleteness ; as the maturity of age or of
we write or speak; that which employs tumor, which promotes suppuration. judgment ; the maturity of corn or ofgrass;
thought or excites emotion; as;‘this is mat- Encyc. the maturity of a plan or scheme.
ler of praise, of gratitude, or of astonish- MAT’URATE, v. t. [L. maturo, to hasten, MAT'UTINAL, {L. matutinus.] Pertain-
ment. from maturus, ripe. | MAT’UTINE, ;® Ing to the morning.
Son of God, Savior of men, thy name
To ripen; to hasten or promote suppura- Herbert.
Shall be the copious matter of my song. MAT’WEED, n. A plant of the genus Ly-
Milton. tion.
MAT’URATE, v.i. To become ripe; to geum.
5. The very thing supposed or intended. MAUD'LIN, a. [corrupted from Magdelen,
He grants the deluge to have come so very suppurate, as a tumor, and form pus.
near the matter, that few escaped. Tillotson. MATURA’TION, n. The process of ripen-
who is drawn by painters with eyes swell-
ing or coming to maturity ; ripeness. ed and red with weeping. ]
6. Affair ; business ; event ; thing ; course
of things. Matters have succeeded well Bacon. Drunk; fuddled ; approaching to intoxica-
tion ; stupid.
thus far; observe how matters stand; thus 2. The process of suppurating ;suppuration ; And the kind maudlin crowd melts in her
the matter rests at present; thus the mat- the forming of pus in tumors. Quincy.
praise. Southern.
ter ended. MAT'URATIVE, a. Ripening ; conducing
To help the matter, the alchimists call in ma- to ripeness. MAUD'LIN, n. A plant of the genus Achil-
ny vanities from astrology. Bacon. 2 Conducing to suppuration, or the forma- lea.
Some young female seems to have carried tion of matter in a tumor or abscess. MAU’GER, adv. [Fr. malgré, ill will; mal
matters so far, that she is ripe for asking ad- MATURE, a. [(L. maturus; Dan. moed, and gré.]
~
vice. Spectator. moeden. In W. méd, is complete, perfect,| In spite of; in opposition to; notwithstand-
d . Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, mature ; and medi signifies to reap, L. meto.| ing ; used only in burlesque.
of a disease, or of a difficulty. Whena So ripe, in English, seems tobe connect- This, mauger all the world, will I keep safe.
moving machine stops suddenly, we ask, ed with reap. In Ch. yup signifies to! Shak.
what is the matter? When a person isill,) come to, to reach, to be mature. See} MAUKIN. [See Malkin.]
we ask, what is the matter 2. When a tu-| Meet.| MAUL, n. [L. malleus. See Mall.) A heavy
mult or quarrel takes place, we ask, what LE Ripe; perfected by time or natural wooden hammer; written also mall.
is the matter 2 growth; as a man of mature age. We MAUL, v. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy
8. Subject of complaint; suit; demand. apply it to a young man who has arrived) stick or cudgel; to wound in a coarse
If the matter should be tried by duel between to the age when he is supposed to be com- manner.
two champions— Bacon. Meek modern faith to murder, hack and
Every great matter they shall bring to thee, petent to manage his own concerns; to a
young woman who is fit to be married ; maul. Pope.
but every small matter they shall judge— Ex.|
and to elderly men who have much expe- MAUNCH, n. [Fr. manche.] A loose sleeve.
XvVul.
rience. [Vot used.] Herbert.
9. Import ; consequence ; importance ; mo- MAUND, n. [Sax. and D. mand.] A hand-
ment. Their prince is a man of learning and virtue,
mature in years— Addison. basket; a word used in Scotland.
A prophet some, and some a poet cry,
Mature the virgin was, of Egypt’s race. MAUND, nea ate To mutter; to mur-
No matter which, so neither of them lie.
Dryden. Prior. eect a “mur ; to grumble;
10. Space of time; a portion ofdistance. How shall I meet or how accost the sage, to beg. Se
Unskilled in speech, nor yet mature of age. MAUND’ER, n. Abeggar. Obs.
I have thoughts to tarry a small matter. Pope. MAUND’ERER, vz. A grumbler.
Congreve. Obs.
Away he goes, a matter of seven miles— 2. Brought to perfection; used of plants. MAUND/ERING, n. Complaint. Obs.
DL’Estrange. The wheat is mature. MAUNDY-THURSDAY, n. [supposed to be
[In these last senses, the use of matter 3. Completed ; prepared ; ready. The plan from Sax. mand, a basket ; because on that
is now vulgar.] or scheme was mature. day, princes used to give alms to the poor
Upon the matter, considering the whole; ta- This lies glowing, and is mature for the vio- from their baskets ; or from dies mandati,
king all things into view. This phrase is lent breaking out. Shak. the day of command, on which day our
now obsolete ; but in lieu of it, we some- 4. Ripe; come to suppuration ; as, the tu- Savior gave his great mandate, that we
times use, upon the whole matter. mor is mature. should love one another. Lye. Johnson.]
 MAY MAY ME
‘The Thursday in passion week, or next be- MAY, v. i. To gather flowers in May-morn- farm ; maeron, a male-keeper or dairy-
fore Good Friday. ing. Sidney. farmer ; maeres, a female who looks after,
MAUSOLE’AN, a. Pertaining to a mauso- MAY, verb aux.; pret. might. [Sax. magan, to a dairy-woman ; maeront, the office of a
leum; monumental. Burton. be strong or able, to avail; D. mezjen or keeper, superintendency, mayoralty ;Arm.
MAUSOLE’UM, n. [L.; Fr. mausolée; from moogen; G. mégen; Russ. mogu. The miret, to keep, stop, hold, coinciding with
Mausolus, king of Caria, to whom Artemis- old pret. mought is obsolete, but not whol- Fr. mirer, L. miror, the primary sense of
ia, his widow, erected a stately monu- ly extinct among our commion people. which is precisely the same as in the Ar-
ment. | The sense is to strain or press.} moric. See Admirable and Miracle. A
A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral 1. To be possible. We say, a thing may be, mayor, then, was originally an overseer,
monument. or may not be; an event may happen; a and among country gentlemen, a steward,
MAU’THER, n. A foolish young girl. [ot thing may be done, if means are not want- a kind of domestic bailiff; rendered in the
used. ] B. Jonson. ing. writings of the middle ages, villicus. See
MA’VIS, n. [Fr. mauvis.] A bird, a species 2. To have physical power ; to be able. Spelman ad voc. The derivation of the
of Turdus. Make the most of life you may. Bourne. word from L. major, is undoubtedly an
MAW, n. [Sax. maga; Sw. mage ; D. maag ; 3. To have moral power; to have liberty, error.}
G. magen.]} leave, license or permission; to be per- The chief magistrate of a city, who, in Lon-
1. The stomach of brutes; applied to the mitted; to be allowed. A man may do don and York, is called lord mayor. The
stomach of human beings in contempt on- what the laws permit. He may do what mayor of a city, in America, is the chief
ly. is not against decency, propriety or good judge of the city court, and is assisted, in
2. The craw of fowls. Arbuthnot. manners. We may not violate the laws, some cases at least, by two or more alder-
MAWK, n. A maggot; aslattern. [JVot in or the rules of good breeding. I told the men. To the lord mayor of London be-
use.| servant he might be absent. long several courts of judicature, as the
MAWK/INGLY, adv. Slatternly; sluttish- Thou mayest be no longer steward. Luke hustings, court of requests, and court of
ly. Bp. Taylor. XVi. common council.
MAWK‘ISH, a. Apt to cause satiety or . Itis used in prayer and petitions to ex- MA‘YORALTY, n. The office of a mayor.
lothing. : press desire. O may we never experi-
ence the evils we dread. So also in ex- Bacon.
So sweetly mawkish, and so smoothly dull. MA/YORESS, n. The wife of amayor.
Pope. pressions of good will. May you live hap- MAZ’‘AGAN, n. A variety of the common
MAWK/ISHNESS, n. Aptness to cause pily, and be a blessing to your country. bean, [vicia faba.]
lothing. It was formerly used for can, and its rad- MAZ’ARD, n. [probably from the root of
MAWKE’Y, a. Maggoty. [Local.] Grose. ical sense is the same. marsh ; Fr. machoire.]
MAW'’MET, n. [from Mahomet.] A puppet ; May be, it may be, are expressions equivalent 1. The jaw. [Not used.]
anciently, an idol. Obs. Wickliffe. to perhaps, by chance, peradventure, that is, Shak. Hudibras.
MAW’METRY, n. The religion of Moham- it is possible to be. 2. A kind ofcherry.
med; also, idolatry. Obs. Chaucer. MA’‘Y-APPLE, n. A plant of the genus MAZ‘ARD, v. t. To knock on the head.
MAW’MISH, a. [from maw, or mawmet.] Podophyllum. ; {Mot in use.] B. Jonson.
Foolish; silly ; idle ; nauseous. MA‘Y-BLOOM, n. The hawthorn. MAZARINE, n. A deep blue color. —
LD’Estrange. MA/Y-BUG, x. A chaffer. Ainsworth. 2. A particular way of dressing fowls.
MAW’WORM, n. A worm that infests the MA/Y-BUSH, x. A plant of the genus Cra- 2. A little dish setin a larger one. | Ash.
stomach. Harvey. teegus. MAZE, n. [Sax. mase, a whirlpool; Arm.
MAX‘ILLAR, [L. mavillaris, from MA/Y-DAY, x. The first day of May. mez, confusion or shame. The origin and
MAX/ILLARY, §“ mazilla, the jaw-bone ; MA’Y-DEW, n. The dew of May, which is affinities of this word are not ascertained. ]
probably from the root of mash. | said to whiten linen, and to afford by re- 1. A winding and turning ; perplexed state of
Pertaining to the jaw; as the mavillary peated distillations, a red and odoriferous things; intricacy ; a state that embarrass-
bones or glands. spirit. It has been supposed that from es.
MAX’IM, n. [Fr. mazime, It. massima, L. the preparation of this dew, the Rosicru- The ways of heaven are dark and intricate,
maximum, literally the greatest.] cians took their name. Encye. Puzzled with mazes, and perplexed with er-
1. An established principle or proposition ;a MA’Y-DUKE, n. A variety of the common ror. Addison.
principle generally received or admitted as cherry. 2. Confusion of thought; perplexity ;uncer-
true. It is nearly the same in popular MA’Y-FLOWER, 2. A plant; a flower that tainty.
usage, as axiom in philosophy and mathe- appears in May. Bacon. 3. A labyrinth.
matics. MA/Y-FLY, n. An insect or fly that appears MAZE, v. t. To bewilder ; to confound with
It is a maxim of state, that countries newly
in May. ; FWalton. intricacy ; to amaze. Spenser.
acquired and not settled, are matters of burden, MA’Y-GAME, n. Sport or diversion; play, MAZE, v. i. To be bewildered. Obs.
rather than of strength. Bacon. such as is used on the first of May. Chaucer.
It is their maxim, love is love’s reward. Dryden. MA’ZEDNESS, n. Confusion; astonish-
Dryden. MA/YING, n. The gathering of flowers on ment. Obs. Chaucer.
2. In music, the longest note formerly used, May-day. MA’ZER, n. A maple cup. Obs. Spenser.
equal to two longs, or four breves. MA/‘Y-LADY, x. The queen or lady of May, MAZOLOG'‘I€AL, a. Pertaining to mazol-
Busby. in old May-games. Dryden. ogy.
MAX/IM-MONGER, n. One who deals MA/Y-LILY, z. The lily ofthe valley, of the MAZOL/OGIST, n. One versed in mazol-
much in maxims, Chesterfield. genus Convallaria. ogy.
MAX/IMUM, n. [L.] In mathematics, the MA’Y-MORN, n. Freshness ; vigor. MAZOL/OGY, n. [Gr. woga, a breast, and
greatest number or quantity attainable in Shak. novos, discourse. |
any given case; opposed to minimum. MA/Y-POLE, n. A poie to dance round in The doctrine or history of mammiferous
MAY, n. [L. Maius ;Fr. Mai; It. Maggio ; May ; a long pole erected. animals.
Sp. Mayo.] MA/Y-WEED, n. A plant of the genus An- MA’ZY, a. Winding ; perplexed with turns
1. The fifth month of the year, beginning themis. and windings; intricate ;as mazy error.
with January, but the third, beginning with MAYHEM. [See Maim.] Milton.
March, as was the ancient practice of the MA/YOR, n. [Fr. maire ; Norm. maeur, To run the ring and trace the mazy round.
Romans. matr, meyre ; Arm. mear ;W. maer, one Dryden.
2. [Goth. mawi. See Maid.] A young wo- stationed, one that looks after or tends, M. D. Medicine Doctor, doctor of medicine.
man. Obs. one that keeps or guards, a provost, a ME, pron. pers.; the objective case of J, an-
3. The early part of life. mayor, a bailiff; maer y biswal, a land swering to the oblique cases of ego, in Lat-
His May of youth and bloom of lustihood. steward, the keeper of a cow-lare; maer- in. [Sax. me ; Goth. mik; G. mich; Fr. mot;
Shak. drev, a dairy hamlet ; maerdy, a dairy- L. mihi; Sp.mi; It. mi or me ; Arm. me;
 MEA MEA MEA
Port. mim; D. my; Galic, mo ; Hindoo, 1. Thin; lean; destitute of flesh or having}! uuth in plain language ; inclined to speak
mejko; Sans.me. The Hindoos use me in little flesh ; applied to animals. of any thing in softer terms than the truth
the nominative, as in Celtic and French, Meager were his looks, will warrant. L Estrange.
mi, mot.] ‘ Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. MEALY-MOUTH’EDNESS, n. Inclination
Shak. to express the truth in soft words, or to
Follow jme ; give to me; go with me. The
phrase “I followed me close,” is not in 2. Poor ; barren; destitute of richness, fer- disguise the plain fact ; reluctance to tell
use.’ Before think, as in methinks, me is tility, or any thing valuable ; as a meager the plain truth.
properly in the dative case, and the verb
soil ;meager limestone. MEAN, a. [Sax. mene, gemene; the latter
is impersonal; the construction is, it ap- Journ. of Science. word signifies common, L. communis.
pears to me.
3. Barren; poor; wanting strength of dic- Mean coincides in elements with Sax.
ME/A€OCK, n. [Qu. meek and cock.] An tion, or richness of ideas or imagery; as a meneg, many, and the primary sense may
uxorious, effeminate man. [JVot used.] meager style or composition ; meager an- be a crowd, like vulgar, from L. vulgus. If
Johnson. nals. the primary sense is small, it coincides
ME/A€OCK, a. Lame; timorous: coward- ME’/AGER, v.t. To make lean. with Ir. mion, W. mdn or main, Fr. me-
ly. [Not used.] Shak. nu, It. meno, L. minor and minuo, to di-
ME’/AGERLY, adv. Poorly ; thinly. minisb; but I think the word belongs to
MEAD, n. [Sax. medo, medu, mead or wine ; ME/AGERNESS, n. Leanness ; want o
D. meede ; G. meth; Dan. miéd ; W. mez; the root of common. See Class Mn. No.
flesh. 2 and 5.]
Ir. miodh or meadh ; Arm. mez. In Gr. 2. Poorness ; barrenness ; want of fertility
#edv is wine, as is madja in Sanscrit, and 1. Wanting dignity ; low in rank or birth;
or richness. asa man of mean parentage, mean birth
medo in Zend. In Russ. med or meda is 3. Scantiness ; barrenness; as the meager-
honey. If the word signifies primarily or origin.
ness of service. Bacon. 2. Wanting dignity of mind; low minded;
liquor in general, it may be allied to Gr. MEAK, n. A hook with a long handle.
prdae, L. madeo, to be wet. But it may base ; destitute of honor ; spiritless.
Tusser. Can you imagine I so mean could prove,
have had its name from honey.| MEAL, n. [Sax. mel, a part or portion; D. To save my life by changing of my love?
A fermented liquor consisting of honey and maal; G. mahl; probably from breaking. Dryden.
water, sometimes enriched with spices. See the next word. | 3. Contemptible ;despicable.
Encyc. 1. A portion of food taken at one time ; a The Roman legions and great Cesar found
MEAD, meed, [Sax. made, me- repast. It is customary in the U. States Our fathers no mean foes. Philips.
MEADOW, n med’o. dewe ; G. matte, to eat three meals ina day. The principal 4. Of little value; low in worth or estima-
a mat, and a meadow; Ir. madh. The meal of our ancestors was dinner, at noon. tion ; worthy of little or no regard.
sense is extended or flat depressed land. 2. Apart; a fragment; in the word piece- We fast, not to please men, nor to promote
It is supposed that this word enters into any mean worldly interest. Smalridge.
meal.
the name Mediolanum, now Milan, in MEAL, n. [Sax. mealewe, melewe ; G. mehl ; 5. Of little value ; humble; poor; as a
Italy ; that is, mead-land.} mean abode ; a mean dress.
Sw. midl; Dan. D. meel; G. mehlicht,
A tract of low land. In America, the word mealy, mellow; W. mdl, bruised, ground,
MEAN, a. [Fr. moyen ; Sp. Port. mediano ;
is applied particularly to the low ground L. medium, medius; Ir. meadhan. See
smooth. 'This word seems to be allied to
on the banks of rivers, consisting of a Middle.)
mill, L. mola, and to L, mollis, Eng. mellow.
rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether The radical sense is probably to break,
1. Middle; at an equal distance from the ex-
grass land, pasture, tillage or wood land ; tremes ; as the mean distance; the mean
comminute, or grind to fine particles, and
as the meadows on the banks of the Con- proportion between quantities ; the mean
hence the sense of softness; or the sense
necticut. The word with us does not ne- ratio.
of softness may be from yielding or smooth- According to the fittest style of lofty, mean,
cessarily imply wet land. This species of ness, and the verb may be from the noun.] or lowly. Milton.
land is called, in the western states, bot- The substance of edible grain ground to 2. Intervening ; intermediate ; coming be-
toms, or bottom land. 'The word is also fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. tween ; as in the mean time or while.
used for other low or flat lands, particu- Meal primarily includes the bran as well MEAN, n. The middle point or place ; the
larly lands appropriated to the culture of as the flour. Since bolting has been gen- middle rate or degree ;mediocrity ; me-
grass. erally practiced, the word meal is not gen- dium. Observe the golden mean.
The word is said to be applied in Great }) erally applied to the finer part, or flour, at There is a mean in all things. Dryden
Britain to land somewhat watery, but least in the United States, though I believe But no authority of gods or men
covered with grass. Johnson. it is sometimes so used. In New Eng- Allow of any mean in poesy. Roscommon.
Meadow means pasture or grass land, land, meal is now usually applied to ground 2. Intervening time; interval of time; inte-
annually mown for hay; but more partic- maiz, whether bolted or unbolted, called rim; meantime.
ularly, land too moist for cattle to graze Indian meal, or corn-meal. The words And in the mean, vouchsafe her honorable
on in winter, without spoiling the sward. wheat-meal and rye-meal are rarely used, tomb. Spenser.
Encyc. Cye. though not wholly extinet; and meal oc- Here is an omission of fime or while.
[.Mead is used chiefly in poetry. } cursalso in oatmeal. 3. Measure ; regulation. [JVot in use.]
MEAD/OW-ORE, x. In mineralogy, con- 2. Flour; the finer part of pulverized grain. Spenser.
choidal bog iren ore. Ure. [This sense is now uncommon. | 4. Instrument; that which is used to effect
MEAD‘OW-RUE, n. A plant of the genus MEAL, v. t. To sprinkle with meal, an object ; the medium through which
Thalictrum. “| orto mix meal with. [Zaitlle used.] something is done.
MEAD/OW-SAFFRON, n. A plant of the ME’ALINESS, ». The quality of being The virtuous conversation of christians was a
genus Colchicum. mean to work the conversion of the heathen ta
mealy ; softness or smoothness to the Christ. Hooker.
MEAD/‘OW-SAXIFRAGE, x. A plant of touch. In this sense, means, in the plural, is
the genus Peucedanum. MEA/L-MAN, ». A man that deals in meal. generally used, and often with a definitive
MEAD/OW-SWEET, n.
A plant of the ME‘AL-TIME, x. The usual time ofeating and verb in the singular.
genus Spirea. meals. By this means he had them more at vantage.
MEAD/OW-WORT, n. A plant. Drayton. ME’ALY, a. Having the qualities of meal; Bacon.
MEAD/OWY, a. Containing meadow. soft ; smooth to the feel. A good character, when established, should
J. Barlow. 2. Like meal ; farinaceous ; soft, dry and not be rested om as an end, but employed as a
ME’/AGER, a. [Fr._ maigre; Sp. It. ma-|! friable ; asa mealy potatoe ; a mealyapple. means of doing good. Atterbury.
gro; L. macer; D.G. Dan. Sw. ma-|3. Overspread with something that resem- 5. Means, in the plural, meome, revenue, re-
ger; Gr. etxxos, mexpos, small; allied to bles meal ; as the mealy wings of an in- sources, substance or estate, considered
Eng. meek; Ch. JND, to be thin, to be de- sect. Thomsen. as the instrument ofeffecting any purpose.
pressed, to subdue; Heb. Jy id. Class Mg. ME/ALY-MOUTHED, a. Literally, having He would have built a house, but he want-
No. 2. 9. and 10. 13.] a soft mouth; henee, unwilling to tell the! ed means.
 MEA MEA MEA
Your means are slender. Shak. \4. 'The sense of words or expressions ; that D. maat; Sw. matt; Dan. maade, meas-
6. Instrument of action or performance. which is to be understood ; signification; ure, and mode; L. mensura, from mensus,
By all means, without fail. Go, by all that which the writer or speaker intends with a casual n, the participle of metior, to
means. to express or communicate. Words have measure, Eng. to mete; Gr. werpor, perpza.
By no means, not at all; certainly not; not a literal meaning, or a metaphorical mean- With these correspond the Eng. meet, fit,
in any degree. ing, and it is not always easy to ascertain proper, and meet, the verb; Sax. gemet,
The wine on this side of the lake is by no the real meaning. meet, fit; metan and gemettan, to meet or
means so good as that on the other. Addison. 5. Sense ; power of thinking. [ Little used.] meet with, to find, to mete or measure,
By no manner of means, by no means; not ME’/ANLY, adv. [See Mean.] oderately; and to paint. The sense is to come to, to
the least. Burke. not in a great degree. fall, to happen, and this sense is connected
In the reign of Domitian, poetry was meanly with that of stretching, extending, that is,
By any means, possibly ; at all. cultivated. [JVot used.} Dryden.
If by any means I might attain to the resur- reaching to; the latter gives the sense of
rection of the dead. Phil. iii. 2. Without dignity or rank ; ina low condi- measure. We find in Heb. 4 measure;
Meantime, in the intervening time. [In tion ; as meanly born. 77119, to mete, to measure. This word in Ar.
Meanwhile, § this use of these words there 3. Poorly ; as meanly dressed.
is an omission of in or in the ; inthe mean- 4. Without greatness or elevation of mind ; A. madda, signifies to stretch or extend,
without honor; with a low mind or nar-
time.]
row views. He meanly declines to fulfill to draw out in length or time; as do other
MEAN, v. t. pret. and pp. meant ; pronounc- his promise. verbs with the same elements, under one
ed ment. [Sax. menan, menan, to mean, Would you meanly thus rely of which we find the meta of the Latins.
tointend, also to relate, to recite or tell, On power, you know, 1 must obey? = Prior. The Ch. as sixnifics to come to, to ar-
also to moan, to lament ; G. meinen ; D. 5. Without respect ; disrespectfully. We rive, to reach, to be mature, and » in
meenen; Sw. mena ; Dan. meener, mener;
Russ. mnyu, to think or believe ; Lr. smu-
cannot bear to hear others speak meanly Heb. Ch. and Eth. signifies to find, to
of our kindred. come to. Now the Saxon verb unites in
ainim. It coincides in origin with L. ME/ANNESS, n. Want of dignity or rank ; itself the significations of all three of the
mens, Eng. mind. ‘The primary sense is low state ; as meanness of birth or condi- oriental verbs.]
to set or to thrust forward, to reach, tion. Poverty is not always meanness ; it 1. The whole extent or dimensions of a
stretch or extend. So in L, intendo, to may be connected with it, but men of dig- thing, including length, breadth and thick-
stretch onward or towards, and propono, to nified minds and manners are often poor. ness.
propose, to set or put forward.) 2. Want of excellence of any kind; poor- The measure thereof is longer than the earth
— . To haye in the mind, view or contempla- ness ; rudeness. and broader than the sea. Job xi.
tion ; to intend. This figure is of a later date, by the mean- It is applied also to length or to breadth
What mean you by this service? Ex. xii. ness of the workmanship. Addison. separately.
rw). To intend; to purpose ; to design, with, 3. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and 2. That by which extent or dimension is as-
reference to a future act. certained, either length, breadth, thick-
Ye thought evilagainst me, but God meant it elevation; want of honor. Meanness in
men incurs contempt. All dishonesty is ness, capacity, or amount; as,a rod or
for good. Gen.1. pole is a measure of five yards and a half;
To signify ; to indicate. meanness.
What mean these seven ewe lambs? Gen. 4. Sordidness; niggardliness; opposed to an inch, a foot, a yard, are measures of
XxXi. liberality or charitableness. Meanness is length; a gallon is a measure of capacity.
What meaneth the noise of this great shout very different from frugality. Weights and measures should be uniform.
in the camp of theHebrews ? 1 Sam. iv. 5. Want of richness; poorness ; as the Silver and gold are the common measure
Go ye, and learn what that meaneth— Matt. meanness of dress or equipage. of value.
ix. MEANT, pret. and pp. of mean. 3. A limited or definite quantity ;as a meas-
MEAN, v. i. To have thought or ideas ; or MEAR. [See Mere.] ure of wine or beer.
to have meaning. Pope. ME/ASE, n. [from the root of measure.] 4. Determined extent or length; limit.
MEAN’DER, n. [the name of a winding The quantity of 500; asa mease of her- Lord, make me to know my end, and the
riverin Phrygia.] rings. [JVot used in America.] measure of my days. Ps. xxxix.
1. A winding course ; a winding or turning |MEASLE, n. mee’zl. A leper. [ot in use.] 5. Arule by which any thing is adjusted or
in a passage ; as the meanders of the veins Wickliffe. proportioned.
and arteries. Hale. MEASLED, a. mee/zled. [See Measles.) God’s goodness is the measure of his provi-
While lingering rivers in meanders glide. dence. More.
Blackmore. Infected or spotted with measles. 6.. Proportion ; quantity settled.
2, A maze ; a labyrinth ; perplexity; as the IMEASLES, n. mee/zles ;with a plural ter- I enter not into the particulars of the law of
meanders of the law. Arbuthnot. mination. [G. maser, a spot; masig, meas-
nature, or its measures of punishment; yet
MEAN’DER, v. t. To wind, turn or flow led; D. mazelen ; from sprinkling or from
there is such a law. Locke.
round ; to make flexuous. Drayton. mixing. Class Ms. No. 14. 15.]
7. Full or sufficient quantity.
MEAN’DER, v. 7. To wind or turn in a 1. A contagious disease of the human body, Tl never pause again,
course or passage ; to be intricate. usually characterized by an eruption of
Till either death hath clos’d these eyes of mine,
Shenstone. small red points or spots, from which it Orfortune given me measure of revenge.
MEAN’DERING, ppr. or a. Winding in a has its name.
course, passage or current. 2. A disease of swine. B. Jonson. 8. Extent of power or office.
MEAN’DRIAN, a. Winding ; having ma- 3. A disease of trees. Mortimer. We will not boast of things without our
ny turns. MEASLY, a. mee’zly. Infected with measles measure. 2 Cor. x.
ME/ANING, ppr. Having in mind ; intend- or eruptions. Swift. LE} Portion allotted ; extent of ability.
ing ; signifying. MEASURABLE, a. mezh'urable. (See If else thou seekest
MIVANING, n. That which exists in the} Measure.| Aught not surpassing human measure, say.
Milton.
mind, view or contemplation as a settled 1. That may be measured; susceptible of
aim or purpose, though not directly ex- mensuration or computation. Bentley. } 10. Degree; quantity indefinite.
pressed. We say, this or that is not his 2. Moderate ; in small quantity or extent. I have laid down, in some measure, the des-
meaning. MEASURABLENESS, n. mezh/urableness. cription of the old world. Abbot.
nw. Intention ; purpose ; aim; with reference The quality of admitting mensuration. A great measure of discretion is to be used in
MEASURABLY, adv. mezh'urably. Mod- the performance of confession. Taylor.
to a future act.
Tam no honest man, if there be any good erately ; ina limited degree. \11. In music, that division by which the mo-
meaning towards you. Shak. MEASURE, n. mezh'ur, [Fr. mesure; It. tion of music is regulated ; or the interval
Signification. What is the meaning of all misura ; Sp. medida ; Arm. musur or mu- or space of time between the rising and
this parade? The meaning of a hiero- sul; Ir. meas; W. meidyr and mesur; G. falling of the hand or foot of him who beats
glyphic is not always obvious. mass, measure, and messen, to measure 5) time. This measure regulates the time of
 MEA MEC MEC
dwelling on each note. The ordinary or MEASURING, ppr. mezh/uring. Compu-| The terms mechanical and chimical, are thus
common measure is one second. Encye. ting or ascertaining length, dimensions, distinguished: those changes which bod-
12. In poetry, the measure or meter is the capacity or amount. ies undergo without altering their con-
manner of ordering and combining the 2. a. A measuring cast, a throw or cast that! stitution, that is, losing their identity, such
quantities, or the long and short syllables. requires to be measured, or not to be dis- as changes of place, of figure, &c. are
Thus hexameter, pentameter, Iambic, tinguished from another but by measur- mechanical; those which alter the consti-
Sapphic verses, &c. consist of different ing. Waller. tution of bodies, making them different
measures. Encyc. MEAT, n. [Sax. mete, mete; Goth. mats ; substances, as when flour, yeast and water
13. In dancing, the interval between steps, Sw. mat ;Dan. mad; Hindoo, mas. In W. unite to form bread, are chimical. In the
corresponding to the interval between maethu signifies to feed, to nourish, Corn. one case, the changes relate to masses of
notes in the music. methia. Inthe language of the Mohegans, matter, as the motions of the heavenly
My legs can keep no measure in delight. in America, meetseh signifies, eat thou; bodies, or the action of the wind on a ship
Shak. meetsoo, he eats. Qu. matz and mast.] under sail; in the other case, the changes
14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as 1. Food in general; any thing eaten for occur between the particles of matter, as
one or unity, to which the ratio of other nourishment, either by man or beast. the action of heat in melting lead, or the
homogeneous or similar quantities is ex- And God said, Behold, I have given you union of sand and lime forming mortar.
pressed. Encye. every herb—to you it shall be for meat. Gen. i. | Most of what are usually called the me-
15. Means to an end; an act, step or pro- Every moving thing that liveth, shall bel| chanie arts, are partly mechanical, and
meat for you. Gen. ix. partly chimical. ;
ceeding towards the accomplishment of an} Thy carcase shall be meat to all fowls of the
object; an extensive signification of the air. Deut. xxviii. ME€HAN'T€, x. A person whose oecupa-
word, applicable to almost every act prepara- 2. The flesh of animals used as food. his tion is to construct machines, or goods,
tory to a final end, and by which tt is to be is now the more usual sense of the word. wares, instruments, furniture, and the like.
attained. Thus we speak of legislative The meat of carnivorous animals is tough, 2. One skilled in a mechanical occupation
measures, political measures, public meas- coarse and ill flavored. The meat of herb- or art.
ures, prudent measures, a rash measure, ef- ivorous animals is generally palatable. MECHANICALLY, adv. According to the
fectual measures, inefticient measures. 3. In Scripture, spiritual food; that which laws of mechanism, or good workman-
In measure, with moderation; without ex- sustains and nourishes spiritual life or 9 ship.
cess. holiness. . By physical force or power.
Without measure, without limits; very largely My fleshis meat indeed. John vi. By the laws of motion, without intelli-
or copiously. 4, Spiritual comfort; that which delights gence or design, or by the force of habit.
To have hard measure, to be harshly or op- the soul. We say, a man arrives to such perfection
pressively treated. My meat is to do the will of him that sent in playing on an instrument, that his fin-
Lineal or long measure, measure of length; me. John iy. gers move mechanically.
the measure oflines or distances. 5. Products of the earth proper for food. Mechanically turned or inclined, naturally or
Liquid measure, the measure ofliquors. Hab. iii. habitually disposed to use mechanical
MEASURE, v. t. mezh’ur. To compute or 6. The more abstruse doctrines of the gos- |} arts. Swift.
ascertain extent, quantity, dimensions or pel, or mysteries of religion. Heb. v. MECHANICALNESS, nv. The state of
capacity by a certain rule ; as, to measure 7. Ceremonial ordinances. Heb. xiii. being mechanical, or governed by mechan-
land ; to measure distance ; to measure the |To sit at meat, to sit or recline atthe table. ism.
altitude of a mountain; to measure the ca- Scripture.| MECHANT’CIAN, x. One skilled in me-
pacity ofa ship or ofa cask. ME/ATED, a. Fed; fattened. [ot used.}|__ chanics. : :
2. To ascertain the degree of any thing; as, Tusser.||MECHAN TIES, n. That science which
to measure the degrees ofheat, or of moist- MEATHE, n. [W. mez. See Mead.] Liquor treats of the doctrines of motion. It in-
ure. or drink. [Not used.] Milton. vestigates the forces by which bodies are
3. To pass through or over. (ME‘AT-OFFERING, x. An offering con- kept either in equilibrium or in motion,
We must measure twenty miles to day. sisting of meat or food, and is accordingly divided into statics and
Shak. iME/ATY, a. Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.] dynamics.
The vessel plows the sea, Grose. A mathematical science which shows the ef-
And measures back with speed her former IMEAWL. [See Mevwl.] fects of powers or moving forces, so far
way. Dryden. ‘ME’AZLING, ppr. Falling in small drops; as they are applied to engines, and demon-
4. To judge of distance, extent or quantity;| properly mizzling, or rather mistling, from strates the laws of motion. Harris.
as, to measure any thing by the eye. mist. Arbuthnot. It is a well known truth in mechanics, that
Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite MECHAN'Te, if [L. mechanicus; Fr. the actual and theoretical powers of amachine
Thy power; what thought can measure thee? (MECHANICAL, § * mechanique; Gr. un- will never coincide. J. Appleton.
Milton. zouixos, from uyxary, a machine. ] ME€H‘ANISM, n. The construction of a
5. To adjust; to proportion. 1. Pertaining to machines, or to the art of machine, engine or instrument, intended
To secure a contented spirit, measure your constructing machines ; pertaining to the to apply power to a useful purpose; the
desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by art of making wares, goods, instruments, structure of parts,ormanner in which the
your desires. Taylor. furniture, &c. We say, a man isemploy- parts of a machine are united to answer
6. To allot or distribute by measure. ed in mechanical labor; he lives by me- its design.
With what measure ye mete, it shall be chanical occupation. 2. Action of a machine, according to the
measured to you again. Matt. vii. 2. Constructed or performed by the rules or laws of mechanics.
MEASURED, pp. mezh'ured. Computed or laws of mechanics. The work is not me- MECH’ANIST, x. The maker of machines,
chanical. or one skilled in mechanics.
ascertained by a rule; adjusted; propor-
tioned ; passed over. 3. Skilled in the art of making machines; ME€H/LIN, x. A species of lace, made at
bred to manual labor. Johnson. Mechiin.
9
a, Equal; uniform; steady. He walked
with measured steps. \4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics; vul- ME€HO’/A€AN, n. White jalap, the root of
gar. an American species of Convolvulus, from
MEASURELESS, a. mezh'urless. Without Mechoacan, in Mexico; a purgative of
To make a god, a hero or a king,
measure; unlimited ;immeasurable. | Descend to a mechanic dialect. slow operation, but safe. Encyc.
Shak. Roscommon. MECO'NIATE, x. A salt consisting of me-
MEASUREMENT, n. mezh/urment. The 5. Pertaining to the principles of mechanics, conic acid and a base.
act of measuring; mensuration. Burke. in philosophy ; as mechanical powers or ME€ON'TIé€, a. Meconic acid isan acid con-
MEASURER, n. mezh’urer. One who meas- forces; a mechanical principle. tained in opium.
ures ; one whose occupation or duty is to 6. Acting by physical power ; as ‘mechanical ME€’/ONITH, n. A small sandstone; am-
measure commodities in market. | pressure. mite. Core. De Costa.
Vol. IT. 14
 MED MED ME D
ME€O/NIUM, n. [Gr. wqxerior, from pixar, of two or more ingredients of different MEDIA’TORSHIP, n. The office ofa me-
quantities and values. In this case, the diator.
poppy-] ‘ J quantity and value of each ingredient are MEDIA’TRESS, } A female mediator.
1. The juice of the white poppy, which has
the virtues of opium. Coxe. Encyc. given. MEDIA’TRIX, §”” Ainsworth.
2. The first feces of infants. Core. ME/DIANT, x. In music, an appellation MED’‘I¢, n. A plant of the genus Medicago.
MED‘AL, n. [Fr. medaille; It. medaglia; given to the third above the key-note, be- The sea-medicis of the same genus; the
Sp. medalla; Arm. metallinn; from L. cause it divides the interval between the medic vetch is of the genus Hedysarum.
tonic and dominant into two thirds. Fam. of Plants.
metallum, metal. Qu. Ar. jbo matala, Rousseau. Busby. MED‘I€ABLE, a. [See Medical.] That
ME/DIATE, a. [Fr mediat; It. mediato; may be cured or healed.
to beat or extend by beating. Class Md. from L. medius, middle.] Middle; being MED‘I€AL, a. [L. medicus, from medeor, to
No. 45.] between the two extremes. heal; Gr. pydixos, undouar; uydos, cure.]
An ancient coin, or a piece of metal in the Anxious we hover in a mediate state. Prior. 1. Pertaining to the art of healing diseases :
form of a coin, stamped with some figure 2. Interposed ; intervening; being between ] as the medical profession ; medical services.
or device to preserve the portrait of some two objects. 2. Medicinal; containing that which heals;
distinguished person, or the memory ofan Soon the mediate clouds shall be dispelled. tending to cure; as the medical properties
illustrious action or event. Prior. of a plant.
MEDAL/LI¢€, a. Pertaining to a medal or 3. Acting by means, or by an intervening MED‘I€ALLY, adv. In the manner of
to medals. Addison. cause or instrument. Thus we speak o medicine ; according to the rules of the
MEDAL’LION, n. [Fr.; from medal.] A mediate and immediate causes. The wind healing art, or for the purpose of healing ;
large antique stamp or medal. that propels a ship is the immediate cause as a simple or mineral medically used or
2. The representation of a medallion. of its motion ; the oar with which a man applied.
MED/ALLIST, x. A person that is skilled rows a boat is the immediate cause of its 2. In relation to the healing art; as a plant
or curious in medals. Johnson. motion; but the rower is the mediate medically considered.
MED’DLE, v. i. [D. middelen, to mediate ; cause, acting by means of the oar. MED/‘I€AMENT, 2. [Fr. from L. medica-
G. mitiler, middle, and mediator; Sw. ME’DIATE, v. 7. To interpose between mentum. |
medlare; Dan. midler, a mediator. Qu. parties, as the equal friend of each; to act Any thing used for healing diseases or
Sw. meddela, Dan. meddeler, to communi- indifferently between contending parties, wounds ; a medicine ; a healing applica-
cate or participate; med, with, and dela, with a view to reconciliation; to inter- tion. Coxe.
deeler, to deal. Meddle seems to be con- cede. The prince that mediates between MEDICAMENTYAL, a. Relating to healing
nected with medley, a mixture. Chaucer nations and prevents a war, is the bene- applications ; having the qualities of med-
and Spenser use medle, to mix, and the G. factor of both parties. icaments.
mittler is evidently from mitte, mittel, mid- 2. To bebetweentwo. [Little used.] Digby. MEDI€CAMENT’ALLY, adv. After the
dle, which seems to be connected with MEDIATE, v. ¢. To effect by mediation or manner of healing applications.
mit, with. In W. mid signifies an inclo- interposition between parties; as, to medi- MED/I€ASTER, n. A quack. Whitlock.
sure. Perhaps all these words may be- ate a peace. Clarendon. MED/‘ICATE, v. t. [L. medico.] To tine-
long to one family.] 42. To limit by something in the middle. [ot ture or impregnate with healing sub-
. To have todo; to take part ; to interpose used. ] Holder. stances, or with any thing medicinal.
and act inthe concerns of others, or in af- ME'DIATELY, adv. By means or by a Arbuthnot.
fairs in which one’s interposition is not ne- secondary cause, acting between the first MED/‘I€ATED, pp. Prepared or furnished
cessary ; often with the sense ofintrusion cause and the effect. with any thing medicinal.
or officiousness. God worketh all things amongst us mediately, MED/‘ICATING, ppr. Impregnating with
Ihave thus far been an upright judge, not by secondary means. Raleigh.| medical substances ; preparing with any
meddling with the design nor disposition. The king grants a manor to A, and A grants}
a portion of it to B. In this case, B holds his
thing medicinal.
Dryden.
What hast thou to do to meddle with the af- lands immediately of A, but mediately of the MEDI€A’TION, n. The act or process of
king. Blackstone. impregnating with medicinal substances;
fairs of my family ? Arbuthnot. the infusion of medicinal virtues. Bacon.
Why should’st thou meddle to thy hurt? 2 MEDIA/TION, n. [Fr. from L. medius,
middle. ] 2. The use of medicine. Brown.
Kings xiv.
To have to do; to touch; to handle. 1. Interposition; intervention; agency be- MEDIC‘INABLE, a. Having the properties
Meddle not with edge-tools, is an admoni- tween parties at variance, with a view to of medicine ; medicinal. [The latter is the
tion to children. When the object is spe- reconcile them. The contentions ofindi- word now used.] Bacon. Wotton.
cified, meddle is properly followed by with viduals and families are often terminated MEDIC’INAL, a. [L. medicinalis.] Having
or in; usually by the former. by the mediation of friends. The contro-} the property of healing or of mitigating
The civil lawyers—have meddled in a matter versies of nations are sometimes adjusted disease ; adapted to the cure or alleviation
that belongs not to them. Locke. by mediation. The reconciliation of sin- of bodily disorders; as medicinal plauts;
MED’DLE, v. t. To mix ; to mingle. ners to God by the mediation of Christ, is medicinal virtues of minerals; medicinal
He meddled his talk with many atear. Obs. a glorious display of divine benevolence. springs. The waters of Saratoga and
Spenser. 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power. Ballston are remarkably medicinal.
MED/DLER, n. One that meddles ; one that
interferes or busies himself with things in
which he hasno concern ; an officious per-
| The soul, during its residence in the body,
does all things by the mediation of the passions.
South
~ Pertaining to medicine ; as medieinal days
or hours.
MEDIC’INALLY, adv. In the manner of
Quincy.

son; a busy body. Bacon. 3. Intercession; entreaty for another. medicine; with medicinal qualities.
MED/DLESOME, a. Given to meddling; MEDIA’TOR, an. [Fr.mediateur.| One that 2. With a view to healing; as, to use a
apt to interpose in the affairs of others; interposes between parties at variance for mineral medicinally.
officiously intrusive. the purpose of reconciling them. |MED/ICINE, x. [L. medicina, from medeor,
MED/DLESOMENESS, n. Officious inter- 2 By way of eminence, Christ is THE MEDI-| to cure; vulgarly and improperly pro-
position in the affairs of others. Barrow. avor, the divine intercessor through) nounced med'sn.}
MED'DLING, ppr. Having to do; touch- whom sinners may be reconciled to an of-| . Any substance, liquid or solid, that has
ing; handling; officiously interposing in fended God. Tim. 2. | the property of curing or mitigating dis-
other men’s concerns. Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking ease in animals, or that is used for that
2. a. Officious; busy in other men’s affairs; of both natures divine and human; and media- purpose. Simples, plants and minerals
as a meddling neighbor. tor by office, as transacting matters between furnish most of our medicines. Even poi-
ME/DIAL, a. {L. medius, middle.] Mean; God and man. Waterland. sons used with judgment and in modera-
noung a mean or average. MEDIATO/RIAL, a. Belonging to a med)- tion, are safe and efficacious medicines.
Medial alligation, is a method of finding the ator; as mediatorial office or character. Medicines are internal or external, simple
nrean rate or value of a mixture consisting! {Mediatory is not used.] or compound,
 MED MED MEE
2. The art of preventing, curing or allevi- stance through which a body moves or| MEED, n. [Sax. med, Gr. puss, G. mieths,
ating the diseases of the human body. passes to any point. Thus ether is sup- hire ; Sans. medha, a gift.]
Hence we say, the study of medicine, or a posed to be the medium through which 1. Reward ; recompense ; that which is be-
student of medicine. 4 4 the planets move; air is the medium stowed or rendered in consideration of
3. In the French sense, a physician. [/Vot in through which bodies move near the merit.
use. | Shak. earth; water the mediwm in which fishes, Thanks to men
MED‘ICINE, v. ¢. To affect or operate on live and move; glass a medium through of noble minds is honorable meed. Shak
as medicine. [Vt used.] Shak. which light passes; and we speak of a re- 2. A gift or present. [ot used.] Shak.
MEDIVETY, n. [Fr. medteté; L. medietas ; sisting medium, a refracting medium, &c. MEEK, a. (Sw. miuk, soft, tender; Dan.
from L. medius, middle.] 4 2. In logic, the mean or middle term of a myg ; Sp. mego; Port. meigo; G. gemach.
The middle state or part; half; moiety. syllogism, or the middle term in an argu- The primary sense is flowing, liquid, or
[Little used.] Brown. ment, being the reason why a thing is af- thin, attenuated, and allied to muck, L.
ME/DIN, n. A small coin. firmed or denied. mucus, Eng. mucilage, Heb. Ch. 319, to
MEDIO/€RAL, a. [L. mediocris.] Being Nothing can be honorable that violates melt. Class Mg. No. 8. See also No. 10.
ofa middle quality ; indifferent ;ordinary ; moral principle. and No. 2. 9. 13.]
as mediocral intellect. [Rare.| Addison. Dueling violates moral principle. 1. Mild of temper; soft; gentle; not easily
ME’DIO€ERIST, x. A person of middling Therefore dueling is not honorable. provoked or irritated ; yielding ; given to
abilities. ase used. } Suift. Here the second term is the medium, forbearance under injuries.
MEDIO€'RITY, n. [L. mediocritas, from mean, or middle term. Now the man Moses was very meek, above
mediocris, middling ; medtus, middle.] 3. Arithmetical medium, that which is equally }, all men, Num. xii.
1. A middle state or degree ; a moderate de- distant from each extreme, or which ex- ~ Appropriately, humble, in an evangelical
ceeds the lesser extreme as much as it is sense ; submissive to the divine will; not
gree or rate. A mediocrity of condition is
most favorable to morals and happiness. exceeded by the greater, in respect of proud, self-sufficient or refractory ; not
A mediocrity of talents well employed will quantity, not of proportion. Thus, 9 is aj peevish and apt to complain of divine dis-
generally ensure respectability. medium between 6 and 12. | pensations. Christ says, ‘ Learn of me, for
Men of age seldom drive business home to 4. Geometrical medium, is that wherein the, I am meek and lowly in heart, and ye shall
the full period, but content themselves with a same ratio is preserved between the first! find rest to your souls.” Matt. xi.
mediocrity of success. Bacon. and second terms, as between the second| Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit
29 Moderation; temperance. and third. Thus, 6 is a geometrical medi-| the earth. Matt. v.
We owe obedience to the law of reason, um between 4 and 9. Encyce. MEE’/KEN, v. ¢t. mee/kn. To make meek ;
which teacheth mediocrity in meats and drinks. In the three last senses or applications, to soften ; to render mild. Thomson.
Hooker.
mean is more generally used for medium. MEE’KLY, adv. Mildly; gently; submis-
MED/ITATE, v. 7. [L. meditor; Sp. medi- rk sively ;humbly; not proudly or roughly.
5. The means or instrument by which any
tar; Fr. mediter.] And this mis-seeming discord meekly lay
1. To dwell on any thing in thought; to thing is accomplished, conveyed or car- aside. Spenser.
contemplate ; to study ; to turnor revolve ried on. Thus money is the mediwm of]|MEE/KNESS, x. Softness of temper;
commerce; coin is the common medium
any subject in the mind; appropriately mildness; gentleness; forbearance under
of trade among all civilized nations, but! injuries and provocations.
but not exclusively used of pious contem-
plation, or a consideration of the great wampuni is the medium of trade among) 9 In anevangelical sense, humility ; resigna-
the Indian tribes, and bills of credit or
truths of religion. tion; submission to the divine will, with-
His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in bank notes are often used as mediums of, out murmuring or peevishness ; opposed
his law doth he meditate day and night. Ps. i. trade in the place of gold and silver. In- to pride, arrogance and_ refractoriness.
2. Tointend ; to have in contemplation. telligence is communicated through the Gal. v.
I meditate to pass the remainder of life in a medium of the press. I beseech you by the meekness of Christ. 1
state of undisturbed repose. Washington. 6. The middle place or degree; the mean. Cor. x.
MEDITATE, v. t. To plan by revolving in The just medium of this case lies between) Meeknessis a grace which Jesus alone incul-
the mind; to contrive ; to intend. pride and abjection. LT’Estrange. cated, and which no ancient philosopher seems
Some affirmed that I meditated a war. 7. A kind of printing paper of middle size. to have understood or recommended.
King Charles. MED’LAR,n [L. mespilus.| A tree and Buckminster.
2. Tothink on; to revolve in the mind. a genus of trees, called Mespilus; also, MEER, a. Simple; unmixed ; usually writ-
Blessed is the man that doth meditate good the fruit of the tree. The German or ten mere.
things. Ecclus. common medlar is cultivated in gardens MEER, n. A lake; a boundary. [See
MED‘ITATED, pp. Planned; contrived. for its fruit. Encye. Mere. ]
MED/‘ITATING, ppr. Revelving in the MED'LE, v. t. To mix; not
used, but MEE’RED, a. Relating toaboundary. [See
mind; contemplating ; contriving. hence, Mere. ] Shak.
MEDITA’TION, n. [L. meditatio.] Close MED’LEY, n. A mixture; a mingled and MEER’SCHAUM,n. {G. sea-foam.] A
or continued thought; the turning or re- confused mass ofingredients ; used often hydrate of magnesia combined with silex.
volving of a subject in the mind; serious or commonly with some degree of con- It occurs in beds in Natolia, and when
contemplation. tempt. first taken out, is soft, and makes lather
Let the words of my mouth and the medita- This medley of philosophy and war. .4ddison. like soap. It is manufactured into tobac-
tions of my heart be acceptable in thy sight, O Love is a medley of endearments, jars, suspi- co pipes, which are boiled in oil or wax,
Lord, my strength and my Redeemer. Ps. xix. cions, reconcilements, wars—then peace again. and baked. Cyc
MEDITATIVE, a..Addicted to medita- Walsh. MEET, a. [Sax. gemet, with a prefix, from
tion. Ainsworth. MED’LEY, a. Mingled; confused. [Little the root of metan, gemetan, to meet, to find,
2. Expressing meditation or design. used.| Dryden. that is, to come to, to come together. So
Johnson. MEDUL‘LAR, q, [Ls medullaris, from the equivalent word convenient, is from L.
MEDITERRA'NE, {L. medius, MED’ULLARY, * medulla, marrow ; W. convenio. |
MEDITERRA'NEAN, >a. middle, and madruz; allied to matter, that is, soft.] Fit; suitable ; proper; qualified; conveni-
MEDITERRA/NEOUS, terra, land.] Pertaining to marrow; consisting of mar- ent; adapted, as to a use or purpose.
1. Inclosed or nearly inclosed with land; row; resembling marrow; as medullary Ye shall pass over armed before your breth-
as the Mediterranean sea, between Eu- substance. ren, the children of Israel, all that are meet for
rope and Africa. [Mediterrane is not used.] MEDUL'LIN, n. [L. medulla.] The pith the war. Deut. iii.
2. Inland ; remote from the ocean or sea; of the sunflower, which has neither taste It was meet that we should make merry—
as mediterraneous mountains. Burnet. nor smell. It is insoluble in water, ether, Luke xv.
ME/DIUM, n. plu. mediums ; media not be- alcohol and oils, but soluble in nitric acid, Bring forth fruits meet for repentance. Matt.iii.
ing generally, though sometimes used. and instead of yielding suberic acid, it MEET, v. t. pret. and pp. met. [Sax. metan,
{L.) In philosophy, the space or sub- yields the oxalic. Cyc. metan, gemetan, to meet, to find, to meas-
 MEE MEL MEL
ure, to mete; Goth. motyan ; D. ontmoeten, ing Was numerous ; the meeting was clam- MELANCHO'LIOUS, a. Gloomy. [Wot in
gemoetan, to meet, and gemoet, a meeting ; orous; the meeting was dissolved at sun- use. | Gower.
Sw. méta, to meet, to fall, come or hap- set. g MEL/ANCHOLIST, n. One affected with
pen; mote, a meeting; mot, toward, 3. A conflux, as of rivers; a joining, as of melancholy. Glanville.
against; Dan. méder, to meet; méde, a lines. MEL‘AN€HOLIZE, v.7. To become gloomy
meeting ; mod, contrary, against, towards. MEE/TING-HOUSE, x. A place of wor- in mind. Burton.
The sense is to come to, to fall to or hap- ship; a church. MEL/ANCHOLIZE, v. ¢. To make melan-
pen, to reach to; Gr. wera, with; G. mit, MEE’TLY, adv. [from meet.] Fitly; suita- choly. More.
D. met, mede, Sw. and Dan. med, with or bly ;properly. [This verb is rarely or never used.]
by; W. med, to; Ch. Syr. son AWN, to come MEE’TNESS, n. [from meet.] Fitness; MEL/AN€HOLY, n. (Gr. uerar, black, and
to, to arrive, to happen; Heb. Ch. Eth. suitableness ; propriety. Bp. Halli. xonm, bile; L. melancholia. }
xn. Qu. W. ammod, a covenant; commod, MEG‘A€OSM, n. [Gr. veyas, great, and Le A gloomy state of mind, often a gloomy
agreement.] xoouos, world.] The great_world. State that is of some continuance, or habit-
id. To come together, approaching in oppo- Bp. Croft. ual; depression of spirits induced by grief;
site or different directions; to come face MEGALON’YX, n. [Gr. “eyoay, great, and dejection of spirits. This was formerly
to face; as, to meet a man in the road. ovvé, a nail.| supposed to proceed from a redundance of
His daughter came out to meet him with An animal now extinct, whose bones have black hile. Melancholy, when extreme
timbrels and with dances. Judges xi. been found in Virginia. Cuvier. and of long continuance, is a disease,
2 . To come together in any place; as, we MEGALOP’OLIS, n. [Gr. peyory, great, sometimes accompanied with partial in-
met many strangers at the levee. and zorts, city.] sanity. Cullen defines it, partial insanity
3. To come together in hostility ; to encoun- A chief city ;a metropolis. [Vot in use.] without dyspepsy. i
ter. The armies met on the plains of Phar- Herbert. In nosology, mental alienation restrained to
salia. MEGATHE’RIUM, ,f (Gr. peyas, great, a single object or train ofideas, in distine-
4. To encounter unexpectedly. Milton. |MEGATH'ERY, “and 6@ypa, a wild tion from mania, in which the alienation
5. To come together in extension ; to come || beast.] is general. Good.
in contact; to join. The line A meets the A quadruped now extinct, but whose re- Moon-struck madness, moping melancholy.
line B and forms an angle. mains have been found in South America. Milton.
6. To come to; to find; to light on; to re-| It was larger than the megalonyx. Cyc. MEL’ANCHOLY, a. Gloomy: depressed
ceive. The good man meets his reward; ME‘GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine, corrupted from in spirits; dejected; applied to persons.
the criminal in due time meets the punish- L. and G. hemicrania, half the head.] Crery petming grief has made me melan-
ment he deserves. Properly, a pain in the side of the head; choly.
Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst, hence, a disorder of the head; vertigo. 2. Dismal; gloomy ; habitually dejected; as
Which meets contempt, or which compassion Bacon. a melancholy temper.
first. Pope. MEINE, v. t. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. 3. Calamitous; afflictive ;that may or does
MEET, v.i. To come together or to ap- Obs. Chaucer. produce great evil and grief; as a melan-
proach near, or into company with. How MEINE, [See Menial.] <A retinue or choly event. The melancholy fate of the
pleasant it is for friends to meet on the ME/NY, §” family of servants; domes- Albion! The melancholy destruction of
road; still more pleasant to meet in a for- ties. Obs. Shak. Scio and of Missolonghi!
eign country. MEIONITE, 2. (Gr. mecor, less; from its MELANGE, n._ melanj’. [Fr.] A mixture.
2. To come together in hostility ;te encoun- low pyramids. | [Not English.} Drummond.
ter. The armies met at Waterloo, and de- Prismato-pyramidical feldspar, of a grayish MEL/ANITE, n. [Gr. “eras, black.] A min-
cided the fate of Buonaparte. white color. It occurs massive and erys- eral, a variety of garnet, of a velvet black
3. To assemble ; to congregate. The coun- talized. Ure. or grayish black, occurring always in crys-
cil meé at 10 o’clock. The legislature will MEIO’SIS, n. [Gr pevaoes.] Diminution ;) tals ofa dodecahedral form.
meet onthe first Wednesday in the month. a rhetorical figure, a species of hyperbole, Cleaveland. Ure.
4. To come together by being extended ; to representing a thing less than it is. Melanite is perfectly opake. It is found
come in contact; to join. Two converg- Beattie. among voleanic substances.
ing lines will meet in a point. MEL/AMPODE, n. [Gr. “eraun08c0r, black- Dict. Nat. Hist,
To meet with, to light on; to find; to come foot.}] The black hellebore. Spenser. MELANIT‘E, a. Pertaining to melanite.
to; often with the sense of an unexpected MELANAGOGUE, nx. melan/agog. [Gr. MEL/ANTERY, n. [Gr. werar, black.] Sait
event. of iron, or iron in a saline state, mixed
menas, wcaavos, black, and ays, to drive.]
We met with many things worthy of observa- A medicine supposed to expel black bite or with inflammable matter. Fourcroy.
tion. Bacon. MEL’ANURE, A small fish of the
choler. [Old.]
a. [See Melancholy.] MELANU’RUS, §" Mediterranean.
< Tojoin; to unite in company.
MEL/ANCHOLI€,
Falstaff at that oak shall meet with us. 1, Depressed in spirits ;affected with gloom ; Dict. Nat. Hist.
Shak.
dejected; hypochondriae. Grief indul- MEL‘ASSES, n. sing. [It. melassa; Sp.
Sd To suffer unexpectedly ; as, to meet with ged to excess, has a tendency to rendera melaza ; Fr. melasse ; from Gr. uedas black,
a fall; to meet with a loss. person melancholic. or from meat, honey ; Sans. mali, black.]
- To encounter; to engage in opposition.
Royal mistress,
2. Produced by melancholy; expressive of Lhe sirup which drains from Muscovade
melancholy ; mournful; as melancholic sugar when cooling; treacle.
Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury Nicholson. Edwards.
From the fierce prince. Rowe. strains.
Just as the melancholic eye,
MEL/‘ILOT, n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus
3. To obviate; a Latinism. [JVot used.] Trifolium.
Bacon. Sees fleets and armies in the sky. Prior.
ME’LIORATE, v. t. [EFr. ameliorer; Sp.
To meet half way, to approach from an equal 3. Unhappy; unfortunate ; causing sorrow; mejorar ;It. migliorare ; from L. melior, bet-
distance and meet; metaphorically, to | as accidents and melancholic perplexities. ter; W. mall, gain, profit; Ir. meall, good.]
make mutual and equal concessions, each Clarendon. To make better; to improve; as, to melio-
party renouncing some pretensions. MEL/AN€HOLIE, nx. One affected with a rate fruit by grafting, or soil by cultiva-
MEE/TER, n. One that meets another ;one gloomy state of mind. [.Melancholian, in tion. Civilization has done much, but
that aceosts another. Shak. a like sense, is not used.] Spenser. christianity more, to meliorate the condi-
MEE’TING, ppr. Coming together; en- 2. A gloomy state of mind. Clarendon. tion of men in society.
countering ;joining; assembling. MEL/AN€CHOLILY, adv. With melancholy. Nature by art we nobly meliorate.
MEE’TING, n. A coming together; an in- Keepe. Denham,
terview; as a happy meeting of friends. MEL’/ANCHOLINESS, 2. ‘State of tel ME’LIORATE, v. 7. To grow better.
2. An assembly ; a congregation; a collec- melancholy; disposition to indulge gloom- ME'LIORATED, pp. Made better; im-
tion of people; a convention. The meel- iness of mind. Aubrey. proved,
 MEL MEL MEM
ME/LIORATING, ppr. Improving ;advan- MEL/LOWNESS, n. Softness; the quality 2. To dissolve; to reduce to first principles.
cing in good qualities. of yielding easily to pressure; ripeness, as Burnet.
The pure and benign light of revelation has of fruit. 3. To soften to love or tenderness.
had a meliorating influence on mankind. 2. Maturity; softness or smoothness from For pity melts the mind to love. Dryden.
Washington. age, as of wine. 4. To waste away ; to dissipate.
In general riot melted down thy youth.
MELIORA’TION, n. The act or operation MEL’LOWY, a. Soft; unctuous. Drayton.
of making better ; improvement. MELOCGOTO'NE, n. [Sp. melocoton, a
peach-tree grafted into a quince-tree, or 5. To dishearten. Josh. xiv.
MELIOR ITY, x. The state of being bet- the fruit of the tree; It. melocotogno, MELT, v. i. To become liquid ; to dissolve ;
ter. [Vot in use.] ; Bacon. quince-tree; L. malum cotoneum, quince- to be changed from a fixed or solid to a
MELL, v.7. [Fr- méler.| To mix; to med- apple. Cotonewm is probably our cotton, flowing state.
dle. [Not in use.] Spenser. and the fruit so named from its pubes- And whiter snow in minutes melts away.
MELL, n. [L. mel.] Honey. [ot English.] Dryden.
cence.|
MEL'LATE, n. [L. mel, honey, Gr. bert, A quince. But the name is sometimes given 2. To be softened to love, pity, tenderness
W. mel.] 2 : or sympathy ; to become tender, mild or
to a large kind of peach. gentle.
A combination of the mellitic acid with a MELO'DIOUS, a. [See Melody.] Contain-
Melting with tenderness and mild compas-
base- ing melody; musical; agreeable to the sion, Shak.
MELLIF’EROUS, a. [L. mel, honey, and ear by a sweet succession of sounds ; asa 3. To be dissolved; to lose substance.
fero, to produce.] Producing honey. melodious voice ; melodious strains. —And what seem’d corporal,
MELLIFICA/TION, n. [L. mellifico.] The And music more melodious than the spheres. Melted as breath into the wind. Shak.
making or production of honey. Dryden. 4. To be subdued by affliction; to sink into
MELLIF’LUENCE, n. [L. mel, honey, and MELO/DIOUSLY, adv. In a melodious weakness.
fluo, to flow.] manner ; musically. My soul melteth for heaviness—strengthen
A flow of sweetness, or a sweet smooth flow. IMELO/DIOUSNESS, x. The quality of thou me. Ps. exix.
Watts. 5. To faint; to be discouraged or disheart-
being agreeable to the ear by a sweet suc- ened.
MELLIF’LUENT, Flowing with hon- cession of sounds ; musicalness. As soon as we heard these things, our heart
MELLIE’LUOUS, § ey;smooth; sweet- MEL/ODIZEB, v. t. To make melodious. melted. Josh. ii.
ly flowing; as a mellifluous voice. MEL/ODRAME, n. [Gr. uwr0s, a song, and MELT’ED, pp. Dissolved ; made liquid;
MEL‘LIT, n. In farriery, a dry scab on the drama.) — softened; discouraged.
heel of a horse’s fore foot, cured by a A dramatie performance in which songs are MELT’ER, x. One that melts any thing.
mixture of honey and vinegar. intermixed. Todd. Derham.
MEL’LITE, x. [L. mel.] Honey stone; a MEL/ODY, n. [Gr. peradia; jeros, a limb, MELT’ING, ppr. Dissolving ; liquefying ;
mineral of a honey color, found only in or a song, and wd, an ode; L. melos.] softening ; discouraging.
very minute regular erystals. Cleaveland. An agreeable succession of sounds; a suc- 2. a. Tending to soften ; softening into ten-
MELLIT’Ié€, a. Pertaining to honey stone. cession of sounds so regulated and modu- derness ; as melting eloquence.
MEL’LOW, a. [Sax. melewe; G. mehl, D. lated as to please the ear. To constitute MELT’ING, n. The act of softening ; the
Dan. meel, meal; G. mehlig, mehlicht, mel- melody, the sounds must be arranged ac- act of rendering tender. South.
low, mealy; Dan. meelagtig, mellow; L. cording to the laws of rythmus, measure, MELT/INGLY, adv. In a manner to melt
mollis, Fr. mol, molle, soft, Gr. waraxos ;W. or the due proportion of the movements to or soften.
mall, soft, melting, insipid, evil, and as a each other. Melody differs from harmony, 2. Like something melting. Sidney.
noun, a malady. The Welsh unites the as it consists in the agreeable succession MELT’INGNESS, n. The power of melt-
word with L. malus. These words are ev- and modulation of sounds by a single ing or softening.
idently allied to mild and melt, and’ meal voice ; whereas harmony consists in the MEL’WEL, n. A fish.
would seem to be connected with mill. 1 accordance of different voices or sounds. MEM’BER, n. [Fr. membre; L. membrum.]
am not certain which is the primary word. Melody is vocal or instrumental. Hooker. 1. A limb of animal bodies, as a leg, an arm,
See Class Ml. No. 2. 4. 9. 12.] To make melody in the heart, to praise God an ear, a finger, that is, a subordinate part
. Soft with ripeness; easily yielding to with a joyful and thankful disposition, as- of the main body.
pressure; as a mellow peach or apple: eribing to him the honor due to his name. 2.. A part of a discourse, or of a period or
mellow fruit. Eph. v. sentence; a clause; a part of a verse.
5
~ Soft to the ear; as a mellow sound ; a mel- MEL/ON, n. [Fr. from L. melo ; Sp. melon ; Harmony in poetry is produced by a pro-
low pipe. It. mellone, a melon; Gr. uxror, an apple; portion between the members of the same
3. Soft; well pulverized ; not indurated or D. meloen; G. melone; Dan. Sw. melon; verse, or between the members of different
compact ; as mellow ground or earth. Slav. mlun. This word has the elements verses.
4. Soft and smooth to the taste; as mellow of mellow, L. mollis, W. mall.] In architecture, a subordinate part of a
wine. The name of certain plants and their fruit, building, as a frieze or cornice ;sometimes
5, Soft with liquor; intoxicated; merry. _ || as the water-melon, the musk-melon. a molding.
Addison. MEL/ON-THISTLE, x. A plant of the ge- 4, An individual of acommunity or society.
6. Soft or easy to the eye. nus Cactus. Every citizen is a member of the state or
The tender flush whose mellow stain imbues}| MEL/ROSE, n. [mel and rose.] Honey of body politic. So the individuals of aclub,
Heaven with all freaks of light. Percival.|| roses. Fordyce.| a corporation or confederacy, are called
MELT, v.t. [Sax. meltan; Gr. uerdo: D. its members. Students of an academy or
MEL/LOW, v. t. To ripen; to bring to ma- smelten; G. schmelzen; Sw. smélta; Dan.
turity ; to soften by ripeness or age. college are its members. Professed chris-
smelter; whence Eng. smelt, smalt. We tians are called members of the church.
On foreign mountains may the sun refine haye in these words decisive evidence that a The appetites and passions, considered as
The grape’s soft juice and mellow it to wine.
Addison.
S$, in smelten, &c. is a prefix. Melt, in Eng- tempting to sin. Rom. vii. Col. iii.
lish, is regular, forming melted for its past MEM’BERED, a. Having limbs.
2. To soften; to pulverize. Earth is mel- tense and passive participle. The old par- MEM’BERSHIP, x. The state of being a
lowed by frost. ticiple molien, is used only as an adjective. inember.
3. To mature ; to bring to perfection. This verb belongs to a numerous class of 2. Community ; society. Beaum.
This episode—mellowed into that reputation words in M!, denoting soft or softness. MEM’BRANE, n. [Fr. from L. membrana ;
which time has given it. Dryden. See Class Ml. No. 10. 18. I9.] Ir. meambrum. The last component part
MEL’LOW, v. 7. To become soft; to be ri- 1. To dissolve; to make liquid; to liquefy; of this word is found in the Ethiopie and
pened, matured or brought to perfection. to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flow-
Fruit, when taken from the tree, soon mel- ing state by heat; as, to melé wax, tallow Amharic; Eth. 1104 @ bereana. parch-
lows. Wine mellows with age. or lead; to melt ice or snow. ment, vellum, from Zu barah,te shine
 MEM MEN MEN
or be clear. Ludolf, Col. 231. 2. The sub- Memorials written with king Edward’s hand ward. The sense is more clearly express-
stance then is named from its clearness or shall be the ground of this history. ed by emineo and promineo, to jut forward,
Hayward. from the same root. See Mind, which is
transparency. |
In anatomy, a thin, white, flexible skin, form- 3. A written representation of facts, made to of the same family.]
ed by fibers interwoven like net-work, a legislative or other body as the ground 1G To threaten ; to express or show a dispo-
and serving to cover some part of the of a petition, or a representation of facts sition or determination to inflict punish-
body. Encyc. accompanied with a petition. ment or other evil. The combined pow-
The term is applied to the thin expanded MEMO/RIALIST, n. One who writes a ers menaced France with war on every
parts, of various texture, both in animals 9 memorial. Spectator. side.
and vegetables. . One who presents a memorial to a le- 2. To show or manifest the probability of
MEMBRA‘NEOUS, Belonging to a gislative or any other body, or to a person. future evil or danger to. The spirit of in-
MEM’BRANOUS, a. membrane; con- U. States. subordination menaced Spain with the hor-
MEMBRANA’‘CEOUS, sisting of mem- MEMO’RIALIZE, »v.t. To present a me- rors of civil war.
branes ; as a nembraneous covering. morial to; to petition by memorial. 3. To exhibit the appearance of any catas-
Birds of prey have membranaceous stomachs, U. States. trophe to come; as, a hanging rock me-
not muscular. Arbuthnot. MEM/ORIST, n. One who causes to be re- naces a fall, or menaces the plain or the in-
2..In botany, a membranaceous leaf has no membered. [.JVot used.] Brown. habitants below.
distinguishable pulp between the two sur- MEM’/ORIZE, v. t. To record; to commit MEN’ACE, n. A threat or threatening ; the
faces. In general, it denotes flatted or to memory by writing. declaration or show of a disposition or de-
resembling parchment. Martyn. They neglect to memorize their conquest of termination to inflict-an evil; used of per-
MEMBRA‘NIFORM, a. Having the form|) the Indians. Spenser. sons.
of a membrane or of parchment. 2. To cause to be remembered. 2. The show of a probable evil or catastro-
They meant to memorize another Golgotha.
MEMENT’O, n. [L. from memini. See Shak. phe to come.
Memory] MEM/ORY, xn. [L. memoria; Fr. memoire; MEN’ACED, pp. Threatened.
A hint, suggestion, notice or memorial to Sw. minne; Ir. meamhair or meabhair, MEN’ACER,n. One that threatens.
awaken memory ; that which reminds. meanma. This word is from memini, MEN‘A€HANITE, n. An oxyd oftitanium,
He is but a man, and seasonable mementos which is probably corrupted from the or mineral of a grayish or iron black col-
may be useful. Bacon. Greek praouax, to remember, from pevos, or, occurring in very small rounded grains,
MEM/OIR, n. [Fr. memoire, memory.] A mind, or the same root. See Mind.] imperfectly lamellar, and of a glistening
species of history written by a person who 1, The faculty of the mind by which it re- luster; found near Menachan, in Corn-
had some share in the transactions relat- tains the knowledge of past events, or wall, Eng. Ure. Phillips. Cleaveland.
ed. Persons often write their own me-} ideas which are past. A distinction is MENA€HANIT'I€, a. Pertaining to men-
moirs. made between memory and_ recollection. ||__achanite.
. A history of transactions in which some Memory retains past ideas without any, or MEN’ACING, ppr. Threatening; deiaring
person had a principal share, is called his with little effort ; recollection implies an a disposition or determination to inflict
memoirs, though compiled or written by effort to recall ideas that are past. evil.
a different hand. Beattie. Reid. Stewart. 2. a. Exhibiting the danger or probability of
. The history of a society, or the journals Memory is the purveyor of reason. an evil or catastrophe to come; as a me-
and proceedings of a society; as memoirs Rambler. nacing attitude.
of the Royal Society. . A retaining of past ideas in the mind; re- MEN’/AGE, n. [Fr. a family. See Manage4
4, A written account; register of facts. membrance. Events that excite little at- A collection of brute animals. Addison.
Arbuthnot. tention are apt to escape from memory. MEN’AGERY, n. [Fr. menagerie ; It. mena-
MEM’ORABLE, a. [Fr. from L. memorabi- 3. Exemption from oblivion. geria.}
lis. See Memory.] That ever-living man of memory, A yard or place in which wild animals are
Worthy to be remembered ; illustrious; cel- Henry the fifth. Shak. kept, or a collection of wild animals.
ebrated ; distinguished. 4. The time within which past events can MENAGOGUE, n. men/agog. [Gr. pyres,
By tombs, by books, by memorable deeds. be remembered or recollected, or the time menstrua, and ays, to drive.]
Davies. within which a person may have knowl- A medicine that promotes the menstrual
MEM/ORABLY, adv. In a manner worthy edge of what is past. The revolution in flux. Quincy.
to be remembered. England was before my memory ; the rev- MEND, ». t. [L. emendo; Fr. amender; It.
MEMORANDUM, n. plu. memorandums or olution in America was within the au- mendare ;from L. menda, a fault, spot or
memoranda. {L.| A note to help the mem- thor’s memory. blemish. Mend is contracted from emendo,
ory. 5. Memorial; monumental record ; that which amend, for the L. negative e for ex, is ne-
I entered a memorandum in my pocket- calls to remembrance. A monument in cessary to express the removal of a fault.}
book. Guardian. London was erected in memory of the con- . To repair, as a breach; to supply a part
MEM 'ORATIVE, a. Adapted or tending to flagration in 1666.
preserve the memory of any thing. broken or defective; as, to mend a gar-
6. Reflection ; attention. Shak. ment, a road, a mill-dam, a fence, &c.
Hammond.| (MEMORY, v. ¢. To lay up in the mind or
2. To correct; to set right; to alter for the
MEMO'RIAL, a. [Fr. from L. memorialis. memory. _[JVot used.] Chaucer. better ; as, to mend the life or manners.
See Memory.) |MEMPH'IAN, a. [from Memphis, the ancient 3. To repair ; to restore to a sound state;
1. Preservative of memory. metropolis of Egypt, said to be altered
There high in air memorial of my name, as, to mend a feeble or broken constitu-
from Menuf, Memf. Ludolf.] tion. Locke.
Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame. Pertaining to Memphis; very dark; a sense
Pope. 4. To help; to advance; to make better.
borrowed from the darkness of Egypt in This plausible apology does not mend the
2. Contained in memory; as memorial pos- the time of Moses.
session. Watts. (MEN, plu. of man. Two or more males, in- matter.
MEMO’RIAL, n. That which preserves the Though in some lands the grass is but short,
dividuals of the human race. yet it mends garden herbs and fruit.
memory of something ; any thing that) 2. Males of bravery. We will live in honor,
Mortimer.
serves to keep in memory. A monument) or die like men.
is a memorial of a deceased person, or of an| 3. Persons; people ;mankind ; in an indef- 5. To improve; to hasten.
event. The Lord’s supper is a memorial He saw the monster mend his pace.
inite sense. Men are apt to forget the
of the death and sufferings of Christ. benefactor, while they riot on the benefit. MEND, v. 7. To grow better; to advance
Churches have names; some as memorials
of peace, some of wisdom, some of the Trinity. MEN’ACE, v. t. [Fr. menacer ; It. minac- to a better state; to improve. We say, a
Hooker. ciare; Sp. amenazar ; L. minor. The pri- feeble constitution mends daily; a sick
2. Any note or hint to assist the memory. mary sense is to rush, throw or push for- ian mends, or is convalescent.
 MEN MEN MER
MEND/ABLE, a. Capable of being mended. MENOL/OGY, n. [Gr. nr, unos, month, and A hint; a suggestion; a brief notice or re-
MENDA/CIOUS, a. [L. mendax.] Lying; noyos, discourse. } mark expressed in words or writing ;used
false. [Little used.] 1. A register of months. Stillingfleet. chiefly after make.
2. In the Greek church, martyrology, or a Make no mention of other gods. Josh. xxiii.
MENDAC'ITY, n. [L. mendaz, false, lying. brief calendar of the lives of the saints, I will make mention of thy righteousness.
See Class Mn. No. 4.] Falsehood. for each day in the year, or a simple re- iy Ps. Ixxi. -
Brown. Without ceasing I make mention of you al-
membrance of those whose lives are not
[The proper signification of this word written. Lanier. Ways in my prayers. Rom. i.
would be a disposition to lie, or habitual MEN/OW, 2. [Fr. menu, small. Qu.) A small MEN’TION, v. t. [Fr. mentionner ; It. men-
lying. fresh water fish, the minnow. Bailey. zionare. |
MENDED, pp. Repaired; made better; To speak ; to name ; to utter a brief re-
improved. i MEN’PLEASER, n. One who is solicitous
mark ; to state a particular fact, or to ex-
MEND’ER, n. One who mends or repairs. to please men, rather than to please God,
press it in writing. It is applied to some-
MENDI€ANCY, a. [L. mendicans.} Beg- by obedience to his commands. thing thrown in or added incidentally in
gary; a state of begging. MEN’SAL, a. [L. mensalis, from mensa, a a discourse or writing, and thus differs
MEND‘I€ANT, a. [L. mendicans, from men- table.] from the sense of relate, recite, and narrate.
dico, to beg, Fr. mendier ;allied to L. man- Belonging to the table ; transacted at table. I mentioned tohim a fact that fell under my
do, to command, demand. } [Zitile used.] Clarissa. own observation. In the course of con-
1. Begging ; poor to a state of beggary; as MEN’STRUAL, a. [Fr. from L. menstrualis, versation, that circumstance was mention-
reduced to a mendicant state. from mensis, month.] ed.
2. Practicing beggary ; as a mendicant friar. 1. Monthly; happening once a month; as I will mention the loving-kindness of the
MEND‘I€ANT, nx. A beggar; one that the menstrual flux. Lord. Is. Ixiii-
makes it his business to beg alms; one of 2. Lasting a month; as the menstrual orbit MEN’TIONED, pp. Named; stated.
the begging: fraternity of the Romish of the moon. Bentley. MEN’TIONING, ppr. Naming; uttering.
ehureh. 3. Pertaining to a menstruum. Bacon. MENTO’RIAL, a. [from Mentor, the friend
MEND‘I€ATE, ». t. To beg, or practice IMEN’STRUANT, a. Subject to monthly and adviser of Ulysses. |
begging. [.Vot used.] flowings. Brown. Containing advice or admonition.
MENDIC‘ITY, n. (L. mendicitas.] The state MEN’STRUOUS, a. [L. menstruus, from MEPHIT'T¢€, a. [L. mephitis, an ill sinell.]
of begging ; the life of abeggar. mensis, a month.] Offensive to the smell; foul; poisonous ;
MENDMENT, for amendment. [Vot in use.] 1, Having the monthly flow or discharge ; as noxious ; pestilential ; destructive to life.
MENDS, for amends, not used. Shak. a female. Sandys. Mephatic acid is carbonic acid.
MENHA’'DEN, n. A species of fish. 2. Pertaining to the monthly flow of females. MEPHITIS, ,‘| Foul, offensive or nox-
ME/NIAL, a. [Norm. meignal, meynal, from Brown. MEPH'ITISM, ™ ious exhalations front
meignee or meiny, a family. The Norm. MEN’STRUUM, n. plu. menstruwms. [from dissolving substances, filth or other source ;
has also mesnie and mesnee, a family, L. mensis, month. The use of this word also, carbonic acid gas. Med. Repos.
household or company, and meinez, many. is supposed to have originated in some no- |MERCANTAN’TE, n. [It. mercatante.] A
Qu. the root of maison, messuage, or of tion of the old chimists, about the influ- foreign trader. [Vol in use.] Shak.
many.| ence of the moon in the preparation of
. Pertaining to servants, or domestic ser- dissolvents. Johnson.|
MER’€ANTILE, a. [It. and Fr. from L.
vants ; low; mean. area mercor, to buy ; Port. Sp. mercan-
A dissolvent or solvent ; any fluid or subtil- til.
The women attendants perform only the most ized substance which dissolves a_ solid
menial offices. Swift. 1. Trading ; commercial ; carrying on com-
body. merce ; as mercantile nations; the mercan-
{Johnson observes on this passage, that All liquors are called menstruwms which are
used as dissolvents, or to extract the virtues of tile class of men.
Swift seems not to have known the mean-
ing of this word. But this is the only ingredients by infusion or decoction. Quincy. 2. Pertaining or relating to commerce or
Inquire what is the proper menstruwm to dis- trade ; as mercantile business.
sense in which it is now used.]
w . Belonging to the retinue or train of ser- solve a metal. Bacon. MER’€AT, n. [L. mercatus.] Market ;
trade. [Nol in use.] Sprat.
vants. Johnson. MENSURABIL'ITY, n. [from mensurable.]
Two menial dogs before their master pressed. Capacity of being measured. MER'CENARILY, adv. In a mercenary
Dryden. MEN’SURABLE, a. [L. mensura, measure. manner. Spectator.
{If this definition of Johnson is correct, The n is probably casual, and the word is! MER’CENARINESS, n. [from mercenary.]
it indicates that menial is from meinez, ma- the same as measurable. | Venality ; regard to hire or reward.
ny, rather than from mesnie, family. But Measurable ; capable of being measured. Boyle.
the sense may be house-dogs.] Holder. IMER/CENARY, a. [Fr. mercenaire ; L.
ME‘NIAL, n. A domestic servant. MEN’SURAL, a. Pertaining to measure. mercenarius, from merces, reward, wages ;
MEN’ILITE, n. A mineral substance found MEN’SURATE, v. t. [L. mensura, measure.]| mercor, to buy.]}
at Menil Montant near Paris, of the nature To measure. [Little used.] 1. Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by
of silex, of a brown liver color on the in- the hope of reward ; moved by the love of
MENSURA’TION, n. The act, process or money ; as a mercenary prince or judge.
terior, and ordinarily ofa clear blue on the art of measuring, or taking the dimensions 2. Hired; purchased by money ; as merce-
surface. Itis found in the shape of the of any thing.
kidneys, of the size of the hand or larger; nary services ; mercenary soldiers.
2. Measure ; the result of measuring. 3. Sold for money ; as mercenary blood.
sometimes in globules of the size of a nut. Arbuthnot.
Dict. Nat. Hist. ‘MEN’TAL, a. [It. mentale ; Fr. mental; Shak.
MENIS’€US, n. plu. meniscuses. [Gr. unvioxos, 4. Greedy of gain; mean; selfish; asa mer-
a little moon.] | from L. mens, mind.] cenary disposition.
Pertaining to the mind; intellectual; as 5. Contracted from motives of gain; as a
A lens convex on one side, and concave on/| mental faculties ;mental operations ; ment-
the other. Encye. mercenary marriage.
al sight; mental taste. Milton. Addison. MER’‘CENARY, x. One who is hired; a
MENISPERM’ATE, n. A compound o MEN’TALLY, adv. Intellectually ; in the soldier that is hired into foreign service;
menispermic acid and a salifiable base. mind; in thought or meditation ; in idea. a hireling.
MENISPERM'I€, a. The menispermic acid Bentley. MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier ; It. merciaio ;
is obtained from the seeds of the meni- ‘MEN‘TION, n. [Fr. from L. mentio, from| from L. merx, wares, cominodities.]
spermum cocculus. Ure. | Gr. wreca, from praw, to put in mind; It. One who deals in silks. Howel.
MEN’IVER, n. A small white animal in menzione ; Sp. mencion ; Port. mencao;) MER’/CERSHIP, n. The business of a mer-
Russia, or its fur which is very fine. allied probably to L. moneo and mind. Men- cer.
Chaucer. tion is a throwing out.] IMER'CERY, a. [Fr. mercerie; It. merceria.}
 MER e
MER MER
‘The commodities or goods in which a mer- MER€CU’RIALIST, n. One under the influ-| It implies benevolence, tenderness, mild-
cer deals ; trade of mercers. Graunt. ence of Mercury, or one resembling Mer- ness, pity or compassion, and clemency,
MER/CHAND, v. i. [Fr. marchander.| To cury in variety of character. but exercised only towards offenders.
trade. [JVot used.] Bacon. MEREU‘RIATEH, xn. A combination of the Mercy is a distinguishing attribute of the
MER/CHANDISE, n. [Fr. from marchand, oxyd of mercury with another substance. Supreme Being.
a merchant, or marchander, to cheapen.] Mercurie acid, a saturated combination of The Lord is long-suffering and of great mercy,
1. The objects of commerce ; wares, goods, mercury and oxygen. forgiving iniquity and transgression, and by no
commodities, whatever is usually bought MERCURIFICA’TION, n. In metallurgic means clearing the guilty. Num. xiv.
or sold in trade. But provisions daily sold chimistry, the process or operation of ob- 2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. It
in market, horses, cattle, and fuel are not taining the mercury from metallic mine- is a mercy that they escaped.
rals in its fluid form. Encye. lam not worthy of the least of all thy mer-
usually included in the term, and real es- cies. Gen. xxxii.
tate never. 2. The act of mixing with quicksilver.
2. Trade ; traflfick ;commerce. Shak. Boyle. . Pity ; compassion manifested towards a
person in distress.
MER’CHANDISE, v. 7. To trade ; to carry MEREURIFY, v. ¢. To obtain mercury
on commerce. from metallic minerals, which it is said And he said, he that showed mercy on him.
may be done by a large lens, the intense Luke x.
MER/CHANDRY, n. Trade ; commerce.
[.Vot in use.| Saunderson. heat of which expels the mercury in fumes, . Clemency and bounty.
which are afterwards condensed. Mercy and truth preserve the king ; and his
MER/CHANT, n. [Fr. marchand ; It. mer- throne is upheld by mercy. Prov. xxviii.
cante ; Sp. merchante ; Arm. marchadour ; Encye.
MER’€URY, n. [L. Mercurius. In my- . Charity, or the duties of charity and be-
from L. mercor, to buy-] nevolence.
. Aman who trafficks or carries on trade thology, Mercury is the god of eloquence I will have mercy and not sacrifice. Matt.
with foreign countries, or who exports and of commerce, called by the Greeks ix,
and imports goods and sells them by Hermes, and his name is said to be form- Grace ; favor. 1 Cor. vii. Jude 2.
wholesale. ed from merces, or mercor. But in antiqui- Eternal life, the fruit ofmercy. 2 Tim. i.
9. In popular usage, any trader, or one who ty, there were several persons or deities off8. Pardon.
deals in the purchase and sale of goods. this name.] I ery thee mercy with all my heart.
3. A ship in trade. [.Vot used.] Hl1. Quicksilver, a metal remarkable for its Dryden.
MER/CHANT,v. 7. 'To trade. [Not in use.] fusibility, which is so great that to fix or 9: The act of sparing, or the forbearance of
MER/CHANTABLE, a. Fit for market ; congeal it, requires a degree of cold which a violent act expected. The prisoner cri-
such as is usually sold in market, or such is marked on Fahrenheit’s scale at thirty ed for mercy.
as will bring the ordinary price ; as mer- nine degrees below zero. Its specific To be or to he at the mercy of, to have no
chantable wheat or timber. gravity is greater than that of any other means of self-defense, but to be dependent
MER/CHANTLIKE, a. Like a merchant. metal, except platina, "gold and tungsten. for safety on the mercy or compassion of
MER/CHANTMAN, n. A ship or vessel Under a heat of 660 degrees, it rises in another, or in the power of that which is
employed in the transportation of goods, fumes and is gradually converted into a irresistible ; as, to be at the mercy of a foe,
as distinguished from a ship of war. red oxyd. Mercury is used in barometers or of the waves.
MER’CIABLE, a. Merciful. [ot in use.] to ascertain the weight of the atmosphere, MER/CY-SEAT, n. The propitiatory ; the
Gower. and in thermometers to determine the covering of the ark of the covenant among
MER‘CIFUL, a. [from mercy.] Having or temperature of the air, for which purposes the Jews. This was ofgold, and its ends
exercising mercy ; compassionate ; tender ; it is well adapted by its expansibility, and were fixed to two cherubs, whose wings
disposed to pity offenders and to forgive the extensive range between its freezing extended forward, and formed a kind of
their offenses ; unwilling to punish for in- and boiling points. Preparations of this throne for the majesty of God, who is rep-
juries ; applied appropriately to the Supreme metal are among the most powerful pois- resented in Scripture as sitting between
Being. ons, and are extensively used as medi- the cherubs. It was from this seat that
The Lord passed before him and proclaimed, cines. The preparation called calomel, is God gave his oracles to Moses, or to the
the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, a most efficacious deobstruent. high priest who consulted him. — Calmet.
long-suffering and abundant in goodness and 2. Heat of constitutional temperament ; MERD, n. [Fr. merde ; L. merda.] Ordure ;
truth. Ex. xxxiv. spirit ; sprightly qualities. Pope. dung. Burton.
2. Compassionate ; tender ;unwilling to give 3. A genus of plants, the Mercurialis, of sey-
MERE, a. [L. merus ; It. mero.] This or that
pain: not cruel. A merciful man will be eral species. only ; distinct from any thing else.
merciful to his beast. 4. One of the planets nearest the sun. It is From mere success nothing can be concluded
MER’CIFULLY, adv. With compassion or 3224 miles in diameter, and revolves round in favor of a nation. Atterbury.
pity ; tenderly ; mildly. the sun in about 88 days. Its mean dis-
MER/CIFULNESS, n. 'Tenderness towards What if the head, the eye or ear repin’d
tance from the sun is thirty seven millions To serve mere engines to the ruling mind ?
offenders ; willingness to forbear punish- of miles. Pope.
ment ; readiness to forgive. Hammond.||5, The name of a newspaper or periodical 2. Absolute ; entire. Spenser.
MER’CIFY, v. t. To pity. [Not in use.] publication, and in some places, the car-
Spenser. MERE, vn. [Sax. mere or mere, a pool,
rier of anewspaper or pamphlet.
MER/CILESS, a. Destitute of mercy ; un- MER’€URY, v. t. To wash with a prepara- lake or the sea; D. meir; L. mare. See
feeling; pitiless; lard-hearted ; cruel; as tion of mercury. B. Jonson. Moor.|
a merciless tyrant. Dryden. MERCY, n. [Fr. merci ;Norm. merce, meer A poolor lake.
2, Not sparing; as the merciless waves or MERE, n. [Sax. mera, gemera ; Gr. metpa,
or mers; supposed to be a contraction of] to divide, or Russ. miryu, to measure. ]
tempest.
MER/CILESSLY, adv. In a manner void of| L. misericordia. But qu. Eth. Pih2Z A boundary ; used chiefly in the compound,
mercy or pity ; cruelly. meher, to pity.] mere-stone. Bacon.
MER/CILESSNESS, n. Want of mercy or ue That benevolence, mildness or tenderness MERE, v. t. To divide, limit or bound. Obs.
pity. of heart which disposes a person to over- h Spenser.
MERCU’RIAL, a. {from Mercury ;L.mercu- look injuries, or to treat an offender better ME’/RELY, adv. Purely ; only; solely ; thus
rialis. | than he deserves; the disposition that and no other way; for this and no other
. Formed under the influence of Mercury ; tempers justice, and induces an injured purpose.
active; sprightly ; full of fire or vigor ; as person to forgive trespasses and injuries, Prize not your life for other ends
a mercurial youth ; a mercurial nation. and to forbear punishment, or inflict less Than merely to oblige your friends. Swit.
Bacon. Swift. than law or justice will warrant. In this MERETRI’CIOUS, a. [L. meretricius, from
0 Pertaining to quicksilver; containing sense, there is perhaps no word in our lan- meretrix, a prostitute. |
quicksilver, or consisting of mercury 3 as guage precisely synonymous with mercy. 1. Pertaining to prostitutes; such as is prac-
mercurial preparations or medicines. \| That which comes nearest to it is grace. ticed by harlots ; as meretricious arts.
 MER MER MES
2. Alluring by false show ; worn for dis- 2. Position in the south ; aspect towards the A-marine animal, said to resemble a woman
guise ; having a gaudy but deceitful ap- south. Johnson. in the upper parts of the body, and a fish
pearance; false ; as meretricious dress or MERID‘IONALLY, adv. In the direction) in the lower part. ‘The male is called the
ornaments. of the meridian. Brown. merman.
MERETRI’CIOUSLY, adv. In the manner MERIT, n. [L. meritum, from mereo, to ME’ROPS, n. A genus of birds called bee-
of prostitutes ; with deceitful enticements. earn or deserve ; It. Sp. merito ; Fr. mer- eaters.
MERETRI’CIOUSNESS, n. The arts of ite. MERRILY, adv. [from merry.] With mirth ;
a prostitute ; deceitful enticements. 1. eee ; goodness or excellence which with gayety and laughter ; jovially. [See
MERGAN’‘SER, n. [Sp. mergansar, from entitles one to honor or reward ; worth 3 Mirth and Merry.)
L. mergo, to dive.] any performance or worth which claims Merrily sing and sport and play. Glanville.
A water fowl of the genus Mergus; called regard or compensation ; applied to morals, MER’RIMAKE, n. [merry and make.] A
also goosander. to excellence in writing, or to valuable ser-
meeting for mirth ; a festival; mirth.
MERGE, v. t. [L. mergo.] To immerse; vices of any kind. ‘Thus we speak of the
to cause to be swallowed up. inability of men to obtain salvation by their MER’RIMAKE, v. i. To be merry Spenser. or jo-
The plaintiff became the purchaser and merg- own merits. We speak of the merits of | vial; to feast.
ed his term in the fee. Kent. Gay.
an author ; the mervts ofa soldier, &c. MER’RIMENT, n. Mirth; gayety with
MERGE, v. 7. To be sunk, swallowed or 2. Value ; excellence ; applied to things; as
lost. Law Term. laughter or noise ;noisy sports ; hilarity ;
the merits of an essay or poem; the merits frolick. Milton.
MERG’ER, n. [L. mergo, to merge.] In of a painting; the merits of a heroic MER’RINESS,
_ law, a merging or drowning of a less es- 2. Mirth; gayety with
achievment. laughter. Shak.
tate in a greater ; as when a reversion in 3. Rewaid deserved ; that which is earned
fee simple descends to or is purchased by or merited.
a tenant of the same estate for years, the MER’RY, a. [Sax. mirige, myrig ;Ar. oe
Those laurel groves, the merits of thy youth.
term for years is merged, lost, annihilated Prior. to be joyful. Class Mr. No. 10.]
in the inheritance or fee simple estate. MER TT, v. é. [Fr. meriter; L. merito.] To jl. Gay and noisy; jovial; exhilarated to
Blackstone. desery 2; to earn by active service, or by! laughter.
MERID‘IAN, n. [Fr. meridien ; It. meridia- any valuable performance ; to have a right | Man is the merriest species of the creation.
no; L. meridies. Qu. Ir. mir, a part; Gr. to claim reward in money, regard, honor Addison.
uecpa, to divide. Varro testifies that this or happiness. Watts, by his writings, They drank and were merry with him. Gen.
word was originally medidies [mid-day,] merited the gratitude of the whole chris-|, | xiii.
and that he had seen it so written on a tian world. The faithful laborer merits his}, 2. Causing laughter or mirth ; asa merry
sun-dial.] wages. jest. Shak.
—_- In astronomy and geography, a great cir- A man at best is incapable of meriting any 3. Brisk; as a merry gale. [This is the pri-
cle supposed to be drawn or to pass thing from God. South. mary sense of the word.| Dryden.
through the poles of the earth, and the 2. To deserve ; to haveajust title to. Fidel- 4, Pleasant; agreeable ; delightful.
zenith and nadir of any given place, inter- ity merits and usually obtains confidence. Chaucer.
secting the equator at right angles, and 3. To deserve, in an illsense; to have a just |To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in
dividing the hemisphere into eastern and title to. Every violation of law merits hilarity ; to feast with mirth. Judges ix.
western. Every place on the globe has punishment. Every sin merits God’s dis- IMERRY-AN’/DREW, n. A buffoon; a za-
its meridian, and when the sun arrives at pleasure. | ny; one whose business is to make sport
this cirele, it is mid-day or noon, whence MER'ITABLE, a. Deserving of reward. for others. Spectator.
the name. This circle may be consider- Not in use.] B. Jonson. MER’/RY-MAKING, a. Producing mirth.
ed to be drawn on the surface of the MER‘ITED, pp. Earned ; deserved. Mirth, music, merry-making melody
earth, or it may be considered as a circle MERITING, ppr. Earning; deserving. Speed the light hours no more at Holyrood.
in the heavens coinciding with that on the MER ‘IT-MONGER, zn. One who advocates’ Hiillhouse.
earth. the doctrine of human merit, as entitled to MER/RY-MEETING, n. A festival ; a meet-
Mid-day; noon. reward, or depends on merit for salvation. ing for mirth. Bp. Taylor.
99
20 The highest point ; as the meridian of life ; Milner. MER’/RY-THOUGHT, xn. The forked bone
the meridian of power or of glory. MERITORIOUS, a. [It. meritorio; Fr. of a fowl’s breast, which boys and girls
~ The particular place or state, with regard meritoire. | break by pulling each one side ; the long-
to local circumstances or things that dis- Deserving of reward or of notice, regard, est part broken betokening priority of
tinguish it from others. We say, a book fame or happiness, or of that which shall marriage. Echard.
is adapted to the meridian of France or It- be a suitable return for services or excel-| MER’SION, n. [L. mersio, from mergo, to
aly ;a measure is adapted to the meri- lence of any kind. We applaud the merito- dive or sink.}
dian of London or Washington. rious services of the laborer, the soldier The act of sinking or plunging under wa-
Magnetic meridian, a great circle, parallel and the seaman. We admire the merito-| ter. But immersion is generally used.
with the direction of the magnetic needle, rious labors of aWatts, a Doddridge, a Ca-| |MESARA‘TE, a. [Gr. uesapacor ;weoos, mid-
and passing through its poles. rey and a Martyn. We rely for salvation’, dle, and apaca, intestines. ]
MERID‘TAN, a. Being on the meridian or at on the meritorious obedience and sufferings! |The same as mesenteric; pertaining to the
mid-day. of Christ. mesentery.
The sun sat high in his meridian tower. MERITO/RIOUSLY, adv. In such a man- |MESEE MS, verb impersonal. [me and seems.]
Milton. ner as to deserve reward. Wotton. Itseems tome. It is used also in the past
2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day ; MERITO’RIOUSNESS, n. The state or tense, meseemed. Spenser.
as the sun’s meridian heat or splendor. quality of deserving a reward or suitable MESENTER’TE, a. [See Mesentery.| Per-
3. Pertaining to the highest point; as, the! }if return.
taining to the mesentery; as mesenteric
hero enjoyed his meridian glory. |
MERITORY, a. Deserving of reward. glands or arteries.
1. Pertaining to the magnetic meridian. [.Vot used.| Gower. MES‘ENTERY, n. [Gr. peoerzepcoy; [leaos,
MERID'IONAL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to MERLE, n. [L. merula.] A blackbird. middle, and evtepor, intestine.]
the meridian. ~ Drayton. A fatty membrane placed in the middle of
2. Southern. Brown. MER’LIN, xn. [Fr.] A species of hawk of; |
3. Southerly ;having a southern aspect. the intestines, and to which they are at-
the genus Falco. tached. This prevents them from becom-
Wotton. MER’LON, n. [It. merlo; Fr. merlon.] In ing entangled with each other by conyo-
Meridional distance is the departure from the fortification, that part of a parapet which
meridian, or easting or westing. lutions. It is formed by a duplicature of
lies between two embrasures. Encyc. the peritoneum. Encyc. Quincy.
MERIDIONAL ‘TY, n. The state of being MER’‘MAID, n. [Fr. mer, L. mare, the sea, (MESH, n. [W. masg, net-work, a mesh;
in the meridian. and maid.|
i maas ; G. masche, a mesh or a stitch.]
Vol. II. 15
 MES M E T MET
1. The opening or space between the threads|\4. A number of persons who eat together ;|\In anatomy, the part of the hand between the
of anet. among seamen and soldiers. wrist and the fingers.
2. The grains or wash ofa brewery. MESS, v. i. To eat ; to feed. METACH’RONISM, nx. [Gr vera, beyond,
MESH, v. t. To catch in a net; to ensnare. 2. To associate at the same table; to eat in and xpovos, time.]
Drayton. company, as seamen. An error in chronology, by placing an event
MESH’Y, a. Formed like net-work; retic- 4MESS, v. ¢. To supply with a mess. after its real time.
ulated. Thomson. MES/SAGE, n. [Fr. from L. missus, mitto,||ME’TAGE, n. [from mete.] Measurement
MES'LIN, n. [from Fr. mesler, méler, to mix, to send; Sp. mensage.] of coal ; price of measuring.
or L. miscellaneus, from misceo, to mix.]} 1. Any notice, word or communication, writ-|METAGRAM/MATISM, n. [Gr. ueza, be-
A mixture of different sorts of grain; in ten or verbal, sent from one person to an- yond, and ypauua, a letter.)
America, a mixture of wheat and rye. other. We send a servant with a verball|Anagrammatism, or metagrammatism, is e
MESNE, a. meen. [Old Fr.] In law, mid- or written message. transposition of the letters of a name into
dle ; intervening ; as a mesne lord, that is, The welcome message made, was soon re- such a connection as to express some per-
a lord who holds land of a superior, but ceived. Dryden. fect sense applicable to the person named.
grants a part of it to another person. In 2. An official written communication of facts Camden.
this case, he is a tenant to the superior, or opinions sent by a chief magistrate to METAL, n. met'l. [Fr. from L. metallum;
but lord or superior to the second grantee, the two houses of a legislature or other Gr. perarro ; Sw. G. metall; D. metaal ;
and called the mesne lord. deliberative body. Congress receives a id.; Dan. metal; Sp. id.; It. metallo ; Ir.
Mesne process, that part of the proceedings message from the President of the United miotal ;W. mettel.]
in a suit which intervenes between the States at the opening ofthe session. The A simple, fixed, shining, opake body or sub-
original process or writ and the final is- Governors of some of the states commu- stance, insoluble in water, fusible by heat,
sue, and which issues, pending the suit, on nicate to the legislature by message, oth- a good conductor of heat and electricity,
some collateral matter; and sometimes it ers by address. capable when in the state of an oxyd, of
is understood to be the whole process pre- ‘3. An official verbal communication from uniting with acids and forming with them
ceding the execution. Blackstone. one branch of a legislature to the other. metallic salts. Many of the metals are al-
Mesne profits, the profits of an estate which MES/SAGER, ,i [Fr. messager ; It. mes- so malleable or extensible by the hammer,
accrue to a tenant in possession, after the MES’/SENGER, * sagguere ; Sp. mensage- and some of themextremely ductile. Me-
demise of the lessor. ro. ‘The correct orthography is messager. } tals are mostly fossil, sometimes found na-
MES/O€OLON, n. [Gr. pesos, middle, and 1. One who bears a message or an errand: tive or pure, but more generally combined
colon.| the bearer of a verbal or written commu- with other matter. Some metals are more
In anatomy, that part of the mesentery, nication, notice or invitation from one per- malleable than others, and this circum-
which, having reached the extremity of the son to another, or to a public body ; one stance gave rise to the distinction of met-
ileum, contracts and changes its name, or who conveys dispatches from one prince als and semi-metals; a distinction little re-
that part of the mesentery to which the or court to another. garded at the present day. Recent discov-
colon is attached. Encyc. Hooper. 2. A harbinger; a forerunner; he or that eries have enlarged the list of the metals,
MESOLEU'‘CYS, n. [Gr. ueoos, middle, and which foreshows. and the whole number now recognized is
aevxos, white. | Yon gray lines thirty, exclusive of those which have been
A precious stone with a streak of white in | That fret the clouds, are messengers of day.
Shak.
recently discovered, as the bases of the
the middle. Dict. | earths and alkalies. Twelve of these are
MES’/OLITE, n. A mineral ef the zeolite MESSI/AH, n. [Heb. mwn, anointed.] malleable, viz. platina, gold, silver, mereu-
family. Christ, the anointed ; the Savior of the ry, lead, copper, tin, iron, zink, palladium,
MESOLOG/ARITHM, n. [Gr. ueoos, mid- world. nickel, andcadmium. The following six-
dle, and logarithm.| I know that when Messiah cometh, who is teen are not sufficiently tenacious to bear
A logarithm ofthe co-sines and co-tangents. called Christ, he will tell us all things. Jesus extension by beating, viz. arsenic, antimo-
Kepler. Harris. answered her, I that speak to thee am he. John ny, bismuth, cobalt, manganese, tellurium,
The former is called by Napier an anti- iv. titanium, columbium, molybden, tungsten,
Jogarithm, the latter a differential. MESSI’AHSHIP, n. The character, state chrome, osmium, iridium, rhodium, ura-
Encyce. or office of the Savior. nium, and cerium. Encye. Nicholson.
MESOM’ELAS, n. [Gr. peoos, middle, and Josephus—whose prejudices were against the Thomson. Phillips. Ure.
menas, black.] Messiahship and religion of Jesus. To these may be added potassium, so-
A precious stone with a black vein parting Buckminster. dium, barium, strontium, caleium, and
every color in the midst. MES’SIEURS, xn. [plu. of monsieur, my lithium. Henry.
MES/OTYPE, x. (Gr. «ecos, middle, and) lord.| Sirs; gentlemen. The following have not been exhibited
turtos, form, type.] MESS’-MATE, n. An associate in eating ; in aseparate form; magnesium, glucinum,
Prismatic zeolite; a mineral divided into one who eats ordinarily at the same ta- yttrium, aluminum, thorinum, zirconium,
three subspecies, fibrous zeolite, natrolite, ble. and silicium.
and mealy zeolite. This is said by some MESS‘UAGE, n. [from Old Fr. meson, mes- 2 Courage; spirit; so written by mistake
writers to be so named from its property, | onage, a house or house-room ; mesuenges, for mettle.
when transparent, of doubling images.| household. The French now write mai- METALEP’SIS, n. [Gr. peraaryzocs, partici-
Others say it is a mean form between stil- son.] pation ; wera, beyond, and Aaubarve, to
bite and analcime. | In law, a dwelling house and adjoining land, take.]
Dict. Jameson. Phillips. appropriated to the use of the household, In rhetoric, the continuation of a trope in
MESPRISE, n. Contempt; a French word.| including the adjacent buildings. Encyc. one word through a succession of signifi-
[Vot in use.) MET, pret. and pp. of meet. cations, or the union of two or more tropes
MESS, n. [In Fr. mets is a mess of meat,| IMETAB/ASIS, n. [Gr. from pera, beyond, of a different kind in one word, so that
perhaps meat. In Goth. mes is a dish, Ir! and Bawa, to go.] several gradations or intervening senses
meis. In Sax. mese is atable, Sp. mesa, In rhetoric, transition :a passing from one come between the word expressed and the
L. mensa. But mets, mess, is probably a| thing to another. thing intended by it; as “in one Cesar
different word.] METAB/OLA, n. [Gr. “ez, beyond, and there are many Mariuses.” Here Mari-
1. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or! Boan, a casting.} us, by a synecdoche or antonomasy, is put
seton a table at one time; as a mess of In medicine, a change of air, time or disease. for any ambitious, turbulent man, and this,
pottage ; a mess of herbs; a mess of broth. } [Little used.} Dict. by a metonymy of the cause, for the ill
Milton. Pope. METACARPAL, a. [from metacarpus.] effects of such a temper to the public.
2, A medley; a mixed mass; a quantity. Belonging to the metacarpus. Bailey. Encye-
3. As much provender or grain as is given to META€ARP'US, n. [Gr. wetaxapmioy ;mera, METALEP’TIEC, a. Pertaining to a metsa-
a beast at once. beyond, and xapzos, the wrist.] lepsis or participation ; translative.
 MET MET MET
2. Transverse; as the metaleptic motion ofa morphosis of an insect from the aurelia or theodicy, treats of the existence of God,
muscle. Bailey. chrysalis state into a winged animal. his essence and attributes. These divis-
METALEP’TI€ALLY, adv. By transposi- 2. Any change of form or shape. ions of the sciencé of metaphysics, which
tion. a METAMORPHOS’TICAL, a. Pertaining prevailed in the ancient schools, are now
METALLIC, a. [L. metallicus.] Pertaining to or effected by metamorphosis. — Pope. not much regarded. ‘The natural division
to a metal or metals; consisting of metal ; MET’APHOR, n. (Gr. wezapopa, from meta- of things that exist is into body and
partaking of the nature of metals; like a pepo, to transfer; meta, over, and pépa, to’ mind, things material and immaterial.
metal; as a metallic substance ; metallic carry.] The former belong to physics, and the lat-
ore ; metallic brightness. ‘A short similitude; a similitude reduced toa ter to the science of metaphysics. Encyc.
METALLIF’EROUS, a. [L. metallum, me- single word ; or a word expressing simili- MET’APLASM, n. [Gr. usramaasuos, trans-
tal, and fero, to produce.] Producing tude without the signs of comparison. formation ; we7a, over, and 22000, to form. }
metals. Kirwan. Thus “that man is a fux,” isa metaphor ; In grammar, a transmutation or change made
METAL’LIFORM, a. Having the form o but “that man is like a fox,” is a similitude in a word by transposing or retrenching a
metals; like metal. Kirwan. or comparison. So when I say, “the sol- syllable or letter.
MET’ALLINE, a. Pertaining to a metal; diers were lions in combat,” I use a meta- METAS’TASIS, n. [Gr. werasraccs, muta-
consisting of metal. ; phor; but when I say, “the soldiers tion ; «eva, over, and cornu, to place. ]
2. Impreguated with metal; as metalline fought like lions,” I use a similitude. In A translation or removal of a disease from
water. Bacon. metaphor, the similitude is contained in the one part to another, or such an alteration
MET’AULIST, x. A worker in metals, or name; a man isa fox, means, a man is as) as is succeeded by a solution.
one skilled in metals. Moxon. crafty as a fox. So we say, a man bridles Core. Encyc.
METALLIZA’TION, n. The act or pro- his anger, that is, restrains it as a bridle METATAR/SAL, a. [from metatarsus.]
cess of forming into a metal; the opera- restrains a horse. Beauty awakens love Belonging to the metatarsus. ;
tion which gives to a substance its proper or tender passions ; opposition fires courage. METATAR’SUS, n. (Gr. ueva, beyond, and
metallic properties. Encyc. Dict. METAPHOR‘IE, Pertaining to met- tapoos, tarsus.] The middle ofthe foot, or
MET’ALLIZE, v.t. To form into metal;)METAPHOR ‘ICAL, f* aphor; compris- part between the ankle and the toes.
to give to a substance its proper metallic | inga metaphor ; not literal ; as a metaphori- Coxe.
properties. Dict. cal use of words} a metaphorical express- METATH’ESIS, n. [Gr. peradeos; pera,
METALLOG/RAPHY, nm. [Gr. weranrov,| ion ; a metaphorical sense. over, and rc9yuc, to set.]
metal, and ypapy, description.} An ac- METAPHOR‘TCALLY, adv. In a meta- 1. Transposition ; a figure by which the let-
count of metals, or a treatise on metallic phorical manner ; not literally. ters or syllables of aword are transposed ;
substances. Dict. (MET’APHORIST, n». One that makes as pistris for pristis. Encye.
MET’ALLOID, n. [metal, and Gr. £80s.} metaphors. Pope. 2. In medicine, a change or removal of a
A name sometimes applied to the metallic MET’APHRASE, n. [Gr.uerappaccs ;mera, morbid cause, without expulsion.
bases ofthe alkalies and earths. over, according to or with, and ¢paccs, Coxe. Encyc.
METALLOID’/AL, a. Having the form or phrase.| METE, v. t. [Sax. metan, ametan, gemetan ;
appearance ofa metal. A verbal translation; a version or transla- D. mecten; G. messen; Sw. mata; Sp.
MET’ALLURGI€, a. [See Metallurgy.) tion of one language into another, word medir; L. metior; Gr. wstpsea; W. mei-
Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art of for word. Dryden. draw; Ch. and Heb. 3797, to measure ; Ar.
working metals. MET’APHRAST, n. A person who trans-
MET’ALLURGIST, x. One whose occu-|| lates from one language into another, word A+ madda, to extend. See Measure,
pation is to work metals, or to purify, re- for word. Encyc.
fine and prepare metals for use. METAPHRAS’TIE, a. Close or literal in and Class Md. No. 2.]
MET’ALLURGY, x. [Gr. perararov, metal, translation. To measure ; to ascertain quantity, dimen-
and epyor, work. } METAPHYS ‘Te, {See Meta- sions or capacity by any rule or standard.
a. sas 2.
The art of working metals, comprehending METAPHYS‘TI€AL, physics.) [Obsolescent.]
the whole process of separating them from 1. Pertaining or relating to metaphysics. METE, n. [Sax. mitta.] Measure; limit;
other matters in the ore, smelting, refin- 2. According to rules or principles of meta- boundary ; used chiefly in the plural, in
ing and parting them. Gilding is also a physies ; as metaphysical reasoning. the phrase, metes and bounds.
branch of metallurgy. But in a more 3. Preternatural or supernatural. [ot METEMP’SY€HOSE, v. t. To translate
limited and usual sense, metallurgy is the used.} Shak. from one body to another, as the soul.
operation of separating metals from their METAPHYSTECALLY, adv. In the man-
ores. Encye. ner of metaphysical science. METEMPSY€CHO'SIS, n. [Gr. weteuduyo-
The French include in metallurgy the art of; METAPHYSI’CIAN, n. s as z. One who os; werta, beyond, and pvywos, animation,
drawing metals from the earth. Dict. is versed in the science of metaphysics. life ;Jwxow, to animate. |
MET’/ALMAN, n. A worker in metals; a METAPHYS‘IE€S, n. s as z. (Gr. wera, af- Transmigration; the passing of the soul of
coppersmith or tinman. ter, and @voxy, physics. It is said that thisaman after death into some other animal
METAMORPH Te, [See Metamor- name was given to the science by Aris- body. Pythagoras and his followers held
METAMORPHWOSIE, §% phose.] Chang- totle or his followers, who considered the that after death the souls of men pass in-
ing the form; transforming. science of natural bodies, physics, as the to other bodies, and this doctrine still pre-
METAMORPH OSE, v. t. [Gr. wevamoppoe ; first in the order of studies, and the sci- vails in some parts of Asia, particularly in
peta, over, beyond, and woppy, form.] To ence of mind or intelligence to be the India and China. Encyc.
change into a different form; to trans- second.] METEMP’TOSIS, n. [Gr. wera, afier, and
form ; particularly, to change the form of The science of the principles and causes of, unre, to fall.]
insects, as from the larva to a winged all things existing ;hence, the science of In chronology, the solar equation necessary
animal. The ancients pretended that Ju- mind or intelligence. This science com- to prevent the new moon from happening
piter was metamorphosed into a bull, and prehends ontology, or the science which a day too late, or the suppression of the
Lycaon into a wolf. treats of the nature, essence, and quali- bissextile once in 134 years. The oppo-
And earth was metamorphosed into man. ties or attributes of being ; cosmology, the site to this is the proemptosis, or the addi-
Dryden. science of the world, which treats of the tion of a day every 300 years, and another
METAMORPH’/OSER, n. One that trans- nature and laws of matter and of motion; every 2400 years. Encye.
forms or changes the shape. anthroposophy, which treats of the powers ME’TEOR, n. [Gr. «szeapos, sublime, lofty.]
METAMORPH’OSING, ppr. Changing the of man, and the motions by which life is 1. In @ general sense, a body that flies or
shape. produced ; psychology, which treats of the floats in the air, and in this sense it in-
METAMORPHOSIS, n. Change of form intellectual soul; preumatology, or the sci- cludes rain, hail, snow, &c. But ina re-
or shape ; transformation ; particularly, a ence of spirits or angels, &c. Metaphysic- stricted sense, in which it is commonly
change in the form of being ; as the meta- al theology, called by Leibnitz and others! understood,
 MET MET MET
2. A French measure of length, equal #1\3. A physician who practices by method or
2. A fiery or luminous body or appearance theory. Boyle.
flying or floating in the atmosphere, or 1n 39,345 English inches, the standard o 4. In the cant of irreligious men, a person of
a more elevated region. We give this linear measure, being the ten millionth part
strict piety ; one who lives in the exact ob-
name to the brilliant globes or masses of| of the distance from the equator to the
servance of religious duties.
matter which are occasionally seen North Pole, as ascertained by actual meas- METHODIS’TIE€, a. Resembling the Meth-
moving rapidly through our atmosphere, urement of an arc of the meridian. odists; partaking of the strictness of
and which throw off, with loud explosions, Lunier. D. Olmsted.
Methodists. Ch. Obs.
fragments that reach the earth, and are ME’TEWAND, n. [mete and wand.] A
METHODIZE, ». t., Ta reduce to method ;
called falling stones. We call by the staff or rod of a certain length, used as a to dispose in due or er;to arrange ina
same name those fire balls which are usu- measure. [Obs.] Ascham.
convenient manner.
ally denominated falling stars, supposed to ME’TEYARD, n. [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, One who brings with him any observations
be owing to gelatinous matter inflated by staff or rod, used as a measure. Obs. he has made in yeading the poets, will find his
phosphureted hydrogen gas; also, the [We now use yard.] own reflections methodized and explained in
lights which appear over moist grounds METHEG'LIN, n. iy mezyglin, according the works of a good critic. Spectator.
and grave yards, called ignes fatur, which to Owen, from W. mezyg, a physician, METHOUGHT, pret. of methinks. It seem-
are ascribed to the same cause. and lyn, water; a medicinal liquor. But edtome;Ithought. Milton. Dryden.
And meteor-like flame lawless through the mez is mead, and mezu is to be strong or ME’TIE€, n. [Gr. petouxos; wera and oixos,
sky. Pope. house.] j
able.]
METEOR ‘I€, a. Pertaining to meteors; A liquor made of honey and water boiled In ancient Greece, a sojourner; a resident
consisting of meteors. } stranger in a Grecian city or place.
and fermented, often enriched with spices.
2. Proceeding from a meteor; as meteoric Encyc. Mitford.
stones. METHINKS, v. impers. pp. methought. METI€’ULOUS, a. [L. Feticulosus.] Timid.
ME’TEORIZE, v. i. To ascend in vapors. [me and think.] It seems to me; it ap- [Vot used. Coles.
[Not used.| Evelyn.
pears tome; I think. Me is here in the METON'I€ CYCLE, 2 the cytle of the
MET’EOROLITE, A meteoric stone ; dative. The word is not antiquated, but METON’I€ YEAR, , moon, or period
METEROLITE, §”° a stone or solid is not elegant. of nineteen years, in which the lunations
compound of earthy and metallic matter METHOD, n. [L. methodus ; Gr. meG0d0¢ ; of the moon return to the same days of
which falls to the earth after the displo- eta, with, and od0s, way.] the month; so called from its discoverer
sion of a luminous meteor or fire ball; 1. A suitable and convenient arrangement Meton the Athenian. Encyc. Baily.
called also aerolite. Cleaveland. of things, proceedings or ideas ; the natu- METONYM Ie, [See Metonymy.]
METEOROLOG‘I€, a, Pertaining to yal or regular disposition of separate METONYMIGAL, ¢@ Used by way of
METEOROLOGICAL, § ~* the atmos- things or parts; convenient order for metonymy, by putting one word for
phere and its phenomena. A meteorologic- transacting business, or for comprehend- another.
al table or register is an account of the ing any complicated subject. Without METONYMI€ALLY, adv. By putting one
state of the air and its temperature, method, business of any kind will fall into word for another.
weight, dryness or moisture, winds, &c. confusion. To carry on farming to ad- MET’ONYMY, x. [Gr. perarmca; mera,
ascertained by the barometer, thermome- vantage, to keep accounts correctly, over, beyond, and ovoua, name. |
ter, hygrometer, anemometer and other method is indispensable. In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put
meteorological instruments. 2, Way; manner. Let us know the na- for another; a change of names which
METEOROLOGIST, A person skilled ture of the disease, andthe method of cure. have some relation to each other; as
METEROLOGIST, en. in meteors ; one '3. Classification; arrangement of natural when we say, “aman keeps a good table,”
who studies the phenomena of meteors, or bodies according to their common charac- instead of good provisions. “We read
keeps a register of them. Howell. teristics; as the method of Theophrast; Virgil,” that is, his poeFs or writings.
the method of Ray; the Linnean method.
METEOROLOGY, n. [Gr. peveupos, lofty, In natural arrangements a distinction is “They have Moses and the prophets,” that
, and 2oyos, discourse.] The science which is, their books or writings. A man has a
sometimes made between method and clear head, that is, understanding, intel-
treats of the atmosphere and its phenome- system. System is an arrangement found-
na, particularly in its relation to heat and lect ;a warm heart, that is, affections.
ed, throughout all its parts, on some one METOPE, x. met/opy. (Gr. merornn; meta,
moisture. D. Olmsted. principle. Method is an arrangement less with, near or by, and omy, an aperture or
METEOROMWANCY, [Gr. wetewpoy, a fixed and determinate, and founded on hollow. }
METEROM’ANCY, en. meteor, and wav- more general relations. Thus we say, In architecture, the space between the tri-
zeus, divination. | the natural method, and the artificial or glyphs of the Doric frieze, which among
A species of divination by meteors, chiefly sexual system of Linne, though the latter the ancients used to be painted or adorned
by thunder and lightning ; held in high es- is not a perfect system. Ed. Encye. with carved work. Encyc.
timation by the Romans. Encyc. METHOD 'I¢, Arranged in conven- METOPOS’€OPIST, n. finfra.] One vers-
METEOROS’COPY, n. [Gr. uezewpos, lofty, METHOD‘I€AL, §““ient order; disposed ed in physiognomy.
and oxoztca, to view.] in a just and natural manner, or in a man- METOPOS’€COPY, n. [Gr. werozov, the
That part of astronomy which treats of sub- ner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate forehead, and oxortew, to view.]
lime heavenly bodies, distanee of stars,} practical operations; as a methodical ar- The study of physiognomy; the art of dis-
&e. Bailey. rangement of the parts of a discourse or covering ‘the character or the dispositions
METE/OROUS, a. Having the nature of a of arguments; a methodical treatise ; me- of men by their features, or the lines of
meteor. Milton. thodical accounts. the face. Encye.
ME’TER, 2. [from mete.] One who meas- METHODICALLY, adv. In a methodical METRE. [See Meter.)
ures ; used in compounds, as in coal-meter, manner ; according to natural or conven- MET’RIC€AL, a. [L. metricus ; Fr. metrique.]
land-meter. ient order. 1. Pertaining to measure, or due arrange-
ME/TER, n. (Sax. meter; Fr. metre; L. METH/ODISM, n. The doctrines and wor- ment or combination of Jong and short
metrum ; Gr. werpor, from merpew.| | ship of the sect of Christians called Metho- syllables.
dists. 2. Consisting of verses; as metrical composi-
1. Measure; yerse ;arrangement ofpoetical
feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. METH/ODIST, n. One that observes tions.
Hexameter isa meter of six feet. This method. METROL/OGY, n. [Gr. wetpor, measures
word is most improperly written metre. 2, One of asect of christians, founded by] and oyos, discourse. }
How very absurd to write the simple word Morgan, or rather by John Wesley, and 1. A discourse on measures or mensuration ;
in this manner, but in all its numerous so called from the exact regularity of their the description of measures.
compounds, meter, as in diameter, hexame- lives, and the strictness of their principles 2. An account of measures, or the science of
fer, thermometer, &c. and rules. weights and measures. J. Q. Adams-
 MEW MIC MIC
METROP’OLIS, x. [L. from Gr. uyrpon- mute letter, time of molting or shedding) MI€A’CEOUS, a. Pertaining to mica; re-
odes; entnp, mother, and oars, city. It has fethers, roost of a hawk; Port. mudar, to sembling mica or partaking of its proper-
no plural.| 5 change, to mew or cast fethers or aslough ; ties.
Literally, the mother-city, that is, the chie muda, a dumb woman, the mewing or MI€’/AREL, n. A species of argillaceous
city or capital of a kingdom, stateor coun- molting of birds. The W. mud, a mew, is earth; a mineral of a brownish or black-
try, as Paris in France, Madrid in Spain, also removal, a pass or move, a change of) ish red color, commonly crystalized in
London in Great Britain. In the United residence, and mute; and the verb mudaw rhomboidal prisms, or in prisms of six
States, Washington, in the District of Co- is to change, to remove, comprehending sides. Dict.
lumbia, is the metropolis, as being the seat the L. muto and moto. We have then clear MICE, plu. of mouse.
of government ; butin several of the states, evidence that mew, a cage, mew, to molt, MI’€HAELITE, n. A subvariety of silic-
the largest cities are not the seats of the and the L. muto, moto, and mutus, and eous sinter, found in the isle of St. Mi-
respective governments. Yet New York Eng. mutiny, ave all from one root. The chael. J. W. Webster.
city, in the state of that name, and Phila- primary sense is to press or drive, whence MI€H’/AELMAS, n. The feast of St. Mi-
delphia in Pennsylvania, are the chief cit- to move, to change, and to shut up, that is, chael, a festival of the Romish church,
ies, and may be called each the metropolis to press or drive close; and this is the celebrated Sept. 29; hence,
of the state in which it is situated, though sense of mute. Mutiny is from motion or 2. In colloquial language, autumn.
neither of them is the seat of government change. ] MICHE, v.7. [allied perhaps to Sw. maka,
in the state. To shed or cast; to change; to molt. The to withdraw; Sax. smugan, to creep.
METROPOL'ITAN, a. Belonging to a me- hawk mewed his fethers. Meeching or meaching, is still used by some
tropolis, or to the mother church; residing Nine times the moon had mew’d her horns— of our common people in the sense of
in the chief city. Dryden. mean, cowardly, retiring.|
METROPOL‘ITAN, n. The bishop of the MEW, v. 7. [W. mewian ; G. miauen ; coin- 1. To lie hid; to skulk; to retire or shrink
mother church ; an archbishop. ciding probably with L. mugio.] ‘To ery from view.
Clarendon. asa cat. 2. To pilfer. Obs. Shak.
METROP’OLITE, n. A metropolitan. [/Vot MEW, v. i. To change; to put on a new MICH’/ER, x. One who skulks, or creeps
used.| appearance. out of sight ; a thief. Obs.
METROPOL'ITIE€, Pertaining to MEW’'ING, ppr. Casting the fethers or skin; Chaucer. Sidney. Shak.
METROPOLITICAL, ¢* 4 metropolis; crying. MICHWERY, n. Theft; cheating. Obs.
chief or principal of cities; archiepisco- MEWL, »v. %. [Fr. miawer; It. miagolare; Gower.
pal. Knolles. Milner. Selden. Sp. maullar or mayar; coinciding in ele- MICHING, ppr. Retiring ; skulking ;creep-
METTLE, x. met/l. [usually supposed to be ments with L. mugio, to low; G. mucken ; ing ee sight; mean; cowardly. [Vul-
corrupted from metal. But it may be from Dan. mukker, to mutter; Gr. uxxaouar, to gar.
W. mezwl or methwl, mind, connected with bleat; Ir. meigiollam; W. migiaw.] To MICK’LE, a. [Sax. micel, mucel; Scot.
mezu, to be able, and coinciding with the ery or squall, as a child. hak myche, mekyl, muckle; Sw. mycken ; Sp.
root of the Eng. moody; D. moed, courage, MEWL’ER, n. One that squalls or mewls. mucho; Gr. weyas, weyaan. See Much.)
heart, spirit; G. muth, mind, courage,
mettle; Sax. Sw. mod; Dan. mod or mood ; MEZE/REON, n. A plant of the ‘genus Much; great. (Obsolete, butretained in the
Daphne ; the spurge olive. Encyc. Scottish language.]
Goth. mod, angry. The Sax. modig, L. MI'€O, n. A beautiful species of monkey.
animus, animosus, furnish an analogy in MEZZO, in music, denotes middle, mean.
point. The radical sense of mind, is to MEZZORELIE’VO, n. [It. mezzorilievo.} MI€’/ROCOSM, n. [Gr. wexpos, small, and
advance, to push forward, whence the) Middle relief. xosqos, world.]
sense of briskness, ardor.] MEZZOTINT’O, n. [It. mezzo, middle, half, Literally, the little world; but used for man,
Spirit ; constitutional ardor; that tempera- and tinto, L. tinctus, painted. } supposed to be an epitome of the universe
ment which is susceptible of high excite-|| A particular manner of engraving or repre- or great world. Swift. Encye.
ment. JItis not synonymous with couwr- i sentation of figures on copper, in imitation Microcosmic salt, a triple salt of soda, ammo-
age, though it may be accompanied with) of painting in Indian ink. To perform nia and phosphorie acid, obtained from
it, and is sometimes used for it. this the plate is scratched and furrowed urine. Ure.
The winged courser, like a generous horse, in different directions; the design is then MI€CROCOS'MICAL, a. Pertaining to the
Shows most true mettle when you check his) drawn on the face, then the dents and fur- microcosm.
course. Pope. rows are erased from the parts where the MI€ROCOUS'TIE, xn. (Gr. ucxpos, small,
MET’TLED, a. High spirited; ardent; full lights of the piece are to be; the parts and axove, to hear.]
of fire. Pope. which are to represent shades being left. An instrument to augment small sounds, and
MET’TLESOME, a. Full of spirit; pos- Encyce. assist in hearing.
sessing constitutional ardor; brisk; fiery; | MI/ASM, (Gr. from pra, to pollute.] MI€ROG/RAPHY, xn. [Gr. txpos, small,
as a mettlesome horse. Tatler. MIAS’MA, §”* Infecting substances float-| and ypapa, to describe. |]
MET’TLESOMENESS, n. The state of ing in theair; the effluvia or fine particles} The description of objects too small to be
being high spirited. of any putrefying bodies, rising and float- discerned without the aid of amicroscope.
MEW, vn. [Sax. mew; Dan. maage; D.| ing in the atmosphere, and considered to} Encyc. Grew.
meeuw ; G. mewe; Fr. mouette.| A sea- be noxious to health. |MICROMWETER, n. [Gr. pexpos, small, and
fowl of the genus Larus; a gull. MIASMAT‘I€, a. Pertaining to miasma; Merpov, measure. ]
MEW, 2. [Fr. mue; Arm. muz; W. mud, a partaking of the qualities of noxious efflu-) An instrument for measuring small objects
mew and mute; D. muite. See the verb to via. or spaces, by the help of which, the appa-
mew, to shed fethers.] MICA, n. [L. mica, a grain orparticle ;mico, rent magnitude of objects viewed through
A cage for birds; an inclosure; a place of) to shine.] the microscope or telescope, is measured
confinement. A mineral ofa foliated structure, consisting with great exactness. Encye.
MEW, v.t. [from the noun.] To shut up: of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a MI€’ROPHONE, n. [Gr. ucxpos, small, and
to inclose; to confine, as in a cage or other shining surface. The scales are some- parm, sound.)
inclosure. times parallel, sometimes interwoven, |An instrument to augment small sounds; a
More pity that the eagle should be mew’d. sometimes wavy or undulated, sometimes microcoustic. Bailey.
Shak. representing filaments. It is called also MI¢’ROSCOPE, x. [Gr. uexpos, small, and
Close mew’d in their sedans, for fear of air. talck, glimmer, muscovy-glass, and glist. oxortew, to view. |
Dryden. Nicholson. Encye.) An optical instrument consisting of lenses
MEW, v. t. [W. miw, a shedding of fethers ;Jameson subdivides mica into ten subspe- or mirrors, which magnify objects, and
It. mudare, to mew ; Fr. muer; Arm. muza ;| cies, viz. mica, pinite, lepidolite, chlorite, thus render visible minute objeets which
G. mausen ; D. muiten, to mew or molt, to! greenearth, talck, nacrite, potstone. stea-| cannot be seen by the naked eye, or en-
mutiny ; Sp. muda, change, alteration, a) tite and figure stone. Ure.\\ large the apparent magnitude of small visi-
 MID MID MIG
ble bodies, so as to enable us to examine dle-aged man is so called from the age of MIDST, adv. In the middle.
their texture or construction. thirty five or forty to forty five or fifty. On earth, join all ye creatures to extol
MICROSCOP'I€, Made by the aid MID/DLE-EARTH, n. (Sax. middan-eard.| Him first, Him last, Him midst, and without
end. Milton.
MICROSEOP'ICAL, ;@ of a microscope ; The world. Obs. Shak.
as microscopic observation. Arbuthnot. MID/DLEMOST, a. Being in the middle, or MID/STREAM, x. The middle of the
2. Assisted by a microscope. nearest the middle of a number of things stream. Dryden.
Evading even the microscopic eye. that are near the middle. Ifa thing is in MID/SUMMER, n. The middle of summer ;
Thomson. the summer solstice, about the 2st of
the middle, it cannot be more so, and in
3. Resembling a microscope; this sense the word is improper.
capable of| But June. Swift. Gay.
seeing small objects. when two or more things are near the MID‘WARD, adv. Midst. [Notin use.]
Why has not man a microscopic eye? Pope. middle, one may be nearer than another. MID/’WAY, n. The middle of the way or
4. Very small; visible only by the aid of a MID'DLING, a. [Sax. midlen.] Of middle distance.
microscope; as a microscopic insect. rank, state, size or quality ;about equally Paths indirect, or in the midway faint.
MI€ROSEOP'IEALLY, adv. By the micro- distant from the extremes; moderate. Milton.
scope; with minute inspection. Good. Thus we speak of people of the middling MID/WAY, a. Being in the middle of the
MICTURITION, x. [L. micturio.] The class or sort, neither high nor low; of a way or distance ; as the midway air.
act of making water, or passing the urine. man of middling capacity or understand- Shak.
Darwin. ing; aman of middling size; fruit of a MID’/WAY, adv. In the middle of the way
MID, a. [Sax. midd, midde ; L. medius ; W. middling quality. or distance ; half way. :
mid, an inclosure.} MIDGE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or She met his glance midway. Dryden.
1. Middle; at equal distance from extremes; flea. [Not used.] MID'WIFE, n. [supposed by Junius and
as the mid hour of night. Rowe. MID’-HEAVEN, n. The middle of the sky Skinner to be meedwife, a woman that has
2. Intervening. or heaven. Milton. a reward. This is probably a mistake.
No more the mounting larks, while Daphne MID’LAND, a. Being in the interior coun- The word is a compound of mid, with, and
sings, try; distant from the coast or sea shore ; wif, a woman; in analogy with the L. ob-
Shall, lifting in mid air, suspend their wings.) as midland towns or inhabitants. stetrix, from obsto, obstiti, to stand before.
Pope. Howell. Hale. The Dutch use vroedvrouw, a wise or skill-
MI'DA, n. [Gr. pedas.] A worm, or the bean- 2. Surrounded by the sea; mediterranean. ful woman. The Danish equivalent word is
fly. Chambers. And onthe midland sea the French had aw’d. iordemoder, earth-mother ; the Swedish,
MID/-AGE, n. The middle oflife, or persons Dryden. iord-gumma. The Spanish and Portu-
of that age. Sha \MID/LEG, n. Middle ofthe leg. Bacon.) guese word is comadre ;co for L. cum, with,
MID-cCOURS E, x. The middle of the course MID/MOST, a. Middle; as the midmost bat- and madre, mother, which is precisely
or way. Milton. analogous to midwife.)
tles. Dryden.
MID/-DAY, a. Being at noon; meridional :)\MID/NIGHT, n. The middle ofthe night; A aes that assists other women in child-
as the mid-day sun. Addison. twelve o’clock at night. irth.
MID/-DAY, x. The middle of the day ;|MID/NIGHT, a. Being inthe middle of the, MID/WIFE, v. i. To perform the office of
noon. Donne.) midwife.
| night; as midnight studies. Bacon.
MID'DEST, a. superl. of mid. d 2. Dark as midnight; very dark; as mid- MID‘WIFE, v. ¢. To assist in childbirth.
Among the middest crowd. [Vot used.] night gloom. MID/WIFERY, x. The art or practice of
Spenser.)
MID/RIFF, n. [Sax. midhrife ;mid and hrife, assisting women in childbirth; obstet-
MIDDLE, a. mid'l. [Sax. D. middel; G. rics.
the belly.]
mittel; Dan. middel; perhaps mid and In anatomy, the diaphragm; the niuscle} 2. Assistance at childbirth.
deel ;Sans. medhi and madhyam ; 1. me- which divides the trunk into two cavities, 3. Help or cooperation in production.
dius; Gr. pesos; It. mezzo; Sp. medio ;| the thorax and abdomen. Quincy. Stepney.
Port. mayo, mediano ; Ir. modham, muadh ; MID/SEA, n. The Mediterranean sea. MID/-WINTER, n. The middle of winter,
Fr. midi, moyen, [mitan, obs.;] Ch. pxn. Dryden. or the winter solstice, December 21. As
This word has the elements of the Sax. MID/SHIP, a. Being or belonging to the the severity of winter in North America
mid, D. mede, Sw. and Dan. mede, G. mit, middle of a ship; asa midship beam. falls in January and February, the word
with, Gr. weza, which is from the root of MID/SHIPMAN, n. In ships of war, a kind ordinarily denotes this period, or some
the English meet, which see. Qu. has not of naval cadet, whose business is to sec- weeks after the winter solstice.
the L. medius. in the phrase medius fidius, ond the orders of the superior officers and MIVEMITE, x. Granular miemite is a sub-
the sense of with or by; by or with my assist in the necessary business ofthe ship, variety of magnesian limestone, first found
faith. In W. mid signifies an inclosure, a particularly in managing the sails, that he at Miemo,in Tuscany. It occurs massive,
hem or list roundaplace. In Russ. mejdu may be trained to a knowledge of the ma-| or crystalized in flat, double, three-sided
signifies among. See Class Ms. No. 21.27.] chinery, discipline and operations ofships, pyramids. Its color is light green or
i . Equally distant from the extremes; as of war, and qualified for naval service. greenish white. Jameson. Cyc.
the middle point of a line or circle; the Mar. Dict. MIEN, z. [Fr. mine; Dan. Sw. id.; Arm.
middle station oflife. The middle path or MID/SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship; man; Corn. mein, the face ; Ice. mind, im-
course is most safe. properly amidships. age. See Man.]
2. Intermediate ; intervening. Look; air; manner; external appearance ;
MIDST, n. [contracted from middest, the carriage; as a lofty mien; a majestic
Will, seeking good, finds many middle ends.
Dawies. superlative of mid.] The middle. mien. Waller. Pope.
Middle ages, the ages or period of time about There is nothing said or done in the midst of
equally distant from the decline of the Ro- the play, which might not have been placed in MIFF, n. Aslight degree of resentment.
the beginning. Dryden. [Colloquial.]
man empire and the revival of letters in MIF’FED, a. Slightly offended. [In Norman
Europe, or from the eighth to the fifteenth The phrase, in the midst, often signifies in- French, mefet is offense or misdeed, and
century of the christian era. volved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by,
or in the thickest part, or in the depthsof; meffet, misdone ;mes and faire; whence
MID'DLE, n. The point or part equally dis- meffere, to do mischief. But qu. whether
tant from the extremities. as in the midst of aftlictions, troubles or
cares ; in the midst of our contemplations ; this is the English miff.]
See, there come people down by the middle MIGHT, n. pret. of may. Had power or lib-
of the land. Judges ix. in the midst of the battle; in the midst of,
pagan darkness and error ; in the midst of) erty. He might go, or might have gone.
2. The time that passes, or events that hap-
gospel light; in the midst of the ocean; im! 2. It sometimes denotes was possible, imply-
pen between the beginning and the end. ing ignorance of the fact in the speaker.
; Dryden. the midst of civil dissensions.
Orders might have been given for the pur-
MID/DLE-AGED, a. Being about the mid- From the inidst, from the middle, or from pose.
dle of the ordinary age of man. <A mid- among. Deut. xviii,
 MIG MIL MIL
MIGHT, n. [Sax. might, meht ;G. macht; 5. Very strong or great in corporeal power ; is soft orsmooth, L. mollis, Eng. mellow,
D. Sw. Dan. magt ; from the root of may, very able. W. mall: allied perhaps to melt. Class MI.
Sax. magan, to be able; Sans. mahat, Wo to them that are mighty to drink wine.| No. 9. 16. 18.]
strong. See May.] IN Is. v. 1. Soft; gently and pleasantly affecting the
1. Strength; force ;power; primarily and 6. Violent; very loud; as mighty thunder- senses; not violent; as a mild air; a mild
chiefly, bodily strength or physical power ; ings. Ex. ix. Ps. Ixviii. sun; a mild temperature ; a mild light.
as, to work or strive with all one’s might. 7. Vehement; rushing with violence; as a) The rosy morn resigns her light
There shall be no might in thy hand. Deut.! mighty wind or tempest. Ex. x. Rev. vi. | And milder glory to the noon. Waller.
XXVU. 8. Very great; vast; as mighty waters. And with a milder gleam refreshed the sight.
2. Political power or great achievments. Nels ix. Addison.
The acts of David—with all his reign and his 9. Very great or strong J as mighty power. 2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic ;
might. 1 Chron. xxix. 1 Kings xv. 2 cee XXVi. ‘ operating gently; not acrimonious; de-
3. National strength; physical power or 10. Very forcible ; efficacious; as, great is) mulcent; mollifying ; lenitive ;assuasive A
military force. truth and mighty. Esdras. as a mild liquor; a mild cataplasm ; a mild
We have no might against this great compa- 11. Very great or eminent in intellect or ac-| cathartic or emetic.
ny that cometh against us. 2 Chron. xx. quirements; as the mighty Scaliger and 3. Tender and gentle in temper or disposi-
4, Valor with bodily strength ; military prow- Selden. Echard. tion; kind; compassionate ; merciful ;
ess; as men of might. 1 Chron. xii. 12, Great; wonderful ; performed with great! clement; indulgent ; not severe or cruel.
5. Ability ; strength or application of means. power; as mighty works. Matt. xi. It teaches us to adore him as a mild and mer-
Ihave prepared with all my might for the 13. Very severe and distressing ;as a mighty ciful Being. Rogers.
house of my God— 1 Chron. xxix. famine. Luke xv.
6. Strength or force of purpose. 4. Not fierce, rough or angry; as mild
14. Very great, large or populous; as a words.
Like him was no king that turned to the Lord) mighty city. Rev. xviii.
with all his might. 2 Kings xxiii. 5. Placid; not fierce; not stern; not frown-
7. Strength of affection. 15. Important ;momentous. ing; as a mild look or aspect.
Thou shalt love the Lord thy Ged with all ri sing of heroes and of kings, 6. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter ;moderate-
thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all,
In mighty numbers mighty things. ly sweet or pleasant to the taste; as mild
thy might. Deut. vi. | Cowley. fruit.
MIGHTY, adv. In a great degree; very;i7. Calm; tranquil. When passion subsides
8. Strength of light; splendor; effulgence.| as mighty wise ; mighty thoughtful. [Col-
Let them that love him be as the sun when) the temper becomes mild.
loquial. | Prior.|) 8. Moderate ; not violent or intense; as a
he goeth forth in his might. Judges v.
MIGNIARD, a. [Fr. mignard.| Soft ; mild heat.
Shakspeare applies the word to an oath.
dainty ; delicate ; pretty. B. Jonson. \MIL‘/DEW, n. [Sax. mildeaw; L. melligo,
“An oath of mickle might.” This appli-
cation is obsolete. We now use strength MIGNONETTE, n, LE'r-] An annual flow-| from mel, honey ; G. mehithau, as if from
or force ; as the strength or force ofan oath! MIG/ONET, , “er or plant of the ge- mehl, meal.]
or covenant. | nus Reseda, haying the scent of raspber- 1. Honey dew ; a thick, clammy, sweet juice,
With might and main, with the utmost ries. Mason. found on the leaves of plants, which is said
strength or bodily exertion ; a tautological MIGRATE, v. 7. [L. migro.} To pass or re- to injure the plants by corroding them, or
phrase, as both words are from the same) move from one country or from one state otherwise preventing them from coming
root, and mean the same thing. | to another, with a view to permanent res-| to perfection. Hill. Encye.
MI'GHTILY, adv. [from mighty.] With! idence, or residence of some continuance. 2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by mois-
great power, force or strength ; vigorous- The first settlers of New England migrat- ture.
ly ; as, to strive mightily. ed first to Holland, and afterwards to) |MIL/DEW, v. t. To taint with mildew.
2. Vehemently ; with great earnestness. America. Some species of fowls migrate) Shak.
Cry mightily to God. Jonah iii. | in autumn to a warmer climate for a tem- MIL‘DEWED, pp. Tainted or injured by
3. Powerfully ;with great energy. porary residence. To change residence | mildew. on
Whereto { also labor, striving according to his in the same eity or state is not to migrate. MIL/DEWING, ppr. Tainting with mildew.
working, which worketh in me mightily. Col. i.| 2. To pass or remove from one region or |MILDLY, adv. Softly; gently; tenderly;
4. With great strength of argument. district to another for a temporary resi- not roughly or violently ;moderately ; as,.
He mightily convinced the Jews. Acts xviii. dence ; as, the Tartars migrate for the sake| to speak mildly ; to burn mildly ; to oper-
5. With great or irresistible force ; greatly; of finding pasturage. ate mildly.
extensively. INIVGRATING, ppr. Removing from one MILDNESS, n. Sofiness; gentleness; as
So mightily grew the word of God and pre- | state to another for a permanent resi-| the mildness of words or speech ; mildness
vailed. Acts xix. dence. The people of the eastern states! of voice.
6. With strong means of defense. are continually migrating to the western 2. Tenderness ;mercy ; clemency; as mild-
Fortify thy power mightily. Nah. ii. states. ness of temper.
7. Greatly ;toa great degree ; very much. MIGRATION, n. [L. migratio.] The act of) 3. Gentleness of operation; as the mildness
I was mightily pleased with a story applica- of a medicine.
ble to this piece of philosophy. Spectator. removing from one kingdom or state to
another, for the purpose of permanent res- 4, Softness; the quality that affects the
[Admissible in colloquial and familiar lan+ senses pleasantly ; as the mi/dness of fruit
guage.] idence, or a residence of some continu-|
ance. : or of liquors.
MI/GHTINESS, n. Power; greatness ;
highth of dignity. 2. Change of place ;removal; as the migra- , 5. Temperateness; moderate state; as the
tion of the center of gravity. Woodward. mildness of weather.
How soon this mightiness meets misery ! MILD-SPIRITED, a. Having a mild tem-
Shak. MI/GRATORY, a. Removing or accustom- per. Arbuthnot.
2. A title of dignity ;as their High Mighti- ed to remove from one state or country to MILE, n. [L. mille passus, a thousand paces;
nesses. another for permanent residence. , passus being dropped in common usage,
MIGHTY, a. [Sax. mihtig.] Having great 2. Roving ;wandering ;occasionally remov-| the word became a noun; Sax. Sw. mil;
bodily strength or physical power; very ing for pasturage ; as the migratory Tar- Dan. miil; G. meile; D. myl; Fr. mille;
strong or vigorous; as a mighty arm. tars. Sp. milla ; Port. milha; Tt. migtio. |
2. Very strong; valiant; bold; as a mighty 3. Passing from one climate to another ; as A measure of length or distance, containing
man of valor. Judges vi. fowls. eight furlongs, 320 rods, poles or perches,
3. Very powerful; having great command. MILCH, a. [Sax. melce. See Milk.) Giving 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The
Cush begat Nimrod ; he began to be a mighty milk ; as a milch cow. It is now applied Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal
one on the earth. Gen. x. only to beasts. to 1600 yards English measure.
4. Very strong in numbers; as a mighty na- MILD, a. (Sax. mild; G. D. Sw. Dan. id.; patie n. Fees paid for travel by the
tion. Gen. xviii. Russ. melayu, to pity. The primary sense! mile,
 MIL MIL MIL
MILESTONE, n. A stone set to mark the times left to pursue their usual occupa- merable fixed stars, which are not distin-
distance or space ofa mile. tions. guishable with ordinary telescopes.
MIL/FOIL, n. [L. millefolium, a thousand MILK, n. [Sax. melce; G. milch; D. melk; Harris.
leaves. ] Sw. miilk; Dan. melk; Russ. mleko or MILL, x. [L. mille, a thousand.] A money
A plant of the genus Achillea ; yarrow. | moloko ; Bohemian, mliko ; lr. meilg. See of account of the United States, value the
MIL/IARY, a. [Fr. miliaire, L. milium, the Verb.] tenth of a cent, or the thousandth ofa
millet.] — . Awhite fluid or liquor, secreted by cer- dollar.
1. Resembling millet seeds; as a miliary tain glands in female animals, and drawn MILL, n. [Sax. miln ; W. melin; Ir. meile
eruption; miliary glands. The miliary from the breasts for the nourishment of, or muilean; Corn. melyn ;Arm. mell or
glands are the sebaceous glands of the their young. melin ;Fr. moulin; L. mola; Gr. worry,
skin. Core. 2. The white juice of certain plants. pvros 3 G. mithle ; D. molen ; Sw. mol ;
2. Accompanied with an eruption like mil- ‘3. Emulsion made by bruising seeds. Dan. mélle ; Sp. molino; It. mulino; Russ.
let seeds ; as a miliary fever. Bacon. melnitsa ;Goth. malan, to grind, Ir. mei-
MILICE, for militia, is not in use. MILK, v. ¢. [Sax. melcan, meolcian; G. D. lim, Fr. moudre, for mouldre, W. malu,
MIL‘IOLITE, xn. Fossil remains of the}! melken; Sw. miilka; Dan. melker ; Russ. Arm. mala or malein, Sp. moler, L. molo.
Miliola, a genus of univalve shells. | melzyu; L. mulgeo; Gr. aperya.] G. mahlen, D. maalen, Sw. mala, Dan.
Ed. Encye. 1. To draw or press milk from the breasts maler, Port. moér, by contraction, Russ.
MIL'ITANCY, n. Warfare. [Little used.] by the hand; as, to milk a cow. melyu. It is not certain which is the ori-
Mountague. To suck. [.Vot used.] Shak. ginal word, the noun or the verb; or
MIL/ITANT, a. [L. militans, milito, to fight.]
MILK’EN, a. Consisting of milk. [Not whether both are from a prior radical
1. Fighting ;combating ; serving as a sol- used. | Temple. sense. We observe that the elements of
Spenser.|| MILK’ER, n. One that milks. this word coincide with those of L. mei,
dier.
2. The church militant, is the christian church MILK’-FEVER, n. A fever which accom-
honey, mollis, Eng. mellow, mild, mold,
on earth, which is supposed to be engaged panies the first flowing of milk in females meal, W.mall, &c. allexpressive ofsoftness.
in a constant warfare against its enemies; after childbirth. Grinding is now breaking by friction or
thus distinguished from the church tri- \MILK’-HEDGE, n. A shrub growing on the
pressure, but not improbably grain was
umphant, or in heaven. Hooker. Coromandel coast, containing a milky pulverized by breaking before the use of
juice. the quern. If so, mill may coincide in ori-
MIL/ITARILY, adv. In a soldierly manner. gin with mallet. We observe that this
MILITARY, a. [Fr. militaire ; L. militaris, MILK’INESS, n. Qualities like those of word is in the languages of all the great
from miles, a soldier ; milito, to fight; Gr.|| milk ; softness. Dryden.
European families, Celtic, Teutonic and
amirra, contest. | /MILK’/-LIVERED,
| a. Cowardly; timorous. Slavonic.]
1. Pertaining to soldiers or to arms; as a Shak.
. A complicated engine or machine for
military parade or appearance; military ‘MILK’/MAID, n. A woman that milks or is grinding and reducing to fine particles,
discipline. } employed in the dairy. grain, fruit or other substance, or for per-
2, Engaged in the service of soldiers or ‘MILK’/MAN, n. A man that sells milk or forming other operations by means of
arms ; as a military man. carries milk to market. wheels and a circular motion ; as a grist-
3. Warlike; becoming asoldier ; as military|| (MILK’PAIL, x. A pail which receives the mill for grain ; a coffee-mill; a cider-mill ;
virtue ; military bravery. milk drawn from cows. a bark-mill. The original purpose of mills
4, Derived from the services or exploits of a]‘MILK’PAN, n. A pan in which milk is set. was to comininute grain for food, but the
soldier; as military renown. | MILK’/PORRIDGE, A species of food word mill is now extended to engines or
5. Conformable to the customs or rules of|, MILK’/POTTAGE, t” composed of milk machines moved by water, wind or steam,
armies or militia. The conduct of the of- or milk and water, boiled with meal or for carrying on many other operations,
ficer was not military. flour. Locke. We have oil-mills, saw-mills, slitting-mills,
6. Performed or made by soldiers ; as a mil-) MILK’/S€ORE, n. An account of milk sold bark-mills, fulling-mills, &c.
itary election. Bacon. or purchased in small quantities, scored or ~ The house or building that contains the
Military tenure, a tenure of land, on condi- marked. Addison. machinery for grinding, &c.
tion of performing military service. MILK’SOP, x. A soft, effeminate, feeble- MILL, v. ¢. To grind ; tocomminute ; to re-
MIL/ITARY, n. The whole body of sol- minded man. Addison. Prior. duce to fine particles or to small pieces.
diers; soldiery ; militia; an army. (MILK’-THISTLE, n. A plant of the genus 2. To beat up chocolate. Johnson.
U. States. Mitford. Carduus. 3. 'Tostamp coin.
MILITATE, v. i. [L. milito.] To militate MILK’TOOTH, n. The fore tooth of a foal, 4. To full, as cloth.
against, is to oppose; to be or to act in which is cast within two or three years. MILL/€OG, n. The cog ofa mill wheel.
opposition. Smollet. Far. Dict. Mortimer.
Paley writes, to militate with; but in \MILK-TRE/FOIL, n. A plant, the cytisus. MILL’‘DAM, n. A dam or mound to ob-
America, against is generally used. Johnson. struct a water course, and raise the water
MILK’-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus to an altitude sufficient to turn a_ mill
MILITIA, n. [L. from miles, a soldier ; Ir. Astragalus. wheel. Mortimer.
mal or mil; W. milwr; Gyr. poros, war ; MILL/HORSE, n. A horse that turns a mill.
porew, to fight ;aper2a, combat, contention. \MILK’/-WORT, 2a. A plant of the genus Eu- MILL’/POND, x. A pond or reservoir of
The primary sense of fighting is to strive, phorbia ; spurge.
water raised for driving a mill wheel.
struggle, drive, or to strike, to beat, Eng.|) MILK’-WEED, x. A plant, the Asclepias MILL/RACE, n. The current of water that
moil, L. molior, Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam, Ar.|| Syriaca,
drives a mill wheel, or the canal in which
Spy, to labor or toil. So evxercitus, from MILK/WHITE, a. White as milk. Dryden. it is conveyed. Franklin.
exerceo, to exert, to strive. Class Ml. No. MILK’WOMAN, x. A woman that sells MILL/-SIXPENCE, n. An old English coin
15.] milk. Arbuthnot. first milled in 1561. Douce.
The body of soldiers in a state enrolled for MILK’Y, a. Made of milk. MILL‘STONE, n. A stone used for grind-
discipline, but not engaged in actual ser- 2. Resembling milk ;as milky sap or juice. ing grain.
vice except in emergencies; as distin- Pope. MILL’-TOOTH, n. plu. mill-teeth. A grinder,
guished from regular troops, whose sole 3. Yielding milk ; as milky mothers. dens molaris. Arbuthnot.
occupation is war or military service. The Roscommon. MILLENA/RIAN, a. [Fr. millenaire. See
militia of a country are the able bodied 4. Soft; mild; gentle; timorous; as a milky Millenium.)
men organized into companies, regiments heart. Shak. Consisting of a thousand years ; pertaining
and brigades, with officers of all grades, |MILK/Y-WAY, n. The galaxy ; a broad to the millenium. Encye.
and required by law to attend military ex- luminous path or circle in the beavens, MILLENA/RIAN, vz. A chiliast; one who
ercises on certain days only, but at other! supposed to be the blended light of innu- believes in the millenium, and that Christ
 MIL MIM MIN
will reign on earth with his saints a thou- MIL’/LINERY, n. The articles made or sold MINA, x. [Gr. wa; L. mina. Ar. Class
sand years before the end of the world. by milliners, as head-dresses, hats or bon- Mn. No. 5.9.7.) A weight or denomina-
Encye. nets, laces, ribins and the like. tion of money. The mina of the Old Tes-
MIL’LENARY, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Con- MILLION, n. mil/yun. [Fr. million ; It. mil- tament was valued at sixty shekels. The
sisting of a thousand. Arbuthnot. tone ; Sp. millon ; Port. milham ; proba- Greek or Attic mina, was valued at a hun-
MILLEN‘IAL, a. Pertaining to the millen- bly from L. mille, a thousand. ] dred drachmas, about £2. 17s. sterling,
ium, or to a thousand years; as millenial 1, The number of ten hundred thousand, or $10. 44 cents.
period ; millenial happiness. Burnet. a thousand thousand. It is used as a noun Encye.
MIL/LENIST, n. One who holds to the or an adjective,; as a million of men, or a MINA'CIOUS, a. [L. minaz, from minor, to
millenium. [ot used.] Johnson. million men. As a noun, it has a regular threaten.]
MILLEN/IUM, n. [L. mille, a thousand, plural, millions. Threatening ; menacing. More.
and annus, year. | 2. In common usage, a very great number, MINACITY, n. {L. minar.] Disposition
A thousand years ; a word used to denote indefinitely.
to threaten. [Lutlle used.)
the thousand years mentioned in Revela- There are millions of truths that men are not
concerned to know. Locke. MIN‘/ARET, n. [W. mun, a spire. See
tions xx. during which period Satan shall Mound.|
be bound and restrained from seducing MILL/IONARY, a. Pertaining to millions;
men to sin, and Christ shall reign on earth consisting of millions; as the millionary A small spire or steeple, or spire-like orna-
chronology of the Pundits. Pinkerton. mentin Saracen architecture. Mason.
with his saints.
MIL/LEPED, n. [L. mille, a thousand, and MILL‘IONED, a. Multiplied by millions. MIN‘ATORY, a. Threatening ; menacing.
[JVot used.| Shak. Bacon.
pes, foot.]
The wood-louse, an insect having many feet, MILLIONTH, a. The ten hundred thou- MINCE, v. t. mins. [Sax. minsian, from the
sandth. root of L. minuo, to diminish ; W. main,
a species of Oniscus. : Arm. maon, Fr. menu, mince, Ir. min, mion,
MILLRE’A, A A coin of Portugal of the
MIL/LEPORE, n. [L. mille, a thousand, and MILLREE’, § °“ value of $1.24 cents. small, fine; L. minor, smaller; minuo,
porus, a pore.] MILT, n. [Sax. Dan. D. milt ;G. milz; Sw. to diminish ; Gr. wevos, small, slender;
A genus of lithophytes or polypiers of vari- midte ; It. milza; probably so named uve, to diminish ; L. minutus, minute ;
ous forms, which have the surface perfo- from its softness, and allied to mild, mellow,
rated with little holes or pores, or even melt. | Sw. minska, to diminish ; Ar. « man-
without any apparent perforation. Cuvier. 1. In anatomy, the spleen, a viscus situated na, to weaken, to diminish. Class Mn.
MIL‘LEPORITE, x. Fossil millepores. in the left hypochondrium under the dia- No. 5.]
MIL/LER, x. [from mill.] One whose oc- phragm. _ - To cut or chop into very small pieces;
cupation is to attend a grist-mill. 2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic as, to mince meat. Dryden.
2. An insect whose wings appear as if cov- part of the males. Encye. 2. To diminish in speaking ; to retrench, cut
ered with white dust or powder, like a MILT, v. t. To impregnate the roe or spawn off or omit a part for the purpose of sup-
miller’s clothes. of the female fish. Johnson. pressing the truth ; to extenuate in repre-
MIL/LER’S-THUMB, n. A small fish found MILT’ER, x. A male fish. Walton. sentation,
in small streams. MILT’WORT, n. A plant of the genus As- I know no way to mince it in love, but to
plenium. say directly, I love you. Shak.
MILLES’IMAL, a. [L. millesimus, from mil- Siren, now mince the sin,
le, a thousand. | MIME, ». A buffoon. Obs. [See Mimic.]
And mollify damnation with a phrase—
Thousandth ; consisting of thousandth parts; 2. A kind of dramatic farce. Obs.
Dryden.
as millesimal fractions. Watts. MIME, v. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon. If, to mince his meaning, I had either omit-
Obs. [See Mimic.] ted some part of what he said, or taken from the
MILLET, x. [Fr. millet or mil ; It. miglio ; MI/MER, n. Amimic. Obs. [See Mimic.]
Sp. myo; L. miliwm ; Sax. mil.] strength of his expression, I certainly had wrong-
MIME’SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imitation ed him. Dryden.
A plant of the genus Milium, of several spe- of the voice or gestures of another. These—were forced to mince the matter.
cies, one of which is cultivated as an es- Encye. Woodward.
eulent grain. Encyc. MIMET‘I€, a. [Gr. ucuntixos.] Apt to imi- 3. To speak with affected softness ; to clip
The Indian millet is of the genus Holcus. tate ; given to aping or mimiery. words ; not to utter the full sound. Shak.
Lee. MIM ‘Ie, [L. mimus, mimicus ; Gr. 4. 'To walk with short or diminished steps.
MIL/LIARY, a. [L. milliarium, a mile- MIM/ICAL, §“ pcnos, poprxos 5pecueouac, to MINCE, v. t. To walk with short steps ; to
stone.] imitate ; allied probably to woos. ] walk with affected nicety ; to affect deli-
Pertaining to a mile ; denoting a mile ; asa 1. Imitative ; inclined to imitate or to ape; cacy in manner.
milliary column. D’ Anville. having the practice or habit of imitating. Pll turn two mincing steps
MIL’LIGRAM, x. [L. mille, a thousand, Man is of all creatures the most mimical in Into a manly stride. Shak.
and Gr. ypauuo, a gram.] gestures, speech, &c. Wotton. Because the daughters of Zion are haughty—
In the system of French weights and meas- 2. Consisting of imitation ; as mimic gestures. walking and mincing as they go. Is. iii.
ures, the thousandth part of agram, equal Mimic implies often something droll or 2. To speak softly, or with affected nicety.
to a cubic millimeter of water. Lunier. ludicrous, or less dignified than imitative. Dryden.
The milligram is equal to .0154 English MIM‘I€, ». One who imitates or mimics; MIN‘CED, pp. Cut or chopped into very
grains. Cyc. a buffoon who attempts to excite laughter small pieces,
MIL/LILITER, xn. [L. mille, a thousand, or derision by acting or speaking in the MINCE-PIE, A pie made with mine-
and Liter.] manner of another. Prior. MINCED-PIE, ;™- ed meat and other in-
A French measure of capacity containing 2. A mean or servile imitator. gredients, baked in paste. Spectator.
the thousandth part of a liter or cubic de- Of France the mimic, and of Spain the prey. MIN’CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces ;
cimeter, equal to .06103 decimals of a cu- “non. speaking or walking affectedly.
bic inch. Cyc. MIM‘ICK, v. t. To imitate or ape for sport; MIN’CINGLY, adv. In small parts ; not
MILLIMETER, n. [L. mille, a thousand, to attempt to excite laughter or derision fully. Hooker.
and metrum, a measure. | by acting or speaking like another ; to MIND, n. [Sax. gemind, gemynde ; Ir. mein,
A French lineal measure containing the ridicule by imitation. mian ;W. myn or menw, mind or will ; go-
thousandth part of a meter; equal to —The walk, the words, the gesture, could sup- vyn, a demand ; Dan. minde, mind, vote,
-03937 decimals of an inch. It is the least ly, consent ; minder, to remind ; Sw. minne,
The hebit mimick, and the mien belie. memory ; minnas, to remember, to call to
measure of length. Tunier. Cyc. Dryden. mind, as L. reminiscor; L. mens; Gr.
MIL‘LINER, x. [Johnson supposes. this MIM’IORY, n. Ludicrous imitation for sport Hvsia, Memory, mention ; praoun, to re-
word to be Milaner, from Milan, in Ttaly.] or ridicule. Spectator. member ; “evos, mind, ardor of mind, ve-
A woman who makes and sells head-dresses, MIMOG’/RAPHER, n. [Gr- pcmos and ypage.| hemence ; sys, anger; Sans. man, mana,
hats or bonnets, &c. for females. A writer of farces. Herbert. mind, will, heart, thought ; Zend, meno.
Vol. II.
 MIN MIN MIN
Mind signifies properly intention, a reach- MINDFUL, a. Attentive ; regarding with MI/NE-DIGGER, n. One that digs mines.
ing or inclining forward to an object, from care ; bearing in mind ; heedful ; observ- MI/NER, n. One that digs for metals and
the primary sense of extending, stretching ant. other fossils.
or inclining, or advancing eagerly, pushing I promise to be mindful of your admonitions. 2. One who digs canals or passages under
or setting forward, whence the Greek Hammond. the walls of a fort, &c. Armies have sap-
sense of the word, in analogy with the Teu- What is man, that thou art mindful of him? pers and miners.
Ps. vii.
tonic mod, moed, muth, mind, courage, spir- MIN’ERAL, n [Fr. Sp. mineral; Low
it, mettle. So L. animus, animosus. The MINDFULLY, adv. Attentively ; beedfully. L. minera, a matrix or vein of metals,
Russ. has pominayu, to mention, to re- MINDFULNESS, n. Attention; regard ; whence mineralia ; all from mine.]
member ; pomin, remembrance, and wmenie heedfulness. A body destitute of organization, and which
or umeinie, understanding. Qu. Minos, MINDING, ppr. Regarding ; heeding. naturally exists within the earth or at its
Menu, Menes, Mentor. Class Mn. No. 1. MINDING, n. Regard. surface. Cleaveland.
95] MINDLESS, a. Inattentive ; heedless; for- Minerals were formerly divided into salts,
1. Intention ; purpose ; design. getful; negligent ; careless. earths, inflammables and ores; a divis-
The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination; Cursed Athens, mindless of thy worth. ion which serves for a general distribu-
how much more, when he bringeth it with a Shak. tion, but a more scientific arrangement
wicked mind. Prov. xxi. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectual into classes, orders, genera, species, subspe-
2. Inclination; will; desire ; @ sense much powers ; as mindless bodies. Davies. ces and varieties, has been adopted to
used, but expressing less than settled pur- 3. Stupid; unthinking; as a mindless slave. meet the more precise views of modern
pose ; as in the common phrases, “I wish Shak. mineralogists.
to know your mind ;” “let me know your MIND-STRICKEN, a. Moved; affected in MIN’ERAL, a. Pertaining to minerals ;con-
mind ;” “he had a mind to go;” “he has mind. [.Vot used.] Sidney. sisting of fossil substances; as the mineral
a partner to his mind.” MINE, a. called sometimes a pronominal kingdom.
3. Opinion; as, to express one’s mind. We adj. (Sax. Sw. Dan. min; Goth. meins ;Fr. 2. Impregnated with minerals or fossil mat-
are of one mind. mon; D. myn; G. mein, contracted from ter; as mineral waters; a mineral spring.
4. Memory ; remembrance ; as, to put one migen ;for me, in Gothic is mik, Dan. mig, MIN’ERALIST, n. One versed or employ-
in mind; to call to mind; the fact is out G. mich. The L. meus, and Russ. moi, ed in minerais.
of my mind; time out of mind. From the are also contracted. ] MINERALIZA’TION, n. [See Mineralize.]
operations of the intellect in man, this My; belonging tome. It was formerly used 1. The process of forming an ore by combi-
word came to signify, before nouns beginning with vowels. “1 nation with another substance; the natu-
5. The intellectual or intelligent power in kept myself from mine iniquity.” Ps. ral operation of uniting a metallic sub-
man ; the understanding ; the power that xviii. But this use is no longer retained. stance with another.
conceives, judges or reasons. We now use my before a vowel as well as 2. The process of converting into a mineral,
I fear I am not in my perfect mind. — Shak. before an articulation ;as my iniquity. In as a bone or a plant.
So we speak of a sound mind, a disor- present usage, my always precedes the 3. The act of impregnating with a mineral,
dered mind, a weak mind, a strong mind, noun, and mine follows the noun, and usu- as water.
with reference to the active powers of the ally the verb; as, this is my book ; this book MIN‘ERALIZE, v. t. [from mineral.} In
understanding ; and in a passive sense, it is mine ; it is called my book ; the book is mineralogy, to combine with a metal in
denotes capacity, as when we say, the called mine: it is acknowledged to be forming an ore or mineral. Sulphur min-
mind cannot comprehend a subject. mine. eralizes many of the metals.
G. The heart or seat ofaffection. Mine sometimes supplies the place of anoun. 2. To convertinto a mineral.
Which were a grief of mind to Isaac and Re- Your sword and mine are different in con- In these caverns, the bones are not minerali-
bekah. Gen. xxvi. struction. zed. Buckland.
7. The will and affection ; as readiness of| MINE, n. [Fr. mine, a mine or ore, whence 3. To impregnate with a mineral substance;
mind. Acts xvii. mineral ; It. mina, miniera ; Sp. mina, a as, to mineralize Water.
8. The implanted principle of grace. Rom. mine, a conduit, a subterraneous canal, a MIN’‘ERALIZED, pp. Deprived ofits usual
Vil. spring or source of water ; Port. zd.; Lr. properties by being combined with anoth-
MIND, v.t. To attend to; to fix the thoughts men, mianach ; Dan. G. mine; Sw. mina ; er substance or formed into an ore; as,
on; to regard with attention. D. myn; W. mwn, whence mwnat, money ; metallic substances are mineralized.
Cease to request me ; let us mind our way. Arm. min. The radical signification is 2. Converted into a mineral.
Dryden. not obvious. ] 3. Impregnated with a mineral.
Mind not high things. Rom. xii. 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, from MIN’ERALIZER, n. A substance which
2. To attend to or regard with submission ; which metallic ores, mineral substances mineralizes another or combines with it
to obey. His father told him to desist, and other fossil bodies are taken by dig- in an ore, and thus deprives it of its usual
but he would not mind him. ging. The pits from which stones only and peculiar properties. Sulphur is one
3. To put in mind; to remind. Obs, are taken, are called quarries. of the most common mineralizers.
Locke. 2. In the military art, a subterraneous canal Nicholson.
4. To intend ; to mean. Chapman. or passage dug under the wall or rampart
MIND, v. i. To be inclined or disposed to of a fortification, where a quantity of| MINERALOG‘I€AL, a. [See Mineralogy.]
powder may be lodged for blowing up the Pertaining to the science of minerals; as
incline. a mineralogical table.
When one of them mindeth to go into rebel- works.
MINERALOG‘I€ALLY, adv. In mineralo-
lion. Obs. Spenser. 3. A rich source of wealth or other good. gy. Phillips.
MINE, v. i. To dig a mine or pit in the
MINDED, a. Disposed ; inclined.
earth. Woodward. MINERAL/OGIST, n. One who is versed
If men were minded to live virtuously. 2. To forma subterraneous canal or hole in the science of minerals, or one who
Tillotson. by scratching ; to form a burrow or lodge treats or discourses of the properties of
Joseph was minded to put her away privily. in the earth, as animals; as the mining mineral bodies.
Matt. i. coney. Wotton. MINERAL/OGY, 2. [mineral and Gr. aoyos,
Minded is much used in composition; 2. 'To practice secret means ofinjury. discourse. }
as high-minded ;low-minded ; feeble-mind- MINE, v.t. To sap; to undermine; to dig The science which treats of the properties of
ed ; sober-minded ; double-minded. away or otherwise remove the substratum mineral substances, and teaches us to
MINDEDNESS, n. Disposition ; inelination or foundation ; hence, to ruin or destroy characterize, distinguish and class them
towards any thing; as heavenly minded- by slow degrees or secret means. according to their properties. It compre-
ness. Milner. They mined the walls. Hayward. hends the study or science of all inorganic
MINDFILLING, a. Filling the mind. Ina metaphorical sense, undermine is substances in the earth or on its surface.
Mitford. generally used. Encyc. Cye
 MIN MIN MIN
MIN’GLE, v. t. [Sax. mengan or mencgan ; 2. a. Designating the business of digging I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to
G. D. mengen. This word seems to be a mines; as the mining districts of Siberia. minister to me in the priest’s office. Ex. xxix.
derivative trom G, menge, Sax. menigo, a Sparks. 2. To afford supplies; to give things need-
multitude, or from the same root. ence MIN‘ION, a. [infra.] Fine; trim; dainty. ful; to supply the means ofrelief ; to re-
among signifies mingled, or in the crowd. ] [Vot used.} ieve.
1. To mix; to blend; to unite in one body; MINION, x. min‘yon. [Fr. mignon; It. When saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a
as, to mingle liquors of different kinds. mignone, a darling; from W. main, Fr.|) stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did
2. To mix or blend without order or pro- menu, small; W. mwyn, tender, gentle.]}) hot minister unto thee? Matt. xxv.
miscuously. A favorite; a darling; particularly, the fa- 3. To give medicines.
There was fire mingled with hail. Ex, ix. vorite ofa prince, on whom he lavishes his Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased ?
3. To compound ; to unite in a mass, as solid favors ;one who gains favors by flattery J Shak.
substances ; as, to mingle flour, sugar and or mean adulation. In this sense, we commonly use ad-
eggs in cookery. _ z ; | manister.
Edward sent an army into Ireland, not for
4. 'To join in mutual intercourse or in soci- conquest, but to guard the person of his min-|| MINISTERED, pp. Served; afforded ;
ety. ion, Piers Gaviston. Davies. | supplied.
‘The holy seed have mingled themselves The drowsy tyrant by his minions led. MINISTE/RIAL, a. Attending for service;
with the people of those lands. Ezraix. Ps. Swift. attendant; acting at command.
cvil. MIN’ION, n. [W. main, Fr. menu, small 5} Enlightning spirits and ministerial flames.
5. To contaminate; to render impure ; to L. minor. See Mince.] A small kind of Prior.
debase by mixture. printing types. 2. Acting under superior authority ; pertain-
The best of us appear contented with a MIN‘IONING, n. Kind treatment. ing to a minister.
mingled imperfect virtue. Rogers. Marston. For the ministerial offices in court, there
must be an eye to them. Bacon.
6. To confuse. | SE ONELRE, adv. Finely ; daintily. 3. Pertaining to executive offices, as distinct
There mingle broils. Milton.) b]

MIN’‘GLE, v. 7. To be mixed; to be united MIN'IONSHIP, x. State of being a min- from judicial. The office and acts of a
with. }| ion. sheriff are ministerial.
She, when she saw her sister nymphs, sup- MIN‘IOUS, n. [from L. minium.] Of the! . Sacerdotal ;pertaining to ministers ofthe
pressed color of red lead or vermillion. Brown. gospel; as ministerial garments; minis-
Her rising fears, and mingled with the rest. |MIN‘ISH, v. t. [L. minuo, to lessen.] To) terial duties.
Addison. lessen ; to diminish. Obs. [See Dimin-| Genuine ministerial prudenee keeps back no
ish. important truth, listens to no compromise with
MIN’GLE, x. Mixture ; medley ; promis- sin, connives at no fashionable vice, cringes
cuous mass. [J/Vol used.] Dryden.| MINISTER, | n. {L. ; probably from Ar.) |_ before no lordly worldling. H. Humphrey.
MIN‘GLED, pp. Mixed; united promiscu-| 9. Pertaining to ministers of state ;as min-
ously. es t0 serve, wait, attend, Class Mn. | tsterial circles; ministerial benches.
MIN’GLEDLY, adv. Confusedly. Barret. No. 2. and Sax. steore, helm, direction;| Burke.
MIN’GLER, n. One that mingles. steoran, to steer.] MINISTE/RIALLY, adv. In a ministerial
MIN‘GLING, ppr. Mixing; uniting without 1. Properly, a chief servant; hence, an | manner or character. Waterland.
order. agent appointed to transact or manage MIN'ISTERING, ppr. Attending and serv-
MIN‘IARD, a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty.| business under the authority of another ;| ing asa subordinate agent; serving under
[Little used.) in which sense, it is a word of very extensive|| superior authority. Heb. i.
MIN‘IARDIZE, v. t. To render soft, deli-| application. 2. Affording aid or supplies ;administering
cate or dainty. Howell. Moses rose up and his minister Joshua. Ex. things needful.
MIN‘IATS, v. ¢. [It. miniare, from minio, XXIV. (MINISTERY. [See Ministry.]
L. minium, vermillion.] To paint or tinge |<. 2 One to whom a king or prince entrusts MIN/ISTRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister.
with vermillion. Warton.| ee used. | Johnson.
MIN‘IATURE, n. [It. Sp. miniatura, from) the direction of affairs of state; as minis- MIN/ISTRANT, a. Performing service as
It. miniare, supra; Fr. miniature.] | ter of state ; the prime minister. In mod- a minister; attendant on service; acting
1. A painting in water colors on vellum, ern governments, the secretaries or heads
ivory or paper, with points or dots; some-. of the several departments or branches of! under command.
Princedoms and dominations ministrant.
times in oil colors. The term is usually government are the ministers of the chief)
Inagistrate. Milton.
applied to portraits painted on a very: MINISTRA’TION, zn. [L. ministratio.] The
. A magistrate; an executive officer.
small scale. | act of performing service as a subordinate
2. A picture or representation in a small For he is the minister of God to thee for]! agent; ageucy ; intervention for aid or
é ood. Rom. xiii. service.
compass, or less than the reality. |; 3
Encye. 4. A delegate ;an embassador ; the repre- —Because their widows were neglected in
3. Red letter ; rubric distinction. __Hickes.|_ Sentative of a sovereign ata foreign court; | the daily ministrations. Acts vi.
MIN‘IKIN, a. [Qu. W. main,
small, and usually such as is resident at a foreign 2. Office of a minister; service ; ecclesiasti-
lishi\
kin.] Small; diminutive ; used in. s light). court, but not restricted to such. cal function.
contempt. . One who serves at the altar ;one who As soon as the days of his ministration were
MIN‘TKIN, n. A small sort of pins. performs sacerdotal duties ;the pastor of ended. Luke i.
2. A darling; a favorite. [See Minion.] | achurch, duly authorized or licensed to \MIN‘ISTRESS, xn. A female that ministers.
MIN‘IM, n. [W. main, small. See Mince.) preach the gospel and administer the sa- | Akenside.
1. A little man or being; a dwarf. eraments.
Milton. Eph. iii. MINISTRY, n. [L. ministerium.] The of-
2. One of a certain reformed order of Fran-,. Christ is called a minister of the sanctua- fice, duties or functions of a subordinate
ciscans or Minimi. Weever. |+ ry.
Heb. viii. agent of any kind.
3. A note in music, equal to half a semi- 7. An angel; a messenger of God. (2. Agency; service ; aid ; interposition; in-
breve or two crotchets. Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers|| strumentality.
4. A short poetical encomium. a flaming fire. Ps. civ. He directs the affairs of this world by the or-
Obs.
Spenser. |MINISTER, ». t. [L. ministro.]
to afford ; to supply.
To give;| dinary ministry of second causes.
Atterbury.
5. A small fish.
MIN’IMUM, n. [L.] The least quantity as- | Cor. He that ministereth seed to the sower— 2 ‘3. Ecclesiastical function; agency or ser-
signable in a given case. Encye.
ix.
That it may minister grace to the hearers.||
| vice of aminister of the gospel or clergy-
man in the modern church, or of priesis,

|
MIN'IMUS, n. [L.] A being of the small-| Eph. iv. apostles and evangelists in the ancient.
est size. Shak. MIN’ISTER, v. 7. To attend and serve; to Actsi. Rom. xii. 2Tim.iv. Num. iy.
MINING, ppr. Digging into the earth, as| perform service in any office, sacred or 4. Time of ministration; duration of the
for fossils and minerals; sapping. | secular.
office of a minister, civil or ecclesiastical.
 MIN MIN MIN
The war with France was during the\j4. A beautiful bird of the East Indies. mint; Ir. miontas; Arm. mendt or mintys.|
ministry of Pitt. j Dict. Nat. Hist. A plant of the genus Mentha.
5. Persons who compose the executive gov- MI/NORATE, v. t. To diminish. [Not MINT’AGE, n. That which is coined or
ernment or the council of a supreme mag- used.| stamped. Milton.
istrate ; the body of ministers of state. MINORA’TION, n. A lessening; diminu- 2. The duty paid for coining.
Swift. tion. MINT’ER, n. Acoiner; also, an inventor.
6. Business; employment. MIUNORITE, n. A Franciscan friar. MINT’MAN, n. A coiner; one skilled in
He abhorred the wicked ministry of arms. MINORITY, n. [Fr. minorité, from L. mi- coining or in coins.
Dryden. nor. | : MINT’M'ASTER, n. The master or super-
MINISTRYSHIP, for ministry, is little 1. The state of being under age. [See Mi-
intendent of a mint. Boyle.
used and hardly proper. Swift. nor.| 2. One who invents or fabricates. Locke.
MIN‘IUM, n. [L.] The red oxyd of lead, 2. The smaller number ; as the minority of MIN'UEND, n. [L. minwendus, minuo, to
produced by calcination. Lead exposed the senate or house of representatives; lessen.]
to air while melting is covered with a gray opposed to majority. We say, the minori- In arithmetic, the number from which
dusky pellicle. This taken off and agita- ty was large or small; AB was in the another number is to be subtracted.
ted becomes a greenish gray powder, in-|| minority ; the minority must be ruled by MIN’UET, n. [Sp. minueto; Fr. menuet,
clining to yellow. This oxyd, separated the majority. from menu, small, W. main. See Mince.]
by sifting from the grains of lead which it IMIN/OTAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure ; It. mino- 1. A slow graceful dance, consisting of a
contains, and exposed to a more intense tauro; L. minotaurus ; from man, which coupee, a high step and a balance.
heat, takes a deep yellow color, and in must have been in early ages a Latin : _ Encyc.
this state it is called massicot. 'The latter, word, and taurus, a bull.) 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements
slowly heated, takes a beautiful red color,| A fabled monster, half man and half bull. in the dance so called ; a movement of
and is called miniwm. Fourcroy. Ovid. Virgil. Shak. three crotchets or three quavers in a bar.
MIN’/STER, n. (Sax. minstre or mynster. MIN'UM, x. [from W. main, Fr. menu,
MINK, n. An American quadruped of the See Monastery. | small. See Mince.]
genus Mustela, an amphibious animal that |A monastery; an ecclesiastical convent or
1. A small kind of printing types ;now writ-
burrows in the earth on the side of a river fraternity ; but it is said originally to have ten minion.
or pond, whose fur is more valuable than} been the church of amonastery; a cathe-
that of the muskrat. Belknap.| 2. A note of slow time containing two
dral church. Encye. crotchets ;now written minim, which see.
MINNO6€, used by Shakspeare, is supposed MIN’/STREL, n. [Fr. menetrier, for menes- MINU‘TE, a. [L. minutus; Fr. menu, W.
by Johnson to be the same as minz. Qu. trier; Sp. ministril, a minstrel, and a_ tip- main, small. See Mince.]
mimic. staff, or petty officer of justice ; Port. 1, Very small, little or slender; of very
MIN‘NOW, i
_ [Fr. menu, small.}] A very/' menestral ;perhaps a derivative from men- small bulk or size ;small in consequence ;
MINOW, ,Small fish, a species of Cy- ear, to move, stir, wag, wield. If so, the as a minute grain of sand; a minute fila-
prinus. Encyc. Walton. word originally signified a performer on a ment. The blood circulates through very
MINOR, a. [L. ; the comparative degree of musical instrument, who accompanied bis minute vessels. Minute divisions of a sub-
a word not found in that language, but performances with gestures, like the his- ject often perplex the understanding.
existing in the Celtic dialects, W. main, trio andjoculator. | Minute details are tedious.
Arm. moan, Ir. min, mion, the root of L. A singer and musical performer on instru- 2. Attending to small things; critical; as
minuo, to diminish. See Mince.] ments. Minstrels were formerly poets as minute observation.
Less ; smaller; sometimes applied to the well as musicians, and held in high repute MINUTE, 2. min‘it. [L. minutum, that is,
bulk or magnitude of a single object ; by our rude ancestors. Their attendance a small portion.]
more generally to amount, degree or im- was sought and their performances lavish- 1. A small portion of time or duration, be-
portance. We say, the minor divisions of ly rewarded by princes. It was in the ing the sixtieth part of anhour.
a body, the minor part of abody ; opposed character of a minstrel that king Alfred Since you are not sure of a minute, throw
to the major part. We say, minor sums, entered the camp of the Danes his ene- not away an hour. Franklin.
minor faults, minor considerations, details mies, and explored their situation. 2. In geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree
or arguments. In the latter phrases, mi- MIN'‘STRELSY, x. The arts and oceupa- of a circle.
nor is equivalent to small, petty, incon- tions of minstrels ; instrumental music. 3. In architecture, the sixtieth, but some-
siderable, not principal, important. or 2. A number of musicians, times the thirtieth part of a module.
weighty. The minstrelsy of heaven. Milton. Encyc.
2 . In music, less or lower by a lesser semi- (MINT, n. [Sax. mynet, money or stamped 4. A space oftime indefinitely small. I will
tone ; as a third minor. Encye. coin; D. munt, mint, coin; G. miinze ;Sw. be with you in a minute, or in a few min-
Asia Minor, the Lesser Asia, that part of mynt; Dan. myndt, coin. This word is utes, that is, in a short time.
Asia which lies between the Euxine on doubtless a derivative from mine, or L. 5. A short sketch of any agreement or other
the north, and the Mediterranean on the moneta, from the same root.] subject, taken in writing ; a note to pre-
south. {1. The place where money is coined by pub- serve the memory of any thing; as, to take
MUNOR, xn. A person of either sex under lic authority. In Great Britain, formerly, minutes of a contract; to take minules of
age; one who is under the authority of there was a mint in almost every county ; a conversation or debate.
his parents or guardians, or who is not but the privilege of coining is now con-! MINUTE; v. t. mint. To set down a short
permitted by law to make contracts and sidered as a royal prerogative in that sketch or note of any agreement or other
manage his own property. By the laws|| country, and as the prerogative of the subject in writing. Spectator.
of Great Britain and of the United States, sovereign power in other countries. The MIN’UTE-BOOK, n. A book of short hints.
persons are minors till they are twenty one only mint now in Great Britain is in the MIN’UTE-GLASS, n. A glass, the sand of
years of age. Tower of London. The mint in the United! which measures a minute.
rw). In logic, the second proposition of a reg- States is in Philadelphia. MEN'UTE-GUNS, n. Guns discharged ev-
ular syllogism, asin the following : . A place of invention or fabrication; as al ery minute.
Every act of injustice partakes of mean- mint of phrases; a mint of calumny. |MIN’'UTE-HAND, n. The hand that points
ness. Shak. Addison.| to the minutes on a clock or wateh.
To take money from another by gaming, ts3. A source of abundant supply. |\MINU’TELY, adv. [from minute.] To 2
or reputation by seduction, are acts of in- MINT, v. t. [Sax. mynetian.] To coin; to| small point of time, space or matter; ex-
justice. make and stamp money. Bacon. actly; nicely; as, to measure the length
Therefore the taking of money from an- 2. To invent; to forge ; to fabricate. Bacon. of any thing minutely; to ascertain time
‘ other by gaming, or reputation by seduc- MINT, n. [Sax. mint; Sw. mynta; Dan. minutely ;to relate a story minutely.
tion, partake of meanness. mynte; G. miinze; L. mentha; It. Sp. MINUTELY, a. min’itly. Happening every
3. A Minorite, a Franciscan friar. 1 menta ; Fr. mente; D. kruismunt, eross- t minute. Hammond.
 MIR MIS MIS
94 . In law, homicide by misadventure, is when
MIN'UTELY, adv. [from minute. ] Every
s MIRADOR, x. [Sp. from L. miror.} A
minute ; with very little time intervening. balcony or gallery commanding an extens- aman, doing a lawful act, without any in-
Asif it were minutely proclaimed in thunder ive view. Dryden. tention of injury, unfortunately kills an-
from heaven. Hammond. MIRE, n. [See Class Mr. No. 16.] Deep other. This is called excusable homicide.
MINU’TENESS, n. Extreme smallness, mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to ; Blackstone.
fineness or slenderness; as the minuteness the feet and to wheels. MISADVEN’TURED, a. Unfortunate.
of the particles of air or of a fluid; the MIRE, v. t. To plunge and fix in mire; to Shak.
minuteness of the filaments of cotton ; the set or stall in mud. We say, a horse, an MISADVI'SED, a. [See Advise.] Ml ad-
minuteness of details in narration. ox ora carriage is mired, when it has sunk vised; ill directed. Johnson.
2. Attention to small things; critical exact- deep into mud and its progress is stopped. MISAFFE€T’, v. t. To dislike.
ness; as the minuteness of observation or 2. To soilor daub with mud or foul matter. MISAFFECT’ED, a. Ill disposed.
distinction. Shak. MISAFFIRM,, v. t. To affirm incorrectly.
MIN'UTE-WATCH, n. A watch that dis- MIRE, v. 7%. To sink in mud, or to sink so MISA’IMED, a. Not rightly aimed or di-
tinguishes minutes of time, or on which deep as to be unable to move forward. rected. Spenser.
minutes are marked. Boyle. MIRE, n. An ant. [See Pismire.] MISALLEDGE, v. t. misallej'. To state er-
MINU/TLA, xn. [L.] The smaller particu- MIRE-€ROW, n. The sea-crow or pewit roneously.
lars. ull, of the genus Larus. MISALLEGA’TION, n. Erroneous state-
MINX, n. [ Qu. minnoc.] A pert, wanton MI'RINESS, n. [from miry.] The state of| ment.
girl. Shak. consisting of deep mud. MISALLI/ANCE, xn. Improper association.
2. Ashe-puppy- MIRK, a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. Obs. [See (MISALLIED, a. Ill allied or associated.
MINY, a. [from mine.} Abounding with Murky.) Burke.
mines. MIRK/SOME, a. Dark; obscure. [See MIS‘/ANTHROPE, 2 is (Gr. prcarOpxoztos ;
2. Subterraneous. Thomson. Murky. | (MISAN’THROPIST, § “ musea, to hate,
MI/RABLE, a. Wonderful. [Vot in use.] MIRK’/SOMENESS, x. Obscurity. [See and arvépaxos, man.| A hater of mankind.
Shak.|| Murky.) Swift.
MIR/ACLE, x. [Fr. from L. miraculum, MIR’ROR, n. [Fr. miroir; Sp. mirar, Corn. MISANTHROP’Ié, ,q, Hating or hav-
from miror, to wonder; Arm. muret, tol miras,to look ; L. miror, to admire. ] MISANTHROP’TCAL, ing a dislike to
hold. See Marvel.] 1. A looking glass; any glass or polished mankind. Walsh.
1. Literally, a wonder or wonderful thing; substance that forms images by the reflec- \MISAN’THROPY, n. Hatred or dislike to
but appropriately, tion of rays oflight. mankind ; opposed to philanthropy.
2. In theology, an event or effect contrary to In the clear mirror of thy ruling star MISAPPLICA/TION, n. A wrong applica-
the established constitution and course o I saw, alas! some dread event depend. tion ; an application to a wrong person or
things, or a deviation from the known laws Pope. purpose.
ofnature ; asupernaturalevent. Miracles 2. A pattern; an exemplar; that on which MISAPPLIED, pp. Applied to a wrong
can be wrought only by Almighty power, men ought to fix their eyes; that which person or purpose.
as when Christ healed lepers, saying, “I gives a true representation, or in which a MISAPPLY’, v. ¢t. To apply to a wrong
will, be thou clean,” or calmed the tem- true image may be seen. person or purpose ; as to misapply a name
pest, “ Peace, be still.” O goddess, heavenly bright, or title; to misapply our talents or exer-
Mirror of grace and majesty divine. tions ;to misapply public money.
They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Spenser.
Mark vi. MISAPPLY’ING, ppr. Applying to a wrong
A man approved of God by miracles and MIR/ROR-STONE, n. A bright stone. Obs. person or purpose.
signs. Acts ii. MIRTH, n. merth. [Sax. mirht, myrhth ;|
- -
IMISAPPREHEND’, v. t To misunder-
Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic repre- stand; totake ina wrong sense. Locke.
sentation exhibiting the lives of the saints. mirig, merry ; Ar. to be very MISAPPREHEND’ED, pp. Not rightly un-
Care
Chaucer. derstood.
MIR/A€LE, v. t. To make wonderful. [ot brisk or joyful. Class Mr. No. 10.] Social, MISAPPREHEND/ING, ppr. Misunder-
used. | Shak, merriment; hilarity; high excitement of standing.
MIR‘/ACLE-MONGER, n. An impostor who pleasurable feelings in company; noisy iMISAPPREHEN’SION, n. A mistaking or
pretends to work miracles. Hallywell. gayety; jollity. Mirth differs from joy and! mistake ; wrong apprehension of one’s
MIRA€/ULOUS, a. Performed supernatu- cheerfulness, as always implying noise. meaning or of a fact.
With genial joy to warm the soul,
rally, or by a power beyond the ordinary Bright Helen mixed a mirth-inspiring bowl. MISASERI'BE, v. t. To ascribe falsely or
agency of natural laws; effected by the Pope. erroneously. Boyle.
direct agency of Almighty power, and not Twill cause to.cease the voice of mirth from MISASSIGN, v. t. [See Assign.] To assign
by natural causes; as the miraculous heal- Judah and Jerusalem. Jer. vii. erroneously. Boyle.
ing of the sick or raising the dead by MIRTH’FUL, a. Merry; jovial; festive. MISATTEND, v. t. To disregard. Milton.
Christ. The feast was served, the bowl was crown’d, iIMISBECOME, v. t. misbecum'. [See Be-
es Supernatural; furnished supernaturally, To the king’s pleasure went the mirthful| come.] Not to become; to suit ill; not to
or competent to perform miracles ; as the round, Prior. befit.
miraculous powers of the Apostles. Mi- MIRTH’FULLY, adv. In a jovial manner.| Thy father will not act what misbecomes him.
raculous, applied to the extraordinary MIRTH’LESS, a. Without mirth or hi-| Addison.
powers of the Apostles, may mean con- larity. MISBECOM/ING, ppr. or a. Unseemly;
ferred by supernatural agency, or compe- MI'RY, a. [from mire.] Abounding with unsuitable ; improper ; indecorous.
tent to work miracles. I believe it is gen- deep mud; full of mire: as a miry road 3}MISBECOM'INGNESS, 7. Unbecoming-
erally used in the latter sense. a miry lane. Gay. ness ; unsuitableness. Boyle.
3. In a less definite sense, wonderful; extra- 2. Consisting of mire. Shak. MISBEGOT’, Qa. = heals Unlawtully
ordinary. MIS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous,), MISBEGOT’ TEN, §PP OF oy irregu-
wrong, from the verb miss, to err, to go larly begotten. Shak. Dryden.
MIRA€/ULOUSLY, adv. By miracle; su- wrong, Goth. missa; Sax. mis, from miss-|| MISBEHA’VE, v. 7. 'To behave ill; to con-
pernaturally. ian, to err, to deviate or wander ; D. mis, duct one’s self improperly.
Bneas, wounded as he was, could not have missen ; G. miss, missen; Dan. mis, mister ;) MISBEHA‘VED, a. Guilty of ill behavior ;
engaged him in single combat, unless his hurt Sw. mis, mista ; W. méth, a failing, a miss;
had been miraculously healed. Dryden. ill bred; rude. Shak.
Fr. mes, or me, in composition; It. mis. \MISBEHA‘VIOR, n. misbeha‘vyor. Tl con-
2. Wonderfully ;by extraordinary means. MISACCEPTA’TION, vn. The act of taking duet ; improper, rude or uncivil behavior.
MIRA€/ULOUSNESS, n. The state of be- or understanding in a wrong sense. Addison.
ing effected by miracle or by supernatural MISADVEN’TURE, n. Mischance; mis-| MISBELIE’P, n. Erroneous belief; false
agency. fortune ; ill luck; an unlucky accident. religion. Massinger.
 MIs MIS MIS
MISBELIE’VE, v. ¢. To believe errone- 2. A book or pamphlet containing a collec- \MISCHO/SEN, pp. Chosen by mistake.
ously. Shak. tion of compositions on various subjects, MIS'CIBLE, a. [Fr. from L. misceo, to mix. |
MISBELIE’VER, n. One who believes or a collection of various kinds of compo- That may be mixed. Oil and water are
wrongly ;one who holds a false religion. \ sitions. Pope. Swift. not miscible.
Dryden. MIS'‘CELLANY, a. Miscellaneous. Obs. MISCITA’TION, n. A wrong citation; er-
MISBELIE’VING, a. Believing erroneous- Bacon. roneous quotation. Collier.
ly; irreligious. Shak. MISCEN’TER, v. t. To place amiss. [ot MISCI'TE, v. t. To cite erroneously or
MISBESEEM, ». t. To suit ill. in use.| Donne. falsely.
MISBESTOW, ». t. To bestow improperly. MISCH'‘ANCE, n. Illluck; ill fortune; mis- MIS€LA/IM, nx. A mistaken claim or de-
Milton. mand. Bacon.
fortune ;mishap; misadventure. MISECOMPUTA’TION, n. Erroneous com-
MIS'BORN, a. Born to evil. Spenser. It is a man’s unhappiness, his mischance or
MISE€AL’/€CULATE, v. t. To calculate er- calamity, but not his fault. South.
utation ; false reckoning. Clarendon.
roneously. Arbuthnot. MISCHAR'‘ACTERIZE, v. t. [See Charac- MIS€OMPU’TE, v. t. To compute or reck-
MISCAL/€ULATED, pp. Erroneously cal- on erroneously.
ter.]| To characterize falsely or errone- MISCONCE'T,
culated. ously; to give a wrong character to. n. Erroneous
; con-
MISCAL/CULATING, ppr. Committing MISCONCEP’TION, , ception ; false
They totally mischaracterize the action. opinion ; wrong notion or understanding
errors in calculation. Eton.
MIS€ALEULA/TION, x. Erroneous eal- ‘MISCH'ARGE, v. t. To mistake in charg- of a thing.
Great errors and dangers result from a miscon-
culation. ing, as an account. ception of the names of things. Harvey.
MISE€ALL,, v. ¢. To call by a wrong name ; MISCH'ARGE, ». A mistake in charging, MISCONCE’‘IVE, ». t. or i. To receive a
to name improperly. as an account; an erroneous entry in an false notion or opinion of any thing; to
MISCALL’ED, pp. Misnamed. account. misjudge ; to have an erroneous under-
MISCALL/ING, ppr. Misnaming. standing of any thing.
MISCAR’/RIAGE, n. Unfortunate event of MISCHIEF, n. (Old Fr. meschef; mes, To yield to others just and reasonable causes
an undertaking ; failure. | wrong, and chef, head or end, the root of|
achieve, Fr. achever.] of those things, which, for want of due consid-
When a counselor, to save himself, eration heretofore, they have misconceived.
Would lay miscarriages upon his prince. 1. Harm; hurt; injury; damage; _ evil, Hooker.
Dryden. whether intended or not. A new law is MISCONCE/IVED, pp. Wrongly under-
2, Ill conduct ; evil or improper behavior;| made to remedy the mischief: stood; mistaken.
as the failings and miscarriages of the 2. Intentional injury; harm or damage done MISCONCE‘IVING, ppr. Mistaking ; mis-
righteous. Rogers. by design. understanding.
3. Abortion; the act of bringing forth before Thy tongue deviseth mischief. Ps. lii. MISCONDUCT, x. Wrong conduct ; ill
the time. Encyc. 3. 11] consequence ; evil; vexatious affair. behavior ; ill management. Addison.
MISCAR’RY, v. 7. To fail of the intended The mischief was, these allies would never
MISCONDUCT’, v. ¢t. To conduct amiss;
effect ; not to succeed; to be unsuccess- allow that the common enemy was subdued.
Swift. to mismanage.
ful; to suffer defeat; applied to persons or
undertakings, and to things. We say, MIS/CHIEF, v. t. To hurt; to harm; to MISCONDUET’, v. i. To behave amiss.
a project, scheme, design, enterprise, at-|) injure. Sprat. MISCONDUCT’ED, pp. Ill managed ; bad-
tempt, has miscarried. MIS‘CHIEF-MAKER, n. One who makes ly conducted.
Have you not heard of Frederick, the great mischief; one who excites or instigates MISCONDU€ET/ING, ppr. Mismanaging ;
soldier, who miscarried at sea ? Shak. quarrels or enmity. misbehaving.
My ships have all miscarried. Shak. MIS’/CHIEF-MAKING, a. Causing harm ; MISCONJE€’TURE, x. A wrong conject-
2. To bring forth young before the proper} | exciting enmity or quarrels. Rowe. ure or guess.
time; to suffer abortion. MIS‘CHIEVOUS, a. Harmful; hurtful ;in- MISCONJE€’TURE, v. t. ori. To guess
MISCAR/RYING, ppr. Failing of the in- jurious; making mischief; of persons ; as wrong.
tended effect; suffering abortion. Hos. ix. a mischievous man or disposition. MISCONSTRUE’TION, n. Wrong inter-
MIS6'AST, v. ¢. To cast or reckon errone- 2. Hurtful; noxious; as a mischievous thing. pretation of words or things ; a mistaking
ously. Brown. Arbuthnot. of the true meaning ; as a misconstruction
MISE‘AST, pp. Erroneously cast or reck- 3. Inclined to do harm; asa mischievous boy. of words or actions.
oned. (MIS‘/CHIEVOUSLY, ady. With injury, MISCON’STRUE, v. ¢. To interpret erro-
MIS€‘AST, n. An erroneous cast or reck- hurt, loss or damage. We say, the law neously either words or things. Jt is im-
oning.g : ne operates mischievously. portant not to misconstrue the Scriptures.
MISC:ASTING,
erroneously. ppr. Casting or reckoning 2. With evil intention or disposition. The Do not, great sir, misconstrue his intent.
Dryden.
injury was done mischievously.
MISCELLANA/RIAN, a. [See Miscellany.] MIS’CHIEVOUSNESS, n. Hurtfulness; A virtuous emperor was much affected to find
Belonging to miscellanies; of miscella- noxiousness. his actions misconstrued. Addison.
nies. 2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or an- MISCON’STRUED, pp. Erroneously inter-
Miscellanarian authors. Shaftsbury. noy ; as the mischievousness of youth. preted.
MISCELLANA/RIAN, n. A writer of mis- Mischief denotes injury, harm or damage o 'MISCON’STRUER, n. One who makes a
cellanies. Shaftsbury. less malignity and magnitude than what i wrong interpretation.
MIS‘CELLANE, n. [L. miscellaneus.] A are usually called crimes. We never give MISCON’STRUING, _ ppr. Interpreting
mixture of two or more sorts of grain; the name of mischief to theft, robbery or wrongly.
now called meslin. Bacon. murder. And it so commonly implies in- IMISCORRECT,, v. t. To correct erroneous-
MISCELLA‘NEOUS, a. [L. miscellaneus, tention in committing petty offenses, that ly ; to mistake in attempting to correct
from misceo, to mix.] it shocks us to hear the word applied to another.
Mixed; mingled; consisting of several the calamities inflicted by Providence. We He passed the first seven years of his life at
kinds: as a miscellaneous publication ; a say, a tempest has done great damage, but Mantua, not seventeen, as Scaliger muiscorrects
miscellaneous rabble. Milton. not mischief. In like manner, the adjec- his author. Dryden.
MISCELLA’/NEOUSNESS, x. The state tive mischievous is not applied to thieves, MISCORRE€T’ED, pp. Mistaken in the
of being mixed; composition of various pirates and other felons, but to persons attempt to correct.
kinds. committing petty trespasses and offenses. 'MISCOUN’SEL, v. t. To advise wrong.
MIS/CELLANY, n. [Fr. miscellandes ; Sp. Spenser.
miscelanea; L. miscellanea, from misceo, to IMISCH/NA, n. A part of the Jewish Tal-
mud. [See Mishna.] MISCOUNT,, v. t. To count erroneously ;
mix; Ch. Ar. 319, to mix. Class Ms. MISCHOOSE, »v. t. mischooz’. 'To choose to inistake in counting.
No. 7.] wrong ; to make a wrong choice. IMISCOUNTY, v.i. To make a wrong reck-
+). Amasgs or mixture of various kinds; par- Milton. oning. Bp. Patrick.
ticularly,
 MIS MIS MIS

MISCOUNT’, n. An erroneous counting or 1. In aw, an issue to be tried at the grand) MISES’TIMATE, v. t. To estimate errone
numbering. assize. ously. Mitford.
MIS’€REANCE, [See Miscreant.] Un- 2. Expense; cost. MISFALL/, v.t. To befall, as ill luck; to
MIS’€REANCY, :" belief; false faith; 3. A tax or ‘tallage ; in Wales, an honora- | happen to unluckily. Spenser.
adherence to a false religion. Obs. ry gift of the people to a new king or MISFA/RE, n. Ill fare; misfortune.
Spenser. prince of Wales; also, a tribute paid in Spenser.
MIS/€REANT, n. [Fr. mécréant ; Norm. the county Palatine of Chester at the MISFASW/ION, v. t. To form wrong.
mescreaunt ;mes, wrong, and creance, belief, change of the owner of the earldoms. Hakewill.
em L. credens, eto Encye. MISFE/ASANCE, n. misfe/zance. [F'r. mes
. An infidel, or one who embraces afalse MISEMPLOY,, v. t. To employ to no pur- and faisance, from faire, to do.] In law, a
‘sae pose, or to a bad purpose ; as, to misemploy trespass ; & wrong done. Encye-
2. A vile wretch ; an unprincipled fellow. time, power, advantages, talents, &c.
MISFORM,, v.t. To make of an ill form ;; to
Addison. Locke. Addison. put in an ill shape. Spenser.
MIS€REA’TE, ; Formed unnaturally MISEMPLOY’ED, pp. Used to no purpose, MISFOR’TUNE, n. Ill fortune; ill luck ;
MIS€REA’TED, a oor illegitimately ; de- or to a bad one. calamity ; an evil or cross accident; as loss
formed. Obs. Spenser. MISEMPLOY'ING, ppr. Using to no pur- || of property at sea or by fire.
MISDA’TE, n. A wrong date. ose, or to a bad one. Consider why the change was wrought,
MISDA’TE, v. i. To date erroneously. MISEMPLOY’MENT, n. Il] employment ; You'll find it his misfortune, not his Tault.
MISDEE’D, x. An evil deed ; a wickedapplication to no purpose, or to a bad pur- Addison.
action. pose. Hale. |MISFOR’TUNED, a. Unfortunate.
Evils which our own misdeeds have wrought. MISEN’TRY, n. An erroneous entry or, Milton.
Milton. charge, as of an account. MISGIVE, v.t. misgiv’. [See Give.] To fill
MISDEE'M, v. t. To judge erroneously; MI/SER, n. s asz. [L. miser, miserable.] A) with doubt; to deprive of confidence ; to
to misjudge ; to mistake in judging.
Spenser. l
miserable person ; one wretched or af-
flicted. Obs. Spenser.
fail ; usually applied to the
So doth my heart misgive me.
heart.
Shak.
MISDEME’AN, v. t. To behave ill. Shak. 2. A wretch; a mean fellow. Obs. Shak.) His heart misgave him. Addison.
MISDEME’ANOR, nxn. Ill behavior; evil 3. An extremely coyetous person ; a sordid |2. |2 'To give or grantamiss. [Wot in use.]
conduct ; fault ; mismanagement. wretch ; a niggard ; one who in wealth Laud.
South. makes himself miserable by the fear of MISGIV'ING, ppr. Filling with doubt or
2, In law, an offense of a less atrocious na- poverty. [This is the only sense in which distrust ; failing.
ture than a crime. Crimes and misde-
meanors are mere synonymous terms; but
in common usage, the word crime is made
|
ut is now used. | MISGIV/ING, n. A failing of confidence ;
No silver saints by dying misers given.
Pope.
doubt ; distrust.
Doubts, suspicions and misgivings. South.
to denote offenses of a deeper and more MIS’/ERABLE, a. sorz. [Fr. miserable, MISGOT’TEN, a. Unjustly obtained.
atrocious dye, while small faults and omiss- from L. miser, miserabilis. | |MISGOVERN, v. t. To govern ill; to ad-
ions of less consequence are comprised 1. Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, minister unfaithfully.
under the gentler name of misdemeanors. poverty, apprehension of evil, or other Solyman charged him bitterly that he had
Blackstone. cause. It however expresses somewhat misgoverned the state. Kcnolles.
MISDESERT’, n. Ill desert. Spenser. less than wretched. |/MISGOV’/ERNANCE, n. Ill government;
MISDEVO’TION, n. False devotion ; mis- What hopes delude thee, miserable man ? || disorder ; irregularity. Spenser.
taken piety. [Little used.] Donne. Dryden., MISGOV/ERNED, pp. Ul governed ; badly
MISDIET, ». Improper diet or food. [.Not; Very poor ; worthless. || administered.
used. | Spenser.| Miserable comforters are ye all. Job xvi. 2. Rude; unrestrained ; as rude, misgovern-
MISDIRE€T’, v.t. To give a wrong direc- Causing unhappiness or misery. | ed hands. Shak.
tion to; as, to misdirect a passenger. What’s more miserable than discontent ?
hak ,, |MISGOV/ERNMENT, n. Ill administration
2. To direct to a wrong person or place; as, of public affairs. Raleigh.
— . Very poor or mean; as a miserable hut ;
to misdirect a letter. 2. Ill management in private affairs.
MISDIRECT’ED, pp. Directed wrong, or; miserable clothing. Taylor.
to a wrong person or place. . Very poor or barren ;; asa miserable soil.
. Very low or despicable ; as a miserable '|3. Irregularity ; disorder. Shak.
MISDIRECT/ING, ppr. Directing wrong, MISGR‘AFFP, v. t. To graft amiss.
or to a wrong person or place. person.
MISDISPOSI'TION, n. Disposition to evil. MIS'ER ABLENE SS, n. State of misery; MISGROUND,, v. t. To found erroneously.
ve in use.| Bp. Hall. poorness. | Hall.
MISDISTIN’GUISH, v. t. To make wrong MIS’/ERABLY, adv. Unhappily ; calami- MISGUI/DANCE, nx. Wrong direction ;
distinctions. Hooker. | tously. | guidance into error. South.
The fifth was miserably stabbed to death.
MISDO, v. t. [See Do.] To do wrong ; to, South.
MISGUI/DE, v.t. To lead or guide into er-
do amiss ; to commit a crime or fault. 2. Very poorly or meanly; wretchedly. They || ror; to direct ill; as, to misguide the un-
Milton. were miserably entertained. Sidney.| derstanding or mind. Locke. Pope.
MISDOER, n. One who does wrong ; one 3. In misery or unhappiness. MISGUI/DED, pp. Led astray by evil coun-
who commits a fault orcrime. — Spenser. MI/SERLY, a. [See Miser.] Very covetous; sel or wrong direction ; as a misguided
MISDOING, ppr. Doing wrong ; commit- sordid; niggardly ;; parsimonious. prince. “Prior.
tinga fault or crime. | MIS’ERY ,n.sasz. [L. miseria ; Fr. mi- MISGUIDING, ppr. Giving wrong direc-
MISDOING, n. A wrong done; a fault or sére. |
tion to ; leading into error.
crime; an offense. LD’Estrange.,
1. Great unhappiness ;extreme pain of body, MIS/GUM, 2. An anguilliform fish about
MISDOUBT, v. t. misdout’. [See Doubt.]| or mind. A man suffers misery from the MIS’/GURN, § the size of acommon eel.
To suspect of deceit or danger. [.4n ill gout, or from great afflictions, distress, ca-| Dict. Nat. Hist.
formed word and not in use. | Jamity, and other evils. Misery expresses MISHAP’, n. Ill chance ; evil accident ; ill
Sidney. Shak. Dryden. somewhat less than wretchedness. | luck ; misfortune.
MISDOUBT’, n. Suspicion of crime or dan- Miseryis as really the fruit of vice reigning Secure from worldly chances and mishaps.
ger. [Not used.] Shak. in the heart, as tares are the produce of tares Shak.
2. Irresolution ; hesitation. [Mot used.] sown in the field. J. Lathr op.||MISHAP’PEN, v. 7. 'To happen ill.
Shak. . Calamity; misfortune;atc Sag Spenser.
MISDOUBT'FUL, a. Misgiving. [ot us- are the cause of misery MISHE’AR, v. t. To mistake in hearing.
ed.] Spenser. And mourn the miseries of human life. | MISH'NA. x. A collection or digest of Jew-
MISE, n. meze. [Fr. mis, put, laid, pp. of Dryden. ish traditions and explanations of Serip-
mettre, L. mitto ; Norm, mise.] 3. Covetousness. [ot used.] Shak. ture.
 MIS MIS MIS
MISH'NIE€, a. Pertaining or relating to the To lead into a wrong way or path; to lead| MISOG/YNIST, n. [Gr. wiew, to hate, and
Mishna. Enfield. _Encyc. astray; to guide into error ; to cause to yen, Woman. |
MISIMPROVE, »v. t. misimproov'. To im- mistake ; to deceive. A woman hater. [Unusual.] Fuller.
prove to a bad purpose ; to abuse ; as, to Trust not servants who mislead or misinform MISOG'YNY, x. [supra.] Hatred of the fe-
misimprove time, talents, advantages. ou. Bacon. male sex.
MISIMPROVED, pp. Used to a bad pur- But ofthe two, less dangerous is th’ offense, MISOPIN’ION, n. Erroneous opinion.
To tire our patience, than mislead our sense.
ose. Pope.
Bp. Hall.
MISIMPROVEMENT, n. misimproov' ment. MISLE/ADER, nz. One who leads into error. MISOR’DER, v. t. To order ill; to manage
Tll use or employment; improvement to a MISLE/ADING, ppr. Leading into error; erroneously. Obs. Ascham.
bad purpose. causing to err; deceiving. 2. To manage ill; to conduct badly. Obs.
MISINFER,, v. t. To draw a wrong infer- MISLED’, pp. of mislead. Led into error; Shak.
ence. Hooker. led a wrong way. MISOR'DER, nx. Irregularity; disorderly
MISINFORM,, v. t. To give erroneous in- —To give due light proceedings. [We now use disorder.]
formation to ; to communicate an incorrect To the misled and lonely traveller. Milton. Camden.
statement of facts. Bacon. MISLI'KE, v. t. To dislike ; to disapprove; MISOR'DERLY, a. Irregular; disorderly.
MISINFORMA’‘TION, xz. Wrong informa- to have aversion to ; as, to mislike a man) MISPELL, MISPEND, &c. [See Miss-
Ascham.
tions ; false account or intelligence re- or an opinion. Raleigh. Sidney.
ceived. Bacon. South. spell, Miss-spend. |
[For this word, dislike is generally used.) |MISPERSUA‘DE, v. t. To persuade amiss,
MISINFORMED, pp. Wrongly informed. MISLI’KE, x. Dislike ; disapprobation ; or to lead to a wrong notion.
MISINFORW’ER, n. One that gives wrong Hooker.
aversion. MISPERSUA‘SION, zn. A false persuasion;
information. MISLIKED, pp. Disliked; disapproved. | wrong notion or opinion. Decay of Piety.
MISINFORM'ING, ppr. Communicating MISLIVKER, vn. One that dislikes.
erroneous information to. | MISPIK’EL, n. Arsenical pyrite; an ore of
MISLI’KING, ppr. Disliking ; disapproy- arsenic, containing this metal in combina-
MISINSTRU€TY’, v. ¢. To instruct amiss.
ing.
Hooker.
MISLIN, [See Meslin.]
MISINSTRU€’TION, n. Wrong instruc- MISLIVE, v. i. misliv’. To live amiss. [Not
| tion with iron, sometimes found in cubic
erystals, but more often without any regu-
tion. More. lar form. Fourcroy.
used. | Spenser.| MISPLA’CE, v. t. To put in a wrong place;
MISINTEL’LIGENCE, n. Wrong infor- MISLUCK,, n. Tl luck ; misfortune. | as, the book is misplaced.
mation ; disagreement. MIS’LY, a. [See Misle and Mist.] Raining 2. To place on an improper object; as, he
MISINTER’PRET, v. t. To interpret erro- in very small drops.
neously ; to understand or to explain in a misplaced his confidence. South.
IMISMAN/AGE, v. ¢t. To manage ill; to ad-| MISPLA’CED, pp. Put in a wrong place, or
wrong sense. Arbuthnot. minister improperly ; as, to mismanage
MISINTERPRETA’TION, n. The act off on an improper object.
ublic affairs. MISPLA/CING, ppr. Putting in a wrong
interpreting erroneously. \MISMAN‘AGE, v. 7. To behave ill; to con-
MISINTER/PRETED, a. Erroneously un- place, or-on a wrong object.
duct amiss. MISPLE’AD, v. ¢. To err in pleading.
derstood or explained. MISMAN’AGED, pp. Ul managed or con-
MISINTER’/PRETER, n. One who inter- Blackstone.
ducted. MISPLE’ADING, ppr. Makiug a mistake
prets erroneously. MISMAN/AGEMENT, n. Ill or improper!
MISINTER’PRETING, ppr. Erroneously in pleading.
management ; ill conduct; as the mis-
interpreting. MISPLE’/ADING, zn. A mistake in plead-
management of public or private affairs.
MISJOIN’, v. t. To join unfitly or improp- MISMAN’AGER, n. One that manages ill. ing.
erly. Milton. Dryden. MISPOINT’, v. t. To point improperly ; to
Burke. err in punctuation.
MISJOIN’ED, pp. Improperly united. MISMAN’AGING, ppr. Managing ill.
MISJOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or im- MISPRINT’, v. t. To mistake in printing;
properly. MISM‘ARK, v. t. To mark with the wrong) to print wrong.
MISJUDGE, v. t. misjudj’. To mistake in token ; to mark erroneously. Collier. MISPRINT’, x. A mistake in printing; a
judging of ; to judge erroneously. 'MISM‘ARKED, pp. Wrongly marked. deviation from the copy. Ch. Obs.
L Estrange.|| MISM‘ARKING, ppr. Marking erroneously. MISPRINT’ED, pp. Erroneously printed.
MISJUDGE, »v. ¢. misjudj’. To err in judg- MISMATCH,, v. t. To match unsuitably. MISPRINT’ING, ppr. Printing wrong.
ment ; to form false opinions or notions. Southern.| MISPRI/SE, z, Pr. meprendre, mepris ;
MISJUDG’ED, pp. Judged erroneously. MISMATCHED, pp. Unsuitably matched ; MISPRI'ZE, § “mes, wrong, and prendre,
MISJUDG/ING, ppr. Judging erroneously ill joined. | to take.]
of; forming a wrong opinion or inference. MISMATCHVING, ppr. Matebing in an un-) 1. To mistake. Shak.
MISJUDG/MENT, n. A wrong or unjust suitable manner. 2. To slight or undervalue.
determination. Hale. MISNA'ME, v. t. To call by the wrong O for those vanish’d hours, so much mis-
MIS/KIN, n. A little bagpipe. name. Boyle.| ris’d. 3 Hilihouse.
MISKIN’DLE, v. t. To kindle amiss; to MISNA/MED, pp. Called by a wrong name. MISPRISION, n. misprizh/un. [supra.] Ne-
inflame to a bad purpose. MISNA’MING, ppr. Calling by a wrong, glect ; contempt.
MISLA/‘ID, pp. Laid in a wrong place, or name. | ~ In law, any high offense under the degree of
place not recollected ; lost. MISNO’MER, x. [Old Fr. mes, wrong, and capital, but nearly bordering thereon. Mis-
MISLA’Y, v. t. To lay in a wrong place. nommer, to name. | prision is contained in every treason and
The fault is generally mislaid upon nature. In law, the mistaking of the true name of felony. Misprisions are divided into nega-
Locke. a person; amisnaming. [Misnosmer, as| tive and positive ; negative, which consist in
2. To lay ina place not recollected; to lose. written by Blackstone, must be a corrupt) the concealment of something which ought
Ifthe butler be the tell-tale, mislay a spoon orthography. In nodialect has name, L. no-, to be revealed ; and positive, which consist
so as he may never find it. Swift. men, been written with s, unless by mis-| in the commission of something which
MISLA‘YER. x. One that lays in a wrong take.] ought not to be done. \Misprision of treas-
place ; one that loses. Bacon. ‘MISOBE'DIENCE, ». Erroneous obedi-| on, consists in a bare knowledge and con-
MISLA‘YING, ppr. Laying in a wrong ence or disobedience. [JVot used.] || cealment of treason, without assenting to
place, or place not remembered ; losing. Milton. it. Blackstone.
MISLE, v. 7. mis/l. [from mist, and proper- MISOBSERVE, v. t. misobzerv’. To observe Maladministration in offices of -high
ly mistle.] inaccurately ; to mistake in observing. public trust, is a positive misprision. Ibm.
To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist. Locke. (3. Mistake; oversight ; contempt. [.Vot in
Gay. Derham. MISOG’AMIST, n. [Gr. piss,to hate, and) | wse.] Shak.
MISLE’AD, v. t. pret. and pp. misled. [See yamos, marriage. } MISPROCEE'DING, n. Wrong or irregu-
Lead.) \A hater of marriage. Jar proceeding. Bacon.
 MIS MIs MIS
MISPROFESS,, v. t. To make a false pro- an euphemism, or as a softer expression for lie||2, Mistake ; error.
fession; to make pretensions to skill which or falsehood, as to convey the idea generally of He did without any great miss in the hardesi
is not possessed. Donne. intentional falsehood. This signification how- points of grammar. [Little used.] |Ascham.
ever is not necessarily implied. ]
MISPRONOUNCE, v. t. mispronouns'. 'To 3. Harm from mistake. Obs. Spenser.
pronounce erroneously; as, to muispro- MISREPU’TE, v. t. To have in wrong esti- MIS’SAL, n. [It. messale; Fr. missel. See
nounce a word, a name, &c. mation. Mass.)
MISPRONOUNCE, v. 7. mispronouns’. : To MISREPU’TED, pp. or a. Erroneously re- The Romish mass-book. Stillingfleet.
speak incorrectly. Milton.uted. Milton. MISSA’Y, v. t. To say wrong; to slander.
MISPRONUNCIA/TION, xn. A wrong or MISRU’'LE, n. Disorder; confusion ; tumult [Little used.] Spenser.
improper pronunciation. Swift. from insubordination. MISSA’Y, v. 2. To speak ill. Spenser.
MISPROPO’RTION, »v. ¢. To err in propor- Enormous riot and misrule— Pope. MISSA’YING, n. Wrong expression.
tioning one thing to another; to join with- 2. Unjust domination. Milton.
out due proportion. MISRU'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; tur- MISSEE’M, v. i. To make a false appear-
MISPROUD’, a. Vitiously proud. [ot used.] bulent. Hall. ance. Spenser.
Shak. MISS, ». [supposed by Bailey to be con- 2. To misbecome. Obs. Spenser.
MISQUOTA’TION, n. An erroneous quo- tracted from mistress. But probably it is MIS/SEL,
tation ; the act of quoting wrong. from the Armoric mesell, a young lady, or MIS/SEL-BIRD, ;n. A species of thrush.
MISQUO’TE, v.t. To quote erroneously; contracted from Fr. demoiselle, Sp. dami- MIS/SELDINE, n. The mistletoe. [Not
to cite incorrectly. sola. See Damsel.} used. | Barret.
SU OLER; pp. Incorrectly quoted or 1. The title of a young woman or girl; as MISSEM’BLANCE, 2. False resemblance.
cited. little masters and misses. Swift. Spelman.
MISQUO’TING, ppr. Quoting or citing er- 2. A kept mistress; a prostitute retained ; a MISSERVE, v. t. misserv'. To serve unfaith-
roneously. concubine. Dryden. fully. Arbuthnot.
MISRA’TE, v.¢. To rate erroneously ; to es- MISS, v. t. [Sax. missian; D. G. missen ; MISSHA’PE, v. t. [See Shape.] To shape
timate falsely. Barrow. Sw. mista; Dan. mister; allied perhaps to ill; to give an ill form to; to deform.
MISRECI’TAL, n. An inaccurate recital. L. mitto, mist ; omitto, omisi. But this is not And horribly misshapes with ugly sights.
MISRECI'TE, v. t. To recite erroneously. certain. The Welsh has the word in me- Spenser.
Bramhall. thu, to fail, to miss, to become abortive, to} A misshaped figure. Pope.
MISRECI’TED, pp. Recited incorrectly. miscarry, to decay. See Class Md. No. 8. Misshapen mountains. Bentley.
MISRECI’TING, ppr. Reciting erroneously. 12. 13. 14.16. Hence the prefix mis.] MISSHA/PED, Ill formed ; deform-
MISRECK/ON, v. t. To reckon or compute 1. To fail in aim; to fail of reaching the ob- MISSHA’PEN, ,PP: ed ; ugly.
wrong. Swift. ject; not to hit ; as, to miss the mark; to MISSHA/PING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to.
MISRECK’ONED, pp. Reckoned or com- miss the object intended. MIS’SILE, a. [L. missilis, from missus, sent;
puted erroneously. 2.. To fail of finding the right way ; to err in mitto, to send.]
MISRECK’ONING, ppr. Reckoning wrong; attempting to find; as, to miss the way or Thrown or sent, or that may be thrown.
and as a noun, an erroneous computation. the road. A missile weapon is one that is thrown by
MISRELA’TE, v. ¢. To relate falsely or in- - To fail ofobtaining. the hand, or from an engine in war, in
accurately. Boyle. Orgalus feared nothing but to miss Parthenia. distinction from such as are held or re-
MISRELA’TED, pp. Erroneously related or Sidney. tained in the hand, or fixed. An arrow, a
told. 4. To learn or discover that something is dart, a javelin, a stone, a bullet, a bomb,
MISRELA’TING, ppr. Relating or telling wanting, or not where it was supposed to are missile weapons.
erroneously. be; as, to miss one’s snuff-box ; I missed MISS/ING, ppr. [from miss.] Failing to hit,
MISRELA’TION, n. Erroneous relation or the first volume of Livy. to reach or to find; discovering to be
narration. Bramhall. Neither missed we any thing—. Nothing was wanting.
MISREMEM’BER, »v. t. To mistake in re- missed ofall that pertained to him. 1 Sam. xxv. 2. a. Lost; absent from the place where it
membering ; not to remember correctly. 5. To be without; as, we cannot miss him. was expected to be found; wanting. My
Boyle. Obs. Shak. horse is missing; my pen or my book is
MISREMEM’BERED, pp. Inaccurately re- 6. To omit; to pass by; to go without; to missing’.
collected. For a time caught up to God, as once
fail to have; as, to miss a meal of vict- Moses was in the mount, and missing long.
MISREMEM’BERING, ppr. Remembering uals,
inaccurately. Milton.
She would never miss one day MIS/SION, n. [L. missio, from mitto, to
MISREPORT, v. t. To report erroneously; A walk so fine, a sight so gay. Prior. send.]
to give an incorrect account of. Locke. 7. To perceive the want of. 1. A sending or being sent, usually the lat-
MISREPORT, n. An erroneous report; a What by me thou hast lost, thou least shalt
ter; a being sent or delegated by author-
false or incorrect account given. miss. Milton.
He who has a firm sincere friend, may want ity, with certain powers for transacting
Denham. South. business ;commission ; as sent on a for-
MISREPORTED, pp. Incorrectly reported. all the rest without missing them. South.
eign mission.
MISE BEOR TING: ppr. Reporting incor- 8. To fail of seeing or finding. How to begin, how to accomplish best
rectly. MISS, v. 7. To fail to hit; to fly wide ; to de- His end of being on earth, and mission high.
MISREPRESENT’, v.¢. To represent false- viate from the true direction. Milton.
Jy or incorrectly ; to give a false or erro- Flying bullets now, . Persons sent; any number of persons ap-
neous representation, either maliciously, To execute his rage, appear too slow ;
They miss, or sweep but common souls pointed by authority to perform any ser-
ignorantly or carelessly, Swift. vice; particularly, the persons sent to
away. Waller.
MISREPRESENTA/TION, n. The act of propagate religion, or evangelize the
giving a false or erroneous representation. 2. Not to succeed; to fail. heathen. ‘The societies for propagating
Men observe when things hit, and not when
Swift. they miss— Bacon. the gospel have missions in almost every
2. A false or incorrect account given, either] 3. To fail; to miscarry, as by accident. country. Last week a mission sailed for
from mistake, carelessness or malice. The invention all admired, and each, how he the Sandwich isles. We have domestic
Alterbury. To be the inventor missed. Milton. missions and foreign missions.
MISREPRESENT’ED, pp. Falsely or erro- 4. To fail to obtain, learn or find ; with of. 3. Dismission ; discharge from service; a
neously represented. On the least reflection, we cannot miss of] Roman use of the word ; in English, obso-
MISREPRESENT’ER, n. One who gives them. Atterbury. lete. Bacon.
a false or erroneous account. 5. To fail; to mistake. Spenser. 4. Faction; party. [Not in use.] Shak.
MISREPRESENT'ING, ppr. Giving a false MISS, n. Loss; want. MIS’SIONARY, n. [Fr. missionaire.] One
or erroneous representation. There will be no great miss of those which sent to propagate religion. Christian mis-
{Vote. This word is so customarily used for! are lost. Locke. sionaries are called missionaries of the cross.
Vol. If. 17
 MIS MIS MIS
MIS/SIONARY, a. Pertaining to missions;||2. To take one thing or person for another. |MIST/INESS, n. [See Mist.] A state of
as a missionary meeting ; a missionary We mistake the eloquence of self-apology being misty; a state of thick rain in very
fund. for the animation of conscious integrity. small drops. Bacon.
MISSIONER, for missionary, is not used. Buckminster. MIS’TION, n. [L. mistus, miztus. See
MIS‘SIVE, a. [Fr.] Such as is sent; asa A man may mistake the love of virtue for the Mix.)
letter missive. : practice of it. Johnson.
1. A state of being mixed.
2. Thrown or sent, or such as may be sent; MISTA/KE, v. 7. To errin opinion or judg- 2. Mixture; a mingling. Boyle.
as a missive Weapon. Dryden. ment.
MISTI/TLE, v. t. To call by a wrong title
MIS‘SIVE, n. A letter sent, or a messen- Servants mistake, and sometimes occasion or name. Warburton.
ger. Bacon. Shak. misunderstanding among friends. Swift.
MISSPE’AK, v. 7. [See Speak.] To err or MISTA/KE, n. An error in opinion or judg- MISTITLED, pp. Wrongly named.
mistake in speaking. Shak. ment ; misconception. MISTLE, v. i. mis/l. [from mist.] To fall
MISSPE/AK, ». t. To utter wrong, in very fine drops, as rain. [See Missle.]
Infallibility is an absolute security of the un-
Donne. derstanding from all possibility of mistake.
MISTLETOE, s/o, Dax. mistelta5
MISSPELL, v. t. Tospell wrong ; to write Tillotson. MISLETOE, §¢” ™% Dan. mistel, the
or utter with wrong letters. same shrub, and birdlime; G. zd.]
2. A slip; a fault; an error. There is a A plant or shrub that grows on trees. It is
MISSPELL’ED, Spelled wrong, or mistake in the account or in the date.
MISSPELT’, * with wrong letters. MISTA‘KEN. In the use of this participle, of the genus Viscum. The berry contains
MISSPELL/ING, ppr. Spelling wrong. a glutinous substance, and the shrub is
there is a peculiarity which ought to be said to be propagated by birds. This
MISSPELL/ING, n. A wrong spelling; carefully noticed. When used ofpersons,
false orthography. plant was held in great veneration by the
it signifies to be in an error, to be wrong ; Druids. Bacon. Miller. Encyc.
MISSPEND,, v. t. To spend amiss ; to waste as, Lam mistaken, you are mistaken, heis MIST’LIKE, a. Resembling mist.
or consume to no purpose, or to a bad Shak.
mistaken. But when used of things, it MISTOLD, pp. Erroneously told. [See
one; as, to misspend time or money ; to
signifies misunderstood, misconceived; as, Tell.)
misspend life. Dryden. Rogers. the sense of the passage is mistaken, that
2. To waste. is, not rightly understood. MISTOOK’, pret. of mistake.
The genial moisture due
To apples, otherwise misspends itself. |MISTA/KER, x. One that mistakes or mis- MISTRA/‘IN, v. ¢ To train or educate
amiss. Spenser
Philips. understands.
MISSPEND/ER, x. One that consumes MISTA’‘KING, ppr. Making a mistake; er- MISTRANSLA’TE, v. ¢. To translate er-
prodigally or improperly. Norris. ring from the truth ;misconceiving. roneously. Macknight.
MISSPEND’ING, pp. Spending to no pur- MISTA’KING, n. An error; a mistake. MISTRANSLA’TED, pp. Erroneously ren-
pose, or to a bad one. Hall. dered into another language.
MISSPENSE, n. misspens’. A spending im- MISTA’KINGLY, adv. Erroneously ; false- MISTRANSLA’TING, ppr. Translating in-
properly ; a wasting. ly. Boyle. correctly.
MISSPENT’, ppr. Ul spent; expended or MISTAUGHT’, pp. Wrongly taught; as a MISTRANSLA’TION, n. An erroneous
consumed to no purpose, or to a bad one; mistaught youth. LLEstrange. translation or version.
as misspent time or life. MISTE’ACH, v.t. [See Teach.] To teach MIS’TRESS, n. [Fr. maitresse ; It. maestra,
MISSPO’KE, Uttered or spoken wrong ; to instruct erroneously. maestressa ; Sp. maestra ; L. magistra; Iv.
MISSPO’/KEN, * amiss. Sanderson. maigh is treas. See Master.]
MISSTA’TE, v. t. To state wrong ; to make MISTE/ACHING, ppr. Instructing erro- 1. A woman who governs ; correlative to
an erroneous representation of facts; as, neously. servant, slave, or subject.
to misstate a question in debate. MISTELL’, v. t. [See Vell.) To teil erro- My mistress here lies murdered in her bed.
Sanderson. neously. Shak
MISSTA’TED, pp. Stated erroneously. MISTEM’PER, v. t. 'To temper ill ; to dis- 2. The female head ofa family.
MISSTA’/TEMENT, n. A wrong statement ; order. Shak. 3. That which governs; asovereign. Rome
an erroneous representation, verbal or MISTEM’PERED, pp. Tempered ill. was mistress of the world.
written ; as a misstatement of facts in tes- MIS/TER, n. [The pronunciation of this 4. One that commands, or has possession
timony, or of accounts in a report. word is probably from the Welsh, Ger- and sovereignty. The queen is mistress of
Hamilton. man or Dutch dialect. See Master.] the Indies.
MISSTA’TING, ppr. Stating falsely or erro- The common title of address to gentlemen, 5. A female who is well skilled in any thing;
neously. and to menof all classes. In writing,it is as, she is mistress of arithmetic.
MIS'SY, n. The sulphate of iron, having lost expressed by the abbreviation Mr. 6. A woman teacher; an instructress of a
the water of its crystalization, is ealled MIS’‘TER, »v. t. 'To occasion loss. [Sw. mis- school. Swift.
sori; more thoroughly calcined, it is yel- ta.| [Not in use.] 7. A woman beloved and courted.
low, and called missy. Fourcroy. MISTERM,, v. t. To term or denominate Clarendon.
MIST, n. (Sax. D. mist; L. mizxtus, mis- erroneously. Shak. 8. A woman in keeping for lewd purposes.
tus, from misceo, to mix] MISTERM’ED, pp. Wrongly denomina- 9, A term of contemptuous address. Shak.
1. Water falling in very numerous, but fine ted. MIS‘TRESS, v. t. To wait upon a mistress ;
and almost imperceptible drops. MISTERM’ING, ppr. Denominating erro- to be courting. Donne.
A mist is a multitude of small but solid glob- neously. MIS’TRESS-SHIP, x. Female rule or do-
ules, which therefore descend. Grew. minion. Hall.
MIST’FUL, a. Clouded with mist.
2. That which dims or darkens, and ob- MISTHINK’, v. %. [See Think.! To think MISTRUST’, n. [Dan. mistrést. See Trust.]
scures or intercepts vision. wrong. [Liltle used.| Shak. Want of confidence or trust; suspicion.
His passion cast a mist before his sense. Milton.
Dryden. MISTHOUGHT’, pp. of misthink. Thought
MIST, v. t. To cloud; to cover with vapor. wrong of. MISTRUST’, v. t. [Dan. mistroer ;Sw. miss-
Shak. Adam, misthought of her to thee so dear. tro. See Trust.]
MIST-EN€UM’/BERED, a. Loaded with Afilton. To suspect; to doubt; to regard with jeal-
mist. J. Barlow. MISTI/ME, v.t. To time wrong ; not to ousy or suspicion.
MISTA/KABLE, a. That may be miscon- adapt to the time. Fate her own book mistrusted at the sight.
ceived or mistaken. Brown. MISTI/ME, v. i. To neglect the proper Cowley.
MISTA/KE, v. t. To take wrong; to con- time. MISTRUST’ED, pp. Suspected.
ceive or understand erroneously ; to mis- MISTIMED, pp. Ill timed; done at a MISTRUST’FUL, a. Suspicious ; doubt-
understand or misapprehenad. wrong time. ing; wanting confidence in. Waller.
*Tis to mistake them costs the time and pain. MISTI/MING, ppr. Ill timing ; doing un- MISTRUST’FULNESS, 2. Suspicion;
Pope. seasonably. doubt. Sidney,
 MIT MIT MIX
MISTRUST/FULLY, adv. With suspicion||4. The twentieth part of a grain. MITIGATIVE, a. Lenitive ; tending to al-
or doubt. ; Arbuthnot. leviate.
MISTRUST’ING, ppr. Suspecting; having |MITEL/LA, n. A plant. MIT’IGATOR, x. He or that which miti-
no confidence in. MITER, xn. [It. Sp. mitra; Fr. mitre ; gates.
MISTRUST’/INGLY, adv. With distrustor Arm. mintr.] MIT’TEN, n. [Fr. mitaine ; Ir. mitog, per-
suspicion. 3 1. A sacerdotal ornament worn on the head haps from math, the hand.]
MISTRUST’LESS, a. Unsuspecting ; un- by bishops and certain abbots, on solemn 1. A cover for the hand, worn to defend it
suspicious. Carew. occasions. Encye. from cold or other injury. It differs from
MISTU'NE, v.¢. To tune wrong .or erro- 2. In architecture, an angle of 45°. a glove, in not having a separate cover
neously ; to put out of tune. Skelton. Encyc. for each finger.
MISTURN,, v. t. To pervert. [Vot used.] 3. In Irish history, a sort of base money or 2. A cover for the arm only.
MISTU’TOR, v.¢. To instruct amiss. coin. Encye. To handle without mittens, to treat roughly ;
MIST’Y, a. [from mist.] Overspread with 4. Figuratively, the dignity of bishops or ab- a popular colloquial phrase.
mist; filled with very minute drops off bots. MIT’TENT, a. [L. mittens, from mitto, to
rain; as misty weather ; a misty MI’TER, v. t. To adorn with a miter,
atmos- send. ]
phere ; a misty night or day. 2. To unite at an angle of 45°. Sending forth ; emitting. [JVot used.]
Spenser. Pope. MI’TERED, pp. or a. Wearing a miter. Wiseman.
2. Dim; obscure ; clouded ; as misty sight. 2. Honored with the privilege of wearing a
MISUNDERSTAND,, v.t. To misconceive ; miter. MIT’TIMUS, n. [L. we send.] In law,a
to mistake ; to take in a wrong sense. 3. Cut or joined at an angle of 45°. precept or command in writing, under the
Locke. Addison. MITHI€.[See Mythic.] hand or hand and seal of a justice of the
peace or other proper officer, directed to
MISUNDERSTAND/ING, ppr. Mistaking MITH’RIDATE, n. In pharmacy, an anti-
the meaning. dote against poison, or a composition in the keeper of a prison, requiring him to
MISUNDERSTAND/ING, n. Misconcep- form of an electuary, supposed to serve imprison an offender ; a warrant of com-
tion ; mistake of the meaning; error. either as a remedy or a_ preservative 9 mitment to prison.
Bacon. against poison. It takes its name from
~ A writ for removing records from one
2. Disagreement ; difference ; dissension ;) Mithridates, king of Pontus, the inventor. court to another. Encye.
sometimes a softer name for quarrel. Encyc. MITU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, found
Swift.) MITHRIDAT‘TE€, a. .Pertaining to mithri- in Brazil.
MISUNDERSTOOD’, pp. Misconceived ; date, or its inventor, Mithridates. MI/TY, a. [from mite.] Having or abound-
mistaken ; understood erroneously. MITIGABLE, a. That may be mitigated.) | ing with mites.
South. Barrow. MIX, v. t. pret. and pp. mized or mizt. [Sax.
MISUSAGE, 2x. misyu'zage. Ill usage; MIT IGANT, a. [L. mitigans, mitigo, from miscan; G. mischen; Sp. mecer; Port.
abuse. mitis, mild; W. mezal, soft.] mexer, to stir, shake, mix ; L. misceo, mix-
MISUSE, v. ¢. misyu/ze. [Fr. mesuser. See 1. Softening: lenient; lenitive. tum; It. mischiare ; Ir. measgadh ; W. mys-
Use.] 2. Diminishing; easing ; as pain. gu; Arm. gemesga ; Russ. meshayu. The
1. To treat or use improperly; to use to a MITIGATE, v. t. [L. mitigo, from mitis, Gr. wyve forms wise. These words
bad purpose. Milton. soft, mild, W. mezal, Tr. maoth, muadh ;Ar. seem to coincide with the Heb. and Ch.
2. 'To abuse; to treat ill. -F-
MISUSE, n. misyu/se. Ill treatment; im- Sl. tobe tender or smooth. Class Md. yon, and Ar. aa to mix. The San-
proper use; employment to a bad_ pur- scrit misra, to mix, may be the same word.
pose; as the misuse of mercies. Addison. No. 1. 6. 25. 28.]
The radical sense is probably to stir, shake
2. Abuse ; ill treatment. Shak. - To alleviate, as suffering; to assuage; to or agitate. ]
3. Wrong application ;misapplication ; er- lessen; as, to mitigate pain or grief.
And counsel mitigates the greatest smart. . To unite or blend promiscuously two or
roneous use; as the misuse of words. more ingredients into a mass or com-
Locke. 2. To make less severe ; as, to mitigateSpenser. doom. pound ; applied both to solids and liquids;
MISUSED, pp. misyu'zed. Improperly used as, to mix flour and salt; to mix wines.
Milton.
or applied; misapplied; misemployed; To abate; to make lessrigorous; to mod- 2. To join; to associate ; to unite with in
abused. company.
erate ; as, to mitigate cold; to mitigate the
MISUSING, ppr. misyu'zing. Using improp- severity of the season. Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the
erly ;abusing; misapplying. people. Hos. vii.
. To temper; to moderate; to soften in
MISVOUCH,, v. t. To vouch falsely. harshness or severity. 3. To join; to mingle.
MISWEAR, v. t. To swear ill. Obs.
Bacon. We could wish that the rigor of their opinions]| You mix your sadness with some fear.
MISWED,, v. t. To wed improperly. were allayed and mitigated. Hooker. | Shak.
MISWED’DED, pp. Ill matched. To calm; to appease; to moderate ; as, 4. To unite with a crowd or multitude.
MISWEEN, »v.7. To misjudge; to distrust. to mitigate the fierceness of party. MIX, v. 7. To become united or blended
Spenser. Spectator. promiscuously in a mass or compound.
MISWEND,, v.i. To go wrong. Obs. To diminish ; to render more tolerable; Oil and water will not mix without the in-
Spenser. as, to mitigate the evils or calamities of}! tervention ofa third substance.
MISWRI'TE, v. t. [See Write.] To write life; to mitigate punishment. 2. To be joined or associated ; as, to mir
incorrectly. Bp. Cosin. 7. To reduce in amount or severity; as, to with the multitude, or to miz in society.
MISWROUGHT, a. misraut’. Badly mitigate a penalty. MIX’/ED, pp. United ina promiscuous mass
wrought. Bacon.| 8. To soften, or make mild and accessible; or compound ; blended ;joined ;mingled ;
MISY. [See Missy. | in a literal sense. associated.
MISZEALOUS, a. miszel/ous. Actuated by It was this opinion which mitigated kings 2. a. Promiscuous; consisting of various
false zeal. Bp. Hail. into companions. [Unusual.] Burke. kinds or different things ; as a mized mul-
MITE, n. [Sax. mite ;D. myl; Dan. mid ; Fr.| MITIGATED, pp. Softened; alleviated; titude.
mite ; Heb. Ch. wyn, small. Class Md.| moderated ; diminished. MIX’EN, x. A dunghill; a laystall.
No. 17.] MITIGATING, ppr. Softening; allevia- Johnson.
1. A very small insect of the genus Acarus. ting ; tempering ; moderating ; abating. |MIX’ER, m. One who mixes or mingles.
2. In Scripture, a small piece of money, the MITIGA’TION, n. [L. mitigatio.] Allevia-|) MIX'ING, ppr. Uniting or blending in a
quarter of a denarius, or about seven Eng- tion ; abatement or diminution of any mass or compound; joining in company;
lish farthings. Encyc. thing painful, harsh, severe, afilictive or associating.
3. Any thing proverbially very small; avery
little particle or quantity. Dryden.
calamitous ; as the mitigation of pain, grief) MIX'TILIN’EAL,
rigor, severity, punishment or penalty. MIXTILIN’EAR, ba.
[L. mixtus, mixed, and
linea, line.]
 MOA MOC MOC
Containing a mixture of lines, right, curved, MOANING, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing. him, saying, go up, thou bald head. 2 Kings
&c. Duncan. MOAT, n. [Ir. mota; Sp. id.; Fr. motte. ii. Mark x.
MIX’TION, n. [Fr.; from L. miztus.] Mix- The word signifies a bank or mound, that 3. To defeat; to illude; to disappoint; to
ture; promiscuous assemblage. Brown. is, a mass or collection. This sense is deceive ; as, to mock expectation.
MIXT’LY, adv. With mixture. Bacon. transferred to the ditch adjoining, as dike Thou hast mocked me and told me lies.
MIX’TURE, n. [L. miztura.] The act of is transferred to the bank.] Judg. xvi.
mixing, or state of being mixed. Com- In fortification, a ditch or deep trench round 4. To fool; to tantalize; to play on in con-
pounds are made by the mixture of differ- the rampart of a castle or other fortified tempt.
ent substances. place. It is sometimes filled with water. He will not
2. A mass or compound, consisting of differ- Encyc. Mock us with his blest sight, then snatch him
~ hence. Milton.
ent ingredients blended without order. MOAT, v. t. To surround with a ditch for
In this life there is a mixture of good and MOCK, v. 7. To make sport in contempt or
defense ; as a moated castle. Dryden. in jest, or to speak jestingly.
evil. Most wines in market are base mir- MOB, n. [from L. mobilis, movable, varia- When thou mockest, shall no man make thee
tures. ble. ashamed? Job xi.
3. The ingredient added and mixed. Cicero 1 A Teed or promiscuous multitude of} MOCK, n. Ridicule; derision; sneer; an
doubted whether it is possible for a com- people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly. act manifesting contempt.
munity to exist without a prevailing miz- 2. Adisorderly assembly. Fools make a mock at sin. Prov. xiv.
ture of piety in its constitution. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, What shall be the portion of those who make
. In pharmacy, a liquid medicine which re- every Athenian assembly would still have been a mock at every thing sacred ? Tillotson.
ceives into its composition not only ex- a mob. Federalist, Madison. 2. Imitation; mimicry. [Little used.]
tracts, salts and other substances dissolva- 3. A huddled dress. Steele. Crashaw.
ble in water, but earths, powders and oth- MOB, v. t. To attack in a disorderly crowd; MOCK, a. False 3 counterfeit ;assumed ;
er substances not dissolvable. Encyc. to harass tumultuously. imitating reality, but not real.
a . In chimistry, mixture differs from combi- 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail. That superior greatness and mock majesty—
nation. In muizture, the several ingredi- MOB’BISH, a. Like a mob; tumultuous; Spectator.
ents are blended without an alteration of, mean ; vulgar. MOCK’ABLE, a. Exposed to derision.
the substances, each of which still retains MOB’€AP, n. [D. mop.] A plain cap or Tittle used.| Shak.
its own nature and properties. In combi- head-dress for females. MOCK’AGE, n. Mockery. [Not used.]
nation, the substances unite by chimical MO’BILE, a. [Fr.] Movable. [.Vot used.} Elyot.
attraction, and losing their distinct proper- Skelton. MOCK’ED, pp. Imitated or mimicked in
ties, they form a compound differing in its MO’BILE, n. [Fr. from L. mobilis.] The derision ; laughed at; ridiculed ;defeated ;
roperties from either of the ingredients. mob ; the populace. South. illuded.
MIZ/MAZE, n. A cant word for a maze or Primum mobile, [L.] in the ancient astron- MOCK’ER, n. One that mocks; a scorner ;
labyrinth. Locke. omy, a ninth heaven or sphere, suppos- a scofter; a derider. South.
MIZZEN, n. miz/n. [It. mezzana, mizzen, ed to be beyond the fixed stars, and to 2. A deceiver; an impostor.
that is, middle, from mezzo, middle, half.} be the first mover of all the lower spheres. MOCK’ERY, n. The act of deriding and
{n sea-language, the aftermost of the fixed MOBILITY, n. (Fr. mobilité; L. mobilitas, exposing to contempt, by mimicking the
sails of a ship, extended sometimes by a from moveo, to move. ] words or actions of another.
gaff, and sometimes by a yard which 1, Susceptibility of motion; capacity of be- 2. Derision ; ridicule; sportive insult or con-
crosses the mast obliquely. Mar. Dict. ing moved. Wotton. tempt; contemptuous merriment at per-
MIZ/ZEN-MAST, n. The mast which sup- 2. Aptitude to motion; activity; readiness sons or things.
ports the after-sails, and stands nearest to to move. Arbuthnot. Grace at meals is now generally so performed
the stern. 3. In cant language, the populace. Dryden. as to look more like mockery upon devotion,
4. Fickleness; inconstancy. Ainsworth. than any solemn application of the mind to God.
MIZ‘ZLE, v. i. To mistle. [See Mistle.] Law.
MIZ’ZY, n. A bog or quagmire. MOB’LE, v. t. To wrap the headin a hood.
Ainsworth. Shak. . Sport; subject of laughter.
Of the holy place they madea mockery.
MNEMONIE, a. nemon‘ic. [infra.] Assist- MO€’€ASON, n. A shoe or cover for the Maccabees.
ing the memory. feet, made of deer-skin or other soft leth-
. Vain imitation or effort; that which de-
MNEMON’I€S, n. [from Gr. prnporixos, er, without a sole, and ornamented on the
ceives, disappoints or frustrates.
from pracuar, to remember. | upper side ; the customary shoe worn by It is as the air, invulnerable,
The art of memory ; the precepts and rules the native Indians. And our vain blows malicious mockery.
intended to teach the method of assisting MO/CHA-STONE, n. [from Mocha, in Ara- Shak.
the memory. Bailey. bia.] . Imitation; counterfeit appearance; false
MO, a. [Sax.ma; Scot. me.] More. Obs. Dendritic agate ; a mineral in the interior of] show.
Spenser. which appear brown, reddish brown, And bear about the mockery of woe
MOAN, »v. t. [Sax. menan, to moan, also to blackish or green delineations of shrubs To midnight dances. Pope.
mean, intend, signify. The primary sense destitute of leaves. These in some cases MOCK’ESON, n. The name of a serpent.
is to reach or stretch forward,or to throw may have been produced by the filtration MOCK/ING, ppr. Imitating in contempt;
out.| of the oxyds of iron and manganese ; but mimicking ; ridiculing by mimicry; treat-
To lament; to deplore; to bewail with an in other cases they appear to be vegetable ing with sneers and scorn; defeating; de-
audible voice. fibers, sometimes retaining their natural luding.
Ye floods, ye woods, ye echoes, moan form and color, and sometimes coated by MOCK/ING, n. Derision ; insult.
My dear Columbo dead and gone. Prior. oxyd ofiron. Cleaveland. MOCK/ING-BIRD, n. The mocking thrush
MOAN, v.7. To grieve ; to make lamenta- MOCK, ». t. [Fr. moquer; Gr. woxaw; W. of America; a bird of the genus Turdus.
tions. MOCK/INGLY, adv. By way of derision;
mociaw, to mock, and moc, a mimic; Ir.
Unpitied and unheard, where misery moans. in contempt.
Thomson.
magadh or mogadh, a mocking; Ch. Syr.
pr. Class Mg. No. 10.] MOCK/‘ING-STOCK, n. A butt of sport.
MOAN, nx. Lamentation; audible express- MOCKLE. [See Mickle.]
ion of sorrow ; grief expressed in words . Properly, to imitate ;to mimick ; hence, to
imitate in contempt or derision ; to mimick MOCK’-LEAD, A sulphuret
of zink, the
for the sake of derision; to deride by MOCK’-ORE, Rhea as blend, which
or cries.
Sullen moans,
Hollow groans. Pope. mimicry. see.
MOANED, pp. Lamented; deplored. 2. To deride; to laugh at; to ridicule; to MOCK’-ORANGE, n. A plant of the genus
MOANFUL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sor- treat with scorn or contempt. Philadelphus.
row. As he was going up by the way, there came MOCK’-PRIVET, n. A plant of the genus
MOANFULLY, adv. With lamentation. forth little children out of the city, and mocked Phillyrea.
 MOD MOD MOD
MODAL, a. [See Mode.]
Consisting in|3. Pattern; example; as, to form a govern- Each nymph but moderately fair. Waller.
mode only; relating to form; having the ment on the model of the British or Ameri- MOD’‘ERATENESS, 2x. State of being
form without the essence or reality; as can constitution. moderate ;temperateness; a middle state
the modal diversity of the faculties of the 4, Standard; that by which a thing is to be between extremes ; as the moderateness of
soul. Glanville. measured. the weather; used commonly of things,
MODAL ‘ITY, n. The quality of being mo- He that despairs, measures Providence by his as moderation is of persons. Johnson.
dal,or being in form only. own contracted model. South. MOD‘ERATING, ppr. Reducing in vio-
MODE, n. [Fr. mode; L. modus; Sp. It. 5. In painting and sculpture, that which is to
lence or excess; allaying; tempering;
modo ; W. moz; Ir. modh ; Sax. mete, ge- be copied or imitated; as the naked hu- becoming more mild.
met or gemett, from metan, gemetan, to man form. MODERA‘TION, n. [L. moderatio.] The
meet, to find, to measure or mete, L. me- 6. A pattern; any thing to be imitated. state of being moderate, or of keeping a
tior. The primary sense of mode is meas- Take Cicero, lord Chatham or Burke, due mean between extremes or excess of
ure, hence form. Measure is from ex- as a model of eloquence ; take Washington violence. The General’s moderation after
tending, the extent, hence a limit, and as a model of prudence, integrity and pa- victory was more honorable than the vie-
hence the derivative sense of restraining. triotism; above all, let Christ be the model tory itself.
See Meet and Measure.| of our benevolence, humility, obedience In moderation placing all my glory,
i. Manner of existing or being; manner; and patience. While tories call me whig, and whigs a tory.
method ; form; fashion; custom; way; 7. A copy ; representation ; something made Pope.
as the mode of speaking; the mode o in imitation of real life; as anatomical 2. Restraint of violent passions or indulgence
dressing ; modes of receiving or entertain- models, representing the parts of the body. of appetite. Eat and drink with modera-
ing company. General Pfiffer constructed a model of the tion ; indulge with moderation in pleasures
The duty of itself being resolved on, the mountainous parts of Switzerland. and exercise.
mode of doing it may be easily found. Taylor. MOD‘EL, v. t. [Fr. modeler.] ‘To plan 3. Calmness of mind; equanimity; as, to
It is applicable to particular acts, or toa or form in a_ particular manner ; to bear prosperity or adversity with modera-
series of acts, or to the common usage of) shape ; to imitate in planning or forming ; tion.
a city or nation. One man has a particular as, to model a house or a government; to 4. Frugality in expenses. Ainsworth.
mode of walking; another has a singular model an edifice according to the plan de- MODERA’TOR, n. He or that which mod-
mode of dressing his hair. We find it ne- lineated. erates or restrains. Contemplation is an
cessary to conform in some measure to MOD’‘ELED, pp. Formed according to a excellent moderator of the passions.
the usual modes of dress. model; planned; shaped; formed. 2. The person who presides over a meet-
2. Gradation; degree. MOD’/ELER, zn. A planner; a contriver. ing or assembly of people to preserve or-
What modes of sight between each wide ex- Spectator. der, propose questions, regulate the pro-
treme! Pope. MOD’ELING, ppr. Forming according to ceedings and declare the vote; as the
3. State; quality. Shak. a model; planning; forming; shaping. moderator of a town meeting or of a soci-
4, In metaphysics, the dependence or affec- MOD’ERATE, a. [L. moderatus, from mod- ety. Watts.
tion of asubstance. Such complex ideas eror, to limit, from modus, a limit.] MODERA’TORSHIP, n. The office of a
as contain not in them the supposition of 1. Literally, limited; restrained; hence, moderator. Elyot.
subsisting by themselves, but are consider- temperate ; observing reasonable bounds MOD/ERN, a. [Fr. moderne; It. Sp. mod-
ed as dependencies or affections of sub- in indulgence; as moderate in eating or erno. ‘This word seems to be formed from
stances, Locke calls modes. Of these he drinking, or in other gratifications. L. modo, and ern, which we find in other
makes two kinds ; simple modes, which are 2. Limited in quantity ;not excessive or ex- Latin words that have reference to time,
only variations or different combinations pensive. He keeps a moderate table. as in hodiernus, hesternus.]
of the same idea, as a dozen, which con- 3. Restrained in passion, ardor or temper; 1. Pertaining to the present time, or time
sists of so many units added together; not violent ; as moderate men of both par- not long past; late; recent; not ancient
and mized modes, which are compounded ties. or remote in past time; as modern days,
of simple ideas of several kinds, as beauty, 4. Not extreme in opinion; as a moderate ages or time; modern authors; modern
which is compounded of color and fig- Calvinist or Lutheran. fashions ;modern taste; modern practice.
ure. 5. Placed between extremes; holding the Bacon. Prior.
A mode is that which cannot subsist in and of| mean or middle place; as reformation of)?» Common; mean; vulgar. [Wot used.]
itself, but is esteemed as belonging to and sub-|| a moderate kind. Shak.
sisting by the help of some substance, which for G. Temperate; not extreme, violent or rig- MOD’/ERNISM, n. Modern practice ;some-
that reasonis called its subject. Watis. thing recently formed, particularly in wri-
orous; as moderate weather; a moderate
5. In music, a regular disposition of the air winter ; moderate heat ; a moderate breeze ting. Swift.
and accompaniments relative to certain of wind. MOD’ERNIST, n. One who admires the
principal sounds, on which a piece of mu- '7. Of a middle rate; as men of moderate moderns. Swift.
sic is formed, and which are called the es- abilities. MOD’ERNIZE, v. t. To render modern; to
sential sounds of the mode. Encye. 8. Not swift; asa moderate walk. adapt ancient compositions to modern
6. In grammar, a particular manner of con- MOD/ERATE, »v. t. To restrain from excess persons or things, or rather to adapt the
jugating verbs to express manner of ac- of any kind; to reduce from astate of vio- ancient style or idiom to modern style and
tion or being, as aftirmation, command, lence; to lessen; to allay; to repress ; as, taste.
cendition and the like; usually and not to moderate rage, action, desires, &c.; to MOD’/ERNIZED, pp. Rendered conforma-
very properly written mood. Mood is a ble to modern usage.
moderate heat or wind.
word of different signification. [See 2, To temper; to make temperate ; to qualify. MOD’‘ERNIZER, n. He that renders mod-
Mood. By its astringent quality, it soderates the re- ern. .
7. A kind of silk. laxing quality of warm water. Arbuthnot. MOD/ERNIZING, ppr. Rendering modern.
MODEL, n. mod'l. [Fr. modelle ; L. modu- MOD’/ERATE, v. 7. To become less vio- MOD’/ERNLY, adv. In modern times. [Not
lus, from modus.] . lent, severe, rigorous or intense. The cold in use.| Milton.
—_. A pattern of something to be made; any of winter usually moderates in March; the /MOD’‘ERNNESS, n. The quality of being
thing of a particular form, shape or con- heat of summer moderates in September. modern ; recentness ; novelty.
struction, intended for imitation; prima- MOD/ERATED, pp. Reduced in violence, MOD’ERNS, n. Those who have lived in
rily, a small pattern; a form in miniature! rigor or intensity; allayed; lessened ; times recently past, or are now living; op-
of something to be made on a larger tempered ; qualified. posed to the ancients. Boyle. Pope.
seale; as the model of a building; the MOD’ERATELY, adv. Temperately ;mild- MODEST, a. [Fr. modeste; L. modestus,
model of a fort. ly; without violence. from modus, a limit.]
~ A mold; something intended to give 2. Ina middle degree ; not excessively; as 1. Properly, restrained by a sense of propri-
shape to castings. Shak. water moderately warm. ety; hence, not forward or bold; not pre-
 MOD MOD MOT
sumptuous or arrogant; not boastful; as 2. Moderated : tempered ; qualified in ex- (MODULATOR, n. He or that which mod-
a modest youth; a modest man. ceptionable parts. ulates. The tongue is a principal modula-
2. Not bold or forward ; as a modest maid. MODIFIER, n. He or that which modifies. tor of the human voice.
The word may be thus used without ref- MODIFY, v. t. [Fr. modifier ; It. modificare ; MOD'ULE, n. [Fr.; from L. modulus.) A
erence to chastity. Sp. modificar ; L. modificor ;modus, limit, model or representation.
The blushing beauties of a modest maid. manner, and facio, to make.] we In architecture, a certain measure or size
Dryden. 1s To change the form or external qualities taken at pleasure for regulating the pro-
8. Not loose ; not lewd. ofa thing; to shape; to give anew form portion of columns, and the symmetry or
Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest of being to; as, to modify matter, light disposition of the whole building. The
wile. Shak. usual module of a column is its semidiam-
or sound. Newton. Holder.
4. Moderate ; not excessive or extreme ; not . To vary; to give a new form to any eter at the base. This is divided into
extravagant ; as a modest request ;modest thing; as, to modify the terms of a con- parts or minutes. Encyc.
joy ; a modest computation. Addison. tract. A prefix modifies the sense of a MOD/ULE, »v. t. To model; to shape; to
MOD’‘ESTLY, adv. Not boldly; not arro- verb. modulate. [Little used.]
gantly or presumptuously ; with due re- 3. To moderate ; to qualify ;to reduce in ex- MO‘DUS, n. [{L.] A compensation for
spect. He modestly expressed his opinions. tent or degree. tithes; an equivalent in money or other
2. Not loosely or wantonly; decently; as, Of his grace certain thing, given to a parson or vicar
to be modestly attired ;to behave modestly. He modifies his first severe decree. Dryden. by the owners of land in lieu of tithes.
3. Not excessively ; not extravagantly. MODIFY, v. 7. To extenuate. The whole phrase is modus decimandi ; but
MODESTY, n. [L. modestia.] That lowly L’ Estrange. modus alone is commonly used.
temper which accompanies a moderate es- MODIFYING, ppr. Changing the external Blackstone.
timate of one’s own worth and impor- qualities ;giving a new form to ; mode- MOD’WALL, n. A bird.
tance. ‘This temper when natural, springs rating. MOE, a. More. [.Vot used.] Hooker.
in some measure from timidity, and in MODILLION, n. modil/yun. [It. modighione; MOGUL’, n. The name ofa prince or em-
young and inexperienced persons, is allied Fr. modillon; from L. modiolus, from mo- peror of the nation in Asia called Moguls,
to bashfulness and diffidence. In_per- dus.| or Monguls.
sons who have seen the world, and lost In architecture, an ornament in the cornice MO/HAIR, n. [G. mohr, mohair, and a
their natural timidity, modesty springs no of the Ionic, Corinthian and Composite moor; Fr. moire ; Russ. mor.]
less from principle than from feeling, and columns; asort of bracket serving to sup- The hair of a kind of goat in Turkey, of
is manifested by retiring, unobtrusive port the projecture of the larmier or drip; which are made camlets, which are some-
manners, assuming less to itself than oth- a dental. Encyc. Harris. times called by the same name. —_Encyc.
ers are willing to yield, and conceding to MO'DISH, a. [from mode.] According to MO’HAIR-SHELL, n. In conchology, a pe-
others all due honor and respect, or even the mode or customary manner; fashion- culiar species of Voluta, of a closely and
more than they expect or require. able ; as a modish dress; a modish feast. finely reticulated texture, resembling on the
ci). Modesty, as an act or series of acts, con- surface mohair, or a close web of the silk-
Dryden.
sists in humble, unobtrusive deportment, MO'DISHLY, adv. Fashionably ; in the worm. Encye.
as opposed to extreme boldness, forward- customary mode. Locke. MOHAM’MEDAN, a. Pertaining to Mo-
ness, arrogance, presumption, audacity or hammed or Mahomet.
impudence. Thus we say, the petitioner MO’DISHNESS, n. The state of being fash- MOHAM’MEDAN, n. A follower of Mo-
urged his claims with modesty ; the speak- ionable. hammed, the founder of the religion of
er addressed the audience with modesty. 2. Affectation of the fashion. Johnson. Arabia and Persia.
. Moderation ; decency. Shak. MOD'ULATE, v. t. [L. modulor, from mo- MOHAM’MEDANISM, n. The religion or
. In females, modesty has the like character
ew dus, limit, measure. | doctrines and precepts of Mohammed, con-
as in males; but the word is used also as 1. To form sound to a certain key, or to a tained in a book called the Koran or Al-
synonymous with chastity, or purity o certain proportion, Johnson. Encye. koran.
manners. In this sense, modesty results 2. To vary or inflect sound in a natural, cus- MOHAM’MEDANIZE, v. t. To render con-
from purity of mind, or from the fear of} tomary or musical manner. Thus the or- formable to the modes or principles ofthe
disgrace and ignominy fortified by educa- gans of speech modulate the voice in read- Mohammedans.
tion and principle. Unaffected modesty is ing or speaking. MO’/HAWK, The appellation given to
the sweetest charm of female excellence, Could any person so modulate her voice as to MO’HOCK, § ” certain ruffians who in-
the richest gem in the diadem of their deceive so many. Broome. fested the streets of London; so called
honor. MOD‘ULATED, pp. Formed to a certain from the nation of Indians of that name in
MOD/ESTY-PIECE, x. A narrow lace key ; varied; inflected. America. Prior.
worn by females over the bosom. MOD'ULATING, ppr. Forming to a cer- MOIVDORE, n. A gold coin of Portugal,
Addison. tain proportion ; varying ; inflecting. valued at $6, or £1. 7s. sterling.
MOD‘ICUM, n. [L.] A little ; asmall quan- MODULA’TION, n. [L. modulatio ; Fr. MOVETY, n. [Fr. moitié ;,L. medietas; It.
tity. Dryden. modulation. | meta ; Sp. mitad.]
MODIFIABLE, a. [from modify.) That 1. The act of forming any thing to a certain The half; one of two equal parts; as a moie-
may be modified or diversified by various proportion; as the different proportion and ty of an estate, of goods or of profits;
forms and differences ; as modifiable mat- the motety ofa jury or ofa nation.
modulation of matter. Woodward.
ter. Locke. 2. The act ofinflecting the voice in reading Clarendon. Addison.
MODIFI€A‘TION, n. [from modify.] The or speaking ; a rising or falling of the MOIL, v.t. [Fr. mouiller.] To daub; to
act of modifying, or giving to any thing voice. Encye.
make dirty. [Little used.| Knolles.
new forms, or differences of external qual- 3. In music, the art of composing melody or 2. To weary. [See the next word.} ~
ities or modes. harmony agreeable to the laws prescribed Chapman.
If these powers of cogitation, volition and by any particular key, or of changing the MOIL, v. %. [Gr. woros, wwros, labor, combat ;
sensation are not inherent in matteras such, nor HwArew, to strive, to fight; L. molior, and
key, or of passing from one key to another.
acquirable to matter by any motion or modifica- H
Encyc. miles; Ar. kes to work, labor, per-
tion of it— Bentley.
Modulation is the manner of ascertaining
2. Particular form or manner ; as the various and managing the modes ; or more gene-
modifications of light or sound. The trea- form, to strive, to war; Heb. Ch. Syr.
rally, the art of conducting the harmony Sam. 5ny id. Class MI. No. 15. 12.]
ty, in several of its modifications, was held and air through several modes in a man- To labor; to toil; to work with painful
to be objectionable. Newton. Holder. ner agreeable to the ear and conformed to efforts.
MODIFIED, pp. Changed in form or ex- rules. Rousseau.| Now he must moil and drudge for one he
ternal qualities; varied ; diversified. 4. Sound modulated ; melody. Thomson. lothes. Dryden.
 MOL MOL MOL
MOIL, n. A spot. [Sax. mal.] [JVot in use.] some species of metal, cut or formed to the}1. A spot, mark or small permanent proti-
MOIST, a. [Fr. motte, for moiste ; Arm. shape designed, or are otherwise formed, berance on the human body, from which
mouest ; Russ, motzu, to wet. If the last each for its particular use. usually issue one or more hairs.
radical letter is a dental, this word may 2, Cast; form; as a writer of vulgar mold. ||2. [L. mola.] A mass of fleshy matter of a
belong to the family of L. madeo, Gr. wo- Waller. spherical figure, generated in the uterus.
Sao. See Class Ms. No. 1. and Class Md. 3. The suture or contexture ofthe skull. Encyc.
No. 1.] : Ainsworth. MOLE, n. [L. moles; Fr. mole; W. moel, a
1. Moderately wet; damp; as a movst at- 4. In ship-building, a thin flexible piece o heap, or mul, a mass.]
mosphere or air. h r tiniber, used as a pattern by which to form il. A mound or massive work formed of
Exhalation dusk and moist. Milton. the curves of the timbers and compassing large stones laid in the sea by means of
2. Containing water or other liquid in a per-| pieces. Encye. coffer dais, extended either in a right
ceptible degree. 5. Among gold beaters, anumber of pieces of line or an arch of a circle before a port,
MOISTEN, v. t. mois‘n. To make damp ; vellum or a like substance, laid over one which it serves to defend from the violent
to wet ina small degree. another, between which the leaves of gold impulse of the waves; thus protecting
A pipe alittle moistened on the inside. and silver are laid for beating. Encye. ships in a harbor. The word is sometimes
Bacon. MOLD, v. t. To cause to contract mold. used for the harbor itself. Encye.
His bones are moistened with marrow. Job 2
Knolles. i~- Among the Romans,a kind of mausoleum,
xxi. 2. To cover with mold or soil. Edwards. built like a round tower on a square base,
MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete. insulated, encompassed with columns and
MOISTENED, pp. mois'nd. Made wet in MOLD, v. 7%. To contract mold ; to become covered with a dome. Encyc.
a small degree. moldy. Bacon.
MOISTENER, x. mois’ner. He or that MOLD, v.¢. To form into a particular shape ; MOLE, n. [D. mol ; G. maulwurf, mold-
which moistens. to shape ; to model. warp; Sw. mullsork, mullvad or mull-
MOISTENING, ppr. mois'ning. Wetting He forgeth and moldeth metals. Hall.
warpel; Dan. muldvarp.]
moderately. Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay A small animal of the genus Talpa, which
MOIST’FUL, a. Fullof moisture. Drayton. To mold ime man ? Milton. in search of worms or other insects, forms
MOIST’NESS, n. Dampness ; a small de- 2. To knead ; as, to mold dough or bread. a road just under the surface of the ground,
ree of wetness. Addison. Ainsworth. raising the soil into a little ridge ; from
MOIST’URE, n. [Fr motteur.] A moderate MOLDABLE, a. That may be molded or which circumstance it is called a mold-
degree of wetness. formed. Bacon. warp, or mold-turner. The mole has very
Set such plants as require much moisture, on MOLDED, pp. Formed into a particular smail eyes. Ray.
sandy, dry grounds. Bacon. Lear of the mole to plow, the worm to
shape ; kneaded. weave. Pope.
2. A small quantity of any liquid; as the 2. Covered with mold.
moisture of the body. Shak ‘/MOLDER, n. He who molds or forms into MOLE, v. t. To clear of mole-hills. [Zocal.]
MOIST’Y, a. Drizzling. [Not in use.] Pegge.
shape. MO’‘LE-BAT, n. A fish. Ainsworth.
MOKES, ofa net, the meshes. [JVot in use.] MOLDER, v. 7. [Dan. mulner, Sw. multna,
Ainsworth. to grow aly MO'LE-€'AST, n. A little elevation of earth
MO’KY, a. [W. mwg ; from the root of smoke.] 1. To turn to dust by natural decay ; to made by a mole. Mortimer.
Muggy ; dark; murky. Obs. crumble ; to perish; to waste away by a MO‘'LE-CATCHER, x. One whose employ-
MO’LAR, a. [L. molaris.| Having power gradual separation of the component par- ment is to catch moles. Tusser.
to grind ; grinding ; as the molar teeth. ticles, without the presence of water. In MO’LE-€RICKET, n. An insect ofthe ge-
Bacon. this manner, animal and vegetable sub- nus Gryllus.
MOLASSES, an incorrect orthography of| stances molder, and so also do stones and MO/LEC€ULE, x. [Fr. from mole.] A very
melasses. shells. minute particle of matter. Molecules are
MOLD, n. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. mol ; When statues molder, and when arches fall. elementary, constituent, or integrant. The
D. Dan. mul; Sw. G. mull ; probably allied Prior. latter result from the union of the ele-
to mellow, L. mollis. See Mellow, Meal 2. To be diminished ; to waste away grad- mentary.
and Mill. It is incorrectly written mould.] ually. Dict. Nat. Hist. Fourcroy. Kirwan.
1. Fine soft earth, or earth easily pulveriz- If he had sat still, the enemy’s army would MO’LE-EYED, a. Having very small eyes;
ed, such as constitutes soil ; as black mold. have moldered to nothing. Clarendon. blind.
Ed. W. Indies. MOLDER, v. t. To turn to dust ; to crum- MO’LE-HILL, n. [W. malur.} A little hil-
A mortal substance of terrest tial mold. ble; to waste. lock or elevation of earth thrown up by
Hoole. Some felt the silent stroke of moldering age. moles working under ground; hence pro-
2, A substance like down which forms on Pope. verbially, a very small hill, or other small
bodies which lie long in warm and damp MOLDERING, ppr. Turning to dust ; thing, compared with a larger.
air. The microscope exhibits this sub- crumbling ; wasting away. —Having leaped over such mountains, lie down
stance as consisting of small plants. before a mole-hill. South.
MOLDINESS, nx. [from moldy.] The state
Encyc.| of being moldy. Bacon. MOLEST’, v. t. [Fr. molester ; It. molestare ;
3. Matter of which any thing is formed. MOLDING, ppr. [from mold.) Forming Sp. molestar ; from L. molestus, trouble-
Nature formed me of her softest mold. into shape ; kneading. some; Sp. moler, to grind, to molest, to
Addison. MOLDING, n. Any thing cast in a mold, or vex, L. molo. See Mill.)
To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy.
MOLD, n. [Sp. molde, a mold or matrix ; which appears to be so; hence, in archi-
moldar, amoldar, to cast; Port. molde, mol-| tecture, a projecture beyond the wall, col- They have molested the church with need-
less opposition. Hooker.
dar, id.; Fr.moule; Arm. moul; Dan. mul,| ump, wainscot, &c. an assemblage of |
muld ; W. mold, whence moldiaw, to mold,| which forms a cornice, a door-case, or oth- MOLESTA’TION, n. Disturbance; annoy-
work or knead. This may be radically, er decoration. Encye. ance; uneasiness given. [It usually ex-
the same word as mold, fine earth; a| MOLD-WARP, n. [Sax. mold and weorpan, presses less than veration.] Brown.
name taken from the material of molds. to turn. See Molec.) MOLEST’ED, pp. Disturbed ; troubled ;an-
The connection of matrix with mater and| A mole ; a small anirnal of the genus Talpa, noyed.
materia, fortifies this conjecture. ] that moves under ground and turns up the MOLEST’ER, x. One that disturbs.
The matrix in which any thing is east’ mold or surface of the earth. MOLEST’FUL, a. Troublesome.
and receives its form. Molds are of vari-, Spenser. Careav.| MOLEST’ING, ppr. Disturbing ; troubling.
ous kinds. ‘Molds for casting cannon, MOLDY, a. [from mold.] Overgrown with MO’/LE-TRACK, x. The course of a mole
and various vessels, are composed of some. mold. Addison. under ground. Mortimer.
species ofearth, particularly clay. Molds| MOLE, xn. [Sax. mel, mal; D. maal; G. MO’LE-WARP, 2. A mole. [See Mole and
for other purposes consist of a cayity in mahl.} Mold-warp.|
 MOL MON MON
MOLYB'DENOUS, a. Pertaining to molyb- Sea n. (Gr. povas, unity, from pores,
MO’LIEN, 2. A flowering tree of China. den, or obtained from it. The molybden- sole.
Grosier.
MOLIM’INOUS, a. [from L. molimen.] Very ous acid is the deutoxyd of molybdenum. 1. An ultimate atom, or simple unextended
important. [ot used.] More. MOLYB/DENUM, n. A metal which has point. Leibnitz.
MO'LINIST, zn. A follower of the opinions not been reduced into masses of any mag- 2. An indivisible thing. Good.
of Molina, a Spanish Jesuit, in respect to nitude, but has been obtained only in small MON’/ADELPH, n. [Gr. povos, sole, and
grace;
g an opposer of the Jansenists. separate globules, in a blackish, brilliant adeapos, brother.]
MOL/LIENT, a. [L. molliens, mollio. See mass. These are brittle and extremely In botany, a plant whose stamens are united
infusible. Nicholson. Ure. in one body by the filaments.
Mellow.)
Softening ;assuaging ;lessening. [See Emol- The most common natural compound MONADELPH‘IAN, a. Having the stamens
lient, which is generally used.] of this metal is a sulphuret. united in one body by the filaments.
MOL/LIFIABLE, a. [from mollify.] That Webster's Manual. MONAD'IE€, Having the nature or
may be softened. I MOME, n. (Fr. momon. See Mum.] A dull, MONAD‘I€AL, , character of amonad.
MOLLIFICA’TION, n. The act of mollify- silent person; a stupid fellow ;a stock; More.
ing or softening. a post. Johnson. Spenser. MONAN’DER, 2. [Gr. shoves, one, and arnp,
2. Mitigation ;an appeasing. Shak. MOMENT, n. [L. momentum. This word a male.]
MOL/LIFIED, pp. Softened; appeased. In botany, a plant having one stamen only.
is contracted from motamentum, or some Reet a. Having one stamen
MOL’/LIFIER, 2. That which softens, ap- other word, the radical verb of which sig- only.
peases or mitigates. nifies to move, rush, drive or fall sudden- MON’AREH, n. [It. Sp. monarca ; Fr. mon-
2. He that softens, mitigates or pacifies. ly, which sense gives that of force. The
MOL'LIFY, v. t. [L. mollio; Fr. mollir. See arque; Gr. wovapyns; movos, sole, and apyos,
sense of an instant of time is from falling a chief.]
Mellow.| To soften; to make soft or ten- or rushing, which accords well with that . The prince or ruler of a nation, who ex-
der. Is. i. seas of meet.] ercises all the powers of government
2. To assuage, as pain or irritation. 1. The most minute and indivisible part of, without control, or who is vested with ab-
3. To appease; to pacify; to calm or quiet. time; an instant.
Dryden. solute sovereign power ; an emperor, king
In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye.
4. To qualify ; to reduce in harshness or as- 1 Cor. xv.
or prince invested with an unlimited pow-
perity. Clarendon. 2. Force; impulsive power. er. This is the strict sense of the word.
—Touch with lightest moment of impulse, — A king or prince, the supreme magistrate
MOLLUS’€A, n. [from L. mollis, soft.] In of a nation, whose powers are in some re-
zoology, a division or class of animals His free will. Milton.
Tittle used ; but hence, spects limited by the constitution of the gov-
whose bodies are soft, without an internal ernment. Thus we call the king of Great
skeleton, or articulated covering. Some} 3. Importance in influence or effect ;conse- Britain a monarch, although he can make
of them breathe by lungs, others by gills; quence ; weight or value. no law without the consent of parliament.
some live on land, others in water. Some It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far
less moment to us than the others. Bentley. He or that which is superior to others of
of them are naked ; others testaceous or the same kind; as, an oak is called the
provided with shells. Many of them are MOMENTV/AL, a. Important. [.Vot in use.] monarch of the forest ; a lion the monarch
furnished with feelers or tentacula. MOMENTY’ALLY, adv. For a moment. of wild beasts.
Cuvier. Ed. Encye. Brown.
4, One that presides; president; as Bac-
MOLLUS’€AN, Pertaining to the mol- MOMENTANEOUS, MOMENTANY, not chus, monarch of the vine. Shak.
MOLLUS’€OUS, ,@Jusea, or partaking of] used. [See Momentary.] MON’ARE€H, a. Supreme; ruling ; as a mon-
their properties. [Molluscous is used, but MO’MENTARILY, adv. Every moment. arch savage. Pope.
Shenstone.
is less analogical than molluscan.| MONAREH/AL, a. Pertaining to a mon-
MO/MENTARY, a. Done in a moment; arch; suiting a monarch; sovereign; re-
MOLOS’SUS, xn. [Gr.] In Greek and Latin continuing only a moment; lasting a very
verse, a foot of three long syllables. gal; imperial.
short time; as a momentary pang.
MOLT, v. i. [W. moel, bald, bare, also as Satan, whom now transcendant glory raised
a noun, a heap, pile or conical hill with a Momentary as a sound, Above his fellows, with monarchal pride—
Swift as a shadow, short as any dream. , Milton.
smooth top ; moeli, to heap or pile, to make Shak.
bald. So bald, in English, seems to be con- MO'MENTLY, adv. For a moment. MON’/ARCHESS, n. A female monarch; an
nected with bold, that is, prominent. | empress.
2. In a moment; every moment. We mo- MONARE€H'TE€, Vested in a single
Toshed or cast the hair, fethers, skin, horns, mently expect the arrival of the mail.
&c.; as an animal. Fowls molt by losing MOMENT’OUS, a. Important ; weighty ; MONAREH'I€CAL, & ruler; as monarch-
their fethers, beasts by losing their hair, ical government or power.
of consequence. Let no false step be made 2. Pertaining to monarchy.
serpents by casting their skins, and deer in the momentous concerns of the soul.
their horns. The molting of the hawk is MON’AREHIST, n. An advocate of mon-
MOMENT’UM, n. [L.] In mechanics, impe- archy. Barrow.
called mewing. tus; the quantity of motion in a moving
MOLTEN, pp. of melt. Melted. Obs. MON’AR€HIZE, v. i. To play the king;
2. a. Made of melted metal; as a molten im- body. This is always equal to the quan- to act the monarch. Shak.
tity of matter multiplied into the velocity. MON'AR€HIZE, v. t. To rule; to govern.
age. Encyc.
MOLTING, ppr. Casting or shedding a nat- MON’ARECHY, n. [Gr. wovapyia. See Mon-
ural covering, as hair, fethers, skin or MOMMERY, n. [Fr. momerie, from : Mo- arch.|
MUM’/MERY, : mus, the god of raillery 1. A state or goverment in which the su-
horns.
MOLTING, n. The act or operation by and jesting.] preme power is lodged in the hands of a
which certain animals, annually or at cer- An entertainment or frolick in masks ; a far- single person. Such a state is usually
tain times, cast off or lose their hair, feth- cical entertainment in which masked per- called an empire or a kingdom; and we
ers, skins, horns, &e.
sons play antic tricks. Rowe. usually give this denomination to a large
MO’LY, n. [L. from Gr. warv.] Wild garlic, MO/MOT, n. The name of a genus of birds state only. But the same name is some-
a plant having a bulbous root. in 8. America, whose beak and tongue re- times given toa kingdom or state in which
MOLYB/DEN, 2 {Gr. morvSdawa, a mass semble the toucan’s. Ed. Encye. the power of the king or supreme magis-
MOLYB/DENA, §”" of Jead.] MON’/ACHAL, a. [Fr. from L. monachus, trate is limited by a constitution, or by
An ore of molybdenum, a scarce mineral of} Gr. wovayos, a monk.] fundamental laws. Such is the British
a peculiar form, and sometimes confound-|| Pertaining to monks or a monastic life ; mon- monarchy. Hence we speak of absolute or
ed with plumbago, from which however astic. despotic monarchies, and of limited mon-
it is distinguished by its more shining, sca- |MON/A€CHISM, n. [F'r.’monachisme ; Tt. mon-| archies.
ly appearance, and a more greasy feel. | achismo. See Monk.| The state of monks ; A free government has a great advantage
|| |
Encye. || a monastic life. over a simple monarchy. J. Adams.
 MON MON MON
2. A kingdom; an empire. Shak.|MONEYAGE, n. Anciently, in England, a|MONITOR, 2. [L.] One who warns of
MON’ASTERY, n. [F'r. monastére ;It.mon- general land tax levied by the two first | faults or informs of duty; one who gives
astero; Sp. monasterio; Low L. monaste- Norman kings, a shilling on each hearth. advice and instruction by way of reproof
rium; Gr. wovasypior, from povos, sole, sep- Hume. or caution.
arate ;W. mén.}
MONEY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding You need not be a monitor to the king.
money. Addison. Bacon.
A house of religious retirement, or of seclu- 2. In schools, a person authorized to look to
sion from ordinary temporal concerns, MONEY-BOX, aw. A box or till to hold
money. the scholars in the absence of the instruct-
whether an abbey, a priory or a nunnery. or, or to notice the absence or faults of the
he word is usually applied to the houses MONEY-BROKER, n. A broker who deals scholars, or to instruct a division or class.
of monks, mendicant friars and nuns. in money. . Johnson.
Encye. MONEY-CHANGER, xn. A broker who \MON’ITORY,a. Giving admonition ;warn-
deals in money or exchanges. ing; instructing by way of caution.
MONAS'TIE, ([Fr. monastique ; It. Arbuthnot. Losses, miscarriages and disappointments are
MONAS'TICAL, :* monastico; Low L. MONEYED, a. Rich in money; having monitory and instructive. LD’Estrange.
monasticus ; Gr. wovasixos, from povos, sole, money ; able to command money; used MON'‘ITORY, x. Admonition ;warning.
separate. | often in opposition to such as have their Bacon.
Pertaining to monasteries, monks and nuns}; MON'‘ITRESS, n. A female monitor.
wealth in real estate.
recluse ; secluded from the temporal con- Invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants. MONK, n. [Gr. povazos, from povos, W. mén,
cerns of life and devoted to religion; asa Bacon. sole, separate ;whence L. monachus ; Sax.
monastic life ;monastic orders. Denham. | monec, munuc; Fr. moine ; Arm. mannach ;
2. Consisting in money ; as moneyed capital. W. mynac ; Sans. muni.)
MONAS’TIE6, n. A monk. Hamilton’s Report.
MONAS’TI€ALLY, adv. Reclusely ; in a MONEYER, n. A banker; one who deals A man who retires from the ordinary tem-
retired manner ; in the manner of monks. poral concerns of the world, and devotes
in money. himself to religion. Monks usually live in
Swift.
2. A coiner of money. {Tattle used in either monasteries, on entering which they take
MONAS’TICISM, n. Monastic life.
Milner.
sense. a vow to observe certain rules. Some
MONEY-LENDER, n. One who lends mon- however live as hermits in solitude, and
MONDAY, n. [Sax. monandeg ; D. maan- ey.
dag; G. montag ; moon and day; being MONEYLESS, a. Destitute of money ; pen- others have lived a strolling life without
formerly sacred to that planet.] The sec- any fixed residence. Encye.
nyless. Swift. MONKERY, x. The life of monks; the
ond day of the week. MONEY-MATTER, n. An account consist- monastic life.
MONDE, n. [Fr.] The world; also, a globe, ing of charges of money ; an account be- MONKEY, xn. [It. monicchio.] The popular
an ensign of authority. Drummond.
tween debtor and creditor. © Arbuthnot. name of the ape and baboon. But in
MONE'CIAN, n. [Gr. povos, sole, and oxxos, MONEY-S€RIVENER, n. A person who zoology, monkey is more properly the
house. } raises money for others. Arbuthnot. name of those animals of the genus Simia,
In botany, one of that class of plants, whose MONEY-SPINNER, n. A small spider. which have long tails. Ray distributes
male and female flowers are on the same MONEY’S-WORTH, n. Something that animals of this kind into three classes;
plant. will bring money. : apes which have no tails; monkeys with
MONE‘CIAN, a. Pertaining to the class 0 2. Full value; the worth ofa thing in mon- long tails ;and baboons with short tails.
plants above described. ey. Encyc.
MONEY, zn. plu. moneys. [Sax. mynet; D. MONEY-WORT, n. A plant of the genus}, 2. A name of contempt or ofslight kindness.
munt, mint; G. miinze; Sw. mynt; Dan. Lysimachia. Johnson.
myndt, money or mint; Fr. monnoie; Ir. MONGER, 2. [Sax. mangere, from man- ‘MONKHOOD, n. The character of amonk.
monadh; W. mwnai; Sp. moneda; Port. gian, to trade, D. manger.) Atterbury.
moeda, contracted; L. It. moneta. Money A trader; a dealer ; now used only or chief- ‘MONKISH, a. Like a monk, or pertaining
and mint are the same word varied.] ly in composition; as fish-monger, iron- to monks; monastic ;as monkish manners;
1. Coin; stamped metal; any piece of met- monger, news-monger, cheese-monger. monkish dress ;monkish solitude.
al, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped MONGREL, a. [from Sax. mengan, to mix. \MONK’S HEAD, n. A plant of the genus
by public authority, and used as the me- See Mingle.] Leontodon.
dium of commerce. We sometimes give \Of a mixed breed; of different kinds. MONK’S HOOD, n. A plant of the genus
the name of money to other coined met- Swift. Aconitum.
als, and to any other material which rude MONGREL, x. An animal of a mixed breed.|| MONK’S RHUBARB, n. A plant of the ge-
nations use as a medium of trade. But \|MONIL‘IFORM, a. [L. monile, a necklace, nus Rumex, a species of dock.
among modern commercial nations, gold, and form.] MONOC’EROS, x. [Gr. povos, sole, and
silver and copper are the only metals used Like a necklace. Encye. xepas, horn.] The unicorn.
for this purpose. Gold and silver, con- MON IMENT, x. [L. monimentum, from mo- MON’O€HORD, xn. [Gr. povos, sole, only,
taining great value in a small compass, neo, to admonish. | and yopdx, chord.]
and being therefore of easy conveyance, 1. An inscription; something to preserve A musical instrument of one string. As its
and being also durable and little liable to memory. Obs. name imports, it had originally but one
diminution by use, are the most conven- 2. A mark ; an image; a superscription. string; but it is generally constructed
ient metals for coin or money, which is Spenser. with two, by means of which the musi-
the representative of commodities of all MON’ISH, v. ¢. To admonish ; to warn. cian is better enabled to try the propor-
kinds, of lands, and of every thing that is Not used.| [See Admonish.] tions of sounds and intervals, and judge of
capable of being transferred in commerce. MON’ISHER, x. An admonisher, which the harmony of two tempered notes.
Bank notes or bills of credit issued by au- see. Encyc.
thority, and exchangeable for coin or re- MON’ISHMENT, n. Admonition. Obs. In the proper sense of the word, a trum-
deemable, are also called money; as such MONI’TION, vn. [Fr. from L. monitio.] pet marine is considered a monochord.
notes in modern times represent coin, 1. Warning; instruction given by way of MONOCHROMATIC, a. [Gr. pores, sole,
and are used as a substitute for it. If a caution ; as the monitions of a friend. and zpwua, color.]
man pays in hand for goods in bank notes Swift. Consisting of one color, or presenting rays
which are current, he is said to pay in 2. Information; indication. oflight of one color only.
ready money. We have no visible monitions of other peri- Quart. Journ. Journ. of Science.
3. Wealth ; affluence. ods, such as we have of the day by successive MON’/OCOTYLE, Having
Money can neither open new avenues to light and darkness. Holder. MONOCOTYLED/ONOUS, ba. only one
pleasure, nor block up the passages of anguish.|| MON’ITIVE, a. Admonitory ;conveying ad- seed-lobe or seminal leaf.
Rambler. monition. Barrow. Martyn. Milne.
Vols ik. 18
 MON MON MON

MONOCOTYL/EDON, n. [Gr. {2s00s, sole, MON’/OME, name. |

x. [Gr. pores, sole, and ovoua, MONOSPERM’OUS, a. [Gr. govos, only,
and oxeppya, seed.| Having one seed only.
and xorvayder, a hollow.]
In botany, a plant with only one cotyledon In algebra, a quantity that has one name MON/OSTICH, n. [Gr. povosexor; povos,
or seed-lobe. only. Harris. only, and gcxos, verse.] A composition
MONO€’ULAR, a Gr. povos, sole, and MONOMIAL, n. In algebra, a quantity ex- consisting of one verse only.
MONO€'ULOUS, . oculus, eye.] ressed by one name or letter. MONOSTROPHI€, a. [Gr. povogpopos,
Having one eye only. Howell. MONOP’ATHY, n. [Gr. sovos, sole, and having one strophe.]
MON/OCULE, n. [supra.] An insect with nae, suffering.| Solitary suffering or Having one strophe only; not varied in
one eye. Pennant. sensibility. Whitlock. measure ; written in unvaried measure.
MON‘ODON, n. [Gr. povodovs, having one MONOPET’ALOUS, a. [Gr. povos, only, Mason.
tooth or shoot.] and zerador, flower-leaf.] MONOSYLLAB‘I€, a. [See Monosyllable.}
The unicorn fish, or sea-unicorn, which has In botany, having only one petal, or a one- 1. Consisting of one syllable ;as a monosyl-
a remarkable horn projecting from its petaled corol; as a monopetalous corol or labic word.
head. [This horn is really a tusk, of which flower. Martyn. 2. Consisting of words of one syllable; as a
there are two, but only one of them is usu- MON'OPHTHONG, n. [Gr. “ovos, sole, and monosyllabic verse.
ally developed. Cuvier.] _It is called also p9oyyos, sound.| A simple vowel-sound. MONOSYL’‘LABLE, n. [Gr. povos, only,
the monoceros, or horned narwhal. Its Beattie. and ovaaa6y, a syllable.] A word of one
usual size is from sixteen to twenty feet. MONOPHTHON’GAL, a. Consisting of a syllable.
Encye. simple vowel-sound. Beattie. MONOSYL’/LABLED, a. Formed into one
MON/ODY, n. [Gr. povad.a; moves, sole, and MONOPH’/YLLOUS, a. [Gr. povos, sole, and syllable. Cleaveland.
«67, song.]| A song or poem sung by one gvarov, leaf.]| Having one leaf only. MON’‘OTHEISM, n. [Gr. povos, only, and
person only. Johnson. MONOPH’YSITE, n. [Gr. povos, only, and Geos, God.]
MON’/OGAM, n. [Gr. povos, sole, and yauy, pvocs, nature.] The doctrine or belief of the existence of one
marriage. | One who maintains that Jesus Christ had but God only. Asiat. Res.
In botany, a plant that has a simple flower, one nature, or that the human and divine MONOTH’ELITE, n. [Gr. povos, one, and
though the anthers are united. Lee. nature were so united as to form one na- deagocs, will.]
MONOGAMTAN, a. Pertaining to the or- ture only. Encye. One who holds that Christ had but one
der of plants that have a simple flower. MONOP’/OLIST, ,n. USP: It. monopolis- will. Milner.
Lee. MONOP’OLIZER, §" ta. See Monopo- MON’OTONE, n. [See Monotony.] In
MONOG/AMIST, n. [supra.] One who dis- lize.] rhetoric, a sameness of sound, or the utter-
allows second marriages. Johnson. One that monopolizes; a person who en- ance of successive syllables on one unva-
MONOG/AMOUS, a. Having one wife only grosses a commodity by purchasing the ried key, without inflection or cadence.
and not permitted to marry a second. whole of thatarticle in market for the pur- Mason. EE. Porter.
MONOG/AMY, n. [supra.] The marriage pose of selling it at an advanced price ; or Lean Y. a. Monotonous. [Little
of one wife only, or the state of such as one who has a license or privilege granted used.
are restrained to a single wife. by authority, for the sole buying or selling MONOT’ONOUS, a. Continued in the same
Bp. Hall. of any commodity. The man who re- tone without inflection or cadence; un-
MON/OGRAM, n. [Gr. povos, sole, and tains in his hands his own produce or varied in tone.
manufacture, is not a monopolist within MONOT’ONOUSLY, adv. With one uni-
ypayma, letter]
A character or cypher composed of one, two the meaning of the laws for preventing form tone; without inflection of voice.
or more letters interwoven, being an monopolies. Nares.
abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c. MONOP'OLIZE, v. t. [Gr. povos, sole, and MONOTYONY, nx. [Gr. povorora; povos,
nore, to sell; Fr. monopoler. | sole, and tovos, sound. }
Encyc. 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the 1. Uniformity of tone or sound; want of in-
MON’OGRAMMAL, a. Sketching in the whole of any commodity or goods in mar- flections of voice in speaking ; want of ca-
manner of a monogram. Fotherby. ket with the view of selling them at ad- dence or modulation.
MON/OGRAPH, n. [Gr. movos, sole, and vanced prices, and of having the power of, 2. Uniformity; sameness.
ypape, to describe. ] commanding the prices; as, to monopo- At sea, every thing that breaks the monotony
An account or description of a single thing lize sugar or tea. of the surrounding expanse attracts attention.
or class of things; as a monograph of vio- 2. To engross or obtain by any means the Irving.
lets in botany; a ie of an Egyp- exclusive right of trading to any place, MONSIEUR, 2. [Fr.] Sir; Mr. Pope.
tian mummy. ourn. of Science. and the sole power of vending any com- MONSOON’, n. A periodical wind, blowing
MONOGRAPHIE, Drawn in lines modity or goods in a particular place o six months from the same quarter or point
MONOGRAPH ‘I€AL, ;% without colors. country ; as, to monopolize the India or of the compass, then changing and blowing
Bailey. Ash: Levant trade. the same time from the opposite quarter.
2. Pertaining toa monograph. 3. To obtain the whole ; as, to monopolize ad- The monsoons prevail in the East Indies,
MONOG/RAPHY, zn. [Gr. povos, sole, and vantages. Federalist, Jay. and are called also trade winds. But we
pape, to describe. | MONOP’OLY, 7. [Fr. monopole; L. mon- usually give the denomination of trade
A description drawn in lines without colors. opolium; Gr. wovorwaa; wovos and marew,] winds to those which blow the whole year
Qu. should not this be monogram ? The sole power of vending any species of from the same point, as the winds within
MON'OGYN, n. [Gr. hovos, sole, and yw, goods, obtained either by engrossing the the tropics on the Atlantic.
a female.] articles in market by purchase, or by a li- MON’STER, n. [L. monstrum, from mon-
In botany, a plant having only one style or cense from the government confirming stro, to show. So we say in English, a
stigma. Smith. this privilege. Thus the East India Com- sight. See Muster.]
MONOGYN/IAN, a. Pertaining to the or- pany in Great Britain has a monopoly i 1. An animal produced with a shape or with
der monogynia; having only one style the trade to the Hast Indies, granted to parts that are not natural, as when the
or stigma. them by charter. Monopolies by individu body is ill formed or distorted, or the
MONOLOGUE, 7. monolog. [Gr. povo20- als obtained by engrossing, are an offense limbs too few or too many, or when any
Yh 5 wovos, sole, and oyos, speech. } prohibited by law. But a man has by part is extravagantly out of proportion,
1. A soliloquy ; a speech uttered by a person natural right the exclusive power of vend- either through defect or excess.
alone. Dryden. ing his own produce or manufactures, and 2. Any unnatural production; something
2. A poem, song or scene composed for a to retain that exclusive right is not a mo- greatly deformed. Monsters are common
single performer. Busby: nopoly within the meaning of law. in the vegetable kingdom. Encyc.
MONOM/ACHY, n. [Gr. povouayia; povos, MONOP’TOTE, n. (Gr. movos, only, and 3. A person so wicked as to appear horrible ;
sole, and wayn,combat.] A duel; asingle nracs, case.| A noun having only one one unnaturally wicked or mischievous.
combat. 5 oblique case. Clarke. So a parricide is called a monster.
 MON MON MOO
MON’STER, v. t. To monstrous. A space or period of time constituting a di-//MONUMENT’ALLY, adv. By way of me-
make
Not used.| Shak. vision of the year. Month originally sig-||_morial. Gayton.
MON’STER-TAMING, a. Tamin nified the time of one revolution of the||MOOD, n. [Fr.mode; L. modus. See Mode.}
sters. moon, a lunation, or the period from one|/l. The form of an argument; the regular .
MONSTROS'ITY, x. The state of being change or conjunction of the moon with) determination of propositions according to
monstrous, or out of the common order 0 the sun to another, a period of 27 days, 7|| their quantity, as universal or particular,
nature. hours, 43 minutes and 5seconds. This is|| and their quality, as affirmative or nega-
We often read of monstrous births; but we' the periodical month, or as we generally|| tive. Watts. Encye.
see a greater monstrosity in education, when a call it, the lunar month. In this sense we||2. Style of music. Milton. Encyc.
father begets a son and trains him up into a still use the word month. But we alsoap-||3. The variation of a verb to express man-
beast. South. ply the term to the space of time in which} ner of action or being. [See Mode.]
2. An unnatural production; that which is the sun passes through one sign, or a In the foregoing senses, and in all cases,
monstrous. twelfth part of the zodiac. This period]! this word when derived from the Latin
Fabri arranges distortions, gibbosities, tumors, contains 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5|| modus, ought to be written mode, it being
&c. in the class of morbific monstrosities.
Encyc. seconds, and is called a solar month. Inj|__a distinct word from the following.
A monstrosity never changes the name or af- the year, there are twelve solar months,|MOOD, n. (Goth. mod, anger; Sax. Sw.
fects the immutability of aspecies. ddanson. and thirteen lunar months. mod, the mind, a lofty mind, pride, vio-
MON’STROUS, a. [L. monstrosus.] Un- In popular language, four weeks are|}| lence; modig, proud, spirited; G. muth,
natural in form; deviating greatly from called a month, being nearly the length o mind, mood, courage, mettle, spirit; D.
the natural form; out of the common the lunar month. A calendar month dif-|| moed; Dan. mood, mod, heart, courage,
fers in some degree from a solar month;j}
course of nature; as a monstrous birth or mettle. We observe these words unite
production. consisting of twenty eight, twenty nine,|| the sense of mind with that of spirit, cour-
2. Strange; very wonderful; generally ex- thirty or thirty one days, as the months|} age, anger, for the primary sense is de-
pressive of dislike. Shak. stand in calendars or almanacks. rived from moving, driving or rushing for-
3. Enormous; huge; extraordinary; as a MONTHLY, a. Continued a month or|| ward, or from exciting. _We observe
monstrous highth; a monstrous tree or performed in a month; as the monthly|| analogouscases in the L. animus and Gr.
mountain. Pope. revolution of the moon. Ovuos. Class Md. No. 19. 24. 25.]
4. Shocking to the sight or other senses; 2. Done or happening once a month, or eve-||1. Temper of mind ; temporary state of the
hateful. ry month; as the monthly concert of}; mind in regard to passion or feeling ;hu-
MON’STROUS, adv. Exceedingly; very prayer ; a monthly visit. mor; as a melancholy mood; an angry
much; as monstrous hard; monstrous MONTHLY, adv. Once a month; in eve-|| mood ; a suppliant mood. :
thick. ry month. The moon changes monthly. Dryden. Addison.
And will be monstrous witty on the poor. 2. As if under the influence of the moon ; in||2. Anger; heat of temper. Hooker.
. Dryden. the manner ofa lunatic. [ot used.] {In this sense little used, unless qualifi-
Aa use is colloquial and vulgar.] Middleton.|| ed by an adjective.)
MON’STROUSLY, adv. In a manner out MONTH’S-MIND, n. Earnest desire ;|MOOD/ILY, adv. [from moody.] Sadly.
of the common order of nature; hence. strong inclination. Hudibras.||__ Obs.
shockingly ; terribly; hideously; horri- MONTM'ARTRITE,x.A mineral ofayel-|MOOD'INESS, n. Anger; peevishness.
bly; as a man monstrously wicked. lowish color, occurring massive, and MeOU ys te es sore emery! Angry ;
2. To agreat degree ;enormously ; extrava- found at Montmartre, near Paris. It is Peeen Fet i 3 ae 2 eontec a
gantly. soft, but resists the weather. Itis a com- Nery DEC ws iiegouy malconvents CL
Who with his wife is monstrously in love. pound of the sulphate and carbonate o: 2. Mental ; intellectual; as moody food. Shak. Obs.
Dryden. lime. Ure.
3. Sad; pensive.
MON’STROUSNESS, n. The state of be-| MONTOIR, n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, 44. Violent ; furious.
ing monstrous. stone used for aiding to mount a horse. MOON, n. [Sax. mona; Goth. mena; Dan.
2. Enormity ; irregular nature or behavior. MON'UMENT, n. [L. monumentum, from maane ; Sw. mana; D. maan; G. mond ;
Shak. moneo, to admonish or remind.] Gr. unvn, Doric, wora; Lapponic, mana.]
MONTAN’TE, a. [L. montanus, from mons, 1. Any thing by which the memory of a per- —_. The heavenly orb which revolves round
mountain. ] son or an event is preserved or perpetua- the earth; a secondary planet or satellite
Pertaining to mountains; consisting in ted; a building, stone or other thing
of the earth, whose borrowed light is re-
mountains, Kirwan. placed or erected to remind men of the flected to the earth and serves to dispel
MON’TANISM, n. The tenets of Monta- person who raised it, or of a person de- the darkness of night. Its mean distance
nus. ceased, or of any remarkable event; as a from the earth is 603 semidiameters of the
MON’TANIST, n. A follower of the her- mausoleum, a pillar, a pyramid, a tri- earth, or 240,000 miles. Its revolution
esiarch Montanus, a Phrygian by birth, umphal arch, a tombstone and the like. round the earth in 27 days, 7 hours, 43
who pretended he was inspired by the A pillar of 200 feet in highth, composed minutes, constitutes the lunar month.
Holy Spirit and instructed in several of Portland stone, was erected in London 2. Amonth. ‘Thisis the sense in which rude
points not revealed to the apostles. His as a monument to preserve the memory o nations use the name of the moon; as
sect sprung up in the second century. the great conflagration in 1666. A monu- seven moons.
Encyc. ment is erected on Bunker Hill to com- Half-moon, in fortification, a figure resemb-
MONTANIST‘I€, a. Pertaining to the memorate the battle of June 17, 1775. ling acrescent.
heresy of Montanus. 2. A stone ora heap of stones or other du- MOON’-BEAM, n. A ray of light from the
MON’TANIZE, v. i. To follow the opin- rable thing, intended toshesmark the bounds
; moon. Dryden.
ions of Montanus. Hooker. of states, towns or distinct possessions, MOON’-€ALF, n. A monster; a false con-
MONT’ANT, n. [Fr. from monter, to mount.] and preserve the memory of divisional ception. Shak.
A term in fencing. Shak. lines. New England. 2. A mole or mass of fleshy matter genera-
MONTERO, n. [Sp. montera.] A horseman’s 3. A thing that reminds or gives notice. ted in the uterus.
cap. Bacon. MONUMENTYAL, a. Pertaining toa monu- 3. A dolt; a stupid fellow. Dryden.
MONTETH,, n. A vessel in which glasses ment ; as a monumental inscription. MOON’ED, a. Taken for the moon.
are washed ; so called from the name o 2. Serving as a monument; memorial ; pre- Milton.
the inventor. King. serving memory. MOON'ET, x. A iittle moon. Hail.
MONTH, n. [Sax. monath, from mona, the: Of pine or monumental oak. Milton. MOON’-EYE, n. An eye affected by the
moon; D.maand; G. monath ; Sw. ménad ; A work outlasting monumental brass. Pope. moon.
Dan. maaned ;L. mensis ;Gr. unr, a month, 3. Belonging to atomb; as monumental rest. MOON’-EYED, a. Having eyes affected by
from nv, the moon.] Crashaw.|| the revolutions of the moon.
 MOO MOO MOR
2. Dim-eyed; purblind. Ainsworth. MOOR, v. i. To be confined by cables or MOOT'ING, ppr. Disputing; debating for
MOON’-FISH, n. A fish whose tail is shap- chains. exercise.
ed like a half-moon. Grew. On oozy ground his galleys moor. Dryden. MOOT'ING, n. The exercise of disputing.
MOON‘ISH, a. Like the moon; wae MOOR’€OCK, A fowl of the genus| MOP, n. [W. mop or mopa ; L. mappa.] A
a k.||MOOR/FOWL, n. Tetrao, found in moors ; piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums or
MOON’LESS, a. Not favored with moon- MOOR’HEN, red-game ; gor-cock. coarse yarn fastened to a handle and used
light. Dryden. MOOR’ED, pp. Made fast in a station by for cleaning floors. Swift.
MOON’LIGHT, n. The light afforded by cables or chains. 2. A wry mouth. [ot used.] Shak.
the moon. MOOR'ING, ppr. Confining to a station by MOP, v. ¢. To rub or wipe with a mop.
MOON’LIGHT, a. Illuminated by the moon; cables or chains. MOP, v.%. To make a wry mouth. [Not
as moonlight revels. Shak. MOOR‘ING, n. In seamen’s language, moor- used. } Shak.
MOON’LING, n. A simpleton. B. Jonson. ings are the anchors, chains and bridles MOPE, v.i. [I have not found this word,
MOON’LOVED, a. Loved when the moon laid athwart the bottom of a river or har- unless in the D. moppen, to pout.} :
shines. Milton. bor to confine a ship. To be very stupid; to be very dull; to
MOON’-SAD,n. A plant of the genus Meni- MOOR‘ISH, a. Marshy; fenny; watery. drowse ; to be spiritless or gloomy.
spermum, having a rosaceous flower. Along the moorish fens. homson. Demoniac phrensy, moping melancholy.
Miller.
|
2. Pertaining to the Moors in Africa. Milton.
MOON’SHINE, n. The light of the moon. MOOR’LAND, n. A marsh or tract of low —Or but a sickly part of one true sense
Dryden. watery ground. Mortimer. Swift. Could not so mope. Shak.
2. In burlesque, a month. Shak. 2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, MOPE, v. t. To make stupid or spiritless.
1 matter of moonshine, a matter of no conse- cold and full of bogs, as in Staffordshire, MOPE, x. A stupid or low spirited person ;
quence or ofindifference. England. a drone.
MOON’SHINE, Illuminated by the MOOR’STONE, x. A species of granite. MO’PED, pp. Made stupid.
MOON’SHINY, ,@ moon;
asa fair moon- Woodward. A young, low spirited, moped creature.
shine night. Clarendon. MOOR’Y, a. Marshy; fenny ; boggy; wa- i Locke,
I went to see them in a moonshiny night. MO’PE-EYED, a. [Qu. Gr. xvod.) Short-
Addison. tery.
As when thick mists arise from moory vales. sighted; purblind. Bramhall.
MOON’STONE, n. A variety of adularia,
of a white color, or a yellowish or green- Fairfax. MO’PING, ppr. Affected
with dullness :
ish white, somewhat iridescent, found in MOOSE, n. moos. [a native Indian name.] spiritless ;gloomy.
blunt amorphous masses, or crystalized An animal of the genus Cervus, and the MO’/PISH, a. Dull; spiritless ; stupid ; de-
in truncated rhomboidal prisms, or in rec- largest of the deer kind, growing some- jected.
tangular tables, or in hexahedral prisms timesto the highth of 17 hands, and weigh- MO’PISHNESS, xn. Dejection ; dullness;
beveled at both ends. The surface is ing 1200 pounds. This animal has palmat- stupidity.
often suleated. Kirwan. ed horns, with a short thick neck, and an MOP’PET, ;n, [from mop; L. mappa.] A
MOON’STRUCK, a. Affected by the influ- upright mane of a light brown color. The MOP’SEY, § ~ rag-baby; a puppet made
ence of the moon; lunatic ; as moonstruck eyes are small, the ears a foot long, very of cloth; a fondling name of a little girl.
madness. Milton. broad and slouching ; the upper lip is; Dryden.
MOON-TRE’FOIL, n. A plant of the genus square, hangs over the lower one, and has} |MO/PUS, n. A mope ; a drone. Suift.
Medicago. a deep sulcus in the middle so as to ap- MOR’AL, a. [Fr. Sp. moral; It. morale;
pear bifid. This animal inhabits cold L. moralis, from mos, moris, manner. The
MOON’- WORT, n. A plant of the genus Lu-
naria; satin-flower ; honesty. northern climates, being found in the elements of this word are probably Mr.;
MOON’Y, a. Lunated ; having a crescent American forests of Canada and New but I know not the primary sense. The
for a standard; in resemblance of the England, and in the corresponding lati-
word coincides in elements with Ar, D saad
moon; as the moony troops or moony host tudes of Europe and Asia. It is the elk of]
of the sultans of Turkey. Europe. Encye. to pass, to walk.]
Philips. Fenton. MOOT, v. t. [Sax. motian, to meet, to de- 1. Relating to the practice, manners or con-
MOOR, n. [Sax. mor, a mountain, a pool or bate ; Sw. méta, to meet, to fall, to come duct of men as social beings in relation
lake, a plain; D. moer; G. mohr; Fr. ‘to or on; Goth. motyan. See Meet, of| to each other, and with reference to right
mare ; Dan. myre.] which this word is a different orthogra- and wrong. The word moral is applica-
1. A tract of Jand overrun with heath. phy. The sense of debate is from meet- ble to actions that are good or evil, vir-
Encyc. ing, like encounter, from the French ; for tuous or vicious, and has reference to the
2. A marsh; a fen; a tract of wet low meeting gives rise to the sense of opposing, law of God as the standard by which their
ground, or ground covered with stagnant and the Dan. mod and Sw. emot, against, character is to be determined. The word
water. a preposition answering to L. contra, Fr. however may be applied to actions which
MOOR, n. [D. moor; G. mohr; Fr. maure ; contre, is from this root.] affect only, or primarily and principally, a
Gr. apavpos, pavpos, dark, obscure. | To debate; to discuss; to argue for and person’s own happiness.
A native of the northern coast of Africa, call- against. The word is applied chiefly to Keep at the least within the compass of moral
ed by the Romans from the color of the the disputes of students in law, who state actions, which have in them vice or virtue.
people, Mauritania, the country of dark- a question and discuss it by way of exer- Hooker.
cise to qualify themselves for arguing Mankind is broken loose from moral bands.
complexioned people. ‘The same country Dryden.
is now called Morocco, Tunis, Algiers, causes in court. Subject to the moral law and capable of
&e. MOOT, v. i. To argue or plead on a sup- moral actions; bound to perform social
MOOR, v.t. [Sp. Port. amarra, a cable, posed cause. duties ; as a moral agent or being.
and a command to belay or fasten; amar- MOOT, A point, case or ques- 3. Supported by the evidence of reason or
rar,to moor, asa ship; Fr. amarrer; Arm, MOOT’-€ASE, }2.tion to be mooted or probability ;founded on experience of the
amarra; D. maaren ; allied probably to L. MOOT’-POINT, debated ; a disputable ordinary course of things; as moral cer-
moror, Fr. demeurer, to delay. It is com- case ; an unsettled question. tainty, distinguished from physical or
posed of the same elements as the Saxon In this moot-case your judgment to refuse. mathematical certainty or demonstration.
merran, amerran, amyrran, to hinder, to Dryden. Physical and mathematical certainty may be
mar.| MOOT’ED, pp. Debated ; disputed ; con- stiled infallible, and moral certainty may be
‘To confine or secure a ship in a particular troverted. properly stiled indubitable. Wilkins.
station, as by cables and anchors or by MOOT’ER, n. A disputer of amooted case. Things of a moral nature may be proved by
chains. A ship is never said to be moored, MOOT’-HALL, :Ag: A town hall; hall of} moral arguments. Tillotson.
when she rides by a single anchor. MOOT’-HOUSE, * judgment. Obs. 4. Conformed to rules of right, or to the di-
Mar. Dict. Wickliffe. vine law respecting social duties; vir-
 MOR MOR MOR
tuous; just; as when we say, a particu- motive of obedience to the divine will. What can laws do without morals ?
lar action is not moral. J Thisis the strict theological and scriptural) Frankiin.
5. Conformed to law and right in exterior sense of morality. But we often apply the MORASS’, n. [D. moeras, from moer, a
wepoikmieny ; as, he leads a good moral word to actions which accord with justice! marsh ; Sw. moras; G. morast ;Sax. merse ;
ife. and human laws, without reference to the Fr. marais; from mare or moor, a tract
6. Reasoning or instructing with regard to motives from which they proceed. | of level ground.]
vice and virtue. MORALIZA/TION, n. Moral reflections,| Amarsh; a fen; a tract of low moist ground.
Whilst thou, a moral fool, sitt’st still and or the act of making moral reflections. Watts. Thomson.
cri’st. Shak. Warton. MORASS’Y, a. Marshy ; fenny. Pennant.
7. In general, moral denotes something which 2. Explanation in a moral sense. Elyot. MORA’VIAN, a. Pertaining to Moravia.
respects the conduct of men and their re- MOR/ALIZE, v.t. [Fr. moraliser ; Sp.| MORA’VIAN, n. One of a religious sect,
lations as social beings whose actions have moralizar ; It. moralizzare.] called the United Brethren.
a bearing on each other’s rights and hap-) 1. To apply to a moral purpose, or to ex- MOR’BID, a. [L. morbidus, from morbus, a
piness, and are therefore right or wrong, plain in a moral sense. disease, from the root of morior, to die;
virtuous or vicious; as moral character; This fable is moralized in a common proverb. W. marw, to die, from mar, laid flat. The
moralviews; moral knowledge ; moral sen- L’ Estrange. sense of the verb then is to fall, fail or sink ; i
timents; moral maxims; moral approba- Did he not moralize this spectacle ? Shak.| Ir. marbh, W. marw, dead. In Ch. yr
tion ; moral doubts; moral justice ; moral 2. To furnish with manners or examples. is to be sick. Class Mr. No. 12.]
virtue ;moral obligations, &c. Or moral Spenser. |Diseased ; sickly ;not sound and healthful;
denotes something which respects the in- 3. To render moral or virtuous; to correct, as morbid humors; a morbid constitution ; \
the morals of a morbid state
tellectual powers of man, as distinct from
It had a large share in moralizing the poor, : Beer of the juices of a plant; a \
his physical powers. Thus we speak of| morbid sensibility. ®
moral evidence, moral arguments, moral white people of the country. Ramsay. |MOR’BIDNESS, n. A state of being diseas-
persuasion, moral certainty, moral {This sense, though the most strictly
force; | ed, sickly or unsound.
which operate on the mind. etymological, is rare, but not to be con- |MORBIF’I€, {Fr. morbifique ; L.
Moral law, the law of God which prescribes demned. MORBIF’ ICAL, ¢a morbus, disease, and
the moral or social duties, and prohibits MOR’ALIZE, v.i. To speak or write on facio, to make. ]
the transgression of them. moral subjects, or to make moral reflec- Causing disease ; generating a sickly state ;
Moral sense, au innate or natural sense o tions. as morbific matter.
right and wrong; an instinctive percep- MOR’ALIZED, pp. Applied toa moral pur- MORBIL’LOUS, a. [L. morbilli, measles, a
tion of what is right or wrong in moral pose, or explained in a moral sense. medical term from morbus.]
conduct, which approves some actions and 2. Rendered moral or less corrupt. Pertaining to the measles; measly ; partak-
disapproves others, independent of edu- Ch. Relig. Appeal. ing of the nature of measles, or resem-
cation or the knowledge of any positive MOR’/ALIZER, n. One who moralizes. bling the eruptions ofthat disease.
ruleorlaw. Butthe existence of any such MOR’/ALIZING, ppr. Applying to a moral MORBO’‘SE, a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding
moral sense is very much doubted. purpose, or explaining in a moral sense. from disease ; unsound ; unhealthy ; asa
Paley. Encyc. 2. Making moral reflections in words or wri- morbose tumor or excrescence in plants.
Moral philosophy, the science of manners and ting. Ray.
duty ; the science which treats of the na- MOR’ALIZING, n. The application offacts MORBOS'ITY, 2x. A diseased state.
ture and condition of man as a social be- to a moral purpose, or the making of; Brown.
ing, of the duties which result from his moral reflections. MORDA‘CIOUS, a. [L. mordaz, infra.]
social relations, and the reasons on which His moralizings are always pleasant, and he Biting ; given to biting. Evelyn.
they are founded. \ does not spare, where he thinks it useful to MORDA‘CIOUSLY, adv. In a biting man-
MOR/AL, n. Morality ;the doctrine or prac- moralize. Ch. Obs.
ner ; sarcastically. Waterhouse.
tice of the duties of life. [.Vot much used.} MOR/ALLY, adv. In a moral or ethical MORDAC'ITY, n. [L. mordacitas, from mor-
Prior. sense; according to the rules of morality.
deo, to bite.]
2. The doctrine inculeated by a fiction ; the} By good, morally so called, bonum honest- The quality of biting.
accommodation of a fable to form the um ought chiefly to be understood. South.
morals. 2. Virtuously ; honestly ; according to moral MOR'DANT, n. [Fr. biting.] A substance
rules in external deportment. He resolves which has a chimical affinity for coloring
The moral is the first business of the poet. matter and serves to fix colors ; such as
Dryden. to live morally.
According to the rules of the divine law. alum. Fourcroy.
MOR/AL, v. 7. To moralize. [Votin use.] MOR’DICANCY, n. A biting quality ; cor-
MOR’ALER, n. A moralizer. [.Vot in use.) An action is notin strictness morally good,
which does not proceed from good mo- rosiveness. Evelyn.
Shak.
ee n. [It. moralista ;Fr. moral- tives, or a principle of love and obedience MOR/DICANT, a. [Fr.; from L. mordeo, to
bite.]
iste. to the divine law and to the lawgiver.
Charity bestowed to . gratify pride, or jus- |
Biting ; acrid; as the mordicant quality of a
1. One who teaches the duties of life, or a . body. Boyle.
tice done by compulsion, cannot be morally
writer of essays intended to correct vice!
good in the sight of God. MORDIE€A’TION, n. [from L. mordeo, to
and inculeate moral duties. Addison.\| bite.]
2. One who practices moral duties; a mere . According to the evidence of human rea-
son or of probabilities, founded on facts
The act of biting or corroding ; corrosion.
moral person. Hammond. Another cause is the mordication of the orifi-
MORALITY, na. [Fr. moralité.]| The doc- or experience ; according to the usual ces, especially of the mesentery veins. Bacon.
trine or system of moral duties, or the du- course of things and human judgment. MORE, a. (Sax. more, mara or mare, more
ties of men in their social character ; eth- Itis morally impossible for a hypocrite to or greater; D. meer; G. mehr; Dan.
ics. keep himself long on his guard. L’ Estrange. meere ; Sw. mer. The Saxon ma and mo,
The system of morality to be gathered from} From the nature of things, I am morally cer- in Chaucer, have the same sense. In W.
the writings of ancient sages, falls very short of tain that a mind free from passion and prejudice mawr, Ir. mor, signifies great, in the posi-
that delivered in the gospel. Swift. is more fit to passa true judgment than one
biased by affection and interest. Wilkins. tive degree. The word may be contract-
2. The practice of the moral duties ; virtue. MOR'ALS, x. plu. The practice of the du- ed from mag, the root of L. magis ; mare,
We often admire the politeness of men ties of life ; as a man of correct morals. for mager ; but this is conjecture.]
whose morality we question. 2. Conduct ; behavior ; course of life, in re-) . Greater in quality, degree or amount ; in
3. The quality of an action which renders it gard to good and evil. f a general sense ; as more land ; more wa-
good ; the conformity of an act to the di- Some, as corrupt in their morals as vice could) ter ; more courage ; more virtue ; more
vine law, or to the principles of rectitude.) make them, have been solicitous to have their! power or wisdom ; more love ; more praise ;
This conformity implies that the act must children virtuously and piously educated. more light. It is applicable to every thing,
be performed by a free agent, and from a South. material or immaterial.
 MOR MOR MOR
2. Greater in number ; exceeding in num- consisting of grotesque pieces and com- ly part of the day ;as morning dew ;mori-
bers; aS more men; more virtues; more partments promiscuously interspersed. ing light ; morning service.
ears. Encyc. She looks as clear
The children of Israel are more than we. MOR’GLAY,n. [L. mors, death, and Celtic As morning roses newly washed with dew.
Ex. i. glaive, sword.] Shak.
3. Greater. A deadly weapon. MORNING-GOWN,7. A gown worn in the
‘The more part knew not why they had come MOR’GRAY, n. A Mediterranean fish o morning before one is formally dressed.
together. Acts xix. a pale reddish gray color, spotted. with Addison.
4. Added to some former number ; addi- brown and white. It is called also the MORNING-STAR, n. The planet Venus,
tional. rough hound-fish. It weighs about twen- when it precedes the sun in rising, and
But Montague demands one labor more. ty ounces and is well tasted. shines in the morning.
Addison.
MORE, adv. To a greater degree. Dict. Nat. Hist. MORO€’€O, n. A fine kind of lether ; leth-
MORICE. [See Morisco.] er dressed in a particular manner; said to
Israel loved Joseph more than all his chil- be borrowed from the Moors.
dren. Gen. xxxvii. MORIGERA’TION, n. [See Morigerous.]
Obsequiousness ; obedience. Obs. MORO'SE, a. [L. morosus; It. Sp. mo-
2. It is used with the. roso, slow, tardy. In Portuguese, moroso
They hated him yet the more. Gen. xxxvii. Bacon.
signifies dwelling on lewd thoughts; mo-
3. It is used to modify an adjective and MORIG’/EROUS, a. [L. morigerus ; mos, rosidade, the act of dwelling on such
form the comparative degree, having the moris, manner, and gero, to carry.]
thoughts. Morose then is from the root of
same force and effect as the termination Obedient ; obsequious. [Little used.] Dict. L. moror, to delay, stop, hinder, whence
er, in monosyllables ; as more wise ; more MOR'IL, n. [Fr. morille.] A mushroom o commoror, to dwell, Fr. demeurer, Eng.
illustrious ;more contemptible ; more du- the size of awalnut, abounding with little
holes. Encye. demur. 'The customary sense then is de-
rable. It may be used before all adjec- rived from the gloomy, sullen temper
tives which admit of comparison, and MORIL’LIFORM, a. Having the form o formed by habitually fixing the thoughts
must be used before polysyllables. the moril, a mushroom.
on some object.]
4. A second or another time ; again. T ex- MOR'ILLON, n. A fowl of the genus Anas. Ofa sour temper ;severe ; sullen and austere.
pected to hear of him no more. Pennant. Some have deserved censure for a murose
The dove returned not to him again any more. MOR'INEL, nz. A bird, called also dotteril. and affected taciturnity ; others have made
Gen. viii. MORIN’GA, n. A plant. speeches though they had nothing to say.
JVo more, not continuing ; existing no long- MOR‘ION, n. [Fr. from It. morione.] Ar- Watts.
er ;gone ; deceased or destroyed. Cas-
mor for the head ; a helmet or casque to MORO'SELY, adv. Sourly ; with sullen
sius is no more. Troy is no more. defend the head. Raleigh. Dryden. austerity.
No more is used in commands, in an el- MORIS’€O, [from Moor.] A dance, or MORO'SENESS, n. Sourness of temper ;
liptical form of address. Vo more! that is, MO’/RISK, §”* a dancer of the morris or sullenness. Moroseness is not precisely
say no more ;let me hear no more. In this moorish dance. [See Morris.] Shak. peevishness or fretfulness, though often ac-
use however. more, when the sentence is MOR’KIN, n. {[Sw. murken, putrefied ; or companied with it. It denotes more of
complete, is a noun or substitute for a Fr. mort, L. mortuus, dead, and kin, kind.] silence and severity or ill humor, than the
noun. Among hunters, a beast that has died by irritability or irritation which character-
Much more, in a greater degree or with more sickness or mischance. Bailey. izes peevishness.
readiness ; more abundantly. MOR’LAND, Mosoand Shier Learn good humor, never to oppose without
MO/RELAND,¢ ”: Moorland, which see.
More and more, with continual increase. just reason; abate some degrees of pride and
Amon trespassed more and more. 2 Chron. MOR’LING, ({Fr. mort, dead.] Wool mMoroseness. Watts.
xxxiii. MORT'LING, §” plucked from a dead MOROS'ITY, x. Moroseness. [.Vot used.|
MORE, a noun or substitute fora noun. A sheep. Ainsworth. Shak.
greater quantity, amount or number. MOR’MO, n. [Gr. wopua.] A bugbear ; false MOROX’YLIE, a. Moroxylic acid is obtain-
They gathered some more, some less. Ex. terror. Johnson. ed froma saline exsudation from the mor-
xvi. MORN, n. [Sax. marne, margene, mergen, rus alba or white mulberry.
They were more who died by hail-stones, morgen, Dan. D. G. morgen, Sw. mor- MOR’PHEW, n. [It. morfea.] A securf on
than they whom the children of Israel slew gon, morn, morning or morrow. In W. the face.
with the sword. Josh. x. mory, Ir. marach is morrow ; Scot. morn MOR’PHEW, »v. t. To cover with scurf.
God do so to thee and more also. 1 Sam. iii. or morne, morrow. In Goth. meryan sig- Bp. Hall.
There were more than forty who had made nifies to publish, that is, to open or throw MOR’PHIA, n. A vegetable alkali extract-
this conspiracy. Acts xxiii. forth; Orient. .ox. In Russ. morgayu ed from opium, of which it constitutes the
cw). Greater thing ; other thing ; something signifies to wink or twinkle ; Ice. morgnar, narcotic principle. Bigelow. Ure.
further. Here we rest; we can do no to grow light.] MOR’RICE, [Fr. moresque ; from
more. He conquered his enemies ; he did The first part of the day ; the morning ; a MOR’RIS, n.Moor.|_ A moorish
more, he conquered himself. word used chiefly in poetry. MOR’RIS-DANCE, dance ; a dance in
MORE, v.t. To make more. Obs. And blooming peace shall ever bless thy morn. imitation of the Moors, as sarabands, cha-
Gower. Prior. cons, &c. usually performed with casta-
MOREEN, n. A stuffused for curtains, &c. MORN’ING, n. [Sax. margene, morgen. See nets, tambours, &c. by young men in their
MOREL’,n. [It. morella; Fr. morelle.| Gar- Morn.] shirts, with bells at their feet and ribins of
den nightshade, a plant of the genus So- 1. The first part of the day, beginning at various colors tied round their arms and
Janum. twelve o’clock at night and extending to flung across their shoulders. Encye.
2. A kind of cherry. twelve atnoon. Thus we say, a star rises Nine men’s morrice, a kind of play with nine
MORELAND. [See Moorland. | at one o’clock in the morning. In a more holes in the ground. Shak.
MO/RENESS, n. Greatness. Obs. limited sense, morning is the time begin- MOR’RIS-DANCER, n. One who dances a
Wickliffe. ning an hour or two before sunrise, or at morris-dance. Temple.
MOREO’VER, adv. [more and over.] Be- break of day, and extending to the hour of MOR’RIS-PIKE, n. A moorish pike.
yond what has been said; further ; be- breakfast and of beginning the labors of| |MOR’/ROW, n. [Sax. morgen. But itseems
sides ; also ; likewise. the day. Among men of businessin large rather to be the Welsh mory, morrow.]
Moreover,by them is thy servant warned. cities, the morning extends to the hour of 1. The day next after the present.
Ps, xix. dining. Till this stormy night is gone,
MORESK’, 2 {Fr. from It. moresco, 2. The first or early part. And th’ eternal morrow dawn. Crashaw.
MORESQUE, § @ from Moro, a Moor.] In the morning of life, devote yourself to the | This word is often preceded by on or to.
Done after the manner of the Moors. service of the Most High. J. Clarke. | The Lord did that thing on the morrow. Ex.
MORESK’, n. A species of painting orcarv- MORN/ING, a. Pertaining to the first part 1X.
ing done after the Moorish manner, or early part of the day ; being in the ear-! | To morrow shall this sign be. Ex. viii.
 MOR MOR MOR
So we say, to night, to’ day. To morrow Wam poor mortals left behind. Tickel. fore the time specified for payment, that
is equivalent to on the morrow. It is often used in ludicrous and collo- is, between the time of contract and the
2. The next day subsequent to any day spe- quial language. time limited for payment, the estate is
ecified. IT can behold no mortal now. Prior. conditional, and the mortgagee is called
But if the sacrifice of his offering shall be a MORTAL'TY, n. [L. mortalitas.] Subjec- tenant in mortgage ; but on failure of pay-
vow or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the tion to death or the necessity of dying. ment at the time limited, the estate be-
same day that he offereth his sacrifice ;and on When | saw her die,
comes absolute in the mortgagee. But in
the morvow also the remainder of it shall be T then did think on your mortality. Carew.
this case, courts of equity interpose, and
eaten. Lev. vii- z 2. Death.
Good morrow, a term of salutation ; good Gladly would I meet if the estate is of more value than the
Mortality, my sentence. Milton. debt, they will on application grant a rea-
morning. sonable time for the mortgager to redeem
MORSE, n. mors. [Russ. morj.] In2 zoolo- 3. Frequency of death ; actual death o
gy, the sea-horse or walrus, an animal of great numbers of men or beasts ; as atime the estate. This is called the equity of re-
of great mortality. Graunt. demption. Blackstone.
the genus Trichechus, which sometimes
grows to the length of 18 feet. This ani- 4, Human nature. 2. The state of being pledged; as lands giv-
mal has a round head, small mouth and Take these tears, mortality’s relief. Pope. en in mortgage.
eyes, thick lips, a short neck, and a body 5. Power of destruction. [The term mortgage is applicable only
thick in the middle and tapering towards Mortality and mercy in Vienna, to real estate.]
the tai]. His skin is wrinkled, with short Live in thy tongue and heart. Shak. MORTGAGE, v. t. mor/gage. To grant an
hairs thinly dispersed. His legs are short MOR’TALIZE, v. t. To make mortal. estate in fee as security for money lent or
and loosely articulated, and he has five Broome. contracted to be paid at a certain time, on
toes on each foot connected by webs. MOR’TALLY, adv. Irrecoverably ; in a condition that if the debt shall be dis-
Teeth of this animal have been found manner that must cause death ; as mortal- charged according to the contract, the
which weighed thirty pounds. ‘These an- ly wounded. Dryden. grant shall be void, otherwise to remain
imals are gregarious, but shy and very 2. Extremely. in full force. It is customary to give a
Adrian mortally envied poets, painters and
fierce when attacked. They inhabit the artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to
mortgage for securing the repayment of
shores of Spitzbergen, Hudson’s bay and excel. Bacon. money lent, or the payment of the pur-
other places in high northern latitudes. MOR’TAR, n. [L. mortariwm ; Fr. mortier ; chase money of an estate, or for any other
Encye. Sp. mortero ; It. mortaio ;Dan. morter; D. debt.
MOR’SEL, n. [from L. morsus, a bite, from mortier; G. mérser; Russ. morter; Arm. 2. To pledge; to make liable to the pay-
mordeo. | mortez ; lr. moirteal ; allied perhaps to ment of any debt or expenditure.
1. Abite; a mouthful ; a small piece of food. Fr. marteau, Sp. martillo, a hammer, and Already a portion of the entire capital of the
Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a named from beating. See Class Mr. No. nation is mortgaged for the support of drunk-
new labor to a tired digestion. South. ards. L. Beecher.
10. 16. 25.]}
2. A piece ; a meal ; something to be eaten.
On these herbs and fruits and flowers 1. A vessel of wood or metal in form of an MORTGAGED, pp. mor'gaged. Conveyed
Feed first, on each beast next and fish and inverted bell, in which substances are in fee as security for the payment of mo-
fowl, pounded or bruised with a pestle. money.
No homely morsels. Milton. 2. A short piece of ordnance, thick and MORTGAGEE, n. morgagee’. The person
3. A small quantity of something not eata- wide, used for throwing bombs, carcases, to whom an estate is mortgaged.
ble. [Improper] : Boyle. shells, &c.; so named from its resem- MORTGAGER, 2. mor'gager. [from mort-
MOR/SURE, n. The act of biting. blance in shape to the utensil above de- gage. Mortgagor is an orthography that
MORT, n. (Fr. See Mortal.] A tune sound- scribed. should have no countenance. }
ed at the death of game. Shak. MOR’TAR, n. [D. mortel ; Fr. mortier ; G. The person who grants an estate as security
2. A salmon in his third year. Todd. mortel ; Sp. mortero ; Ir. moirteal. In oth- for a debt, as above specified.
MOR’TAL, a. [L. mortalis, from mors, death, er languages, as in English, the orthogra- MORTIF’EROUS, a. [L. mortifer; mors,
or morior, to die, that is, to fall; W. marw ; phy of this word and of the last is the death, and fero, to bring.}
Fr. mourir; Arm. mervel ; It. morire ; Sp. same, and perhaps this name is taken from Bringing or producing death; deadly; fa-
morir. See Class Mr. No. 12. 14.] beating and mixing.] ; tal; destructive. Hammond.
1. Subject to death; destined to die. Man A mixture of lime and sand with water, us- MORTIFICA/TION, n. [Fr. See Mortify.}
is mortal. ed as a cement for uniting stones and 1. In medicine and surgery, the death and
2. Deadly ; destructive to life ; causing bricks in walls. If the lime is slaked consequent putrefaction of one part of an
death, or that must cause death ; as a mor- and the materials mixed with lime water, animal body, while the rest is alive; or
tal wound ; mortal poison. the cement will be much stronger. the loss of heat and action in some part of
The fruit Encye. a living animal, followed by a dissolution
Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Mort d’ancestor. [KF'r. death of the ancestor.] of organic texture; gangrene ; sphacelus.
Brought death into the world, and all our woe— In law, a writ of assize, by which a de-
Milton.
Mortification is the local or partial death
mandant recovers possession of an estate ofa living animal body, and if not arrest-
3. Bringing death ; terminating life. from which he has been ousted, on the
Safe in the hand of one disposing power, ed, soon extinguishes life in the whole
death of his ancestor. Blackstone. body. We usually apply mortification to
Or in the natal or the mortal hour. Pope.
4. Deadly in malice or purpose ; as a mortal MOR’TER, n. [Fr. mortier.] A lamp or the local extinction of life and loss of or-
foe. In colloquial language, a mortal foe light. Obs. Chaucer. ganic texture in a living body. ‘The dis-
is an inveterate foe. MORTGAGE, n. mor'gage. [Fr. mort, dead, solution of the whole body after death, is
5. Exposing to certain death ; incurring the and gage, pledge.] called putrefaction.
penalty of death ;condemned to be pun- 1. Literally, a dead pledge; the grant of an 2. In Seripture, the actof subduing the pass-
ished with death; not venial ; as a mortal estate in fee as security for the payment of ions and appetites by penance, absti-
sin. money, and on the condition that if the nence or painful severities inflicted on the
6. Human ; belonging to man who is mor- money shall be paid according to the con- body. The mortification of the body by
tal ; as mortal wit or knowledge ; mortal tract, the grant shall be void, and the fasting has been the practice of almost all
power. mortgagee shall re-convey the estate to nations, and the mortification of the appe-
The voice of God the mortgager. Formerly the condition tites and passions by self-denial is always
To mortal ear is dreadful. Milton. was, that if the mortgager should repay a christian duty.
7. Extreme ; violent. [Not elegant.) the money at the day specified, he might 5. Humiliation or slight vexation; the state
The nymph grew pale, and ina mortal fright— then re-enter on the estate granted in of being humbled or depressed by disap-
Dryden. pledge ; but the modern practice is for the pointment, vexation, crosses, or any thing
MOR’TAL, n. Man; a being subject to mortgagee, on receiving payment, to re- that wounds or abases pride.
death ; a human being. | convey the land to the mortgager. Be- It is one of the vexatious mortifications of a
 MOR MOS MOS
studious man to have his thoughts disordered as, to mortise a beam into a post, or a joist musgo; Fr. mousse. The Greek word
by a tedious visit. L’ Estrange. into a girder. signifies also a young animal, and a shoot
We had the mortification to lose sight of' MOR’TISED, pp. Having a mortise ; joined or twig. Fromthe French mousse, comes
Munich, Augsburg and Ratisbon. Addison. by a mortise and tenon. mousseline, muslin, from its softness or re-
. Destruction of active qualities ;applied to MOR’TISING,
ppr. Making a mortise ; unit- semblance to moss. Lunier says it is from
metals. [See Mortify;
but I believe not ing by a mortise and tenon. Mossout, a city of pean etc?
used. Bacon. MORT’MAIN, n. [Fr. mort, dead, and main,|/The mosses are one of the seven families or
MOR’TIFIED, pp. Affected by sphacelus or hand.] classes into which all vegetables are di-
gangrene. In law, possession of lands or tenements in vided by Linne in the Philosophia Botan-
2, Humbled; subdued ; abased. dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate. ica. In Ray’s method, the mosses form
MOR’TIFIEDNESS, n. Humiliation ; sub- Alienation in mortmain is an alienation o the third-class, and in Tournefort’s, they
jection of the passions. Taylor. lands or tenements to any corporation, constitute a single genus. In the sexual
MOR’TIFIER, n. He or that which morti- sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or tempo- system, they are the second order of the
fies. ral, particularly to religious houses, by class eryptogamia, which contains all the
MOR’TIFY, v. t. [Fr. mortifier ;It. mortifi- which the estate becomes perpetually in- plants in which the parts of the flower and
care; Sp. mortificar ;L. mors, death, and herent in the corporation and unaliena- fruit are wanting or not conspicuous.
facio, to make.] ble. Blackstone. Milne.
1. To destroy the organic texture and vital MORT'’PAY, n. [Fr. mort, dead, and pay.] The mosses, musci, form a natural or-
functions of some part of a living animal ; Dead pay ;payment not made. |JVot used.| der of small plants, with leafy stems and
to change to sphacelus or gangrene. Ex- Bacon. narrow simple leaves. Their flowers are
treme inflammation speedily mortifies flesh. MOR’TRESS, n. [from mortar.] A dish of} generally monecian or diecian, and their
2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the meat of various kinds beaten together. seeds are contained ina capsule covered
bodily appetites by abstinence or rigorous [.Vot used.| Bacon. with a calyptra or hood. Ed. Encyc.
severities. MOR’TUARY, x. [Fr. mortuaire, pertaining The term moss is also applied to many
We mortify ourselves with fish. Brown. to the dead.] other small plants, particularly lichens,
With fasting mortified, wom out with tears. 1. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a custom- species of which are called tree-moss, rock-
Harte. ary gift claimed by and due to the minis- moss, coral-moss, &c. ‘The jfir-moss and
3. To subdue ; to abase; to humble ; to re- ter of a parish on the death of a parish- club-moss are of the genus Lycopodium.
duce ; to restrain; as inordinate passions. ioner. It seems to have been originally 2. [Sw. mdse.] A bog; a place where peat
Mortify thy learned lust. Prior. a voluntary bequest or donation, intended is found.
Mortify therefore your members which are
upon the earth. Col. iii.
to make amends for any failure in the MOSS, v. t. To cover with moss by natural
payment of tithes of which the deceased growth.
4. To humble; to depress; to affect with An oak whose boughs were mossed with age.
slight vexation. had been guilty. Blackstone.
How often is the ambitious man mortified 2. A burial place. Whitlock.| Shak.
with the very praises he receives, if they do not MOR’TUARY, a. Belonging to the burial of}MOSS’-€LAD, a. Clad or covered with
rise so high as he thinks they ought. the dead. moss. Litileton.
Addison. MOSA‘T€, a. s as z. [Fr. mosaique ;It. mo- MOSS’ED, Ait Overgrown with moss.
He is controlled by a nod, mortified by a saico; Sp. mosayco ; L. musivum.| MOSS-GROWN, a. Overgrown with moss ;
frown, and transported with a smile. 1. Mosaic work is an assemblage of little as moss-grown towers.
Addison. pieces of glass, marble, precious stones, MOSS'INESS, n. [from mossy.] The state
5. To destroy active powers or essential &c. of various colors, cut square and ce- of being overgrown with moss. — Bacon.
qualities. mented on a ground of stucco, in such a MOSS’-TROOPER, n. [moss and trooper.)
He mortified pearls in vinegar— Hakewill. manner as to imitate the colors and gra- A robber ; a bandit. Bp. of Dromore.
Quicksilver—mortified with turpentine. dations of painting. Encye. MOSS'’Y, a. Overgrown with moss ; abound-
Bacon. 2. [from Moses.] Pertaining to Moses, the ing with moss.
[J believe this application is not now in leader of the Israelites ; as the Mosaiclaw, Old trees are more mossy than young.
use.| rites or institutions. Bacon.
MOR’TIFY, v. 7. To lose vital heat and ac- MOS’cHATEL, n. [from Gr. pooxos, L. mus-
tion and suffer the dissolution of organic 2. Shaded or covered with moss, or border-
cus, musk. | ed with moss; as mossy brooks ;mossy
texture, as flesh; to corrupt or gangrene. A plant of the genus Adoxa, hollow root or
2. To be subdued. Johnson. fountains. Pope. Cowley.
inglorious. There is one species only, MOST, a. superl. of more. [Sax. mest, that
3. To practice severities and penance from whose leaves and flowers smell like musk ; is, ma and est ; Goth. maists; D. Dan.
religious motives. and hence it is sometimes called musk- meest ; G. meist ; Sw. mest, mast.]
This makes him give alms of all that he hath, crowfoot. Encye. 1. Consisting of the greatest number.
watch, fast and mortify. Law. MOSK, n. [Fr. mosquée; It. moschea; Sp.
That
scheme of life is to be preferred, which
MOR’TIF YING, ppr. Changing from sound- s One presents a prospect of the most advantages
ness to gangrene or sphacelus. mezquita; AY. N=\am-o masjidon, from with the fewest inconveniences.
2. Subduing ;humbling ; restraining. Most men will proclaim every one his own
3. a. Humiliating; tending to humble or ae ot Pot
goodness. Prov. xx.
abase. He met with a mortifying repulse. Xw\w sajada, to bend, bow, adore.]
MORTISE, n. mor‘tis. [Fr. mortaise ; Arm. A Mohammedan temple or place ofreligious| . Consisting of the greatest quantity ; great-
mortez ; Sp. mortaja ; Ir. mortis. The Ar- est; as the most part of the land or the
worship. Mosks are square buildings, mountain.
moric mortez signifies both a mortar and a generally constructed of stone. Before MOST, adv. In the greatest or highest de-
mortise, and the Spanish mortaja signifies the chief gate is a square court paved with
a mortise and a winding sheet or shroud. gree. Pursue that course of life which
white marble, and surrounded with a low will most tend to produce private happiness
In the latter sense, the Portuguese use
gallery whose roof is supported by pillars and public usefulness. Contemplations
mortalha, from mortal. These alliances
of marble. In this gallery the worshipers on the works of God expand the mind and
indicate that these words are all from the
root of mors, death, which may be from wash themselves before they enter the tend to produce most sublime views ofhis
mosk. Encye. power and wisdom.
beating or throwing down.]
A cut or hollow place made in timber by the MOSS, n. [Sax. meos; G. moos; D. mos ; As most is used to express the superlative
augur and chisel, to receive the tenon of Sw. mossa; W. mwswg, from mus, that degree, it is used before any adjective ; as
another piece of timber. shoots up, and of a strong scent; L. mus- most vile, most wicked, most illustrious.
MOR’TISE, v. t. To cut or make a mortise cus; Gr. wooxos. The two latter signify MOST, n. [used as a substitute for a noun,
in. moss and musk, both from shooting out; when the noun is omitted or understood. |
2. To join timbers by a tenon and mortise; hence Lt. musco, muschio; Sp. musco ; Port. 1. The greatest number or part.
 MOT
Then he began to upbraid the cities wherein
most of his mighty works were done. Matt. xi.
[This use seems to have resulted from
the omission of part, or some similar word,
and most in this case signifies greatest, that
is, the greatest part.]
2. The most, the greatest value, amount or
advantage, or the utmost in extent, de-
gree or effect.
A covetous man makes the most of what he
has, and can get. L’ Estrange.
At the most, the greatest degree or quantity ;
the utmost extent. Stock brings six per
cent. interest at the most, often less.
MOS‘TIE€, n. [G. mahlerstock, contracted.]
A painter’s staff or stick on which he rests
his hand in painting. insworth.
MOSTLY, adv. For the greatest part. The
exports of the U. States consist mostly of
cotton, rice, tobacco, flour and lumber.
MOSTW HAT, adv. For the most part. Obs.
Hammond.
MOT. [See Motto.]
MO’TACIL, n. [L. motaciila.| A bird of the
genus Motacilla or wagtail.
MOTE, in folkmote, &c. signifies a meeting,
Sax. mot, gemot.
MOTE, n. [Sax. mot: Sp. mota; W. ysmot,
a patch or spot.]
A small particle; any thing proverbially) slime formed in vinegar; and in all the
small; a spot. ; } languages of Europe here cited, the or-
Why beholdest thou the mote in thy broth-
er’s eye? Matt. vii.
The little motes in the sun do ever stir,
though there is no wind. Bacon.
MOTE, for mought, might or must, obso-
lete. Spenser.
MO’TET, n. [Fr.] A musical composition ;
an air or hymn. Herbert.
MOTH, n. [Sax. mogthe, mohth. moth or
matha ; Goth. matha ; D. mot; G. motte.]
1. An animal of the genus Phalena, which
breeds in yarn and garments, and often
does injury by eating the substance and
destroying the texture. Matt. vi.
The name is also applied to the whole
genus.
2. Figuratively, that which gradually and
silently eats, consumes or wastes any
thing. Idle persons are a moth to the
community.
MOTH’EAT, v. t. [moth and eat.] To eat or
prey upon, as a moth eats a garment.
Herbert.
MOTH’/EATEN, a. Eaten by moths. Job
xiii.
MOTH’EN, a. Full of moths. [ot in use.]
Falke.
MOTHER, n. [Sax. moder ;D. moeder, moth-
er, and modder, mud ; baar-moeder, the
womb; moer, mother, dam, womb, lees:
moerspul, hysterics ; [moer seems to be
a contraction of moeder;| moeder-naakt,
stark naked; G. mutter, mother, and the
thick slimy concretion in vinegar ; bdr-
mutter, the womb or matrix ; mutter-fieber,
a hysteric fit; mutter-lamm and mutter-
schaf, a ewe or female sheep; mutter-
flecken and mutter-mahl, 1 mole; mutter-
pferd, a mare, the female of the horse
kind ; mutter-scheide, the vagina; mutter-
nackt, stark naked ; moder, mud, mold.
Sw. moder, mother ; vin-moder, mother of|
wine ; moderfall, prolapsus uteri; moderlif,
the womb or matrix.
Dan. moder, mother ; moderskeede, the va-
Vol. IL.
MOT MOT
gina; moderen 7 quinder, the matrix ; mod- oldest or chiefof any thing; as a mother-
der or mudder, mud. church.
Ir. mathair, a mother, and matter, pus. 4, Hysterical passion. [Votused.] Graunt.
Gr. watyp, mother, and uytpa, matrix. 5. A familiar term of address or appellation
L. mater, mother ; matrix, the womb; of an old woman or matron.
materia, matter, stuff, materials of which 6. An appellation given to a woman who
any thing is made. exercises care and tenderness towards an-
It. madre, mother, cause, origin, root, other, or gives parental advice; as when
spring, a mold or form for castings; ma- one Bays, “a woman has been a mother to
tera or materia, matter, subject, cause ; me.”
matrice, the matrix. 7. A thick slimy substance concreted in li-
Sp. madre, mother, matrix, womb, the quors, particularly in vinegar, very differ-
bed ofa river,asink or sewer ; madriz, ma- ent from scum or common lees.
trix; materia, matter, purulent running. MOTHER of pearl, n. ‘The matrix of pearl ;
Port. madre, a mother, the matrix, the the shell in which pearls are generated ;
channel ofa river; materia, matter, pus. a species of Mytilus or Mussel. Encyc.
GC- = MOTHER of thyme, n. A plant of the genus
Pers. alo madar, a mother. Thymus.
MOTHER, a. Native ; natural ; received by
Sans. mada, madra, meddra or mata, birth ; as mother-wit.
mother. 2. Native; vernacular; recciyed from pa-
Russ. mat, mother ; matka, a female, a rents or ancestors 3 as mother-tongue.
matrix. MOTHER, v. i. To concrete, as the thick
Fr. mere, mother, contracted from the matter of liquors. Dryden.
Latin. MOTHER, v. t. To adopt as a son or daugh-
W. madrez, matter, purulent discharge. ter. Howell.
We observe that in some other langua- MOTHERHOOD, n. The state of being a
ges, as well as in English, the same word mother. Donne.
signifies a female parent, and the thick MOTHER-IN-LAW, n. The mother of a
husband or wife.
MOFTHERLESS, a. Destitute of a mother;
thography is nearly the same as that of having lost a mother; as motherless chil-
mud and matter. ‘The question then oc- dren.
curs whether the name ofa female parent MOTHERLY, a. Pertaining to a mother;
originated in a word expressing matter, as motherly power or authority. _Hooker.
mold; either the soil of the earth, as the 2. Becoming a mother; tender; parental;
producer, or the like substance, when as motherly love or care. Arbuthnot.
shaped and fitted as a mold for castings; MOTHERLY, adv. In the manner of a
or whether the name is connected with mother. Donne.
the opinion that the earth is the mother o MOTHER-WATER, n. A fluid remaining
all productions ; whence the word mother- after the evaporation of salt water, and
earth. We are informed by a fragment containing deliquescent salts and impuri-
of Sanchoniathon, that the ancient Pheni- ties. Ure.
cians considered mud, war, to be the sub- MOTHER-WIT, n. Native wit; common
stance from which all things were formed. sense.
See Mud. The word matter is evidently MOTHER-WORT, x. A plant of the genus
Leonurus.
from the’ Ar: A. madda, to secrete, MOTHERY, a. Concreted; resembling or
eject or discharge a purulent substance; partaking of the nature of mother ; as the
and I think cannot have any direct con- mothery substance in liquors.
nection with mud. But in the Italian, MOTH’MULLEN, n. A plant. Miler.
Spanish and Portuguese, the same word MOTH’WORT, n. A plant.
madre signifies mother, and a mold for MOTH’Y, a. [from moth.] Full of moths;
castings; and the northern languages, as an old mothy saddle. Shak.
particularly the German and Danish, seem MO’TION, xn. [L. motio; Fr. motion. See
to establish the fact that the proper sense Move.] The act or process of changing
of mother is matrix. Hence mother of pear, place ; change oflocal position ; the pass-
the matrix of pearl. If this word had its ing of a body from one place to another;
origin in the name of the earth used for change of distance between bodies; op-
the forms of castings, it would not be a posed to rest.
singular facet; for our word mold, in this Animal motion is that which is performed
sense, I suppose to be so named from by animals in consequence of volition or an
mold, fine earth. ‘The question remains act of the will; but how the will operates
sub judice.| on the body in producing motion, we
1. A female parent; especially, one of the cannot explain. Mechanical motion is ef-
human race ; a Woman who has borne a fected by the force or power of one body
child ; correlative to son or daughter. acting on another. Perpetual motion is
2. That which has produced any thing. that which is effected or supplied by it-
Alas, poor country ! it cannot self, without the impulse orintervention of
Be called our mother, but our grave. Shak. any external cause. Hitherto it has been
So our native land is called mother coun- found impossible to invent a machine that
try, anda plant from which a slip or cion is has this principle.
taken, is called the mother plant. In this 2. Animal life and action.
use, mother may be considered as an ad- Devoid of sense and motion. Milton.
jective. 3. Manner of moving the body; port; gait;
3. That which has preceded in time; the air.
19
 MOT MOU MOU
Each member move and every motion guide. Primarily, a word; but more commonly, a 2. To ascend; to climb; to get upon an ele-
Blackmore. sentence or phrase prefixed to an essay or vated place ; as, to mount a throne.
- Change ofposture ; action. discourse, containing the subject of it, or 3. To place one’s self on horseback ; as, to
Watching the motion of her patron’s 289) added to a device. mount a horse.
n. In heraldry, the motto is carried in a scroll, 4, To furnish with horses; as, to mount a
Military march or movement. Milton. alluding to the bearing or to the name o troop. The dragoons were well mounted.
Agitation ; as the motions of the sea. the bearer, or expressing some important 5. To put on or cover with something; to
Internal action; excitement; as the mo- idea. embellish with ornaments; as, to mount a
tions of the breast. Gay. MOULD, an incorrect orthography. [See sword.
Direction; tendency. Mold, and its derivatives.] 6. To carry; to be furnished with; as, a
In our proper motion we ascend. Milton.
MOULT. [See Molt.] ship ofthe line mounts seventy four guns;
. The effect of impulse ; action proceeding a fort mounts a hundred cannon.
from any cause, external orinternal. In ST NCH v. t. Tochew. Obs. Chaucer. 7. 'To raise and place on a carriage; as, to
the growth of plants and animals, there MOUND, n. [Sax. mund; W. mwnt, from mount a cannon.
must be a motion of the component parts, mun; L. mons. See Mount.) To mount guard, to take the station and do
though invisible. Attraction or chimical Something raised as a defense or fortifica- the duty of a sentinel.
affinity produces sensible motion of the tion, usually a bank of earth or stone; a MOUNT/AIN, n. [Fr. montagne ;Sp. mont-
parts of bodies. Motions of the mind as- bulwark; a rampart or fence. ana; It. montagna ; L. adjective, montanus.}
cribed to the invisible agency of the Su- God has thrown A large mass ofearth and rock, rising above
preme Being, are called good motions. That mountain as his garden mound, high the common level of the earth or adjacent
Let a good man obey every good motion ris- raised. Milton. land, but of no definite altitude. We ap-
ing in his heart, knowing that every such mo- To thrid the thickets or to leap the mounds. ply mountain to the largest eminences on
tion proceeds from God. South. Dryden. the globe; but sometimes the word is
10. Proposal made; proposition offered ; MOUND, v. t. To fortify with a mound. used for a large hill. In general, mountain
particularly, a proposition made in a de- Johnson. denotes an elevation higher and larger
liberative assembly. A motion is made for MOUND’ED, pp. Surrounded or defended than a hill; as the Altaic mountains in
a committee ; a motion for introducing a by mounds. Asia, the Alps in Switzerland, the Andes
bill; a motion to adjourn. The lakes high mounded. J. Barlow. in South America, the Alleghany moun-
11. A puppet-show or puppet. [.Vot ted. MOUND ‘ING, ppr. Defending by a mound. tains in Virginia, the Kaatskill in New-
ak. MOUNT, n. [Fr. mont; Sax. munt; It. Port. York, the White mountains in New-
MO’TION, v. t. To propose. [Little used. Sp. monte ; Arm. menez, mene; W. mwnt, Hampshire, and the Green mountains in
See Move.} a mount, mountain or mound, a heap; Vermont. The word is applied to a sin-
MO/TIONER, n. A mover. [Not used.] L. mons, literally a heap or an elevation; gle elevation, or to an extended range.
MO’TIONLESS, a. Wanting motion ; be- Ir. moin or muine; Basque, mendia. Qu. MOUNTAIN, a. Pertaining to a moun-
ing at rest. Gr. Bovvos.} tain; found on mountains; growing or
I grow a statue, fixed and motionless. . A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising dwelling ona mountain ; as mountain air;
Dryden. considerably above the common surface mountain pines; mountain goats.
MO’TIVE, a. [See the Noun.] Causing of the surrounding land. Mount is used MOUNT’AIN-BLUE, x. Malachite; car-
motion ; having power to move or tending for an eminence or elevation of earth, in- bonate of copper.
to move; as a motive argument; motive definite in highth or size, and may be a MOUNTAINE’ER,
ower. Hooker. Bentley. An inhabitant of a
hillock, hill or mountain. We apply it to MOUNT’AINER, ba. mountain.
MO’TIVE, n. [It. Sp. Port. motivo; Fr. mo- Mount Blanc, in Switzerland, to Mount 2. A rustic; a freebooter; a savage.
ue See Move.] Tom and Mount Holyoke, in Massachu- Milton.
1. That which incites to action; that which setts, and it is applied in Scripture to the MOUNT’AINET, n. A small mountain; a
determines the choice, or moves the will. small hillocks on which sacrifice was of- hillock. [Vot used.] Sidney.
Thus we speak of good motives, and bad fered, as well as to Mount Sinai. Jacob MOUNT’AIN-GREEN, n. A carbonate of
motives; strong and weak motives. The offered sacrifice on the mount or heap o
motive to continue at rest is ease or satis-
copper.
stones raised for a witness between him MOUNT’AINOUS, a. Full of mountains;
faction ;the motive to change is uneasi- and Laban. Gen. xxxi. as the mountainous country of the Swiss.
ness, or the prospect of good. 2. A mound; a bulwark for offense or de- 2. Large as a mountain; huge; as a moun-
9. That which may or ought. to incite to ac- fense. tainous heap. Prior.
tion; reason ; cause. Hew ye down trees and cast a mount against 3. Inhabiting mountains. — [Vot used.]
3. A mover. [.Vot in use.] Shak. Jerusalem. Jer. vi.
Bacon.
MOTIVITY, nx. The power of producing 3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money.
motion. Obs. Bacon. MOUNT’AINOUSNESS,
being full of mountains.
n. The state of
Brerewood:
MOT’LEY, «a. [W. ysmot, aspot ; ysmotiaw, MOUNT, v. 7. [Fr. monter ; It. montare ;Sp. MOUNT’AIN-PARSLEY, n. A plant of the
to spot, to dapple; Sp. motear, id.; Eng. montar. |
genus Athamanta. Lee:
mote. 1. To rise on high; to ascend; with or with-
MOUNT’AIN-ROSE, n. A plant.
}. Variegated in color; consisting of differ- out up.
ent colors; dappled ; as a motley coat. Doth the eagle mount up at thy command ? MOUNT’AIN-SOAP, n. A mineral ofapale
Shak. Job xxxix. brownish black color. Ure.
The fire of trees and houses mounts on high. MOUNT‘ANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on
2. Composed of different or various parts, Cowley. high. Shak.
characters or kinds; diversified; as a 2. To rise; to ascend; to tower ; to be built
MOUNT’EBANK, n. [It. montare, to mount,
motley style. to a great altitude. and banco, bench.]
And doubts of motley hue. Dryden. Though Babylon should mount up to hea- I. One who mounts a bench or stage in the
{This word primarily means spotted; but ven. Jer. li.
it may signify also striped.} market or other public place, boasts of
3. To get on horseback. Shak. his skill in curing diseases, vends medi-
MO/TOR, n. [L. from moveo, to move.] A 4. To leap upon any animal.
mover. The metals are called motors of]5. To amount; to rise in value. cines which he pretends are infallible
electricity. Volta. remedies, and thus deludes the ignorant
Bring then these blessings to a striet account, multitude. Persons of this eharacter may
MO’PORY, a. Giving motion; as motory Make fair deductions, see to. what they be indicted and punished.
muscles. Ray. mount. Pope. 2. Any boastful and false pretender.
MOT’TO, x. [It. id.; Sp. Port. mote; Fr. MOUNT, v. t. To raise aloft; to lift on Nothing so impossible in nature, but moun-
mot; Sax. methelan, to speak; Ir. mead- high. tebanks wit! undertake. Arbuthnot.
hair, talk, discourse; Goth. mathlei, id.; What power is it which mounts my love so MOUNT’EBANK, »v. t. To cheat by boast-
Gr. uvdos, uvdeve, wrIsomae. | high? Shak. ing and false pretenses; to gull = Shak.
 MOU MOU MOU
MOUNT’ EBANKERY, n. Quackery;boast- MOURNING, n. The act of sorrowing or 6. The opening or entrance of a cave, pil,
ful and vain pretenses. Hammond. expressing grief; lamentation ; sorrow. wellor den. Dan. viii.
MOUNT’ED, pp. Raised ;seated on horse- 2. The dress or customary habit worn by 7. The instrument of speaking ; as, the story
back; placed on a carriage; covered or mourners. is in every body’s mouth. South. Locke.
embellished ; furnished with guns. And ey’n the pavements were with mourn- 8. A principal speaker; one that utters the
MOUNT’ENAUNCE, x. Amount in space. ing hid. Dryden. common opinion.
[Volt used.] Spenser. MOURNING-DOVE, n. A species of dove Every coffee house has some statesman be-
MOUNT’ER, n. One that mounts or as- longing to it, who is the mouth of the street
found in the U. States, the Columba Caro- where he lives. Addison.
cends. $e Swift. liniensis. 9. Cry; voice.
MOUNTING, ppr. Rising; soaring; pla- MOURNINGLY , adv. With the appearance The fearful dogs divide,
cing on horseback; ascending an emi- of sorrow. Shak All spend their mouth aloft, but none abide.
nence ; embellishing. MOUSE, n. plu. mice. [Sax. Sw. mus; D. Dryden.
MOUNT/INGLY, adv. By rising or ascend- muis; G. maus; Dan. mus, muus ; L.mus; 10. In Scripture, words uttered. Job xix.
ing. Gr. wos; Russ. mishe. The L. mus forms Is. xlix. Ps. Ixxiii.
MOUNT’Y, n. The rise of ahawk. muris in the genitive, and the root is not 11. Desires; necessities. Ps. ciii.
Sidney. obvious. ] 12. Freedom and boldness of speech; force
MOURN, v. i. [Sax. murnan, myrnan; L. ile A small animal of the genus Mus, inhab- of argument. Luke xxi.
mereo; allied perhaps to G. D. mur- iting houses. The name is also applied to 13. Boasting; vaunting. Judges ix.
ren, to murmur; Fr. morne, sad, sullen. many other species ef the genus, as the 14. Testimony. Deut. xvii.
See Murmur, and the root of amarus, bit- field mouse. meadow mouse, rock mouse, §c. 15. Reproaches; calumnies. Job vy.
ter. Class Mr. No. 7.] 2. Among seamen, a knob formed on a rope \To make a mouth, to distort the mouth;
1. To express grief or sorrow; to grieve; by spun yarn or parceling. Mar. Dict. |\T'o make mouths, to make a wry face;
to be sorrowful. Mourning may be ex- MOUSE, v. 7. mouz. To catch mice. Shak. hence, to deride or treat with scorn.
pressed by weeping or audible sounds, or MOUSE, v. t. mouz. To tear, as a cat de- Shak. Addison.
by sobs, sighs or inward silent grief. yours a mouse. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully.
Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a Down in the mouth, dejected ; mortified.
weep. Gen. 23. small line across the upper part to prevent DL’Estrange.
Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall unhooking. Mar. Dict. To have God’s law in the mouth, to converse
be comforted. Matt. v.
2. To wear the customary habit of sorrow. MOUSE-EAR, n. mous/-ear. A plant of the much on it and delight in it. Ex. xiii.
We mourn in black. hak. genus Hieracium ; also, a plant of the ge- \T'o draw near to God with the mouth, to make
Grieve for an hour perhaps, then mourn a nus Myosotis, called likewise mouse-ear an external appearance of devotion and
year. Pope. scorpion grass. The mouse-ear chickweed worship, while there is no regard to him
MOURN, v. t. To grieve for; to lament. is of the genus Cerastium. Lee. Encyc. in the heart. Is. xxix.
But there is an ellipsis of for, the verb not MOUSE-HOLE, n. mous‘hole. A hole where A froward mouth, contradictions and disobe-
being transitive. When we say, we mourn mice enter or pass; a very small hole or dience. Prov. iv.
a friend or a child, the real sense and com- entrance. 4 smooth mouth, soft and flattering language.
plete phrase is, we mourn for a friend, He can creep in at a mouse-hole. Prov. v.
or mourn for the loss of a friend. “He Stillingfleet. To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent;
mourn’d his rival’s ill success,” that is, he MOUSE-HUNT, n. mous!-hunt. A hunting for to put to shame ; to confound. Rom. iii.
mourned for his rival’s ill success. mice. To lay the hand on the mouth, to be struck si-
Addison. 2. A mouser; one that hunts mice. Shak. lent with shame. Mic. vii.
2, To utter in a sorrowful manner. MOUSER, n. mouz/er. One that catches To set the mouth against the heavens, to speak
The love lorn nightingale mice. The catis a good mouser. arrogantly and blasphemously. Ps. Ixxiii.
Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well. MOUSE-TAIL, x. mous’-tail. A plant of the MOUTH, v. t. To utter with a voice affect-
Milton. genus Myosurus. edly big or swelling ; as, to mouth words
MOURNE, 2. morn. [Fr. morne.] The round MOUSE-TRAP, n. mous’-trap. A trap for or language.
end ofa staff; the part ofa lance to which catching mice. Prior. Twitch’d by the sleeve, he mouths it more
the steel is fixed, or the ferrel. [Mot used.] and more. Dryden.
Sidney. Johnson. MOUTH, n. [Sax. muth. As this word does 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the
MOURNER, n. One that mourns or is not occur in the other Teutonic dialects, mouth. Dryden.
grieved at any loss or misfortune. and as n is sometimes casually introduced 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat ; to
2, One that follows a funeral in the habit of| into words before dentals, it is not im- devour. Shak.
mourning. L Estrange. probable that the Goth. munths, G. Dan. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub.
3. Something used at funerals. mund, Sw. mun, and D. mond, may be [Mot used.] Brown.
The mourner eugh and builder oak were the same word. The Saxon muth co- 5. To reproach ; to insult. Blair.
there. Dryden.|| incides in elements with motto, Gr. uv9o<.] MOUTH, v. 7. To speak with a full, round,
MOURNFUL, a. Intended to express sor 1. between The aperture in the head of an animal,
the lips, by which he utters his
or loud, affected voice ; to vociferate ; to
row, or exhibiting the appearance o rant; as a mouthing actor. Dryden.
voice and receives food. In amore gen- Vil bellow out for Rome and for my country,
grief; as a mournful bell; mournful music.
Shak. Dryden. eral sense, the mouth consists of the lips, And mouth at Cesar, till I shake the senate.
No funeral rites nor man in mournful weeds. ’ the gums, the insides of the cheeks, the Addison.
Shak. palate, the salival glands, the uvula and MOUTH’ED, pp. Uttered with a full, swell-
tonsils. Encyc. ing, affected voice.
2, Causing sorrow; sad; calamitous; as a
Shak.|| 2, The opening of a vessel by which it is
2. Taken into the mouth; chewed.
mournful death.
filled or emptied ; as the mouth ofa jar or 3. a. Furnished with a mouth ; used chiefly
3. Sorrowful ; feeling grief. pitcher. ‘ in composition; as well-mouthed ; foul-
The mournful fair—
Shall visit her distinguished urn.Prior. 3. The part or channel of a river by which mouthed, contumelious, reproachful or ob-
its waters are discharged into the ocean or scene; mealy-mouthed, bashful, reserved
MOURNFULLY, adv. In a manner ex- into a lake. The Mississippi and the Nile in speaking the plain truth ; hard-mouthed,
pressive of sorrow; with sorrow. Mal. iii. discharge their waters by several mouths. as a horse, not obedient to the bit, difficult
MOURNFULNESS, 2x. Sorrow; grief; 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the ifbe restrained or governed by the bri-
state of mourning. end, by which the charge issues. e.
2. Appearance or expression of grief. 5. The aperture of a vessel in animal bodies, 4, Borne down or overpowered by clamor.
MOURNING, ppr. Grieving; lamenting ; by which fluids or other matter is received MOUTH’FRIEND, n. One who professes
sorrowing; wearing the appearance | or discharged; as the mouth of the lacte- friendship without entertaining it; a pre-
sorrow. als. tended friend. Shak.
 MOV MOV MOXx
MOUTH’FUL, n. As much as the mouth 10. To propose; to offer for eonsideration MOVING, n. Motive ; impulse. South.
contains at once. and determination ; as, to move a resolu- MOVINGLY, adv. In a manner to excite
2. A quantity proverbially small; a small tion in a deliberative assembly. the passions or affect sensibility ;patheti-
quantity. L’Estrange. Dryden. 11. To propose ; to recommend. cally.
MOUTH/HONOR, n. Civility expressed They are to be blamed alike who move and His air, his voice, his looks and honest soul,
without sincerity. Shak. who decline war upon particular respects. Speak all so movinglyin his behalf.
MOUTH‘ING, ppr. Uttering with an affected Hayward. Addison.
12. To prompt; to incite; to instigate. Acts MOVINGNESS, n. The power of affect-
swelling voice. XVii.
MOUTH'LESS, a. Destitute of a mouth. ing, as the passions.
MOUTH’MADE, a. Expressed without sin- MOVE, v. i. To change place or pos- MOW, n. [Sax. mowe or muga ; It. mucchio,
ture ; to stir; to pass or go in any manner a heap or mass ; Sp. mucho, much; Sw.
cerity ; hypocritical. ;
MOUTHPIECE, n. The piece ofa music- or direction from one place or part o mycken, many, much. |
al wind instrument to which the mouth space to another. The planets move in A heap, mass or pile of hay deposited in 2
their orbits; the earth moves on its axis ; barn.
is applied. aship moves at a certain rate an hour.
2. One who delivers the opinions of others. [We never give this name to hay piled
MOVABLE, a. [from move.] That may be We move by walking, running or turning; in the field or open air. The latter is call-
moved ; that can or may be lifted, carried,
animals move by creeping, swimming or ed a stack or rick.|
drawn, turned or conveyed, or in any way flying. MOW, v. t. To lay hay ina heap or mass in
On the green bank I sat and listened long, a barn, or to lay itin a suitable manner.
made to change place or posture ; suscep- Nor till her lay was ended could 1 move.
tible of motion. : MOW, v. t. pret. mowed ; pp. mowed or mown.
Dryden.
2. That may or does change from one time 2. To have action. {Sax. mawan ; D. maaijen or maayen ;
to another ; as a movable feast. Sw. meya; Dan.mejer; G.mdhen. In Sp.
In him we live, and move, and have our being.
and Port. mochar is to cut off. The L. has
A movable letter, in Hebrew grammar, is one Acts xvii.
that is pronounced, as opposed to one that 3. To have the power of action. meto, and the Gr. ayo, to mow or reap.
is quiescent. The last radical letter is not ascertained.]
Every moving thing that liveth, shall be meat
MOVABLENESS, n. The state or quality for you. Gen. ix.
1. To cut down with a sythe, as grass or
of being movable ; mobility ;susceptibili- 4. To walk. other plants. We say, to mow grass.
ty of motion. He moves with manly grace. Dryden. 2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a
MOVABLES, n. plu. Goods, wares, com- 5. To march. The army moved and took meadow.
modities, furniture ;any species of pro- a position behind a wood. 3. To cut down with speed; to cut down in-
perty not fixed, and thus distinguished 6. To tremble; to shake. discriminately, or in great numbers or
from houses and lands. The foundations also of the hills moved and quantity. We say, a discharge of grape
MOVABLY, adv. So that it may be moved. were shaken, because he was wroth. Ps. xviii. shot mows down whole ranks of wien.
Grew. 7. To change residence. Men move with Hence Saturn or Time is represented with
MOVE, v. t. moov. [L. moveo ; It. movere ; their families from one house, town or a sythe, an emblem of the general and
Sp. mover; Fr. mouvoir; W. mudaw. It state to another. indiscriminate destruction of the human
is probably a contracted word. Class MOVE, x. The act of moving; the act race by death.
Md.) of transferring from place to place, as in MOW, »v. z. To cut grass; to practice mow-
1. To impel; to carry, convey or draw chess. Cowley ing; to use thesythe. Does the man mow
from one place to another; to cause to MOVED, pp. Stirred ; excited. well ?
9.
change place or posture in any manner or MOVELESS, a. That cannot be moved; To perform the business of mowing ; to
by any means. The wind moves a ship; fixed. cut and make grass into hay; to gather
the cartman moves goods ; the horse moves The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. the crop of grass, or other crop.
a cart or carriage. Mere matter cannot Pope. {In America, mow is not applied to the
move itself. Machines are moved by MOVEMENT, n. [Fr. mowvement.] Motion : eutting of wheat or rye. When these are
springs, weights, or force applied. a passing, progression, shaking, turning cut with a sythe, they are said to be cra-
2, To excite into action; to affect ; to agi- or flowing; any change of position in a dled. Oats and barley are sometimes
tate ; to rouse; as, to move the passions. material body ; as the movement of an ar- mowed. |
3. To cause to act or determine ; as, to move my in marching or maneuvering ; the) iM OW, n. [from mouth.] A wry face. Obs.
the will. movement of a wheel or a machine. f Shak.
4. To persuade ; to prevail on; to excite 2. The manner of moving. MOW, v.%. To make mouths. Obs.
froma state of rest or indifference. 3. Excitement; agitation; as the movement Ascham.
Minds desirous of revenge were not moved of the mind. Pope. \iMOW’BURN, v. 7. To heat and ferment in
with gold. Knolles. 4. In music, any single strain or part having the mow, as hay when housed too green,
But when no female arts his mind could the same measure or time. Mortimer.
move, Any change of time is a change of movement. MOWE, v. i. To be able ;must; may. Obs.
She turn’d to furious hate her impious love. Busby. Chaucer.
Dryden. MO’VENT. a. [L. movens.] Meving; not |MOWED,
5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the quiescent. [Luiile used.] Grew. \MOWN, ;pp. Cut with a sythe.
heart ; to affect; to touch pathetically ; to MO’VENT, n. That which moves any thine. (2. Cleared of grass with a sythe, as land.
excite feeling in. [Little used.| Glanville. MOWER, n. One who mows; a man dex-
The use of images in orations and poetry is MOVER, n. The person or thing that gives | trousin the use of the sythe.
to move pity or terror. | Felton. motion or impels to action. MOW/ING, ppr. Putting into a mow.
When he saw the multitudes, he was moved) Shak. Wilkins. MOWING, ppr. Cutting down with asythe.
with compassion on them— Matt. ix. 2. He or that which moves. MOWING, x. The act of cutting with .a
To make angry ; to provoke ; to irritate. 3. A proposer; one that offers a proposition, sythe.
Shak. or recommends any thing for considera- /2. Land from which grass is cut.
. To excite tumult or commotion. tion or adoption; as the mover ofa resolu- MOX’A, n. The down of the mugwort 6f
When they had come to Bethlehem, all the
city was moved about them. Ruth i. Matt. tion in a legislative body. China ; a soft lanuginous substance pre-
XXi.
MOVING, ppr. Causing to move or act; pared in Japan from the young leaves of
8. To influence or incite by secret agency. impelling ; instigating ;persuading ; influ- a species of Artemisia. In the eastern
God moved them to depart from him. 2 encing. countries, it is used for the gout, &c. by
Chron. xviii. 2 Pet. i. 2. a. Exciting the passions or affections ; burning it on the skin. This produces a
9, To shake ; to agitate. touching ; pathetic; affecting ; adapted to dark colored spot, the exulceration of which
The kingdoms were moved. Ps. xlvi. Jer. excite or affect the passions ; as a moving is promoted by applying a little garlic.
xlix. address or discourse. Encye. Coxe.
 MUC MUC MUD
MOYLE, n. Amule. [See Mule.] To make much of, to value highly ; to prize| MUCK’/ER, v.t. [from muck.] To scrape
MUCH, a. [Sw. mycken ; Sp. mucho; It. or to treat with great kindness and atten- together money by mean labor or shifts.
mucchio. See Mow. ~ The sense is probably tion. Milner. {Not used in America. ]
a heap or mass, and it may be allied to 2. To fondle. MUCK’ERER, n. A miser; aniggzard. [Wot
mickle, great, Gr. weya.] Much at one, nearly of equal value, effect or used.
influence. Dryden. Chaucer.
1. Great in quantity or amount. — ah >

‘Thou shalt carry much seed into the field, MUCHWHAT, adv. Nearly; almost. [Vol
and gather but little in. Deut. xxvill. elegant. | Locke. MUCW'INESS, n. Filthiness; nastiness.
Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the MU'CIE, a. [from mucus.] The mucic acid Johnson.
sight of the Lord to provoke him to anger. 2 is the same as the saccholactic. It is ob- | MUCK'LE, a. [Sax. mycel.] Much. Obs.
Kings xxi. tained from gums, &c. Ure.
Return with much riches to your tents. Josh. MU’CID, a. [L, mucidus, from muceo.] Mus- MUCK/SWEAT, x. Profuse sweat.
xxii. ty; moldy; slimy. Johnson.
2. Long in duration. How much time is MUCK’WORM, xn. A worm that lives in
MU‘CIDNESS, n. Mustiness ; sliminess.
spent in trifling amusements! Ainsworth.
muck.
3. Many in number. 2. A miser ;one who scrapes together money
Edom came out against him with much peo- MU‘CILAGE, x. [Fr. from L. mucus, the by mean labor and devices. Bunyan.
ple. Num. xx. slimy discharges from the nose; muceo,
[This application of much is no longer to grow moldy or musty ; It. mucillaggine ; MUCK’Y, a. Filthy ; nasty. Spenser.
used. } Sp. mucilago. The L. mucus, in Ir. is MU€OSO-SA€’CHARINE, a. Partaking
MUCH, adv. In a great degree; by far; smug ; smugaim, to blow the nose. It is of the qualities of mucilage and sugar.
qualifying adjectives of the comparative de- probably allied to Eng. muck; Heb. Fourcroy.
gree; as much more, much stronger, much Ch. 3%) or py, to dissolve, to putrefy. MU‘€OUS, a. [See Mucus.] Pertaining to
heavier, much more splendid, much higher. Class Mg. No. 8. 10.] | mucus or resembling it; slimy, ropy and
So we say, much less, much smaller, much 1. In chimistry, one of the proximate ele- lubricous ; as a mucous substance.
less distinguished, much weaker, much ments of vegetables. ‘The same substance) 2. Secreting a slimy substance; as the mu-
finer. is a gum when solid, and a mucilage when! cous membrane.
2. Toa great degree or extent; qualifying in solution. Thomson. The mucous membrane lines all the
verbs and participles. Both the ingredients improve one another ;) cavities of the body which open external-
Jonathan, Saul’s son, delighted much in Da- for the mucilage adds to the lubricity of the oil, ly, and secretes the fluid called mucus.
vid. 1 Sam. xix. and the oil preserves the mucilage from inspiss- Bichat.
It is a night to be much observed. Ex. xii. ation. Ray. MU’€OUSNESS, x. The state of being mu-
The soul of the people was much discouraged Mucilage is obtained from vegetable or ani- cous; sliminess.
because of the way. Num. xxi. mal substances. Nicholson.
MU‘€CRONATE,
A much afflicted, much enduring man. 2. The liquor which moistens and lubricates MU’€RONATED, a. [L. mucronatus, from
Pope. mucro, a point.|
the ligaments and cartilages of the articu- Narrowed to a point ;terminating ina point.
3. Often or long. lations or joints in animal bodies.
Think much, speak little. Dryden. Woodward.
Encye. MU’CULENT, a. [L. muculentus.] Slimy;
4, Nearly. MUCILAG/’INOUS, a. Pertaining to or se-
All left the world much as they found it. moist and moderately viscous.
Temple. creting mucilage ; as the mucilaginous
glands. Encye. MU’€US, n. [L. See Mucilage and Muck.]
MUCH, n. A great quantity; a great deal.
2. Slimy; ropy; moist, soft and lubricous ;| 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous mem-
He that gathered much had nothing over. brane, which it serves to moisten and de-
Ex. xvi. partaking of the nature of mucilage; as a’
fend. It covers the lining membranes of
To whom much is given, of him much shall mucilaginous gum. Grew.) all the cavities which open externally,
be required. Luke xii. MUCILAG/INOUSNESS, n. Sliminess ; the
such as those of the mouth, nose, lungs,
They have much of the poetry of Macenas,|| state of being mucilaginous.
intestinal canal, urinary passages, &c. It
but little of his liberality. Dryden.|| MU'‘CITE, n. A combination of a substance)
with mucous acid. Parke. differs from gelatine. Parr. Ure.
2. More than enough; a heavy service or In the action of chewing, the mucus mixeth
burden. MUCK, n. [Sax. meor, mior ; Dan. még,
dung; mug, mold, soil; L. mucus; qu. with the aliment. Arbuthnot.
He thought not much to clothe his enemies.
Milton. from moisture or putrefaction. In W. 2. This term has also been applied to other
Who thought it much a man should die of| mwg is smoke, which may be allied to} animal fluids ofa viscid quality, as the sy-
love. Dryden. Eng. muggy, from dissolving, wasting. So} novial fluid, which lubricates the cavities
in French fumer, to smoke, to dung or of the joints.
3. An uncommon thing; something strange.
muck. See the Heb. and Ch. verbs under MUD, nx. [D. modder; G. moder. See
It was much that one who wasso great a lov- Mother. Ex cov avrov ovunroxys tov mvev-
er of peace should be happy in war. Bacon.
mucilage. In Russ. mochu is to moisten,
and makayu, to dip, to soak.] MATOS EYEVETO MOT. Tovto twes Pac avy,
«Is much, an equal quantity ; used as an ad- 1. Dung in a moist state, or a mass of dung! ods vdarwdors migews onlw. Mot, id est,
jective or noun. Return as much bread as and putrefied vegetable matter. mod ; Pheenices ita scribebant. Bochart,
you borrowed. . If you borrow money, re- With fattening muck besmear the roots. Phen. Lib. 2. Chap. 2.
turn as much as you receive. So we say, Philips. This is said to be a fragment of Sancho-
twice as much, five times as much, that is, 2. Something mean, vile or filthy. niathon’s Phenician history, translated by
twice or five times the quantity. To run a muck, to run madly and attack all! Philo and preserved by Eusebius. This
2. A certain or suitable quantity. we meet. Pope. Dryden. Phenician word mod, per, rendered in
Then take as much as thy soul desireth. 1 Running « muck, is a phrase derived from Gr. «vs, is precisely the English mud,
Sam. ii. the Malays, (in whose language amock sig-| the matter, material or substance of
3. To .an equal degree; adverbially. One nifies to kill,) applied to desperate persons} which, according to the ancients, all
man loves power as much as another who intoxicate themselves with opium) things were formed. See Castel. Col.
loves gold. and then arm themselves with a dagger 2010, and the word mother. Plutarch, de
So much, an equal quantity or acertain quan- and attempt to kill all they meet. Iside, says the Egyptians called Isis muth,
tity, as a noun; to an equal degree, or Ed. Encyc. that is, mother. This is a remarkable
to a certain degree, as an adverb. | MUCK, v.¢. To manure with muck. fact, and proves beyond controversy the
Of sweet cinnamon half s0 much. Ex. xxx. Tusser. common origin of the Phenician, Celtic
Jn all Israel, there was none to be so much|, MUCK’ENDER, x. [Sp. mocadero, from aud Teutonic nations. Mud may perhaps
praised as Absalom. 2 Sam. xiv. moco, mucus ; Fr. mouchotr.] be named from wetness, and be connected
Too much, an excessive quantity, as a@ noun; A pocket handkerchief. [Not used.] with L. madeo, Gr. pvéae, W. mwudaw, to
to an excessive degree, as an adverb. Dorset. wet.|
 MUF MUL MUL
Moist and soft earth of any kind, such as You must be muffled up like ladies. MUL’'BERRY, n. [Sw. mulbar; G. maui-
is found in marshes and swamps, at the Dryden. beere.]
bottom of rivers and ponds, or in high- The face lies muffled up within the oadi
garment. The berry or fruit of a tree of the genus
ways after rain. ddison. Morus.
MUD, v. t. To bury in mud or slime. 2. To blindfold.
Alas ! that love whose view is muffled still—
MUL’/BERRY-TREE, n. The tree which
Shak. produces the mulberry.
2. To make turbid or foul with dirt; to stir He muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes. ; MULCH, . [Heb. nbn, to dissolve.] Half
the sediment in liquors. Glanville. Dryden. rotten straw. Bailey.
MUD 'DILY, adv. [from muddy.] Turbidly ; 3. To cover; to conceal; to involve. MULET, x. [L. mulcta or multa.] A fine im-
with foul mixture. They were in former ages suffled in dark-
Lucilius—writ loosely and muddily. Dryden. posed on a person guilty of some offense
ness and superstition. Arbuthnot.
or misdemeanor, usually a pecuniary fine.
MUD’DINESS, n. Turbidness ; foulness 4. In seamanship, to put matting or other MULET, v. t. [L. mulcto ; Fr. mulcter.| To
caused by mud, dirt or sediment ; as the soft substance round an oar, to prevent fine ; to punish for an offense or misde-
muddiness of a stream. Addison. its making a noise.
meanor by imposing a pecuniary fine.
MUDDLE, »v. t. [from mud.] To make foul, 5. To wind something round the strings 0 Bacon.
turbid or muddy, as water. a drum to prevent a sharp sound, or to
render the sound grave and solemn. MULE€T’UARY, a. Imposing a pecuniary
He did ill to muddle the water. penalty. Overbury.
L’ Estrange. MUF'F LE, v. 7. To mutter ; to speak indis-
2. To intoxicate partially ; to cloud or stu- tinctly or without clear articulation. MULE, n. [Sp. It. mulo; L. mulus ; Sax.
pefy, particularly with liquor. Holder. mul ; D. muil or muilezel ;G. maulesel ;
He was often drunk, always muddled. MUF’FLE, n. [Sp. mufla.] In chimistry, a Sw. mulisne; Dan. mule; Fr. id.; Arm.
Arbuthnot. vessel in the shape of an oblong arch or mules; Ir. muwile; W.mul. The latter sig-
Epicurus seems to have had his brains mud- vault, closed behind by a semi-circular nifies a mule, and bashful, simple.]
dled. Bentley. plane, the floor of which is a rectangular = - A quadruped ofa mongrel breed, usually
MUD/DLED, pp. Made turbid ; half drunk ; plane ; or in other words, a little oven to generated between an ass and a mare,
stupefied. be placed in a furnace, and under which sometimes between a horse and a she-ass.
MUD’DLING, ppr. Making foul with dirt small cupels and crucibles are placed, in But the name is applied to any animal
or dregs; making half drunk; stupefying. which substances are subjected to heat produced by a mixture of different spe-
MUD/DY, a. [from mud.] Foul with dirt or without coming in contact with fuel. cies. Encyc.
fine earthy particles; turbid, as water or smoke or ashes ; used in metallurgie ope- 2. A plant or vegetable produced by impreg-
other fluids; as a muddy stream. Water rations. Fourcroy. Encye. nating the pistil of one species of plant
running on fine clay always appears mud- MUF’FLED, pp. Covered closely, especial- with the farin or fecundating dust of an-
dy. ly about the face ; involved ; blindfolded. other. This is called also a hybrid.
2. Cautegning mud; as a muddy ditch; a (MUF’FLER, n. A cover for the face; a Encyc. Martyn.
muddy road. Shak. part of female dress. Shak. Arbuthnot. MULETEE’R, n. [It. mulattiere ; Fr. mule-
3. Dirty ; dashed, soiled or besmeared with MUF’FLING, ppr. Covering closely, espe- tier.]
mud ; as muddy boots. cially about the face ;wrapping close; in- A mule-driver.
4. Consisting of nud or earth; gross ; im- volving ; blindfolding. MU’/LE-WORT, n. A plant of the genus
pure ; as this muddy vesture of decay. MUF’FLON, n. The wild sheep or mus- Hemionitis.
Shak. mon. MULIEBRITY, n. [from L. muliebris, from
5. Dark ; of the color of mud; as muddy MUF’TI, n. The high priest or chief of the mulier, a woman. }
cheeks. Swift. ecclesiastical order among the Mohamme- Womanhood ; the state of being a woman ;
6. Cloudy in mind; dull ; heavy ; stupid. dans. a state in females corresponding to virility
Dost think I am so muddy? Shak. MUG, n. [I know not whence derived.] A in man; also, effeminacy ; softness.
MUD’DY, v. t. To soil with mud; to dirty. kind of cup from which liquors are drank. MU’LIER, n. [L.] In law, lawful issue born
2. To cloud; to make dull orheavy. Grew. In America, the word is applied chiefly in wedlock though begotten before.
MUDDY-HEADED, a. Having a dull un- or solely to an earthen cup. Encyc.
derstanding. MUG/GARD, a. [See Muggy.] Sullen ; dis- MU’LISH, a. Like a mule; sullen; stub-
MUD’-FISH, n. A fish, a species of the cy- pleased. [Not in use.} born.
prinus kind. Dict. Nat. Hist. MUG’/GENT, n. A species of wild fresh wa- MULL, v. t. [qu. L. mollio, to soften, or W.
MUD/-SILL, x. In bridges, the sill that is ter duck. Dict. Nat. Hist. mull, warm, or Sp. mullir, to beat.]
laid at the bottom of a river, lake, &c. MUG’GISH, [W. mwcean, a cloud offog ; 1. To soften ; or to heat, sweeten and en-
See Sill.] MUG’GY, Ge mwg, smoke; or from the rich with spices; as, to mull wine.
MUD/-SUCKER, n. An aquatic fowl. root of muck.| Drink new cider, muill’d with ginger warm.
Derham. 1. Moist ;damp ; moldy ; as muggy straw.
MUD/-WALL, n. A wall composed of mud, Mortimer. 2. To dispirit or deaden. Shak.
or of materials laid in mud without mor- 2. Moist ; damp; close ; warm and unelas- MULL, x. In Scottish, a snuff-box, made of
tar. South. tic; as muggy air. [This is the principal the smal] end of a horn. Obs.
2. A bird, the apiaster. Ainsworth. use of the word in America.] Cumberland.
MUD’-WALLED, a. Having a mud wall. MUG'HOUSE, 2x. [from mug.] An ale- MULL, n. Dust. [.Vot in use.] Gower.
Prior. house. Tickel. MUL/LEN, n. [Old Fr. molene ; probably so
MUD/WORT, x. A species of Limosella, MU'GIENT, a. [L. mugio, to bellow.] Low- named from the root of L. mollis, soft. So
the least water plantain. Lee. ing ; bellowing. [.Vot used.] Brown. in German, wollkraut, wool-plant.]
MUE. [See Mew.] MU’GIL, nv. [L.] The mullet, a genus affA plant of the genus Verbascum.
MUFF, n. (Dan. muff or muffe; D. mof; G. fishes of the order of abdominals. MUL’/LER, n. [Fr. moliere, molette ;L. mola-
muff; Fr. moufle, mittens ; Sp. muflas, MUG’WEED, n. A plant of the genus Va- ris, from mola, a mill-stone.]
thick gloves.] lantia. 1, A stone held in the hand with which col-
A warm cover for the hands, usually made MUG/WORT, n. [Sax. mugwyrt.] A plant ors and other matters are ground on an-
of fur or dressed skins. Locke. Dryden. of the genus Artemisia. other stone ; used by painters and apoth-
MUF’FIN, n. A delicate or light cake. MULAT’TO, n. [Sp. mulato, that is, muled, ecaries. Bailey. Encyc.
MUF’FLE, v. t. [D. moffelen; G. muffeln; of a mixed breed, from mulo, L. mulus, a 2, An instrument used by glass grinders,
It. camuffare, to disguise or mask.] mule; Fr. mulatre.] being a piece of wood with the piece of
1. To cover from the weather by cloth, fur A person that is the offspring of a negress glass to be ground cemented to one end,
or any garment; to cover close, particu- by a white man, or of a white woman by) either convex in a bason, or concave ina
larly the neck and face. a negro, | sphere or bowl. Eneyc.
 MUL MUL MUL
MUL/LET, xn. (Fr. mulet, a mullet, and a Speaking much ; very talkative ; loquacious. MUL/TIPLY, v. t. [L. multiplico ; multus,
great mule; Gr. wuaaos ; L. mullus.] Dict. many, and plico, to fold or double, Gr.
A fish of the genus Mugil. The lips are MULTINO’MIAL, {L. multus, many, anexo, W. plygu, Fr. plier, multiplier. |
membranaceous; the inferior one carinat- MULTINOM INAL, ;& ‘and nomen, name. | . To increase in number; to make more by
ed inwards ; it has no teeth, and the body Having many names or terms. Diet. natural generation or production, or by
is of awhitish color. This fish frequents MULTIP’AROUS, a. [L. multus, many, and addition ; as, to multiply men, horses or
the shore and roots in the sand like a hog. pario, to bear.] other animals ; to multiply evils.
It is an excellent fish for the table. Producing many at a birth. A serpent is a I will multiply my signs and wonders in
Encye. multiparous animal. Egypt. Ex. vii.
MUL/LIGRUBS, n. A twisting of the intes- MULTIP’/ARTITE, «a. [L. multus, many, Impunity will multiply motives to disobedi-
tines ; sullenness. [A low word.] and partitus, divided. ence. mes.
MUL’LION, x. [Fr. moulure.] A division Divided into many parts; having several 2. In arithmetic, to increase any given num-
in a window frame; a bar. parts. ber as many times as there are units in
MUL’‘LION, v. t. To shape into divisions. MUL/TIPED, x. [L. multus, many, and any other given number. Thus 7X8=56,
Shak. pes, foot.] thatis, 7 multiplied by 8 produces the num-
MUL'‘LOCK, n. Rubbish. An insect that has many feet. ber 56.
MULSE, 2. [L. mulsus.] Wine boiled and MUL/TIPED, a. Having many feet. MUL/TIPLY, v.%. To grow or increase in
mingled with honey. MUL‘TIPLE, a. [L. multiplex ;multus, ma- number.
MULTAN’GULAR, a. [L. multus, many, ny, and plico, to fold.} Be fruitful and multiply. Gen. i.
and angulus, angle ; Basque, mola, a mul- Containing many times. When men began to multiply on the face of
titude ; multsa, much.} MUL’TIPLE, n. In arithmetic, a common the earth. Gen. vi.
Having many angles ; polygonal. Martyn. multiple of two or more numbers con- 2. To increase in extent; to extend; to
MULTAN’GULARLY, adv. With many an- tains each of thema certain number of spread.
les or corners. Grew. times exactly ; thus 24 is a common mul- The word of God grew and multiplied. Acts
MULTICAP’SULAR, a. [L. multus, many, tiple of 38and 4. But the least common mul- xii.
and capsula, a chest.] tiple, is the least number which ~will do MUL/TIPLYING, ppr. Increasing in num-
In botany, having many capsules. Martyn. this; thus 12 is the least common multi-
_ ber.
MULTI€A’VOUS, a. [L. multus, many, and 2. Growing or becoming numerous.
ple of 3and 4.
cavus, hollow.] MULTIP/OTENT, a. [L. multipotens ; mut-
MUL’TIPLEX, a. [L.] Many-fold ;having tus, many, much, and potens, powerful. ]
Having many holes or cavities. Dict. petals lying over each other in folds.
MULTIFA/RIOUS, a. [L. multifarius. Qu. Having manifold power, or power to do ma-
Martyn.
varius.] ny things; as Jove multipotent. Shak.
MUL’TIPLIABLE, a. [Fr. See Baa
Having great multiplicity ; having great di- That may be multiplied. MULTIPRES’ENCE, n. [(L. multus, many,
versity or variety ; as multifarious artifice. MUL/TIPLIABLENESS, n. Capacity of;
and presentia, presence. }
More. being multiplied. The power or act of being present in many
MULTIFA/RIOUSLY, adv. With great MUL’‘TIPLICABLE, a. That may be mul- places at once, or in more places than one.
multiplicity and diversity ; with great va- tiplied. Hall.
riety of modes and relations. MULTIPLICAND’, 2. [L. multiplicandus. MULTISIL/IQUOUS, a. [L. multus, many,
Bentley. See Multiply. ] and siliqua, a pod.}
MULTIFA’RIOUSNESS, nx. Multiplied di- In arithmetic, the number to be multiplied by Having many pods or seed-vessels. Bailey.
versity. Norris. another, which is called the multiplier. MULTIS/ONOUS, a. [L. mulius, many, and
MUL/TIFID, a. [L. multifidus ; multus, many, MUL’TIPLICATE, a. [L. multiplicatus.] sonus, sound. |
and jfindo, to divide.] 1. Consisting of many, or more than one. Having many sounds, or sounding much.
Having many divisions; many-cleft; di- Derham. Bailey.
vided into several parts by linear sinuses 2. A multiplicate flower is a sort of luxuri- MULTISYL’/LABLE, x. A word of many
and straight margins ; as a mult ifid leaf) ant flower, having the corol multiplied so syllables ; a polysyllable. [Zhe latter ws
or coro}. ; Martyn. mostly used.
far as to exclude only some of the stamens.
MULTIF’LOROUS, a. [L. multus, many, Martyn. MUL‘TITUDE,
from multus, many.]
n. [Fr. from L. multitudo,
and flos, fiower.} MULTIPLICA‘TION, n. [L. multiplicatio.}
Many-flowered ; having many flowers. 1. The act of multiplying or of increasing 1. oe state of being many; a great num-
Martyn. er.
number ; as the multiplication of the hu-
MUL’TIFOR\M, a. [L. multiformis ; multus, man species by natural generation.
2. A number collectively ;the sum of many.
many, and forma, form.] 2. In arithmetic, a rule or operation by which Hale.
Having many forms, shapes or appearances; 3. A great number, indefinitely.
any given number may be increased ac-
as the multiform operations of the air- cording to any number of times proposed. It is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that
pump. Watts. Thus 10 multiplied by 5 is increased to 50. they utterly neglect method in their harangues.
MULTIFORM ITY, n. Diversity of forms ; Watts.
variety of shapes or appearances in the MUL’TIPLICATIVE, a. Tending to multi- 4. A crowd or throng; the populace; appli-
same thing. Johnson. ply; having the power to multiply or in- ed to the populace when assembled in
MULTIGEN’EROUS, a. [L. multigenus ; crease numbers. Med. Repos. great numbers, and to the mass of men
multus, many, and genus, kind.] MULTIPLI€CA’TOR, x. The number by without reference to an assemblage.
Having many kinds. Dict. which another number is multiplied ; a He the vast hissing multitude admires.
MULTIJU’GOUS, a. [L. multus, many, and multiplier. Addison.
jugum, a yoke, a pair.] MULTIPLICITY, n. [Fr. multiplicité, from The multitude have always been credulous,
Consisting of many pairs. L. multiplex.) and the few artful. J. Adams.
MULTILAT’ERAL, a. [lL multus, many, 1. A state of being many; as a multiplicity MULTITU'DINOUS, a. Consisting of a
and latus, side.] of thoughts or objects. F multitude or great number.
Having many sides. A multilateral figure 2. Many of the same kind. The pagans o 2. Having the appearance of a multitude;
must also be multangular. antiquity had a multiplicity ofdeities. as the multitudinous sea. Shak.
MULTILIN’EAL, a. Having many lines. MUL‘TIPLIED, pp. Increased in numbers. |3. Manifold ; as the multitudinous tongue.
MULTILO€’/ULAR, a. [L. mulius, many, 2. Numerous ; often repeated ; as multiplied Shak,
and loculus, a cell.} aggressions. MULTIV’/AGANT, bs [L. multivagus.]
Having many cells; as a multilocular peri- MULTIPLIER, x. One who multiplies, or MULTIV’/AGOUS, * Wandering much.
carp. Martyn. inereases number. Vot used.} Dict.
MULTIL/OQUOUS, a. (L. multus, many, 2, The number in arithmetic by which an- MUL’TIVALVE, n. [L. multus, many, an&
and loquor, to speak. ] other is multiplied ; the multiplicator. valve, valves, folding doors.|
 MUM MUM MUN

An animal which has a shell of many valves. presses peevishness, which mumble does To beat to amuwmmy, to beat soundly, or to a
Zoology. not. senseless mass.
MUL’TIVALVE, q. Having many MUMM, ». t. [Dan. mumme, a mask; D! MUM’MY-CHOG, x. A small fish of the
MULTIVALV’ULAR, * valves. mommen, to mask; G. mumme, a mask or carp kind. Pennant.
MULTIV‘ERSANT, a. [L. multus, many, muffle; mummeln, to mask, to mumble ; MUMP, v. t. [D. mompen. See Mum and
and verto, to form.] Fr. mummer ; Sw. formumma, to person- Mumble. }
Protean; turning into many shapes; assum- ate; probably allied to the Gr. wepos, Mo- 1. To nibble; to bite quick; to chew with
ing many forms. Journ. of Science. mus, the deity of sport and ridicule, a but- continued motion ; as a mumping squirrel.
foon; for in Rabbinic, this word is used Otway.
MULTIV'IOUS, a. [L. multus, many, and
fora mask. Buxt. 1219. The primary 2. To talk loud and quick.
via, way.] sense of this word and mum is evidently 3. To go begging. Ainsworth.
Having many ways or roads. [Little used.] 4. To deceive; to cheat. .
ict to close, shut or cover.]
MULTO€'ULAR, a. [L. multus, many, and To mask ;to sport or make Hubberd’s diversion in a MUMP’ER, n. A beggar. Johnson.
mask or disguise. Tale. MUMP‘ING, 2. Begging tricks; foolish
oculus, eye.] tricks ;mockery.
Having many eyes, or more eyes than two. MUM MER, n. One who masks himself and MUMP’ISH, a. Dull; heavy; sullen; sour.
Derham. makes diversion in disguise ; originally,
MUL’TURE, n. [L. molitura, a grinding. one who made sport by gestures without MUMPS, n. [See Mum, Mumble, Mumm.]
speaking. 1. Sullenness ; silent displeasure. [Little
See Mill.] Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mummers. used. Skinner.
1. In Scots law, the toll or emolument given Milton. 2. Adisease, the eynanche parotidea, a swell-
to the proprietor of a mill for grinding MUM’MERY, n. [Fr. momerie ; Sp. mome- ing of the parotid glands. Coxe.
corn. Encye. ria. See Mumm.| MUNCH, v. t. [perhaps Fr. manger, or from
2. A grist or grinding. 1. Masking; sport; diversion; frolicking in‘| the same root.]
MUM, a. [See Mumble, Mumm, and Mum- masks ; low contemptible amusement To chew by great mouthfuls. [Vulgar.]
mery.| buffoonery. Shak
1. Silent; not speaking. Your fathers MUNCH, v.%. To chew eagerly by great
The citizens are mum ; say not a word. Disdained the mummery of foreign strollers.
Shak.| Fenton. mouthfuls. [Vulgar.] den.
9. Asan exclamation or command, be si-| 2. Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and MUNCH’ER, n. One that munches.
lent ;hush. Johnson.
parade to delude vulgar minds.
Mum then, and no more proceed. Shak. MUM MIFY, v. t. [infra.] To make into a MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage,
peace, is found in old laws; as mund-
3. As a noun, silence. Hudibras. mummy. Journ. of Science.
brece, that is, a breaking or violation of the
MUM,n. [G. Dan. mumme ;D. mom.] A spe- MUM/MY, n. [It. mummia ;Sp. Port. momia. peace. It isretained in names, as in Ed-
cies of malt liquor much used in Germa-| >)
mund, Sax. eadmund, happy peace, as in
ny. Itis made ofthe malt of wheat, sev- In Arabic, Lx.o ro momia, is wax, bees- Greek Ireneus, Hesychius. Gibson.
en bushels, with one bushel of oat meal MUN’DANE, a. [L. mundanus, from mun-
o 3
and a bushel of ground beans, or in the) dus, the world.)
same proportion. This is brewed with 63, wax,and a mummy ; Pers. 4 moum,
Belonging to the world ;as mundane sphere;
gallons
E of water, and boiled till one third) wax. A substance thus called is found in mundane space. Bentley.
is evaporated. Encyc., Corasan and in the deserts of Kerman, in MUNDAN’ITY, n. Worldliness. [JVot used.]
MUM/-CHANCE,n. A game ofhazard with! Persia, and according to Chardin, it is a Mountague.
dice. [Zocal.] | gum distilling from rocks. It seems to MUNDA’TION, n. [L. mundus, clean.] ‘The
2. A fool. (Local.] | have some resemblance to asphalt. Qu.
act of cleansing. [.Vot used.
MUM’BLE, v. 7. (G. mummeln; D. mom-, the pissasphaltus of Pliny.] MUN'DATORY, a. [L. mundo, to cleanse. |
elen, mompelen ; Sw. mumla ;Dan. mumler. 1. A dead human body embalmed and dried Cleansing ; having power to cleanse. [Lit-
This word seems to be connected with) after the Egyptian manner ; a name per- tle used.]
mum, in the sense of closeness of the lips.] haps given to it from the substance used MUN’DI€, n. A kind of marcasite ; a min-
_ . To mutter; to speak with the lips or oth-, in preserving it. There are two kinds of| eral substance, so called from its shinin
er organs partly closed, so as to render mummies. The first are bodies dried by appearance. Obs. Wosdenand
the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to’ the heat of the sun. Such are found in MUNDIFI€A’TION, zn. [L. mundus, clean,
utter words with a grumbling tone. the sands of Libya. The other kind is and facio, to make.]
Peace, you mumbling fool. Shak. taken from the catacombs in Egypt.
—A wrinkled hag, with age grown double, Encye. The act or operation of cleansing any body
from dross or extraneous matter.
Picking dry sticks and mumbling to herself. 2. The name of two substances prepared for Quincy.
Otway. medicinal use, which according to Hill
MUNDIF’I€CATIVE, a. Cleansing ; having
9, To chew or bite softly; to eat with the are, the one, the dried flesh of human
the power to cleanse. Wiseman.
lips close. Dryden. bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice ;
MUM’BLE, v. ¢. To utter with a low inar- the other, a liquor running from such MUNDIF’ICATIVE, n. A medicine that
has the quality of cleansing.
ticulate voice. mummies when newly prepared, or when
He with mumbled prayers atones the deity. | affected by great heat and damps. This MUN’DIFY, »v. ¢. [L. mundus, clean, and fa-
Dryden. is preserved in vials, and if suffered to dry, cio, to make. |
becomes solid. But it is alledged that the
To cleanse. [Little used.] Harvey.
2. To mouth gently,orto eat with a moutter-, MU/NERARY, a. [L. munus, a gift.) Having
ing sound. Pope. first sort consists of pieces of the flesh of
the nature ofa gift. [Little used.}
3. To suppress or utter imperfectly. | executed criminals, or other flesh filled Johnson.
Dryden! with bitumen and other ingredients. But
see the opinion of Chardin, supra.
|MUNERATE, MUNERATION. [.Wot used.
MUM’BLED, pp. Uttered with a low inar- See Remunerate.}
ticulate voice; chewed softly or with a) 3. There are found in Poland natural mum- MUN’GREL, n. [See Mongrel.) An animal
low muttering sound. | mies lying in caverns, supposed to be the generated between different kinds, as a
MUM’BLER, x. One that speaks with a remains of persons who in time of war
took refuge in caves, but being discovered dog.
low inarticulate voice.
MUM’BLING, ppr. Uttering with a low in- | were suffocated by their enemies. These
MUN’GREL, a. Generated between differ-
articulate voice ; chewing softly or with a | bodies are dried, with the flesh and skin|
ent kinds; degenerate. Shak. Dryden.
rumbling sound. shrunk almost close to the bones, and are MUNICIPAL, a. [Fr. from L. municipalis,
MUM/BLINGLY, adv. With a low inartic- ofa blackish color. Encyc.| from municeps, a person who enjoys the
ulate utterance. [Mumble and mutter are} 4. Among gardeners, a sort of wax used in} rights ofa free citizen; munus, office, du-
not always synonymous ; mutter often ex-| grafting and planting trees. Chambers.|| ty, and capio, to take.]
 MUR MUR MUR
1. Pertaining to a corporation or city; as| MU’RAL, a. [L. muralis, from murus, a wall ; MURIAT‘'I¢€, a. Having the nature of brine
municipal rights ;municipal officers. _ W. mur, that which is fixed or firm; mu- or salt water ; pertaining to sea salt. The
2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom or nation, riaw, to fix or establish. It seems to be- muriatic acid is the acid of marine salt.
Municipal law is properly defined to be a long to the root of moor, to make fast, asa MURIATIF’EROUS, a. Producing muri-
rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme ship.] atic substances or salt.
power in a state— Blackstone. 1. Pertaining to a wall. MURICAL/CITE, n. Rhomb-spar. Ure.
Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally —Soon repaired her mural breach. Milton. MU’'RICATED, a. [L. muricatus, from mu-
designated that which pertained to a mu- 2. Resembling a wall; perpendicular or rex, the point of a rock.]
nicipium, a free city or town. It still re- steep; as a mural precipice. 1, Formed with sharp points; full of sharp
tains this limited sense; but we have ex- Mural crown, among the ancient Romans, a points or prickles.
tended it to what belongs to a state or na- golden crown or circle of gold, indented 2. In botany, having the surface covered with
tion, as a distinct, independent body. Mu- and embattled, bestowed on him who first sharp points, or armed with prickles.
nicipal law or regulation respects solely mounted the wall of a besieged place and Lee. Martyn.
the citizens of a state, and is thus distin- there lodged a standard. Encye. MU’RICITE, n. Fossil remains of the mu-
uished from commercial law, political law, MURDER, n. [Sax. morther, from morth, rex, a genus ofshells.
and the law of nations. death ; myrthian, to murder ; D. moord ; G. MURINE, a. [L. murinus, from mus, muris,
MUNICIPAL'ITY, n. In France, a certain Dan. Sw. mord ; Ir. marbh ; L. mors; Sp. a mouse.] Pertaining to a mouse or to
district or division of the country ; also, its muerte; It. morte; Pehlavi, murdan, to die; mice.
inhabitants. Burke. Sans. marana; W. marw, to die, which MURK,,n. [Sw. mirker ;Dan. mérkhed ;Russ.
MUNIF’ICENCE, n. [Fr. from L. munifi- seems to be from marth, lying flat or plain; mrak.) Darkness. [Little used.| Shak.
centia ;munus, a gift or favor, and facto, marthu. to flatten, to deaden. If this is MURKY, a. [Dan. mérk; Sw. mérk, dark,
to make.] the sense, the primary idea is to fail or obscure ; morka, to darken; Russ. merknu.
1. A giving or bestowing liberally ;bounty ; fall, or to beat down. The old orthog- to obscure ; allied perhaps to Moor, an Af-
liberality. To constitute munificence, the raphy, murther, is obsolete.| rican ; Gr. aparpos.|
act of conferring must be free, and pro- 1. The act of unlawfully killing a human be- Dark; obscure ; gloomy.
ceed from generous motives. ing with premeditated malice, by a person A murky storm deep lowering o’er our heads.
A state of poverty obscures all the virtues of| of sound mind. To constitute murder in Addison.
liberality and mumificence. Addison. law, the person killing another must be offMURMUR, n. [L. See the Verb.] A low
2. In Spenser, fortification or strength. [L. sound mind or in possession of his reason, sound continued or continually repeated,
munio, to fortify.] [Mot used.] and the act must be done with malice pre- as that of a stream running in a stony
MUNIF’ICENT, a. Liberal in giving or be- pense, aforethought or premeditated ; but channel, or that of flame.
stowing; generous; as a munificent bene- malice may be implied, as well as express. Black melancholy sits,
factor or patron. Atterbury. Coke. Blackstone. Deepens the murmur of the falling floods,
MUNIF’ICENTLY, adv. Liberally; gen- 2. An outery, when life is in danger. And breathes a browner horror on the woods.
erously. Pope.
MUR’DER, v. t. [Sax. myrthian ;D. moor-
MU‘NIMENT, n. [L. munimentum, from den; G. morden; Sw. mérda.} 2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered
munio, to fortify] 1. To kill a human being with premeditated in a low, muttering voice.
1. A fortification of any kind ; astrong hold ; malice. [See the Noun.] Some discontents there are, some idle mur-
a place of defense. 2. To destroy ; to put an end to. murs. Dryden.
2, Support; defense. Shak. Canst thou murder thy breath in middle of| MUR’MUR, v.7. [L. murmuro; Gr. wopprpa;
3. Record; a writing by which claims and a word? Shak. Fr. murmurer; Arm. murmuli ; Sp. Port.
rights are defended or maintained. T'ermes MUR’DERED, pp. Slain with malice pre- murmurar ; It. mormorare. This seems to
de la ley. Johnson’s Rep. pense. be a duplication of the root, which is re-
MU'NITE, v. t. To fortify. [ot in use.] MUR’‘DERER, n. A person who in possess- tained in the D. morren, G. murren, Sw.
Bacon. ion of his reason, unlawfully kills a hu- murra, Dan. murrer, to mutter, growl or
MUNI’TION, n. [Fr. from L. munitio, from man being with premeditated malice. murmur; Sp. morro, purring, as a cat;
munio, to fortify. The primary sense is 2. A small piece of ordnance. --U-e

that which is set or fixed, or that which MUR’DERESS, n. A female who commits Sw. morr, a grumbling ; Ar.
defends, drives back or hinders. Indeed, SS
murder. Dryden. Class Mr. No. 7. It seems also to be con-
both senses may be from the same root, MUR’DERING, ppr. Killing a human being
nected with mourn, Sax. murnan, murc-
with malice premeditated. nian, to murmur. |
Heb. Ch. yin, Ar. iw, or Heb. tnx MUR’DEROUS, a. Guilty of murder; as
1. To make a low continued noise, like the
amen. Class Mn. No. 10, 12.] the murderous king. Milton. hum of bees, a stream of water, roll-
J. Fortification. Obs. Hale. 2. Consisting in murder; done with mur- ing waves, or like the wind in a forest;
2. Ammunition; whatever materials are us- der; bloody; cruel; as murderous rapine. as the murmuring surge. Shak.
ed in war for defense, or for annoying an 3. Bloody ; sanguinary ; committing murder ; The forests murmur and the surges roar.
enemy. The word includes guns of all as murderous tyranny. Pope.
kinds, mortars, &c. and their loading. 4. Premeditating murder ; as murderous in- 2. To grumble ; to complain ; to utter com-
3. Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for tent or design. plaints in a low, half articulated voice; to
ships of war, and in general for an army ; MUR/DEROUSLY, adv. In a murderous or utter sullen discontent; with at, before
stores of all kinds for a fort, an army or cruel manner. the thing which is the cause of discontent;
navy. MURE, n. [L. murus.] A wall. [ot used.] as, murmur not at sickness ; or with at or
Munition-ships, ships which convey military Shak. against, before the active agent which pro-
and naval stores of any kind, and attend MURE, v. t. (Fr. murer.] To inclose in walls ; duces the evil.
or follow a fleet to supply ships of war. to wall. Knolles. The Jews murmured at him. John vi.
MUNITY, n. Freedom; security. [Not But immure is chiefly used.] The people murmured against Moses. Ex.
used.| [See Immunity. ] MU’RIACITE, n. [See Muriate.] A stone xi.
MUNNION, n. mun'yon. {See Munition.] composed of salt, sand and gypsum. MUR/MURER, n. One who murmurs; one
An upright piece of timber which sep- MU’RIATE, n. [L. muria, muries, salt water, who complains sullenly ; a grumbler.
arates the several lights in a window- brine ; amarus, bitter ;Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. MUR/MURING, ppr. Uttering complaints
frame. [See Mullion.] Moron Eth. Ar. 390, to be bitter. Class Mr. No. 7.] in a low voice or sullen manner; grum-
A salt formed by muriatic acid combined bling ;complaining.
as bn. The mouth. [Vulgar.] with a base. \MUR/MURINGLY, adv. With a low sound;
MU’‘RAGE, n. [L. murus, a wall.] Money MU’RIATED, a. Combined with muriatic with complaints.
paid for keeping walls in repair. Termes acid. Kirwan.||MUR’MUROUS, a. Exciting murmur or
de la ley. Johnson. 2. Put in brine. Evelyn. complaint.
(9)
om 0
Vol. IT.
 MUS MUS MUS
MURR, vn. A catarrh. [Not in use.] sugar are procured by refining. Musco- Full of museful mopings. Dryden.
Gascoigne. vado is obtained from the juice of the sugar MU’'SELESS, a. Disregarding the power of
MURRAIN, n. mur‘rin. [Sp. morrina, adis- cane by evaporation and draining off the oetry. Milton.
ease among cattle, sadness ;Port. morrin- liquid part called melasses. Edwards. MU’SER, n. One who thinks closely in si-
ha; It. moria; morire, Port. morrér, Sp. (‘This word is used either as a noun or lence, or one apt to be absent in mind.
morir, L. morior, to die.] an adjective.] Johnson.
An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. ‘MUS’€OVY-DUCK, xn. The musk-duck, MU'SET, n. The place through which the
Ex. ix. Bacon. Garth. Anas moschata. hare goes to relief; a hunting term.
MUR’RE, n. A kind ofbird. Carew. MUS/€OVY-GLASS, n. Mica, which see. Bailey.
MUR’REY, a. [from the root of Moor, an MUS‘€ULAR, a. [from muscle.] Pertaining} MUSE’UM, x. [Gr. wovsecor, a place for the
African.] Of adark red color. toa muscle ; as a muscular fiber. muses or for study.]
Bacon. Boyle. 2. Performed by a muscle ; as muscular mo- A house or apartment appropriated as a re-
tion. pository of things that have an immediate
MUR’RHINE, a. [L. murrhinus.] An epi- relation to the arts; a cabinet of curiosi-
thet given toa delicate kind of ware or 3. Strong; brawny; vigorous ;as amuscular
body or frame. ties.
porcelain brought from the east; Pliny
says from Carmania, now Kerman, in Per-
MUS€ULARITY, x. The state of being MUSH, n. [G. mus, pap.] The meal of maiz
muscular. Grew. boiled in water. °
sia. Encyc. Pinkerton. MUSH’ROOM, n. [Fr. mousseron, the white
MUS‘€ULITE, n. A petrified muscle or
MUR’RION, n. [Port. morriam ; It. morione ; mushroom, from mousse, moss, or the same
shell. Kirwan.
from the root of L. murus, a wall. See root, bearing the sense of softness or
MUS’€ULOUS, a. [L. musculosus.] Full of
Mural.) nap.]}
A helmet; a casque; armor for the head; muscles.
2. Strong ;brawny. 1. The common name of numerous crypto-
written also morion. King. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles. gamian plants of the natural order of Fungi.
MUS‘ARD, n. [Fr. See Muse.] Adream- MUSE, n. s asz. [L.musa; Gr. povoa, See Some of them are esculent, others poison-
er; one who is apt to be absent in mind. ous. Mushrooms grow on dunghills and
Obs. Chaucer.
the Verb.]
1. Properly, song; but in usage, the deity in moist rich ground, and often spring up
MUS’€ADEL, [It. moscatello ;Port. Sp. or power of poetry. Hence poets in mod- in ashort time.
MUS’cADINE, moscatel ; Fr. muscat, The origin of man, in the view of the atheist,
ern times, as in ancient, invoke the aid of]
MUS€AT’, “muscadin, muscadet ; is the same with that of the mushroom.
the Muse or Muses, or in other words, the
MUS’€ATEL, } from It. moscado, musk, Dwight.
genius of poetry.
or muscata [noce moscada,] a nutmeg, Fr. Granville commands ; your aid, O Muses,
2. An upstart; one that rises suddenly from
muscade, from musc. Hence, in Italian, bring, a low condition in life. Bacon.
vin muscato, muscat, or muscadine wine.] What Muse for Granville can refuse to sing ? MUSH’/ROOM-STONE, n. A fossil or stone.
1. An appellation given to a kind of rich Pope. that produces mushrooms; the Lyncurius.
wine, and to the grapes which produce it. 2. Deep thought ; close attention or con- Woodward.
The word is also used as a noun. templation which abstracts the mind from MU'SI€, n. sasz. [L. musica; Gr. povorxy ;
2. A sweet pear. passing scenes; hence sometimes, absence Fr. musique. See Muse.}
MUS'CLE, n. [Fr. from L. musculus, a mus- of mind. 1. Melody or harmony; any succession of
cle, and a little mouse; D. Sw. Dan. mus- As in great muse, no word to creature spake. sounds so modulated as to please the ear,
kel; G. muschel; Gy. avs, a mouse, and a Spenser. or any combination of simultaneous sounds
muscle. ] He was fill’d in accordance or harmony. Music is vo-
i In anatomy, the muscles are the organs With admiration and deep muse to hear cal or instrumental. Vocal music is the
of motion, consisting of fibers or bundles Of things so high and strange. melody of a single voice, or the harmony
Milton. of two or more voices in concert. Instru-
of fibers inclosed in a thin cellular mem-
brane. The muscles are susceptible of MUSE, v. 7. s as z. [Fr. muser, to loiter or menial music is that produced by one or
contraction and relaxation, and in a healthy trifle; It. musare, to gaze, to stand idle; more instruments.
state the proper muscles are subject to the allied to this word probably are L. musso By music minds an equal temper know.
and mussito, to mutter or murmur, to de- ; Pope.
will, and are called voluntary muscles.
But other parts of the body, as the heart, mur, to be silent. The Greek urge signi- wo. Any entertainment consisting in melody
fies to press, or utter sound with the lips or harmony.
the urinary bladder, the stomach, &c. are What music and dancing and diversions and
of a muscular texture, and susceptible of compressed. The latter verb belongs to
songs are to many in the world, that prayers and
contraction and dilatation, but are not sub- Class Mg; for mvyua, a sound uttered devotions and psalms are to you. Law.
ject to the will, and are therefore called through the nose or with close lips, is of, The science of harmonical sounds, which
involuntary muscles. The redcolor of the the same family, L. mussitatio. The word treats of the principles of harmony, or the
muscles is owing to the blood vessels then primarily denotes what we call hum- properties, dependencies and relations of
which they contain. The ends of the mus- ming, to hum, as persons do when idle, or sounds to each other. This may be eall-
cles are fastened to the bones which they alone and steadily occupied. If the ele- ed speculative or theoretical music. Encyc.
move, and when they act in opposition to ments of the word are Ms, it may be re- > The art of combining sounds in a man-
each other, they are called antagonists. ner to please the ear. This is practical
Encye. ferred to the Ar. Syr. ured: Class Ms.
music or composition. Encyc.
Muscles are divided into the head, belly No. 35.] 5. Order; harmony in revolutions; as the
and tai]. The head is the part fixed on 1. To ponder; to think closely ; to study in music of the spheres.
the immovable joint called its origin, and silence. MU’SICGAL, a. Belonging to music ; as mu-
is usually tendinous; the belly is the mid- He mused upon some dangerous plot. sical proportion ; a musical instrument.
dle fleshy part, which consists of the true Sidney. 2. Producing music or agreeable sounds; as
muscular fibers; the tail is the tendinous I muse on the works of thy hands. Ps. exliii. a musical voice.
portion inserted into the part to be moved, 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so occupied 3. Melodious; harmonious; pleasing to the
called the insertion; but in the tendon, the in study or contemplation, as not to ob- ear; as musical sounds or numbers.
fibers are more compact than in the belly serve passing scenes or things present. MU’SICALLY, adv. Ina melodious or har-
of the muscle, and do not admit the red Shak. monious manner; with sweet sounds.
globules. Parr. 3. To wonder. MU’SICALNESS, n. The quality
of being
. A bivalvular shell fish ef the genus Myti- Do not muse of me. |Obs. Shak. melodious or harmonious. 4
lus; sometimes written mussel. \MUSE, v. ¢t. To think on; to meditate on. MU’SI€-BOOK, n. A book containing tunes
MUSCOS'ITY, n. Mossiness. Thomson. or songs for the voice or for instruments.
MUSE€EOVA’DO, n. Unrefined sugar; the MU’/SEFUL, a. Thinking deeply or closely; MUSICIAN, n. A person skilled in the
yaw material from which loaf and lump! silently thoughuul. science of music, or one that sings or per-
 MUS MUS MUS
on instruments of music according: 2, One who is armed with a musketoon.
. forms ty. A man must eat for nourishmeni,
to the rules of the art. Bacon. Dryden. Herbert. and he must sleep for refreshment. We
MU’SI€-M‘ASTER, n. One who teaches MUSK‘INESS, n. [from musk.] The scent must submit to the laws or be exposed to
music. ; of musk. Johnson. punishment. A bill in a legislative body
MU’SING, ppr. Meditating in silence. _ MUSK’/MELON, n. [musk and melon.) A must have three readings before it can
MU/SING, n. Meditation; contemplation. delicious species of melon ;named proba- pass to be enacted.
MUSK, n. [L. muscus ; Gr. “ooxos, musk, bly from its fragrance. 2. It expresses moral fitness or propriety, as
and moss; It. musco and muschio; Sp. MUSK’-OX, n. A species of the genus Bos, necessary or essential to the character or
musco; Fr. Arm. musc; W. mwsg. The which inhabits the country about Hudson’s end proposed. ‘“ Deacons must be grave ;”
latter Owen derives from mws, which as a Bay. It has large horns united at the ‘*a bishop must have a good report of them
noun signifies something that shoots out, skull, but turned downward on each side that are without.” 1 Tim. iii.
efiluvia, and as an adjective, of a strong of the head. The hair of this animal is MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must; It. Sp.
scent. The Arabic word coinciding with very long and fine. Encye. Port. mosto ; Russ. mst; Fr. mot; D. G.
MUSK/-PEAR, n. A fragrant kind of pear. most; Heb. Ch. xynn to ferment. Class
these is found under SONS, masaka, to Johnson. Ms. No. 38.]
MUSK’/RAT, An American animal of New wine ; wine pressed from the grape
hold or contain, and the name is interpret- MUS/QUASH, ™ the murine genus, the but not fermented. Encye.
ed to signify both the follicle containing the Mus zibethicus. It has a compressed, lan- MUST, v. t. [Fr. moisi, moldy ; Ir. musgam,
matter, and the substance contained. } ceolated tail, with toes separate. It has to be musty. Qu. W. mws, of a strong
A strong scented substance obtained from the smell of musk in summer, but loses it scent.]| To make moldy and sour.
a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet in winter. The fur is used by hatters. Its Mortimer.
musk [Moschus moschiferus,) an animal popular name in America is musquash. MUST, v.%. To grow moldy and sour; to
that inhabits the Asiatic Alps, especially Belknap. contract a fetid smell.
the Altaic chain. This animal is a little MUSK’-ROSE, n. A species of rose ; so MUS’TA€, n. A small tufted monkey.
more than three feet in length; the head called from its fragrance. Bacon. Milton. MUSTA’CHES, n. [Fr. moustaches ; Sp.
resembles that of the roe, the fur is coarse, MUSK’-SEED, nv. A plant of the genus Hi- mostacho, a whisker ; It. mostacchio ; Gr.
like that of the cervine race, but thick, biscus. pusag, the upper lip, and the hair growing
erect, smooth and soft. It has no horns, MUSK’-WOOD, x. A species of plant of on it.
but the male has two long tusks, one on the genus Trichilia. Whiskers; long hair on the upper Jip.
each side, projecting from the mouth. MUSK’Y, a. Having the odor of musk; fra- MUS’TARD, n. [It. mostarda; Fr. mou-
The female is smajler than the male, and grant. Milton. tarde; Arm. mustard ; Port. mostarda ; Sp.
has neither tusks nor follicle. The cyst of MUS’LIN, n. s as > [Fr. mousseline ; It. mostaza ; W. mwstarz; mws, that has a
the male is about the size of a hen’s egg, mussolina, mussolo; Sp. moselina or musu- strong scent, and farz, a breaking out.]
oval, flat on one side and rounded on the lina. This, if acompound word, is formed A plant of the genus Sinapis. and its seed,
other, having a small orifice. This con- of Fr, mousse, moss, or its root, on account which has a pungent taste and is a pow-
tains a clotted, oily, friable matter of a ofits soft nap, and lin, flax. The opinion erful stimulant. It is used externally in
dark brown color, which is the true musk, of Lunier that it is named from Moussoul, cataplasms, and internally as a diuretic
one of the strongest odors or perfumes in in Mesopotamia, is probably unfounded.] and stimulant. Encyc.
nature. We give the name to the sub- A sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a MUSTEEF’, : A person of a mixed breed.
stance and to the animal. Encye. downy knot on its surface. Encye. MESTEE’, §™ W. Indies.
MUSK, n. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as a muslin MUS'TELINE, a. [L. mustelinus, from mus-
Johnson. gown. tela, a weasel.]
MUSK, v. t. To perfume with musk. MUSLINET’, n. A sort of coarse cotton Pertaining to the weasel or animals of the
MUSK’-APPLE, n. A particular kind of cloth. genus Mustela; as a musteline color; the
apple. MUS/MON, An animalesteemed a spe- musteline genus.
MUSK’-CAT, n. The musk, which see. MUS/IMON, ” cies of sheep, described by MUS’TER, v. t. [G. mustern, D. monsteren,
MUSK’/-CHERRY, n. A kind of cherry. the ancients as common in Corsiea, Sardi- Sw. ménstra, Dan. mynstrer, to: muster;
MUSK/ET, n. [It. moschetto; Sp. mosquete ; nia and Barbary. Buffon considers it to It. mostrare, Sp. Port. mostrar, Fr. mon-
Fr. mousquet. It seems to be formed from be the sheep in a wild state. Encyce. trer, L. monstro, to show. Either n has
Sp. mosca, L. musca, a fly.] MUS’‘ROLE, n. [Fr. muserolle, from museau, been lost in some ofthese languages, or it
1. A species of fire-arms used in war, and muzzle.] The nose band of a horse’s bri- is not radical in the Latin.]
fired by means of a lighted match. This dle. Bailey. Properly, to collect troops for review, parade
manner of firing was in use as late as the MUSS, 2. A scramble. [Volt used.] Shak. and exercise; but in general, to collect
civil war in England. But the proper MUSSEL. [See Musele.] or assemble troops, persons or things.
musket is no longer in use. The name, MUS'SITE, n. [from the valley of Mussa, The officers muster their soldiers recular-
however, in common speech, is yet appli- in Piedmont.] ly; they muster all their forces. The phi-
A variety of pyroxene of a greenish white
ed to fusees or fire-locks fired by a spring losopher musters all the wise sayings of the
lock. Encye. color ; otherwise called diopside. ancients. Spenser. Locke. Tillotson.
2. A male hawk of a small kind, the female Dict. Nat. Hist. MUS'TER, v. 7%. To assemble; to meet in
of which is the sparrow hawk. MUS’SULMAN, n. A Mohammedan or fol- one place.
Dryden. Hanmer. lower of Mohammed. The word, it is MUS’TER, n. [It. Port. mostra, a show or
said, signifies in the Turkish language a muster; Sp. muestra, a pattern, a mod-
MUSKETEE/R, n. A soldier armed with a el, a muster-roll; G. muster, a pattern, a
true believer, or orthodox. It may be from
musket. Clarendon. sample; D. monster; Dan. mynster; L.
Ar. eslam, salvation. Cyc. Thomson.
MUSKE’TOE, n. [Sp. Port. mosquito, from MUS/SULMANISH, a. Mohammedan. monstrum, a show or prodigy.]
Sp. mosca, L. museca, afly.] -
Herbert. 1. An assembling of troops for review, or 2
A small insect of the genus Culex, that is MUST, v. 7. [Sax. most ;D. moeten, moest ;Sw. review oftroops under arms. Encye.
bred in water; a species of gnat that
miste ; G. miissen. Tt is used as an auxil- 2. A register or roll of troops mustered.
abounds in marshes and low lands, and Ye publish the musters of your own bands.
lary verb, and has no variation to express
whose sting is peculiarly painful and vex- Hooker.
atious. person, time or number. Its primary
sense is probably to be strong or able, as 3. A collection, or the act of collecting.
MUSKETOON’, n. [Fr. mousqueton. See it is rendered in Saxon; from pressing, “Ainsworth.
Musket.] straining. Class Ms. No. 25. Ch. and No. To pass muster, to be approved or allowed.
A short thick musket, carrying five ounces 31.] South.
ofiron, or seven and a half of lead; the 1. To be obliged ; tobe necessitated. It ex- MUS’/TER-BOOK, n. A book in which
shortest kind of blunderbuss. Encyc. presses both physical and moral necessi- forces are registered. Shak.
 MU T MUT
MUS’TER-M'‘ASTER, zn. One who takes
an account of troops, and of their arms
and other military apparatus. The chie:
officer of this kind is called muster-master-
eneral. Encyc.
MUS’TER-ROLL, n. A roll or registero
the troops in each company, troop or
regiment. ee
MUS'TILY, adv. [from musty.] Moldily;
sourly.
MUS’TINESS, n. The quality of being
musty or sour; moldiness ;damp foulness.
Evelyn.
MUS’TY, a. [from must.] Moldy; sour;
foul and fetid; as a musty cask; musty
corn or straw ; musty books.
2. Stale; spoiled by age.
The proverb is somewhat musty. Shak.
3. Having an ill flavor; as musty wine.
Pope.
4. Dull; heavy; spiritless.
That he may not grow musty and unfit for
MU T
. In grammar, a letter that represents no MU'TINY, x. [Fr, mutin, refractory, stub-
sound; a close articulation which inter- born; mutiner, to mutiny or rise in arms;
cepts the voice. Mutes are of two kinds, mutinerie, mutiny; Sp. molin, a mutiny;
pure and impure. The pure mutes instant- amotinar, to excite rebellion; It. muti-
ly and entirely intercept the voice, ask, p nare, to mutiny; Port. motim ; D. muiten,
and #, in the syllables ek, ep, et. The im- mutiny, and as a verb, to mutiny, and to
pure mutes intercept the voice less sudden- mew, to molt or cast the fethers, coinci-
ly, as the articulations are less close. Such ding with the Fr. muer, Eng. to mew; G.
are b, d and g, asin the syllables eb, ed, eg. meuterey, mutiny, and mausen, to mew or
3. In music, a little utensil of wood or brass, molt; Dan. mylerie; Sw. mytterz, mutiny;
used on a violin to deaden or soften the Arm. muza, to mew or molt. Wesee that
sounds. Busby. these words, mutiny and mew, are from
MUTE, v. i. [Fr. mutir.] To eject the con- the same root as L. muto, to change, W.
tents of the bowels, as birds. B. Jonson. mudaw, which is radically the same word
MUTE, n. The dung offowls. as L. moto, to move. Mutiny is formed
MU’/TELY, adv. Silently ;without uttering from the French mutin, a derivative word,
words or sounds. Milton. and mew from the rootor verb. So motin,
MU’TENESS, x. Silence ; forbearance ba in Spanish, is a derivative, while muda,
speaking. change, and Port. mudar, to change fethers,
MU’TILATE, v. ¢. [L. mutilo, probably
from the root of meto, to cut off; Fr. mu- are directly from the verb; Eth. PeMN
tiler; It. mutilare.} --

conversation. Addison. 1. To cut off a limb or essential part of an
MUTABIL‘TY, n. [Fr. mutabilité ; It. muta- animal body. To cut off the hand or foot
biliti; L. mutabilitas, from mutabilis, mu- is to mutilate the body or the person.
to, to change. ] 2. To cut or break off, or otherwise sepa-
. Changeableness ; susceptibility of change ; rate any important part, as of a statue or An insurrection of soldiers or seamen
the quality of being subject to change or building. ' Encye.
alteration, either in form, state or essen- 3. To retrench, destroy or remove any ma-
tial qualities. terial part, so as to render the thing im-
Plato confesses that the heavens and the perfect; as, to mutilate the poems of Ho-
frame of the world are corporeal, and _therefore mer or the orations of Cicero.
subject to mutability. Stillingfleet.
Among the mutilated poets of antiquity, there
The state of habitually or frequently is none whose fragments are so beautiful as
changing. those of Sappho. Addison.
3. Changeableness, as of mind, disposition MU’TILATED, pp. Deprived of a limb or
or will; inconstancy ; instability ; as the of an essential part.
mutability of opinion or purpose. MU’TILATED, In botany, the reverse
MU’TABLE, a. [It. mutabile; L. mutabilis, MU’TILATE, §™ of lucuriant ;not pro-
from muto, to change, W. mudaw. See ducing a corol, when not regularly apeta-
Mew.| lous ; applied to flowers. Lee. Martyn.
. Subjectto change; changeable ; that may MU/TILATING, ppr. Retrenching a limb
be altered in form, qualities or nature. or anessential part.
Almost every thing we see on earth is MUTILA/TION, n. (L. mutilatio.] The act
mutable; substances are mutable in their of mutilating ; deprivation of a limb or of be mutiny.
form, and we all know by sad experience an essential part.
how mutable are the conditions oflife. 2. Mutilation is a term of very general im-
. Inconstant ; unsettled; unstable ; suscep-
port, applied to bodies, to statues, to
tible of change. Our opinions and our buildings and to writings; but appropri-
purposes are mutable.
ately,itdenotes the retrenchment of a hu-
MU'TABLENESS, x. Changeableness ; man limb or member, and particularly of| MU’TINY, v. iz. To rise against lawful au-
mutability ; instability.
the male organs of generation.
MUTA/TION, n. [L. mutatio.} The act or MU’TILATOR, n. One who mutilates.
process of changing.
MU’TILOUS, a. Mutilated ; defective ; im-
2. Change; alteration, either in form or perfect. Ray.
qualities.
Mutine, a mutineer, and mutine, to mutiny,
The vicissitude or mutations in the superior
globe are no fit matter for this present argument.
are not in use.
Bacon. MUTINE’ER, n. [See Mutiny.] One guilty MUT’TER,
of mutiny; a person in military or naval
MUTE, a. [L. mutus; W. mid; Fr. muet; service, who rises in opposition to the au-
It. muto; Sp. mudo; Ir. muite ; Arm. mud
thority of the officers, who openly resists 1. To utter words with alow voice and com-
or simudet.| the government of the army or navy, or
1. Silent; not speaking ; not uttering words, attempts to destroy due subordination.
or not having the power of utterance;
dumb. Mute may express temporary si- MU’TING, n. The dung of fowls. More.
lence, or permanent inability to speak. MU’TINOUS, a. Turbulent; disposed to
resist the authority of laws and regula- 2. To sound witha low rumbling noise.
To the mute my speech is Jost. Dryden.
In this phrase, it denotes unable to utter tions in an army or navy, or openly resist-
words. More generally, it denotes tempo- ing such authority.
2. Seditious. [See Mutiny.]
rarily silent ; as, all sat mute.
All the heavenly choir stood mute. Milton. MU’TINOUSLY, adv. Ina manneror with
2. Uttering no sound; as mute sorrow. intent to oppose lawful authority or due
3. Silent; not pronounced ; asa mute letter. subordination in military or naval service.
MUTE, n. In law, a person that stands MU/TINOUSNESS, v. The state of being
speechless when he ought to answer or mutinous; opposition to lawful authority
plead. among military men.
to turn; Ar. |. to move or drive, or
bt. to drive. Class Md. No. 14. 10.]
against the authority of their command-
ers; open resistance of officers or oppo-
sition to their authority. A mutiny is prop-
erly the act of numbers, but by statutes
and orders for governing the army and
navy in different countries, the acts which
constitute mutiny are multiplied and de-
fined ;andacts of individuals, amounting
to a resistance of the authority or lawful
commands of officers, are declared to be
mutiny. Any attempt to excite opposition
to lawful authority, or any act of con-
tempt towards officers, or disobedience of
commands, is by the British mutiny act
declared to be mutiny. Any concealment
of mutinous acts, or neglect to attempt a
suppression of them, is declared also to
[Vote. In good authors who lived a century
ago, mutiny and mutinous were applied to in-
surrection and sedition in civil society. But I
believe these words are now applied exclusively
to soldiers and seamen. }
thority in military and naval service; to
excite or attempt to excite opposition to
the lawful commands of military and na-
val officers; to commit some act which
tends to bring the authority of officers in-
to contempt, or in any way to promote in-
subordination.
v. i. [L. mutio, muttio, and
musso, mussito; allied perhaps to muse,
which see.|
pressed lips, with sullenness or in com-
plaint; to grumble ; to murmur.
Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare,
And mutter to himself. Dryden.
Thick lightnings flash, the muttering thun-
der rolls. Pope.
MUT’TER, v. ¢. To utter with imperfect
articulations, or with a low murmuring
voice.
Your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath
muttered perverseness. Is. lix.
They in sleep will mutter their affairs.
Shak.
 MY MYR MYS
MUT’TER, n. Murmur; obscure utterance. Belonging to me; as, this ismy book. For- MYROP/OLIST, n. [Gr. srpov, unguent,
Milton. merly, mine was used before a vowel, and and zr, to sell.] One that sells un-
MUT’TERED, pp. Uttered in a low mur- my before a consonant; my is now used guents. [Little used.]
muring voice. before both. We say, my sok my own MYRRH, n. mer. (L. myrrha; Gr. uvppa or
MUT’TERER, n. A grumbler,; one that book; my old friend. Mine is still used onepva; Sp. It. mirra ; Fr. myrrhe ; Arabic,
mutters. , after a verb; as, this book is mine.
MUT’TERING, ppr. Uttering with a low MYNHEE’R, n. [D. my lord or master.]
from > marra, to be bitter. Class Mr.}
murmuring voice; grumbling ;murmur- A Dutchman.
ing. MYOGRAPH‘I€AL, a. [See Myography.] A gum-resin that comes in the form of
MUT’TERINGLY, adv. With alow voice; Pertaining to a description of the muscles. drops or globules of various colors and
without distinct articulation. MY¥OG’RAPHIST, n. One who describes sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable
MUTTON, x. mut’n, [Fr. mouton, for moul- the muscles of animals. smell, and ofa bitter taste. It is imported
ton; W. mollt, a wether; Arm. maud ; Ir. MYOG’/RAPHY, n. [Gr. urs, uvos, a muscle, from Egypt, but chiefly from the southern
molt. Qu. Gr. unrov.] and ypapa, to describe.] A description o or eastern parts of Arabia; from what
1. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed for the muscles of the body. species of tree or plant it is procured, is
food. MYOLOG‘I€AL, a. [See Myology.] Per- unknown. As a medicine, it is a good
2. Asheep. [But this sense is now obsolete taining to the description and doctrine of stomachic, antispasmodic and cordial.
or ludicrous.] Bacon. the muscles. Parr. Fourcroy. Encye.
MUT’TONFIST, x. A large red brawny MYOL’OGY, xn. [uvs, wvos, muscle, and doyos, MYR’RHINE, a. [L. myrrhinus.| Made of
hand. Dryden. discourse. } the myrrhine stone. [See Murrine.]
MU'TUAL, a. [Fr.mutuel; L. mutuus, from A description of the muscles, or the doctrine Milton.
muto, to change.] of the muscles of the human body. /MYR’TIFORM, a. [L. myrtus, myrtle, and
Reciprocal; interchanged each acting in Cheyne. Encyc. form.] Resembling myrtle or myrtle ber-
return or correspondence to the other; MY’OPE, n. [Gr. pra}; pve, to shut, and ries.
given and received. Mutual love is that oy}, the eye.}] A short-sighted person. MYR’TLE, n. [L. myrtus; Gr. prpros.] A
which is entertained by two persons each Adams. plant of the genus Myrtus, of several spe-
for the other; mutual advantage is that MY‘OPY, n. Short-sightedness. Encyc. cies. The common myrtle rises with a
which is conferred by one person on an- MYRIAD, n. [Gr. popcas, from prptos, ex- shrubby upright stem, eight or ten feet
other, and received by him in return. So treme, innumerable ; W. myr, that is infi- high. Its branches form a close full head,
we say, mutual assistance, mutual aver- nite, fluetuating, ants, emmets; myrz, in- closely garnished with oval lanceolate
sion. finity, a myriad, ten thousand. Here leaves. It has numerous small, pale flow-
And, what should most excite a mutual flame, we see the origin of the Gr. uupuos, uvpuné, ers from the axillas, singly on each foot-
Your rural cares and pleasures are the same. stalk. Encye.
an ant, so named from numbers or mo-
Pope. tion. See Fervent.] MY’RUS, n. A species of sea-serpent, of the
MUTUAL/‘TY, n. Reciprocation; inter- anguilliform kind. Dict. Nat. Hist.
1. The number often thousand.
change. Shak. MYSELF’, pron. A compound of my and
MU'TUALLY, adv. Reciprocally; in the 2. An immense number, indefinitely. self, used after I, to express emphasis,
manner of giving and receiving. Milton.
marking emphatically the distinction be-
The tongue and the pen mutually assist one MYRIAM’ETER, n. [Gr. prpia, ten thou- tween the speaker and another person;
another. Holder. sand, and uerpov, measure. |
{Note. Mutual and mutually properly refer In the new system of French measures, the as, I myself will do it; f have done it my-
self.
to two persons or their intercourse ; but length of ten thousand meters, equal to
they may be and often are applied to two mean leagues of the ancient meas- 2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of T.
bumbers acting together or in concert.] 1 will defend myself.
ure. Lunier.
MUTUA‘TION, n. [L. mutuatio.] The act MYR'IAREH, n. [Gr. wrpa, ten thousand,|3. It is sometimes used without I, particu-
of borrowing. [Little used.] Hall. larly in poetry.
and apzos, chief.] Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor.
MU’TULE, n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, A captain or commander of ten thousand Addison.
a square modillion under the cornice. In men. MYSTAGOGUE, n. mys'tagog. (Gr. poers,
French, it is rendered a corbel or bracket. MYR‘IARE, n. [Gr. wpa and are, L. area.] one initiated in mysteries, and aywyos, a
MUZ'ZLE, n. (Fr. museau, muzzle or snout ;| A French linear measure of ten thousand leader.]
Arm. musell; probably from the root of ares, or 100,000 square meters. Lunier. 1. One who interprets mysteries. — Bailey.
mouth,
MYR/‘ICIN, xn. The substance which re- 2. One that keeps church relics and shows
1. The mouth of a thing; the extreme or mains after bees-wax, or the wax of the them to strangers. Bailey.
end for entrance or discharge; applied) Myrica cordifolia, has been digested in al- MYSTE’/RIAL, a, Containing a mystery or
chiefly to the end of a tube, as the open cohol. Dr. John. enigma. B. Jonson.
end of a common fusee or pistol, or of a MYRIOL/ITER, n. (Gr. nrpios and arpa, a (MYSTE’RIAREH, rn. [Gr. uvenprop, inyste-
bellows. ry, and apzos, chief.]
pound.] A French measure of capacity,
2. A fastening for the mouth which hinders
from biting. containing ten thousand liters, or 610,280)! One presiding over mysteries. Johnson.
cubic inches. MYSTE’RIOUS, a. [See Mystery.] Obscure ;
With golden muzzles all their mouths were
bound. Dryden. MYR’MIDON, n. [Gr. pvpuydor, a mullti-
hid from the understanding ; not clearly
MUZ’‘ZLE, »v. t. To bind the mouth; to fas- tude of ants; W. myr; qu. so called from understood. The birth and connections of
ten the mouth to prevent biting or eating. their numbers or from their industry.] the man with the iron mask in France are
Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he tread- Primarily, the Myrmidons are said to have mysterious, and have never been explained.
eth out the corn. Deut. xxv. been a people on the borders of Thessaly, | 2. In religion, obscure ; secret; not revealed
2. To fondle with the mouth close. [Low.] who accompanied Achilles to the war or explained ; hidden from human under-
3. To restrain from hurt. against Troy. Hence the name came to standing, or unintelligible ;beyond human
My dagger muzzled— Shak. signify a soldier of a rough character, a comprehension. Applied to the divine
MUZ’ZLE, v. i. To bring the mouth near. desperate soldier or ruffian. counsels and government, the word often
The bear muzzles and smells to him. MYROB’ALAN, x. [L. myrobolanum; Gr. implies something awfully obscure ; as,
L’ Estrange. MupoGaravos ; mupoy, unguent, and Gararos, the ways of God are often mysterious.
MUZ'ZLE-RING, x. The metalline ring! a nut.] MYSTE’RIOUSLY, adv. Obscurely ; enig-
or circle that surrounds the mouth of a A dried fruit of the plum kind brought matically.
cannon or other piece. Encye. from the East Indies, of which there are 2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and
MY, pronom. adj. [contracted from migen, several kinds, all slightly purgative and unintelligible.
mine. Me was originally mig, and the ad- astringent, but not now used in medicine. MYSTE’RIOUSNESS, 2. Obscurity ; the
fective migen. Soin L. meus. See Mine.] Parr. Encye. quality of being hid from the understand-
 NAC NAI NA K
ing, and calculated to excite curiosity or 5. A kind of ancient dramatic representa- wholly disinterested, and maintain that
wonder. tion. Bp. Percy. they hold immediate intercourse with the
6. A trade; a calling; any mechanical oc- divine Spirit.
2. Artful perplexity. cupation which supposes skill or knowl- MYS’TIES, x. A religious sect who profess
MYS’TERY, n. [L. mysterium, Gr. pusnpvor, edge peculiar to those who carry it on, to have direct intercourse with the Spirit
asecret. This word in Greek is render- and therefore a secret to others. of God.
ed also murium latibulum ; but probably (The word in the latter sense has been MYTH ‘Ié, a. [from Gr. wrv9os, a fable.] Fab-
both senses are from that of hiding or shut- supposed to have a different origin from
ting ; Gr. uve, to shut, to conceal.) ulous. Shuckford.
the foregoing, viz. Fr. metier, Norm. mes-
i . A profound secret ; something wholly un- tier, business, trade, occupation, as if from MYTHOLOGICAL, a. [See Mythology.}
known or something kept cautiously con- Norm. mestie, master. But this is proba- Relating to mythology ; fabulous.
cealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or bly incorrect.] MYTHOLOG ‘ICALLY, adv. In a way suit-
wonder; such as the mystery of the man MYS’‘TIE, [L. mysticus ; Gr. wusexos. | ed to the system of fables.
with the iron mask in France. MYS’TI€CAL, :@ Obscure ; hid; secret. MYTHOL’OGIST, n. One versed in my-
In religion, any thing in the character or Dryden. thology ;one who writes on mythology,
attributes of God, or in the economy of di- 2. Sacredly obscure or secret ;remote from or explains the fables of the ancient pa-
vine providence, which is not revealed to human comprehension.
gans. Norris.
man. President Moore. God hath revealed a way mystical and super- MYTHOL’/OGIZE, v. 7. To relate or explain
3. That which is beyond human compre- natural. Hooker. the fabulous history of the heathen.
hension until explained. In this sense, 3. Involving some secret meaning ; allegor- MYTHOLOGY, n. [Gr. wv90s, a fable, and
mystery often conveys the idea of some- ical; emblematical ;as mystic dance ;mys- noyos, discourse. |
thing awfully sublime or important ; some- tic Babylon. Milton. Burnet. A system of fables or fabulous opinions and
thing that excites wonder. MYS/TICALLY, adv. Ina manner or by an doctrines respecting the deities which hea-
Great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Tim. iii. act implying a secret meaning. Donne. then nations have supposed to preside
Having made known to us the mystery of MYS'TICALNESS, n. The quality of be- over the world or to influence the affairs
his will. Eph. i. ing mystical, or of involving some secret of it.
We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. meaning. MYT'ILITE, n. [Gr. wvraos, a kind of
1 Cor. ii. MYS’TICISM, n. Obscurity of doctrine. shell.]
. An enigma ; any thing artfully made dif- 2. The doctrine of the Mystics, who profess In geology, a petrified muscle or shell of the
ficult. a pure, sublime and perfect devotion, genus Mytilus. Kirwan.

N.
Ss ose spikes ;and a long thin kind with a flat-
N is the fourteenth letter of the English|| NA/DIR, n. [Ar. 328, from yb3 nata- tish head, is called a brad.
Alphabet, and an articulation formed by 4. Astud or boss ; a short nail with a large
placing the end of the tongue against the ra, to be like, proportional, corresponding broad head. Swifi.
root of the upper teeth. It isan imperfect to, opposite. ] 5. A measure of length, being two inches
mute or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter; That point of the heavens or lower hemi- and a quarter, or the 16th ofa yard.
the articulation being accompanied with sphere directly opposite to the zenith; the On the nail, in hand; immediately ; with-
a sound through the nose. It has one point directly under the place where we out delay or time of credit ; as, to pay mon-
sound only, and after m is silent or nearly stand. ey on the nail. Swift.
so, as in hymn and condemn. NA‘DLE-STEIN, n. [G. nadel and stein.] To hit the nail on the head, to hit or touch the
N, among the ancients, was a numeral let- Needle-stone ; rutile. Ure. exact point.
ter signifying 900, and with a stroke over
NAEVE, n. [L. nevus.] A spot. Dryden. NAIL, v. t. To fasten with nails; to unite,
it, N, 9000. Among the lawyers, N. L. NAFE, A kind oftufted sea-fowl. close or make compact with nails.
stood for non liquet, the case is not clear. NAFF, Todd. 2. To stud with nails.
[In commerce, No. is an abbreviation of the NAG, n. A smallhorse ; a horse in general, The rivets of your arms were nail’d with gold.
French nombre, and stands for number. or rather a sprightly horse. JL’Estrange. Dryden.
N. S. stands for New Style. 2. A paramour ; in contempt. Shak. 3. To stop the vent of acannon; to spike.
NAB, n. The summit of a mountain or rock. NAID, [Gr. vaades, naiads, from va, NA‘ILED, pp. Fastened with nails; stud-
{ Local. ] Grose.
NA/IAD, §” to flow.] ded.
NAB, v. t. [Sw. nappa; Dan. napper ; G. D. In mythology, a water nymph ; a deity that NAILER, x. One whose occupation is to
knappen. See Knap.] presides over rivers and springs. make nails.
To catch suddenly ; to seize by a sudden NAIL, n. [Sax. negel ; Sw. G. D. nagel ; Dan. NA/ILERY, n. A manufactory where nails
grasp or thrust; a word little used and onlynagle; Russ. nagot ; Sans. naga or nak-
in low language. are made.
ha. If the word was originally applied to
NA/BOB, n. A deputy or prince in India, aclaw or talon, the primary sense may be NA‘ILING, ppr. Fastening with nails ; stud-
subordinate to the Subahs; hence, to catch, or it may be a shoot.] ding.
2. A man of great wealth. 1. The claw or talon of a fowl or other NA/IVELY, adv. [Fr. naif, from L. nativus.]
NACKER. [See Naker.] animal. With native or unaffected simplicity.
NA‘/CREOUS, a. [See WVaker.] Having a 2. The horny substance growing at the end NA/IVETE, ‘i Native simplicity ; unaf-
pearly luster. Phillips. of the human fingers and toes. NA‘IVTY, * fected plainness or ingen-
NA/ERITE, n. [See Maker.] A rare mine-||: w . Asmall pointed piece of metal, usually uiousness. Gray.
ral, called also talckite, consisting of scaly with a head, to be driven into a board or NA‘KED, a. [Sax. nacod ; G. nacket, nackt;
parts; glimmering, pearly, friable, with a other piece of timber, and serving to fas- D. naakt; Sw. naken; Dan. négen; Russ.
greasy feel ; the color, a greenish white. ten it to other timber. The larger kinds) nagei, nagost and nagola, nakedness ; Ir.
Jameson. Ure. of instruments of this sort are called’ nochta, open, discovered ; nochduighe, na-
 NAM NAM NA SE
ked ; nochduighim, to strip. Class Ng. 2. The letters or characters written or en- 2. He or that whose name is not known or
No. 5. 10. 47. and 15.16.) ~ graved, expressing the sounds by which mentioned. Atterbury.
1. Not covered; bare; having no. clothes a person or thing is known and distin- NA‘’MELY, adv. To mention by name ; par-
on; as a naked body or a naked limb. guished. ticularly.
2. Unarmed; defenseless ; open ; exposed ; 3. A person. For the excellency of the soul, namely, its
They list with women each degenerate name. power of divining in dreams ; that several such
having no means of defense or protection divinations have been made, none can question.
Dryden.
against an enemy’s attack, or against oth- Addison.
4, Reputation ; character; that which is
er injury. cemmonly said of a person; as a good NA’MER, n. One that names or calls by
Behold my bosom naked to your swords. name.
Addison. name; a bad name. Clarendon.
3. Open to view; not concealed ;manifest. 5. Renown; fame; honor; celebrity ; emi- NA’MESAKE, n. One that has the same
nence ; praise ; distinction. name as another. Addison.
Heb. iv.
4. Destitute of worldly goods. Job i. What men of name resort to him ? Shak. NA‘MING, ppr. Calling ;nominating ; men-
Ex. But in this sense, the word is often qual- tioning.
5. Exposed to shame and disgrace.
ified by an epithet; as a great name; a NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used
XXXil. as an interrogative. [This word has
6. Guilty and exposed to divine wrath. mighty name.
6. Remembrance ; memory. been extensively used within my memory
Rev. iii. The Lord shall blot out his name from under by the common people of New England.]
7. Plain; evident; undisguised ; as the na-
heaven. Deut. xxix. NANKEDPN, n. [Nankin, a Chinese word.]
ked truth. 7. Appearance only; sound only ; not reali- A species of cotton cloth of a firm tex-
8. Mere; bare; simple ; wanting the neces- ty; asa friend in name. Rev. iii. ture, from China, now imitated by the
sary additions. God requires of man 8. Authority; behalf; part; as in the name manufacturers in Great Britain.
something besides the naked beliefof his
of the people. When a man speaks or NAP, n. (Sax. hnappian. Qu. its connection
being and his word. acts in the name of another, he does it by
9. Not inclosed in a pod or case ; as naked with hnepan, to lean, that is, to nod.]
their authority or in their behalf, as their A short sleep or slumber. Sidney.
seeds ofa plant. representative. NAP, v. 7. To have a short sleep; to be
10. Without leaves, fuleres or arms; as a
Martyn.) 9, Assumed character of another. drowsy.
naked stem or trunk, ~ —Had forged a treason in my patron’s name. 2. To be in a careless, secure state.
11. Not assisted by glasses; as the naked|| | Dryden. Wickliffe.
eye. 10. In Scripture, the name of God signifies NAP,. n. [Sax. hnoppa, nap; It. nappa, a
NA'KEDLY, adv. Without. covering. his titles, his attributes, his will or pur- Ss o3
2. Simply ; barely ;merely ; in the abstract. pose, his honor and glory, his word, his tassel; Ar. Glics Kinabon. Class Nb.
Holder. | grace, his wisdom, power and goodness,
3. Evidently. his worship or service, or God himself. No. 20.] c
NA/KEDNESS, 2. Want of covering or) 11. Issue ; posterity that preserves the name. 1. The woolly or villous substance on the
clothing ; nudity; bareness. Deut. xxv. surface of cloth.
Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the naked- (12. In grammar, a noun. 2. The downy or soft hairy substance on
ness of his father. Gen. ix. ‘To call names, to apply opprobrious names; plants. Martyn.
2. Want of means of defense. |
to call by reproachtul appellations. 3. Aknop. [See Knop.]
Ye are spies; to see the nakedness. of the | Swift.
land are ye come. Gen. xlii. ‘To take the name of God in vain, to swear NAPE, n. [Sax. enep,a knob; Are Upey
3. Plainness ; openness to view. Shak.\) | falsely or profanely, or to use the name of kanaba, to be hard or callous, whence a
To uncover nakedness, in Scripture, is to have | God with levity or contempt. Ex. xx. callus. Class Nb. No. 20.]
incestuous or unlawful commerce with a ‘To know by name, to honor by a particular The prominent joint of the neck behind.
female. | friendship or familiarity. Ex. xxxiii. Bacon.
NA/KER, vz. A violent flatulence passing Christian name, the name a person receives NA’PERY, n. (Fr. nappe ; It. nappa, nap-
from one limb to another with pain. by baptism, as distinguished from surname. parie.|
Parr. NAME, v. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan, Goth. Linen for the table; table cloths or linen
NA/KER, n. [Sp. nacar; It. nacchera; Fr.|) namnyan, to call, to name, to invoke ; cloth in general. Obs. Shelton.
nacre. | D. noemen; G.nennen; Sw.ndamna; Dan. NAPH'EW, x. [L. napus, a turnep; Sax.
Mother of pearl; the white substance which}, nevner. | t cnep, a knob.} A plant.
constitutes the interior surface of a shell \l. To set or give to any person or thing a| NAPH’THA, nv. [L. Gr. Ch. Syr. Ar. from
producing a pearl. | sound or combination of sounds by which) eo

NALL, n. [Dan. naal, a needle.] An awl, it may be known and distinguished ; to a5 nafata, to push out, as pustules, to
such as collar-makers or shoe-makers use. call; to give an appellation to. throw out, to boil, to be angry. In Amhar-
{.Vot used or local.| Johnson. She named the child Ichabod. 1 Sam. iv. ic, neft or nepht, from this sense, signifies
NAME, n. (Sax. nama ; D. naam; G. name ;}) Thus was the building left a gun or musket.]
Ridiculous, and the work confusion named.
Milton. An inflammable mineral substance of the bit-
Sw. namn ; Dan. navn ; Ice. nafn; L.
nomen; Gr. ovona; It. Port. nome; Sp.}, 2. To mention by name; to utter or pro- uminous kind, ofa light brown or yellow-
nombre ; Fr.nom ; Pers. nam, namah ; Sans.
nounce the sound or sounds by which a ish color, sharp taste, and incapable of de-
and Hindoo, nama, nom ; Malay and Ben-|)
person or thing is known and distinguish- composition. By long keeping it hardens
galee, namma ; Ostiak, nemen. Qu. Heb. into a substance resembling vegetable re-
ed.
DN).] Neither use thyself to the naming of the sin, and becomes black. It is as inflam-
1, That by which a thing is called ; the Holy One. Ecelus.| mable as ether. It is said to issue from
sound or combination of sounds used to 3. To nominate ; to designate for any pur-| the earth at Baku, in Persia, and to be re-
express an idea, or any material substance, pose by name. ceived into cisterns. Encyc. Kirwan.
quality or act; an appellation attached to Thou shalt anoint to me him whom I name to Naphtha consists of carbon and hydro-
a thing by customary use, by which it thee. 1 Sam. xvi. gen. Thomson.
may be vocally distinguished trom other 4. To entitle. Milton. NAPH’THALINE, nxn. A peculiar crystal-
things. A name may be attached to an To name the name of Christ, to make profess- izable substance, deposited from naphtha
individual only,. and is then proper or ap- | ion offaith in him, 2 Tim. iv. distilled from coal tar, consisting of hy-
propriate, as John, Thomas, London, Paris ;) NA'MED, pp. Called; denominated ;desig- drogen and carbon. Webster’s Manual.
or it may be attached to a species, genus|| nated by name. NAPKIN, n. [Fr. nape, cloth ; of which nap-
or class of things, as sheep, goat, horse, tree, INA/MELESS, a. Without a name ; not dis- kin is a diminutive. ]
animal, which are called common names, tinguished by an appellation; as a name- 1. A cloth used for wiping the hands; a
specific or generic. | less star. Waller.' towel.
 NAR NAS
NAR
In horsemanship, a horse is said to narrow,
2, A handkerchief. Obs. Shak.\3. In oratory, that part of a discourse which)|2. when he does not take ground enough, or
reeites the time, Manner or consequences
NAP’LESS, a. Without nap; threadbare. of an action, or simply states the facts bear out enough to the one hand or the
Shak. other. Far. Dict.
Pinkerton. connected with the subject.
NAP’PAL, n. Soap rock. NAR/RATIVE, a. [Fr. narratif.] Relating 3. To contract the size of a stocking by tak-
NAP’PINESS, x. The quality of being the particulars of an event or transaction ; ing two stitches into one.
sleepy or inclined to take naps. giving a particular or continued account. dat pp. Contracted; made less
2. The quality of having a nap; abundance 2, Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell wide.
of nap; as on cloth. particulars of events ; story-telling. NAR’/ROWING, ppr. Contracting ;making
NAPPY, a. [from nap.] Frothy; spumy ; less broad.
Gay. But wise through time and narrative with
as nappy beer. age. Pope. AR/ROWINGS, n. The part of a stocking
NAP’ TAKING, a. Taking naps. which is narrowed.
as NARRATIVE, n. The recital of a story, or NAR/ROWLY, adv. With little breadth.
NAP’TAKING, n. A taking by surprise, a continued account of the particulars o
when one is not on his guard; unexpected an event or transaction ; story. 2. Contractedly ;without much extent.
onset when one is unprepared. Carew. Cynthio was much taken with my narrative. 3. Closely; accurately ;with minute scruti-
In
NARCIS/SUS, 2. [L.; Gr. vapxcooos.] of Tatler. ny; as, to look or watch narrowly; te
botany, the daffodil, a genus of plants NAR/RATIVELY, adv. By way of narra- search narrowly.
several species. They are of the bulbous- tion, story or recital. Ayliffe. 4. Nearly; within a little; by a small dis-
rooted tribe, perennial in root, but with NARRA’TOR, x. One that narrates; one tance; as, he narrowly escaped.
annual leaves and flower stalks. Encyc. that relates a series of events or transac- Dd. Spare
NARCOT TE, i [Gr. vapxwzixos, from tions. Watts. NAR/ROWNESS, n. Smallness of breadth
tor-
NARGOT'IECAL, § “" vapxow, to render NAR’/RATORY, a. Giving an account 0 or distance from side to side; as the nar-
pid.] events. Howell. rowness of cloth, of a street or highway, of
on, or insensibil ity nearu,
Causing stupor, stupefacti NAR’ROW, a. [Sax. neara, nearo, a stream or sea. :
to pain; soporific ; inducing sleep. nearew. suspect this word and near to 2. Smallness of extent; contractedness ; as
Quincy. Encye. be contracted by the loss of g, W. mg, the narrowness of capacity or comprehen-
NARCOT' IE, x. A medicine which stupe- narrow, strait ;nigiaw, to narrow ; for the sion; narrowness of knowledge or attain-
to
fies the senses and renders insensible D. has naauw, narrow, close, G. genau, ments.
pain; hence, a medicine which induces with a prefix. In this case, the word be- 3. Smallness of estate or means of living;
sleep ;a soporific ;an opiate. longs to the root of nigh; D. naaken, to poverty ;as the narrowness of fortune or
Quincy. Encyc. approach. | of circumstances. South.
NARCOT'ICALLY, adv. By producing tor- 1. Of little breadth ; not wide or broad ;hav- 4, Contractedness ; penuriousness ; covet-
or or drowsiness. Whitlock. ing little distance from side to side; asa ousness ; as narrowness of heart.
NARCOT’IENESS, 2. The quality of in- narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow 5. liberality; want of generous, enlarged
ducing sleep or removing pain. sea; a narrow hem or border. It is only or charitable views or sentiments ; as nar-
NARCOTI E, 2. The pure narcotic prin- or chiefly applied to the surface of flat or rowness of mind or views.
ciple of opium. Journ. of Scvence. level bodies. N'ARWAL, 2, [G. narwall.| The Mono-
0,805 ;
N‘ARD, n. [L. nardus, nardum ; Gr. 2, Of little extent ;very limited ; as a nar- N‘ARWHAL, § ‘don monoceros, a ceta-
from the Arabic, Phenician, Syriac or row space or compass. ceous animal found in the northern seas,
Persian, probably the latter. It is a na- 3. Covetous ; not liberal or bountiful; as a which grows to twenty feet in length.
tive of India, where it is called jatamansy narrow heart. The spiracle of this animal is on the an-
and sumbul. Sir Wm. Jones.) 4. Contracted ; of confined views or senti- terior part of the skull. When young it
_ A plant usually called spikenard, spica ments; very limited. has two teeth or horns, but when old it
nardi; highly valued by the ancients, both The greatest understanding is narrow. has but one, which projects from the up-
of luxury and of medicine. Grew. per jaw and is spiral. From this circum-
as an article
It is an odorous or aromatic plant. In this sense and the former, it is often stance of its having one horn only, it has
9, An unguent prepared from the plant. prefixed to mind or soul, &c. ; as narrow- obtained the name of the sea unrcorn, or
N‘ARDINE, a. Pertaining to nard; having minded; narrow-souled; narrow-hearted. unicorn fish. Pennant. Encyc.
the qualities of spikenard. Asiat. Res. 5. Near; within a small distance. NAS, for ne has, has not. Obs. Spenser.
Dryden. NA/SAL, a. s asz. [L. nasus, nose ; It. na-
NARE, n. [L. naris.] The nostril. [/Vot g ; as
used. | Hudibras: 6. Close; near; accurate; scrutinizin sale.]
NAR/RABLE, a. [L. narrabilis. See Nar- a narrow search ; narrow inspection. Pertaining to the nose; formed or affected
rate. 7. Near; barely sufficient to avoid evil; as by the nose; as a nasal sound; a nasal
That may be related, told or narrated. [Not a narrow escape. letter.
used. NAR’ROW, A strait ; a narrow pass- NA/’SAL, n. s as z. A letter whose sound is
narrare ; NAR’ROWS, :te age through a mountain,
NAR’RATE, »v. t. [L. narro ; It. affected by the nose.
Sp. narrar ; Fr. narrer. Class Nr. No. 2. or a narrow channel of water between 2. A medicine that operates through the
5. 6. one sea or lake and another; a sound. It nose ; an errbine. Barton,
as a story; to is usually in the plural, but sometimes in
pad 2) Va rehearse or recite, NAS’€AL, n. A kind of medicated pessary.
relate the particulars of any event or trans- the singular. Washington. Mitford. Ferrand.
action, or any series of incidents. NAR/ROW, vy. t. To lessen the breadth of; A pessary made of wool or cotton, to
or
ww To write, as the particulars of a story a sen-
to contract. raise the nose when compressed.
A government, by alienating the affections NAS‘CENT, a. [L. nascens, masco, to be
Parr.
history. We never say, to narrate
we nar- of the people, may be said to narrow its bot-
tence, a sermon or an oration, but Temple. born.|
rate a story, or the particular events which tom.
narrow one’s
Beginning to exist or to grow; coming into
fallen under our observation, or 2. To contract in extent; as, to being. Black.
have
which we have heard related. influence ; to narrow the faculties or ca- NA‘/SEBERRY, x. The naseberry tree is a
NAR/RATED, pp. Related; told. pacity. species of the genus Sloanea.
re- 3. To draw into a smaller compass ; to con-
NAR/RATING, ppr. Relating; telling; Fam. of Plants.
tract; to limit; to confine; as, to narrow NAS/ICORNOUS, a. [L. nasus, nose, and
citing.
; to narrow a ques-
NARRA’TION, n. (L. narratio.] The act of| our views or knowledge cornu, horn.|
telling or relating the particulars of an tion in discussion. Having a horn growing on the nose.
event; rehearsal; recital. 4. In knitting, to contract the size ofa stock- Brown.
in ing by taking two stitches into one.
2, Relation; story ; history; the relation less broad; to IN‘ASTILY, adv. [from nasty.] In a nasty
words or writing, of the particulars of any NAR/ROW, v. i. To become that place, the manner; filthily; dirtily.
transaction or event, or of any series ofcontract in breadth. At
sea narrows into a strait. '2, Obscenely.
transactions or events.
 NAT NA T NAT
N‘ASTINESS, xn. Extreme filthiness; dirt- 3. Attached or unduly attached to one’s own 3. Not forced; not far fetched; such as is
iness; filth. country. ‘The writer manifested much dictated by nature. The gestures of the
2. Obscenity ; ribaldry. _ South. national prejudice. He was too national orator are natural.
NASTUR’TION, n. [L. nasturtium ; quod to be impartial. 4. According to the life ; as a natural repre-
nasum torqueat. Varro.] : NATIONAL‘ITY, n. National character ; sentation of the face.
A plant of the genus 'Trope@olum; Indian also, the quality of being national, or 5. Consonant to nature.
cresses. strongly attached to one’s own nation. Fire and warmth go together, and so seem to
N‘ASTY, a. [origin unknown. Qu. G. nass, Boswell. carry with them as natural an evidence as self-
wet. NA/TIONALIZE, v. t. To make national; evident truths themselves. Locke.
1. Disvaaepalt filthy ;very dirty, foul or de- to give to one the character and habits of 6. Derived from nature, as opposed to habit-
filed ;nauseous. Atterbury. a nation, or the peculiar attachments ual. The love of pleasure is natural; the
2, Obscene. q which belong to citizens of the same na- love of study is usually habitual or ac-
NA/SUS, n. A fresh water fish, about nine tion. quired.
inches in length, resembling the chub. It NA’TIONALLY, adv. In regard to the na- 7. Discoverable by reason ; not revealed ; as
is found in the Danube, Rhine and other tion; as a whole nation. natural religion.
large rivers of Germany. The Jews—being nationally espoused to God 8. Produced or coming in the ordinary
Dict. Nat. Hist. by covenant. South. course of things, or the progress of ani-
NA/TAL, a. [L. natalis, from nascor, to be NA'TIVE, a. [L. nativus, from nascor, na- mals and vegetables; as a natural death ;
born.| tus, to be born.] opposed to violent or premature.
Pertaining to birth. The natal day is the 1. Produced by nature; original; born with 9. Tender ; affectionate by nature. — Shak.
day of birth or nativity. So we say, natal the being; natural; not acquired ; as na- 10. Unaffected; unassumed; according to
hour; natal place. Camden. Prior. tive genius ; native affections ; a native tal- truth and reality.
NATALI’ TIAL, ,q, UL. natalitius, from ent or disposition ; native cheerfulness ;na- What can be more natural than the cireum-
NATALI’TIOUS, § * nascor, to be born.] tive simplicity. stances of the behavior of those women who
Pertaining to one’s birth or birth day, or con- 2. Produced by nature; not factitious or ar- had lost their husbands on this fatal day ?
secrated to one’s nativity. Evelyn. tificial; as native ore ; native color. Addison.
NA’TANT, a. [L. natans, from nato, to 3. Conferred by birth; as native rights and 11. Illegitimate ; born out of wedlock ; as a
privileges. natural son.
swim. ]
In botany, swimming ; floating on the surface '4, Pertaining to the place of birth; as na- 12. Native; vernacular; as one’s natural
of water ; as the leaf of an aquatic plant. tive soil; native country ; native graves. language. Swift.
Lee. Martyn.|| Shak. 13. Derived from the study of the works of
NATA’TION, x. [L. natatio, from nato, to 5. Original; that of which any thing is nature; as natural knowledge. Addison.
swim.] made ; as man’s native dust. Milton. 14. A natural note, in music, is that which
A swimming; the act of floating on the wa- 6. Born with; congenial. Shak. is according to the usual order ofthe scale ;
ter. [Zitile used.] Brown. \NA/TIVE, x. One born in any place is said opposed to flat and sharp notes, which
to be a native of that place, whether coun- are called artificial.
NA‘TATORY, a. Enabling to swim. Natural history, in its most extensive sense,
Brit. Crit. try, city or town.
NATCH, n. [for notch.] The part of an ox \2. Offspring. [Not in use.] Shak. is the description of whatever is created,
between the loins, near the rump. or of the whole universe, including the
INA/TIVELY, adv. By birth; naturally ; heavens and the earth, and all the produc-
Marshal. originally. Taylor. Lightfoot.
NATH’LESS, adv. [Sax. natheles ; na, the| NA’TIVENESS, n. State of being produced tions of the earth. But more generally,
and less, not the less.]
natural history is limited to a description
by nature. Johnson. of the earth and its productions, including
Nevertheless ; not the less; notwithstanding.
Obs. Milton.|
NATIVITY, x. Birth; the coming into life zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, me-
or the world. The feast of Christmas is teorology, &c.
NATH’MORE, adv. [na, the and more.) observed in memory of Christ’s nativity. Natural philosophy, the science of material
Not the more; never the more. Obs. 2. Time, place and manner of birth; as, to natural bodies, of their properties, powers
Spenser. | calculate one’s nativity. and motions. It is distinguished from in-
NA/TION, n. [L. natio, from natus, born 3)3. State or place of being produced. tellectual and moral philosophy, which
nascor, to be born; perhaps Heb. y)3.] These, in their dark nativity, the deep respect the mind or understanding of man
1. A body of people inbabiting the same Shall yield us pregnant with infernal flame. and the qualities of actions. Natural phi-
country, or united under the same sove- Milton. losophy comprehends mechanics, hydro-
reign or government; as the English na- NAT’KA,n. A bird, a species ofshrike. statics, optics, astronomy, chimistry, mag-
tion; the French nation. It often hap- Pennant. netism, electricity, galvanism, &c.
pens that many nations are subject to one NA’TROLITE, n. A variety of mesotype or NAT’URAL, n. An idiot; one born with-
government ; in which case, the word na- zeolite, so called by Klaproth on account out the usual powers of reason or under-
tion usually denotes a body of people of the great quantity of soda it contains. standing. This is probably elliptical for
speaking the same language, or a body Dict. Nat. Hist. natural fool.
that has formerly been under a distinct NA’TRON, n. Native carbonate of soda, or 2. A native; an original inhabitant. [Vot
government, but has been conquered, or) mineral alkali. [See Viter.] in use.] Raleigh.
incorporated with a larger nation. Thus INAT/URAL, a. [Fr. naturel; L. naturalis, 3. Gift of nature; natural quality. [Mot in
the empire of Russia comprehends many from natura, nature, from nascor, to be use. | B. Jonson. Wotton.
nations, as did formerly the Roman and born or produced. | NAT’URALISM, n. Mere state of nature.
Persian empires. Nation, as its etymol- uf Pertaining to nature ; produced or effect- Lavington.
ogy imports, originally denoted a family ed by nature, or by the laws of growth, NAT’URALIST, 2. One that studies natu-
or race of men descended from a common formation or motion impressed on bodies ral history and philosophy or physies ; one
progenitor, like tribe, but by emigration, or beings by divine power. Thus we that is versed in natural history or philos-
conquest and intermixture of men of dif- speak of the natural growth of animals or ophy. It ismore generally applied to one
ferent families, this distinction is in most plants ; the natural motion of a gravitating that is versed in natural history.
countries lost. body ; natural strength or disposition ; the NATURALIZA/TION, n. [See Naturalize.]
2. A great number, by way of emphasis. natural heat of the body; natural color; The act of investing an alien with the
Young. natural beauty. In this sense, natural is| rights and privileges ofa native subject or
NA/TIONAL, a. Pertaining to a nation; opposed to artificial or acquired. citizen. Naturalization in Great Britain
as national customs, dress or language. 2. According to the stated course of things. is only by act of parliament. In the United
2. Public; general; common to a nation; Poverty and shame are the natural conse- States, it is by act of Congress, vesting
as a national calamity. quences of certain vices. certain tribuyals with the power.
Vol. II. 21
lad
 NAT N A U NAV
NAT’URALIZE, »v. t. [from natural, nature. | cle or an angle. When we speak of the Itisnaught, it is naught, says the buyer.
1. To confer on an alien the rights and priv- nature of man, we understand the peculiar Prov. xx.
ileges of a native subject or citizen ; to constitution of his body or mind, or the NAUGHTILY, adv. naut/ily. Wickedly;
adopt foreigners into a nation or state, and qualities of the species which distinguish corruptly.
place them in the condition of natural him from other animals. When we speak NAUGHTINESS, n. naut'iness. Badness;
born subjects. of the nature of a man, or an individual of; wickedness; evil principle or purpose.
2. To make natural; to render easy and fa- the race, we mean his particular qualities or I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thy
miliar by custom and habit; as, custom constitution ; either the peculiar tempera- heart. 1 Sam. xvii.
naturalizes labor or study. South. ment of his body, or the affections of his 2. Slight wickedness of children; perverse-
3. To adapt; to make suitable; to accli- mind, his natural appetites, passions, dis- ness; mischievousness.
mate; as, to naturalize one to a climate. position or temper. So of irrational ani- Dryden. Shak. Sidney.
4. 'To receive or adopt as native, natural or mals. NAUGHTY, a. naut'y. Wicked; corrupt.
vernacular; to make our own; as, to nat- 4. The established or regular course of} A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh
with a froward mouth. Prov. 6.
uralize foreign words. things; as when we say, an event is not
2. Bad; worthless.
5. To accustom; to habituate; as. to natu- according to nature, or it is out of the or- The other basket had very naughty figs.
ralize the vine to a cold climate. _ Gibbon. der of nature. Boyle. Jer. xxiv.
NAT’URALIZED, pp. Invested with the 5. A law or principle of action or motion in 3. Mischievous; perverse; froward; as a
privileges of natives; rendered easy and a natural body. A stone by nature falls, naughty child. It is now seldom used ex-
familiar ;adapted to a climate; acclimat- or inclines to fall. Boyle. Bell in the latter sense, as applied to chil-
' ed; received as native. 6. Constitution ; aggregate powers of a body, ren.
NAT’URALIZING, ppr. Vesting with the especially a living one. We say. nature NAUL’‘AGE, n. [L. naulum.] The freight
rights of native subjects; making easy; is strong or weak; nature is almost ex- of passengers in a ship. [Little used.]
acclimating ; adopting. hausted. Boyle. NAU/MAE€HY, n. [L. naumachia; Gr. vav-
NAT’URALLY, adv. According to nature; 7. The constitution and appearances of) Max; vavs, a ship, and payy, fight.]
by the force or impulse of nature; not by things. 1. Among the ancient Romans, a show or
art or habit. We are naturally prone to The works, whether of poets, painters, mor- spectacle representing a sea-fight.
evil. alists or historians, which are built upon general
2. According to nature; without affecta- nature, live forever. Reynolds. 2. The place where these shows were exhib-
ited. Encye.
tion ; with just representation ; according 8. Natural affection or reverence. NAU‘SEA, n. [L. from Gr. raver, from
Have we not seen
to life. The murdering son ascend his parent’s bed, vavs, a ship.]
3. According to the usual course of things ; Through violated nature force his way ? Originally and properly, sea-sickness; hence,
as, the effect or consequence naturally fol- Pope. any similar sickness of the stomach, ac-
lows. 9, System of created things. companied with a propensity to vomit;
4, Spontaneously ; without art or cultiva- He binding nature fast in fate, qualm; lothing; squeamishness of the
tion. Every plant must have grown nat- Left conscience free and will. Pope. stomach,
urally in some place or other. 10. Sort; species; kind ; particular charac- NAU'SEATE, v. 7. [L. nauseo.] To become
NAT’URALNESS, n. The state of being ter. squeamish ; to feel disgust; to be inclined
given or produced by nature ; as the nat- A dispute of this nature caused mischief to to reject from the stomach.
uralness of desire. South. a king and an archbishop. Dryden. NAU’/SEATE, v. t. To lothe; to reject
2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and re- 11. Sentiments or images conformed to na- with disgust.
ality ;not affectation ; as the naturalness ture, or to truth and reality. The patient nauseates and lothes whole-
of the eyebrows. Dryden. Only nature can please those tastes which some foods. Blackmore.
NAT’URALS, n. plu. Among physicians, are unprejudiced and refined. Addison. Old age, with silent pace, comes creeping on,
whatever belongs naturally to an animal ; 12. Birth. No man is noble by nature. Nauseates the praise which in her youth she
opposed to non-naturals. [It may perhaps NA’TURE, v. t. To endow with natural won. Dryden.
be sometimes used in the Seta | qualities. [JVot in use.] Gower. 2. To affect with disgust. Swift.
NA/’TURE, n. [Fr. id.; L. Sp. It. natura; NA’/TURIST, n. One who ascribes eve- INAU‘/SEOUS, a. Lothesome; disgustful;
from natus, born, produced, from nascor.] ry thing to nature. Boyle. disgusting ; regarded with abhorrence ; as
1. In a@ general sense, whatever is made or NATU’RITY, xn. The quality or state of be- a nauseous drug or medicine.
produced; a word that comprehends all ing produced by nature. [4 very bad word NAU’SEOUSLY, adv. Lothesomely; dis-
the works of God; the universe. Of a and not used.} Brown. gustfully.
phenix we say, there is no such thing in NAU'FRAGE, n. [L. naufragium; navis, a NAU’/SEOUSNESS, xn. Lothesomeness;
nature. ship, and frango, to break. See Wreck, quality of exciting disgust; as the nau-
And look through nature up tonature’s God. which is from the same root, break, L. seousness of a drug or medicine.
Pope. fractus.| Shipwreck. [.Vot in use.] The nauseousness of such company disgusts
2. By a metonymy of the effect for the Brown. a reasonable man. Dryden.
cause, nature is used for the agent, crea- INAU/FRAGOUS, a. Causing shipwreck. INAU’TIE€, [L. nauticus, from nauta,
tor, author, producer of things, or for the [Little used.} Taylor. INAU/TI€AL, f@ a seaman, from navis, &
powers that produce them. By the ex- NAUGHT, n. aaut. [Sax. naht, nauht; ship. See Vavy.]
pression, “trees and fossils are produced compounded of ne and aught or wiht, a Pertaining to seamen or navigation; as nau-
by nature,’ we mean, they are formed or creature, wight; Goth. niwaiht. Waiht co- tical skill; a nautical almanack.
produced by certain inherent powers in incides with wight, L. quid, quod. See NAU’TILITE, x. [from L. nautilus, a shell-
matter, or we mean that they are pro- Aught.| Nothing. fish.] A fossil nautilus. Kirwan. Dict.
duced by God, the Creator, the Author of| Doth Job serve God for naught? Job i. NAU/TILUS, n. [L.; Gr. vavriaos, from vavs,
whatever is made or produced. The opin- Thou sellest thy people for naught. Ps. xliv. a ship.]
ion that things are produced by inherent To set at naught, to slight, disregard or des- A genus of marine animals, whose shell
powers of matter, independent of a su- vise. consists of one spiral valve divided into
preme intelligent author, is atheism. But Ye have set at naught all my counsel. several apartments by partitions. There
generally men mean by nature, thus used, Prov. i. are many species. This animal, when it
the Author of created things, or the opera- NAUGHT, adv. naut. In no degree. sails, extends two ofits arms, and between
tion of his power. To wealth or sovereign power he naught ap- these supports a membrane that serves as
J. The essence, essential qualities or attri- plied. Fairfax. | a sail. With two other arms it rows or
butes of a thing, which constitute it what NAUGHT, a. naut. Bad; worthless; of no | steers. Encyc.
it is; as the nature of the soul; the nature value or account. Learn of the little nautilus to sail. Pope.
of blood; the nature ofa fluid; the nature Things naught and things indifferent. NA’/VAL, a. [L. navalis, from navis, Gr.
of plants, or of a metal; the nature of a cir- Hooker.) vavs, a ship.]
 NAV NEA NEA
i, Consisting of ships; as a naval force or' the course of ships by the laws of geome-||NEAP, 2. [This word may belong to the
armament. try, or by astronomical principles and ob- root of neb, nib; Ice. nif, nose; Eth
2. Pertaining to ships; as naval stores. servations. Encyc. anaf.|
NA’VALS, zn. Naval affairs. [Wot used.] 3. Ships in general. The tongue or pole of a cart, sled or wag-
Clarendon. Aerial navigation, the sailing or floating in on. NV. England.
NA‘VAREH, n. [Gr. vavapyos.] In ancient the air by means ofballoons. NEAP, a. [Sax. hnipan, to incline, to fall.]
Greece, the commander of a fleet. Inland navigation, the passing of boats or Low. The neap tides are those which
Mitford. small vessels on rivers, lakes or canals, in happen in the middle of the second and
NAV’AREHY, x. [from L. navarchus, an the interior of a country; conveyance by fourth quarters of the moon. They are
admiral.] Knowledge of managing ships. boats or vessels in the interior of a coun- low tides, and opposed to spring tides.
Petty. try. NEAP, n. Low water. [Litile used.]
NAVE, n. [Sax. nafa, nafu ; Dan. nav ; G.| NAVIGATOR, n. One that navigates or NE/APED, Left aground. A ship
nabe ;Sw. naf. sails ; chiefly, one who directs the course BENE/APED, §“ is said to be neaped,
1. The thick piece of timber in the center of aship,orone who is skillful in the art of] when left aground, particularly on the
ofa wheel, in which the spokes are insert- navigation. We say, a bold navigator, an highth of a spring tide, so that she will not
ed; called also the hob. experienced navigator, an able navigator. float till the return of the next spring tide.
2. The middle or body of a church extend- NA‘VY, n. [L. navis; Gr. vavs, from vew, to Mar. Dict.
ing from the balluster or rail of the door, to swim, L. no, nato; Sans. naw; Armenian, NEAPOLITAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in
the chief choir. Encye. naw; Pers. nadodan. The elements of the Italy.
NAVEL, n. na'vl. [Sax. nafela, from nafa, verb are probably Vd, coinciding with NEAPOLITAN, n. An inhabitant or na-
nave; D. navel; G. nabel; Sw. nafle; Eng. nod, L. nuto. To swim then is to tive of the kingdom of Naples.
Dan. navle; Zend, nafo; Pehlavi, naf; move up and down. Class Nd. No. 3. 9.] NE/AP-TIDE, n. Low tide. [See Veap.]
rary. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of mer- NEAR, a. [Sax. ner or neara, nigher. This
Sans. nabha; Pers. G3 naf.] chantmen, or so many as sail in company. seems to be a contracted word, from
The navy of Hiram brought gold from Ophir. nigher, the comparative of neh, nth or
The center of the lower part of the abdo- 1 Kings x. nieh, D. naauw, G. nahe, Sw. nar, Dan.
men, or the point where the umbilical): The whole of the ships of war belonging ner; W. nig, strait, narrow ; nigiaw, to
cord passes out of the fetus. The um- to a nation or king. The navy of Great narrow. |
bilical cord is a collection ofvessels by Britain is the defense of the kingdom and . Nigh ; not far distant in place, time or de-
which the fetus of an animal communi-
|
its commerce. This is the usual accept- gree. Regularly, near should be followed
cates with the parent by means of the pla- ation of the word. by to, but this is often omitted. We say,
centa, to which it is attached. Encye. NAWL, n. Anawl. [ot in use.] a house stands near a river; a friend sits
NA’VEL-GALL, n. A bruise on the top of) NAY, adv. [a contracted word; L. rego; near me; the man fell and was near de-
the chine of the back of a horse, behind Sw. ney or nej, from neka, to deny; W. struction.
the saddle. Johnson. nac, from naca, to deny.] And Jacob went near to Isaac his father.
NA’VEL-STRING, n. The umbilical cord. 1. No; a word that expresses negation. Gen. xxvii.
[See Vavel.} I tell you nay, but except ye repent, ye shall Now is our salvation nearer than when we
NA‘VEL-WORT, n. A plant of the genus all likewise perish. Luke xiii. believed. Rom, xiii.
Cotyledon. It has the appearance of) 2. It expresses also refusal. Closely related by blood.
houseleek. Miller. He that will not when he may, She is thy father’s near kinswoman. Lev. xviii.
NAV’/EW, xn. [L. napus; Sax. nepe.] A When he would he shall have nay. Not distant in affection, support or as-
plant of the genus Brassica. It has a spin-| Proverb. sistance ; present; ready; willing to aid.
dle-shaped root, less than the turnep. {In these senses it is now rarely used ; Call upon the Lord, while heis near. Is. ly.
: Encyc. Miller. || no being substituted. ] 4. Intimate ; united in close ties of affection
NAVI€'ULAR, a. [L. navicula, alittle ship.] 3. Not only so; not this alone; intimating or confidence ; as a near friend.
1. Relating to small ships or boats. Bryant.|| that something is to be added by way of| 5. Dear ; affecting one’s interest or feelings ;
2. Shaped like a boat; cymbiform. “The amplification. He requested an answer; as a near concern.
navicular bone is the scaphoid bone of the nay, he urged it. My nearest life. Shak.
wrist. Coxe. Quincy.) NAY, 2x. Denial; refusal. 6. Close ; parsimonious.
NAV/IGABLE, a. [L. navigabilis, from|| INAY, v. t. To refuse. [.Vot in use.| 7. Close ; not loose, free or rambling; as a
navigo, to sail, from navis, a ship.] INA‘YWARD, n. Tendency to denial. [.Vot version near the original.
That may be navigated or passed in ships or) used. ] Shak.| 8. Next to one; opposed to off; as the near
vessels ; as a navigable river. \NA/YWORD, n. A by-word ; a proverbial) horse or ox ina team.
NAVIGABLENESS, n. The quality or reproach ; a watech-word. Obs. Ibm.) NEAR, adv. Almost; within a little. It is
state of being navigable. INAZARE’NE, n. An inhabitant of Naza-| near twelve o’clock. The payment of
NAV‘IGATE, v. 7. [L. navigo, from navis, reth; one of the early converts to Chris-, such a sum would go near to ruin him.
a ship; Ir. snamhaim.] tianity ; in contempt. Acts xxiv. Addison.
To pass on water in ships; to sail. NAZ’ARITE, n. A Jew who professed ex- NEAR, v. t. To approach; to come nearer;
The Pheenicians navigated to the extremities traordinary purity oflife and devotion. as, the ship neared the land; a seaman’s
of the Western ocean. Arbuthnot. Encyce. phrase.
NAV'IGATE, v. t. To pass over in ships;
to sail on; as, to navigate the Atlantic. NAZ’/ARITISM, n. The doctrines or prac- NE/AREST, a. [superl. of near.] Short-
tice of the Nazarites. Burder. est; most direct; as the nearest way to
2. To steer, direct or manage in sailing ; as, London. So we use nearer for shorter.
to navigate a ship. NE, [Sax.] not, is obsolete. We find it in
[This use of these words is not correct, but
NAVIGATED, pp. Steered or managed in! early English writers, prefixed to other very common. ]}
words; as nill, for ne will, will not; nas,
passing on the water; passed over in NE‘ARLY, adv. At no great distance; not
sailing. for ne has, has not; nis, for ne ts, is not.
Spenser. remotely.
NAVIGATING, ppr. Passing on or over in . Closely ;as two persons nearly related or
sailing ; steering and managing in sailing. NEAF, n. [Ice. nefi; Scot. nieve.] The fist. allied.
NAVIGA'TION, n. [L. navigatio.] The Obs. Shak.
3. Intimately ;pressingly ;with a close re-
act of navigating; the act of passing on NEAL, v. t. [Sax. anelan, to kindle.] To! lation to one’s interest or happiness. It
water in ships or other vessels. temper and reduce to a due consistence nearly concerns us to preserve peace with
2. The art of conducting ships or vessels by heat. But neal is now rarely used. our neighbor.
from one place to another. This art com- | [See Anneal.] 4. Almost; within alittle. The fact is near-
prehends not only the management of the |NEAL, v. i. 'To be tempered by heat. [Lit- ly demonstrated.
sails, but the directing and measuring of] tle used.| [See Anneal.! Bacon. 5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner.
 NEB NEC NEC
NEVARNESS, n. Closeness; small dis- NEB‘ULA, [L. nebula; Gr. vepos, vepe- NECESSITA’TION, n. The act of making
tance. The nearness of a place to a mar- NEB'ULE, ue an; G. nebel; D.nevel ; Ir. necessary ;compulsion. [Little used.
ket enhances the value of lands. neall, neul, by contraction ; It. nebbia ; Sp. Bramhail.
2. Close alliance by blood ; propinquity ; as niebla, fog, mist. Probably the primary NECES‘SITIED, a. In a state of want.
the nearness of brothers and sisters, pa- sense is thick or mixed.]} Not in use. Shak.
rents and children. = . A dark spot, a film in the eye, or a slight
NECES’SITOUS, a. Very needy or indi-
3. Close union by affection; intimacy of| opacity of the cornea. Cyc. gent; pressed with poverty.
2. In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not There are multitudes of necessitous heirs and
friendship. penurious parents. Arbuthnot.
4, Parsimony ; closeness in expenses. distinguishable from each other or scarce-
ly visible to the naked eye, and exhibiting 2. Narrow; destitute; pinching ;as necessi-
Bacon. tous circumstances.
NEAT, n. (Sax. neat, neten, niten, nyten; a dim hazy light, appearing like dusky NECES’SITOUSNESS, n. Extreme pov-
Sw. nit; Dan. néd. In Sax. geneat is a specks or clouds through the telescope.
Ce erty or destitution of the means of liy-
herdsman. In Spanish, ganado is cattle, NEBULOS‘ITY, x. [from nebulous.] The ing ; pressing want. Burnet.
and vermin; doubtless the same word NECES’‘SITUDE, nxn. Necessitousness;
with a prefix. In W. cnud is a group. state of being cloudy or hazy.
Med. Repos. want. [JVot used.] Hale.
Neat coincides with the root of need in
elements, and if connected with it, the
NEBULOUS, a. [L. nebulosus.] Cloudy ; NECES'SITY, n. [L. necessitas.] That
which must be and cannot be otherwise,
sense is 4 herd or collection, frem crowd- hazy. [See Webule.}
2. Resembling a small cloud or collection of| or the cause of that which cannot be oth-
ing, pressing ; but this is doubtful.] erwise. It is of necessity that a thing can-
vapors.
_ . Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen not be and not be at the same time. It is
and cows. In America, this word is used
NECESSA/RIAN, n. [See ecessary.] An
advocate for the doctrine of philosophical of necessity that two contradictory propo-
in composition, as in neat’s tongue, neat’s
necessity ; more properly necessitarian. sitions cannot both be true.
foot oil, and tautologically in neat cattle. Priestley. Irresistible power; compulsive force,
2. A single cow. Tusser. NEC’ESSARIES, n. plu. [from necessary.] physical or moral. If man’s actions are
NEAT, a. [It. netto; Sp. neto; Fr. net; Things necessary for some purpose ; as determined by causes beyond his control,
Arm. neat or neet; L. nitidus, niteo, to the necessaries of life. Locke. he acts from necessity, and is not a free
shine, to be clean, fair or fine; W. nith, NEC’ESSARILY, adv. By necessity; in agent. Necessity compelled the general to
pure ; nithiaw, to purify, to winnow.] such amanner that it cannot be otherwise. act on the defensive.
. Very clean; free from foul or extraneous Truth is necessarily opposite to falsehood. 3. Indispensableness; the state of being re-
matter; as neat clothes. The vessels are A square is necessarily different from a quisite. The necessity of funds to support
kept neat; the woman keeps her house public credit, no man questions. The ne-
circle. cessity of economy in domestic concerns is
very neat. 2. Indispensably. Most men are necessarily
. Pure; free from impure words and occupied in procuring their subsistence. admitted. No man can plead necessity in
phrases; as a neat style. 3. By unavoidable consequence. Certain excuse for crimes.
. Cleanly; preserving neatness; as a neat inferences necessarily result from particu- . Extreme indigence; pinching poverty;
woman. pressing need.
lar premises. The cause of all the distractions in his court
. Pure; unadulterated; as neat wine. Obs. NEC’ESSARINESS, x. The state of being
Chapman. or army proceeded from the extreme poverty
necessary. and necessity his majesty wasin. Clarendon.
. Free from tawdry appendages and well NEC’ESSARY, a. [L. necessarius.] That
5. Unavoidableness ; inevitableness; as the
adjusted ; as a neat dress. must be; that cannot be otherwise ; indis- necessity of a consequence from certain
rar) Clear of the cask, case, bag, box, &c.; as pensably requisite. It is necessary that premises.
neat weight. It is usually written net or every effect should have a cause. In the plural, things requisite for a pur-
nett. 2. Indispensable ; requisite ;essential; that
NE/ATHERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.] A per- pose.
cannot be otherwise without preventing These should be hours for necessities,
son who has the care of cattle; a cow- the purpose intended. Air is necessary to Not for delights. Shak.
keeper. Dryden. support animal life; food is necessary to NECK, n. [Sax. hnece, hnecca, necca; G.
NE‘/ATLY, adv. With neatness; in a neat nourish the body ; holiness is a necessary) nick, genick, the nape of the neck; D. nek;
manner; in a cleanly manner; as a gar- qualification for happiness; health is ne- Sw. nacke; Dan. nakke; It. Port. Sp.
ment neatly washed. cessary to the enjoyment of pleasure ; sub- nuca. ‘This word is properly the nape
wo .With good taste; without tawdry orna- jection to law is necessary to the safety of) or vertebre of the neck behind, and is so
ments; as a lady neatly dressed. persons and property. rendered in other languages, L. nuz,
3. Nicely; handsomely; as a vessel neatly 3. Unavoidable; as a necessary inference that is, a knob or mass; W. envwec.]
gilt. or consequence from facts or arguments. 1B The part of an animal’s body which is
NE/ATNESS, n. Exact cleanliness; entire 4. Acting from neeessity or compulsion ; op- between the head and the trunk, and
freedom from foul matter; as the neatness posed to free. Whether man is a neces- connects them. In man and many other
of a floor or of a garment. sary or a free agent is a question much animals, this part is more slender than the
2. Purity ;freedom from ill chosen words; discussed. trunk; hence,
as the neatness of style. NEC’ESSARY, n. A privy. A long narrow tract of land projecting
3. Freedom from useless or tawdry orna- NECESSITA/RIAN, One who main- from the main body, or a narrow tract
ments; with good adjustment of the seve- NECESSA/RIAN, gn. tains the doctrine connecting two larger tracts; as the neck
ral parts; as the neatness ofa dress. of philosophical necessity in regard to the of land between Boston and Roxbury.
NE/ATRESS, n. [from neat, cattle.] A fe- origin and existence of things. Beattie. 3. The long slender part of a vessel, as a
male who takes care of cattle. [JVot used NECES'SITATE, v. t. [from L. necessitas. | retort; or of a plant, as a gourd; or of
in the United States.] Warner. To make necessary or indispensable ; to any instrument, as a guitar.
render unavoidable ; to compel. A stiff neck, in Scripture, denotes obstinacy
NEB, n. [Sax. neb or nebbe; Ice. nebbe or
nef; Dan. neb, neb, and with a prefix, The marquis of Neweastle, being pressed on, in sin.
both sides, was necessitated to draw all his army On the neck, immediately after; following
snabel; Sw. néf; D. neb, sneb; G. schna-
into York. Clarendon. closely.
bel. In the different dialects, it signifies
Sickness might necessitate his removal from First by committing one sin on the neck of
a bill, beak, the nose, or the face, from ex- court. South. another. Perkins.
tending or shooting. See Class Nb. No.
2. 3. 6 8. 10. 13. 15. 21. 24. Itis also NECES/SITATED, pp. Made necessary, [This phrase is not much used. We more
written nib.] indispensable or unavoidable. frequently say, on the heels.]
‘The nose ; the beak of a fowl; the bill; the NECES’/SITATING, ppr. Making necessa- To break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to
mouth. ry or indispensable. do the principal thing to prevent.
 NEC NEE NEG
To harden the neck, to grow obstinate ; to be NE€’/TARINE, a. Sweet as nectar. . Any erystalized substance in the form of
more and more perverse and rebellious. Milton. a needle.
Neh. ix. NE€'TARINE, n. A fruit, a variety of the Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips
NECK’BEEFP, n. The coarse flesh of the peach with a smooth rind. or inclines downwards.
neck of cattle, sold at a low price. NE€’TARIZE, v. t. To sweeten. NEE/DLE, v. t. To form crystals in the
As cheap as neckheef. Cockeram. shape ofa needle.
NECK’€LOTH, n. A piece of cloth worn NE€’TAROUS, a. Sweet as nectar. NEE’DLE, v. 7. To shoot in crystalization
on the neck. ; ! Milton. into the form of needles ;as needled prisms.
NECK’ED, a. Having a neck; as in_ stiff- NE€/TARY, n. [from nectar.] In botany, the Fourcroy.
necked. melliferous part of a vegetable, peculiar NEE’DLE-FISH, x. A fish of the genus
NECK’ERCHIEF,? ,, A A. gorget;
‘ a ker- to the flower. It usually makes a part 0 Syngnathus. The middle of the body is
NECK‘ATEE, * chief tor a wo- the corol, but is sometimes distinet from it. hexangular. Also, the sea-urchin.
man’s neck. [Vol in much use.] Bailey. Sometimes it is in the form of a horn or NEE/DLEFUL, n. As much thread as is
NECK’LACE, n. A string of beads or pre- spur: sometimes in that ofa cup; whence put at once in a needle.
cious stones, worn by women on the neck. it is called the honey cup. Martyn. NEE/DLE-MAKER, :a One who manu-
Arbuthnot. NED/DER, n. [W. nadyr ; Sax. nedder.] NEE’DLER, * factures needles.
NECK/LACED, a. Marked as with a neck- An adder. Obs. NEE/DLE-ORE, x». Acicular bismuth
lace. Sur W. Jones. NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd; D. nood; lance. Ure.
NECK/LAND, n. A neck or long tract ofj NEE’/DLE-SHELL, n. The sea-urchin.
land. Hakewill. G. noth; Sw. nid; Dan. néd; Eth. 42°P Dict. Nat. Hist.
NECK’VERSE, x. The verse formerly nadei, to be in want. The primary sense NEE/DLE-STONE, xn. A mineral of the
read to entitle a party to the benefit of is to press. Class Nd. No.7. 24.] zeolite family. Cleaveland.
clergy, said to be the first verse of the 1. Want: occasion for something ; necessi- NEE/DLEWORK, n. Work executed with
fifty first Psalm, “ Miserere mei, &c.” ty; a state that requires supply or relief. a needle ; or the business of a seamstress.
Tindall. It sometimes expresses urgent want ; It is used particularly for embroidery.
NECK’WEED, n. Hemp; in ridicule. pressing exigency. NEEDLE-ZE/OLITE, n. A species of zeo-
NE€ROLOG‘ICAL, a. Pertaining to or What further need have we of witnesses? lite of a grayish white color. Ure.
iving an account of the dead or of deaths. Matt. xxvi. NEE’DLESS, a. Not wanted; unnecessa-
NECR L/OGIST, n. One who gives an For ye have need of patience— Heb. x.
ry ; not requisite ;as needless labor ; need-
account of deaths. 2. Want of the means of subsistence ; pov- less expenses.
NECROL/OGY, n. (Gr. vexpos, dead, and erty ; indigence. 2. Not wanting. Obs. Shak.
royos, discourse. ] I know how to abound and to suffer need. NEE’DLESSLY, adv. Without necessity.
An account of the dead or of deaths ; a reg- Phil. iv.
ister of deaths. NEED, v.t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan, to NEE’/DLESSNESS, vn. Unnecessariness.
compel; Dan. néder.} Locke.
NE€/ROMANCER, n. [See Vecromancy.] NEE’DMENT, n. Something needed or
One who pretends to foretell future events To want; to lack ; to require, as supply or wanted. [.Vot used.] Shak.
by holding converse with departed spirits; relief.
a conjurer, Suvt. They that be whole need not a physician, but NEEDS, adv. [from need ; Sax. nedes.] Ne-
they that are sick. Matt. ix. cessarily ; indispensably ; generally used
NE€/ROMANCY, n. [Gr. vexpos, dead, and with must.
wave, divination. ] NEED, v. 7%. To be wanted ; to be neces-|!
A trial at law must needs be innocent in it-
1. The art of revealing future events by sary. self. Kettlewell.
means of a pretended communication with When we have done it, we have done all that}
the dead. This imposture is prohibited. isin our power, and all that needs. [JVot used.]| NEE/DY, a. Necessitous; indigent ; very
Locke. poor ; distressed by want of the means of
Deut. xviii. living.
2. Enchantment ; conjuration. Abbot. Need is often used as an auxiliary, or at
least without the personal termination. To relieve the needy and comfort the afflict-
NECROMAN’TIE, a. Pertaining to necro- And the Jender need not fear he shall be in-|| ed, are duties that fall in our way every day.
nancy ; performed by necromancy. jured. Anacharsis, Trans. Addison.
NESCROMAN'TIE, n. Trick ; epniucasion, NEE/DED, pp. Wanted. Spare the blushes of needy merit. Dwight.
oung. NEE/DER, x. One that wants. INEVER, a coutraction of never.
NE€ROMAN’TICALLY, adv. By necro- NEESE, v. 7. neez. [(G. neesen; D. nie-
mancy or the black art; by conjuration. NEE/DFUL, a. Necessary, as supply or re- |
Gregory. lief ; requisite. | zen; Sw. niusa ; Dan. nyser; Ar. Pm)
All things needful for defense abound.
NE€‘RONITE, x. [Gr. vexpos, dead.] Fetid| Dryden.
|
nashaa ; hence sneeze. Class Ns. No. 30.]
feldspar, a mineral which when struck or| NEE/DFULLY, adv. Necessarily. To sneeze. Obs. [See Sneeze, which is
pounded, exhales a fetid odor like that of B. Jonson. formed on this word.]
putrid flesh. Hayden.) NEE’DILY, adv. [from needy.] In want or INEE/SEWORT, x. A plant.
NE€’TAR, n. [L. from the Greek.] Sherwood.
poverty. NEE'SING, n. A sneezing. Obs.
1. Infabulous history and poetry, the drink of) NEE’DINESS, n. [from needy.] Want ;
the gods ; hence, \NEF, n. The nave ofa church. |Not used.
poverty ; indigence. Bacon. See JVave.]
2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink.
NE€TA‘REAN, ‘ Resembling nectar ; NEE’DING, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as NEFAND/OUS, a. [L. nefandus, not to be
NE€TA’/REOUS, § " very sweet and pleas- supply or relief. spoken.]
ant. NEE’DLE, x. [Sax. nedl, nedl ; G. nadel ; Not to be named ; abominable. Sheldon.
The juice nectareous and the balmy dew. Goth. nethal ; Arm. nadoz ; Ir. snathad ;} NEFA'RIOUS, a. [L. nefarius, from nefas,
4 Pope. W. nydwyz, from nd, something sharp or unlawful, or ne and for, fart, to utter.}
NE€’TARED, a. Imbued with nectar ; pointed. It may be allied to nettle.] Wicked in the extreme; abominable ; atro-
mingled with nectar ; abounding with 1. A small instrument ofsteel pointed at one ciously sinful or villainous; detestably
nectar. Milton. end, with an eye at the other to receive a vile.
NECTA/‘RIAL, a. Pertaining to the nectary thread ; used in sewing and embroidery. NEFA/RIOUSLY, adv. With extreme
ofa plant. Needles are also used by surgeons in sew- | wickedness ; abominably. Milton.
Stamens inserted into the margin of aglandu- ing up wounds. NEGA’TION, -n. [L. negatio, from nego,
lous nectarial ring. As. Res. “ Asmall pointed piece of steel used in the} to deny, Sw. neka, Dan. negter, W. naca,
NECTARIF’EROUS, a. [nectar and L. mariner’s compass, which by its magnetic nacdu, nagu, Fr. nier, from L. nego. The
Jfero,to bear.] quality is attracted and directed to the sense is to thrust, to stop or repel; for in
Producing nectar or nomus; asa nectarif- pole, and thus enables navigators to steer Italian, negare is to deny, and anneg-are is
erous glandule. Lee. their ships the course intended. to deny, and to drown, to stifle in water;
 NEG NEG NEG
Sp. negar, to deny; anegar, to drown or L. negligo to be composed of the same NEG’/LIGENTLY, adv. Carelessly ;heed-
inundate, Fr. noyer.] prefix, neg for nach, and linquo, lictum, as ilessly ; without exactness ;as a person
i. Denial; a declaration that something is n is not radicalin the latter. But of this I neghgently dressed ; a piece negligently
not; opposed to affirmation; as, the soul is am not confident. ] written ; a farm negligently cultivated.
not matter. 1. To omit by carelessness or design; to for- 2. With slight, disregard or inattention.
2. In logic, description by denial, exclusion bear to do, use, employ, promote or attend NEGOTIABIL'ITY, n. The quality of be-
or exception. to; as, to neglect duty or business ; to neg- ing negotiable or transferable by indors-
Negation is the absence of that which does) lect to pay honest debts; to neglect our in- ment. Sewall. Walsh.
not belong to the thing we are speaking of. terest or policy; to neglect the means in NEGO’TIABLE, a. [from negotiate.| That
Watts. our power. may be transferred by assignment or in-
3. Argument drawn from denial. 2. To omit to receive or embrace; to slight. dorsment; that may be passed from the
It may be proved by way of negation, that} How shall we escape, if we neglect so great owner to another person so as to vest the
they came not from Europe, as having no re- salvation? Heb. ii. property in the assignee ; as a negotiable
mainder of the arts, learning and civilities of it. 3. To slight; not to notice ; to forbear to note or bill of exchange. Walsh.
Heylin. treat with attention or respect. Among NEGO’TIANT, x. One who negotiates; a
NEG/ATIVE, a. (Fr. negatif; L. negativus.] people of good breeding, strangers seldom negotiator. Not used.) Raleigh.
1. Implying denial or negation; opposed to complain of being neglected. NEGO'TIATE, v. 7. [L.negotior ; It. nego-
affirmative, as a negative proposition is) 4. To postpone. [.Vot in use.} Shak. ziare ;Sp. negociar ; Fr. negocier ; from
that which denies. Matter is not spirit. NEGLE€T’, n. Omission ; forbearance to L. negotium, business, employment ; W.
2, Implying absence ; opposed to positive. do any thing that can be done or that re- neges, an errand, business; negeseua, to
There is a negative way of denying Christ, quires to be done. Neglect may be from go on errands, to negotiate.]
when we do not acknowledge and confess him. carelessness or intention. The neglect of] . To transact business; to treat with an-
South.
business is the cause of many failures, but other respecting purchase and sale; to
3. Having the power of stopping or restrain-| neglect of economy is more frequent and hold intercourse in bargaining or trade,
ing. A negative voice in legislation is a either in person or by a broker or substi-
voice or vote to prevent the passing of a 2, more injurious.
Slight; omission of attention or civilities. tute; as, to negotiate with a man for the
law or decree. Neglect of due notice and attention to purchase of goods or a farm.
Negative sign, in algebra, the sign of sub- strangers is characteristic ofill breeding. 9~ To hold intercourse with another respect-
traction, a sign which indicates that the
quantity to which it is prefixed is to be 3. Negligence; habitual want of regard.
ing a treaty, league or convention ; to
Age breeds neglect in all. Denham. treat with respecting peace or commerce.
subtracted. It is opposed to positive or 4, State of being disregarded. It is a crime for an embassador to betray his
affirmative; as ab—n. Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect. prince for whom he should negotiate.
Negative electricity, according to Dr. Frank- Prior. Decay of Piety.
lin, is a deficiency of the fluid in a sub- NEGLE€T’ED, pp. Omitted to be done ; NEGOTIATE, v. t. nego/shate. To procure
stance, or less than the substance nat- slighted ; disregarded. by mutual intercourse and agreement with
urally contains. | NEGLE€T’ER, n. One that neglects. another ; as, to negotiate a loan of money.
NEG/ATIVE, n. A proposition by which) NEGLE€T’FUL, a. Heedless ; careless ; Ship brokers and interpreters negotiate af-
something is denied; as, matter has not inattentive. Locke. freightments. Walsh.
the power of moving itself. 2. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or 2. To procure, make or establish by mutual
2, A word that denies ; as not, no. ought to be done. intercourse and agreement with others.
3. In legislation, the right or power of pre- 3. Treating with neglect or slight. Mr. Jay negotiated a treaty with the Brit-
venting the enaction of a law or decree. 4. Indicating neglect, slight or indifference ; ish ministry in 1794.
The governor has not a negative on the as a neglectful countenance. Locke. 3. To sell; to pass ; to transfer for a valua-
proceedings of the legislature, but each NEGLE€T’FULLY, adv. With neglect ; ble consideration ; as, to negotiate a bill of
branch has a negative on the other. with heedless inattention ; with careless exchange.
Negative pregnant, a negation of one thing, The notes were not negotiated to them in the
indifference. usual course of business or trade. Kent.
implying the affirmation of another. NEGLE€T’'ING, ppr. Omitting ; passing NEGO'TIATED, pp. Procured or obtained
NEG/ATIVE, v. t. To disprove ; to prove) by; forbearing to do; slighting ; treating
the contrary. by agreement with another ; sold or trans-
with indifference. ferred for a valuable consideration.
The omission or infrequency of such recitals
does not negative the existence of miracles.
NEGLE€T/INGLY, adv. Carelessly ; heed-
Paley. lessly. Shak. NEGO'TIATING, ppr. Treating with ;
transacting business.
2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or NEGLE€’TION, n. The state of being
NEGOTIA/TION, n. The act of negotiat-
sanction. The senate negatived the bill. negligent. [ot used.] Shak.
NEGLE€T‘IVE, a. Inattentive ; regardless ing; the transacting of business in traf-
3. To resist a choice or what is proposed. fick; the treating with another respecting
NEG/ATIVELY, adv. With or by denial; of. Pra used. K. Charles.
sale or purchase.
as, he answered negatively. Boyle. NEGLIGEE’, n. A kind of gown formerly 2. 'The transaction of business between na-
2. In the form of speech implying the ab- worn. Goldsmith.
NEG’LIGENCE, a. [L. negligentia.} Neg- tions ;the mutual intercourse of govern-
sence of something ; opposed to positively. ments by their agents, in making treaties
1 shall show what this image of God in man lect; omission to do ; more generally,
and the like ; as the negotiations at Ghent.
is, negatively, by showing wherein it does not 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to NEGO’TIATOR, n. One that negotiates ;
consist, and positively, by showing wherein it be done, or a habit of omitting to do
it does consist. South. things, either from carelessness or design. one that treats with others either as prin-
Negligence is usually the child of sloth or cipal or agent, in respect to purchase and
3. Negatively charged or electrified. {See
sale, or public compacts. Swift.
Positively. laziness, and the parent of disorders in
NEG/ATORY, a. That denies ; belonging business, often of poverty. NE/GRESS, n. [See egro.] A female of
to negation. [Little used.| NEG’‘LIGENT, a. Careless; heedless ; apt the black race of Africa.
NE/GER, n.. [L. niger.] A black person; or accustomed to omit what ought to be NE/GRO, n. [It. Sp. negro, black, from L.
one of the African race. [See WVegro.] done ; inattentive to business or necessary niger. It is remarkable that our common
NEGLECT’, v. t. [L. neglectus, from negh- concerns. It is applied to a particular in- people retain the exact Latin pronuncia-
go. In G. the corresponding word is stance of neglect, or it denotes habitually tion of this word, neger.|
nachlassen, D. nalaaten, compounds of| careless or inattentive. 2 Chron. xxix. 2 A native or descendant of the black race
nach, na, after, and lassen, laaten, to let, to Pet. i. of men in Africa. The word is never
leave, to suffer to pass, Eng. let, Fr. lais- He that thinks he can afford to be negligent, applied to the tawny or olive colored in-
ser. The sense of the latter words then is is not far from being poor. Rambler. habitants of the northern coast of Africa,
to leave behind, or permit to remain ; 2, Regardless. but to the more southern race of men wha
Dan, nachlessig, negligent. I suspect the Be thou negligent of fame. Swift are quite black.
 NEI NEN NEP
NE/GUS, n. A liquor made of wine, water, in L. neuter, ne and uter.] Not either; NEN’UPHAR, n. The water lily or water
sugar, nutmeg and Jemon juice ; so called, not the one nor the other, rose, a species of Nymphza.
it is said, from its first maker, Col. Wegus. It refers to individual things or persons ; NEOD’/AMODE, n. [Gr. veodauwdys; veos,
NEIF, n. [Ice. nefi.] The neaf or fist. |/Vot as, Which road shall I take? Veither, take}! new, and dnuwd75, popular ; dynos, people.]
used. ] Shak. netther road. The upright judge inclines In ancient Greece, a person newly admitted
2. Aslave. [Not used.] to neither party. to citizenship. Mitford.
NEIGH, »v. i. na. [Sax. hnegan; Sw. gnig- It is used as a substitute; as, the up- NEOLOG ‘Te, {from neology.| Per-
ea; Dan. knegger; It. annicchiare. In right judge inclines to neither of the par- NEOLOG‘T€AL, ; en taining to neology;
. cnecu signifies to jar or quarrel ; cnec, ties. employing new words. Chesterfield.
a sharp noise.] . He neither loves NEOL’OGISM, n. A new word or express-
To utter the voice of a horse, expressive 0 Nor either caves for him. Shak. ion.
want or desire ; to whinny. 2. It refers to a sentence; as, “ye shall not NEOLOGIST, n. One who introduces new
NEIGH, n. na. The voice of a horse; a eat of it, neither shail ye touch it.” That) words into a language. Lavoisier has
whinnying. is, ye shall not eat, not either or other shall) been a successful neologist. Med. Repos.
NEIGHBOR, ? |, na'bur. [Sax. iehbur, ye touch it; ye shall not eat, nor shall ye NEOL/OGY, n. [Gr. ve0s, new, and acyos, a
NEHBOOR, nehgebur, a nigh boor, do the other thing here mentioned, that is, | word.]
a boor or countryman living mgh, [see touch it. Gen. iii. ‘The introduction of a new word or of new
Nigh;| G. nachbar; D. nabuur ;Sw. na- “Fight nezther with small nor great, | words into a language. The present no-
bo ; Dan. naboe. See Boor. Vie true or- save only with the king ;” that is, fight menclature of chimistry is a remarkable
thography, as this word is now pronounc- not, either with small or great. 1 Kings | instance of neology.
ed, is nehboor ;Sax. neh, nigh, and boor.] XXil. NEONO/MIAN, n. [Gr. veos, new, and vouos,
i. One who lives near another. In large | JNetther, in the first part of a negative sen- law.]
towns, a neighbor is one who lives within tence, is followed by nor, in the subse-| One who advocates new laws, or desires
afew doors. In the country, a neighbor quent part. It is netther the one nor the God’s law to be altered. Scott.
may live at a greater distance ; aud in other. But or would be most proper, for INE/OPHYTE, n. [Gr. vos, new, and pv7or, a
new settlements, where the people are|| the negative in neither, applies to both plant.]
thinly scattered over the country, a neigh- parts of the sentence. 1. A new convert or proselyte; a name giy-
bor may be distant several miles. Such is}| it is often used in the last member of a en by the early christians to such heathens
the use of the word in the United States. negative sentence instead of nor, as in the as had recently embraced the christian
2, One who lives in familiarity with anoth- passage above cited. “Ye shall not eat faith, and were considered as regenerated
er; a word of civility. Shak. it, nether shall ye touch it.” Here neither|| by baptism. Encyc.
3, An intimate; a confidant. [JVot ra : is improperly used for nor, for not in the 2. A novice; one newly admitted to the or-
ak. first clause refers only to that clause, and der of priest.
4, A fellow being. Acts. vii. the second negative refers only to the 3. A tyro; a beginner in learning.
5. One of the human race ; any one that second clause. “ Ye shall not eat it, nor INEOTER‘TE€, [Gr. vewrepixos, young,
needs our help, or to whom we have an shall ye touch it. NEOTER TEAL, § “ from veos, new ; Low
opportunity of doing good. Luke x. In the sentences above, nether is con- L. neotericus.]
6. A country that is near. sidered to be a conjunction or connecting New; recent in origin; modern. Bacon.
NEIGHBOR, v. ¢. To adjoin; to confine on word, though in fact it is a pronoun or INEOTER’TE, n. One of modern times.
or be near to. representative of a clause of a sentence. Burton.
These grow on the hills that neighbor the 13. Neither primarily refers to two; not either INEP, n. A plant of the genus Nepeta; cat-
shore. Sandys. oftwo. But by usage it is applicable to mint.
2. To acquaint with; to make near to or any number, referring to individuals sepa- NNEPEN’THE, xn. [Gr. vyrev6ns 5vy, not, and
make familiar. [.Vot used.] Shak. rately considered. Five or ten persons|! nev6os, grief.]
To neighbor it, in colloquial language, to being charged with a misdemeanor or ‘A drug or medicine that drives away pain
cultivate friendly intercourse by mutual riot, each may say, neither of us was pres- and grief. [Latile used.] Milton.
Visits. ent. INEPH’ELIN, (Gr. veperan, a cloud.]}
NEIGHBORHOOD, vn. A place near; vi- 14, Neither sometimes closes a sentence in a NEPH’ELINE, ” A mineral found mix-
cinity ; the adjoining district or any place peculiar manner, thus, “men come not to ed with other substances, primitive or vol-
not distant. He lives in my neighborhood. the knowledge of ideas thought to be in- canic, in small masses or veins, grano-
2. State of being near each other; as several) nate, till they come to the use of reason ; lamellar and in hexahedral crystals. It
states in a neighborhood. Swift. nor then neither.” Locke. is white or yellow,
3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity That is, not etther when they come to Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure.
of eachother. The fire alarmed all the the use of reason, or before. NEPH'EW, 2x. [Fr. neveu; L. nepos; It.
neighborhood. Formerly, in English, as in Greek and nepote; D. neef; G. neffe; Sans. naptri;
NEIGHBORING, a. Living or being near ‘|
French, two negatives were used for one W. nai, contracted.]
as the neighboring inhabitants ; neighbor-| negation. But in such phrases as that 1. The son of a brother or sister. Dryden.
ing countries or nations. Paley. above, good speakers now use either; 2. A grandson; also, a descendant. {Not
NEIGHBORLINESS, n. State or quality of] “nor then either.” much used.] Hooker.
being neighborly. Scott. INEM. €ON. for nemine contradicente. NEPH’RITE, n. [Gr. veppezns, from veppos,
NEIGHBORLY, a. Becoming a neighbor ;|) No one contradicting or opposing, that is, the kidneys. ] [L.]
kind ; civil. unanimously ; without opposition. A mineral, a subspecies of jade, of a leek
Judge if this be neighborly dealing. green color, massive and in rolled pieces.
Arbuthnot. NEM'OLITE, n. [Gr. veuos, a wood, and It occurs in granite and gneiss, and is re-
2. Cultivating familiar intercourse ; inter- 280s, astone.] An arborized stone. markable for its hardness and tenacity.
changing frequent visits ; social. Friend, Dict. Nat. Hist.|| It was formerly worn as a remedy for dis-
you are not nebehboriy. |NEM/ORAL, a. [L. nemoralis, from nemus,
eases of the kidneys, but is now cut into
NEIGHBORLY, adv. With social civility; a wood.| handles of sabers and daggers.
as, to live neighborly. |Pertaining to a wood or grove. Dict. Cleaveland. Ure. Cyc.
NEIGHBORSHIP, n. State of being neigh- INEM/OROUS, a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. NEPHRIT'Té, (Gr. vepperixos, from
bors. [.Not in use.] Miss Baillie. Evelyn.
NEPHRITTI€AL, ,“ yegpos, the kidneys.]
NEITHER, n. compound pronoun, pronom- \NEMP’NE, v. t. s [Sax. nemnan, to name or 1. Pertaining to the kidneys or organs of
inal adjective, or a substitute. (Sax. nather, call.] Tocall. Obs. Chaucer. urine ; as a nephritic disease.
nathor, nauther or nouther ;na, not, and INE/NIA, nz. [Gr.] A funeral song; an ele- 2. Affected with the stone or gravel; as a
either or other, not either, or not other. Sol! gy. [Not used.] nephritic patient.
 NER NES NET
3, Relieving or curing the stone or gravel, N ERVE, v. t. To give strength or vigor; to Their purpose was to fortify in some strong
arm with force; as, fear nerved his arm. place of the wild country, and there nestle till
or disorders of the kidneys in general; as succors came. Bacon.
a nephritic medicine. Ames.
2. To move about in one’s seat, like a bird
Nephritic stone, a stone of the silicious kind, NERWV’ED, pp. Armed with strength. when forming her nest; as, a child nes-
called jade. 2. a. In botany, having vessels simple and
unbranched, extending from the base to- eS.
Nephritic wood, a species of compact wood o NESTLE, v. t. nes‘l. To house, as in a nest.
a fine grain, brought from New Spain, wards the tip; as a nerved leaf.
Donne.
which gives a blue color to spirit of wine NERVELESS, a. nerv/less. Destitute o 2. To cherish, as a bird her young.
and to water; which color is changed to strength ;weak. Pope.
NERV'INE, a. [Low L. nervinus.] That has Chapman.
yellow by acids, and again to blue by al- NEST’LING, n. A young bird in the nest,
kalies. Nicholson. Encyc. the quality of relieving in disorders of the
nerves. or just taken from the nest.
NEPHRIT'I€, n. A medicine adapted to 2. Anest. [Vot used.]
relieve or cure the diseases of the kid- NERV/INB, n. A medicine that affords re- NEST’LING, a. Newly hatched; being yet
neys, particularly the gravel or stone in lief from disorders of the nerves.
in the nest. Barrington.
the bladder. Cyc. NERV‘OUS, a. [L. nervosus.] Strong ; vig- NESTO’/RIAN, n. A follower of Nestorius,
NEPH/RITIS, n. In medicine, an inflamma- orous ; as a nervous arm. a heretic of the fifth century, who taught
tion of the kidneys. 2. Pertaining to the nerves; seated in or
affecting the nerves; as a nervous disease that Christ was divided into two persons.
NEPHROT’OMY, n. [Gr. veppos, a kidney, NET, n. [Sax. net, nyt; D. Dan. net;
and ztepre, to cut.] or fever. G. netz; Sw. nat, not; Goth. nati, from
In surgery, the operationof extracting a 3. Having the nerves affected ;hypochon- the root of knit, Sax. cnyttan, whence
stone from the kidney. Cyc. driac ; a colloquial use of the word.
knot, L. nodus.]
NEP/OTISM, n. (Fr. nepotisme, from L. ne- 4. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind ; 1. An instrument for catching fish and
pos, nephew.] characterized by strength in sentiment or
style ;as a nervous historian. Adams. fowls, or wild beasts, formed with twine
1. Fondness for nephews. Addison. or thread interwoven with meshes.
2, Undue attachment to relations; favorit- NERV/OUS, In botany. [See Nerved,
2. A cunning device; a snare. Micah vii.
ism shown to nephews and other relations. NERV’OSE, § " No. 2.] 3. Inextricable difficulty. Job xviii.
NEPTU'NIAN, a. [from Veptunus, the fa- NERVOUSLY, adv. With strength or vig- 4. Severe afflictions. Job xix.
bled deity of the ocean.] or. : Warton.
1. Pertaining to the ocean or sea. NERV/OUSNESS, n. Strength; force; vig- NET,
knot.
v. t. To make a net or net-work; te
Seward.
2, Formed by water or aqueous solution; as or. Warton.
2. The state of being composed of nerves. NET, a. [Fr. net; It. netto. See Neat.]
neptunian rocks. 1. Neat; pure; unadulterated. [Little used. |
NEPTU'NIAN, 2 One who adopts the Goldsmith.
2. Being without flaw or spot. [Little used.}
NEP’TUNIST, * theory that the whole NERV’Y, a. Strong ; vigorous. Shak. 3. Being beyond all charges or outlay; as
earth was once covered with water, or NESCIENCE, n. nesh’ens. [L. nesciens, nes- net profits.
rather that the substances of the globe cio; ne and scio.] 4, Being clear of all tare and tret, or all de-
were formed from aqueous solution; op- Want of knowledge; ignorance. Bp. Hall. ductions; as net weight. It is sometimes
posed to the Plutonic theory. NESH, a. (Sax. nesc.] Soft; tender; nice. written nett, but improperly. Vet is prop-
Pinkerton. Good. Not used.| Chaucer. erly a mercantile appropriation of neat.
NE/REID, n. (Gr. vnpyides, plu. of ynpnts, from NESS, a termination of names, signifies a NET, v.¢. To produce clear profit.
Napevs,, a marine deity; Sans. nara, wa- promontory, from the root of nose, which NETHER, a. [Sax. neother; G. nieder ; D.
ter; Ar. Heb. 77), to flow. See War- see. Dan. neder. This word is of the compar-
rate.| NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. ative degree ; the positive occurs only in
In mythology, a sea nymph. In ancient mon- nesse, nysse,| denotes state or quality, as in composition, as in beneath, Sax. neothan.
uments, the Nereids are represented as goodness, greatness. It is used only in implied comparison, as
riding on sea horses, sometimes with the NEST, n. (Sax. G. D. id.; Sw. naste ; W. in the nether part, the nether millstone;
human form entire, and sometimes with nyth; L. nidus; Fr. nid; It. Sp. nido ; but we never say, one part is nether than
the tail of a fish. They were the daugh- Arm. neiz; Ir. nead; Russ. gnizdo ; Gr. another. It is not much used.}
ters of Nereus, and constantly attended yeoosos, veocoww, veorzia, unless the latter 1. Lower; lying or being beneath or in the
Neptune. Encye. are from veos. In Persic, nisim is a nest, lower part ; opposed to wpper ;as the neth-
NERE’LING, n. A fresh water fish of Ger- nashiman, a mansion, and nishashtan, to er millstone.
many, of the lether-mouthed kind, and ap- sit down, to dwell or remain.] Distorted all my nether shape thus grew
parently a variety of the rudd. 1. The place or bed formed or used by a Transform’d. Milton.
Dict. Nat. Hist. bird for incubation or the mansion of her 2. In a lower place.
NER‘ITE, n. A genus of univalvular shells. young, until they are able to fly. The *Twixt upper, nether and surrounding fires.
NER/ITITE, x. A petrified shell of the ge- word is used also for the bed in which cer- Milton.
nus Nerita. tain insects deposit their eggs. 3. Belonging to the regions below.
NERVE, n. nerv. [L. nervus; Fr. nerf; W. . Any place where irrational animals are Dryden.
nerth, strength ; Gr. vevpov, nerve ;proba- produced. Bentley. NETH’/ERMOST, a. Lowest; as the neth-
bly allied to o»mp, a man, L. vir; Pers. 3. An abode; a place of residence; a recep- ermost hell; the nethermost abyss.
tacle of numbers, or the collection itself; South. Milton.
>» nar, the male of any animal; Sans. usually in an ill sense ; as a nest of rogues. NET’TING, xn. [from net.| A piece of net-
4. A warm close place of abode; generally work.
nar, a man. In Welsh, nér denotes one in contempt. Spenser. 2. A complication of ropes fastened across
that possesses self-energy, and hence an 5. A number of boxes, cases or the like,
each other, to be stretched along the up-
epithet of God.] inserted in each other. per part of a ship’s quarter to contain
1. An organ of sensation and motion in ani- NEST, v. i. To build and occupy a nest.
hammocks. Netting is also employed to
mals. The nerves are prolongations 0
the medullary substance of the brai The king of birds nested with its leaves. hold the fore and main-top-mast_ sails
n,
Howell. when stowed. Netting is also extended
which ramify and extend to every part 0
Encyc. Parr||NEST‘EGG, n. An egg left in the nest to along a ship’s gunwale in engagements,
the body. to prevent the enemy from boarding.
9. A sinew or tendon. Pope.| prevent the hen from forsaking it.
3. Strength; firmness of body; as a man of] Hudibras. Mar. Dict,
nerve. NESTLE, ». 7. nes‘l. To settle; to harbor; NETTLE, x. net/l. [Sax. neil, netele; D.
4. Fortitude ; firmness of mind ; courage. to lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest. netel; G. nessel; Sw. nissla; Gr. xvdz,
5, Strength ; force ; authority; asthe nerves| The king-fisher nestles in hollow banks. from the root of xvGe, xvaw, to scratch.}
of discipline. Gibbon. DL’Estrange. A plant of the genus Urtica, whose prickles
 NEU NEU NEW
fret the skin and occasion very painful NEU’TER, n. A person that takes no part) posite dispositions of parties or other
sensations. in a contest between two or more indi- things, or reduce them to a state of indif-
And near the noisome nettle blooms the rose. viduals or nations ; a person who is either ference or inactivity ; as, to neutralize par-
Rambler, motto. indifferent to the cause, or forbears to in- ties in government ; to neutralize opposi-
NET’TLE, »v. ¢. To fret or sting ; to irritate terfere. tion.
or vex ; to excite sensations of displeasure 2. An animal of neither sex, or incapable o The benefits of universities—neutralized by
or uneasiness, not amounting to wrath or propagation. The working bees are neu- moral evils. Ch. Obs.
violent anger. ters. Ed. Encyc. A cloud of counter citations that neutralize
The princes were nettled at the scandal of||/Veuter verb, in grammar, a verb which ex- each other. E. Everett.
this affront. L’Estrange. presses an action or state limited to the NEU’TRALIZED, pp. Reduced toneutral-
NET’TLED, pp. Fretted; irritated. i subject, and which is not followed by an ity or indifference,
NET’TLER, 7. One that provokes, stings object; as, I go; I sit; I am; Trun; I NEU’TRALIZER, n. That which neutral-
or irritates. Milton. walk. It is better denominated intrans- izes; that which destroys, disguises or
NET’TLE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus itive. renders inert the peculiar properties of a
Celtis, whose leaves are deeply serrated, NEUTRAL, a. [Fr. neutre ; L. neutralis, body. The base of a salt is its neutralizer.
and end in a sharp point. _ Eneye. from neuter.] NEU’TRALIZING, ppr. Destroying or
NET'TLING, ppr. Irritating; vexing. 1. Not engaged on either side; not taking rendering inert the peculiar properties of
NET’-WORK, x. A complication of threads, an active part with either of contending a substance; reducing to indifference or
twine or cords united at certain distances, parties. It is policy for a nation to be inactivity.
forming meshes, interstices or open spaces neutral when other nations are at war. NEU’/TRALLY, adv. Without taking part
between the knots or intersections ; retic- Belligerents often obtain supplies from with either side ; indifferently.
ulated or decussated work. Addison. neutral states. NEV’ER, adv. [Sax. nefre; ne, not, and
NEUROLOGICAL, a. [See Neurology.] 2. Indifferent; having no bias in favor o efre, ever.]
Pertaining to neurology, or to a descrip- either side or party. 1 - Not ever; not at any time; at no time.
tion of the nerves of animals. 3. Indifferent; neither very good nor bad. It refers to the past or the future. This
NEUROL/OGIST, x. One who describes Some things good, and some things ill do man was never at Calcutta; he will never
the nerves of animals. seem, be there.
NEUROLOGY, n. [Gr. vevpor, a nerve, and And neutral some in her fantastic eye. 2. It has a particular use in the following
doyos, discourse. | ‘ Davies. sentences.
A description of the nerves of animal bod- Neutral salt, in chimistry, a salt or body com- “Ask me never so much dower and gift.”
ies, or the doctrine of the nerves. posed of two primitive saline substances’ Gen. xxxiv.
NEU/ROPTER, ; (Gr. vevpor, a nerve, in combination, and possessing the char- “Which will not hearken to the voice of
NEUROP’TERA, §”" and xrepor, a wing.] acter neither of an acid or alkaline salt; charmers, charming never so wisely.” Ps.
The neuropters are an order of insects or a combination of au acid with any sub- Iviii.
~ having four membranous, transparent, stance which destroys its acidity ;any salt “A fear of battery—though never so well
naked wings, reticulated with veins. saturated with an alkali, an earth or a grounded, is no duress.” Blackstone.
NEUROP’TERAL, a. Belonging to the metal. But it is more usual to denominate This is a genuine English use of never,
order of neuropters. neutral, a salt which is united with an al- found in our Saxon authors, and it ought
NEU’ROSPAST, n. [Gr. vevposnasew, to draw kaline substance, and to call the others| to be retained. “ Ask me so much dower
with strings.] earthy or metallic. as never was done ;” that is, dower to any
A puppet; a little figure put in motion. Hooper. Nicholson. Encye. extent. The practice of using ever in such
More. NEUTRAL, n. A person or nation that phrases, is corrupt. It not only destroys
NEUROT'IE,a. [Gr. vevpov, a nerve.] Useful takes no part ina contest between others. the force but the propriety of the phrase.
in disorders of the nerves. The neutral, as far as his commerce extends, Burke. Camden. Washington.
NEUROT‘I€, n. A medicine useful in dis- becomes a party in the war. R. G. Harper. Goldsmith. Hooke.
orders of the nerves. Encyc. NEU’TRALIST, n. A neutral. [Little used.] In no degree ;.not.
NEUROTOM'I€AL, a. [See Neurotomy.] NEUTRALITY, x. The state of being un- Whoever has a friend to guide him, may car-
Pertaining to the anatomy or dissection of engaged in disputes or contests between ry his eyes in another man’s head and yet see
nerves. never the worse. South.
others ; the state of taking no part on ei-
NEUROT’OMIST, x. One who dissects the ther side. States often arm to maintain 4. Itis used for not. He answered him never
nerves. their neutrality. a word; that is, not ever. This use is not
NEUROT’OMY, n. [Gr. vevpor, a nerve, and 2. A state of indifference in feeling or prin- common.
teuva, to cut.| ciple. 5. It is much used in composition ; asin nev-
1. The dissection ofa nerve. Core. 3. Indifference in quality; a state neither er-ending, never-failing, never-dying, never-
2. The art or practice of dissecting the very good nor evil. [Litlle used.] ceasing, never-fading ;but in all such com-
nerves. Donne.| pounds, never retains its true meaning.
NEUTER, a. nu'ter. {L.; compounded of 4. A combination of neutral powers or NEVERTHELESS’, adv. [never, the and
ne and uter, not either. ] states ; as the armed neutrality. less.) Not the less ;notwithstanding ; that
i. Notadhering to either party ; taking no part NEUTRALIZA’TION, n. [from neutralize.] is, in Opposition to any thing, or without
with either side, either when persons I. The act of neutralizing or destroying regarding it. “It rained, nevertheless, we
are contending, or questions are discussed. the peculiar properties of abody by com- proceeded on our journey ;” we did not the
It may be synonymous with indifferent, or bination with another body or substance. less proceed on our journey ; we proceed-
it may not. The United States remained 2. The act of reducing to a state of indif- ed in opposition to the rain, without re-
neuter during the French revolution, but ference or neutrality. garding it, or without being prevented.
very few of the people were indifferent as NEU’TRALIZE, v. ¢. To render neutral ; NEW, a. [Sax. neow; D. nieww; G. neu;
to the success of the parties engaged. A to reduce to a state of indifference be- Sw. Dan. ny; L. novus; It. nuovo; Sp.
man may be neuter from feeling, and he tween different parties or opinions. nuevo; Gr. veos; Fr. neuf; Arm. nevez;
is then indifferent; but he may be neu- 9~ In chimistry, to destroy or render inert or Ir. nua, nuadh ;W. newyz; Russ. novie;
ier in fact, when he is not in feeling or imperceptible the peculiar properties of a Hindoo, nava,now; Sans. nawa; Pers.
principle. A judge should be perfectly body by combining it with a different sub- ue

neuter in feeling, that he may decide with

impartiality.
2. In grammar, of neither gender; an epi-
thet given to nouns that are neither mas-
culiné nor feminine; primarily to nouns
which express neither sex.
Vol. IL.
stance. ‘Thus to neutralize acids and al- pl
kalies, is to combine them in such propor-|i{, Lately made, invented, produced or come
tions that the compound will not exhibit
into being; that has existed a short time
the qualities of either. This is called a only ; recent in origin; novel; opposed to
neutral salt. | old, and used of things; as anew coat; a
3. To destroy the peculiar properties or op-t! new house; a new book; a new fashion;
(910)
Aa
 N E W NIB NIC
a new theory; the new chimistry; a new \NEW-MOD‘ELING, ppr. Giving a new|NIB/BED, a. Having a nib or point.
discovery. form to. NIB'BLE, v. t. [from nib.] To bite by little
2, Lately introduced to our knowledge ; not NEW'NESS, n. Lateness of origin; re- at a time; to eat slowly or in small bits.
before known ; recently discovered ; as a centness; state of being lately invented So sheep are said to nibble the grass.
new metal; a new species of animals or or produced; as the newness of a dress; Shak. .
plants found in foreign countries; the the newness ofa system. 2. To bite, as a fish does the bait; to earp
new continent. 2. Novelty; the state of being first known/| at; just to catch by biting. Gay.
3. Modern ; not ancient. or introduced. The newness of the scene||NIB/BLE, v. i. To bite at; as, fishes nibble at
4. Recently produced by change; as a new was very gratifying. the bait. Grew.
life. 3. Innovation; recent change. 2. To carp at; to find fault; to censure little
Put on the new man. Eph. iv. And happy newness that intends old right. faults.
5. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccus- : Shak. Instead of returning a full answer to my book,
tomed. 4. Want of practice or familiarity. he manifestly nibbles at a single passage.
Heretics and such as instill their poison into His newness shamed most of the others’ long Tillotson.
new minds. Hooker. exercise. Sidney.||NIB/BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite.
/Vew to the plough, unpracticed in the trace. 5. Different state or qualities inuoduced by||NIB/BLER, n. One that bites a little at a
Pope. change or regeneration. time ; a carper.
6. Renovated; repaired so as to recover the Even so we also should walk in newness of NIB’/BLING, ppr. Biting in small bits;
first state. life. Rom. vi. ; carping.
Men, after long emaciating diets, wax plump, NEWS, 2. [from new; Fr. nouvelles. This|NICE, a. [Sax. nese or hnesc ; D. nesch, soft,
fat and almost new. Bacon. word has a plural form, but is almost al-!) tender; G. naschen, to eat dainties or
7. Fresh after any event. ways united with a verb in the singular.] sweetmeats; Dan. knes, dainties.]
/Vew from her sickness to that northern air. 1. Recent account; fresh information of}|7, Properly,
soft ; whence, delicate ; tender;
Dryden. something that has lately taken place at dainty
; sweet or very pleasant atshe
8. Not of ancient extraction or a family o a distance, or of something before un- taste; as a nice bit; nice food.
ancient distinction. known; tidings. We have news from|2. Delicate ;fine ;applied to texture, compo-
By superior capacity and extensive knowl-
edge, a mew man often mounts to favor. Constantinople. News has just arrived.|| sition or color :as cloth of a nice texture :
This news is favorable. nice tints of color. :
Addison. Evil news rides fast, while good news baits.||3_ Accurate ;exact; precise; as nice pro-
9. Not before used ; strange ;unknown. Milton. ne Ui See ie .
They shall speak with new tongues. Mark It isno news for the weak and poor tobe al) PO! Hons ; muce symmetry ;nice workman-
Xvi. prey to the strong and rich. L’ Estrange. ship ; nice
aes rules.
10. Recently commenced ; as the new year. 2. A newspaper. 4. Requiring scrupulous exactness; as a
11. Having passed the change or conjunction NEWS-MONGER, n. One that deals in|, ™¢e pomt. : ;
with the sun; as the new moon. news; one who employs much time inj|% 5. Perceiving
> &TCt hi the smallest difference
4 ; dis-
12. Not cleared and cultivated, or lately hearing and telling news. Arbuthnot.| Unguishing accurately and minutely by
cleared ; as new land. America. NEWS’PAPER, x. A sheet of paper print- pe a as a person of nice taste;
13. That has lately appeared for the first ed and distributed for conveying news; a 6. hence,
P les
time; as anew star. public print that circulates ‘news, adver-|- Perceiving accurately the smallest faults,
New is much used in composition to qual- tisements, proceedings of legislative bod-|) errors
©'0! or irregularities
: ; distinguishing
Shae and
ify other words, and always bears its ies, public documents and the like. Judging with exactness; as a nice judge of
true sense of late, recent, novel, fresh ; as NEWT, x. A small lizard; an eft. Encyc. a subject;
0 nice discernment.
ea phic :
in new-born, new-made, new-grown, new- NEWTO'NIAN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac|, 6 Ueautner fig in a judge so nice. Pope.
formed, new-found. In this use, new may Newton, or formed or discovered by him;}|"° ee ee eean gr SRE tons
be considered as adverbial, or as a part of] as the Vewtonian philosophy or system. ia Fee Caron aera
the compound.
NEW, v. t. To make new. [Not used.] Seat iam n. A follower of Newton), Delicate ;scrupulously and minutely cau-
yi tious.
Gower.
NEW’EL, n. In architecture, the upright! NEW-YEAR’S GIFT, n. A present made
on the first day of the year.
The letter was not nice, but full of charge
Of dear import. Shak.
post about which are formed winding NEXT, a. superl. of nigh. [Sax. nezt or Dear love, continue nice and chaste.
stairs, or a cylinder of stone formed by the} nexsta, from neh, neah, nigh; G. nédchst;|| Donne.
end of the steps of the winding stairs. D. naasi ; Sw. nést ;Dan. nas.] 9. Fastidious; squeamish.
2. Novelty. [Not wsed.] Spenser. 1. Nearest in place; that has no object in- : And to taste,
NEW-FANG/LED, a. [new and fangle.] tervening between it and some other; im-| Think not I shall be nice. Milton.
New made; formed with the affectation mediately preceding, or preceding in or-||L0. Delicate ;easily injured. p
of novelty; in contempt. der. We say, the next person befvre or How nice the reputation of the maid !
New-fangled devices. Atterbury. after another. , Roscommon.
NEW-FANG’/LEDNESS, xn. Vain or af- Her princely guest ‘Ll. Refined; as nice and subtle happiness.
fected fashion or form. Sidney. Carew. Was newt her side, in order sat the rest. i ; Milton.
NEW-FASH/IONED, a. Made in a new Dryden. {12. Having lucky hits. [.Vot used.] Shak.
form, or lately come into fashion. 2. Nearest in time; as the nezt day or hour;|13. Weak ; foolish; effeminate. Obs.
NEW/ING, n. Yeast or barm. Ainsworth. the next day before or after Easter. i Gower.
NEW‘ISH, a. Somewhat new; nearly new. 3. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or||14. Trivial; unimportant. Shak.
Bacon. relation; as, one man isnezt to another in||7'o make nice, to be scrupulous. Shak.
NEW'LY, adv. Lately; freshly ; recently. excellence ; one is neat in kindred ; one is NICELY, adv. With delicate perception;
He rubb’d it o’er with newly gathered mint. next in rank or dignity. Assign the prop- as, to be nicely sensible.
Dryden. erty to him who has the nezt claim. 2. Accurately ; exactly; with exact order
2. With a new form, different from the for-) NEXT, adv. At the time or turn nearest or or proporuon ; as the parts of a machine
mer. immediately succeeding. It is not mate- or building nicely adjusted ; a shape nicely
And the refined mind doth newly fashion rial who follows nezt. proportioned ; a dress nicely fitted to the
Into a fairer form. Spenser. NIAS, for an eyas, a young hawk. body ; the ingredients ofa medicine nicely
3. In a manner not existing before. B. Jonson.|| proportioned and mixed.
NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb. See Neb, the same|8- In colloquial language, well; cleverly;
NEW-MOD/EL, v. t. To give a new form word differently written.] dextrously ; handsomely; in the best
to.
1. The bill or beak of a fowl. manner; as, a feat is nicely done.
NEW-MOD’ELED, a. Formed after a new 2. The point of any thing, particularly of a|/NI/CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of
model}. ' pen. | Asia Minor. The .Vicene creed, was a
 ©

NIC NIE NIG

simmary of christian faith composed by cult to be purified, always magnetic, and the G. nichte.] The daughter of a brothei
the council of Nice against Arianism, A. when perfectly pure, malleable. It is or sister.
D. 325, altered and confirmed by the coun- generally obtained from its sulphuret. NIF’LE, nv. [Norm.] A trifle. Obs.
cil of Constantinople, A. D. 381. Encyc.||NICK’ELI¢,
u a. The nickelic acid is a satu- Chaucer.
NICENESS, n. Delicacy of perception; rated combination of nickel and oxygen. NIG’/GARD, n. [W. nig, straight, narrow,
the quality of perceiving small differences; NICK’ER, n. One who watches for oppor- or G. knicker, a niggard, and a nod or
as niceness of taste. tunities to pilfer or practice knavery. nodding ; knickern, to haggle, to be sor-
2. Extreme delicacy ;excess of scrupulous- “Arbuthnot. didly parsimonious; Dan. gnier, for gniker
ness or exactness. NICK’NAME, n. [In Fr. nique is a term of! or gmger, a niggard. This word seems
Unlike the niceness of our modern dames. contempt. In G. necken is tobanter. In to belong to the family of D. knikken, G.
Dryden. Ch. J3n signifies to surname, to call by a nicken, Dan. nikker, to nod, and this to
3. Accuracy; minute exactness ; as nice- name of reproach. } Dan. knikker, to crack ; exhibiting analo-
ness of work; niceness of texture or pro-||A name given in contempt, derision or re- gies similar to those of wretch, wreck and
portion. : , proach; an opprobrious appellation. haggle. Ard is a termination, as in dot-
Where’s now the labored niceness in thy Bacon. ard.|
dress? den. NICK’/NAME, v.#. To give aname of re- A miser; a person meanly close and coy-
NI/CETY, x. Niceness; delicacy of percep- proach; to call by an opprobrious appel- etous; a sordid wretch who saves every
tion. lation. cent, or spends grudgingly.
2. Excess of delicacy; fastidiousness ; You nickname virtue vice. Shak. Serve him as a grudging master,
squeamishness. NICK’NAMED, pp. Named in derision. Asa penurious niggard of his wealth.
So love doth lothe disdainful nicety. NICK’NAMING, ppr. Calling by a name Milton,
Spe in contempt or derision. Be niggards of advice on no pretense.
3. Minute difference; as the niceties
of N ICOLA‘ITAN, n. One ofa sect in the an- Pope.
words. cient christian church, so named from NIG’GARD, a. Miserly ;meanly covetous ;
4, Minuteness of observation or discrimina- Nicolas, a deacon of the church of Jerusa- sordidly parsimonious. Dryden.
tion; precision. The connoisseur judges lem. They held that all married women 2, Sparing ; wary.
of the beauties of a painting with great should be common to prevent jealousy.
Most free of question, but to our demands
nicety. Niggard in his reply. Shak.
They are not charged with erroneous NIG’/GARD, v. t. To stint; to supply spar-
5. Delicate management; exactness in treat- opinions respecting God, but with licen-
ment. ingly. [Little used.] Shak.
tious practices. Rey. il. NIG’/GARDISE, x. Niggardliness. [.Vot in
Love such nicety requires,
One blast will put out all his fires. Swift. NICO’TIAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting use. | Spenser.
6. Niceties, in the plural, delicacies for food; tobacco; and as a noun, tobacco; so call- NIG’/GARDISH, a. Somewhat covetous or
dainties. ed from Nicot, who first introduced it in- niggardly. Johnson.
NICH, [Fr. niche; Sp. Port. nicho; to France, A. D. 1560. NIG’GARDLINESS, n. Mean covetous-
NICHE, ‘™ Tt. nicchia, properly a nook, NI¢/OTIN, n. The peculiar principlein the ness; sordid parsimony; extreme avarice
corner, and nicchio, a shell. It seems to be leaves of tobacco; a colorless substance manifested in sparing expense.
a different orthography of nook.| of an acrid taste. It is precipitated from
its solution by the tincture of nutgalls. WNiggardliness is not good husbandry.
A cavity, hollow or recess within the thick- Addison.
ness ofa wall, for a statue orbust. Pope. Vauquelin.
NIG’/GARDLY, a. Meanly covetous or
NICK, n. In the northern mythology, an evil NI€/TATE, v. i. [L. nicto, to wink.] To avaricious; sordidly parsimonious; ex-
spirit of the waters; hence the modern wink. ¥ Ray.
tremely sparing of expense.
vulgar phrase, Old Nick, the evil one. NI¢e’TATING, . Winking.
NICK, n. [Sw. nick; Dan. nik; D. knik, a NI€/TITATING, t ppr. OF & The nicti- Where the owner of the house will be boun-
tiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly.
nod; G. nicken, to nod; genick, the nape; tating membrane is a thin membrane that Hall.
genicke, a continual nodding. The word covers and protects the eyes of some ani- 2. Sparing; wary; cautiously avoiding pro-
seems to signify a point, from shooting mals, without entirely obstructing the fusion. Sidney.
forward. ] sight. Paley.
NIG/GARDLY, adv. Sparingly ; with cau-
The exact point of time required by ne- NI€TA’TION, xn. The act of winking. tious parsimony. Shak.
cessity or convenience ; the critical time. NIDE, n. [L. nidus, a nest.] A brood; as NIG’/GARDNESS, x. Niggardliness. [Not
L’Estrange. a nide of pheasants. [Volt in use.] used. | Sidney.
2. [G. knick, a flaw.] A notch or. score for NIDG’ET, n. Adastard. [.Vot in use.] NIG/GARDY, n. Niggardliness. [/Vot used.]
keeping an account; a reckoning. Obs. Camden.
NIG/GLE, v. t. and i. To mock; to trifle
Shak. NIDIFICATE, v. i. [L. nidifico, from nidus, with. [Not in use.] Beaum.
3. A winning throw. Prior. a nest.] To make a nest.
NICK, v.¢. To hit; to touch luckily; to per- NIDIFI€A’TION, n. The act or operation NIGH, a. ni. [Sax. neah, neahg, neh, for nig;
form by a slight artifice used at the lucky of building a nest, and the hatching and G. nahe, nigh. This is the G. nach, D.
time. feeding of young in the nest. Derham. na, a preposition signifying to, on or after,
The just reason of doing things must be nick- NID‘ING, n. [Sax. nithing ;Dan. Sw. nid- that is, approaching, pressing on, making
ed, and all accidents improved. L’Estrange. ing.| A despicable coward; a dastard. towards ; D. naaken, to approach ; W.
2. To cut in nicks or notches. [See JVotch.] Obs. nig, strait, narrow.)
Shak. NI'DOR, n. ee Scent; savor. Bp. Taylor. . Near ; not distant or remote in place or
3. To suit, as lattices cut in nicks. Obs. NIDOROS/ITY, x. Eructation with the time.
Camden. taste of undigested roast meat. Floyer. The loud tumult shows the battle nigh.
"Prior:
4, To defeat or cozen, as at dice; to disap- NI/DOROUS, a. Resembling the smell or When the fig-tree putteth forth leaves, ye
point by some trick or unexpected turn. taste of roasted meat. Bacon. know that summer is nigh. Matt. xxiv.
Obs. Shak, NID/ULANT, a. [L. nidulor, from nidus, 2. Closely allied by blood; asa nigh kins-
NICK, v. t. [G.knicken, to flaw.] To notch nest.] man. Knolles.
or make an incision in a horse’s tail, to In botany, nestling; lying loose in pulp or 3. Easy to be obtained or learnt; of easy
make him earry it higher. cotton, within a berry or pericarp. access.
Martyn. Lee. The word is very nigh unto thee. Deut.
NICKAR-TREF, n. A tree of the genus NIDULA’TION, n. The time of remaining XXX.
Guilandina, which grows in the western in the nest; asofa bird. Brown. 4, Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid and
parts of the U. States, and bears a nut of NI'DUS, n. [L.] A nest; a repository
for defend.
the size ofa pignut. Mease. the eggs ofbirds, insects, &c. The Lord is nigh unto them who are of a
NICK/EL, n. A metal of a white or reddish NIECE, n. nese. [Fr. niece; Arm. nizes, broken heart. Ps. xxxiv.
white color, of great hardness, very diffi- nyes; W.nith; que The D. has nigt, and 5. Close in fellowship ; intimate in relation.
 bs

NIG NIG NIM

Ye are made nigh by the blood of Christ. NIGHT-FLY, n. An insect that flies in the INSeacreti Mgr a. Watching in the
Eph. i. 3 i
night. Shak, . night.
6. Near in progress or condition. Heb. vi. NIGHT-FOUNDERED, a. Lost or distress- NIGHT-WALK, n. A walk in the evening
NIGH, adv. ni. Near; at a small distance ed in the night. filton. or night. Walton.
in place or time, or in the course of events. NIGHT-GOWN, n. A loose gown used for NIGHT-WALKER, zn. One that walks in
He was sick, nigh to death. Phil. ii. undress. Addison. his sleep ; a somnambulist.
2. Near to a place. NIGHT-HAG, n. A witch supposed to wan- 2. One that roves about in the night for evil
He drew nigh. Milton. der in the night. Milton. purposes. JVight-walkers are punishable
3. Almost ; near. He was nigh dead. NIGHTINGALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale ; Sw. by law.
Nigh is never a preposition. In the phrase, nachtergal ; D. nagtegaal ;G. nachtigall; pisces eerie a. Roving in the
“nigh this recess, with terror they sur- Dan. nattergal; composed of night and night.
vey,” there is an ellipsis of to. They, Sax. galan, to sing-] NIGHT-WALKING, x. A roving in the
nigh to this recess, survey, &c. 1. A small bird that sings at night, of the Streets at night with evil designs.
NIGH, v. i. ni. To approach ; to advance genus Motacilla ; Philomela or Philomel. NIGHT-WANDERER, 7. One roving at
or draw near. [.Vot used.] Hubberd. Shak.
Waller. night. Shak.
NIGHLY, adv. nily. Nearly ; within a lit- 2. A word of endearment. Shak. NIGHT-WANDERING, a. Wandering in
tle. NIGHTISH, a. Pertaining to night, or at- the night. Shak.
A cube and a sphere nighly of the same big- tached to the night. NIGHT-WARBLING, a. Warbling or sing-
ness. [JVot used.] Locke. NIGHTLY, a. Done by night ; happening ing io the night. Milton.
NIGHNESS, x. ni/ness. Nearness ; prox- in the night. or appearing in the night; as NIGHTWARD, a. Approaching towards
imity in place, time or degree. ; nightly sports ; nightly dews. night.
t=)
Milton.
NIGHT, n. nite. [Sax. niht; Goth. nahts; 2. Done every night. The watch goes his NIGHT-WATCH, n. A period in the night,
D. nagt; G. nacht ;Sw. natt ; Dan. nat, nightly round. as distinguished by the change of the
contracted ; L. nor; Gr. 1& ; Sp. noche; NIGHTLY, adv. By night. watch. JVight-watches, however, in the
Port. néite ; It. notte ; Fr. nwit ; Lr. nocht; Thee, Sion, and the flowery brooks beneath, Psalms, seems to mean the night or time
Russ. noch; Slav. nosch ; Sans. nischa. Nightly I visit. Milton. of sleep in general.
The sense may be dark, black, or it may 2. Every night. Addison. 2. A watch or guard in the night.
be the decline of the day, from declining, NIGHT-MAN, n. One who removes filth NIGHT-WATCHER, n. One that watches
departing, like the Shemitic 2>y.] from cities in the night. in the night with evil designs.
. That part of the natural day when the NIGHTMAR, n. [night and Sax. mara, NIGHT-WITCH, n. A night hag; a witch
sun is beneath the horizon, or the time incubus, nightmar. Mara may be from that appears in the night.
from sunset to sunrise. the root of merran, to stop, to hinder, [see
NIGRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco, to grow
wo. The time after the close of life; death. black.
Moor ;} or it may be the Rabbinic ND, an
John ix. eyil spirit or demon. ] Growing black ; changing to a black color ;
She closed her eyes in everlasting night. approaching to blackness.
vyden. Incubus; a sensation in sleep resembling
NIG/RIN, An ore of titanium, found
the pressure of a weight on the breast or
3. A state of ignorance; intellectual and
about the precordia. It is usually the NIG’RINE, t”- in black grains or rolled
moral darkness; heathenish ignorance. pieces. Ure.
Rom. xiii.
effect of indigestion or of a loaded stom-
NIHILITY, xn. [L. nihilum, nihil, nothing ;
4. Adversity ;a state of affliction and dis- ach.
NIGHT-PIECE, n. A piece ofpainting so Nothingness ne and hilwm.]
tress. Is. xxi. ; a state of being nothing.
5. Obscurity ; a state of concealment from colored as to be supposed seen by candle-
Watts.
the eye or the mind ; unintelligibleness. light. Addison.
NIGHT-RAIL, x. [night and Sax. regl, or NILL, v. t. (Sax. nillan, that is, ne, not, and
Nature and nature’s works lay hid in night.
rather hregle, a garment or robe.| willan, to will; L. nolo ; ne and volo.}
Pope.
In the night, suddenly ; unexpectedly. Luke A loose robe or garment worn over the Not to will; to refuse ; to reject. Obs.
dress at night. [/Vot used.] Addison. Spenser.
xii. NILL, v. 7. To be unwilling. Shak.
To-night, in this night. To-night the moon NIGHT-RAVEN, n. A fowl of ill omen NILL, n. The shining sparks of brass in
will be eclipsed. that criesin the night. Spenser. Shak. trying and melting the ore. Johnson.
NIGHT-ANGLING, n. The angling for or NIGHT-REST, n. Rest or repose at night. NILOM’‘ETER, n. [.Vile and Gr. uerpor,
catching fish in the night. Encye. Shak. measure.
NIGHT-BIRD, x. A bird that flies only in NIGHT-ROBBER, n. One that robs or An instrument for measuring the rise of wa-
the night. Hall. steals in the night. Spenser. ter in the Nile during the flood.
NIGHT-BORN, a. Produced in darkness. NIGHT-RULE, n. A tumult or frolick in NIM, v. t. [Sax. neman, niman, Goth. ni-
NIGHT-BRAWLER, n. One who excites the night. Shak man, D. neemen, Gr. nehmen, to take.]
brawls or makes a tumult at night. NIGHTSHADE, n. [Sax. nihtscada.] To take; to steal; tofilch. Obs.
Shak. A plant of the genus Solanum. The deadly Hudibras. LL’Estrange.
NIGHT-€AP, n. A cap worn in bed or in nightshade is of the genus Atropa; the NIMBLE, a. [qu. W. nwyv, liveliness. In
undress. Swifl. American nightshade of the genus Phyto- Dan. nem is sharp, acute.]
NIGHT-CROW, n. A fowl that cries in the lacea; the bastard nightshade of the ge- Light and quick in motion ; moving with ease
night. Shak. nus Rivina ; the enchanter’s nightshade o and celerity; lively ; swift. It is applied
NIGHT-DEW, n. The dew formed in the the genus Circza ; the Malabar nightshade chiefly to motions of the feet and ‘hands,
night. Dryden. ofthe genus Basella; and the three-leaved sometimes to other things; as a nimble
NIGHT-DOG, n. A dog that hunts in the nightshade of the genus ‘Trillium. boy ; the nimble-footed deer.
night ; used by deer-stealers. Shak. Fam. of Plants.
Through the mid seas the nimble pinnace
NIGHT-DRESS, n. A dress worn at night. NIGHT-SHINING, a. Shining in the sails. Pope.
Pope. night; luminous in darkness. Wilkins. NIM’BLE-FOOTED, a. Running with
NIGHTED, a. Darkened ; clouded ; black. NIGHT-SHRIEK, x. A shriek or outery speed; light of foot.
{Little used.} Shak. in the night. Shak. NIM’BLENESS, n. Lightness and agility
NIGIUTEFALL, x. The close of the day; NIGHT-SPELL, 2. A charm against acci- in motion ; quickness ; celerity ; speed;
evening. Swift. dents at night. Chaucer. swiftness. It implies lightness and spring-
NIGHT-FARING, a. Traveling in the NIGHT-TRIPPING, a. Tripping about in iness.
night. Gay. the night; as a night-tripping fairy. The stag thought it better to trust to the
NIGHT-FIRE, n. Ignis fatuus ; Will with Shak. nimbleness of his teet. Sidney.
a wisp ; Jack with a lantern, Flerbert. NIGHT-VISION, nx. A vision at night. Ovid ranged over Parnassus with great min-
2. Fire burning in the night, Dan. ii. bleness and agility. Addison.
 NIP NIS NOL TT
NIM’BLESS, n. Nimbleness. Obs. gers. The word is used in both senses; NIT, n. [Sax. hnitu; G. niss; D. neet;
Spenser. the former is probably the true sense. Sw. gnet; Dan. gnid; W. nezen, néz.}
NIM'BLE-WITTED, a. Quick ; ready to Hence, The egg of a louse or other small insect.
speak. _ Bacon. 2. To cut off the end of any thing ; to clip, Derham.
NIM'BLY, adv. With agility ;with light, as with a knife or scissors; as, to nip o NIUTENCY, x. [from L. niteo, to shine.)
quick motion. a shoot or twig. 1. Brightness ; luster. [Little used.]
He capers nimbly in a lady’s Page 3. To blast; to kill or destroy the end of any \2. [L. nitor, to strive.] Endeavor ; effort 5
thing; hence, to kill; as, the frost has nip- spring to expand itself. [Litile used.]
NIMIETY, n. [L. nimietas.] The state of] ped the corn; the leaves are nipped ; the Boyle.
being too much. [/Vot wn use. plant was nipped in the bud. Hence, to NIT'ID, a. [L. nitidus.] Bright ; lustrous;
NIM MER, 2. [Sax. niman, to take.] A nip in the bud, is to kill or destroy in in- shining. Boyle.
thief. [/Votinuse.] Hudibras. fancy or youth, or in the first stage of 2. Gay ; spruce ; fine ; applied to persons.
NIN‘COMPOOP, x. [said to be a corrup- growth. [Lattle used.] Reeve.
tion of L. non compos, not of sound mind.) . To pinch, bite or affect the extremities o NITER,
A fool; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [4 any thing;asa nipping frost; ence, t
pinch or bite in general; to check growth.
al 2x. (Fr. nitre; Sp. It. ni-
tro; L. nitrum; Gr. srpov ; Heb. Syr-
50
low word.] Addison.
qn; Ar.
NINE, a. (Goth. niun; G. newn; Sw. nyo ; . To check circulation.
When blood is nipt. [Unusual.] Shak.
52783 nitrona. In tlebrew,
Dan. ni; L. nonus; probably contracted,
as the Saxon is nigan, and the Dutch ni- [-;). To bite; to vex. the verb under which this word appears
gen, Hindoo now, Burman no or nonaw. | And sharp remorse his heart did prick and signifies to spring, leap, shake, and to
nip. Spenser. strip or break ; in Ch. to strip or to fall
Denoting the nuuiber composed of eight and
one ; as nine men; nine days.
7 . To satirize keenly; to taunt sarcastically. off; in Syriac, the same ; in Sam. to keep,
Hubberd. to watch or guard; m Ar. the same; ir
NINE, n. The number composed of eight NIP, x. A pinch with the nails or teeth.
and one ; or the number less by a unit Eth. to shine.]
Ascham. iA salt, called also salt-peter [stone-salt,]
than ten; three times three. 2. A smallcut, or a cutting off the end.
NIUNE-FOLD, a. Nine times repeated. | and in the modern nomenclature of chim-
3. A blast ; a killing of the ends of plants ; istry, nitrate of potash. It exists in large
Milton. destruction by frost. quantities in the earth, and is continually
NI‘NE-HOLES, nz. A game in which holes 4. A biting sarcasm ; a taunt. Stepney.
are made in the ground, into which a pel-|| 5. A sip or small draught ; as a nip of toddy. formed in inhabited places, on walls shel-
let is to be bowled. Drayton. tered from rain, and in all situations where
[G. nippen, Dan. nipper, to sip.] animal matters are decomposed, under
NINE-PENCE, x. A silver coin of the val- NIP/PED. Pinched ; bit ; cropped ; stables and barns, &c. It is of great use
ue of nine pence. INIPT, ' § PP blasted.”
NI/NE-PINS, x. A play with nine pins or NIP’/PER, n. A satirist. [.Vot used.]
in the arts; is the principal ingredient in
gunpowder, and is useful in medicines,
sharpened pieces of wood set on end, Ascham. in preserving meat, butter, &c. It isa
at which a bowl is rolled for throwing 2. A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers white substance, and has an acrid, bitter-
them down. We say, to play at nine-pins, are four. ish taste. Hooper. Fourcroy.
or a game at nine-pins. NIP’/PERS, n. Small pinchers. NITH'ING, n. [Sax.] A coward; a das-
NINE-SCORE, a. Noting nine times twen- NIP’PING, ppr. Pinching ; pinching off; tard; apoltroon. [See Viding.]
ty, or one hundred and eighty. [See biting off the end ; cropping ; clipping ; INI’ TRATE, n. A salt formed by the union
Score.| blasting ; killing. of the nitric acid with a base ; as nitrate
NINE-SCORE, ». The number of nine of soda. Lavoisier. Fourcroy.
'NIP/PINGLY, adv. With bitter sarcasm.
times twenty. Johnson. INU’ TRATED, a. Combined with niter.
NINETEEN, a. [Sax. nigantyne.] Noting Kirwan.
the number of nine and ten united ; as INIP’PLE, n. [Sax. nypele ; dim. of nib, neb.]
\l. A teat; a dug ; the spungy protuberance INI’TRI€, a. Impregnated with niter. Ni-
nineteen years. tric acid is the acid saturated with oxygen,
by which milk is drawn from the breasts
NINETEENTH, a. (Sax. nigantothe.] The or an acid composed of oxygen and nitro-
_ ordinal of nineteen ; designating nine-|) of females. Ray. Encye.
gen or azote.
2. The orifice at which any animal liquor is
teen. separated. Derham. NITRITE, n. A salt formed by the combi-
NI/NETIETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. nation of the nitrous acid with a base.
NINETY, a. Nine times ten; as ninety INIP/PLEWORT, x. A plant of the genus NI’TROGEN, n. [Gr. »rpor, niter, and
years. i Lapsana.
yervac, to produce. |
NIN'NY, x. [Sp. nizo ; L. nanus, a dwarf; INIS/AN, 2. A month of the Jewish calen- The element of niter; that which produces
Bese dar, the first month of the sacred year
and seventh of the civil year, answering niter; that element or component part of
Ar. (313 weak in mind.] air which is called azote. [See .Azole.]
nearly to our March. It was originally
A fool ; a simpleton. Swift. called Abib, but began to be called Nisan INITROG’ENOUS, a. Pertaining to nitro-
NIN’/NYHAMMER, n. A simpleton. [Lit- after the captivity. Encye. gen ; producing niter.
tle used. Arbuthnot. INISI PRIUS, n. [L.] In law, a writ which NITROLEU’CI€, a. Designating an acid
NINTH, a. [Sax. nigetha, nigotha ; but lies in cases where the jury being impan- obtained from leucine acted on by niter.
ninth, in English, is formed directly from neled and returned before the justices of Braconnet.
nine ; Sw. nijnde.| the bench, one of the parties requests to NITROM‘ETER, n. [Gr. verpor and merpea,
The ordinal of nine ; designating the num- have this writ for the ease of the country, to measure. ]
ber nine, the next preceding ten; as the that the cause may be tried before the ‘An instrument for ascertaining the quality
ninth day or month. justices of the same county. The purport or value of niter. Ure.
NINTH, x. In music, an interval containing of the writ is, that the sheriff is command- iNITRO-MURIAT‘I¢, a. Partaking ofniter
an octave and atone. ed to bring to Westminster the men im- and muria or sea-salt. The nitro-muri-
NIP, v. t. [D. knippen, to nip, to clip, to panneled at a certain day, before the jus- atic acid is a combination or mixture of
pinch ; Sw. knipa ; G. kneif, a knife, a tices, nist prius, that is, unless the justices nitric and muriatic acid.
nipping tool; knetfen, to nip, to cut off, to shall first come into the county to take NVTROUS, a. Pertaining to niter ;partak-
pinch ;-kniff, a pinch, a nipping ; knipp, assizes. Hence the courts directed to try ing of the qualities of niter, or resembling
a fillip, a snap; W. cneiviaw, to clip. matters of fact in the several counties are it. WVilrous acid is one of the compounds
These words coincide with knife, Sax. called courts of Nist Prius, or Nisi Prius formed ofnitrogen and oxygen, in which
enif, Fr. ganifor canif.] courts. In some of the United States, the oxygen isin a lower proportion than
i. To cut, bite or pinch off the end or nib, similar courts are established, with powers that in which the same clements form
or to pinch off with the ends of the fin- defined by statute. H nitric acid.
 NOM NON NON
To name 5 to mention by name. Nonage is sometimes the period under 14
NO/MADIZING, ppr. Leading a pastoral. wWotton.| years of age, as in case of marriage.
life and wandering or removing from place 2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. ; : Bailey. ’ Encyc.
to place for the sake of finding pasture. Spenser. imei aris a. [L. nonagesimus, nine-
NO'MANCY, n. [Gr. ovona, L. nomen, name, 3. To name or designate by name for an of- tieth,
and porte, divination.| :
fice or place ;to appoint; as, to nominate Noting the 90th degree of the ecliptic; be-
The art or practice of divining the destiny an heir or an executor. Locke. ing in the highest point of the ecliptic.
of persons by the letters which form their 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice NON’AGON, n. [L. nonus, nine, and Gr.
names. Dict.
or appointment; to propose by name, or yeu, an angle.}
NOM BLES, n. [Fr.] The entrails of a deer. offer the name ofa person as a candidate |A figure having nine sides and nine angles.
Johnson. . Bailey.
for an office or place. This is the princi-
NOM 'BRIL, 2. [Fr. the navel.] The center pal use of the word in the United States ; NON-APPE/ARANCE, 2. Default of nis
of an escutcheon. Cye. pearance, as in court, to prosecute or de-
as in a public assembly, where men are to
NOME, n. [Gr. vouos.] A province or tract be selected and chosen to office, any mem- fend.
of country; an Egyptian governmentor ber of the assembly or meeting nominates, NON-APPOINT’ MENT, n. Neglect of ap-
division. Maurice. pointment. Franklin. -
de- that is, proposes to the chairman the name
2, In the ancient Greek music, any melody of a person whom he desires to have NON-ATTEND/ANCE,x. A failure to at-
termined by inviolable rules. Cyc. tend; omission of attendance.
elected.
3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a quantity with a NOMINATED, pp. Named; mentioned by INON-ATTEN’TION, x. Inattention.
sign prefixed or added to it, by which it is name ; designated or proposed for an of- | Swifl.
connected with another quantity, upon NON-BITU/MINOUS, a. Containing no bit-
binomial, tri-
fice or for election.
which the whole becomes a umen. Journ. of Science.
nomial, and the like. Cyc. NOM INATELY, adv. By name; particu-
larly. Spelman. NONCE, n. Purpose; intent; design. [Vol
4, [Gr. vee, to eat.] In surgery, a phageden- in use.| Spenser. B. Jonson.
ic ulcer, or species of herpes. Cyc. NOMINATING, ppr. Naming; proposing NON’-€LAIM, n. A failure to make claim
NOMENC€LA’TOR, n. [L.; Fr. nomencla- for an office or for choice by name. within the time limited by law ; omission
teur ;L. nomen, name, and calo, Gr. xare0, NOMINA’TION, n. The act of naming or of claim. Bailey.
to call.] of nominating; the act of proposing by \NON-COMMU'NION, n. Neglect or failure
— . A person who calls things or persons by name for an office. of communion. B. Trumbull.
their names. In Rome, candidates for 2. The power of nominating or appoint- NON-COMPLI/ANCE, x. Neglect or fail-
office were attended each by a nomencla- ing to office. ure of compliance.
tor, who informed the candidate of the The nomination of persons to places being a NON-COMPLY'ING, a. Neglecting or re-
names of the persons they met, and whose prerogative of the king— Clarendon.' fusing to comply. Hamilton.
votes they wished to solicit. Cyc. 3. The state of being nominated. AB is Non compos mentis, or non compos, [L.] not
2 . In modern usage, a person who gives
5
in nomination for governor. of sound mind; not having the regular use
names to things, or who settles and ad- of reason; as a noun, an idiot; a lunatic;
justs the names of things in any art or NOMINATIVE, a. Pertaining to the name one devoid of reason, either by nature or
which precedes a verb, or to the first case
science. by accident.
of nouns ; as the nominative case or nome-
NOMEN€LA’TRE ss, n. A female nomen- native word.
NON-CONDUCT'ING, a. Not conducting;
clator. Addison. NOMINATIVE, 2. In grammar, the first not transmitting another fluid. Thus in
NOMENC€LA’TURAL, a. Pertaining or case of names or nouns and of adjectives electricity, wax is a non-conducting sub-
according to a nomenclature. Barton. which are declinable.
stance.
NOMENCLATURE, n. [L. nomenclatura. NOM INATOR, n. One that nominates. NON-€ONDU€'TION, n. A non-conduct-
See Nomenclator.] NOMINEE’, n. In law, the person who is ing. Ure.
1. A list or catalogue of the more usual and named to receive a copy-hold estate on sur- \NON-CONDU€T’OR, n. A substance which
important words in a language, with their does not conduct, that is, transmit another
render of it to the lord; the cestuy que
significations ; a vocabulary or dictionary. substance or fluid, or which transmits it
use, sometimes called the surrenderee.
9. The. names of things in any artor science, Blackstone. with difficulty. Thus wool is a non-con-
or the whole vocabulary of names or tech- 2, A person named or designated by anoth- ductor of heat; glass and dry wood are
nical terms which are appropriated to non-conductors of the electrical fluid.
er. Paley.
any particular branch of science; as the 3. A person on whose life depends an an- NON-CONFORM/ST, n. One who neg-
nomenclature of botany or of chimistry ; nuity. lects or refuses to conform to the rites
the new nomenclature of Lavoisier and his NOMOTHET'I€, and mode of worship of an established
[Gr. |vomoderns.]
asscciates. church. Blackstone. Swift.
NOMOTHET ICAL, § “ Legislative ;en- \NON-CONFORM'TY, x. Neglect or fail-
NOMIAL, n. [from L. nomen, name.] A acting laws. Bp. Barlow.
single name or term in mathematics. ure of conformity.
NOMINAL, a. [L. nominalis, from nomen. NON, adv. [L.] Not. This word is used in 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an
the English language as a prefix only, for established church in its rites and mode of
See Name.]
1. Titular; existing in name only;as, a nom- giving a negative sense to words; as in worship. Blackstone.
inal distinction er difference is a differ- non-residence, non-performance, non-eX- INON-CONTA/GIOUS, a. Not contagious.
ence in name and not in reality. istence, non-payment, non-concurrence, INON-CONTA’'GIOUSNESS, n. The quali-
2. Pertaining to a name or names; consist- non-admission, mon-appearance, non-at- ty or state of being not communicable
tendance, non-conformity, non-compliance, from a diseased to a healthy body.
ing in names.
NOMINAL, The Nominalists were non-communion, and the like. NON-COTEMPORA ‘NEOUS, a. Not being
NOM/INALIST, Gna sect of school phi- NON-ABIL/ITY, x. A want of ability ; in} cotemporary, or not of cotemporary origin.
losophers, the disciples of Ocham or Oc- law, an exception taken against a plaintiff Journ. of Science.
cam, in the 14th century, who maintained in a cause, when he is unable legally to NON-DESERIPT’, a. [L. non, not, and
that words and not things are the object commence a suit. descriptus, described.] ‘That has not been
of dialectics. They were the founders of|INON/AGE, n. [non, not, and age.} Minori- described.
the university of Leipsic. Encye. ty; the time of life before a person, ac- NON-DESERIPT’, n. Any thing that has
NOM 'INALIZE, v. t. To convert into a cording to the laws of his country, be- not been described. Thus a plant or ani-
noun. [.NVot in use and ill formed.] comes of age to manage his own concerns. mal newly discovered is called a non-
A amen adv. By name or in name Legal maturity of age is different in dif- descript.
only. ferent countries. In this country, as in) (NONE, a. [Sax. nan; ne, not, and ane. one.
NOMINATE, v. t. [L. nomino, from nomen,| Great Britain, a man’s nonage continues The Latins use nemo, neminis, that is, ne
name. See .Vame.| till he has completed twenty one years.) and man.]
 NON NON NON
1. Not one; wsed of persons or things. NONIL'LION, n. [L. nonus, nine, and mill-|| rendition of a service which is due, is an injury
There is none that doeth good; no, not one. ton.| The number of nine million millions. for which the subsequent reparation of the loss
Ps. xiv. NON-IMPORTA’TION, n. Want or failure sustained—is an atonement. S. E. Dwight.
2. Not any; nota part; not the least por- of importation ; a not importing goods. NON-RESEM’BLANCE,xn. sasz. Unlike-
tion. NON-JU’/RING, a. [L. non, not, and juro, ness ; dissimilarity.
Six days shall ye gather it, but on the sev- to swear. ] NON-RES‘IDENCE, n. s as z. Failure or
enth day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall Not swearing allegiance ; an epithet applied neglect of residing at the place where one
be none. Ex. xvi. to the party in Great Britain that would is stationed, or where official duties re-
3. It was formerly used before nouns; as,} not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian quire one to reside,or on one’s own lands.
“thou shalt have none assurance of thy family and government. | Swift.
life.’ This use is obsolete ;we now use, NON-JU’/ROR, n. In Great Britain, one who
NON-RESIDENT, a. Not residing in a
no; thou shalt have no assurance. ‘This refused to take the oath of allegiance to particular place, on one’s own estate, or
is none other but the house of God ;” we: the government and crown of England at in one’s proper place ; asa non-resident
now say, zo other. the revolution, when James II. abdicated) clergyman or proprietor of lands.
4. It is used as a substitute, the noun being { the throne, and the Hanoverian family
omitted. “ He walketh through dry places,| INON-RES‘IDENT, n. One who does not
was introduced. The non-jurors were reside on one’s own lands, or in the place
seeking rest and finding none ;” that is, no, the adherents of James.
rest. Matt. xii. where official duties require. In the
NON-MANUFA€’TURING, a. Not carry- United States, lands in one state or town-
wt In the following phrase, it is used for] ing on manufactures ; as non-manufuctur-
nothing, or no concern. “Israel would ship belonging to a person residing in
ing states. Hamilton.
none of me,” that is, Israel would not lis-) NON-METAL’LI€, a. Not consisting of| another state or township, are called the
ten to me at all; they would have no con-| lands of non-residents.
metal. Coxe’s Orfila.
cern with me; they utterly rejected my) INON-RESIST’ANCE, n. s as z. The omis-
NON-NAT’URALS, x. In medicine, things
counsels. | sion of resistance ; passive obedience ;sub-
which, by the abuse of them, become the
As a substitute, none has a plural signifi-| causes of disease, as meat, drink, sleep,
mission to authority, power or usurpation
cation. | without opposition.
Terms of peace were none vouchsafed. | rest, motion, the passions, retentions, ex- INON-RESIST’ANT, a. Making no resist-
Milton. cretions, &c.
Functions or accidents not strictly be- ance to power or oppression. Arbuthnot.
NON-ELE€T’, n. [L. non, not, and electus,
elected.} longing to man. Parr. INON-SA‘NE, a. [L. non, not, and sanus,
sound.|
One who is not elected or chosen to salva- N ON-OBSERV’‘ANCE, n. Neglect or fail- \Unsound ; not perfect; asa person of nen-
tion. Huntington. ure to observe or fulfill.
sane memory. Blackstone.
NON-ELE€’TRIE, a. Conducting the elec-, Non obstante, (L. notwithstanding,] a clause
tric fluid. | in statutes and letters patent, importing a INON/SENSE, x. No sense; words or Jan-
NON-ELEC€'TRIC, n. A substance that is; license from the king to do a thing which guage which have no meaning, or which
not an electric, or which transmits the at common law might be lawfully done, convey no just ideas ; absurdity.
fluid ; as metals. but being restrained by act of parliament, | Dryden.
NON-EMPHAT Ie, Having no em- cannot be done without such license. 2. Trifles; things of no importance.
NON-EMPHATI€AL, § “ phasis ; unem-, Encyc. Thomson.
phatie. Beattie. NONPAREIL, n. nonparel’. [Fr. non, not or INONSENS’I€AL, a. Unmeaning ; absurd ;
NON-EN’TITY, n. Non-existence ; the ne- no, and pareil, equal.] foolish. Ray.
gation of being. Bentley. 1. Excellence unequaled. Shak. INONSENS'TICALLY, adv. Absurdly ; with-
2. A thing not existing. | 2. A sort of apple. out meaning.
There was no such thing as rendering evil for 3. A sort of printing type very small, and INONSENS’ICALNESS, n. Jargon; ab-
evil, when evil was a non-entity. South. the smallest now used except three. {
surdity ;that which conveys no proper
NON-EPIS’COPAL, a. Not episcopal; not NONPAREIL, a. nonparel’, Having no ideas.
of the episcopal church or denomination. equal; peerless. Whitlock. NONSENS‘ITIVE, a. Wanting sense or
J..M. Mason. NON-PA/YMENT, n. Neglect of payment. perception. Feltham.
NON-EPIS€OPA’LIAN, n. One who does S. E. Dwight.
'NON-SOLU’TION, 2. Failure of solution
not belong to the episcopal church or de- NON’PLUS, 2. [L.non, not, and plus, more, or explanation. Broome.
nomination. J. M. Mason.| further. |
NONES, n. plu. [L. none; perhaps Goth.) Puzzle; insuperable difficulty ; a state in |NON-SOLWENCY, xn. Inability to pay
niun, Eng. nine.} | which one is unable to proceed or decide.|| debts. Swift.
3. In the Roman calendar, the fifth day of the, Locke. South. NON-SOLV'ENT, a. Not able to pay debts;
months January, February, April, June,) |NON’PLUS, v. t. To puzzle; to confound ;|| insolvent. Johnson.
August, September, November and De-| to put to a stand; to stop by embarrass- NON-SPA’‘RING, a. Sparing none; all-
cember, and the seventh day of March, ment. Dryden. destroying ; merciless. Shak.
May, July and October. The nones were! Your situation has nonplussed me. INONSUCH. [See Nenesuch.]
nine days from the ides. Th. Scott.
NON'SUIT, n. In law, the default, neglect
2. Prayers, formerly so called. Todd. NON-PONDEROS‘ITY, x. Desiitution of} | or non-appearance of the plaintiff in a suit,
weight; levity. Black.
NON-ESSEN’TIAL, n. Non-essentials are! NON-PON DEROUS, a. Having no weight.| } when called in court, by which the plain-
things not essential to a particular pur-| NON-PRODUC€’TION, n. A failure to pro- | tiff signifies his intention to drop the suit.
pose. J. M. Mason. duce or exhibit. Hence a zonsuit amounts to a stoppage of
NO/NESUCH, n. [mone and such.] An ex-' NON-PROFI'CIENCY, x. Failure to make}, the suit. A nonswit differs from a retrar-
traordinary thing; a thing that has not its progress. it; a nonsuit is the default or neglect of
equal. |NON-PROFI’CIENT, x. One who has| the plaintiff, and after this he may bring
2. A plant of the genus Lychnis. Lee.| failed to improve or make progress in any|| another suit for the same cause; but a
NON-EXE€U’TION, n. Neglect of execu- study or pursuit. Bp. Hail. | retrazil is an open positive renunciation of
tion ; non-performance. |
Von Pros. contraction of nolle prosequi, the}| the suit, by which he forever loses his ac-
NON-EXIST’ENCE, n. Absence of exist-) plaintiff will not prosecute. It is used al- tion. [See the Verb.} Blackstone.
ence ; the negation ofbeing. | so as a verb. NON’‘SUIT, vw. t. To determine or record
2. A thing that has no existence or being. | NON-REG‘ARDANCE, n. Want of due! that the plaintiff drops his suit, on default
Brown. regard. Dict.| of appearance when called in court.
NON-EXPORTA/TION, n. A failure of ex- NON-RENDI'TION, n. Neglect of rendi-}| When a plaintiff being called in court,
portation ; a not exporting goods or com- tion ; the not rendering what is due. declines to answer, or when he neglects
modities. The non-payment of a debt, or the non-|| to deliver his declaration, he is supposed
Vol. IT. 9)
~
 NOR NOS
NOR
, subsequent part of a proposition, or a 92, In a direction towards the north, or @
to drop his suit ; he is therefore nonsuited proposition following another negative point near it; as, to steer a northern.
that is, his non-appearance is entered on proposition; correlative to neither or not. course.
the record, and this entry amounts to
a
Shak. NORTH’‘ERNLY, adv. Toward the north.
judgment of the court that the plainti I neither love nor fear thee.
Fight neither with small nor great. 1 Kings Not used.| Hakewill.
has dropped the suit. NORTIVING, x. The motion or distance of
When two are joined in a writ, and one is}} xxii.
Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard—1 Cor. ii. a planet from the equator northward.
nonsuited— Z. Swift. ‘As the tides of the sea obey the southing and
NON/SUIT, a. Nonsuited. 2. Nor sometimes begins a sentence, but in northing of the sea— Darwin.
this case a negative proposition has pre-
The plaintiff must become nonsuit. 2. Course or distance northward of the
Tyng’s Rep. ceded it in the foregoing sentence. equator.
in poetry, neither
NON’SUITED, pp. Adjudged to have de- ; 3. isIn omitted, some cases, usually NORTH -STAR, n. The north polar star.
and the negation which it NORTHWARD, a. [Sax. north and weard.|
serted the suit by default of appearance
as a plaintiff. would express is included in nor. Being towards the north, or nearer to the
NON/SUITING, ppr. Adjudging to have Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. north than to the east and west points.
Dryden. NORTHWARD, adv. Towards the north,
abandoned the suit by non-appearance or
other neglect; as a plaintiff. That is, neither Simois nor Xanthus. or towards a point nearer to the north than
NON-USANCE, n. non-yu'zance. Neglect of| 4. Sometimes in poetry, nor is used for net- the east and west points. Bacon. Dryden.
use. Brown. ther, in the first part of the proposition. NORTHWEST’, n. The point in the hori-
using;
NON-USER, 1. non-yu/zer. A not I whom nor avarice nor pleasures move. zon between the north and west, and
;
failure to use; neglect of official dutyr- Walsh. equally distant from each.
default of performing the duties and se NOR/MAL, a. [L. normalis, from norma, a NORFHWESTY, a. Pertaining to the point
vices required of an officer. square, a rule.] between the north and west; being in the
An office may be forfeited by misuser or non-. 1. According to a square or rule; perpen- northwest; as the northwest coast.
user. Blackstone dicular; forming a right angle. 2, Proceeding from the northwest; as a
2, Neglect or omission of use. 2, According to a rule or principle. northwest wind.
non-
A franchise may be lost by misuser or 3. Relating to radiments or elements 5 teach- NORTHWEST’ERN, a. Pertaining to or
Supreme Court, U. S. being in the northwest, or in a direction
User.
ing rudiments or first principles ; as nor-
NOO'DLE, 2. A. simpleton. [4 vulgar mal schools in France. to the northwest; as a northwestern
word. | a short course.
x. [See .Vich.] A corner ; a narrow NOR/MAN, n. In seamen’s language, NORTH’-WIND, n. The wind that blows
NOOK, wooden bar to be thrust into a hole of the
place formed by an angle in bodies or be- from the north. Watts.
Milton. windlass, on which to fasten the cable.
tween bodies ; as a hollow nook. Mar. Dict. NORWE‘GIAN, a. Belonging to Norway.
NOON, a. [Sax. non; D. noen; W. nawn, 2x. [north-man or nord-man. | NORWE‘GIAN, n. A native of Norway.
is at the summit; said to be from NORMAN, NOSE, n..s as z. [Sax. nose, nese, nase; G.
that A Norwegian, or a native of Normandy.
naw, that is up or ultimate, that limits, NOR/MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy; as nase; D. neus; Sw. nasa; Dan. nese ;
also nine. It has been supposed that the the Norman language. L. nasus ; It. naso; Fr. nez; Russ. nos;
the Romans, was the
ninth hour, among NOR/ROY, n. [north and roy, north king.] Dalmatian, nooss; Sans. nasa. Qu. Gr.
time of eating the chief meal; this hour The title of the third of the three kings at vqsos, an isle. It occurs in Peloponnesus,
was three o’clock, P. M. In Danish, none Burke. the promontory of Pelops. It seems to
arms or provincial heralds.
is an afternooning, a collation.]
NORTH, x. [Sax. north ;G. Sw. Dan. nord ; be the same word, or from the same root
1. The middle of the day; the time whe n D. noord; It. norte ;Fr. nord; Arm. id.
; as ness, in Sheerness.]
the sun isin the meridian ; twelve o’clock. Sp. nord, the north wind, and norte, north,
1 The prominent part of the face which is
2, Dryden used the word for midnight. ‘At the arctic pole, and a rule or guide. I) the organ of smell, consisting of two sim-
the noon of night.” ilar cavities called nostrils. The nose
know not the origin of this word, nor its
NOON, a. Meridional. primary sense. It may have been applied serves also to modulate the voice in
How of the noon bell. Young. speaking, and to discharge the tears
first to the pole star, or to the wind, like
NOON’DAY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o’clock ine.\|_ Boreas.] which flow through the lachrymal ducts.
the day. Boyl Through this organ also the air usually
One of the cardinal points, being that point
NOON’DAY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; me- of the horizon which is directly opposite passes in respiration, and it constitutes no
ridional; as the noonday heat.
to the sun in the meridian, ; on the left small part of the beauty of the face. In
NOON'ING, n. Repose at noon ; sometimes,
Addison.|| band when we stand with the face to) man, the nose is situated near the middle
repast at noon. of the face; but in quadrupeds, the nose
NOON’STEAD, n. The station of the sun the east; or it is that point of intersection!
is at or near the lower extremity of the
at noon. Drayton. of the horizon and meridian which is
nearest our pole. Cye.
NOON’TIDE, n. [See Tide, which signifies NORTH, a. Being in the north; as the 2, The end of any thing; as the nose of a
time. ;
bellows. Holder.
north polar star. R
The time of noon; mid-day. to noon; Shak.| me- NORTHEAST, n. The point between the) 3. Scent; sagacity.
NOON’TIDE, nap artaining We are not offended with a dog for a better
Milton. north and east, st an equal distance from nose than his master. Collier.
ridional. each.
NOOSE, . nooz. [Ir. nas, a band or tie; NORTHE/AST, a. Pertaining to the north- To lead by the nose, to lead blindly.
nasgaim, to bind or tie.] from that point; as a To be led by the nose, to follow another obse-
east, or proceeding
A running knot, which binds the closer the northeast wind. quiously, or to be led without resistance
more it is drawa. INORTH/ERLY, a. Being towards the or enquiring the reason.
Where the hangman does dispose
north, or nearer towards the porth than To thrust one’s nose into the affairs of others,
To special friend the knot of noose. to meddle officiously in other people’s
Hudibras. to any other cardinal point. [We use this
word and northern with considerable lati- | matters; to be a busy-body.
NOOSE, »v. t. nooz. To tie in a noose; to tude. } |To pul one’s nose out of joint, to alienate the
catch in a noose; to entrap; to ensnare. Towards the north; | affections from another.
NORTH/E RLY, adv.
NO/PAL, n. A plant of the genus Cactu s "| as, to sail northerly. NOSE, v. t. To smell; to scent. Shak.
from which the cochineal is collected in|
direction; as a northerly} |2. To face; to oppose to the face. Wood.
Mexico; Indian fig or raquette. The fruit) 2, Ina northern NOSE, v. 7. To look big; to bluster. [Vot
Encye.| course.
resembles a fig. 3. Proceeding from a northern point. used.| Shak.
NOPE, n. A provincial name for the bull-| BLEED, n. A hemorrhage or bleed~
finch or red tail. Eng. Dict. NORTHERN, a. Being in the north, or|NO/SE ing at the nose.
NOR. connective. [ne and or.) A word that) nearer to that point than to the east or 2, A plant of the genus Achillea.
denies or renders negative the second or| west.
 NOT NOT N © iT
NO'’SED, a. Having a nose; as in long-gant style, or used onlyin irony. The second 6. Reputation ; consequence; distinction;
nosed. | sense is in colloquial use in New England.| H
as men of note. Acts xvi.
2. Having sagacity. Middleton. 3. In Scripture, conspicuous; sightly ;as a 7. State of being observed.
NO/SE-FISH, x. A fish of the lether- notable horn. Dan. viii. Small matters, continually in use and note.
mouthed kind, with a flat blunt snout; 4. Notorious. Matt. xxvii. [Little used.] Bacon.
called also broad-snout. Dict. Nat. Hist. 5. Terrible. Acts ii. 8. In music, a character which marks a
NO/SEGAY, n. [nose and Celtic geac, a 6. Known or apparent. Acts iy. sound, or the sound itself; as a semibreve,
bough. ] NOT’ABLE, zx. In France, the nobles or aminim, &c. Notes are marks of sounds
A bunch of flowers used to regale the sense persons of rank and distinction were for- in relation to elevation or depression, or
of smelling. ’ merly called notables. to the time of continuing sounds.
As on the nosegay in her breast reclined.2. A thing worthy ofobservation. Addison. 9. Tune; voice ;harmonious or melodious
Pope.
NOT’ABLENESS, n. Activity; industri- sounds.
NO/SELESS, a. Destitute of a nose. ousness; care. [Little used.] The wakeful bird tunes her nocturnal note.
Shak. 2. Remarkableness. Milton.
NO’SE-SMART, n. A plant, nasturtium; NOTABLY, adv. Memorably ; remarka- One common note on either lyre did strike.
cresses. bly ;eminently. Bacon. Dryden.
NOSETHRIL. [See ostril.] 2. With show of consequence or importance. 10. Abbreviation ;symbol. Baker.
NOS'LE, n. [from nose.] A little nose ; the Addison. 11. A short letter ; a billet. Dryden.
extremity of a thing; as the nosle of a NOTA/RIAL, a. [from notary.] Pertaining 12. Annotation; commentary ; as the noles
bellows. [See .Vozzle.] to a notary; as a notarial seal; notarial in Scott’s Bible; to write notes on Ho-
NOSOLOG/I€AL, a. [See Vosology.] Per- evidence or attestation. mer.
taining to nosology, or a systematic class- 2. Done or taken by a notary. 13. A written or printed paper acknowledg-
ification of diseases. NO’'TARY, n. [L. notarius, from notus, ing a debt and promising payment; as a
NOSOL/OGIST, zn. One who classifies dis- known, from nosco.] promissory note; a bank-note; a note of
eases, arranges them in order and gives 1. Primarily, a person employed to take hand ; a negotiable note.
them suitable names. notes of contracts, trials and proceedings 14. Noles, plu. a writing; a written dis-
NOSOL/OGY, n. [Gr. vos0s, disease, and in courts among the Romans. course ; applied equally to minutes or
noyos, discourse. } 2. In modern usage, an officer authorized to heads of a discourse or argument, or to a
1. A treatise on diseases, or a systematic ar- attest contracts or writings of any kind, discourse fully written. The advocate of-
rangement or classification of diseases to give them the evidence ofauthenticity. ten has notes to assist his memory, and
with names and definitions, according to This officer is often styled notary public. clergymen preach with notes or without
the distinctive character of each class, or- NOTA’TION, n. [L. notatio, from noto, to them.
der, genus and species. Encye. mark. ] 15. A diplomatic communication in writing ;
2. That branch of medical science which 1. The act or practice of recording any thing an official paper sent from one minister or
treats of the classification of diseases. envoy to another.
by marks, figures or characters ; particu-
NOSOPOET‘I€, a. [Gr. vo00s, disease, and My note of January 10th still remains unan-
larly in arithmetic and algebra, the ex- swered. Gallatin,
movew, to produce.} Producing diseases. pressing of numbers and quantities by NOTE, v. t. [L. noto.] To observe; to no-
[Little used.] Arbuthnot. figures, signs or characters appropriate
NOS’‘TRIL, n. [Sax. nosethyrl, nesethyrl. tice with particular care; to heed; to at-
for the purpose. tend to.
Thyrl or thirel is an opening or perfora- 2. Meaning; signification.
tion; thirlian, thyrlian, to bore, to perfo- No more of that ; [have noted it well.
Conscience, according to the very notation Shak.
rate, to thrill, to drill. See Drill.) of the word, imports a double knowledge. [Un- Their manners noted and their states survey’d.
An aperture or passage through the nose. usual. South. Pope.
The nostrils are the passages through NOTCH, n. [qu. G. knicken, to crack or 2. To set down in writing.
which air is inhaled and exhaled in respi- flaw, Dan. knikker. It seems to be the Vote itin a book. Is. xxx.
ration. same word in origin as niche, nick. Class 3. To charge, as with a crime; with of or
NOS’TRUM, n. [L. from noster, ours.] A Ng. No. 49.] Sor.
medicine, the ingredients of which are kept 1. A hollow cut in any thing; a nick; an They were both noted of incontinency. Obs.
secret for the purpose of restricting the indentation. Dryden.
profits of sale to the inventor or proprie- And on the stick ten equal notches makes. NOTE, v. t. [Sax. hnitan.] To butt; to
tor. Pope. Swift. push with the horns. [.Vot used.} Ray.
NOT, adv. [Sax. naht or noht, naught, that 2. An opening or narrow passage through a NO’TE-BOOK, n. A book in which memo-
is, ne and awiht, not any thing; D. niet: mountain or hill. We say, the notch of a randums are written. Shak.
G. nicht; Russ. niete; Scot. nocht. See mountain. U. States. 2. A book in which notes of hand are regis-
Naught.] NOTCH, v. ¢. To cut in small hollows; as, tered.
1. A word that expresses negation, denial or to notch a stick. Pope. NO’TED, pp. Set down in writing.
refusal ; as, he will not go; will you re- NOTCH’-WEED, n. A plant called orach. 2. Observed; noticed.
main? JI will not. In the first member Johnson. 3. a. Remarkable ;much known by reputa-
of asentence, it may be followed by nor NOTE, for ne wote, knew not or could not. tion or report; eminent; celebrated; as a
or neither ; as not for a price nor reward ; Chaucer. Spenser. noted author ;a noted commander ; a noted
I was not in safety, neither had I rest. NOTE, n. [L. nota; Fr. note; W. nod; traveler.
2. With the substantive verb in the follow- from L. notus, nosco, to _know.] NO’TEDLY, adv. With observation or no-
ing phrase, it denies being, or denotes ex- L. A mark or token; something by which a tice. Shak.
tinction of existence. thing may be known; avisible sign. NO’/TEDNESS, n. Conspicuousness ; emi-
Thine eyes are open upon me, and I am not. They who appertain to the visible church nence; celebrity. Boyle.
Job vii. have all the notes of external profession. NO‘TELESS, a. Not attracting notice ;not
Hooker.
NOT‘ABLE, a. [Fr. notable; L. notabilis, 2. A mark made in a book, indicating some- conspicuous. Decker.
from notus, known ; nosco, to know.] NO’TER, n. One who takes notice; an an-
thing worthy of particular notice.
1. Remarkable ;worthy of notice; memo- notator. Gregory.
3. A shortremark; a passage or explanation
rable ; observable ; distinguished or noted. in the margin of a book. NO’TEWORTHY, a. Worthy of observa-
They bore two or three charges from the 4. A minute, memorandum or short writing tion or notice. Shak.
horse with notable courage. Clarendon.
Two voung men of notable strength. 2 Macc.
intended to assist the memory. NOTHING, n. [no and thing.] Not any
5. Notice; heed. thing ; not any being or existence ; a word
2, Active; industrious; careful; as anotable
woman. Give order to my servants that they take that denies the existence of any thing;
No note at all of our being absent hence. non-entity ; opposed to something. 'The
[In both senses, this word is obsolete in ele-| Shak. world was created from nothing.
 NOT NOT NOT
9, Non-existence ; astate of annihilation. NO‘TICE, v. t. To observe; to see. We invisible or intellectual, as the notion we
Shak. noticed the conduct of the speaker; we have of spirits. But from negligence in
3. Not any thing;
ng 5 not any particular thing, noticed no improper conduct. the use of idea, the two words are con-
deed or event. Nothing was done to re- 2. To heed; to regard. His conduct was, stantly confounded.
deem our character. He thought nothing rude, but I did not notice it. What hath been generally agreed on, I con-
done, while any thing remained to be 3. To remark ; to mention or make observa- tent myself to assume under the notion of prin-
tions on. ciples. Newton.
done. Few agree in their notions about these words.
A determination to choose nothing is a deter- This plant deserves to be noticed in this
place. Tooke. Cheyne.
mination not to choose the truth. That notion of hunger, cold, sound, color,
J. M. Mason. Another circumstance was noticed in connec-
tion with the suggestion last discussed. thought, wish or fear, which is in the mind, is
4, No other thing. called the idea of hunger, cold, &c. Watts.
Nothing but this will entitle you to God’s Hamilton.
2. Sentiment ; opinion ; as the extrava-
acceptance. Wake. 4. To treat with attention and civilities; as,
to notice strangers. gant notions they entertain of themselves.
5. No part, portion, quantity or degree. The
troops manifested nothing of irresolution 5. To observe intellectually. Addison.
in the attack. INO/TICEABLE, a. That may be observed ; 3. Sense; understanding; intellectual pow-
Yet had his aspect nothing of severe. worthy of observation. er. [ot used.] Shak.
Dryden. NO’TICED, pp. Observed ; seen; remark- 4. Inclination; in vulgar use; as, I have a
6. No importance ; no value ; no use. ed; treated with attention. notion to do this or that.
Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of) NO’TICING, ppr. Observing ; seeing; re-
NO’TIONAL, a. Imaginary; ideal; exist-
naught. Is. xli. a garding ’;remarking on; treating with at- ing in idea only ; visionary ; fantastical.
Notional good, by fancy only made. Prior.
7. No possession of estate ;a low condition. tention.
A notional and imaginary thing. Bentley.
Aman that from very nothing is grown to NOTIFICATION, n. [See Notify.] The} 2. Dealing in imaginary things; whimsical ;
an unspeakable estate. Shak. act of notifying or giving notice ; the act fanciful; asa notional man.
8. A thing of no proportion to something, or of making known, particularly the act of
\INOTIONALITY, xn. Empty ungrounded
of trifling value or advantage. giving official notice or information to the
opinion. [JVot used.] Glanville.
public, or to individuals, corporations,
The charge of making the ground, and other- NO'TIONALLY, adv. In mental appre-
wise, is great, but nothing to the profit. companies or societies, by words, by wri- hension ; in conception; not in reality.
Bacon. ting or by other means. Two faculties notivnally or really distinct.
9. A trifle; a thing of no consideration or 2. Notice given in words or writing, or by WNVorris.
importance. signs. NO’TIONIST, n. One who holds to an
Tis nothing, says the fool; but says the 3. The writing which communicates infor- ungrounded opinion. Bp. Hopkins.
friend, mation ; an advertisement, citation, &c. NOTORIETY, xn. [Fr. notorieté, from no-
This nothing, sir, will bring you to your end.
Dryden. NO’TIFIED, pp. Made known ; applied to; toire. See .Notorious.]
To make nothing of, to make no difficulty or things. This design of the king was no- 1. Exposure to the public knowledge ; the
to consider as trifling, light or unimpor- tified to the court of Berlin. state of being publicly or generally known;
2. Informed by words, writing or other) as the notoriety of a crime.
tant.
We are industrious to preserve our bodies means; applied to persons. The inhabit- 2. Public knowledge.
from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering ants of the city have been notified that a They were not subjects in their own nature
our souls to be slaves to our lusts. Ray. meeting is to be held at the State House. so exposed to public notoriety. Addison.
NOTO/RIOUS, a. [It. Sp. notorio ; Fr. no-
NOTHING, adv. In no degree ; not at all. NO'TIFY, v. t. [Fr. notifier; It. notificare;) torre; from Low L. notorius, from notus,
Adam, with such counsel nothing sway’d— L. notus, known, and facio, to make.]
known. ]
Milton. 1. To make known; to declare ; to publish.!
In the phrase, nothing worth, the words The laws of God notify to man his will) 1. Publicly known; manifest to the world;
and our duty. evident; usually, known to disadvan-
are transposed ; the natural order being, tage; hence almost always used in an ill
worth nothing. 2. To make known by private communica-
tion; to give information of. The allied sense; as a nolorious thief; a notorious
NOTHINGNESS, x. Nihility ;non-exist- crime or vice; aman notorious for lewd-
ence. Donne. sovereigns have notified the Spanish,
court of their purpose of maintaining le-| ness or gaming.
2. Nothing; athing of no value. Hudibras. 2. Ina good sense.
gitimate government.
NO’TICE, n. [Fr. from L. notitia, from no- co. To give notice to; to inform by words or Your goodness,
to or notus.} Since you provoke me, shall be most notori-
writing, in person or by message, or by ous. Shak.
1. Observation by the eye or by the other any signs which are understood. The NOTO/RIOUSLY, adv. Publicly ; openly;
senses. We take notice of objects passing constable has notified the citizens to meet
or standing before us; we take notice of in a manner to be known or manifest.
atthe City Hall. The bell notifies us of the! Swift. Dryden.
the words of a speaker ;we take notice of) time of meeting.
a peculiar taste of food, or of the smell of) NOTO’/RIOUSNESS, xn. The state of being
The President of the United States has noti- open or known ; notoriety. Overbury.
an orange, and of our peculiar sensations. fied the House of Representatives, that he has
Notice then is the act by which we gain approved and signed the act. NOTT, a. [Sax. hnot.] Shorn. Obs.
knowledge of something within the reach Journals of the Senate. Chaucer.
of the senses, or the effect of an impress- [.Vote. This application of notify has been} NOTT, v. t. To shear. Obs. Stowe.
ion on some of the senses. condemned, but it is in constant good use in the, NO’TUS, n. [L.] The south wind. Milton.
. Observation by the mind or intellectual U. States, and in perfect accordance with the NOT’/WHEAT, xn. [Sax. hnot, smooth,
use of certify.] shorn.] Wheat not bearded. Carew.
power; as, to take nolice of a distinction
between truth and veracity. NO’TIFYING, ppr. Making known; giving NOTWITHSTAND/ING, the participle of
Ww Information; intelligence by whatever notice to. withstand, with not prefixed, and signify-
means communicated; knowledge given NO’TION, n. [Fr. from L. notio, from no- ing not opposing; nevertheless. It re-
or received; as, L received notice by a tus, known ; nosco, to know.] tains in all cases its participial significa-
messenger or by letter. He gave notice of 1. Conception ; mental apprehension of what- tion. For example, “1 wili surely rend the
his arrival. The bell gives notice of the ever may be known or imagined. We kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy
hour of the day. The merchant gives no- may have a just notion of power, or false) servant; notwithstanding, in thy days f
tice that a bill of exchange is not accept- notions respecting spirit. will not do it, for David thy father’s sake.”
ed. Notion and idea are primarily different; 1 Kings xi. In this passage there is an
1, A paper that communicates information. idea being the conception of something ellipsis of that, after notwithstanding. That
5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility. visible, as the idea of a square or a trian- refers to the former part of the sentence,
6, Remark; observation. gle; and notion the conception of things} 1 will rend the kingdom from thee ;notwith-
 NOU NOV NOW
standing that (declaration or determina-|NOURISHING, ppr. nur‘ishing. Feeding ;| man year, beginning in March.] ‘The
tion,) in thy days I will not do it.. In this} supplying with aliment; supporting with’) eleventh month of the year.
and in all cases, notwithstanding, either food. y i NO'VENARY, x. [L. novenarius, from no-
with or without that or this, constitutes}|/2. a. Promoting growth; nutritious; as a vem, nine.}
the case absolute The number nine; nine col-
or independent. ? nounshing diet. : lectively.
“It is a rainy day, but notwithstanding) NOURISHMENT, x. nur‘ishment. That, NOVENARY, a. Pertaining to the number
that, the troops must be reviewed ;” that) which serves to promote the growth of pine.
is, the rainy day not opposing or prevent- animals or plants, or to repair the waste) NO’/VEN’NIAL, a. [L. novem, nine,
ing. That, in this case, is a substitute for) and an-
of animal bodies; food; sustenance; nu-, nus, year.] Done every ninth year. Potter.
the whole first clause of the sentence. It)! triment. : Newton. |NOVER’€AL, a. [L. noverca, a step-moth-
is to that clause what a relative is to an 2. Nutrition 3 Support
of animal or vegetable er.]
antecedent noun, and which may be used) bodies. _ _, Blackmore.)
in the place of it; notwithstanding which, 3. Instruction, or that which promotes Pertaining to a step-mother ; suitable to a
step-mother ; in the manner of a step-
that is, the rainy day. growth in attainments; as nourishment! mother. Derhum,
“Christtheenjoined
publish on his followers not to!)
cures he wrought; but not-
and growth in grace. ‘ NOVICE, n. [Fr. from L. novitius, from
So they may learn to seek the nourishment novus, new.]
withstanding his injunctions, they pro-| of their souls. Hooker. One who is new in any business; one
claimed them.” Here, notwithstanding his SSL BML oF [See Vurture.]
injunctions, is the case independent or ab-| NOL RSLING. See es, unacquainted or unskilled ; one in the ru-
_..7| diments; a beginner.
solute; the injunctions of Christ not op- yOuee EIT: ae le oe gas re
posing or preventing. razor) Tam young,a novice in the trade. Dryden.
_ ee 4 nee elon 2. One that has entered a religious house,
This word) answers precisely to the Lat-|| Shist; whet-slate, a variety e = ‘gv
in non obstante, and both U; -|| but has not taken the vow ; a probationer.
‘are used with||__ Slate. Brogniart. Ure.|
nouns or with substitutes for nouns, NOVA’/TIAN, n. In church history, one of Shak,
for sentences or for clauses of sentences.||_
So in the Latin phrase, hoc non obstante,| the sect of Novatus or Novatianus, who 3. One newly planted in the church, or one
beld that the lapsed might not be received newly converted to the christian faith. 1

fonceortoseries ofsentnces, againTs into communion

. F Tim. iii.
|i Ae
9
#
a thatagcond mariages
ar -|
areTuleunlawi.|NONE/TEATE,
with the church, ay,
n.(Pe,moviit s1.woi
Peer We

NOUGHT. See Naught. ; af Pe en

CE
uevor the 1. The state or time of learning rudiments.

NOULD,
eee ere Spence | comm tome Raman, pray, ta) In fein ues ayear or other neo
ne would, would not. Spenser. been seduced into Vovatianism.
he has th Milner. e a whether
NOUN, n [altered from L. nomen name.]| NOVATION. ate
[Bee doncnatuyns aie for living th hal to whieh
In grammar. a name; that sound or com- INGVAILORs [See innovator.|
his. eee bind hin ak bau abi ing
Histon of sounds by which a thing is/NOV'EL, a. ne pore erpnariomlea nem, |Sie
called, whether material or immaterial,||. Lt 2vello ;Sp. novel.) : ; a ee ean oy =
NOVI’TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly in- :
[See Vame.] 1. New; of recent origin or introduction; vented. [Vot used.] Pearson.
NOURISH, v. t. nur'ish. [Fr. nourrirs Trl) Bt ancient ;hence, unusual; as a novel) NOV'ITY, n. [L. novitas.] Newness.
? pt inet2 - ? ree .
[Wot
nutrire; Sp. Port. nutrir; from L. nutrio.
ini * } |

The G. ndhren, Sw. nara, Dan. nerer heresy; novel opinions. The proceedings! used.
Brown.
of the court were novel. ar NOW, adv. [Sax. D. Sw. Dan. Goth. nu.
iemauiush cannot beithoussmetword unl In the civil law, the novel constitutions are The G. has nun, Gr. ww, L. nunc]
ne : those which are supplemental to the code, |]. At the
jess they have Jost a dental, which may AW nGaterior 1m’ | Her present time
erhaps be the fact.] “| and posterior in time to the other Boole books.
lat : ae ee
T havea patient now living
REEDED
1. To : i These contained new decrees of success- | age, who discharged blood from at an advanced
ate feed = and cause
med Hodto grow; to supply a
ranimalraryace ive emperors. || S his lungs thirty
;
| years ago. Arbuthnot.
living or organize pogaaolmMs or Vege-il3. Tn the common law, the assize of novel dis-/2. A little while ago; very
lately.
table, with matter which mereases tS” seizin
bulk or supplies the waste oceasioned by) ant recites is an action in which the demand- They that but ow for honor and for plate,
a complaint of the disseizin in! Made the sea blush with blood, resign theiv
ae ee functions; to supply with nutri- terms of direct averment, whereupon the Paw hate. Boeke Waller.
2 ‘Totslpporks to maintain by feeding. Gen,| Sheriff is commanded to reseize the land)? ae roe a aaee hed ae Poe ois
hxlviit ; 2 and chattels thereon, and keep the same one. Saree
Whilst I in Ireland nourish a mighty band, a eueoay pine exPyal ot eee
T will stir up in England some black storm. || @SsiZze. of 4. Now sometimes expresses or implies a
‘
Shak.||NOV/EL, . A new or supplementalFogel consti-| connection between the subsequent and
3. To supply the means of support and in-||_ tution or decree. [See the Adjective.] preceding proposition ; often it introduces
crease; to encourage; as, to nourish re-||2- A fictitious tale or narrative in prose, an inference or an explanation of what
in- precedes.
bellion ; to nourish the virtues. tended to exhibit the operation of the pass-
What madness was it, with such proofs, tol) Not this man, but Barabbas ; now Barabbas
ions, and particularly of love. was arobber. John xviii.
nourish their contentions ! Hooker. The coxcomb’s novel and the drunkard’s| Then said Micah, now I know that the Lord
4. To cherish; to comfort. James v. toast. Prior.||_ will do me good, seeing I have a Leyite for my
5. To educate; to instruct; to promote|/NOV’/ELISM, n. Innovation. [Litile used.]||
growth in attainments. 1 Tim. iv. Priest. Judges xvii. hier ence oaee
Dering.|| the pier Speee apt eywhic teres mac
NOURISH, ’ v. i. nur'ish. To
1xpromotel| NOVW’ELIST,
ELIS" - ;
n. An innovator; : an assert-
eerie aIevil good, aee
calling man is misrepresented to
growth. er of novelty. Bacon. White.)
Grains and roots nourish more than
othersin the way of slander— South.
leaves. (2. A writer ofa novel or of novels. 5. After this ; things being so.
[Eliptical.] Bacon. Warton.) How shall any man distinguish zow betwixt
2. To gain nourishment. [Unuswal.] 3. A writer of news. [Not used.] Tatler.)
Bacon.|NOV’/ELIZE, a parasite and amanofhonor? —_L’Estrange.
v.4. To innovate. [Not inf In supplication, it appears to be some-
NOURISHABLE, a. nur‘ishable. Suscepti- use.] ‘ ‘ !
ble of nourishment : as the nourish b 7 | ee Ny
| whee empheticat Laat ‘ ‘
parts of the body ie aes |NOWELTY, n. Newness ; ar
eseecn thee, ord, remember now how
.
NOURISHED
. J?
pr auarishedaed .
ee Ihave walked before thee in truth and with a
eas aera
origin or agintroduction.
. i cer,
ooKer a
perfect heart. 2 Kings Be
9K .
Red eth ;
act s ealiaed eereUE Novelty is the great parent ofpleasure. 7. Now sometimes refers to a particular
plie vite nutriment ; causec to grow. |
NOURISiiER, n. nurisher. ‘The person or/ NOVEM’BER, n. [L. from _ South.|| time past specified or understood, and
novem, nine; the} may be defined,at that time. He was now
thing that nourishes. Bacon. Milton.|| t ninth month, o]accordingfo) to the ancient Ro-|
fo}
sensible of his mistake.
 NUB NUL NUM
NUBIF’EROUS, a. [L. nubifer; nubes, al NULL, «@. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or
Now and then, at one time and another, in- cloud or fog, and fero, to produce.| Bring- binding force or validity ; of no efficacy ;
definitely ; occasionally ; not often; at
ing or producing clouds. Dict. invalid. The contract of a minor is null
intervals. in law, except for necessaries.
They now and then appear in offices of reli- NU’BILE, a. [Fr. from L. nubilis, from nu-
ion. Rogers. bo, to marry.] NULL, n. Something that has no force or
If there were any such thing as spontaneous Marriageable ;of an age suitable for mar- meaning. A cipher is called a null. [Not
generation, a new species would now and then) riage. Prior. used. | Bacon.
appear. NU'BILOUS, a. [L. nubilus, from nubes.] NULLIFID‘IAN, a. [L. nullus, none, and
2, Applied to places which appear at inter- Cloudy. Bailey. Sides, faith.]
vals or in succession, Of no faith; of no religion or honesty. [.Vot
A mead here, there a heath, and now and NUCIF’EROUS, a. [L. nua, nut, and fero, used. Feltham.
then a wood. Drayton. to bear.] Bearing or producing nuts. NUL‘LIFIED, pp. Made void.
Now, now, repeated, is used to excite at- Dict. NUL/LIFY, v. t. [L. nullus, none, and facio,
tention to something immediately to hap- NU’€LEUS, n. [L. from nuz, a nut.] to make.]
en. 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut; but in To annul; to make void ; to render invalid :
NOW, n. The present time or moment. usage, any body about which matter is to deprive of legal force or efficacy.
Nothing is there to come, and nothing past, collected. Woodward. Ames.
But an eternal now does everlast. Cowley. 2. The body of acomet, called also its head, NUL'LITY, n. [It. nullita; Fr. nullité ;
Now a days, adv. In this age. which appears to be surrounded with from L. nullus.}
What men of spirit now a days,
light. 1. Nothingness ; want of existence.
Come to give sober judgment of new plays? NUDA’TION, n. [L. nudatio, from nudo, to Bacon.
Garrick. make bare.] 2. Want oflegal force, validity or efficacy.
[This is a common colloquial phrase, but ‘The act of stripping or making bare or na- South.
not elegant in writing, unless of the more ked. NUMB, a. num. [Sax. numen, the parti-
familiar kinds.} NUDE, a. [L. nudus.] Bare. ciple of Sax. Goth. niman, to take, to
NO'WAY, te {no and way.] In no 2. In law, void; of no force. Blackstone. seize, whence beniman or benyman, to de-
NO'WAYS, ;adv. manner or degree. NUDITY, n. [L. nuditas.] Nakedness. prive ; benwm, benuman, stupefied, that is,
[These can hardly be considered as com- 2, Nudities, in the plural, naked parts which seized, arrested, held, stopped; D. nee-
pound words. | decency requires to be concealed. men ; G. nehmen. Class Nm. No. 7. 9.]
NOW’'ED, a. [Fr. noué.] Knotted ; tied in Dryden. 1. Torpid ; destitute of the power of sensa-
a knot; used in heraldry. Encye. 3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts tion and motion ; as, the fingers or limbs
NOW'EL, n. [Fr. noel.] A shout of joy or of the human figure, or parts not covered are numb with cold.
christmas song. Obs. Chaucer.) with drapery. 2. Producing numbness ; benumbing ; as the
NOWES, n. [Fr. now.] The marriage knot. Nudum Pactum, [L.} in law, an agreement numb cold night. [ot used nor proper.|
Obs. Crashaw. that is void or not valid according to the Shak.
NO’WHERE, adv. [no and where ; Sax. laws of the land. Blackstone. NUMB, v. t. num. To make torpid; to de-
na-where. | NUGACITY, n. [L. nugar, from nuge, prive of the power of sensation or motion;
Not in any place or state. Happiness is no- trifles.] to deaden ; to benumb; to stupefy.
where to be found but in the practice of) Futility ; trifling talk or behavior. For lazy winter numbs the laboring hand.
virtue. More. Johnson. ; Dryden.
But it is better to write no and where as NUGA‘TION, n. [L. nugor, to trifle.] The And numbing coldness has embraced the ear.
separate words. Prior.
act or practice of trifling. [Zuttle used.}
NO’WISE, adv. [no and wise; often by Bacon. NUMBED, pp. num/med. Rendered torpid.
mistake written noways. | NUMBER, n. [Fr. nombre ; L. numerus ;
NU/GATORY, a. [L. nugatorius.] Trifling ; It. Sp. Port. nwmero ; Arm. W. niver ; Ir.
Not in any manner or degree. Bentley. vain ; futile ; insignificant. Bentley.
nuimhir. I know not whether the ele-
NOXIOUS, a. nok'shus. [L. noxius, from 9. Of no force ; inoperative ; ineffectual. ments are Vm, or Vb. Probably the radi-
noceo, to hurt. | The laws are sometimes rendered nuga-
cal sense is to speak, name or tell, as our
1. Hurtful ; harmful ; baneful ; pernicious ; tory by inexecution. Any agreement may
word tell, in the other dialects, is to num-
destructive ; unwholesome ; insalubrious ; be rendered nugatory by something which
ber. .NVumber may be allied to name, as
as novious air, food, climate ; pernicious; contravenes its execution. the Spaniards use nombre for name, and
corrupting to morals ; as noxious practices NU'ISANCE, [Fr. nuisance, from nuire, the French word written with the same
or examples ; novious haunts of vice. NU/SANCE, § ” L. noceo, to annoy. Black- letters, is number. Class Nm. No. 1.]
2, Guilty ; criminal. stone writes nusance, and it is desirable 1. The designation of a unit in reference to
Those who are novious in the eye of the law. that his example may be followed.]
[ Little used.] Bramhall. il. That which annoys or gives trouble and other units, or in reckoning, counting,
3. Unfavorable ; injurious. enumerating ; as, one is the first number ;
vexation ; that which is offensive or nox- a simple number.
Too frequent appearance in places of public
resort is noxious to spiritual promotion.
ious. A liar is a nusance to society. . An assemblage of two or more units.
Swift. 2. In law, that which incommodes or an- Two is a number composed of one and
NOX/IOUSLY, adv. Hurtfully ; perni- noys ; something that produces inconven- one added. Five and three added make
ience or damage. Nusances are public the number eight. .Number may be appli-
ciously.
NOX/IOUSNESS, 2. Ilurtfulness ; the or private ; public, when they annoy cit - ed to any collection or multitude of units
quality that injures, impairs or destroys ; zens in general, as obstructions of -ae or individuals, and therefore is indefinite,
insalubrity ; as the noxiousness of foul air. highway; private, when they affect indi- unless defined by other words or by
2, The quality that corrupts or perverts ; viduals only, as when one man erects a figures or signs of definite signification.
as the noviousness of doctrines. house so near his neighbor’s as to throw Hence,
Noy, noyance, noyer, noyful, noyous, noysance. the water off the roof upon his neighbor’s||: 3. More than one; many.
[See Annoy and Nuasance.] land or house, or to intercept the light Ladies are always of great use to the party
NOYAU, n. noy’o. A rich cordial. that his neighbor before enjoyed. they espouse, and never fail to win over nwm-
NOZ’LE, 2 {from nose.| The nose ; Blackstone. bers. Addison.
NOZZLE, § ™ the extremity of any thing; Nul, in law, signifies no, not any ;as nul dis- 4. Multitude.
the snout. Arbuthnot. seizin ; nul tiel record; nul tort. Number itself importeth not much in armies,
aa v. t. [for knubble, from knob, the NULL, v. t. [L. mulus; ne and uélus, not where the men are of weak courage. Bacon.
fist. any-] Y. In poetry, measure ; the order and quan-
To beat or bruise with the fist. [.Wot used.] To annul; to deprive ofvalidity ; to d estroy. tity of syllables constituting feet, which
Ainsworth.| [Vol much used.] [See Annul.] Milton. | render verse musical to the ear, The har-
 NUM NUM NUN
mony of verse consists in the proper dis- He was numbered with the transgressors. 2. With respect to number or sameness ift
Is. iii.
tribution of the long and short syllables, NUM’BERED, number; as, a thing is numerically the
pp. Counted ; enumerated. same, or numerically different.
with suitable pauses. 2 NUM’BERER, n. One that numbers.
In oratory, a judicious disposition of NU/MERIST, n. One that deals in num-
'NUM’BERING, ppr. Counting ; ascertain- bers. [Vot used.] Brown.
words, syllables and cadences constitutes ing the units of a multitude or collection. NUMEROS/‘ITY, n. The state of being
akind of measure resembling poetic num- NUM’BERLESS, a. That cannot be count- numerous. — [.Vot used.} Brown.
bers. ed ; innumerable. Milton. NU’MEROUS, a. [L. numerosus.] Being
6. Poetry ; verse. NUM’BERS, xn. The title of the fourth many, or consisting of a great number of
I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came.
Pope. book of the Pentateuch. individuals; as a numerous army 3 a nu-
NUMBING, ppr. num'ming. Making torpid. merous body ; a numerous people.
Here the first word numbers may be NUM’BLES, n. [Fr. nombles.] The entrails 2. Consisting of poetic numbers; melodi-
taken for poetry or verse, and the second ofa deer. Bailey. ous; musical. In prose, a style becomes
for measure. NUMBNESS, n. num/ness. Torpor ; that numerous by the alternate disposition or
Yet should the Muses bid my numbers roll. state of a living body in which it has not intermixture of long and short syllables,
Pope. the power of feeling or motion, as when or of long and short words; or by a judi-
7. In grammar, the difference of termination paralytic or chilled by cold. cious selection and disposition of smooth
or form of a word, to express unity or plu- NU’MERABLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That flowing words, and by closing the periods
rality. The termination which denotes may be numbered or counted. with important or well sounding words.
one or an individual, is the singular nwm- NUMERAL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis.] Per- Encye.
ber ; the termination that denotes two or taining to number ; consisting of number. NU’/MEROUSNESS, n. The quality of be-
more individuals or units, constitutes the The dependence of along train of numeral ing numerous or inany; the quality of
plural number. Hence we say, a noun, an progressions. Locke. consisting of a great number of individ-
adjective, a pronoun or a verb is in the 2. Expressing number ; representing num-| uals; as the nwmerousness of an army or
singular or the plural number. ber ; standing as a substitute for figures ; of an assembly.
8. In mathematics, number is variously dis- as numeral letters; as X for 10; L for 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num-
tinguished. Cardinal numbers are those | fifty ; Cfor 100; D for 500; M for 1000. bers ;melodiousness; musicalness.
which express the amount of units ; as 1. 3. Expressing numbers ; as numeral charac- Encyc.
2, 3.4.5. 6.7.8.9. 10. Ordinal numbers ters. The figures we now use to express NUMISMAT‘Ie€, a. [L. numisma, money,
are those which express order; as first, numbers are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. coin; Gr. voucoua, from yourgw, to Suppose,
second, third, fourth, &c. They are said to be of Arabian origin 3 to sanction, from voxos, law or custom.]
Determinate number, is that referred to a but the Arabians might have received Pertaining to money, coin or medals.
given unit, as a ternary or three ; an in- them from India. ‘This is a controverted NUMISMAT‘I€S, n. The science of coins
determinate number, is referred to unity in question. and medals.
general, and called quautity. INU'MERALLY, adv. According to num- NUMISMATOL’‘OGIST, xz. One versed in
Homogeneal numbers, are those referred to ber ; in number. the knowledge of coins and medals.
the same units; those referred to differ- NU/MERARY, a. Belonging to a certain NUMISMATOL/OGY, n. (Gr. voucoua, coin,
ent units are termed heterogeneal. number. and 2oyos, discourse. |
Whole numbers, are called integers. A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a The branch of historical science which treats
A rational number, is one commensurable prebend, becomesa numerary canon. -4yliffe. of coins and medals.
with unity. A number incommensurable NU’MERATE, v. t. To count or reckon in NUM’MARY, [L. nummus, a coin.]
with unity, is termed irrational or surd. numbers ; to calculate. [But enwmerate is NUMMULAR, ¢% Pertaining to ccin or
A prime or primitive number, is divisible only
by unity; as three, five, seven, &c.
generally used. ] Lancaster.
|
money.
INNUMERA‘TION, n. [L. numeratio.] The NUM’MULITE, x. [L. nummus, money.]
Arbuthnot. Dict.

A perfect number, is that whose aliquot parts) act or art of numbering. Fossil remains of a chambered shell of
added together, make the whole number, Numeration is but still the adding of one a flattened form, formerly mistaken for
as 28, whose aliquot parts, 14. 7. 4. 2.1. unit more, and giving to the whole a new name money. Ed. Encye.
make the number 28. or sign. Locke.
NUMPS, n. A dolt; a blockhead. [.Vot
An imperfect number, is that whose aliquot) w . Inarithmetic, notation ; the art of express-
used. | Parker.
parts added together, make more or less) ing in characters any number proposed in) NUM’/SKULL, n. [numb and skull.) A
than the number. This is abundant or words, or of expressing in words any num-! dunce ; a dolt; a stupid fellow. Prior.
defective ; abundant, as 12, whose aliquot ber proposed in characters; the act or art) NUM’SKULLED, a. Dull in intellect ; stu-
parts, 6. 4. 3. 2.1. make 16; or defective, of writing or reading numbers. ‘Thus we. pid ; doltish. Arbulhnot.
as 16, whose aliquot parts, 8. 4. 2. 1. make} write 1000, for thousand, and 50, we read NUN, n. (Sax. Dan. nunne; D. non; G.
15 only. fifty. nonne ; Sw.nunna; Fr. nonne.]
A square number, is the product of anumber) NU’MERATOR, xn. [L.] One that num-| A woman devoted to a religious life, and
multiplied by itself; as, 16 is the square} bers. who lives in a cloister or nunnery, se-
number of 4. 2. In arithmetic, the number in vulgar frac-) cluded from the world, under a vow of
A cubic number, is the product of a square) tions which shows how many parts of a perpetual chastity.
number by itsroot; as, 27 is the product! unit are taken. Thus when a unit is di- NUN, x. A web-footed fowl of the size of a
of the square number 9 by its root 3. | vided into 9 parts, and we take 5, we ex-| duck, with a white head and neck.
Encye., press it thus, 2, that is, five ninths; 5 be-| Dict.
Golden number, the cycle of the moon, or} ing the numerator, and 9 the denomina- 2. The blue tittmouse. Sherwood.
revolution of 19 years, in which time the, tor. NUN’CHION, x. A portion of food taken
conjunctions, oppositions and other as-| NUMBER'Ie, [It. numerico; Fr. nu- between meals. [gu. from noon, or 2 cor-
pects of the moon are nearly the same as| INUMER‘I€AL, 2 “merique ; from L. nu- ruption of luncheon.] Ainsworth.
they were on the same days of the month! merus, number. | NUN'CIATURE, n. [See Nuncio.] The
19 years before. 1. Belonging to number; denoting number ; office ofa nuncio. Clarendon.
NUM’BER, v. t. [L. numero.] To count; to consisting in numbers ; as numerical alge-| NUN'CIO, n. [It. nunzio, from L. nuncius,
reckon ; to ascertain the units of any sum,| bra; numerical characters. a messenger. |
collection or multitude. 2. Numerical difference, is that by which 1. An embassador from the pope to some
If aman can number the dust of the earth, one individual is distinguished from an-| eatholie prince or state, or who attends
then shall thy seed also be numbered. Gen. other. The same numerical body is iden- some congress or assembly as the pope’s
Xu. tically the same. representative. Encye.
2. To reckon as one of a collection or mul- NUMER/I€ALLY, adv. In numbers; as 2. A messenger; one who brings intelli-
titude. uM
parts of a thing numerically expressed. gence. Shak.
 NUR NUT NUT
NUN’CUPATE, v. t. [L. nuncupo.| To de- \4. To tend the sick ; applied to males and fe- NUT-BREAKER. [See Nutcracker. ]
clare publicly or solemnly. [Vt used.] males. NUT'-BROWN, a. Brownas a nut long kept
Barrow. 5. te feed; to maintain; to bring up. Is. and dried. Milton.
NUN€UPA'TION, x. A naming. x. NUT’-€RACKER, n. An instrument for
Chaucer. 6. To cherish; to foster; to encourage; to cracking nuts. Addison.
NUNCU’PATIVE, [[t. nwneupativo ; Fr. promote growth in. We say, to nurse 2. A bird of the genus Corvus;
the nut-
NUN€UPATORY, § “ nuncupatif ;from L. a feeble animal or plant. breaker. Pennant.
nuncupo, to declare. ] : By what hands has vice been nursed into so
uncontrolled a dominion ? Locke. NUT’GALL, n. Anexcrescence of the oak.
1. Nominal ; existing only in name. Brown.
y Encyc. 7. To manage with care and economy, with
2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. | a view to increase; as, to nurse our na- INUT’-HATCH, n. The common name of
Fotherby.| tional resources. birds of the genus Sitta. The common
3. Verbal, not written. A nuncupative will NURS’‘ED, pp. Tended in infancy or sick- European nut-hatch is called also nut-job-
or testament is one which is made by the ness; nourished from the breast; main- ber and nut-pecker. Encyc. Johnson.
verbal declaration of the testator, and de- tained ; cherished. NUT’-HOOK, n. A pole with a hook at the
pends merely on oral testimony for proof, 'NURS’ER, n. One that cherishes or en- end to pull down boughs for gathering
though afterwards reduced to writing. | courages growth. the nuts; also, the name given to a thief
Blackstone. NURS’ERY, n. The place or apartment in that stole goods from a window by means
NUN’DINAL, a. [L. nundinalis, from nun-| | a house appropriated to the care of child- ofa hook. Shak.
dine, a fair or market, quasi novem-dine, | -ren. Bacon. NUT’MEG, n. [L. nux moschata; It. noce
every nine days. | 2. A place where young trees are propaga- moscada; Port. noz moscada; Fr. muscade
l. Pertaining to a fair or to a market day. | ted for the purpose of being transplanted ; or noix muscade. But it may be question-
2, A nundinal letter, among the Romans, a plantation of young trees. Bacon. ed whether the last syllable in English,
was one ofthe eight first letters of the al- 3. The place where any thing is fostered and meg, is not from LL. macis, mace, the bark
phabet, which were repeated successively | the growth promoted. that envelops the nut.|
To see fair Padua, nursery of arts. Shak.| The fruit of a tree of the genus Myristica,
from the first to the last day of the year.
So we say, a nursery of thieves or of, growing in the isles of the East Indiesand
One of these always expressed the market/ | rogues. Alebouses and dram-shops are
days, which returned every nine days. South Sea. The tree grows to the highth
the nurseries of intemperance. of thirty feet, producing numerous branch-
NUN’DINAL, n. A nundinal letter. Christian families are the nurseries of the}
NUN’‘DINATE, v. 2. To buy and sell at} es. The color of the bark of the trunk is
church on earth, as she is the nursery of the
fairs. [JVot used.] church in heaven. J. M. Mason. a reddish brown; that of the young
NUNDINA’TION, n. Traffick in fairs. branches a bright green. The fruit is of
4. That which forms and educates. Com-} the kind called drupe, that is, a pulpy peri-
{.Vot used.] merce is the nursery of seamen.
NUNNA’‘TION, n. In Arabic grammar, from 5. | The act of nursing. [Little used.] Shak. carp without valves, containing a nut or
the name of .V, the pronunciation of n (6. That which is the object of a nurse’s care. kernel. The covering of this nut is the
at the end of words. mace. The nutmeg is an aromatic, very
Milton. grateful to the taste and smell, and much
NUN'NERY, n. A house in which nuns re- INURS/ING, ppr. Tending ; nourishing at
side; a cloister in which females under a | used in cookery.
the breast ; educating ; maintaining. NUTRICA‘TION, n. Manner of feeding or
vow of chastity and devoted to religion, INURS‘LING, n. Aninfant; achild.
reside during life. being fed. [Not in use.]
| Dryden. NU’TRIENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing ;
NUP’TIAL, a. [L. nuptialis, from nuptus, 2. One that is nursed. Spenser.
nubo, to marry.| promoting growth.
NUR’TURE, n. [Fr. nourriture, from nour- NU'TRIENT, x2. Any substance which
1. Pertaining to marriage; done at a wed- rir, to nourish. ]
ding; as nuptial rites and ceremonies ; nourishes by promoting the growth or re-
1. That which nourishes; food ; diet. pairing the waste of animal bodies.
nuptial torch. / Milton. NU’TRIMENT,
2. Constituting marriage; as the nuptial 2. That which promotes growth ; education ;, nx. [L. nutrimentum, from
knot or band. nutrio, to nourish. |
The Bible has mitigated the horrors of war;
instruction. Eph. vi. 1. That which nourishes; that which pro-
it has given effectual obligation to the nuptial fNUR’TURE, v. t. To feed; to nourish. motes the growth or repairs the natural
vow. G. Spring.) . To educate ; to bring or train up. waste of animal bodies, or that which pro-
NUP’TIALS, n. plu. Marriage, which see. He was nurtured where he was born. motes the growth of vegetables ; food; ali-
Dryden. Wotton. ment. South.
NURSE, n. nurs. [Fr. nourrice, from nour- |INUSANCE. [See Nuisance.] 2. That which promotes enlargement or im-
rir, to nourish. } NUT, n. [Sax. hnut ;D.noot ;G.nuss; Sw. rovement; as the nutriment of the mind.
1. A woman that has the care of infants, or|| nit; Dan.nédd ; Ir. cnudh ; W. ena, cnau.) NUTRIMENTV‘AL, a. Having the qualities
a woman employed to tend the children o Tt seems to be allied to knot, a bunch or of food; alimental. “Arbuthnot.
others. hard lump.] NUTRITION, x. [L. nutritio, from nutrio,
2, A woman who suckles infants. 1p The fruit of certain trees and shrubs, con- to nourish. |
3. A woman that has the care of a sick per- sisting of a bard shell inclosing a kernel. 1. The act or process of promoting the
son. A nut is properly the pericarp ofthe fruit.| growth or repairing the waste of animal
4. A man who has the care ofthe sick. Various kinds of nuts are distinguished 5} bodies; the act or process of promoting
5. A person that breeds, educates or protects ; as walnut, chestnut, hazlenut, butternut. growth in vegetables. Darwin.
hence, that which breeds, brings up or . In mechanics, a small cylinder or other 2. That which nourishes; nutriment.
causes to grow; as Greece, the nurse of the | body, with teeth or projections corres- Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot,
liberal arts. ponding with the teeth or grooves of a) To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot.
6. An old woman ; in contempt. | wheel. Bilkins. Ray.) Pope.
Blackmore. 3. The projection near the eye of an anchor.| There is no nutrition in ardent spirits.
7. The state of being nursed ; as, to puta Mar. Dict. L. Beecher.
child to nurse. Cleaveland. NUT, v.t. To gather nuts. Wood.|| NUTRI’TIOUS, a. Nourishing ; promo-
8. In composition, that which supplies food ; NUTA‘TION, x. [L. nutatio, a nodding,)
ting the growth or repairing the waste of
as a nurse-pond. Walton.|, | from nuto, to nod.| {
animal bodies. Milk is very nutritious.
NURSE, v. t. nurs. To tend, as infants ; as, In astronomy, a kind of tremulous motion of NU/TRITIVE, a. Having the quality of
to nurse a child. the axis of the earth, by which in its an- nourishing ; nutrimental; alimental; asa
2, To suckle ; to nourish at the breast. | nual revolution it is twice inclined to the} | nutritive food,
3. To attend and take care of in child-bed ; | ecliptic, and as often returns to its former, |NU’TRITURE, x. The quality of nourish-
as, to nurse a Woman in her illness. position. Encye. iW| ing. [Not used.] Harvey.
 O OAK OAT
NUT’-SHELL, n. The hard shell of a nut ; NY€’TALOPY, n. The faculty of seeing cording to their place of residence, or the
the covering of the kernel. best in darkness, or the disorder from parts of the world over which they were
2. Proverbially, a thing of little compass or which this faculty proceeds. Todd. supposed to preside. Encyc.
of little value. TL’Estrange. 2. In present usage, the disorder in which
2. In poetry, a lady. Waller.
NUT’-TREE, n. A tree that bears nuts. the patient loses his sight as night ap- NYMPH,
NUZ‘ZLE, v. t. [qu. from noursle.] To n, Another name of the pupa,
proaches, and remains blind till morning. NYMPH’A, § “‘chrysalis, or aurelia ; the
nurse ; to foster. [Vulgar.]
NUZ/ZLE, v. t. [qu. from nose or noursle.] NYE, n. A brood or flock of pheasants. second state of an insect, passing to its
To hide the head, as a child in the moth- NYL/GAU, n. A quadruped of the genus perfect form.
er’s bosom. Bailey. Bos, a native of the interior of India, ofa NYMPHE’AN, a. Pertaining to nymphs;
NUZ'ZLE, v. t. [qu. nowrsle or nestle.| To middle size between the cow and the deer. inhabited by nymphs ; as a nymphean cave.
nestle ; to house as in a nest. Its body, horns and tail are not unlike Faber.
NUZ'‘ZLE, v. 2. (qu. from nose.) To go with those of a bull; the head, neck and legs
the nose near the ground, or thrusting the resemble those of the deer. The color is NYMPH'TCAL, a. Pertaining to nymphs.
an ash gray. Encyc. Pausanias, Trans.
nose into the ground like a swine.
Arbuthnot. Pope. NYMPH, n. [L. nympha: Gr. rvppy.] In NYMPH ISH, a. Relating to nymphs; lady-
NY€’TALOPS, n. (Gr. mx7rarwy} ;rv, night, mythology, a goddess of the mountains, like. Drayton.
and 4, the eye.] forests, meadows and waters. According NYMPH'LIKE, ;a. Resembling nymphs.
1. One that sees best in the night. Coles. to the ancients, all the world was full of|NYMPH’LY, Drayton.
2. One who loses his sight as night comes nymphs, some terrestrial, others celestial ; INYS, [ve and is.] None is; isnot. Obs.
on, and remains blind till morning. and these had names assigned to them ac- | Spenser.

O.
O is the fifteenth letter, and the fourth O. S. stands for Old Styie. OAKENPIN, n. An apple; so called frons
vowel in the English Alphabet. The OAF, n. [said to be a corruption of ouph or} its hardnesss. Mortimer.
shape of this letter seems to have been elf, a fairy or demon, and to denote a fool- OAKLING, n. A young oak. Evelyn.
taken from the circular configuration of] ish child left by fairies in the place of one OAKUM, n. [Sax. ecemba, ecumbe, tow.
the lips in uttering the sound. It corres- of better intellects which they steal. John- The latter part of the word may be Sax.
ponds in figure with the Coptic O, and son.| cemb, a comb. ]
nearly with the Syriac initial and final 1. A changeling; a foolish child left by fai- The substance of old ropes untwisted and
vau, and the Ethiopie ain. In words de- ries in the place of another. Drayton. pulled into loose hemp; used for calking
rived from the oriental languages, it often 2. A dolt; an idiot; a blockhead. the seams of ships, stopping leaks, &c.
represents the vau of those languages, and (OAFISH, a. Stupid; dull; doltish. [Little That formed from untarred ropes is called
sometimes the ain; the original sound of; used. white oakum.
the latter being formed deep in the throat, OAFISHNESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness ; fol- OAKY, a. [from oak.] Hard; firm; strong.
and with a greater aperture of the mouth. ly. [Little used.] Hall.
In English, O bas a long sound, as in tone, OAK, n. [Sax. ac, ec; D. etk or eikboom ; OAR, n. [Sax. ar; Sw. dra; Norm. ower.]
hone, groan, cloke, roll, droll; a short G. eiche or etchbaum ; Sw. ek; Dan. eege- An instrument for rowing boats, being a
sound, as in lot, plod, rod, song’, lodge, and tree, oak-tree. It is probable that the first piece of timber round or square at one end,
the sound of 00, or the Italian u, and syllable, oak, was originally an adjective and flat at the other. The round end is
French ow, as in move, prove. This sound expressing some quality, as hard or strong, the handle, and the flat end the blade.
is shortened in words ending in a close and by the disuse of tree, oak became the To boat the oars, in seamanship, to cease row-
articulation, as in book, foot. name ofthe tree.] ing and lay the oars in the boat.
The long sound of O, is usually denoted A tree of the genus Quercus, or rather the To ship the oars, to place them in the row-
by e, atthe end of a word or syllable, as popular name ofthe genus itself, of which locks.
in bone, lonely ; or by a servile a, as in moan, | there are several species. The white oak To unship the oars, to take them out of the
foal. tis generally long before Ul, as in grows to a great size, and furnishes a most row-locks. Mar. Diet.
roll; but it is short in doll, loll, and in valuable timber; but the live oak of the OAR, v. i. To row. Pope.
words of more syllables than one, as in United States is the most durable timber OAR, v. t. To impel by rowing. Shak.
Jolly, volley. } for ships. In Hartford still stands the ven- OARY, a. Having the formor use of an oar;
As a numeral, O was sometimes used by erable oak, in the hollow stem of which as the swan’s oary feet.
the ancients for 11, and with a dash over was concealed and preserved the colonial Milton. Addison.
it, O, for 11,000. charter of Connecticut, when Sir E. An-|
Among the Irish,O prefixed to the name dros, by authority of a writ of quo war- Gene {qu. egea, or L. ustus.] A kiln to
of a family, denotes progeny, or is a ranto from the British crown, attempted to oUsT ™ dry hops or malt. Mortimer.
a character of dignity ; as O’Neil; O’Car- obtain possession of it, in 1687, As it was| OAT, n. [Sax. ate, oat or cockle, darnel ;
rol. then a large tree, it must now be nearly Russ. oves or ovelzi.|
Among the ancients, O was a mark of three hundred years old. A plant of the genus Avena, and more usu-
triple time, from the notion that the terna- JOAK-APPLE, n. A kind of spungy excres- ally, the seed of the plant. The word is
ry or number 3, is the most perfect of num- cence on oak leaves or tender branches, commonly used in the plural, oals. This
bers, and properly expressed by a circle, &c. produced in consequence of the punc- plant flourishes best in cold latitudes, and
the most perfect figure. ture of an insect. Itis called also oak leaf; degenerates in the warm. The meal of
O is often used as an exclamation, express-|| gall, or gall-nut. Bacon. Encye. this grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable
ing a wish. OAKEN, a. o/kn. Made of oak or consist- and very valuable article of food for man
O, were he present. Dryden. ing of oak; as an oaken plank or bench; in Scotland, and every where oats are ex-
It sometimes expresses surprise. an oaken bower. Milton. cellent food for horses and cattle.
Shakspeare uses O for a circle or oval. ws Composed of branches of oak ; as an oaken OATCAKE, n. A cake made ofthe meal of
Within this wooden QO. garland. Addison. oats. Peacham.
Vol. I. 24
 OBE OBIT
OoBD
cubits high in honor of Arsinoe. Augus-
OATEN, ;as oaten| OB'DURATE,
a. o'tn. Made of oatmeal
»v. t. To harden.
[.Votused.]
More. tus erected one in the Campus Martius at
cakes. OB'DURATELY, adv. Stubbornly ; inflexi- Rome, which served to mark the hours
9. Consisting of an oat straw or stem; asan bly ; with obstinate impenitence. on a horizontal dial drawn on the pave-
oaten pipe. Milton. ment. Encyc.
OB/DURATENESS, n. Stnbbornness; in-
OATH, n. [Sax. ath; Goth. aiths; D. eed; 2. In writing and printing, a reference or
G. eid ;Sw. ed; Dan. eed.) flexible persistence in sin.
OBDURA’TION, n. The hardening of the mark referring the reader to a note in the
A solemn affirmation or declaration, made, margin, thus, f. It is used also fora mark
with an appeal to God for the truth of} heart; bardness of heart ; stubbornness. of censure, or for designating obsolete
what is affirmed. The appeal to God in Hooker. Hammond.
words, or for other purposes at the pleas-
an oath, implies that the person impre- OBDU’RE, v. t. [L. obduro.] To harden; ure of the writer.
cates his vengeance and renounces his fa- to render obstinate in sin. [Litile used.]
Herbert. OBEQ'UITATE, »v. i. [L. obequito ; ob and
vor if the declaration is false, or if the de-| equito, to ride ;equus, a horse.) To ride
claration is a promise, the person invokes| 2. To render inflexible. [Little used.] all.|| about. [.Vot used.] Cockeram.
the vengeance of God if he should fail to OBEQUITA’TION, n. The act of riding
fulfill it. A false oath is called perjury. OBDU'RED, pp. or a. Hardened; inflexi-
Milton. about. [Vot used.] Cockeram.
OATHABLE, a. Capable of having an oath) ble ; impenitent.
administered to. [.Vot used.] Shak. OBDU/REDNESS. n. Hardness of heart ; OBERRA’TION, n. [L. oberro ; ob and er-
stubbornness. [Little used.] Hall. ro, to wander.}| The act of wandering
OATHBREAKING, n. The violation of an) about. [Little used.} Johnson.
oath ; perjury. Shak.) OBEDIENCE, n. [Fr. from L. obedientia. OBE’SE, a. [L. obesus.| Fat; fleshy. [Lit-
OATMALT, n. Malt made of oats. See Obey.]
ile used.| Gayton.
Mortimer. ‘Compliance with a command, prohibition OBE/SENESS, ? [L. obesitas.] Fatness ;
OATMEAL, n. Meal of oats produced by or known law and rule of duty prescribed ;
the performance of what is required or en- OBESITY, * fleshiness; | incum-
grinding or pounding. Gay. brance of flesh. Grew.
joined by authority, or the abstaining from
2. A plant. [.Vot used.] what is prohibited, in compliance with OBEY, v.t. [Fr. obeir, contracted from L.
OAT-THISTLE, n. A plant. [ot used.] obedio, It. ubbidire ;supposed to be con-
Ainsworth. the command or prohibition. To consti-
tute obedience, the act or forbearance tracted from ob and audio, to hear. See
OB, a Latin preposition, signifies pri- Gr. <Eaxove.]
marily, in front, before, and hence against, to act must be in submission to authority ;
towards ; as in objicio, to object, that is, the command must be known to the per-|| 1. To comply with the commands, orders
son, and his compliance must be in con-) or instructions of a superior, or with the
to throw against. It has also the force of|| sequence of it, or itis not obedience. Obe- requirements of law, moral, political or
in or on; as in obtrude. In composition, municipal; to do that which is command-
the letter b is often changed into the first dience is not synonymous with obsequious-
ness; the latter often implying meanness ed or required, or to forbear doing that
letter of the word to which it is prefixed; which is prohibited.
as in occasion, offer, oppose. or servility, and obedience being merely
Children, obey your parents in the Lord.
OBAM’'BULATE, v. 2. [L. obambulo.] To a proper submission to authority. That
Eph. vi.
walk about. [JVot used.| Cockeram. which duty requires implies dignity of Servants, obey in all things your masters.
OBAMBULA‘TION, n. A walking about. conduct rather than servility. Obedience Col. ili.
may be voluntary or involuntary. Volun-
[ot used.] Dict. He who has learned to obey, will know how
OBBLIGA’TO, a. [It. bound.] A term in tary obedience alone can be acceptable to to command.
music, signifying on purpose for the in- God. 2. To submit to the government of}; to be
Government must compel the obedience of| ruled by.
strument named. Cyc. individuals ; otherwise who will seek its pro-
OBCORD/ATE, a. [L. from ob and cor, the All Israel obeyed Solomon. 1 Chron. xxix.
tection or fear its vengeance ? Ames. Dan. vii.
heart.] OBEDIENT, a. [L. obediens.] Submissive 3. To submit to the direction or control of.
In botany, shaped like a heart, with the to authority; yielding compliance with Seamen say, the ship will not obey the helm.
apex downward; as an obcordate petal commands, orders or injunctions; per- Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal
or legume. Martyn. forming what is required, or abstaining body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof,
OBDORMI'TION, n. [L. obdormio, to from what is forbid. Rom. vi. James iil.
sleep.] Sleep; sound sleep. [Little used.] The chief his orders gives; the obedient 4. To yield to the impulse, power or opera-
Hall. band, tion of; as, to obey stimulus. Darwin.
OBDU'CE, v. t. [L. obduco; ob and duco, With due observance, wait the chief’s com- Relentless time, destroying power,
to lead.] ‘To draw over, as a covering. mand. Pope. Whom stone and brass obey.
[Little used.) Hale. OBEDIEN’TIAL, a. [Fr. obedienciel.] Ac- OBEYED, pp. Complied with ; performed ;
OBDUETY,, v. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over; cording to the rule of obedience ; in com- as a command ; yielded to.
to cover. [Not in use.] Brown.) pliance with commands ; as obediential OBEYER, n. One who yields obedience.
OBDU€'TION, n. [L. obductio.] The actof, submission. Hammond. OBEYING, ppr. Complying with com-
drawing over, as a covering; the act of; OBE/DIENTLY, adv. With obedience ; mands; submitting to.
laying over. [Little used.] Cockeram. with due submission to commands; with OBFIRM, ot obferm’, To make
OB/DURACY, n. [See Obdurate.] In-} submission or compliance with orders. OBFIRMATE, tvat obferm/ate. :firm; to
vincible hardness of heart; impenitence Tillotson. harden in resolution. {.Vot used.}
that cannot be subdued; inflexible per- OBE/ISANCE, n. [Fr. obeissance, trot nh | Hall. Sheldon.
sistency in sin; obstinacy in wickedness. obeir, to obey, L. obedio.} OBFUS/€ATE, v. t. [L.ob and fuseo, to ob-
God may by almighty grace hinder the abso- A bow or courtesy; an act of reverence seure.] To darken; to obscure.
lute completion of sin in final obduracy. made by an inclination of the body or the Waterhouse.
South. knee. Gen. xxxvil. OBFUS’€ATED, pp. Darkened in color.
OBDURATE, a. [L. obduro, to harden; OBELIS’€AL, a. In the form of an obelisk. Shenstone.
ob and duro.| Stukeley. OBFUS’€ATION, n. The act of darkening
1. Hardened in heart; inflexibly hard; per- OB/ELISK, n. [L. obeliscus ;Gr. o6cdoxos, or rendering obscure: a clouding.
sisting obstinately in sin or impenitence. dim. of oGsA0s, a spit.| Obfuscations of the cornea. Darwin.
2, Hardened against good or tavor; stub- 1. A truncated, quadrangular and slender OBIT, n. [L. obtit, obivit ; ob and eo, to go.]
born; unyielding ; inflexible. pyramid intended as an ornament, and of- Properly, death; decease ; hence, funerab
The custom of evil makes the heart obdu- ten charged with inscriptions or hiero- solemnities or anniversary service for the
rate against whatsoever instructions to the con- glyphies. Some ancient obelisks appear soul of the deceased on the day of his
trary. Hooker. to have been erected in honor of distin- death. Encyc. Mountogu.
3. Harsh; rugged; as an obdurate conso- guished persons or their achievments. OBIT’UAL, a. [L. obeo, to die; obitus,
pant. [Lattle used.} Swift. y Ptolemy Philadelphus raised one of 88 death.]
 OBJ OBL OBL
Pertaining to obits, or the days when funeral OBJE€T’, v. i. To oppose in words or ar- OBLE€TA’TION, n. The act of pleasing
solemnities are celebrated; as obitual guments; to offer reasons against. The highly ; delight. Feltham.
days. Encye. council objected to the admission of the OB'LIGATE, v. t. [L. obligo; ob and ligo,
OBITUARY, n. [Fr. obituaire.] A list of} plaintiff’s witnesses. to bind.]
the dead, or a register of obitual anniver- OBJE€T’, a. Opposed ; presented in oppo- To bind, as one’s self, in a moral and legai
sary days, when service is performed for sition. [Vol used.] Sandys. sense; to impose on, as a duty which the
the dead. Encye. OBJECT’ABLE, a. That may be opposed. law or good faith may enforce. A man
2. An account of persons deceased; notice Taylor. may obligate himself to pay money, or
of the death of a person, often accompa-| OBJE€/TION, n. [L. objectio.] The act of erect a house, either by bond, by covenant
nied with a brief biographical sketch of objecting. or by a verbal promise. A man obligates
his character. 2. That which is presented in opposition; himself only by a positive act of his own.
OBITUARY, a. Relating to the decease of} adverse reason or argument. The de- We never say, a man obligates his heirs or
a person or persons; as an obituary notice. fendant urged several objections to the executors. Until recently, the sense of
OBJECT, n. (Fr. objet; L. objectum, objec- plaintif?s claims. The plaintiff has re- this word has been restricted to positive
tus. See the Verb.| moved or overthrown those objections. and personal acts; and when moral duty
i. That about which any power or faculty 3. That which may be offered in opposition ; or Jaw binds a person to do something, the
is employed, or something apprehended reason existing, though not offered, against word oblige has been used. But this dis-
or presented to the mind by sensation or a measure or an opinion. We often have tinction is not now observed.
imagination. Thus that quality of a rose objections in our minds which we never The millions of mankind, as one vast frate1-
which is perceived by the sense of smell, offer or present in opposition. nity, should feel obligated by a sense of duty
is an object of perception. When the ob-| 4, Criminal charge ; fault found. and the impulse of affection, to realize the
ject is not in contact with the organ of) OBJE€’TIONABLE, a. Justly liable to ob- equal rights and to subserve the best interests
sense, there must be some medium) jections ; such asmay be objected against. of each other. Proudfit.
through which we obtain the perception OBJECTIVE, a. [Fr. objectif.] Belonging | That’s your true plan, to obligate
if
of it. The impression which objects make The present minister of state. Churchill.
to the object; contained in the object.
on the senses, must be by the immediate! Objective certainty, is when the proposition OB’'LIGATED, pp. Bound by contract or
application of them to the organs of sense, is certainly true in itself; and subjective, when promise.
or by means of the medium that inter- we are certain of the truth of it. The one is in OB'LIGATING, ppr. Bound by covenant,
venes between the organs and the objects.| things, the other in our minds. Watts. contract, promise or bond.
2. That to which the mind is directed for In grammar, the objective case is that OBLIGA/TION, n. [L. obligatio.] The
accomplishinent or attainment; end; ul- which follows a transitive verb or a pre- binding power of a vow, promise, oath or
timate purpose. Happiness is the object of position; that case in which the object of; contract, or oflaw, civil, political or mor-
every man’s desires; we all strive to at-| the verb is placed, when produced or af- al, independent of a promise; that which
tain that object. Wealth and honor are| fected by the act expressed by the verb. constitutes legal or moral duty, and which
pursued with eagerness as desirable ob- This case in English answers to the ob- renders a person liable to coercion and
jects. lique cases of the Latin. Lowth. punishment for neglecting it. The laws
3. Something presented to the senses or OBJECTIVELY, adv. In the manner of)| and commands of God impose on us an
the mind, to excite emotion, affection or an object; as a determinate idea objectively obligation to love him supremely, and our
passion. in the mind. Locke. neighbor as ourselves. Every citizen is
This passenger felt some degree of concern 2. In the state of an object. Brown. under an obligation to obey the laws of the
at the sight of so moving an object. Atterbury. OBJECT IVENESS, n. The state of being state. Moral obligation binds men with-
In this sense, the word uttered with a an object. out promise or contract.
particular emphasis, signifies something Is there such a motion or objectiveness of ex- 2. The binding force of civility, kindness or
that may strongly move our pity, abhor- ternal bodies, which produceth light? Hale. gratitude, when the performance of a du-
rence or disgust. What an object / OBJECT/OR, n. One that objects; one ty cannot be enforced by law. Favors
4. In grammar, that which is produced, in- that offers arguments or reasons in oppo- conferred impose on men an obligation to
fluenced or acted on by something else ; sition to a proposition or measure. make suitable returns.
that which follows a transitive verb.| Bentley. 3. Any act by which a person becomes bound
When we say, “ God created the world,” OBJUR'GATE, v. t. [L. objurgo; ob and to do something to or for another, or to
world denotes the thing produced, and is| jurgo, to chide.] To chide; to reprove. forbear something. Taylor.
the object after the verb created. When Not used. 4. In law, a bond with a condition annexed
we say, “the light affects the eye,” eye de- OBJURGA’TION, n. [L. objurgatio.] The and a penalty for non-fulfillment.
notes that which is affected or acted on.) ~ act of chiding by way ofcensure ; reproof; OBLIGATO. — [See Obbligato.]
When we say, “instruction directs the reprehension. [Little used.]_ Bramhall.| OB'LIGATORY, a. Binding in law or con-
mind or opinions,” mind and opinions are, JOBJUR’GATORY, a. Containing censure science; imposing duty; requiring per-
the objects influenced. or reproof; culpatory. [Little used.] formance or forbearance of some act ; fol-
OB/JECT-GLASS, n. In a telescope or mi- Howell. lowed by on ; to is obsolete.
croscope, the glass placed at the end of a OBLA’DA, n. A fish of the sparus kind, As long as law is obligatory, so long our obe-
tube next the object. variegated with longitudinal lines, and dience is due. Taylor.
OBJECT’, v. t. [L. objicio; ob and jacio, to having a large black spot on each side,
throw against. near the tail. Dict. Nat. Hist.| OBLIGE, v. t. pronounced as written, not
1. To oppose ; to present in opposition. OBLA’TE, a. [L. oblatus, offero; ob and obleege. [Fr. obliger; It. obbligare; Sp.
Pallas to their eyes Jfero, to bear.] obligar; from L. obligo; ob and ligo, to
The mist objected, and condens’d the skies. Flattened or depressed at the poles; as an bind; Russ. oblagayu or oblegayu, to en-
Pope. oblate spheroid, which is the figure of the compass or surround. ]
2. To present or offer in opposition, as al earth. Cheyne. 1. To constrain by necessity ;to compel by
charge criminal, or as a reason adverse| jOBLA'TENESS, n. The quality or state physical force. An admiral may be obli-
to something supposed to be erroneous or of being oblate. Fleming. ged to surrender his ships, or he may be
wrong; with to or against. obliged by adverse winds to delay sailing.
OBLA’TION, n. [L. oblatio, from offero; ob 2. To constrain by legal force; to bind in
The book—giveth liberty to object any crime and fero, to bear or bring.]
against such as are to be ordered. W hitgifie
|
law. We are obliged to pay toll for sup-
The adversaries of religion object against Any thing offered or presented in worship porting roads and bridges. :
professors the irregularity of their lives, and or sacred service; an offering; a sac- 3. To bind or constrain by moral force. We
too often with justice. rifice. are obliged to believe positive and unsus-
There was this single fault that Erasmus, Bring no more vain oblations. Is. i. pected testimony.
though an enemy, could odject to him. OBLE€'TATE, v. t. [L. oblecto.] To de- 4. To bind in conscience or honor ; to con-
Atterbury. light; to please highly. [.Vot used.] strain by a sense of propriety. We are
 OBL OBL OBS
often obliged to conform to established 2. Indirectly ;by a side glance; by an allu- Shall names that made your city the glory of
customs, rites or ceremonies. ‘To be sion; notin the direct or plain meaning. the earth, be mentioned with obloquy and de-
obliged to yield to fashion is often the His discourse tends obliquely to the detract- traction ? “Addison.
worst species of tyranny. ing from others. Addison. 2. Cause of reproach; disgrace. [Wot used.]
To do a favor to; to lay under obliga- OBL! QUENESS, n. Obliquity. Shak.
tion of gratitude ; as, to oblige one with OBLIQ’UITY, n. [L. obliquitas; Fr. ob- OBLU€TA’TION, n. [L. obluctor; ob and
a loan of money. liquité.] luctor, to struggle.]
. To doa favor to; to please; to gratify. 1. Deviation from a right line; deviation A struggling or striving against ; resistance.
Oblige us with your company at dinner. from parallelism or perpendicularity ; as [Litile used.| Fotherby.
ids To indebt. OBMUTES’CENCE, n. [L. obmutesco, to
the obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator.
To those hills we are obliged for all our met- 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. be silent.]
als. Bentley. To disobey God or oppose his will in any 1. Loss of speech; silence. Brown.
OBLI'GED, pp. Bound in duty or in law; thing imports a moral obliquity. South. 2. A keeping silence. Paley.
compelled ; constrained ; favored ; in- OBNOX‘IOUS, a. [L. obnoxius ;ob and nox-
debted. 3. Irregularity ; deviation from ordinary
rules. ius, hurtful, from noceo.|
OBLIGEE’, n. The person to whom an-
OBLIT’ERATE, v. t. [L. oblitero; ob and 1. Subject; answerable.
other is bound, or the person to whom The writings of lawyers, which are tied and
a bond is given. Blackstone. litera, letter.]
obnoxious to their particular laws, Bacon.
OBLI'GEMENT, xn. Obligation. [Litile {. To efface ; 10 erase or blot out any thing . Liable; subject to cognizance or punish-
written; or to efface any thing engraved.
used. | Milton. Dryden. ment.
A writing may be obliterated by erasure,
OBLI/GER, n. One that obliges. by blotting, or by the slow operation of We know ourselves obnowious to God’s se-
OBLI/GING, ppr. Binding in law or con- vere justice. Calamy.
time or natural causes.
science; compelling ; constraining. . To efface; to wear out; to destroy by . Liable ;exposed; as friendship obnoxious
2. Doing a favor to. time or other means ; as, to obliterate ideas to jealousies. Hayward.
No man can long be the enemy of one whom . Reprehensible ;censurable ;not approv-
he is in the habit of obliging. |H. Humphrey. or impressions ; to obliterate the monu-
ments of antiquity ; to obliterate reproach. ed; as obnoxious authors. Feil.
OBLI/GING, a. [Fr. obligeant.| Having the
disposition to do favors, or actually con- Hale. Locke. 5. Odious ; hateful; offensive ; with to ;
as, the minister was obnoxious to the
ferring them ; as an obliging man; a man 3. To reduce to a very low or imperceptible whigs.
of an obliging disposition ; hence, civil; state.
complaisant ; kind. The torpor of the vascular system and ablit- OBNOX‘IOUSLY, adv. In a state of sub-
erated pulse. Med. Repos. jection or liability.
Mons. Strozzi has many curiosities, and is
very obliging to a stranger that desires the OBLIT’ERATED, pp. Effaced; erased ; 2. Reprehensibly ; odiously ; offensively.
worn out; destroyed. OBNOX’‘IOUSNESS, n. Subjection or lia-
sight of them. Addison.
OBLI/GINGLY, adv. With civility ; kindly; OBLIT’ERATING, ppr. Effacing ;wearing 9 bleness to punishment. Hail.
out; destroying. . Odiousness ; offensiveness. The obnox-
complaisantly. Addison. Swift.
OBLITERA’TION, n. The act of effacing; tousness of the law rendered the legisla-
OBLI/GINGNESS, x. Obligation. [Little ture unpopular.
used. | Hammond. effacement ; a blotting out or wearing out;
2. Civility; complaisance ; disposition to ex- extinction. Hale. OBNU’BILATE, v. t. [L. obnubilor ;0b and
nubilo ; nubes, mist, cloud.]
ercise kindness. Walton.| OBLIVION, n. [L. oblivio.] Forgetfulness; To cloud; to obscure. Burton.
OBLIGOR’, n. The person who binds him- cessation of remembrance.
Among our crimes oblivion may be set. OBNUBILA’TION, x. The act ov opera-
self or gives his bond to another. Dryden, tion of making dark or obscure.
Blackstone. 2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission of Beddoes. Waterhouse.
OBLIQUA/TION, n. [L. obliquo, from ob- punishment. An act of oblivion is an am- OB/OLE, n. [L. obolus.| In pharmacy, the
liquus, oblique.] nesty, or general pardon of crimes and of- weight of ten grains or halfa seruple.
1, Declination from a strait line or course ; fenses, granted by a sovereign, by which Encyc.
a turning to one side; as the obliquation punishmeut is remitted. OB'OLUS, n. [L. from Gr. o80205.; A small
of the eyes. Newton. OBLIV’IOUS, a. [L. obdliviosus.] Causing silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a
2. Deviation from moral rectitude. ; forgetfulness. Shak. drachma, about two cents in value, or a
OBLI/QUE, +) L. obliquus ; Fr. ob- The oblivious calm of indifference. penny farthing sterling.
OBLI'KE, :G, obliike, Kener . J. M. Mason. OBO'VATE, a. In botany, inversely ovate;
1. Deviating from a right line; not direct; Behold the wonders of th’ oblivious lake. having the narrow end downward; as an
not perpendicular; not parallel; aslant. Pope. obovate leaf. Martyn.
It has a direction oblique to that of the for- 2. Forgetful. Cavendish. OBREP’TION, n. [L. obrepo; ob and repo,
mer motion. Cheyne. OB/LOCUTOR, n. A gainsayer. [Not in to creep.]
An oblique angle is either acute or ob- use. | Bull. The act of creeping ou with secrecy or by
tuse; any angle except a right one. OB/LONG, a. [Fr. from L. oblongus.] Long- surprise. Cudworth.
An oblique line is one that, falling on an- er than broad. Harris. OBREPTI’TIOUS, a. [supra.] Done or
other, makes oblique angles with it. OB/LONG, n. A figure or solid which is obtained by surprise ;with secrecy or by
Oblique planes, in dialing, are those longer than it is broad. concealment ofthe truth. Encye.
which decline from the zenith, or incline OB’/LONGISH, a. Somewhat oblong. OBSCE’NE, a. [Fr. from L. obscenus.] Of-
towards the horizon. OB’/LONGLY, a. In an oblong form. fensive to chastity and delicacy ; impure;
Oblique sailing, is when a ship sails up- Cheyne. expressing or presenting to the mind or
on some rhomb between the four cardinal OB/LONGNESS, n. The state of being view something which delicacy, purity
points, making an oblique angle with the longer than broad. and decency forbid to be exposed ; as ob-
meridian. Encyc. OBLONG-OVATE, a. In botany, between scene language ; obscene pictures.
2. Indirect; by a side glance; as an oblique oblong and ovate, but inclined to the lat- 2. Foul; filthy ; offensive ; disgusting.
hint. Shak. ter. Martyn. A girdle foul with grease binds his obscene
3. In grammar, an oblique case is any case OBLO/QUIOUS, a. [See Obloquy.] Contain-| attire. Dryden,
except the nominative. ing obloquy ; reproachful. [Little wsed.| 3. Inauspicious; ill omened.
OBLI QUELY, adv. Ina line deviating from Naunton. At the cheerful light,
aright line; not directly; not perpendic- OB’/LOQUY, n. [L. obloquor ; 0b and loquor,| The groaning ghosts and birds obscene take
ularly. to speak.] flight. Dryden.
Declining from the noon of day, 1. Censorious speech; reproachful language ; OBSCE/NELY, adv. In a manner offensive
The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray. language that casts contempt on men or to chastity or purity ; impurely ;unchaste-
Pope. their actions. ly. Milton.
 OBS OBS OBS
OBSCE/NENESS, L.| \OBSEU/RENESS,
(Fr. obscenité; [L. ebseuritas.} Dark- |OBSERV’ANCE, n. 9 asz. [Fr. See Ob-
OBSCEN'ITY, " obscenitas.) OBSCURITY, “ness; want of light. serve.|
We wait for light, but behold obscurity. Is. 1. The act of observing; the act of keeping
1. Impurity in expression or representation ;
that quality in words or things which pre- lix. or adhering to in practice; performauce;
sents what is offensive to chastity or pu- 2. A state of retirement from the world; a as the observance of rules, rites, ceremo-
rity of mind; ribaldry. f state of being unnoticed ; privacy. nies or laws.
Cowley asserts plainly that obscenity has no You are not for obscurity designed. Love rigid honesty,
place in wit. Dryden.
Dryden. And strict observance of impartial laws.
Those fables were tempered with the Italian 3. Darkness of meaning; unintelligibleness; Roscommon.
severity, and free from any note of infamy or as the obscurity of writings or of a par- 2. Respect; ceremonial reverence in prac-
obsceneness. : Dryden. ticular passage. tice.
No pardon vile obscenity should find. 4, Illegibleness; as the obscurity of letters or To do observance on the morn of May.
Pope. of an inscription. Shak.
2. Unchaste actions; lewdness. 5. A state of being unknown to fame ;hum- 3. Performance ofrites, religious ceremonies
To wash th’ obscenities of night away. ble condition ; as the obscurity of birth or or external service.
Dryden.
parentage. Some represent to themselves the whole of
OBS€EURA/TION, x. [L. obscuratio.] The OB/SEERATE, v. t. [L. obsecro.] To be-| religion as consisting in a few easy observances.
act of darkening. seech; to intreat; to supplicate; to pray; | Rogers.
2. The state of being darkened or obscured 5, earnestly. Cockeram. \4. Rule ofpractice ; thing to be observed.
as the obscuration of the moon in an OBSE€RA/TION, n. Intreaty; supplica- Shak.
eclipse. | tion. Stillingfleet.| 5. Observation; attention to. [Little used.]
OBSCURE, a. [L. obscurus; It. oscuro.) 2. A figure of rhetoric, in which the orator Hale.
1. Dark; destitute oflight. implores the assistance of God or man, \6. Obedient regard or attention.
Whoso curseth his father or mother, his lamp Encye. Having had experience ofhis fidelity and ob-
shall be put out in obsewre darkness. Proy. xx. OB/SEQUENT,a. [L. obsequens.| Obedi- servance abroad. [.Vot used.] Wotton.
2. Living in darkness ; as the obscure bird. ent; submissive to. [Little used.| OBSERVAND’A, n. plu. sasz. [L.] Things
Shak. Lotherby. | to be observed. Swift.
3. Not easily understood; not obviously in- OB/SEQUIES, n. plu. [Fr. obseques, from] OBSERV/ANT, a. s asz. Taking notice;
telligible ; abstruse ; as an obscure pass- L. obsequium, complaisance, from obsequor,| attentively viewing or noticing ; as an ob-
age in a writing. Dryden. to follow.] servant spectator or traveler.
4. Not much known or observed; retired; Funeral rites and solemnities; the last du- 2. Obedient; adhering to in practice ; with
remote from observation; as an obscure ties performed to a deceased person. ~ of. He is very observant of the rules ofhis
retreat. Dryden. order.
5. Not noted; unknown; unnoticed ; hum- {Milton uses the word in the singular, but We are told how observant Alexander was of
ble; mean; as an obscure person; a per- the common usage is different. } his master Aristotle. Dighy.
son of obscure birth. Atterbury. OBSE’QUIOUS, a. [from L. obsequium, 3. Carefully attentive ; submissive.
6. Not easily legible ;as an obscure inscrip- complaisance, from obsequor, to follow; Raleigh.
tion. oband sequor.|
7. Not clear, full or distinct ;imperfect; as 1. Promptly obedient or submissive to the, OBSERVANT, x. s as z. A slavish attend-
an obscure view of remote objects. | will of another; compliant; yielding to ant. [Not in use.] Shak.
OBSCURE, v. t. [L. obscuro.] To darken; 2. A diligent observer. Hooker.
the desires of others, properly to the will)
to make dark. ‘The shadow of the earth or command of a superior, but in actual) JOBSERVA’TION, n. s as z. [L. observatio.
obscures the moon, and the body of the’ use, it often signifies yielding to the willor, See Observe.}
moon obscures the sun, in an eclipse. desires of such as have no right to con- 1, The act of observing or taking notice;
2. To cloud; to make partially dark. Thick’ trol. the act of seeing or of fixing the mind on
clouds obscure the day. His servants weeping, any thing. We apply the word to sim-
3. To hide from the view ; as, clouds obscure) Obsequious to his orders, bear him hither. ple vision, as when one says, a spot on the
the sun. Addison.| sun’s disk did not fall under his observa-
4, To make less visible. | (2. Servilely or meanly condescending ;com-| tion; or to the notice or cognizance of
Why, ’tis an office of discovery, love, pliant to excess; as an obsequious flatterer, the mind, as when one says, the distine-
And I should be obscured. Shak.| minion or parasite. tion made by the orator escaped his obser-
5. To make less legible; as, time has ob-! (3. Funereal ; pertaining to funeral. rites. vation. When however it expresses vis-
scured the writing. ||| |Not used.| Shak. ion, it often represents a more fixed or
6. To make less intelligible. | OBSE’/QUIOUSLY, adv. With ready obe- particular view than a mere transient
There is scarce any duty which has been so | dience ; with prompt compliance. sight; as an astronomical observation.
obscured by the writings of the learned _ thle, They vise and with respectful awe, wo Notion gained by observing; the effect
Vake. At the word given, obsequiously withdraw.
7. To make less glorious, beautiful or illus- or result of seeing or taking cognizance in
Dryden. the mind, and either retained in the mind
trious. 2. With reverence for the dead. [.Vot used.| or expressed in words; inference or some-
—And see’st not sin obscures thy godlike! Shak.|
frame ? Dryden. thing arising out of the act of seeing or
OBSE’/QUIOUSNESS, x. Ready obedi- noticing, or that which is produced by
8. To conceal; to make unknown. Milton. ence ; prompt compliance with the orders
9. To tarnish; as, to obscure brightness.
thinking and reflecting on a subject ;note;
ofa superior. remark ; animadversion. We often say,
OBS€U’RELY, adv. Darkly; not clearly; 2. Servile submission; mean or excessive
I made the observation in my own mind ;
imperfectly ;as an object obscurely seen ; complaisance.
obscurely visible. but properly an observation is that which
They apply themselves both to his interest is expressed as the result of viewing or of
2. Out of sight; in a state not to he noticed; and humor, with all the arts of flattery and ob- thinking.
privately ;in retirement; not conspicu- sequiousness. South.
In matters of human prudence, we shall find
ously. OBSERV’ABLE, a. sas z. [See Observe.] the greatest advantage by making wise obser-
There live retired, ‘1. That may be observed or noticed. vations on our conduct. Watts.
Content thyself to be obscurely good. 2. Worthy of observation or of particular 3. Observance ; adherence to in practice;
Addison. notice ; remarkable.
3. Not clearly; not plainly to the mind; I took a just account of every observable cir-
performance of what is prescribed.
darkly ; as future events obscurely re- cumstance of the earth, stone, metal or other He freed the christian church from the ex-
vealed. matter. Woodward. ternal observation and obedience of legal pre-
4, Not plainly ; indirectly ;by hints or allu- OBSERV/ABLY, adv. s as z. In a manner cepts not formally moral. White.
sion. worthy of note. Brown. 4. In navigation, the taking of the altitude
 OBS OBS OBS
ef the sun or a star in order to find the lat- |3. Keeping; adhering to in practice ; fulfill-| 2. The office of amidwife. Hail.
itude. Encyc. ing. } OBSTETRICIAN, z. One skilled in the
OBSERVA’TOR, n. 8 as z. [Fr. observateur. | 4. a. Giving particular attention; habitually, art of assisting women in parturition.
1. One that observes or takes notice. Hale. taking notice ; attentive to what passes. Med. Repos.
2. A remarker. Dryden. He is an observing man. OBSTET’RI€S, n. The art of assisting
OBSERV/ATORY, x. s as z. [Fr. observa- OBSERV/INGLY, adv. s asz. Attentively; women in parturition ; midwifery. Encyc.
toire. carefully ; with close observation. Shak. OB/STINACY, n. [L. obstinatio, from ob-
A sis or building for making observations OBSESS, v. t. [L. obsideo, obsessus ; ob and he stand against, to oppose; ob and
on the heavenly bodies ; as the royal ob- sedeo, to sit.] To besiege. [ot used.] sto.
servatory at Greenwich. Elyot. . A fixedness in opinion or resolution that
OBSERVE, v. t. obzerv’. [L. observo ; ob and OBSESSION, n. [L. obsessio.] The act of cannot be shaken at all, or not without
servo, to keep or hold. The sense is to besieging ; the first attack of Satan ante- great difficulty; firm and usually un-
hold in view, or to keep the eyes on. See; cedent to possession. [Little used.} | reasonable adherence to an opinion, pur-
Class Sr. No. 34. 38. 45. and Class Dr.}} Burton. pose or system ; a fixedness that will not
No. 32.] OBSID/IAN, n. A mineral of two kinds,) yield to persuasion, arguments or other
. To see or behold with some attention; translucent and transparent. The trans-| means. Obstinacy may not always convey
to notice; as, to observe a halo round the lucent has a velvet black color ; the trans-) the idea of unreasonable or unjustifiable
moon; I observed a singular phenomenon; parent is of a dark blue. These occur firmness ;as when we say, soldiers fight
we observe strangers or their dress. I massive in porphyry, gneiss or granite, with obstinacy. But often, and perhaps
saw the figure, but observed nothing pecul- generally invested with a gray opake! usually, the word denotes a fixedness of
jar in it. crust. Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure. Kirwan.| resolution which is not to be vindicated
2. To take notice or cognizance of by the in- The fracture of obsidian is vitreous or under the circumstances ; stubbornness :
tellect. We observe nice distinctions in pearly ; hence the two varieties, vitreous pertinacity ; persistency. ;
arguments, or a peculiar delicacy of obsidian and pearlstone. Jameson. 2. Fixedness that will not yield to applica-
thought. OBSID‘IONAL, a. [L. obsidionalis ;0b and tion, or that yields with difficulty ; as the
3. To utter or express, as a remark, opinion sedeo, to sit.| Pertaining to a siege. Brown. obstinacy ofa disease or evil.
or sentiment; to remark. He observed OB/SIGNATE, v. t. [L. obsigno; ob and) OB'/STINATE, a. [L. obstinatus.] Stub-
that no man appears great to his domes- signo, to seal.] To seal up; to ratify. [Lit- born ; pertinaciously adhering to an opin-
ties. tle used.} Barrow. ion or purpose ; fixed firmly in resolution;
. To keep religiously ; to celebrate. OBSIGNA/TION, n. The act of sealing ;) not yielding to reason, arguments or other
A night to be much observed to the Lord. ratification by sealing ; confirmation. means.
Ex. xii. Taylor. I have known great cures done by obstinate
Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened OBSIG/NATORY, a. Ratifying ; confirm- resolutions of drinking no wine. Temple.
bread. Ex. xii. ing by sealing. Ward. No ass so meek, noass so obstinate. Pope.
Ye observe days, and months, and times, and OBSOLES/CENT, a. [L. obsolesco, to go) 2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or re-
years. Gal. iv. out of use. | moved ; as an obstinate fever ; obstinate
5. To keep or adhere to in practice; to Going out of use ; passing into desuetude. obstructions ; an obstinate cough.
comply with ; to obey; as, to observe the All the words compounded of here and a OB/STINATELY, adv. Stubbornly ; per-
laws ofthe state ; to observe the rules and preposition, except hereafter, are obsolete or; tinaciously ; with fixedness of purpose
regulations of a society. obsolescent. Campbell. not to be shaken, or not without difficulty;
Teaching them to observe all things whatso- OBSOLE’TE, a. [L. obsoletus.} Gone into as a sinner obstinately bent on his own
ever | have commanded you. Matt. xxviii. disuse ; disused ; neglected; as an obso-| destruction.
6. To practice. lete word ; an obsolete statuie ; applied! Inflexible to ill and obstinately just.
In the days of Enoch, the people observed chiefly to words or writings. Addison.
not circumcision or the sabbath. White. Dryden. Swift. OB/STINATENESS, 2. Stubbornness ;
OBSERVE, v. t. obzerv’. To remark. I 2. In botany, obscure ; not very distinct. pertinacity in opinion or purpose; fixed
have heard the gentleman’s arguments,, Eaton. determination. Hail.
and shall hereafter observe upon them. OBSOLE’TENESS, n. The state of being OBSTIPA/TION, n. [L. obstipo ; ob and
2. To be attentive. neglected in use ; a state of desuetude. stipo, to crowd,
Johnson. 1. The act of stopping up ; asa passage.
OBSERV’ED, pp. sasz. Noticed by the 2. In medicine, costiveness.
eye or the mind. 2. In botany, indistinctness.
2, Kept religiously ; celebrated ; practiced. OB/STACLE, n. [Fr. from L. obsto, to OBSTREP’EROUS, a. [L. obstreperus,
OBSERV’ER, n. sas z. One who observes;| withstand ; ob and sto.) from obstrepo, to roar ; ob and Bot
one that takes notice ; particularly, one That which opposes ; any thing that stands Loud ; noisy ; clamorous ; vociferous ; ma-
who looks to with care, attention or vigil- in the way and hinders progress ; hin- king a tumultuous noise.
ance. derance ; obstruction, either in a physical) The players do not only connive at his ob-
Careful observers may foretell the hour, or moral sense. An army may meet with) streperous approbation, but repair at their own
By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower.| obstacles on its march ; bad roads are ob- cost whatever damages he makes. Addison.
Swift. stacles to traveling ; prejudice is an obsta- OBSTREP/EROUSLY, adv. Loudly ; clam-
Creditors are great observers of set days and) cle to improvement ; want of union is of- orously ; with tumultuous noise.
times, Franklin. ten an insuperable obstacle to beneficial, OBSTREP’EROUSNESS, n. Loudness;
2. A beholder ; a looker on ; a spectator. measures. clamor ; noisy turbulence.
South. OB/STANCY, n. [L. obstantia ; ob and sto.] OBSTRIC’TION, n. [L. obstrictus, obstrin-
3. One who keeps any law, custom, regula- Opposition ; impediment ; obstruction. go; ob and stringo, to strain.]
tion or rite; one who adheres to any!| [Vot used.] B. Jonson. Obligation ; bond. Milton.
thing in practice ;one who performs; as' OBSTET’RIE, a. [L. obstetrixz, a midwife ; OBSTRUCT’, v. ¢. [L. obstruo ; ob and
a great observer of forms ; an observer of ob and sto, to stand before.] struo, to set.]
old customs. Bacon. Pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of) 1. To block up; to stop up or close;as a
4. One who fulfills or performs; as, he is a women in childbed ; as the obstetric art. Way or passage ; to fill with obstacles or
strict observer of his word or promise. | OBSTET’RICATE, v. i. [See Obstetric.] impediments that prevent passing; as, to
Prior. To perform the office of amidwife. [Little obstruct a road, highway or channel ; to ob-
5. One who keeps religiously ; as an observ- used. | Evelyn. struct the canals or fine vessels of the body.
er of the sabbath. Atterbury. OBSTET’RICATE, v. ft. To assist as aj . To stop ; to impede ; to hinder in pass-
OBSERV'ING, ppr. s as z. Taking notice} midwife. [Lattle used.] Waterhouse.| ing ; as, the bar at the mouth of the river
by the eye or the intellect. |OBSTETRI€A/TION, n. The act of as-| obstructs the entrance of ships ; clouds ob-
2, Remarking. sisting as a midwife. struct the light of the sun.
 OBT OB T OBV
3. To retard ; to interrupt ; to render
slow. The general laws of fluidity, elasticity and)'To
Progress is often obstructed by difficulties,) deprive ofa limb ; tolop. [Little used.
gravity, ob¢ain in animal and inanimate tubes.
though not i
entirely st d. Cockeram.
OBSTRUCTED. ait é Cheyne. OBTRUNCA’TION , n. 2. Th
pp. ‘Blocked up ; stop- 3. To prevail ; to succeed. Theact t of of lopping
loppins
[Little used.| or cutting off. [Little used. | Cockeram.
2 Ptinired Sridpedeae as progress. OBTA‘INABLE, a. That may be obiained | OBTRU'S
3. Retarded ; interrupted.
SM
ION, ae
oprHee Ry,INED,
epee wi
he erpeared,
CFE eee ETP
mp. GulloFgaingochet
*"Ketdewett |Pee 2°? forceoe3 & thrusting upon
t) by fone ortoned oth- en
OBSTRUC'TION, n. [L.
Sto OUTA'INER, n. One who obtains.
obstructio.] The resis | thinupon
g ether. spewed80 obtrude any
ppr. Gaining ; procuring; pasta one'sself among others, or to en-

2 SiaLait any ng. nN,» Mh cofct | Ae

sand at the
fractions mouths of
to navigatio nrivers are often ob-|, _ literally, »to vt [L. obtendo ; ob and tendo ;OBTRU'SIVELY,
it
adv.
si dues : My ech Shs
stretch against or before. |
1. To oppose ; to hold out in o osition. sion or thrusting upon By way of obtru-
others, or entering
3. That which eae progress secr unsolicited. :
e. Y e
Disunion and party spirit are often Dryden.|
geacnons to legislative measures and ob- 2. To pretend ; to offer as the reason of any||_OBTUND,, v. t. [L. obtundo ;ob and tundo,
to thing. [Not used.] to beat.
Dryden.|'To dull; to blunt ;to quell; to deaden
4. iniM SBECH tees ; to
OBSTRU ee) Erciohetrickh Shak.|! Ape
3 4 ‘| OBTENE word is rarely used.]
BRA‘TION, n. [from L. ob and|) tion reduce the edge, pungency or violent ac-
osstruttivo.| » @ [Fr. obstructif ; It. tenebre, darkness. of any thing; as, to obtund the acri-
P ingobstacles ;hindering ; causing|4 darkenin | ; | mony of the gall.
g; act of darkening; darkness. |OBTURA/ Harvey.
resenting _obstacZ oO. TION, n. [L. obturatus, from ob-
impediment. ene In every megrim or vertigo there is an
Hammond.| obten- | turo, to stop up.]
OBSTRUET'IVE, ebration joined with a semblance of turning}'T
n. Obstacle ; impedi-| round. [Little used.] he act of stopping by spreading over or
ment. [Little used.] Hammond.|OBTEN’SION, n. The act of Bacon. covering. re
OB'STRUENT, a. [L obstruens.] Blocking| obtending./ OB’ TURATOR. n. In anatomy, s
[Wot used.] the obtura-
up ; hindering. OBTEST’ | tors are muscles which rise from the outer
OB/STRUENT, n. Any thing that obstructs||_ , v. t. [L. obtestor ;ob and .testor,|’ and inner side of the pelvis around the fora-
the natural passages in the body. to witness.] To beseech ; to supplicate. | men thyroideum,
Obtest his clemency. and are rotators of the
5
Quincy. (OBTEST’ , 2 v. i. To protest. Dryden. thigh. Wistar. Coxe.
|) Waterhouse.||
OBSTUPEFA€'TION, n. [L. obstupef p
acio.]|OBTESTA’TION, x. Supplicat As. OBTUSA F NG’ULA
R, a. [obtuse and an-
The act of makingg stupid or insensible,.|_
treaty.
ion ; en. gular.] :
[See Stupefaction, which Pis generally ne . Elyot. Havingcy ‘angles that are obtuse,
OPSTUPEPAC'TIVE, a. [L. obstupefacused. ]Ore ey retions B Hadets rie than rights angles.
io.]| 0BEPSTING, ppr. Beseeching ; suppli-
or larger
s
EEE
To th ee See tite
at pe iaHL eetahabi
Stupefying ; rendering insensible, torpid
i = OBTREe sebyto
a
Uri om fia orate Ap
T A/TION, n. [L. obtrectatio, from||,
, - (L. 2&@t against.
1. Blunt; acute.
OBTAIN, v. £. [Le tabtineos oh aad ienco,
“ t0isSlander ;
5 detraction
oe ; calumny.7 3
[Little Bo
used. | a right angle, or more bs
than 3
hold ; Fr. obtenir ; It. ottenere. | ninety de-
1. To get; to gain ; to procure ; ina : fene- OBTRU'DE, v.t.[L. obtrudo; oband trudo|lo rees.
ral sense, to gain possession of a things! ae i thrust [L. obtrudo ; ob and trudo, 2. &Dull; not having
Barrow.
F acute sensibility
ibility:;as
To thrust in or on; to throw, crowd or
whether SOMPOEArY, or. permanent j tO ac"! obtuse senses. Milton.
auc: This word usually implies exertion | thrust into any place or state by force or Re plane
r or shrill; dull; obscure ; as
to get possession, and in this it differs from) imposition, or without solicitation. Men ‘OBTU/SELY. adv. Without a sharp
receive, which may or may not imply ex- obtrude their vain speculations upon thel9 point
wassld *. pully stu): Jie
Dully; stupidly. pad
ertion. It differs from acquire, as genus|| ea
Foe <= X
A cause
from species Foner | of common error is the credulity (OB TU‘SENESS, n. Bluntness ; as the
; acquire being
plied only to things permanentproperly ap men, thatoa is, an easy assent to what is: obtrud-of tuseness F ob-
ly possess-|) gq. seness. of
Obani an edge,
edy ora:‘
point ;
ed ; but obtain is applied both to things of Brown,|?: Dullness ; want of quick sensibility ;as
temporary and of permanent possession.| The objects of our senses odtrude their partie-||_
| the obtuseness of the senses,
We obtain loans of money on application ;|_—_ ular ideas upon our minds, whether we will or| 3
Dullness of sound.
we obtain answers to letters; we obtain||2. not. To offer
Locke. OBTU’SION, n. s as z. The act of making 2
spirit from liquors by distillation and salts||_ with unreasonable importunity ;|_ blunt.
to urge upon against the will. ;
by evaporation. We obtain by seeking ; Why shouldst thou then obtrude this _ | 2 The state of being dulled or blunted ; as
we often receive without seeking. dili-|| the obtusion of the senses.
acquire or obtain a good title to We _ gence .
lands by In vain, where no acceptance OBUM’BRATE, v. t. [L. obumbro ; ob and
deed, or by a judgment of court; but it can find? | umbra, a shade. ]
wel 2
do not acquire spirit by distillation ; nor Milton. To shade ; tu darken; to cloud.
do |2e obtrude [Little
we acquire an answer to a letter or’ is Z one’s rrself, . to enter a place where} used.
plication : an ap- Gnireine
7 2, y ] Howell.
ee y Vesired or against
5 to thrust one’s self au OBUMBRA’TI
the will of the ON, n. The act of‘J darken-
He shall obtain com- Gane cheerin g: phere
bana
the ki
govtin the kingdom by flatteriesies. || 7° id Bat
OBTRU'DE, Pa em | f N,
v. 7. To enter when not invit-|| jo, to come.] 4
7. - Obvenio ; ob and ven-
_ In whom we have obtained an inheritance [ :
Eph. i. .|| ed.
2. To thrust or be thrust upon. Something occasional ; that which
2. To keep; to hold. happens
Milton.|
OBTRU'DED, pp. Thrust in by force or not regularly, but incidentally. [Vot
OBTAIN, v.7. To be received in used.]
custom- unsolicited. i Spenser.
ary or common use ; to continue JOBVERS’ANT, a. [L. obversans,
in use ; OBTRU'DER, n. One who obtrudes. obversor ;
to be established in practice. ob and versor, to turn.] Conversant ; fa-
The Theodosian code, several hundred years OBTRU'L DING,SG, | ppr. Boyle.|| miliar. [Not used.]
after Justinian’s time, obtained in the Thrusting in or on |OBVERSE, a. obvers’. Bacon.
parts of the empire. Western)! entering uninvited. In botany, having
Baker.|OBTRUN’€ATE, v. t. [L. obtrunco the base narrower than the top;
asa
2. To be established ; to subsist in nature. 3 oband OB’VERSE, n. The leaf.
face of a coin ; oppos-
trunco, to cut off.]
ed to reverse.
 Occ Occ OCC
OBVERT’, v.t. [L. obverto ; ob and verto, duce. ‘The expectation of war occasions O€€LU'SION, n. sas z. [L. occlusio.] A
to turn.] To turn towards. Watts. a depression in the price of stocks. Con- shutting up; a closing. Howell.
OBVERTED, pp. Turned towards. sumptions are often occasioned by colds. ae is an elegant word, though little
OBVERT'ING, ppr. Turning towards. Indigestion occasions pain in the head. used.
OBVIATE, v. t. [Fr. obvier; It. ovviare; Heat occasions lassitude. O€CULT’, a. [L. occultus, occulo; ob and
Sp. obviar ; from L. obvius; 0b and via, 2. To influence ; to cause. celo, to conceal. }
way.] Ifwe inquire what it is that occasions men to Hidden from the eye or understanding ; in-
Properly, to meet in the way: to oppose; make several combinations of simple ideas into visible ;secret; unknown ; undiscovered;
distinct modes— Locke. undetected ; as the occult qualities of mat-
hence, to prevent by interception, or to re-
move at the beginning or in the outset;
O€eA/SIONABLE, a. sasz. That may be ter. Newton.
hence in present usage, to remove in gen- caused or occasioned. [Little used.] The occult sciences are magic, necro-
Barrow. mancy, &c.
eral, as difficulties or objections; to clear
the way of obstacles in reasoning, deliber- O€€A/SIONAL, a. sas =. [Fr. occasionnel.] Occult lines, in geometry, are such as
1. Incidental; casual; occurring at times, are drawn with the compasses or a pencil,
ating or planning.
To lay down every thing in its full light, so but not regular or systematic; made or and are scarcely visible. Encye.
as to obviate all exceptions. Woodward. happening as opportunity requires or ad- O€€ULTA’TION, xn. [L. occultatio.] A
OB'/VIATED, pp. Removed, as objections mits. We make occasional remarks on hiding ; also, the time a star or planet is
or difficulties. the events of the age. hid from our sight, when eclipsed by the
OBVIATING, ppr. Removing, as objec- 2. Produced by accident ; as the occasional interposition of the body of a planet.
tions in reasoning or planning. origin ofa thing. Brown. Encye.
OB/VIOUS, a. [L. obvius. See the Verb.] 3. Produced or made on some special event ; 2. In astronomy, the hiding of a star or plan-
1. Meeting ; opposed in front. as an occasional discourse. et from our sight, by passing behind some
Ito the evil turn O€€A'SIONALLY, adv. sas z. According other of the heavenly bodies.
My obvious breast. [JVot now used.] to incidental exigeuce; at times, as_con- O€€ULT’ED, a. Hid; secret. [Not used.}
Milton. venience requires or opportunity offers; Shak
2. Open; exposed. [Little used.] _ Milton. not regularly. He was occasionally present O€CULT'NESS, n. The state of being con-
3. Plain; evident; easily discovered, seen or at our meetings. We have occasionally cealed from view ; secretness.
understood ; readily perceived by the eye lent our aid. O€/CUPANCY, n. [L. occupo, to take or
or the intellect. We say, a phenomenon OC€A/SIONED, pp. sas z. Caused inci- seize ; ob and capto, to seize.]
obvious to the sight, or a truth obvious to dentally ;caused ; produced. 1. The act of taking possession.
the mind. Milton. Dryden. OccA/SIONER, n. s as z. One that causes 2. In law, the taking possession of a thing
OBVIOUSLY, adv. Evidently ; plainly ; or produces, either incidentally or other- not belonging to any person. The person
apparently ;manifestly. Men do not al- wise. who first takes possession of land is said
ways pursue what is obviously their inter- He was the occasioner of loss to his neigh- to have or hold it by right of occupancy.
est. bor. Sanderson. Occupancy gave the original right to the
2. Naturally. Holyday. OC€A/SIONING, ppr. s as z. Causing in- property in the substance of the earth itself.
8. Easily to be found. Selden. cidentally or otherwise. Blackstone.
OB’VIOUSNESS, n. State of being plain or O€€A'SIVE, a. Falling ;descending ; west- O€’CUPANT, n. He that occupies or takes
evident to the eye or the mind. Boyle. ern; pertaining to the setting sun. possession ; he that has possession.
OB‘ VOLUTE, LL. obvolutus, obvolvo; Amplitude is ortive or occasive. Encyc. 3. In law, one that first takes possession of
Ob VOLUTED, § ob and volvo, to roll.] O€CECA'TION, n. [L. occwcatio; ob and) that which has no legal owner. The right
In botany, obvolute foliation is when the cco, to blind.| of property, either in wild beasts and
margins ofthe leaves alternately embrace The act of making blind. [Little used.] fowls, or in land belonging to no person,
the straight margin of the opposite leaf. Sanderson. vestsin the first occupant. The property
Martyn. O€'CIDENT, n. [L. occidens, occido, to fall; in these cases follows the possession.
O€€A/SION, n. sasz. [L. occasio, from ob and cado.| Oe’CUPATE, v.t. [L. occupo.] To hold;
occido, to fall; ob and cado.] The west; the western quarter of the hem- to possess ; to take up. [Vol used.]
1. Properly, a falling, happening or coming isphere ; so called from the decline or fall Bacon.
to; an occurrence, casualty, incident; of the sun. Encye.| OcCcUPA'TION, n. [L. oceupatio.] The act
something distinct from the ordinary O€CIDENT‘AL, a. [L. occidentalis.| West- of taking possession. Bacon.
course or regular order of things. Hooker. ern; opposed to oriental; pertaining to 2. Possession; a holding or keeping; ten-
2. Opportunity ; convenience ; favorable the western quarter of the hemisphere, or ure; use; as lands in the occupation of
time, season or circumstances. to some part of the earth westward of the!
Pll take th’ occasion which he gives to speaker or spectator; as occidental cli- 3. That which engages the time and atten-
bring mates ; occidental pearl; occidental gold. tion; employment; business. He devotes
Him to his death. Waller. Encyc. Howell. to study all the time that his other occupa-
Use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh. O€CID'UOUS, a. [L. occido, occiduus.] tions will permit.
Gal. v. Western. [Little used.] 4. The principal business of one’s life; vo-
Sin taking occasion by the commandment, de- OC€CCIPITAL, a. [from L. occiput, the
ceived me. Rom. vii. cation ; calling ; trade ;the business which
back part of the head ; eb and caput. a man follows to procure a living or ob-
3. Accidental cause ; incident, event or Pertaining to the back part of the head,or to tain wealth. Agriculture, manufactures
fact giving rise to something else. What the occiput. and commerce furnish the most general
was the occasion of this custom ? Oc/CIPUT, n. [L ob and caput, head.] occupakions of life. Painting, statuary,
Her beauty was the occasion of the war. The hinder part of the head, or that part
Dryden. music, are agreeable occupations. Men
of the skull which forms the bind part of; notengaged in some useful occupation com-
4. Incidental need; casual exigency ; op- the head. monly fall into vicious courses.
portunity accompanied with need or de- OCCIS'ION, n. s as z. [L. occisio, from oc- O€/CUPIER, n. One that occupies or takes
mand. So we say, we have occasion for cido, to kill; 0b and cedo.]} possession. Raleigh.
all our resources. We have frequent oc- A killing; the act of killing. [/Vot ada 2. One who holds possession.
casions for assisting each other. a Ul.||3. One who follows an employment. Ezek.
The ancient canons were well fitted for the O€€LU'DE, v. t. [L. occludo ; ob and cludo,
occasion of the church in its purer ages. XXVil.
Baker. claudo, to shut.] O€'CUPY, v. t. [L. oecupo ; ob and capto, to
My occasions have found time to use them 'To shut up; to close. [Little used.] seize or take.]
toward a supply of money. Shak. Brown. 1. To take possession. The person who
O€E€A'SION, v. t. (Fr. occasionner.] To JOCCLU/SE, a. [L. ocelusus.] Shut; closed. first occupies land which has no owner, has
cause incidentally ; to cause ; to pro- | [Little used.) Holder. the right of property.
 OCE OreeT OCT
2. To keep in possession ; to possess; to supposes it to be derived from the Heb. O€TAN'DER, xn. [Gr. oxz, eight, and avxp,
hold or keep for use. The tenant occupres Ch. Syr. 1)n hog, to encompass, whence a amale.] In botany,a plant having eight
a farm under a lease of twenty one years. circle. This is probably an error. The stamens.
A lodger occupies an apartment; a man word seems to have for its origin great- OCTAN’DRIAN, a. Having eight stamens.
occupies the chair in which he sits. ness or extent.] O€TAN’GULAR, a. [L. octo, eight, and
3. To take up; to possess; to cover or fill. . The vast body of water which covers angular.| Having eight angles.
more than three fifths of the surface of the O€’TANT, n. [L. octans, an eighth part,
The camp occupies five acres of ground.
Air may be so rarefied as to occupy a vast globe, called also the sea, or greatsea. It from octo, eight.]
space. The writing occupes a sheet of is customary to speak of the ocean asi In astronomy, that aspect of two planets in
paper, or it occupies five lines only. divided into three parts, the Atlantic which they are distant from each other
4, To employ; to use. j ocean, the Pacific ocean, and the Indian the eighth part of a circle or 45°.
The archbishop may have occasion to occu- ocean; but the ocean is one mass or body, Encyc.
py more chaplains than six. Eng. Statute. partially separated by the continents o Oc'TAVE, a. [infra.| Denoting eight.
5. To employ; to busy one’s self. Every)! Europe, Asia and Africa on one side, and en.
man should be occuged, or should occupy by America on the other. \Oc/TAVE, n. [Fr. from L. octavus, eighth.]
himself, in some useful labor. 2. An immense expanse ; as the boundless 1. The eighth day after a festival. Johnson.
6. To follow, as business. ocean of eternity ; oceans of duration and 2. Hight days together after a festival.
All the ships of the sea with their mariners space. Locke. Ainsworth.
were in thee to occupy thy merchandise. OCEAN, a. o’shun. Pertaining to the main 3. In music, an eighth, or an interval of
Ezek. xxvii. or great sea; as the ocean wave; ocean seven degrees or twelve semitones. ‘The
7. Touse; to expend. stream. Milton.
All the gold that was occupied for the work— octave is the most perfect of the chords,
OCEANIE, a. oshean’ic. Pertaining to the; consisting of six full tones and two semi-
Ex. xxxvili. [JVot now in use.] ocean. Cook.
O€’CUPY, v. i. To follow business; to ne- tones major. It contains the whole dia-
gotiate. O'CELLATED, a. fL. ocellatus, from ocel- tonic scale. Encyc.
Occupy tillI come. Luke xix. lus, a little eye.] O€TA’VO, n. [L. octavus, eighth.] A book in
O€c'CUPYING, ppr. Taking or keeping 1. Resembling an eye. Derham. which a sheet is folded into eight leaves.
possession ;employing. 2. Formed with the figures oflittle eyes. The word is used-as a noun or an adjec-
OCEUR,, v. i. [L. occurro; ob and curro, to O'CELOT, n. The Mexican panther. tive. We say, an ocfavo, or an octavo
run.] O’CHER, n. [Fr.ocre; L. ochra ; Gr. wxpa, volume. The true phrase is, a book in oc-
1. Primarily, to meet; to strike against; to from wxpos, pale.] tavo.
clash ; and so used by Bentley, but this ap- A variety of clay deeply colored by the oxyd O€TEN’NIAL, a. [L. octo, eight, and an-
plication is obsolete. of iron. Its most common colors are red, nus, year.]
3=“ To meet or come to the mind ; to be pre- yellow and brown. It is used as a pig- 1. Happening every eighth year.
sented to the mind, imagination or memo- ment. 2. Lasting eight years.
ry. We say, no better plan occurs to me O/€HEROUS, «a. Consisting of ocher; as O€’TILE, n. The same as octant, supra.
or to my mind ; it does not occur to my re- ocherous matter. OcTO'BER, 2. [L. from octo, eighth; the
collection; the thought did not occur to 2. Resembling ocher; as an ocherous color. eighth month of the primitive Roman year
me. OCH IMY, x. {eorrupted from alchimy.] which began in March.]
There doth not occur to me any use of this A mixed base metal. Johnson. Todd. The tenth month of the year in our calen-
experiment for profit. Bacon. O€HLO€’RACY, n. [Gr. oxroxparca; oxd0s, dar, which follows that of Numa and
. To appear ; to meet the eye; to be found | the people or a multitude, and xparea, to Julius Cesar.
here and there. This word occurs in | govern.] O€TODEC IMAL, a. [L. octo, eight, and
twenty places inthe Scriptures; the oth- A form of government in which the multi- decem, ten.]
er word does not occur in a single place; tude or common people rule. Iu crystalography, designating a crystal
it does not occur in the sense suggested. Encyec. Jones.
whose prisms, or the middle part, has
4. To oppose; to obviate. [Vot used.] O’/CHREY, a. Partaking of ocher. [Not
eight faces, and the two summits together
Bentley. used. | Woodward.
ten faces.
OC€UR/RENCE, n. [Fr.] Literally, acom- \O€H’ROITS, n. Cerite. JOCTODEN’TATE, a. [L. octo, eight, and
ing or happening; hence, any incident or \O‘CRA, x. A viscous vegetable substance dentatus, toothed.] Having eight teeth.
accidental event; that which happens in the W. Indies, used in soups, &c. O€’TOFID, a. [L. octo, eight, and findo, to
without being designed or expected; any Encyc. cleave.]
single event. We speak of an unusual oes It is obtained by boiling the green pods \In botany, cleft or separated into eight seg-
currence, or of the ordinary occurrences o of the Hibiscus esculentus. Also, the name ments ; as a calyx. Martyn.
life. of the plant itself. \O€/TOGENARY, a. [L. octogenarius, from
2. Occasional presentation. O€/TACHORD, xn. An instrument or sys- octogeni, eighty.] Of eighty years of age.
Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual oc- tem of eight sounds. Busby. O€’TOGENARY, n. A person eighty years
currence and expectation of something new. O¢€’TAGON, n. [Gr. oxra, eight, and yar, of age. J. Adams.
Watts. angle.] OCTOLO€'ULAR, a. [L. octo, eight, and
O€CUR/RENT, n. Incident ; any thing that 1. In geometry, a figure of eight sides and locus, place.] In botany, having eight cells
happeus. Obs. Bacon. eight angles. When the sides and angles for seeds.
O€CcUR’'SION, x. [L. occursio, from occurro, are equal, it is aregular octagon which may \O€/TONARY, a. [L. octonarius.] Belong-
to meet.] A meeting of bodies ; a clash.|| be inscribed in a circle. Harris. Encyc. ing to the number eight.
Boyle. 2. In fortification, a place with eight bastions. O€TONOC'ULAR, a. [L. octo, eight, and
OCEAN, n. o/shun. [L. oceanus; Gr. oxea-|| Encye. oculus, eye.| Having eight eyes.
vos; Fr. ocean; Ir. ocein, aigein ;W. et- '\O€TAG/ONAL, a. Having eight sides and Derham.
lawn, aig or eigion. In Welsh, the word|| eight angles. O€TOPET’ALOUS, a. [Gr. oxrw, eight,
is rendered the great source, the middle, OCTAHE’DRAL, a. [See Octahedron.} and xeranov, a.petal.]| Having eight petals
the abyss or great deep, and is allied in) | Having eight equal sides. or flower-leaves. Dict.
orthography to eigian, force, or a forcing OCTAHE'DRITE, n. Pyramidical ore o jO€CTORA'DIATED, a. [L. octo, eight, and
out, a producing ; eigiaw, to bring forth, titanium. Ure. radius, ray.) Having eight rays.
from aig, what brings forth, the female, OCTAHE’DRON, vn. [Gr. oxza, eight. and \OCTOSPERM’OUS, a. [Gr. oxza, eight,
the womb, the sea, a shoal of fishes, a | #6pa, a base.} and omepua, seed.] Containing eight
flock orherd. Bochart cites many author-), In geometry, a solid contained by eight equal | seeds.
ities to prove that the ancients understood and equilateral triangles. It is one of the O¢'TOSTYLE, xn. [Gr. oxza, eight, and
the ocean to encompass the earth, and he five regular bodies. Encye. svaos, style.]
Vol. IL fa)
Cd
 oDD oDI OF
In ancient architecture, the face of an edifice not likely to answer the purpose. This is O/DIOUSLY,
adv. Hatefully; ina manner
adorned with eight columns, ora range 0 an odd way ofdoing things. to deserve or excite hatred. Milton.
eight columns. Encye. Locke’s Essay would be an odd book for a 2. Invidiously ;so as to cause hate.
man to make himself master of, who would get! Dryden.
OcTOSYL’/LABLE, a. [L. octo, eight, and
syllaba, syllable.] Consisting of eight syl- a reputation by his critical writings. O’DIOUSNESS, n. Hatefulness ; the quali-
Spectator. ty that deserves or may excite hatred; as
lables. 7. Separate from that which is regularly oc- the odiousness of sin. Wake.
Oc€’TUPLE, a. [L. octuplus ; octo, eight, and cupied; remaining unemployed. I will 2. The state of being hated. [.Vot usual.]
plico, to fold.] _Eight-fold. ict. take some odd time to do this business. Sidney.
O€/ULAR, a. [Fr. oculaire; L. ocularius, He may do it at odd times. O’DIUM, n. [L.] Hatred; dislike. This
from oculus, eye.] ODDITY, n. Singularity; strangeness; as measure brought a general odiwm on his
Depending on the eye; known by the eye ; the oddity of dress, manners or shape;
received by actual sight; as ocular proof; government.
oddity of appearance. |2. The quality that provokes hatred ; offens-
ocular demonstration or evidence. 2. A singular person ; in colloquial language.
Oc/ULARLY, adv. By the eye, sight or ac- iveness.
This man is an oddity. She threw the odium of the fact on me.
tual view. Brown. ODD'LY, adv. Not evenly. [Little used.| Dryden.
OC/ULATE, a. [L. oculatus.) Furnished 2. Strangely ;unusually ; irregularly; sip- ODONTAL/GIE€, a. [Gr. odovs, a tooth, and
with eyes; knowing by theeye. Johnson. gularly; uncouthly; as oddly dressed ; anyos, pain.|
Oc/ULIFORM, a. [L. oculus, eye, and oddly formed. Pertaining to the tooth-ache.
forma, form.] A figure oddly turned. Locke.}) ape rae at a n. A remedy for the tooth-
In the form of an eye; resembling the eye A black substance lying on the ground very)| ache.
in form; as an oculiform pebble. oddly shaped. Swift
Fourcroy. ODD’/NESS, n. The state of being not even. OD ONT
O'DOR, BE
n. [L.] tatu mane,
GN) Smell; scent; fragrance ;
OCULIST, n. [from L. oculus, the eye.] 2. Singularity ; strangeness; particularity ; a sweet or an offensive smell ; perfume.
One skilled in diseases of the eyes, or one irregularity ;uncouthness; as the oddness Bacon. Addison.
who professes to cure them. of dress or shape; the oddness of an event) O'DORAMENT, n. [L. odoramentum.| A
Oculus beli, a semi-pellucid gem, a variety 0 or accident. Dryden. Swift. verfume; a strong scent. Burton.
agate of a grayish white color, variegated ODDS, n. sas z. [It is used both in the sm-/Q/YMORATE, a. [L. odoratus.| Scented;
with yellow, and with a black central nu- gular and plural.] having a strong scent, fetid or fragrant.
cleus. Its variegations resemble the pu- 1. Inequality; excess of either compared Bacon.
pil and iris of the eye. Encye. with the other; difference in favor of one '(O‘DORATING, a. Diffusing odor or scent;
Oculus cati, cat’s eye or asteria, a beautiful and against another. fragrant.
gem approaching the nature of the opal, Preeminent by so much odds. Milton. ODORIF’EROUS, a. [L. odoriferus ; odor
having a bright color which seems to be In this example, much marks the singu- and fero, to bear.]
lodged deep in the stone, and which shifts lar number, and many cannot be used. 1. Giving scent; diffusing fragrance; fra-
as it is moved in various directions. It is Cromwell, with odds of number and of fate— grant; perfumed ; usually, sweet of scent ;
larger than a pea, and generally of a semi- Waller.
circular form, naturally smooth, It is All the odds between them has been the dif- G as odoriferous spices; odoriferous flowers.
found in the East and West Indies, and in ferent scope given to their understandings to 2. Bearing scent; as odoriferous gales.
range in. Locke. ODORIF’/EROUSNESS. n. The quality of
Europe. Encye. Judging is balancing an account and deter- diffusing scent; fragrance ; sweetness of
Oculus mundi, otherwise called hydrophane mining on which side the odds lie. Locke. scent.
and lapis mutabilis, a precious stone of an There appeared at least four to one odds O’DOROUS, a. Sweetof scent; fragrant.
opake whitish brown color, but becoming against them. Swift. Spenser. Waller.
transparent by infusion in an aqueous 2. Advantage ; superiority. Hudibras. O/DOROUSNESS, n. Fragrance ; the qual-
fluid, and resuming its opacity when dry. 3. Quarrel; dispute ; debate. Shak. ity of diffusing scent, or of exciting the
It is found in beds over the opals in Hun- It is odds, more likely than the contrary. sensation of smell.
gary, Silesia and Saxony, and over the It is odds that he will find a shrewd tempta- GECONOMICAL, G2CONOMY, GQiDEM-
chaleedonies and agates in Iceland. tion. South. ATOUS, GESOPHAGUS. [See Econ-
Encye. At odds, in dispute ; at variance; in contro- omical, Economy, Edematous, Esophagus. |
ODD, a. [Sw. udda, odd, and udd, udde, a versy or quarrel. OEILIAD, n. [Fr. eillade, from eil, the
point; Dan. odd, a point or tip. In W. That sets us all at odds. Shak. eye.] Aglance; a wink. [ot English
od is notable, singular, and odid, a rarity. Or they must always be at odds. Swift. nor used.| Shak.
In Russ. odin or odno is one.]
. Not even; not divisible into equal num-
bers; as one, three, five, seven, &c.
|
ODE, n. [L. ode; Gr. «87.] A short poem O’ER, contracted from over, which see.
or song; a poetical composition proper to OF, prep. ov. (Sax. of; G. ab; Sw. Ice.
be set to music or sung; a lyric poem. Dan. D. af; L. ab, but originally «f; Gr.
Good luck lies in odd numbers. Shak. The ode is of the greater or less kind ; the ano. The primary sense is departing, is-
Left or remaining after the union, esti- less is characterized by sweetness and suing or proceeding from; but this sense
mate or use of even numbers; or re- ease; the greater by sublimity, rapture has been modified by usage.]
maining after round numbers or any num- and quickness oftransition. Johnson. = . From or out of; proceeding from, as the
ber specified ; as the odd number ; the odd Pindar has left Olympic odes, Pythian cause, source, means, author or agent be-
man. odes, Nemean odes, and Isthmian odes. stowing.
Sixteen hundred and odd years after the The ode consists of unequal verses in stanzas I have received of the Lord that which also
earth was made, it was destroyed by a deluge. or strophes. Busby. I delivered to you. 1 Cor. xi.
Burnet. For it was ofthe Lord to harden their hearts.
O'DIOUS, a. [L. odiosus, from odi, I hated,
Singular; extraordinary; differing from Josh. xi.
what is usual; strange; as an odd phe- 1. Eng. hate.|
Hateful; deserving hatred. It expresses It is of the Lord’s mercies that we are not
nomenon. Newton. consumed. Lam. iii.
something less than detestable and abomi- The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord.
It sometimes implies dislike or con- nable; as an odious name ; odious vice. Prov. Xvi.
tempt; as an odd fellow. All wickedness is odious. Sprat. Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chron.
_>. Not noted; unheeded; not taken into the . Offensive to the senses; disgusting ; as an XXXIV.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee.
There are yet missing some few odd lads that}|, odious sight; an odious smell.
common account.

Shak.|\9- Causing hate; invidious; as, to utter odi- Luke i.

you remember not. Hence of is the sign of the genitive case,
Uncommon; particular. ous truth.
The odd man to perform all three perfectly is 4. Exposed to hatred.
the case that denotes production ; as the
Joannes Sturmius. Ascham. He rendered himself odious to the paria- son of man, the son preceeding from man,
6. Uncommon; in appearance improper or ment. Clarendon.\\ produced from man. This is the primary
 OF OFF OFF
sense, although we now say, produced by same primary sense. That which mel nearly synonymous with displease. We
man. “ Part of these were slain ;” that is, ceeds from or is produced by a person, is are offended by rudeness, incivility and
a number separate, for part denotes a di- naturally the property or possession of harsh language. Children offend their
vision; the sense then is, a number from that person, as the son of John; and this parents by disobedience, and parents of-
or out of the whole were slain. So also, idea of property in the course of time Jend their children by unreasonable aus-
“some of these were slain ;” that is, some would pass to things not thus produced, terity or restraint.
from or out of the others. “ T have known but still bearing a relation to another The emperor was grievously offended with
him of old, or ofachild ;” that is, from old thing. Thus we say, the father of a son, them who had kept such negligent watch.
times, from a child. “He is of the race of as well as the son of a father. In both Knolles.
kings ;” that is, descended from kings. senses, Other languages also use the same A brother offended is harder to be won than
“ He is of noble blood or birth, or of igno- word, as ia the French de, de la, and Ital- 3. a strong city. Prov. xviii.
ian di, dell. Of then has one primary To shock ;to wound; as, to offend the
ble origin.” “No particle of matter, or no
sense, from, departing, issuing, proceeding conscience. Law.
body can move of itself ;” that is, by force
or strength proceeding from itselt, derived from or out of, and a derivative sense de- . To pain; to annoy; to injure; as, astrong
noting possession or property. light offends weak eyes.
m itself.
“The quarrel is not now of fame and OFF, a. auf. Most distant; as the off horse 5. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend
tribute, or of wrongs done ;” that is, from in a team.
the laws. But we generally use the intrans-
fame or wrongs, as the cause, and we mnay OFF, adv. auf. From, noting distance. The itive verb in this sense, with against; to
render it concerning’, about, relating to. house isa mile off:
offend against the law.
“ Of this little he had some to spare ;” 2. From, with the action of removing or 6. To disturb, annoy, or cause to fall or
that is, some from the whole. It may be stumble.
separating ; as, to take off the hat or cloke.
Great peace have they that love thy law, and
rendered out of. So we say, to cut off, to pare off, to clip off, nothing shall offend them. Ps. exix.
“ Of all our heroes thou canst boast to peel off, to tear off, to march off, to fly off. 7. To draw to evil, or hinder in obedience ;
alone ;” that is, thou alone from the num- 3. From, noting separation; as, the match is to cause to sin or neglect duty.
ber of heroes. This may be rendered
among.
off.
4. From, noting departure, abatement, re-
If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out—if
thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. v.
“The best of men, the most renowned of mission or a leaving. The fever goes of; OFFEND, v. 7. To transgress the moral or
all;” that is, the best from the number of} the pain goes off. divine law ; to sin; to commit a crime.
men, the most renowned from the whole ; 5. In painting, it denotes projection or relief. Whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet
denoting primarily separation, like part. This comes off well and excellent. Shak. offend in one point, is guilty of all. James ii.
“JT was well entertained of the English 6. From; away; not towards; as, to look off; In many things we offend all. James iii.
Consul ;” that is, entertained from the opposed to on or toward. 2. To cause dislike or anger.
Consul; my entertainment was from the 7. On the opposite side ofa question. Ishall offend, either to detain or to give it.
Consul. This use is obsolete, and we use The questions no way touch upon puritan- Shak.
by in lieu of it. ism, either off or on. Sanderson. But this phrase is really elliptical, some
“This does of right belong to us ;” that Off hand, without study or preparation. person being understood.
is, from right, de jure; our title proceeds) She plays atune offhand. He speaks flu- 3. To be seandalized ; to be stumbled.
Jrom right. ently off hand. If meat make my brother to offend— 1 Cor.
“The chariot was all of cedar ;” that is, Off and on, at one time applying and engag- viii.
made from cedar. So we say, made of) ed, then absent or remiss. To offend against, to act injuriously or un-
gold, made of clay; an application cor- To be off, in colloquial language, to depart justly.
Nor yet against Cesar have I offended any
responding with our modern use offrom; or to recede from an agreement or design. thing at all. Acts xxv.
manufactured from wool, or from raw ma- To come off, to escape, or to fare in the 2. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend
terials. Hence we say, cloth consisting of event.
against the laws of society, the laws of
wool. “This is a scheme of his own de- To get off, to alight; to come down. God, or the rules ofcivility or propriety.
vising ;” that is, from his own devising or} 2. To make escape. We have offended against the Lord already.
device. “If any man minister, let him do|7 go eff, to depart ;to desert. 2 Chron. xxviii.
it as of the ability which God giveth ;”|2. To take fire; to be discharged ; asa gun. OFFEND’ED, pp. Displeased.
Well off, ill off, badly off, having good or ill
that is, as from the ability, as the source of) OFFEND/ER, n. One that offends; one
action. success. that violates any law, divine or human;
“ Of happy, he is become miserable ;” OFF, prep. Not on; as, to be off one’s legs. a criminal; a trespasser; a transgressor ;
thatis, from happy ; from being happy, he) He was not off the bed the whole day. one that does an injury. The man who
has passed to being miserable. “ Of ne- 2. Distant from ; as about two miles off this robs, steals, or commits an assault, is an
cessity this must prove ruinous ;” that is, town. [Not now used.] Addison. offender.
from necessity, as the cause or source. OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to OFFEND/ING, ppr. Displeasing ; making
“ Ofa hundred take fifty ;” that is, from a depart, either with or without contempt or angry; causing to stumble; committing
hundred, or owt of a hundred, from among abhorrence.
sin.
a hundred. OFFAL, 7x. [D. afval; af and vallen, tol|OFFEND’/RESS, n. A female that offends.
Of sometimes implies a part or share. fall; G. abfall; Dan. affald; Sw. affall; Shak.
It is a duty to communicate of those blessings off and fall.]
OFFENSE, n. offens’. [L. offensus, offensa;
we have received. Franklin. 1. Waste meat; the parts of an animal It. offesa ;Sp. ofensa ; Fr. offence.|
From is then the primary sense of this prep- butchered which are unfit for use or re- 1. Displeasure ;anger, or moderate anger.
osition ; a sense retained in off, the same jected. Arbuthnot. He gave them just cause of offense. He
word differently written for distinction. 2. Carrion ; coarse meat. Milton. Shak. took offense.
But this sense is appropriately lost in 3. Refuse; that which is thrown away as o 2. Scandal; cause of stumbling. Christ is
many of its applications; as a man of no value, or fit only for beasts. called astone of stumbling and rock of
genius, a man of courage, a man of rare|| Dryden. Mortimer. offense to both the houses ofIsrael. Ps. viii.
endowments, a fossil ¥ a red color, or of 4. Any thing of no value ; rubbish. Shak. 3. Any transgression of law, divine or hu-
a hexagonal figure. He lost all hope of OFFEND, v. t. [L. offendo; ob and fendo, man; acrime; sin; act of wickedness or
relief. This is an affair of the cabinet. obs. to strike, hit, meet, or thrust against. omission of duty.
He is a man of decayed fortune. Whatis We use the simple verb infend, to fend off, Christ was delivered for our offenses, and
the price ofcoru? We say that of, in these to fence.] raised again for our justification. Rom. iv.
and similar phrases, denotes property or 1. To attack; to assail. [Vot used.] Sidney. 4. An injury.
possession, making of the sign of the geni- 2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. I have given my opinion against the authori-
tive or possessive case. These applica- It expresses rather less than make angry, ty of two great men, but I hope without offense
tions, however, all proceeded from the and without any modifying word, it is to their memories. Dryden,
 OFF OFF OFF
5. Attack; assault; as a weapon of offense. ||6. To present to the view or to the mind; OF'FERTURE, n. Offer; proposal. [JVof
Richardson. as ideas which sense or reflection offers to used. | - Charles.
6. Impediment. Matt. xvi. the mind. Locke. OFFICE, n. [Fr. from L. offictum; ob and
OFFENSEFUL, a. offens/ful. Giving dis- To offer violence, to assault; to attack or com- facio, to make or do.]
leasure ; injurious. [JVot used.] Shak. mence attack. 1. A particular duty, charge or trust confer-
OFFENSELESS, a. offens'less. Unoffend- OF’FER, »v. %. To present itself; to be at red by public authority and for a public
ing; innocent; inoffensive. Milton. hand. purpose; an employment undertaken by
OFFENSIVE, a. [Fr. offensif; It. offen- Th’ occasion offers and the youth complies. commission or authority from government
sivo; Sp. aeaaioesl den. or those who administer it. Thus we
1. Causing displeasure or some degree of| 2. To present verbally ; to declare a maline. speak of the office of secretary of state, of
anger; displeasing. All sin is offensive to ness. He offered to accompany his broth- treasurer, of a judge, of a sheriff, of a
God. Rude behavior is offensive to men. er. justice of the peace, &c. Offices are civil,
Good breeding forbids us to use offensive 3. To make an attempt. judicial, ministerial, executive, legislative,
words. We came close to the shore and offered to political, municipal, diplomatic, military,
land. Bacon.
2. Disgusting; giving pain or unpleasant ecclesiastical, &c.
sensations; disagreeable; as an offensive Formerly with at. 2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred na-
I will not offer at that I cannot master. Obs.
taste or smell; an offensive sight. Dis- Bacon.
ture, conferred by God himself; as the of-
cordant sounds are offensive to the ears. OF’FER, n. (Fr. offre.) A proposal to be fice of priest, in the Old Testament; and
3. Injurious. accepted or rejected; presentation td that of the apostles, in the New Testa-
It is an excellent opener for the liver, but of- choice. The prince made liberal offers, ment.
FSensive to the stomach. Bacon. Inasmuch as Tam the apostle of the Gen-
but they were rejected.
4. Assailant; used in attack; opposed to When offers are disdained, and love deny’d.
tiles, f magnify my office. Rom. xi.
defensive ; as an offensive weapon or en- Pope.
3. Duty or employment of a private nature:
gine. Wilkins.9° First advance. as the office of amidwife. Ex. i.
5. Assailant; invading; making the first at- Force compels this offer. Shak. 4, That which is performed, intended or as-
tack ; opposed to defensive ; as an offensive|3, TP he act of bidding a price, or the sum signed to be done by a particular thing, or
war. bid. By an offer we manifest a desire to that which any thing is fitted to perform;
A league offensive and defensive, is one buy. When the seller declines accepting, answering to duty in intelligent beings.
that requires both or all parties to make he manifests that he thinks the offer not We enjoy health when the several organs
war together against a nation, and each sufficient. of the body perform their respective of-
party to defend the other in case of being 4, Attempt; endeavor; essay. Sices.
attacked. It is in the power of every one to make some In this experiment, the several intervals of
OFFENSIVE, n. The part of attacking; essay, some offer and attempt. [JVearly obso- the teeth of the comb do the office of so many
as, to act on the offensive. lete. South. prisms. Newton.
OFFENSIVELY, adv. In a manner to OF’FERABLE, a. That may be offered. 5. Business; particular employment.
give displeasure; as language offensively Mountague. Hesperus, whose office is to bring
harsh or sarcastic. OF’FERED, pp. Presented for acceptance Twilight upon the earth. Milton.
2. Injuriously ; mischievously. Hooker. or rejection; presented in worship or de- 6. Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered;
3. By way of invasion or first attack. 'The votion; immolated; bid; presented to the usually in a good sense; as kind offices;
enemy was not in a condition to act offens- eye or the mind. offices of pity ;pious offices.
ively. OF’FERER, n. One that offers; one that 7. Act of worship. Shak.
4. Unpleasantly to the senses. sacrifices or dedicates in worship. 8. Formulary of devotion.
OFFENS‘IVENESS, n. The quality that Chapman. Hooker. The Lord’s prayer, the ten commandments
offends or displeases; as the offensiveness and the creed, is a very good office for children
of rude language or behavior. OFFERING, ppr. Presenting ; proposing;
sacrificing ; bidding; presenting to the if they are not fitted for more regular offices.
2. Injuriousness ; mischief. Taylor.
3. Cause of disgust; the quality that gives eye or mind.
pain to the senses, or unpleasant sensa- OF’FERING, n. That which is presented 9. A house or apartment in which public of-
in divine service ;an animal or a portion ficers and others transact business ; as the
tions; as the offensiveness of smell or taste.
of bread or corn, or of gold and silver, or’ register’s office ;a lawyer’s office.
OFFER, v. t. [L. offero; ob and fero, to
bring.] other valuable articles, presented to God 10. In architecture, an apartment appropri-
ated for the necessary business or occa-
1. Literally, to bring to or before; hence, to as an atonement for sin, or as a return of
sions of a palace or nobleman’s house.
present for acceptance or rejection; to thanks for his favors, or for other religious
purpose ; a sacrifice ; an oblation. In the The word is used also for a building per-
exhibit something that may be taken or
Mosaic economy, there were burnt-offer-| taining to a farm, Encye. Cyc.
received or not. He offered me a sum of| 11. In the canon law, a benefice which has
money. He offered me his umbrella to de- ings, sin-offerings, peace-offerings, tres-
pass-offerings, thank-offerings, wave-offer- no jurisdiction annexed to it. Encye.
fend me from the rain.
The heathen women under the Mogul, offer' ings, and wood-offerings. Pagan nations 12. The person or persons entrusted with
themselves to the flames at the death of their also present offerings to their deities. particular duties of a public nature.
husbands. Collier. Christ by the offering of himself has su- —This office [of quarter-master-general] not
2. To present in words ; to proffer; to make perseded the use of all other offerings, to have the disposal of public money, except
a proposal to. small occasional sums. Marshall,
having made atonement for all men.
I offer thee three things. 2 Sam. xxiv. When thou shalt make his soul an offering OF'FICE, v. t. To perform; to do; to dis-
3. To present, as an act of worship; to im- for sin, he shall see his seed— Is. liii. charge. [.Vot used.] Shak.
molate ; to sacrifice ;often with up. OF’FERTORY, x. [Fr. offertoire.| The act} OFFICER, n. A person commissioned or
Thou shalt offer every day a bullock as a sin-
offering for atonement. Ex. xxix,
of offering, or the thing offered. [Little! authorized to perform any public duty.
The one lamb shalt thou offer in the mom- used. } Bacon. Fell.| Officers are civil, military or ecclesiastical.
ing. Ibm. 1. Offertory was properly an anthem chanted There are great officers of state, and sub-
A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual saeri- or a voluntary played on the organ during, ordinate officers. Military and naval off-
fices. 1 Pet. 2. the offering and a part of the mass, in the) cers of the same grade usually take rank
4. To present in prayer or devotion. Catholic chureh; but since the reforma- according to the dates. of their commiss-
Offer to God thanksgiving. Ps. 1. tion it denotes certain sentences in the ions. Non-commissioned officers are nom-
5. To bid, as a price, reward or wages; as, communion-oflice, read while the alms are, inated by their captains, and appointed by
to offer ten eagles for a ring; to offer a collecting. Todd. Cyc. the commanding officers of regiments.
hundred dollars a year for a laborer; to 2.~ Anciently, the linen on which the offer- (OF’FICER, v. t. To furnish with officers;
offer a salary. ing was laid. Cye. to appoint officers over.
 OF F OGI OllkL
Count Pulaski raised a legionary corps, which 2. Service. {Little used.] Brown. is called the key. The members or mold-
he officered principally with foreigners. OFE’ING, n. [from off.| That part of the ings of the ogives are called nerves,
Marshall. sea which is at a good distance from the branches or reins, and the arches. which
OF’FICERED, pp. Furnished wit h officers. shore, or at a competent distance, where separate the ogives, double arches.
Addison. there is deep water and no need of a pi- | Encye.
OFFICIAL, a. [Fr. officiel ;from office.] Per- lot. We saw a ship in the offing. O/GLE, v.t. [from D. oog, the eye, Sax.
taining to an office or public trust. The Mar. Dict. Encye. eag, L. oculus. See Eye.)
secretary is engaged in official duties. OFF’SCOURING, x. deoand scour.) That To view with side glances, as in fondness or
2. Derived from the proper office or officer, which is scoured off; hence, refuse ; re- with design to attract notice.
or from the proper authority; made or jected matter; that which is vile or de- And ogling all their audience, then they
communicated by virtue of authority ; as spised. Lam. iii. 1 Cor. iv. speak. Dryden.
an official statement or report. We have OFF’SET, nx. [off and set.) A shoot; a O'GLE, n. A side glance or look. Addison.
offices intelligence of the battle. sprout from the roots of a plant. O/GLER, n. One that ogles. Addison.
3. Conducive by virtue of appropriate pow- Locke. Ray. O'GLING, ppr. Viewing with side glances.
ers. 2. In surveying, a perpendicular let fall from O/GLING, n. The act of viewing with side
The stomach and other parts official to nutri- the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or glances.
tion. [Unusual.] Brown. extremity of an inclosure. OGLIO, now written olio, which see.
OFFICIAL, n. An eclesiastical judge ap- 3. In accounts, a sum, account or value set off O/GRE, [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary
pointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, against another sum or account, as an O’/GRESS, ” monster of the East.
&c., with charge of the spiritual jurisdic- equivalent. O. Wolcott. Ar. Nights.
tion. Blackstone. (This is also written set-off:] \O/GRESS, x». In heraldry, a cannon ball of
OFFICIALLY, adv. By the proper officer; OFF'SET, v. t. To set one account against!| a black color. Ashmole.
by virtue of the proper authority ; in pur- another; to make the account of one par- OH, exclam. denoting surprise, pain, sor-
suance of the special powers vested; as ty pay the demand of another. row or anxiety.
accounts or reports officially verified or Judge Sewall. OIL, n. [Sax. @l. It seems to be named
rendered ; letters officially communicated ; OFF’SPRING, n. [off and spring.| A child) | from its inflammability, for elan,is to kin-
persons officially notified. or children ; a descendant or descendants, dle, and to oil; hence anelan, to anneal ;
OFFI’CIALTY, n. The charge or office of however remote from the stock. Acts eled, fire; Dan. id, whence the name of
an official. Ayliffe. xvii. Rey. xxii. Hildebrand, Dan. Ildebrand, fire-brand;
OFFICIATE, v. 7. To act as an officer in 2. Propagation; generation. Hooker. D. oly; G. oel; Sw. olja; Dan. olie ; Fr.
his office ; to transact the appropriate bu- 3. Production of any kind. Denham. huile ; It. olio; L. oleum ; Gr. eravov 3W.
siness of an office or public trust. At this OFFUS€CATE, OFFUS€ATION. [See Ob- olew ; Ir. ola; Arm. Sp. Port. oleo.]
court the chief justice officiated. fuscate, Obfuscation. | |An unctuous substance expressed or drawn
The bishops and priests officiate at the altar. OFF’WARD, adv. [off and ward.| Leaning from several animal and vegetable sub-
Stillingfleet. stances. he distinctive characters ofoil
off, as a ship on shore.
2. To perform the appropriate official duties; are inflammability, fluidity, and insolubili-
OFT, adv. [Sax. oft; Sw. ofta; Dan. ofte.]
of another. ty in water. Oils are fixed or fat, and
Often; frequently ; not rarely. It was
OFFICIATE, v. f. To give in consequence; formerly used in prose and may be so used volatile or essential They have a
of office. still; but is more generally used in poetry. smooth feel, and most of them have little
The stars officiate light. [Improper.] taste or smell. Animal oil is found in
Milton.) Oft she rejects, but never once offends.
Pope. all animal substances. Vegetable oils
OFFICIATING, ppr. Performing the ap- OFTEN, adv. of'n. comp. oftener ; super. are produced by expression, infusion or
propriate duties of an office ;performing, distillation. Encyc. Nicholson.
the oftice of another. | oftenest. [Sax. oft; Goth. ufta.] Frequent-
OFFICINAL, a. [Fr.; from L. officina, a} |jOFTEN, ly; many times; not seldom,
a. of'n. Frequent. [Improper]
Addison. OIL, v. t. To smear or rub over with oil; to
lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil.
shop.
Used le shop or belonging to it. Officinal| OFTENNESS, xn. of'nness. Frequency. Wotion. Swift.
drugs, medicines and simples are such as [.Vot used.] Hooker. OIL/-BAG, n. A bag, eyst or gland in ani-
OFTENTIMES, adv. of’ntimes. [often and mals containing oil.
are required to be constantly kept in the
shops of apothecaries. Encye.
times.| Frequently; often; many times. OIPL/-COLOR, n. A color made by grinding
Hooker. Atterbury. a coloring substance in oil. Boyle.
OFFI’CIOUS, a. [L. officiosus.] Kind ; oblig- OFT’TIMES, adv. [oft and times.] Fre- OIL’/ED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil.
ing ; doing kind offices. quently ; often. Milton. Huloet.
Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries
Officious. Milton. OG. [See Ogee. OIL/ER, x. One who deals in oils and
2, Excessively forward in kindness ; impor- OGDOAS'TIEH, xn. [Gr. oySoos, eighth, and pickles.
tunately interposing services. sezos, a verse.] A poem of eight lines. OIL/-GAS, n. Inflammable gas procured
You are too officious [Little used.] Selden. from oil, and used for lighting streets and
In her behalf that scorns your services. OGEE’, n. [Fr. ogive, augive.] In architec- apartments in buildings.
Shak. ture, a molding consisting of two mem- \OIL/INESS, n. The quality of being oily;
3. Busy ; intermeddling in affairs in which bers, the one concave, the other convex, { unctuousness ; greasiness ; a quality ap-
one has no concern. or of around and a hollow somewhat like proaching that of oil. Bacon. .Arbuthnot.
OFFI’/CIOUSLY, adv. Kindly; with so-) | anS. Encye. OIL/ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with
licitous care. |
12. In gunnery, J) an ornamental moldingto} in | oil.
Let thy goats officiously be nurs’d. the shape of an S, used on guns, mortars} OIL/MAN, x. One who deals in oils and
Dryden. and howitzers. Cyc. pickles. Johnson.
2; With importunate or excessive forward- OGGANI'TION, n. [L. obgannio, ogganio,) OIL/-NUT, n. The butternut of N. Ameri-
ness. to growl.] ca. Carver.
Flattering crowds officiously appear, The murmuring of a dog; a grumbling or OIL/-NUT, A plant, a species of Ri-
To give themselves, not you, a happy year. snarling. [.Notused.] Mountagu.
Dryden. O’GHAM, n. A particular kind of stenogra- OIL/-TREE, Us cinus, the palma Christi,
or castor, from which is procured castor
3. In a busy meddling manner. phy or writing in cipher practiced by the oil. Fam. of Plants. Eneye.
OFFI’CIOUSNESS, n. Eagerness to serve; Trish. Astle. Encyc.
usually, an excess of zeal to serve others, OGIVE, n. o'jiv. In architecture, an arch or| OIL/-SHOP, n. A shop where oils and
or improper forwardness, interposing in branch of the Gothic vault, which passing pickles are seld.
affairs without being desired, or with a diagonally from one angle to another OIL’Y, a. Consisting of oil ; containing oil;
disposition to meddle with the concerns of| forms a cross with the other arches. The having the qualities of oil; as oily matter
others. middle where the ogives cross each other, or substance. Bacon.
 OLD OLLI OLY
2. Resembling oil; as an oily appearance. 2. The state of being old, or of a long eon- by different trees and in different couu-
3. Fatty; greasy. SI tinuance; as the oldness ofa building or a tries.
OILY-GRAIN, n. A plant. Miller. garment. OL/ID, {L. olidus, from oleo, to
OILY-PALM, n. A tree. Miller. 3. Antiquity ; as the oldness of monuments. OL/IDOUS, §“ smell.] Fetid; having a
OINT, v. t. [Fr oindre, oint ;Sp. Port. un- OLD-WIFE, n. A contemptuous name for strong disagreeable smell. [Little used.]
tar. The French oindre is formed from an old prating woman. 1 Tim. iv. Boyle. Brown.
the L. ungo, like joindre from jungo.] 2. A fish of the genus Labrus, and another OLIGAR€H’AL, See Oligarchy.|
To anoint; to smear with an unctuous sub- of the genus Balistes. Encyc. OLIGARCHIEAL, §™ Pertaining to oli-
stance. OLEAG/‘INOUS, a. [L. oleaginus, from archy, or government by afew. Burke.
They oint their naked limbs with mother’d olewm, oil.| Having the qualities of oil: OLIGARECHY, xn. [Gr. orvyapyea; oavyos,
oil. Dryden. oily ; unctuous. Arbuthnot. few, and apyz, rule.|
OINT’ED, pp. Anointed ;smeared with an \OLEAG/INOUSNESS, n. Oiliness. A form of government in which the supreme
oily or greasy matter. Boyle. power is placed in a few hands ; a species
OINT’ING, ppr. Anointing. OLEAN’DER, 2. A plant of the genus Ne- of aristocracy. Swift.
OINTMENT, n. Unguent; any soft, unc- rium, the rose-bay or South sea rose; a OL‘IGIST, ba. [Gr. oavyesos, least.] Oli-
tuous substance or compound, used for beautiful shrub with flowers in clusters, 0 OLIGIST’Te, gist iron, so called, is a
smearing, particularly the body or a dis- a fine purple color, but of an indifferent erystalized tritoxyd of iron.
eased part. smell. The plant, especially the bark of O'LIO, n. [It. from Sp. olla ; Port. olha, a
OIS/ANITE, xn. Pyramidical ore of titani- the roots, is said to be poisonous. —_Encyc. eee meat boiled or stewed; L. olla, a
um. Ure. OLEAS'TER, n. [L. from olea, the olive pot.
OKE, n. An Egyptian and Turkish weight, tree.} 1. A mixture ; a medley. Dryden.
equal to about two pounds and three quar- A plant of the genus Eleagnus; the wild 2. A miscellany; a collection of various
ters, English avoirdupois weight. Eton. olive. Miller. pieces ;applied to musical collections.
OKER. [See Ocher.] O'LEATE, n. A compound of oleic acid OL/ITORY, a. [L. olitor, a gardener, from
OLD, a. [Sax. eald; G. alt; D. oud; Dan. with a salifiable base. Chevreul. olus, pot-herbs. |
elde, old age.| OLEF’IANT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.| Olefiant Belonging to a kitchen garden; as olitory
1. Advanced far in years or life; having gas is a compound of one prime of car- seeds. Evelyn.
lived beyond the middle period, or rather bon and one of hydrogen, called by Ure It may perhaps be used as a noun.
towards the end of life, or towards the end carbureted hydrogen, to distinguish it OLIVA/CEOUS, a. [from L. oliva, olive.]
of the ordinary term of living; applied to from the gas resulting from one prime of Of the color of the olive. Pennant.
animals or plants; as an old man; an old carbon and two of hydrogen, which he OLIVAS’'TER, n. [Fr. olivdtre, from L.
age; an old camel or horse; an old tree.|| cails subcarbureted hydrogen. oliva, olive.| Of the color of the olive;
This adjective is placed after the noun that |Olefiant gas, is so called from its property of; tawny. Bacon.
designates the time lived. forming with chlorin a compound resem- OLIVE, n. [L. oliva, from olea, an olive
Abraham was seventy five years old when he bling oil. tree ; Fr. olive; Gr. craw. See Oil.)
departed from Haran. Gen. xii.
2. Having been long made or used; decay-
|\O‘LEI€, a. [from oil.] The oleic acid is A plant or tree of the genus Olea. The
obtained from a soap made by digesting common olive tree grows in warm cli-
ed by time; as an old garment; an old hog’s lard in potash lye. Chevreul. mates and rises to the highth of twenty or
house. thirty feet, having an upright stem with
3. Being of long continuance; begun long OLEOSA€’/€HARUM, n. A mixture of oil
numerous branches. This tree is much
ago; as an old acquaintance. and sugar. Ure. cultivated in the south of Europe for its
4. Having been long made; not new or O'LEOSE, 2, [L. oleosus.] Oily. [Little fruit, from which is expressed the olive
fresh; as old wine. O'LEOUS, § ~ used.] Ray. oil, and which is used also for pickles.
5. Being of a former year’s growth; not 0 '\OLERA/CEOUS, a. [L. oleraceus, from Encye.
the last crop; as old wheat; old hay. olus, oleris, pot-herbs.] OL/IVED, a. Decorated with olive trees.
6. Ancient; that existed in former ages; as Pertaining to pot-herbs; of the nature or Warton.
the old inhabitants of Britain ; the old Ro- qualities of herbs for cookery.
mans. OL/IVENITE, n. An ore of copper. Ure.
Lee. Brown.
7. Of any duration whatever ; asa year old; OLFA€T’, v. t. [L. olfacto, olfacio; oleo, to} OL/IVE-YARD, n. An inclosure or piece
seven years old. How old art thou? of ground in which olives are cultivated.
smell, and facio, to make.] Ex. xxiii.
8. Subsisting before something else. He}
To smell; used in burlesque, but not other-
built a new house on the site of the old
wise authorized. Hudibras. OL‘IVIN, [from olive.] A subspecies
one. The old law is repealed by the new. OL/IVINE, § of prismatic chrysolite of a
9. Long practiced. He is grown old in vice. OLFA€T’ORY, a. [L. olfacio, supra.] Per-| brownish green, often inclining to a yel-
He is an old offender. taining to smelling ; having the sense of) lowish or grayish green, usually found in
10. That has been long cultivated; as old smelling ; as olfactory nerves. Locke. roundish grains in other stones; some-
land ; an old farm; opposed to new land, \OL‘IBAN, s -23 times in large masses, but not erystalized.
a a) lubanon ; It is a constituent of many lavas and fre-
land lately cleared and cultivated. America.) OLIBA/NUM, ;n [Ar ol
11. More than enough; great. quently occurs in basaltic rocks.
If a man were poiter of hellgate, he should with the adjective al, the, corrupted into Kirwan. Ure.
have old turning of the key. Shak. ol. The word signifies then frankincense,|
and it is so named from its whiteness. ] OLYM’PIAD, n. [L. Olympias ;Gr. Onvumcas,
12. In vulgar language, crafty ;cunning.
from Odvuztos, Olympus, a mountain of
Of old, long ago; from ancient times; as ‘A gum-resin consisting of tears or drops, Macedonia. |
in days of old. Dryden. of a yellow transparent color and disa-
We apply old chiefly to things subject to greeable smell. Itis brought from Tur-| A period of four years reckoned from one
decay. We never say, the old sun, or an key and the East Indies. It is not, as celebration of the Olympic games to an-
old mountain. Linne supposed, produced by the Juni- other, and constituting an important
OLDEN, a. Old; ancient. [Used in poetry. perus Lycia, but from a different tree epoch in history and chronology. The
Skak. growing in Arabia and Hindoostan. See first Olympiad commenced 775 years be-
OLD-FASHIONED, a. Formed according Asiatic Researches, 9. 377. In Arabia, fore the birth of Christ, and 22 years be-
to obsolete fashion or custom; as an old- luban is applied to benzoin, which is gen- fore the foundation of Rome. The com-
fashioned dress. erally used for incense, and oliban is called putation by Olympiads ceased at the three
Old-fashioned men of wit. Addison. condur, whence Gr. yovdpos. In medi- hundred and sixty fourth Olympiad, in the
OLDNESS, n. Old age; an advanced state cine, it is used in fumigations as a resoly- year 440 of the christian era. Encye.
of life or existence; as the oldness ofa ent. Fourcroy. Encyc.| OLYM’PEAN, a. Pertaining to Olympus;
man, of an elephant or a tree. Thompson says olibanum is produced, or to Olympia, a town in Greece.
 OMI OMN ON
Olympic games, or Olympics, solemn games OMISSION, x. [Fr. from L. omissio, trom OMNIPRES‘ENCE, n. 5 asz. (L. omnis, and
among the ancient Ghosts dedicated to omilto, omissus.] presens, present. |
Olympian Jupiter, and celebrated once in 1. Neglect or failure to do something which Presence in every place at the same time;
four years at Olympia. [See Olympiad.] a person had power to do, or which duty unbounded or universal presence ; ubi-
OM’BER, Fr. from Sp. hombre, man, required to be done. Omission may be quity. Ommnipresence is an attribute pecul-
OM’'BRE, § L. homo.] innocent or criminal ; innocent, when no iar to God.
A game at cards, borrowed from the Span- duty demands performance, but criminal OMNIPRES’ENT, a. Present in all places
iards, usually played by three persons, when duty is neglected. at the same time; ubiquitary ;as the om-
though sometimes by two or five. Encyc. The most natural division of all offenses, is napresent Jehovah.
OMBROMETER, n. [Gr. ou6pos, rain, and into those of omission and those of commission. OMNIPRESEN'TIAL, a. Implying univer-
erpov, measure. | Addison. sal presence. South.
A machine or instrument to measure the 2. A leaving out; neglect or failure to insert OMNIS’CIENCE, 2 [L. omnis, all, and
quantity of rain that falls. Encye. or mention ; as the omission of a word or OMNIS'CIENCY, §™ scientia, knowledge.]
OME’GA, n. [Gr. great O.] The name of clause. The quality of knowing all things at once ;
the last letter of the Greek alphabet, as OMIS’SIVE, a. Leaving out. Stackhouse. universal knowledge ; knowledge un-
Alpha, A, is the first. Hence in Scrip- OMIT’, v. t. [L. omitto ; ob and mitio, to bounded or infinite. Omniscience is an
ture, Alpha and Omega denotes the first send. } attribute peculiar to God.
and the Jast, the beginning and the ending. 1. To leave, pass by or neglect ; to fail or OMNIS/CLENT, a. Having universal knowl-
Rey. forbear to do or to use ; as, to omit an op- edge or knowledge of all things ; infinitely
OMELET, zn. [Fr. omelette.|] A kind o portunity of writing a letter. To omit knowing 3 all-seeing ;as the omniscient God,
pancake or fritter made with eggs and known duty is criminal. OMNIS’/CIOUS, a. (L. omnis, all, and Scio, to
other ingredients. Encye. 2. To leave out; not to insert or mention ; know.] All-knowing. [Vot used.] Hakewill.
O'MEN, n. [L. omen; but according to as, to omit an important word in a deed ; OM'NIUM, n. [L. omnis, all.] The aggre-
Varro, it was originally osmen, that whicl: to omit invidious comparisons; to omit a gate of certain portions of different stocks
is uttered by the mouth, denoting wish or passage in reading or transcribing. inthe public funds; @ word in use among
vow, and with him agree Festus and No- OMIT’TANCE, n. Forbearance ; neglect. dealers in the English stocks.
nius, says Vossius. Another author de- [Vot used.| Shak. Omnium denotes all the particulars in-
rives the word from the Heb. jiy, an au- OMIT’TED, pp. Neglected ; passed by ; cluded in the contract between govern-
gur. Cicero assigns to the word the same left out. ment and the public for a loan, Cyc.
origin as Varro. ‘ Voces hominum, que OMIT’TING, ppr. Neglecting or failing to OMNIV‘OROUS, a. [L. omnivorus ; om-
vocent omina.” But the word came af- do or use ; passing by ; leaving out. nis, all, and vero, to eat.]
terwards to denote things rather than OMNIFA’‘RIOUS, a. [Low L. omnifarius.] All-devouring ; eating every thing indiscrim-
words. | Of all varieties, forms or kinds. Bentley. inately. Burke.
A sign or indication of some future event ; OMNIF’EROUS, a. (E. omnifer ; omnis, all, OM’OPLATE, n. [Gr. eos, shoulder, and
a prognostic. Superstition and ignorance and fero, to bear.] All-bearing ; produc- naatus, broad.| The shoulder blade or
multiply omens ; philosophy and truth re- ing all kinds. Dict. scapula.
ject all omens, except such as may be call- OMNIF'I€, a. [L. omnis, all, and facio, to OM’/PHACINE, a. (Gr. oupaxwos, from
ed causes of the events. Without a mira- make.] All-creating. ougags, unripe fruit.|
ele, how can one event be the omen of an- Thou deep, peace ! Pertaining to or expressed from unripe fruit.
other with which it has no connection? Said then th’ ommnific word, your discord end. Omphacine oilis a viscous brown juice ex-
O/MENED, a. Containing an omen or prog- Milton. tracted from green olives. With this the
nostic. Pope. OM'NIFORM, a. [L. omnis, all, and forma, wrestlers in the ancient gymnastic exercis-
OMENT’UM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the caul form.] Having every formorshape. Dict. es used to anoint their bodies. Encye.
or epiploon ; a membranaceous covering of OMNIFORM TTY, x. The quality of hav- OM'PHACITE, xn. A mineral of a pale leek
the bowels, being placed under the perito- ing every form. More. green color, massive or disseminated, and
neum and immediately above the intes- OMNIG’/ENOUS, a. [L. omnigenus ; om- in narrow radiated concretions. Ure.
tines. Encye. nis, all,every, and genus, kind.] OM’PHALIE€, n. [Gr. ouparos, the navel.]
O'MER, n. (Heb.] A Hebrew measure con- Consisting of all kinds. Dict. Pertaining to the navel. Asiat. Res.
taining ten baths, or seventy five gallons OMNIPAR ITY, n. [L. omnis, all, and par, OMPHAL’/OCELE, n. [Gr. ouparos, navel,
and five pints ofiiquids, and eight bushels equal.}| General equality. White. and xyay, tumor.] A rupture at the navel.
of things dry. It was the largest measure OMNIPERCIP‘IENCE, n. [L. omnis, and Coxe.
used by the Jews. It is written also ho- percipiens, perceiving.] Perception of OM’PHALOPTER, [Gr. ouparos, navel,
mer and chomer. This word is used by the every thing. More. OMPHALOP’TI€, §”* and oxzcxos, optic.]
prophets, but the corresponding measure OMNIPERCIP‘IENT, a. Perceiving every An optical glass that is convex on both
is called by the historical writers corus. thing. More. sides ; commonly called a convex lens,
Encye. OMNIP/OTENCE, a [L. omnipotens ; Dict.
OM'INATE, v. t. [L. ominor, from omen.] OMNIP/OTENCY, § ° omnis, all, and OMPHALOT’OMY, n. [Gr. ouparos, the
To presage ; to foreshow ; to foretoken. potens, powerful. | navel, and 7exve, to cut.]
{Little used.] Decay of Piety. Almighty power ; unlimited or infinite pow- The operation of dividing the navel string.
OM'INATE, v. 7. To foretoken. er ; a word in strictness applicable only to O'/MY, a. Mellow; asland. [Not in use.]
OMINA’TION, n. A foreboding ; a presag- God. Hence it is sometimes used for : Ray.
ing ; prognostic. {Little used.] Brown. God. 'The works of creation demon- ON, prep. [G. an; D. aan; Goth. ana; Gr.
OM’INOUS, a. [L. ominosus.] Foreboding strate the omnipotence of God. avo; L. in; Gr ev. The Sax. in is our
or presaging evil; indicating a future Will Omnipotence neglect to save in, and un is a negative ; but probably all
evil event ; inauspicious. The suffering virtue of the wise and brave ? these words are radically the same. The
In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice Pope. primary sense of the verb from which
without a heart was accounted ominous. South. 2. Unlimited power over particular things; these words must be derived, is to pass, to
2. Foreshowing or exhibiting signs of good. as the omnipotence of love. approach, to come to or to meet. Hence
Though he had a good ominous name to OMNIP/OTENT, a. {supra.] Almighty ; they denote nearness, closeness or con-
have made peace, nothing followed. Bacon. possessing unlimited power ; all powerful.
tiguity, and from meeting the Latin in
OM/INOUSLY, adv. With good or bad The being that can create worlds must be and the English wn have their power of
omens. Fotherby. omnipotent. negation or opposing. |
OM/INOUSNESS, n. The quality of being 2. Having unlimited power of a particular 1. Being in contact with the surface or up-
ominous. Burnet. kind ; as omnipotent love. Shak. per part of a thing and supported by it ;
OMIS'SIBLE, a. [L. omissus. See Omit.] OMNIP/OTENTLY, adv. With almighty placed or lying in contact with the’ sur-
That may be omitted. Parkhurst. power. Young. face ; as, my book is on the table ; the table
 ON ONE ONE
stands on the floor ; the house rests on its ON, adv. Forward, in progression ; as, move|i6. It is used with another, to denote average
foundation ; we lie on a bed, or stand on on; go on. or mean proportion, The coins one with
the earth. 2. Forward, in succession. From father to another, weigh seven penny weight each.
2. Coming or falling to the surface of any son, from the son to the grandson, and so 7. One of two ; opposed to other.
thing ; as, rain falls on the earth. on. Ask from one side of heaven to the other.
Whosoever shall fall om this stone, shall be 3. In continuance ; without interruption or Deut. iv.
broken. Matt. xxi. ceasing ; as, sleep on, take your ease ; 8. Single by union ; undivided ; the same.
3. Performing or acting by contact with the say on; sing on; write on. The church is therefore one, though the
surface, upper part or outside of any thing ; 4, Adhering ; not off; as in the phrase, members may be many. Pearson.
as, to play ona harp, a violin, or a drum. “he is neither on nor off,” that is, he is 9. Single in kind ; the same.
One plague was on you all and on your lords.
4, Noting addition; as heaps on heaps ; mnis- not steady; he is irresolute. 1 Sam. iv.
chief on mischief ; loss on loss. 5. Attached to the body; as, his clothes One day, on a certain or particular day, re-
5. Ator near. When we say, a vessel is on | _are not on. ferring to time past.
shore, we mean that she is aground ; but To put on, to attach to the body, as clothes One day when Pheebe fair
when we say, a fleet or a ship is on the or arms. With all her band was following the chase.
American coast, or an isle is situated on |On, when it expresses contact with the sur- Spenser.
the coast of England, we mean only that face ofa thing, is opposed to under, off, or 2. Referring to future time ; at a future time,
jt is near the coast. So we say, on each within, and when it expresses contact with indefinitely. [See One, No. 2.]
side stands an armed map, that is, at or | the side ofa thing, is opposed to off. At one, in union ; in agreement or concord.
near each side. 'On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or The king resolved to keep Ferdinand and
So we say, Philadelphia is situated on||| rather as a command to move or proceed, Philip at one with themselves. Bacon.
the Delaware ; Middlebury is on the Ot- some verb being understood ; as, cheerly In one, in union ; in one united body.
ter Creek ; Guilford stands on the Sound ; on, courageous friends; that is, go on, move One, like many other adjectives, is used
that is, near the river or Sound, instead of on. without a noun, and is to be considered as
on the bank, side or shore. 'ON/AGER, n. [L.] The wild ass. a substitute for some noun understood.
6. It denotes resting for support; as, to de- O/NANISM, n. [from Onan, in Scripture.] Let the men depart one by one; count
pend on, to rely on; hence, the ground of The crime of self-pollution. them one by one ; every one has his pecul-
any thing ; as, he will covenant on cer- (ONCE, adv. wuns. [from one. So D. eens, iar habits; we learn of one another, that
tain considerations or conditions; the from een, and G, ewist, from ein, one.] is, we learn, one of us learns of another.
considerations being the support of the il. One time. In this use, as a substitute, one may be
covenant. Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in plural; as the great ones of the earth;
7. At or in the time of; as, on the sabbath two years. Bacon. they came with their little ones.
we abstain from labor. We usually say, 2. One time, though no more. The mind It also denotes union, a united body.
at the hour, on or in the day, im or on the once tainted with vice, is prone to grow Ye are all one in Christ Jesus. Gal. iii.
week, month or year. worse and worse. One o’clock, one hour of the clock, that is, as
8. At the time of, with some reference to 3. At one former time; formerly. signified or represented by the clock.
cause or motive. On public occasions, the My soul had once some foolish fondness for One is used indefinitely for any person ; as,
officers appear in full dress or uniform. thee, one sees; one knows; after the French
9. Itis put before the object of some pass- But hence ’tis gone. Addison. manner, on voit. Our ancestors used man
ion, with the sense of towards or for. 4. At the same point of time ; not gradually. in this manner; man sees; man knows ;
Have pity or compassion on him. At once the winds arise, “man brohte,” man brought, that is, they
10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. The thunders roll. Dryden. brought. Saxon.
Hence, on thy life. Dryden. At once, at the same time ; as, they all moy- This word we have received from the Latin
11. Denoting a pledge or engagement, or ed at once; hence, when it refers to two through the Italian and French. The
put before the thing pledged. He aftirm- or more, the sense is together, as one. same word from our Saxon ancestors we
ed or promised on his word, or on his This hath all its force at once, on the first write an.
honor. impression. Atterbury. ONE-BERRY, n. wun’-berry. A plant of the
12. Noting imprecation or invocation, or genus Paris; true love. Fam. of Plants.
coming to, falling or resting on. On us Once is used as a noun, when preceded by ONE-EYED, a. wun’-eyed. Having one eye
be all the blame. this or that ; as this once, that once.
only. Dryden.
His blood be on us, and on our children. ONCE, n. ons. [Fr.] A quadruped of the ONEIROERITIC, n. [Gr. ovecpoxperexos ;
Matt. xxvii. genus Felis, less than the panther, of a
whitish gray color. It is found in Africa overpov, a dream, and xperexos, discerning.}
13. In consequence of, or immediately after.
On the ratification of the treaty, the ar- and Asia, is easily tamed and is employed An interpreter of dreams; one who judges
what is signified by dreams.
mies were disbanded. like a dog in hunting. Encye.
Warburton. Addison.
14. Noting part, distinction or opposition ; ONE, a. wun. [Sax. an, an; D. een; G. ONEIROERIT IE, n. The art ofinterpret-
as on one side and on the other. On our ein; Sw. en; Dan. en or cen; Ice, einn;
W. un or yn; L. unus ; Gr. ov; It. Sp.
ing dreams. Warburton.
part, expect punctuality. é ONEIROERIT'TE, Having the pow-
On the way, on the road, denote proceeding, uno; Port. hum; Fr. un; Arm. unan ;
Ir. an, aon.]| ONEIROE€RITICAL, ¢ a. er of interpret-
traveling, journeying, or making pro- ONIROERIT'Te, ing dreams, or
1. Single in number ; individual ; as one
gress. pretending to judge of future events sig-
On the alert, in a state of vigilance or actiy- man; one book. There is one sun only nified by dreams.
ity.
| in our system of planets. My oneirocritical correspondent.
On high, in an elevated place ; sublimely. 2. Indefinitely, some or any. You will one Addison.
On fire, in a state of burning or inflamma- day repent of your folly. But in this
phrase, one day is equivalent to some future ONEIROM’ANCY, n. [Gr. ovecpov, a dream,
tion, and metaphorically, in a rage or pass- and «ave, divination.] Divination by
ion. time.
3. It follows any. dreams. Spenser.
On a sudden, suddenly. ONEMENT, n. wun/ment. State of being
On the wing, in flight ; flying ; metaphorical- When any one heareth the word of the king- one. [JVot in use.] Bp. Hall.
ly, departing. dom. Matt. xiii.
ONENESS, n. wun/ness. [from one.] Sin-
On it, on’t, is used for of it. T heard nothing 4. Different ; diverse ; opposed to another. gleness in number ; individuality ;unity;
ovt. The gamester has a poor trade on’t. It is one thing to promise, and another to the quality of being one.
[This use is now vulgar.) fulfill. Our God is one, or rather very oneness.
Upon is used in the same sense with on, 5. It is used with another, to denote mutual- Hooker.
often with elegance, and frequently with- ity or reciprocation. Be kind and assist ON’ERARY, a. [L. onerarius, from onus, 2
out necessity or advantage. one another. load ; onero, to load.]
 ONT OPA OP E
Fitted or intended for the carriage of bur- ONTOL/OGY, n. [Gr. ova, from equ, and rent. [This is the word now generally used. }
dens ; comprising a burden. , noyos, discourse. | Chalk is an opake substance.
ON’/ERATE, v. t. (L. onero, from onus, a That part of the science of metaphysics 2. Dark; obscure.
burden.] ‘To load ; to burden. which investigates and explains the nature OPA’KENESS, n. The quality of being
ONERA’TION, n. The act of loading. and essence of all beings, their qualities impervious to light; want of transparen-
ON’EROUS, a. [L. onerosus, from onus, a and attributes. Encyc. cy; opacity.
PPhlife. Burton. ON’WARD, adv. [Sax. ondward, andweard ; O'PAL, n. [L. opalus or opalum.] A stone
load.} Burden some; ; oppressive.
on and weard, L. versus.] of the silicious genus, and of several vari-
®, In Scots law, being for the advantage o 1. Toward the point before or in front; for- eties. It is one of the most beautiful of
both parties ; as an onerous contract; op- ward; progressively; in advance ; as, to this genus, by reason of its changeable-
posed to gratuitous. move onward. ness of color by reflection and refraction.
ONION, n. un'yun. [Fr. ognon; Arm. ou- Not one leoks backward, onward still he goes. Kirwan distributes opals into four fami-
ignoun ; Ir. winnium. In W. ceninen is a Pope. lies, opal, semi-opal, pitch stone [pech-
leek. 2. In a state of advanced progression. stein,] and ligniform. Jameson divides
A inteof the genus Allium; and particu- 3. A little further or forward. opal into seven kinds.
larly, its bulbous root, much used as an ON’WARD, a. Advanced or advancing ; as Encyc. Kirwan. Nicholson.
article of food. an onward course. Opal is a subspecies of indivisible
ONKOT/OMY, zn. [Gr. oyxos, tumor, and 2. Increased ; improved. Sidney. quartz. Ure.
temve, to cut.] 3. Conducting ; leading forward to perfec- OPALES'CENCE, n. A colored shining
In surgery, the opening of a tumor or ab- tion. Home. luster reflected from a single spot in w
scess. Encye. ON’YCHA, n. [from Gr. 0.) Supposed mineral. Itis sometimes simple and some-
ONLY, a. [Sax. enlic, one-like.] Single; to be the odoriferous shell of the onyx- times stellar.
one alone ; as, John was the only man fish, or the onyx. Ex. xxx. OPALES’CENT, a. Resembling opal; re-
present. ON'YX, n. [Gr. om, a nail, L. onyr.] A flecting a colored luster from a single
2. This and no other. This is an only child. semi-pellucid gem with variously colored spot. Kirwan.
3. This above all others. He is the only zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony. O’/PALINE, a. Pertaining to or like opal.
man for music. Johnson. Encye. Nicholson. O'PALIZE, v. t. To make to resemble opal ;
ONLY, adv. Singly; merely ; barely ; in O/OLITE, xn. [Gr. aor, an egg, and ados, as opalized wood. Cleaveland.
one manner or for one purpose alone. stone, from its resemblance to the roes OPAQUE. [See Opake.]
I purpose my thoughts only as conjectures. of fish.] OPAQUENESS. [See Opakeness.}
Burnet. Egg-stone, a variety of concreted carbonate OPE, a. Open. Obs.
And to be loved himself, needs only to be of lime ; oviform limestone. Jameson. OPE, v.t. To open; used only in poetry,
known. Dryden. OOZE, v.%. 00z. [The origin of this word is and probably a contracted word.
2. This and no other wise. not easily ascertained. In Eth. hy OPEN, a. o’pn. [Sax. D. open; G. offen;
Every imagination of the thoughts of his Sw. épen; Dan. aaben.]
signifies to flow. In Amharic, D HO sig- 1. Unclosed ; not shut ; as, the gate is open ;
heart was only evil continually. Gen. vi.
3. Singly ; without more ; as only-begotten. nifies to sweat. In Ethiopic, D6A\ sig- an open door or window; an open book ’
ON/OMANCY, n. [Gr. ovoua, name, and nifies to issue, to come or go out, and this open eyes.
wovrece, divination. ] Divination by the! is the Heb. xy. In Sax. wes is water, G. 2. Spread ; expanded. He received his son
letters of a name. wasser. ‘These words seem to be nearly with open arms.

!
Destinies were superstitiously, by onomancy, allied. See Issue.] 3. Unsealed; as an open letter.
deciphered out of names. Camden. To flow gently ; to percolate, as a liquid 4. Not shut or fast; as an open hand.
ONOMAN’TIE, Predicting by through the pores of a substance, or 5. Not covered; as the open air; an open
ONOMAN’TICAL, , names, or the through small openings. Water oozes vessel.
letters composing names. Camden. from the earth and through a filter. 6. Not covered with trees; clear; as an
ON’/OMATOPE, (Gr. ovonatomoun ; The latent rill, scarce oozing through the open country or field.
ON/OMATOPY, : ovoua, name, and | grass. Thomson. 7. Not stopped; as an open bottle.
mtovew, to make.]} | GCOZE, n. Soft mud or slime ; earth so wet 8. Not fenced or obstructed ; as an open
1. In grammar and rhetoric, a figure in which| as to flow gently or easily yield to pressure. road.
words’ are formed to resemble the sound) Carew. 9. Not frosty ; warmer than usual; not
made by the thing signified; as, to buzz, 2. Soft flow; spring. Prior. freezing severely ; as an open winter.
as bees; to crackle, as burning thorns or |3. The liquor ofa tan-vat. An open and warm winter portendeth a hot
brush. Encyc.} OOZING, ppr. Flowing gently; percola- and dry summer. Bacon.
2. A word whose sound corresponds to the ting. Johnson interprets open, in this passage,
sound of the thing signified. j\OOZ'Y, a. Miry; containing soft mud; by not cloudy, not gloomy. I think the
ON’SET, n. [on and set.) A rushing or set- resembling ooze; as the oozy bed of a definition wrong. In America, an open
ting upon; a violent attack ; assault; a river. Pope.|) winter is one in which the earth is not
storming ; appropriately, the assault of an O/PACATE, v. t. [L. opaco.] To shade ; to bound with frost and covered with snow.
army or body of troops upon an enemy or darken ; to obscure; to cloud. [.Vot used.] 10. Public; before a court and its suitors.
a fort. Boyle. His testimony was given in open court.
The shout OPACITY, n. [L. opacitas.] Opakeness ; 11. Admitting all persons without restraint ;
Of battle now began and rushing sound the quality of a body which renders it free to all comers. He keeps open house
Of onset. Milton. impervious to the rays of light; want of] at the election.
2. An attack of any kind ; as the impetuous transparency. Opacity may exist in bod- 12. Clear of ice ; as, the river or the harbor
onset of grief. Philips. les of any color. is open.
ON’SET, v. t. To assault; to begin. [Nol; 2. Darkness; obscurity. Glanville. 13. Plain; apparent; evident ; public; not
used. |
ONSLAUGHT, n. on/slaut. [on and slay.]
Carew. OPA’COUS, a. [L. opacus.] Not pervious
to the rays of light; not transparent.
| secret or concealed; as an open declara-
tion; open avowal; open shame; open
Attack ; storm; onset. [JVot wsed.] 2. Dark; obscure. [See Opake.] defiance. The nations contend in open
Hudibras. OPA’COUSNESS, n. Imperviousness to war or in open arms.
ONTOLOG'I€, [See Ontology.] Per- light. Evelyn. \14. Not wearing disguise; frank; sincere;
ONTOLOG'I€AL, § “ taining to the science O’/PAH, n. A fish of a large kind with a unreserved ; candid ; artless.
of being in general and its affections. smooth skin, found on the coast of Guinea. He was held a man open and of good faith.
ONTOL’/OGIST, n. One who treats of or Dict. Nat. Hist. Bacon.
considers the nature and qualities of being OPA’KE, a. [L. opacus; Fr. opaque.] Im- His generous, open, undesigning heart.
in general. pervious to the rays of light; not transpa- Addison.
Vol. WY. ow
 OPE OPE OPE
15. Not clouded ; not contracted or frown- 17. To begin to see by the removal of some-| OP/ERABLE, a. Practicable. [Not used.}
ing ;having an air of frankness and sin- thing that intercepted the view; as, we Brown.
cerity ;as an open look. eg round the point and opened the har- OP/ERANT, a. [See eel Having pow-
With aspect open shall erect his head. or. er to produce an effect. [Not used. We
Pope. OPEN, v. i. o/pn. To unclose itself; to be now use operative.] Shak.
16. Not hidden; exposed to view. unclosed ; to be parted. OP/ERATE, v. 7. [L. operor ; Sp. operar ;
We are to exercise our thoughts and lay open The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan,
the treasures of divine truth. Burnet.
Fr. operer ; Eth. 12 gaber, to make,
and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. evi.
17. Ready to hear or receive what is ofter- 2. To begin to appear. As we sailed round do, form or ordain ; deriv. TINZ tagabar,
ed. the point, the harbor opened to our view.) to work, to operate, to labor, to till; W.
His ears are open to their ery. Ps. xxxiv. 3. To commence; to begin. Sales of stock goberu, to operate; Arm. ober or gober,
18. Free to be employed for redress ; not opened at par. to make; ober or euffr, work; Ir. obair;
restrained or denied ; not precluding any 4. To bark; a term in hunting. Sp. Port. obra; Fr. euvre, ouvrage. The
person. OPENED, pp. o/pned. Unclosed ; unbarred; corresponding verb in Hebrew and Chal-
The law is open. Acts xix. unsealed; uncovered ; revealed ; disclos- dee, 433 signifies to be strong, to prevail,
19. Exposed ; not protected ; without de- ed; made plain ; freed from obstruction, and in Arabic, to bind fast, to consolidate,
fense. The country is open to invaders. OPENER, 2. o/pner. One that opens or re- to repair. The primary sense is to strain
—Hiath left me open to all injuries. — Shak. moves any fastening or covering. Milton. or press, to exert force. Class Br. No.
20. Attentive: employed in inspection. 2. One that explains; an interpreter. 14.]
Thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the Shak. 1. To act; to exert power or strength, phys-
sons of men— Jer. xxxii. 3. That which separates ; that which rends. ical or mechanical. External bodies ope-
21. Clear; unobstructed ; as an open view. Boyle. rate on animals by means of perception.
22. Unsettled; not balanced or closed; as Sound operates upon the auditory nerves
4, An aperient in medicine.
an open account. OPENEYED, a. o/pneyed. Watchful; vigi- through the medium of air. Medicines
Open accounts between merchants.
Johnson's Rep. Jant. operate on the body by inereasing or di-
Shak.
OPENHANDED, a. o'pnhanded. Gener- minishing organic action.
93. Not closed ; free to be debated; as a
ous; liberal; munificent. Rowe. 2. To act or produce effect on the mind; to
question open for discussion. exert moral power or influence. Motives
24. In music, an open note is that which a OPENHE\ARTED, a. o'pnharted. Candid;
string is tuned to produce. Busby. frank ; generous. Dryden. operate on the mind in determining the
OPEN. v. t. o/pn. [Sax. opentan ; D. open- OPENHE\ARTEDLY, adv. With frank- judgment. Examples operate in produ-
ness ; without reserve. cing imitation.
en; G. éffnen; Sw. opna; Dan. aabner;
Ch. Relig. Appeal. The virtues of private persons operate but on.
Ar. hela. Class Bn. No. 3.] OPENHE‘ARTEDNESS, n. Frankness ; a few— Atterbury.
candor; sincerity; munificence ;generos- A plain convincing reason operates on the
. To unclose; to unbar ; to unlock; to re- ity. Johnson. mind both of a learned and an ignorant hearer
move any fastening or cover and set open ; OPENING, ppr. o/pning. Unclosing ; un- as long as he lives. Swift.
as, to open a door or gate; to open a desk. sealing ; uncovering ; revealing ; inter- 3. In surgery, to perform some manual act
. To break the seal of a letter and unfold it. preting. in a methodical manner upon a human
. To separate parts that are close; as, to OPENING, n. o'pning. A breach; an aper- body, and usually with instruments, with
open the lips; to open the mouth or eyes ture ;a hole or perforation. a view to restore soundness or health ; as
or eyelids ; to open a book. 2. A place admitting entrance; as a bay or in amputation, lithotomy and the like.
. To remove a covering from ; as, to open a creek. 4. To act ; to have agency ; to produce any
pit. 3. Dawn; first appearance or visibleness; eflect.
. To cut through; to perforate; to lance; beginning of exhibition or discovery. OP’ERATE, v.t. To effect; to produce by
as, to open the skin 3 to open an abscess. The opening of your glory was like that of agency.
. To break; to divide; to splitor rend; as, light. Dryden. The same cause would operate a diminution
the earth was opened in many places by of the value of stock— Hamilton.
an earthquake; a rock is opened by blast-
OPENLY, adv. o/pnly. Publicly ; not in
private ;without secrecy ; as, toavow our [This use is not frequent, and can hardly
ing. sins and follies openly. be said to be well authorized.}
st. To clear; to make by removing obstruc- How grossly and openly do many of us con- OPERAT‘ICAL, a. Pertaining to the ope-
tions ; as, to open a road ; to open a pass- tradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungod- ra; a word used by musicians. Busby.
age; the heat of spring opens rivers bound liness and worldly lusts ! Tillotson. OP/ERATING, ppr. Acting ; exerting agen-
with ice. 2. Plainly ;evidently ; without reserve or cy or power; performing some manual
8. To spread; to expand; as, to open the disguise. act in surgery.
hand. OPENMOUTHED, a. o/pnmouthed. Gree-) \OPERA‘TION, n. [L. operatio.) The act or
9. To unstop; as, to open a bottle. dy ; ravenous; clamorous ; as ap open- process of operating ;agency; the exer-
10. To begin; to make the first exhibition. mouthed lion. DL?Estrange. tion of power, physical, mechanical or
The attorney general opens the cause on OPENNESS, 2. o/pnness. Freedom from} moral.
ihe part of the king or the state. Homer covering or obstruction ; as the openness
opens his poem with the utmost simplicity Speculative painting without the assistance
ofa country. of manual operation, can never attain to per-
and modesty. 2. Plainness; clearness ; freedom from ob- fection. Dryden.
11. To show; to bring to view or knowl- security or ambiguity ; as, deliver your an- The pain and sickness caused by manna are
edge. swers with more openness. Shak. the effects of its operation on the stomach,
The English did adventure far to open the 3. Freedom from disguise ;unreseryeduess ; Locke.
north parts of America. Abbot. plainness. Felton. So we speak ofthe operation of motives,
12. To interpret ; to explain. 4. Expression of frankness or candor; as reasons or arguments on the mind, the
—While he opened to us the Scriptures. openness of countenance, operation of causes, &c.
Luke xxiv. 5. nusual mildness; freedom from
snow 2. Action; effect.
13. 'To reveal; to disclose. He opened his and frost; as the openness of a winter. Many medicinal drugs of rare operation.
mind very freely. OPERA, n. [It. Sp. Fr. from L. opera,| Heylin.
14. To make liberal; as, to open the heart. work, labor.] 3. Process; manipulation; series of acts in
15. To make the first discharge of artillery ; A dramatic composition set to music and experiments ; asin chimistry or metallur-
us, to open a heavy fire on the enemy. sung on the stage, accompanied with mu-, sy-
16. ‘To enter on or begin; as, to open a ne- sical instruments and enriched with mag- 4. In surgery, any methodical action of the
gotiation or correspondence; to open a nificent dresses, machines, dancing, We. hand, or of the hand with instruments, on
trade with the Indies. Encyc.!| the human body, with a view to heala
 0 PH OP! OPI
part diseased, fractured or dislocated, as lighter green ; in other words, containing, \OPI/NING, ppr. Thinking. Obs.
in amputation, &c. greenish white crystals of feldspar. OPI'NING, n. Opinion; notion. Obs.
5. Action or movements of an army or fleet; Cleaveland. Taylor.
as military or naval operations. OPHIU/€HUS, n. [Gr. opcovzos ; opes, a ser- OPINION, n. opin'yon. [Fr. id. ;L. opinio,
6. Movements of machinery. pent, and exw, to have.] from opinor, to think, Gr. exworw ; or Ar.
7. Movements of any physical body. A constellation in the northern hemisphere. --Ss

Milton. os?) abana, to think, to suspect. The

OPERATIVE, a. Having the power of act-
ing; exerting force, physical or moral ; OPHTHAL MIE, a. [See Ophthalmy.] Per- primary sense is to set, to fix in the mind,
having or exerting agency ; active in the taining to the eye. as in L. suppono.}
production of effects. OPHTHALMOS’COPY, 2x. [Gr. opdaruos, . The judgment which the mind forms of
In actions of religion we should be zealous, the eye, and oxomsa, to view. | any proposition, statement, theory or event,
active and operative, so far as prudence will A branch of physiognomy which deduces, the truth or falsehood of which is support-
permit. f ’ Taylor. the knowledge of a man’s temper and ed by a degree of evidence that renders it
It holds in all operative principles, especially manner from the appearance of the eyes. probable, but does not produce absolute
in morality. South. Encye. knowledge or certainty. It has been a
9, Efficacious; producing the effect. OPH’THALMY, n. [Gr. op9aruca, from received opinion that all matter is com-
OP/ERATOR, n. He or that which ope- op9aruos, the eye.] prised in four elements. This opinion is
rates; he or that which produces an ef- \A disease of the eyes; an inflammation of proved by many discoveries to be false.
fect. the membranes which invest the eye. From circumstances we form opinions
2. In surgery, the person who performs some Encyc. respecting future events.
act upon the human body by means ofthe Inflammation ofthe eye or its appenda- Opinion is when the assent of the under-
hand, or with instruments; as a skillful op- ges. Good. standing is so far gained by evidence of proba-
erator. O'PIATE, n. [from opium.] Primarily, a bility, that it rather inclines to one persuasion
medicine of a thicker consistence than than to another, yet not without a mixture of
OPER’CULATE, [L.operculatus, from uncertainty or doubting. Hale.
OPER’CULATED, ;a operio, to cover.| In sirup, prepared with opium. Encye.
A soft electuary. The judgment or sentiments which the
botany, having a lid or cover, as a capsule. mind forms of persons or their qualities.
Martyn. Electuaries when soft are called opiata.
Parr. We speak of a good opinion, a favorable
OPER’€ULIFORM,a. [L. operculum, a lid, But in modern usage generally, opinion, a bad opinion, a private opinion,
and form.) Having the form of a lid or |2, Any medicine that has the quality of in- and public or general opinion, &c.
cover. Say. ducing sleep or repose ; a narcotic. Friendship gives a man a peculiar right and
OPERO'SE, a. [L. operosus, from opera, | Encyc. claim to the good opinion of his friend.
operor.| 3. That which induces rest or inaction ; that! South.
Laborious ; attended with labor; tedious. which quiets uneasiness. oC) Settled judgment or persuasion ; as re-
Burnet. They chose atheism as an opiate. Bentley.
ligious opinions ; political opinion.
OPERO’SENESS, n. The state of being O'PIATE, a. Inducing sleep; soporiferous ; 4, Favorable judgment ; estimation.
laborious. More. somniferous ; narcotic. Bacon. In actions of arms, sinall matters are of great
2. Causing rest or inaction. Milton! moment, especially when they serve to raise an
O/PETIDE, n. [ope and tide.] The ancient OPIF'ICER, n. [L. opifer ;opus, work, and
time of marriage, from Epiphany to Ash- opinion of commanders. Hayward.
fucio, to do.] However, I have no opinion of these things—
Wednesday. Bp. Hall. ‘One who performs any work. [.Vot used.] Bacon.
OPHID'IAN, a. [Gr. ogcs, a serpent.] Per- Bentley. OPINION, v.¢. To think. [.Vot used.]
taining to serpents; designating an order Brown.
\OPI'NABLE, a. [L. opinor.] That may be
of vertebral animals destitute offeet or fins. thought. [.Vol used. Dict. OPIN IONATE, Stiffin opinion ; firm-
OPHID ‘ION, n. [Gr. from opes, a serpent.] A OPINA’TION, n. Act of thinking ; opinion. OPINIONATED, ;a: ly or unduly adher-
fish of the anguilliform kind, resembling the Not used.| Dict. ing to one’s own opinion ; obstinate in
common eel, but shorter, more depressed opinion. Bedell.
OPIN'ATIVE, a. Stiff in opinion. [Not;
and ofa paler color; found inthe Mediter- used. | Burton. \OPIN' IONATELY, adv. Obstinately ; con-
ranean. Dict. Nat. Hist. OPINA’TOR, x. One fond of his own opin- ceitedly. Feltham.
OPHIOLOG’TE€, Pertaining to ophi- ions; one who holds an opinion. —[.Vot in OPIN 'IONATIVE, a. Fond of preconceiv-
OPHIOLOGICAL, t* ology. use.| Glanville. ed notions; unduly attached to one’s own
OPHIOL/OGIST, n. One versed in the nat- OPI'NE, v. i. [L. opinor.} To think;to sup-) opinions. Burnet.
ural history of serpents. | pose. Obs. South. OPINIONATIVELY, adv. With undue
OPHIOL/OGY, n. [Gr. opis, serpent, and OPUNED, pp. Thought; conceived. Obs. fondness for one’s own opinions; stub-
noyos, discourse. | OPINER, a. One who thinks or holds an} bornly.
That part of natural history which treats of | opinion. Obs. Taylor. OPIN IONATIVENESS, n. Excessive at-
serpents, or which arranges and describes OPINIAS’TER, [Fr. opiniatre.] Un- tachment to one’s own opinions ; obstina-
the several kinds. Ed. Encyc. OPINIAS TROUS, boduly attached to) cy in opinion,
OPHIOM’ANCY, n. [Gr. opis, a serpent, OPINIA’/TRE, one’s own opinion, OPIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular
and pavtaca, divination. | orstiffin adhering to it. Obs. Raleigh. opinions ; conceited. South.
In antiquity, the art of divining or predicting OPIN'IATE, v. t. To maintain one’s opin- OPIN'‘IONIST, x. One fond of his own no-
events by serpents, as by their manner of || jon with obstinacy. Obs. Barrow. tions, or one unduly attached to his own
eating or by their coils. Encye. OPIN'TIATED, a. Unduly attached to one’s opinions. Glanville.
OPHIOMORPH’OUS, a. [Gr. ops and own opinions. Shenstone. OPIS’THODOME, n. [Gr. omcc6cos, that is
poppy, form.] Having the form of a ser- OPINIA’TER, a. Stiff in opinion; obsti- behind, and douos, house. ]
pent. Ray. nate. Obs. Barrow.) In Greece, a part or place in the back part of
OPHIOPH’AGOUS, a. [Gr. opes, a serpent, OPIN‘TIATIVE, a. Very stiffin adherence to|| a house. Mitford.
and gaye, toeat.] Eating or feeding on preconceived notions. Sandys. \O/PIUM, n. [L. opium; Gr. omvoy, from onos,
serpents. Brown. 2. Imagined ; not proved. Glanville. juice.|
O'PHITE, a. [Gr. opis, a serpent.] Pertain- OPIN TATIVENESS, n. Undue stiffnessin Opium is the inspissated juice of the cap-
ing to a serpent. Holwell. opinion. Raleigh.| sules of the papaver somniferum, or somni-
O/PHITE, n. (Gr. ops, a serpent, whence OPINIA’/TOR. n. One unduly attached to ferous white poppy with which the fields
opurs, a stone spotted like a serpent.] his own opinion. Obs. in Asia Minor are sown, as ours are with
Green porphyry, or serpentine ; a variety of JOPIN‘IATRY, w«. Unreasonable attach- wheat and rye. It flows from incisions
greenstone of a dusky green color of dif- ment to one’s own notions; obstinacy in made in the heads of the plant, and the
ferent shades, sprinkled with spots of a opinions. Obs. Brovwn,}| best flows from the first incision. It is
 GLPFP OPP OPP
imported into Europe and America from OPPO'NE, v. t. [L. oppono; ob and pono, unusual. Two different verbs may be
the Leyant and the East Indies. It is to put.| To oppose. [JVot used.] B. Jonson.) used, as in L. fero,tuli. See Pose.}
brought in cakes or masses weighing from OPPO'NENCY, n. [See Opponent.] The! 1. To set against; to put in oppposition,
eight ounces to a pound. It is heavy, of a opening of an academical disputation ; with a view to counterbalance or counter-
dense texture, of a brownish yellow color, the proposition of objections to a tenet; vail, and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or
not perfectly dry, but easily receiving an’ an exercise for a degree. [I believe not. prevent effect ;as, to oppose one argument
impression from the finger; it has a dead used in America.] Todd. to another.
and faint smell, and its taste is bitter and (OPPO'NENT, a. [L. opponens, oppono; ob I may without presumption oppose my single
acrid. Opium is of great use as a medi- and pono, to set, put or lay, that is, to) opinion to his. Locke.
cine. Hill. Encyce. thrust against; Heb. Syr. Ch. Ar. 733 to! 2. To actagainst; to resist, either by physic-
O'PLE-TREE, a. [L. opulus.] The witch- build, that is, to set, to found, L. fundo.]) al means, by arguments or other means.
hazel. Obs. Ainsworth. That opposes; opposite; adverse. Prior.| The army opposed the progress of the ene-
OPOBAL/SAM, n. [L. Gr. omos, juice, and OPPO'NENT, n. One that opposes; par-, my, but without success. Several mem-
balsamum.} ticularly, one that opposes in controversy, bers of the house strenuously opposed the
The balm or balsam of Gilead. It hasa yel- disputation or argument. It issometimes, bill, but it passed.
lowish or greenish yellow color, a warm applied to the person that begins a dis- 3. 'To check; to resist effectually. The ar-
bitterish aromatic taste, and an acidulous pute by raising objections to a tenet or my was not able to oppose the progress of
fragrant smell. It is held in esteem as a doctrine, and is correlative to defendant or, the enemy.
medicine and as an odoriferous unguent respondent. In common usage. however, 4. To place in front; to set opposite. Shai.
and cosmetic. The shrub or tree pro- it is applicable to either party in a contro- 5. "To act against, as a competitor.
{

ducing this balsam is of the genus Amyris, versy, denoting any person who opposes OPPO'SE, v. i. s as z. To act adversely;
and grows spontaneously in Arabia Felix.) another or his cause. Opponent may with against ;as, aservant opposed against
‘ Encye. sometimes be used for adversary, and for the act. [Not used.] Shak,
OPODEL/DOE, n. The name of a plaster, | antagonist, but not with strict propriety, 2. To object or act against in controversy.
said to have been invented by Mindererus ; as the word does not necessarily imply en- Johnson.
but in modern usage, mity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used) OPPO/SED, pp. Set in opposition ; resisted.
2. A saponaceous camphorated liniment; a in the sense ofrival or competitor. 2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in
solution of soap in ardent spirits, with the OPPORTU'NE, a. [L. opportunus ; ob and) act; adverse.
addition of camphor and essential oils. | porto, to bear or bring; probably from the Certain characters were formerly opposed to it.
Nicholson. root of fero or porto, to bear. The sense of; Federalist, Jay.
OPO’/PANAX, n. [L. ; Gr. oxos, juice, and the verb opporto, would be to bring to or OPPO’SELESS, a. Not to be opposed; ir-
ntavas, a plant.] | upon. See Import, Importune. In this resistible. [JVot in use.] Shak
A gum-resin of a tolerably firm texture, and all words oflike signification, the pri- OPPO’SER, n. One that opposes; an op-
broughtin loose granules or drops, some- mary sense is to fall, come or bring to.) ponent in party, in principle, in controver-
timesinlarger masses. This substance on See Luck, Fortune, Season.] | sy or argument. We speak of the oppo-
the outside is of a brownish red color, ‘Properly, having come or being present at a sers of public measures; the opposers of
with specks of white, and within of al proper time; hence, seasonable; timely ; ecclesiastical discipline; an opposer of
dusky yellow or whitish color. It has aj welltimed. It agrees with seasonable christianity or of orthodoxy.
strong smell and an acrid taste. It is ob- rather than with convenient, though the 2. One who acts in opposition ;one who re-
tained from the roots of an umbelliferous| | sense of the latter may be included in it. sists; as an opposer of law or of the exe-
plant of the genus Pastinaca or parsnep, Perhaps in view cution of law.
and is brought from Turkey and the East| Of those bright confines, whence with neigh- 3. An antagonist ;an adversary; an enemy:
Indies. Encyc. Parr. boring arms, a rival.
|
OPOS/SUM, m. A quadruped of the genus And opportune excursion, we may chance J}OP/POSITE, a. [Fr. from L. oppositus.)
Didelphis. It has a prehensile tail, like | Re-enter heaven. Milton.) 1, Standing or situated in front; facing ; as
some of the monkeys, and is distinguished OPPORTU'NELY, adv. Seasonably; at an edifice opposite to the Exchange.
by a pouch or false belly, in which it pro- a time favorable for the purpose. It has Brooklyn lies opposite to New York, or on
tects and carries its young. ‘The name is been applied to place, as well as to time, the opposite side of the river.
also given to other species of the genus, but its proper application is to lime, and, 2. Adverse ; repugnant.
some of which want the pouch. hence it accords with seasonably, rather, —Novels, by which the reader is misled inte
util than with conveniently. | another sort of pleasure opposite to that de-
Encye. Cwier. signed in an epic poem. Dryden.
OP'PIDAN, n. [L. oppidanus, from oppi- OPPORTUNITY, x. [L. opportunitas.] Fit 3. Contrary ; as words of opposite significa-
dum, a city or town.| An inhabitant ofa or convenient time; atime favorable for’
the purpose ; suitable time combined with tions ; opposite terms. The medicine had
town. [JVol used.} Wood. an effect opposite to what was expected.
2, An appellation given to the students of!) other favorable circumstances. Suitable-|
4. In botany, growing in pairs, each pair de-
Eton school in England. Mason.| | ness of time is the predominant significa- cussated or crossing that above and below
tion, but it includes generally cireum-
OP’/PIDAN, a. Pertaining toa town., [.Nol! stances of place and other conveniences it; as opposite leaves or branches.
used. | Howell. adapted tothe end desired. Martyn.
OPPIG/NERATE, v. t. [L. oppignero; ob A wise man will make more opportunities OPPOSITE, x. An opponent; an adver-
and pignero, to pledge, from pignus, | than he finds. ; Bacon. sary; anenemy ; an antagonist.
pledge.| To pledge; to pawn. [Not in \ Thad an opportunity to see the cloud de- Shak. Dryden.
use. Bacon. scend. Brown. 2. That which is opposed or contrary.
GOP/PILATE, v. t. [L. oppilo; ob and pilo, Neglect no opportunity of doing good. ||OP‘POSITELY, adv. In tront ; ina situa-
to drive.] Atterbury. tion to face each other. Grew.
2. Convenient means. I had an opportunity 2. Adversely ; against each other.
‘Yo crowd together; to fill with obstruc-
tions. of sending the letter, or no opportunity to! Winds from all quarters oppositely blow.
send it. Opportunities rarely occur or fre- May.
OPPILA/TION, n. The act of filling or|| quently offer, |OP’/POSITENESS, n. The state of bein
crowding together; a stopping by re- jOPPO/SAL, n. s as ~ z. Opposition. [Vol opposite or contrary. §
dundant matter; obstructions, particularly||| used.} Herbert.| OPPOSITIFO’LIOUS. «. [L. oppositus and
in the lower intestines. Encyc. Harvey.
OPPO'SE, v. t. 8 asz. [Fr. opposer ; ob and Solium, a leaf.]
OP'PILATIVE, a. (Fr. oppilatif.] Obstruct- poser, to set; L. oppono, opposut. It is, In botany, opposite to the leaf; as an opposi-
ive. Sherwood. doubtful whether Fr. poser, and the preter-| tifolious pedunele. Lee.
OPPLE'TED, a. [L. oppletus.] Filled; it and participle passive of the Latin verb, OPPOSITION, x. [L. oppositio.] Situa-
crowded. [.Vot in use.] belong’to pono. Thechange ofx into s is tion so as to front something else ; a stand-
 OLE Ore ® OR
ing over against; as the opposition of two one that harasses others with unjust laws OP’TIES, x. The science which treats of
mountains or buildings. or unreasonable severity. light and the phenomena of vision.
2. The act of opposing; attempt to check, Power when employed to relieve the op- Eneyce.
restrain or defeat. He makes opposition pressed and to punish the oppressor, becomes OP’TIMACY, n. [L. optimates, grandees,
to the measure; the bill passed without a great blessing. Swift. from oplimus, best.]| ‘The body of nobles ;
opposition. Will any opposition be made OPPRO’BRIOUS, a. [See Opprobrium.] the nobility. Howell.
to the suit, to the claim or demand? 1. Reproachful and contemptuous; scurri- OP’TIMISM, n. [L. optimus, best.] The
3. Obstacle. The river meets with no op- lous; as opprobriows language ;_ opprobri- opinion or doctrine that every thing in na-
position in its course to the ocean. ; ous words or terms. ture is ordered for the best; or the order
4. Resistance; as the opposition of enemies. 2. Blasted with infamy ; despised ;rendered of things in the universe that is adapted
Virtue will break through all opposition. hateful ; as an opprobriows name. to produce the most good.
5. Contrariety; repugnance in principle; as Milton. Daniel. ‘The true and amiable philosophy of opti-
the opposition of the heart to the laws of OPPRO’BRIOUSLY, adv. With reproach mism. Walsh.
God. mingled with contempt; scurrilously. A system of strict optimism may be the real
6. Contrariety of interests, measures or de- Shak. system in both cases. Paley.
signs. The two parties are in opposition OPPRO’BRIOUSNESS, n. Reproachful- OPTIM'ITY, x. The state of being best.
to each other. ness mingled with contempt ; scurrility. OP’‘TION, n. [L. optio, from opto, to wish or
7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning; as OPPRO’BRIUM, n. [L. ob and probrum,)| desire.}
ene term used in opposition to another. disgrace. ] 1. The power of choosing; the right of
8. Contradiction: inconsistency. Locke. Reproach mingled with contempt or dis-)| choice or election; as the archbishop’s op-
9. The collective body of opposers; in Eng- dain. hon in collating to a vacant benefice.
land, the party in Parliament which op- OPPUGN, v. t. oppu’ne. [L. oppugno ; ob! There is an option left to the U. States of
poses the ministry; in America, the par- and pugno, to fight, from pugnus, the fist,| America, whether they will be respectable and
ty that opposes the existing administra- Sp. puno, Fr. poing.] prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a
tion. t
To attack ; to oppose; to resist. nation.
They said the manner of their impeachment 2. The power of wishing; wish.
Washington.
10. In astronomy, the situation of two
they could not but conceive did oppugn the 3. Choice; election; preference. He ought
heavenly bodies, when distant from each rights of parliament. Clarendon.
other 180 degrees. . not to complain of his lot; it was his own
{ft is never used in the literal sense, to option. We leave this to your own option.
OPPOSI’TIONIST, n. One that belongs to
the party opposing the administration. Jig
firht.| \OP‘TIONAL, a. Left to one’s wish or
OPPUG’NANCY, x. Opposition; resist-|| | choice; depending on choice or prefer-
OPPOS‘ITIVE, @. That may be put in op- ance. Shak. | ence. Itis optional with you to go or stay.
position. Hall. OPPUGNA‘TION, x. Opposition; resist- 2. Leaving something to choice.
OPPRESS’, v. t. [Fr. oppresser ; L. oppres- ance. Hail.
sus, from opprimo ; ob and premo, to press. — OPPUGNED, pp. oppu'ned. Opposed ; Original writs are either optional or peremp-
1. To load or burden with unreasonable im tory. Blackstone.
resisted.
positions; to treat with unjust severity, OPPUGNER, n. oppu/ner. One who op- OP/ULENCEH, xn. [L. opulentia, from opes,
vigor or hardship; as, to oppress a nation wealth.] Wealth; riches; affluence.
poses or attacks ; that which opposes. [Opulency ¢s little used.] Swift.
with taxes or contributions; to oppress Boyle.
one by compelling him to perform unreas- OPPUGNING, ppr. oppu'ning. Attacking; OP‘ULENT, a. [L. opulentus.] Wealthy;
onable service. rich; affluent; having a large estate or
opposing.
2. To overpower ; to overburden; as, to be OPSIM/ATHY, n. [Gr. ofcuaderca; oe, late, property. Bacon. South.
oppressed with grief. and warfare, to learn.] Late education; OP‘ULENTLY, adv. Richly; with abun-
3. To sit or lie heavy on; as, excess of food education late in life. [Little used.] dance or splendor.
oppresses the stomach. Hales. OPUS’/€ULE, x. [L. opusculum.] A small
OPPRESS’ED, pp. Burdened with unreas- OPSONA'TION, n. [L. obsono, to cater. ]| work. Jones.
onable impositions ;overpowered ; over- A catering; a buying ofprovisions. [Not OR, atermination of Latin nouns, is a con-
burdened; depressed.
used. Dict. traction of vir, a man, or from the same
OPPRESS/ING, ppr. Overburdening. OP'TABLE, a. [L. optabilis, from opto, to
OPPRESSION, n. The act of oppressing; desire.] Desirable. radix. The same word vir, is in our
[.Vot used.]
the imposition of unreasonable burdens, OPTA‘TION, n. [L. optatio.] A desiring5) mother tongue, wer, and from this we
either in taxes or services; cruelty; se- have the English termination er.
the expression ofa wish. Peacham.| It denctes an agent, as in actor, creditor.
verity. :
2. The state of being oppressed or overbur- OP'TATIVE, a. [L. optativus, from opto, to} We annex it to many words of English
dened; misery. Shak. desire or wish.] origin, as in lessor, as we do er to words of
The Lord—saw the oppression of Israel. 2 Expressing desire or wish. The optative Latin and Greek origin, as in astronomer,
Kings xiii. mode, in grammar, is that form of the laborer. In general, or is annexed to words
3. Hardship; calamity. Addison. verb in which wish or desire is expressed. of Latin, and er to those of Enelish ori-
4. Depression; dullness ofspirits ; lassitude OP’'TATIVE, n. Something to be desired.! gin.
of body. Arbuthnot.) [Little used.} Bacon.| OR, conj. [Sax. other; G. oder. It seems
5. Asense of heaviness or weight in the OP'TI€, (Gr. omzixos, from orouat, that or is a mere contraction ofother.]
breast, &c. OP’TICAL, ,* to see; wy, the eye.] Re-| A connective that marks an alternative.
OPPRESSIVE, a. Unreasonably burden- lating or pertaining to vision or sight. * You may read or may write ;” that is,
some ; unjustly severe ; as oppressive taxes ;2. Relating to the science of optics. you may do one of the things at your
oppressive exactions of service. Optic angle, is that which the optic axes of, pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to
9 Vyrannical; as an oppressive govern- the eyes make with one another, as they either. You may either ride to London, or
ment. tend to meet at some distance before the to Windsor. It often connects a series of
3. Heavy; overpowering ; overwhelming ; eyes. words or propositions, presenting a choice
as oppressive grief or wo. Optic avis, is the axis of the eye, or a line of either. He may study law or medi-
OPPRESS'IVELY, adv. In a manner to} going through the middle of the pupil and cine or divinity, o7 he may enter into trade.
oppress ;with unreasonable severity. the center ofthe eye. Encye. Or sometimes begins a sentence, but in this
Burke. OP’TI¢€, n. Anorgan ofsight. case it expresses an alternative with the
Trumbull. foregoing sentence. Matt. vii. and ix.
OPPRESS‘IVENESS, n. The quality of OPTI’CIAN, n. A person skilled in the} In poetry, or is sometimes used for either.
being oppressive. science of optics. Smith.| For thy vast bounties are so numberless,
OPPRESS/OR, n. One that oppresses; one 2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and} That them or to conceal or else to tell
that imposes unjust burdens on others } instruments. Adams. Is equally impossible. Cowley,
 ORA ORA ORB
Or is often used to express an alternative of] ange resembles in color; It. arancio; Sp. ORATO’RIALLY, mh In a rhetorical
terms, definitions or explanations of the naranjo; Port. laranja; D. oranje; G. ORATOR/I€ALLY, * manner.
same thing in different words. Thus we orange. | Taylor.
say, a thing is a square, or a figure un- The fruit of a species of Citrus which grows ORATO’RIO, x. [It.] In Malian music, a
der four equal sides and angles. in warm climates. ‘The fruit is round and sacred drama of dialogues, containing re-
Or ever. In this phrase, or is supposed to be depressed; it has a rough rind, which citatives, duets, trios, ritornellos, chorus-
a corruption of ere, Sax. ere, before ; that when ripe is yellow. This contains a ve- es, &c. The subjects are mostly taken
is, before ever. sicular pulp inclosed in nine cells for seeds. from the Scriptures. Encyc.
OR, in heraldry, gold. [Fr.or, L. awrum.]} The tree producing oranges grows to the! '2. A place of worship ; a chapel.
OR’ACH, 0, A plant of the genus Atri- highth of ten or twelve feet and bears the JOR/ATORY, n. [Low L. oratoria, from ora-
OR’‘RACH, § " plex, used as a substitute for same name. tor.}
spinage. Encyc. OR/ANGE-MUSK, n. A species of pear. 1. The art of speaking well, or of speaking
Wild orach is of the genus Chenopodium. OR’ANGE-PEEL, n. The rind of an or- according to the rules ofrhetoric,in order
ORACLE, n. [Fr. from L. oraculum, from ange separated from the fruit. to persuade. To constitute oratory, the
oro, to utter ; Sp. oraculo ; Ir. oracolo.] OR/ANGERY, n. [Fr. orangerie.) A plant- speaking must be just and pertinent to the
1. Among pagans, the answer of a god or ation of orange trees. Johnson. subject; it must be methodical, all parts
some person reputed to be a god, to an in- OR/ANGE-TAWNY, a. Of the color of an of the discourse being disposed in due or-
quiry made respecting some affair of im- orange. Bacon. der and connection ; and it must be em-
portance, usually respecting some future OR’ANGE-WIFE, x. A woman that sells bellished with the beauties of language
event, as the success of an enterprise or oranges. and pronounced with eloquence. Ora-
battle. ORANG-OU’/TANG, n. The satyr or great tory consists of four parts, invention, dis-
2. The deity who gave or was supposed to ape (Simia satyrus,) an animal with a flat position, elocution, and pronunciation.
give answers to inquiries; as the Delphic face and deformed resemblance ofthe hu- ; Encye. Cyc.
oracle. man form. These animals walk erect like 2. Exercise of eloquence. Arbuthnot.
3. The place where the answers were given. man, feed on fruits, sleep on trees, and 3. Among the Romanists, a close apartment
Encye. make a shelter against inclemencies of the near a bed-chamber, furnished with an
4. Among christians, oracles, in the plural, weather. They grow to tbe highth of six altar, a crucifix, &c. for private devotions.
denotes the communications, revelations feet, are remarkably strong, and wield 4. A place allotted for prayer, or a place for
or messages delivered by God to prophets. weapons with the hand. They are solita- | public worship. Hooker. Taylor.
In this sense it is rarely used in the singu- ry animals, inhabiting the interior of Afti-! OR/ATRESS, A female orator.
lar; but we say, the oracles of God, divine ca and the isles of Sumatra, Borneo and OR/ATRIX, §” Warner.
oracles, meaning the Scriptures. Java. Encyc. ORB, n. [L. orbis; Fr. It. Sp. orbe.] A
5. The sanctuary or most holy place in the The orang-outang is found only in S. spherical body; as the celestial orbs.
temple, in which was deposited the ark of Eastern Asia. The African animal re- 2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere.
the covenant. 1 Kings vi. sembling it, is the chimpanzee (Simia Encyc.
6. Any person or place where certain decis- troglodytes.) Cuvier. (3. A wheel; acircular body that revolves or
ions are obtained. Pope. ORA‘TION, n. [L. oratio, from oro, to pray, rolls; as the orbs ofa chariot. Milton.
7. Any person reputed uncommonly wise, to utter.] 4. A circle; a sphere defined by a line; as,
whose determinations are not disputed, or 1. A speech or discourse composed accord- he moves ina larger orb.
whose opinions are of great authority. ing to the rules of oratory, and spoken in! Holiday. Shak.
8. A wise sentence or decision of great au- public. Orations may be reduced to three},5 A circle described by any mundane
thority. kinds; demonstrative, deliberative, and ju- sphere ; an orbit. Dryden.
OR/A€LE, v. 7. To utter oracles. Milton. dicial. Encyc. iG. Period; revolution oftime. Shak.
ORA€C/ULAR, Uttering oracles; asan 2. In modern usage, an oration differs from) . The eye. Milton.
ORA€’ULOUS, ;@ oracular tongue. a sermon, from an argument at the bar, In tactics, the circular form of a body of
The oraculous seer. Pope. and from a speech before a deliberative) troops, or a circular body oftroops.
2, Grave; venerable ; like an oracle; as an assembly. The word is now applied) | Encye.
oracular shade. chiefly to discourses pronounced on spe- The ancient astronomers conceived the
They have something venerable and oracu- cial occasions, as a funeral oration, an) heavens as consisting of several vast azure
lar in that unadorned gravity and shortness in oration on some anniversary, &c. and to transparent orbs or spheres inclosing one
the expression. Pope. academic declamations. another, and including the bodies of the
3. Positive ; authoritative; magisterial; as 3. A harangue; a public speech or address.| planets. Hutton.
oraculous expressions of sentiments.
OR’ATOR, n. [L.] A public speaker. Tn} ORB, v. t. 'To form into a circle. Milton.
Glanville. ancient Rome, orators were advocates for ORB/ATE, a. [L. orbatus.] Bereaved; fa-
4. Obscure ; ambiguous, like the oracles of clients in the forum and before the senate therless; childless.
pagan deities. King. and people. They were employed in ORBA'TION, n. [L. orbatio, from orbo, te
causes of importance instead of the com- | bereave.]
ORA€/ ULARLY, ie In the manner of
ORAC'ULOUSLY, § ““”* an oracle. mon patron. Encyc.|| ‘Privation of parents or children, or privation
Brown. in general. [Not used.]
2. In modern usage, a person who pro-
2. Authoritatively ; positively. Burke.
nounces a discourse publicly on some spe- ORB’ED, a. Round; circular ; orbicular.
ORA€'ULOUSNESS, xn. The state of be- Shak.
cial occasion, as on the celebration of some
ing oracular. 2. Formed into a circle or round shape.
memorable event.
OR'AISON, n. [F'r. oraison; L. oratio.] 3. An eloquent public speaker; a speaker, Milton.
Prayer; verbal supplication or oral wor- 3. Rounded or covered on the exterior.
ship; now written orison. by way of eminence. We say, a man
The wheels were orbed with gold. Addison.
writes and reasons well, but is no orator.
Shak. Dryden. Lord Chatham was an orator. ORB‘I€, a. Spherical. Bacon.
O/RAL, a. [Fr. from L. os, oris, the mouth. ]
4. In France, a speaker in debate in a legis- ORBIC/ULAR, a. [Fr. orbiculaire, from L.
Uttered by the mouth or in words; spo- orbiculus.] Spherical ; circular; inthe form
lative body.
ken, not written; as oral traditions ; oral
5. In chancery, a petitioner. of an orb. Millon. Addison.
testimony ; oral law. Addison.
6. An officer in the universities in England, ORBIC/ULARLY, adv. Spherically.
0 RALLY, adv. By mouth; in words, with-
out writing ;as traditions derived orally
ORATO’/RIAL, Pertaining to an ora- (ORBI€/ULARNESS, n. Sphericity; the
from ancestors. ORATOR’‘I€CAL, t“ tor or to oratory ; state of being orbicular.
rhetorical; becoming an orator. We say, iORBIC/ULATE, L. — orbiculatus.]
OR/ANGE, n. [Fr. from L. aurantium ; so a man has many oralorical flourishes, or he} ORBICULATED, § lade or being in
named from aurum, gold, which the or-|| speaks in an oratorical way. Watts.|| the form of an orb. In botany, an orbicu-
 ORC OR D OR D
tate or orbicular leaf is one that has the modern play houses, and was occupied byl away, and in ordeal may denote ultimate,
periphery of a circle, or both its longitu- senators and other persons of distinction. final. But the real sense is not obvious.
dinal and transverse diameters equal. Encyc., The practice of ordeal however seems to
Martyn. (2. The body of performers in the ore hester. have had its origin in the belief that the
ORBICULA’TION, n. The state of being) { Busby. substances used had each its particular
made in the form of an orb. — More. OR'€HESTRAL, a. [supra.] Pertaining to} presiding deity that had perfect control
ORB‘IS, A fish of a circular form. an orchester ; suitable for or performed over it.]
ORB-FISH, § ™ It is covered with a firm in the orchester. Busby.| An ancient form of trial to determine
hard skin full of small prickles, but is des- OR’€HIS, n. [L. orchis; Gr. opxes.] A ge-| guilt or innocence, practiced by the rude
titute of scales. It is unfit for food. | nus ofplants, called fool-stones. Encye. nations of Europe, and still practiced in
Dict. Nat. Hist. JORD, n. [Sax.] An edge cr point; as in| the Kast Indies. In England, the ordeal
ORBIT, n. (Fr. orbite; L. orbita, a trace or ordhelm. was of two sorts, fire-ordeal and water-orde-
track, from orbis, a wheel.] Ord signifies beginuing ; as in ords and ends. al; the former being confined to persons
1. In astronomy, the path ofa planet or com- JORDA‘'IN, v. t. (LL. ordino, from ordo, order ; of higher rank, the latter to the common
et; the curve line which a planet describes Fr. ordonner ; lt. ordinare; Sp. ordenar; people. Botb might be performed by
jn its periodical revolution round its cen- Ir. orduighim.] deputy, but the principal was to answer
tral body; as the orbit of Jupiter or Mer- 1. Properly, to set; to establish in a partic- for the success of the trial.
eury. The orbit of the earthis nearly one ular office or order; hence, to invest with Fire-ordeal was performed either by tak-
hundred and ninety millions of miles in di- a ministerial function or sacerdotal power; ing in the hand a piece of red hot iron, or
ameter. The orbit of the moon is 480,000) to introduce and establish or settle in the by walking barefoot and blindfold over
miles in diameter. The orbits of the plan- pastoral office with the customary forms) nine red bot plowshares laid lengthwise at
ets are elliptical. and solemnities ; as, to ordain a minister} unequal distances ;and if the person es-
2. A small orb. [Vol proper.] Young. of the gospel. In America, men are or-| caped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent,
3. In anatomy, the cavity in which the eye dained over a particular church and con- otherwise he was condemned as cuilty.
is situated. gregation, or as evangelists without the) Water-ordeal was performed, either by
ORBITAL, 0, Pertaining to the orbit. charge of a particular church, or as dea- plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boil-
ORBIT’UAL, § * Med. Repos. Hooper. cons in the episcopal church. ing water, or by casting the person sus-
{Orbital is the preferable word.} (2. To appoint; to decree. pected into a river or pond of cold water,
ORB‘ITUDE, [L. orbitas.| Bereave- Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth and if he floated without an effort to swim,
ORB‘ITY, ment by loss of parents month. 1 Kings xii. it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk
or children. [Little used.] Hall. As many as were ordained to eternal life, be- he was acquitted,
ORB’Y, a. [from orb.] Resembling an orb. lieved. Acts xiii. Both in England and Sweden, the cler-
Chapman. The fatal tent, gy presided at this trial. It was at last
The scene of death and place ordained for
ORE, n. [L. orca; Gr. opvya.] A sea-fish, punishment. Dryden. condemned as unlawful by the canon law,
a species of whale. Drayton. 3. To set; to establish ; to institute; to con- and in England it was abolished by an or-
The Delphinus orca is the grampus. stitute. der in council of Henry HW. =Blackstone.
ORCHAL, Mulmutius It is probable our proverbial phrase, to
ORCHEL, [See Archil.] Ordained our laws. Shak.| go through fire and water, denoting severe
ORCHIL. 4, To set apart for an office; to appoint. | trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal ;
OR/CHANET, xn. A plant, [Anchusa tincto- Jesus ordained twelve that they should be as also the trial of witches by water.
ria. | Ainsworth. with him. Mark iii 2. Severe trial; accurate scrutiny.
OR’CHARD, n. [Sax. ortgeard ; Goth. aur- 5. To appoint ; to prepare.
ligards ;Dan. urtegaard ; Sw. ortegard; _ For Pophet is ordained of old. Is. xxx. OR'DER, n. [L. ordo; [qu. Pers. x ay ra-
that is, wort-yard, a yard for herbs. The ORDAINABLE, a. That may be appoint-|
Germans call it bawmgarten, tree-garden, ed. Hall. dah, order, series ;] Fr. ordre; It. ordine ;
and the Dutch boomgaard, tree-yard. See ORDA‘INED, pp. Appointed; instituted; Sp. orden; Sw. Dan. G. Russ. id. ; Ir. ord5
Yard.] established ; invested with ministerial or but all from the Latin except the Persian.]
An inelosure for fruit trees. In Great Brit- pastoral functions ; settled. Regular disposition or methodical ar-
ain, a department of the garden appropri- ORDAUINER, x. One who ordains, ap- rangement of things ; @ word of extensive
ated to fruit trees of all kinds, but chiefly) points or invests with sacerdotal powers. application ; as the order of troops on pa-
rade; the order of books in a library ; the
to apple trees. In America, any piece of),JORDA‘INING, ppr. Appointing ; establish-
land set with apple trees, is called an or-| order of proceedings in a legislative assein-
ing ; Investing with sacerdotal or pasto-| bly. Order is the life of business.
chard ; and orchards are usually cultivat-) ral functions. Good order is the foundation of all good
ed land, being either grounds for mowing| |OR‘DEAL, n. [Sax. ordal or ordal ; G. ur- things. Burke.
or tillage. In some parts of the country, theil ; D. ordeel. The last syllable is deal, . Proper state; as the muskets are all in
apiece of ground planted with peach trees to divide or distribute. The sense of the good order. When the bodily organs are
is called a peach-orchard. But in most prefix is less obvious. Wilkins supposes in order, a person is in health; when they
cases, I believe the orchard in both coun- or to signify without, as in some Saxon are out of order, he is indisposed.
tries is distinct from the garden. words it has that sense, and ordeal to sig-||t! . Adherence to the point in discussion, ac-
OR/CHARDING, n. The cultivation ofor-|) nify without difference or distinction of, cording to established rules of debate ; as,
“¢ . “yr . . .

chards. Evelyn.
2. Orchards in general. U. States.
OR/CHARDIST, an. One that cultivates
orchards.
OR’CHESTER, a [L. orchestra ; Gr. op-
OR’/CHESTRA, § ~ xxspa, from opynszp, a
dancer, from epzeouas, to dance ; original-
ly, the place for the chorus of dancers. ]
. The part of a theater or other public
place appropriated to the musicians. In
the Grecian theaters, the orchester was a
part of the stage ; it was ofa semicircular
form and surrounded with seats. In the
Roman theaters, it was no part of the
zcena, but answered nearly to the pit ink and above.
persons, entire judgment. In Saxon, ord) the member is not in order, that is, he
signifies origin, cause, beginning, prime. wanders from the question.
In G. ur signifies prime, very, original; . Established mode of proceeding. The
urwort, primitive word. In Dutch, oor is motion is not in order.
the ear; oorlog, war. But this prefix . Regularity ; settled mode of operation.
would seem to be the same as in furlow, This fact could not occur in the order of
[furlough]; forin G. urlaub, D. oorlof, Dan. nature ; it is against the natural order of
orlov, Sw. orlof, is a furlow, and this indi-| things.
2
cates that or is a corruption of far or for. \6. Mandate ; precept ; command; authorita-
In Welsh, this word is gordal, which Ow- tive direction. I have received an order
en compounds of gor, high, superior, ex- from the commander in chief. The gen-
treme, above, and tal, reward, requital ; eral gave orders to march. There is an
and gordal signifies not only ordeal, but an order of council to issue letters of marque.
over-payment, amuaking satisfaction over ~ . Rule ; regulation ; as the rules and orders
Or then may signify out,| ofa legislative house.
 oR D ORD ORD
8. Regular government or discipline. It is 3. To direct; to command. The general lience, commonly; usually ;in most cases
necessary for society that good order ordered his troops to advance. as a winter more than ordinarily severe.
should be observed. The meeting was 4. To manage ; to treat. Glanville.
turbulent ; it was impossible to keep order. How shall we order the child? Judges xiii. OR’/DINARY, a. [L. ordinarius.] Accord-
9. Rank ; class; division of men ; as the or- 5. To ordain. [Not used.] Whitgifte. ing to established order ; methodical ; reg-
der of nobles ; the order of priests; the 6. To direct; to dispose in any particular ular; customary ; as the ordinary forms
higher orders of society ; men of the low- manner. of law orjustice. Addison.
est order ; order of knights ; military or- Order my steps in thy word. Ps. cxix. 2. Common; usual.
OR’DER, v. i. To give command or direc- Method is not less requisite in ordinary con-
ders, &c.
10. A religious fraternity ;as the order o tion. Milton. versation than in writing. Addison.
OR'DERED, pp. Regulated ; methodized; 3. Of common rank; not distinguished by
Benedictines.
11. A division of natural objects, generally disposed ;commanded ; managed. superior excellence ; as an ordinary read-
intermediate between class and genus. OR/DERER, n. One that gives orders. er; men of ordinary judgment. looker.
The classes, in the Linnean artificial sys- 2. One that methodizes or regulates. 4, Plain; not handsome ; as an ordinary
tem, are divided into orders, which include OR'DERING, ppr. Regulating; systemiz- woman ; a person of an ordinary form;
one or more genera. Linne also arrang- ing ; commanding ; disposing. an ordinary face.
ed vegetables, in his natural system, Into OR’/DERING, n. irepeanon distribution. '5. Inferior ;of little merit; as, the book is
groups of genera, called orders. In the 2 Chron. xxiv. an ordinary performance.
OR'DERLESS, a. Without regularity ; dis- 6. An ordinary seaman is one not expert
natural system of Jussieu, orders are subdi-
orderly ; out ofrule. Shak. or fully skilled.
visions of classes.
12. Measures ; care. Take some order for’ OR/DERLINESS, x. [from orderly.] Reg- OR’'DINARY, n. In the common and canon
ularity; a state of being methodical. law, one who has ordinary or immediate
the safety and support of the soldiers.
Provide me soldiers 2. The state of being orderly. jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical ; an
Whilst I take order for my own affairs. OR/DERLY, a. Methodical ;regular. ecclesiastical judge. In England, the
hak. Hooker. bishop of the diocese is commonly the or-
13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and 2. Observant of order or method. dinary, and the archbishop is the ordinary
members in a sentence in suo) a manner Chapman. of the whole province. The ordinary of as-
as to contribute to force and beauty of ex- 3. Well regulated ; performed in good or- sizes and sessions was formerly a deputy
pression, or to the clear illustration of the der ; not tumultuous; as an orderly march. of the bishop, appointed to give malefac-
subject. Encye. Clarendon. tors their neck-verses. The ordinary of
14. The title of certain ancient books con- 4, According to established method. Newgate is one who attends on condemn-
taining the divine office and manner of) Hooker. ed malefactors to prepare them for death.
its performance. Encye. 5. Not unruly; not inclined to break from Encye.
15. In architecture, a system of several mem- inclosures ; peaceable. We say, cattle 2. Settled establishment. Bacon.
bers, ornaments and proportions of col- are orderly. 3. Regular price of a meal. Shak.
umns and pilasters ; or a regular arrange- Orderly book, in military affairs, a book for 4. A place of eating where the prices are
ment of the projecting parts of a building, every company, in which the sergeants settled. Swift.
especially of the columns, so as to form write general and regimental orders. Cyc. 5. The establishment of persons employed
one beautiful whole. The orders are five, Orderly sergeant, a military officer who at- by government to take charge of ships of
the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and tends on a superior officer. war laid up in harbors. Hence a ship in
Composite. The order consists of two OR’/DERLY, adv. Methodically ; according ordinary is one laid up under the direction
principal members, the column, and the to due order ; regularly ; according to of the master attendant.
entablature, each of which is composed of rule. Shak. In ordinary, in actual and constant service;
‘three principal parts. Those of the col- ORDINABIL'ITY, n. Capability of being! statedly attending and serving; as a phy-
umn are the base, the shaft, and the capi- appointed. [Nol used.] Bull. sician or chaplain in ordinary. An em-
tal; those of the entablature are the ar- OR/DINABLE, a. Such as may be appoint- bassador in ordinary, is one constantly
ehitrave, the frize, and the cornice. The ed. [Not used.| Hammond. resident at a foreign court.
bighth of the Tuscan column is 14 mod- \OR/DINAL, a. [L. ordinalis ; Fr. ordinal.] OR’/DINATE, v. t. To appoint. [Mot used.)
ules or semidiameters of the shaft at the Noting order; as the ordinal numbers, OR/DINATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular;
bottom, and that of the entablature 34. first, second, third, &c. methodical. An ordinate figure is one
The higbth of the Doric order is 16 mod- OR’DINAL, n. A number noting order. whose sides and angles are equal.
ules and that of the entablature 4 ; that) 2. A book containing the order of divine ser-| Ray.
of the Ionic is 18 modules, and that of the vice ; a ritual. Encye. OR'DINATE, n. In geometry and conic sec-
entablature 44, that of the Corinthian or- OR’/DINANCE, n. [It. ordinanza ; Fr. or- lions, a line drawn from any point of the
der is 20 modules, and that of the entab- donnance. | circumference of an ellipsis or other conie
lature 5. The highth of the Composite 1. A rule established by authority ; a per-) section, perpendicularly across the axis to
order agrees with that of the Corinthian. | manent rule of action. An ordinance may the other side. Encye.
Encyc.| be a law or statute of sovereign power. Anordinate is a line drawn perpendicular
In orders, set apart for the performance of di-| In this sense it is often used in the Serip- to the axis ofa curve and terminating the
vine service ; ordained to the work of the} tures. Ex. xv. Num. x. Ezra iii. It curvilinear space. Bp. Berkley. Todd.
gospel ministry. may also signify a decree, edict or re- Ordinates of a curve, right lines parallel to
Jn order, for the purpose; to the end; as script, and the word has sometimes been one another, terminated by the curve, and
means to an end. The best knowledge! applied to the statutes of Parliament, but bisected by a right line called the diame-
is that which is of the greatest use iz order’ these are usually called acts or laws. In ter. Cyc.
to our eternal happiness. | the United States, it is never applied to OR’/DINATELY, adv. In a regular me-
General orders, the commands or notices) the acts of Congress, or of a state legis- thodical manner. Skelton.
which a military commander in chief is-| lature. ORDINATION, n. [L. ordinatio.] The
sues to the troops under his command. 2. Observance commanded. Taylor. state of being ordained or appointed ; es-
OR/DER, v. t. To regulate ; to methodize ; 3. Appointment. Shak. tablished order or tendency consequent on
to systemize ; to adjust; to subject to sys-| 4, Established rite or ceremony. Heb. ix. In} a decree.
tem in management and execution ; as, this sense, baptism and the Lord’s supper Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to
to order domestic affairs with prudence. are denominated ordinances. the happiness and misery of life respectively.
2. Yo Jead ; to conduct ; to subject to rules OR/DINANT, a. [L. ordinans.] Ordaining; Norris.
or laws. decreeing. [Vot used.] Shak. 2. The act of conferring holy orders or sa-
To him that ordereth his conversation aright (OR/DINARILY, adv. Primarily, according cerdotal power; called also consecration.
will UEshow the salvation of God. Ps. 1. ' to established rules or settled method; Encye.
 ORG ORG ORI
3. In the presbyterian and congregational) ing them ; as the organic structure of the \In botany, a description of the organs of
churches, the act of settling or establishing human body or ofplants. plants, or of the names and kinds of their
a licensed clergyman over a church and 2. Produced by the organs; as organic organs. Decandolle.
congregation with pastoral charge and pleasure. Kames. |OR’/GAN-PIPE, n. The pipe of a musical
authority ; also, the aet of conferring on a 3. Instrumental; acting as instruments o organ. Shak.
clergyman the powers of a settled minis- nature or art to a certain end; as organic OR/GAN-STOP, n. The stop of an organ,
ter of the gospel, without the charge or arts. Milton. or any collection of pipes under one gene-
oversight ofa particular church, but with Organic bodies, are such as possess organs, ral name, Busby.
the general powers of an evangelist, who on the action of which depend their ORGANY. [See Origan.]
is authorized to form churches and admin- growth and perfection; as animals and ORGAN’ZINE, n. Silk twisted into threads;
ister the sacraments of baptism and the lants. thrown silk. Atkin.
Lord’s supper, wherever he may be called ORGAN'ICALLY, adv. With organs ; with OR'GASM, n. [Gr. opyaspos, from opyace, to
to officiate. organical structure or disposition of parts. swell; opyafw, to irritate.]
OR’DINATIVE, a. Directing ; giving or- The bodies of animals and plants are or- Immoderate excitement or action; as the
der. Cotgrave. ganically framed. orgasm of the blood or spirits.
ORD/NANCE, n. [from ordinance.] Can- 2. By means of organs. Blackmore. Derham.
“non or great guns, mortars and howitzers; ORGAN'ICALNESS, n. The state of being OR/GEAT, n. [Fr. from orge, barley.] A
artillery. organical. Johnson. liquor extracted from barley and sweet
OR/DONNANCE, n. [Fr.] In painting, the OR/GANISM, n. Organical structure ; as almonds. Mason.
disposition of the parts of a picture, either the organism ofbodies. Grew. OR'GEIS, n. A fish, called also organ-ling;
in regard to the whole piece or to the seve- OR/GANIST, n. One who plays on the supposed to be from Orkneys, on the coast
ral parts. Cyc. organ. Boyle. of which it is taken. Johnson.
OR’/DURE, n. [Fr.! Dung; excrements. 2. One who sung in parts ; an old musical OR'GIES, n. plu. [Gr. opya, from opyae,
Shak. use of the word. to swell; opyy, fury ; L. orgia ; Fr. orgies.|
ORE, n. [Sax. ore, ora; D. erts; G. erz. Qu. ORGANIZA’TION, n. The act or process Frantic revels at the feast in honor of Bae-
L. @s, eris, brass; Rabbinic, yy a mine- of forming organs or instruments of ac- chus, or the feast itself. This feast was
ral.] tion. held in the night ; hence nocturnal orgies.
— . The compound ofa metal and some other 2. The act of forming or arranging the parts Dryden. Eneyc.
substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, of a compound or complex body in a, ORGIL/LOUS, a. [Fr. orgueilleux, from or-
called its mineralizer, by which its proper- suitable manner for use or service; the gueil, Sax. orgel, pride, haughtiness ; Gr.
ties are disguised or lost. Metals found act of distributing into suitable divisions opyaw, to swell.] Proud; haughty. [Not
free from such combination and exhibit- and appointing the proper officers, as an used.{ Shak,
ing naturally their appropriate character, army or a government. OR’GUES, n. [Fr.] In the military art, long
are not called ores, but native metals. The first organization of the general gov- thick pieces of timber, pointed’ and shod
D. Olmsted. ernment. Pickering. with iron and hung over a gateway, to be
2. Metal; as the liquid ore. Milton. 3. Structure ;form; suitable disposition aa let down in case of attack. Encyc.
O'READ, x. [from Gr. opos, mountain.| A parts which are to act together in a com- 2. A machine composed of several musket
mountain nymph. Milton. pound body. Locke. barrels united, by means of which several
explosions are made at once to defend
OR’E-WEED, fn Sea weed. [Vot used.] OR'GANIZE, v.t. [Fr. organiser ; It. or- breaches.
OR’E-WOOD, Carew. ganizzare ; Sp. organizar.] \OR‘TCHALEH, ,; [L. orichalewm, moun-
ORF’GILD, n. [Sax. orf; cattle, and geld, LE To form with suitable organs; to con- ORICHAL/€UM, ”- tain brass 3;Gr. opos and
payment. ] struct so that one part may cooperate xaaxos; or aurichalcum, gold-brass. ]
The restitution of goods or money stolen, if) with another. A metallic substance resembling gold in
taken in the day time, Ainsworth. Those nobler faculties of the soul organized color, but inferior in value; the brass of
OR'FRAYS, n. [Fr. orfroi.] Fringe of gold ; matter could never produce. Ray. the ancients. Spenser. Encyc. Ure.
gold embroidery. Chaucer! To sing in parts; as, to organize the hal- O'RIEL, [Old Fr. oriol.] Asmall apart-
OR'GAL, n. Argal; lees of wine dried; leluiah. Busby. \O/RIOL, § ™ ment next a hall, where par-
tartar. Encye. 3. To distribute into suitable parts and ap- ticular persons dine ; a sort of recess. Obs.
OR’/GAN, n. [L. organum ; Gr. opyavov ; Sp. point proper officers, that the whole may Cowel.
It. organo ; Fr. organe ; D. G.orgel : Pers. act as one body; as, to organize an army.| O/RIENCY, x. [See Orient.) Brightness or
Ar. arganon.] So we say, to organize the house of repre-| strength of color. [Little used.]
1, A natural instrument of action or opera- sentatives, which is done by the appoint-| Waterhouse.
tion, or by which some process is carried ment of officers and verification of the) O/RIENT, a. (L. oriens, from orior, to arise.]
on. Thus the arteries and veins of an- powers of the several members. So we} 1. Rising, as the sun.
imal bodies are organs of circulation ; say,a club, a party or a factionis organized, —Moon, that now meet’st the orient sun.
the lungs are organs of respiration; the when it takes a systemized form. Milton.
nerves are organs of perception and sens- This original and supreme will organizes the The orient morn. Milton.
ation ; the muscles are organs of motion ; government. W. Cranch. 2. Eastern; oriental.
the ears are organs of hearing; the tongue OR’/GANIZED, pp. Formed with organs; 3. Bright; shining ; glittering ; as orient
is the organ of speech. constructed organically ;systemized ; re-| pearls. Dryden.
2. The instrument or means of conyeyance duced to a formnin which all the parts may O/RIENT, n. The east; the part of the
or communication. A secretary of state act together to one end. Animals and horizon where the sun first appears in the
is the organ of communication between plants are organized bodies. Minerals are
morning.
the government and a foreign power. not organized bodies. ORIENT’AL, a. Eastern; situated in the
3. The largest and most harmonious of wind east; as oriental seas or countries.
instruments of music, consisting of pipes OR’GANIZING, ppr. Constructing with 2. Proceeding from the east; as the oriental
which are filled with wind, and stops suitable organs ; reducing to system in or- radiations of the sun. Brown.
touched by the fingers. It is blown by a der to produce united action to one end. ORIENT’AL, n. A native or inhabitant of
bellows. Johnson. Encye. OR’/GAN-LOFT, x. The loft where an or- some eastern part of the world. We give
' gan stands. Tatler. the appellation to the inhabitants of Asia
OR’/GAN-BUILDER, zx. An artist whose ORGANOGRAPH ‘Ie, : Pertaining
occupation is to construct organs. from the Hellespont and Mediterranean to
ORGANOGRAPHICAL, to organ- Japan.
ORGAN ’'TE€, a, LL: organicus.] Pertain- ography. ORIENT’ALISM, n. An eastern mode of
ORGAN'ICAL, § “ing to an organ or to ORGANOG’RAPHY, n. [Gr. opyavov and speech; an idiom of the eastern langua-
organs; consisting of organs or contain- pape] ges. Warton.
Vol. IT. 27
 ORI ORK ORWN
ORIENT’ALIST, n. An inhabitant of the ideas which many wise and good men en- ORLE, 1. [infra.] In heraldry, an ordinary
eastern parts of the world. Peters. tertain on this subject. in the form of a fillet, round the shield.
2. One versed in the eastern languages and 3. Having the power to originate new OR’LET, [Fr. ourlet, It. orlo, ahem. Qu.
literature. Ouseley. thoughts or combinations of thought; as OR/LO, §”™ Heb. ndy, and Ch. Syr.] In
ORIENTALITY, n. The state of being an original genius. architecture, a fillet under the ovolo of a
oriental or eastern. [JVot used.] —Brown. ORIGINALITY, n. The quality orstate o capital.
ORIFICE, n. [Fr. from L. orifictum; os, being original. OR’LOP, x. [D. overloop, a running over or
oris, mouth, and facio, to make. ] 2. The power of originating or producing overflowing, an orlop, that is, a spreading
The mouth or aperture of a tube, pipe or new thoughts, or uncommon combinations over.]
other eavity ; as the orifice of an artery or of thought ; as originality of genius. In a ship of war, a platform of planks laid
vein ; the orifice of awound. ORIGINALLY, adv. Primarily ; from the over the beams in the hold, on which the
The orifice of Etna. Addison. beginning or origin. cables are usually coiled. It contains al-
OR‘IF LAMB, n. [Fr. oriflamme.] The an- God is originally holy in himself. Pearson. so sail-rooms, carpenters’ cabins and oth-
cient royal standard of France. 2. At first; at the origin. Woodward. er apartments. Mar. Dict.
Ainsworth. 3. By the first author; as a book originally Also, a tier of beams below the lower
OR'IGAN, [L. from Gr. opvyavor.} written by another hand. Roscommon. deck for a like purpose. Cyc.
ORIGA'NUM, ¢”: Marjoram, a genus of| ORIG/INALNESS, n. The quality or state OR’/NAMENT, x. [L. ornamentum, from
plants. One species of this genus is a of being original. orno, toadorn. Varro informs us that this
rich aromatic, excellent for culinary pur- ORIG/INARY, a. [Fr. originaire.| Pro- was priuitively osnamentum ; but this is
poses. ductive ; causing existence. improbable. See Adorn.)
OR/IGENISM, n. The doctrines or tenets The production of animals in the originary = . That which embellishes ;something which,
of Origen, who united Platonism with way, requires a certain degree of warmth. added to another thing, renders it more
christianity. Milner. Cheyne. beautiful to the eye.
OR/IGENIST, n. A follower of Origen of 2. Primitive ; original. Sandys. The chains, and the bracelets, and the muf-
Alexandria, a celebrated christian father. [This word is little used.} flers, the bonnets and the ornaments of the
The Origenists held that the souls of men ORIGINATE, v.t. To cause to be; to legs— Is. iii.
have a pre-existent state; that they are bring into existence ; to produce what is 2. In architecture, ornaments are sculpture
holy intelligences, and sin before they new. or carved work.
are united to the body; that Christ will The change is to be effected without a de- 3. Embellishment; decoration; additional
be crucified hereafter for the salvation o composition of the whole civil and _political beauty.
devils, &c. Encyc. mass, for the purpose of originating a new —The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit,
ORIGIN, n. [Fr. It. origine ; Sp. origen; L. civil order out of the elements of society. which is in the sight of God of great price. 1
origi.| Burke. Pet. iii.
1b The first existence or beginning of any That matter which cannot think, will, or
thing ; as the origin of Rome. In history originate motion, should communicate thought, OR/NAMENT, v. t. To adorn; to deck; to
volition and motivity, is plainly impossible. embellish. Warburton.
it is necessary, if practicable, to trace all Dwight. ORNAMENT‘AL, a. Serving to decorate ;
events to their origin. giving additional beauty ; embellishing.
re) Fountain ; source ; cause; that from ORIGINATE, v. 7. To take first existence ;
to have origin ; tobe begun. Thescheme Some think it most ornamental to wear their
which any thing primarily proceeds; that bracelets on their wrists ; others about their an-
which gives existence or beginning. The originated with the governor and council.
It originated in pure benevolence. kles. Brown.
apostasy is believed to have been the origin
of moral evil. The origin of many of our ORIGINATED, pp. Brought into exist- ORNAMENT’ALLY, adv. In sueh a man-
ner as to add embellishment.
customs is lost in antiquity. Nations, like ence.
individuals, are ambitious to trace their ORIGINATING, ppr. Bringing into exist- OR’NAMENTED, pp. Decorated ; embel-
ence. lisbed ; beautified. Shenstone.
descent from an honorable origin.
OR’NAMENTING, ppr. Decorating ; em-
ORIG/INAL, n. Origin. [See Origin, with ORIGINA/TION, n. The act of bringing belhishing.
which it accords in signification. ] or coming into existence; first produc-
tion. OR’NATE, a. [L. ornatus.] Adorned ; dec-
. First copy; archetype; that from which
Descartes first introduced the fancy of ma- orated ; beautiful. Milton.
any thing is transcribed or translated, or king a world, and deducing the origination of OR/NATELY, adv. With decoration.
from which a likeness is made by the pencil, the universe from mechanical principles. Skelton.
press or otherwise. Thus we say, the trans- Keil.
lation is not equal to the original. If the 2. Mode of production or bringing into be- OR NATENESS, n. State of being adorn-
original cannot be produced, we are per- ed.
ing.
mitted to offer an authenticated copy. “This eruca is propagated by animal parents, OR/NATURE, n. Decoration. [Little used.}
ORIGINAL, a. [Fr. originel; L. originalis.] to wit, butterflies, after the common origina- ORNIS€OP TES, n. Divination by the ob-
1. First in order; preceding all others; as tion of all caterpillars. Ray. servation of fowls. Bailey.
the original state of man; the original ORIL/LON, n. [Fr.] Infortification, a round- ORNIS’/€OPIST, n. [Gr. ops, a bird, and
laws of a country ; original rights or pow- ing of earth, faced with a wall, raised on oxorew, to view. |
ers; the original question in debate. the shoulder of those bastions that have One who views the flight of fowls in order
2. Primitive ; pristine; as the original per- casemates, to cover the cannon in the re- to foretell future events by their manner of
fection of Adam. tired flank, and prevent their being dis- flight. [Little used.] Johnson.
Original sin, as applied to Adam, was mounted, * Encyc. Cyc. ORNITH/OLITE, n. A petrified bird.
his first act of disobedience in eating the O’RIOLE, n. A genus of birds of the order ORNITHOLOGICAL, a. Pertaining to or-
forbidden fruit ; as applied to his posterity, of pice. nithology.
it is understood to mean either the sin of ORUVON, n. [Gr. opiov; unfortunately ac- ORNITHOL/OGIST, n. [See Ornithology.]
Adam imputed to his posterity, or that cor- cented by the poets on the second sylla- A person who is skilled in the natural Fis-
ruption of nature, or total depravity, which ble. tory of fowls, who understands their form,
has been derived from him in consequence A oe nation in the southern hemisphere, structure, habits and uses; one who de-
of his apostasy. On this subject divines containing seventy eight stars. Encyc. seribes birds.
are not agreed. OR/ISON, n. (Fr. oraison, from L. oratio, ORNITHOLOGY, 2. [Gr. opres, a fowl,
In strictness, original sin is an improper from, oro.] and Aoyos, discourse. |
use of words, as sin, ex vi termini, implies A prayer or supplication. The science of fowls, which comprises a
volition and the transgression of a knuwn Lowly they bowed adoring, and began knowledge oftheir form, structure, habits
rule of duty by a moral agent. But this Their orisons, each morning duly paid. and uses.
application of the words has been estab- Milton. ORNITH'OMANCY, n. [Gr. oprs, a fowl,
lished by long use, and it serves to express ORK, n. [L. orca.j A fish. and pay7reva, divination.}
 OR T OR T O:;RY
Augury, a species of divination by means straight or but slightly curved, arranged|4. In geometry, the art of delineating the
of fowls, their flight, &c. Encyc. by Cuvier in the genus Nautilus. fore right plane or side of any object, and
OROLOGTIEAL, a. [See Orology.] Per-/OR’/THODOX, a. [See Orthodoxy.] Sound in| of expressing the elevations of each part;
taining to a description of mountains. the christian faith ; believing the genuine so called because it determines things by
OROL/OGIST, n. A describer of moun- doctrines taught in the Scriptures; oppo- perpendicular lines falling on the geomet-
tains. sed to heretical ; as an orthodox christian. rical plane. Encyc.
OROL/OGY, n. [Gr. opos, a mountain, and}/2. According with the doctrines of Scrip- 5. In architecture, the elevation of a build-
noyos, discourse.] The science or de- ture ; as an orthodor creed or faith. ing, showing all the parts in their true
scription of mountains. OR/THODOXLY, adv. With soundness of! proportion. Encyc.
OR’/PHAN, n. [Gr. oppavos ; It. orfano; Fr. faith. Bacon. 6. In perspective, the fore right side of any
orphelin.] OR’/THODOXNESS, n. The state of being plane, that is, the side or plane that lies
A child who is bereaved of father or mother sound in the faith, or of according with parallel to a straight line that may be im-
or of both. the doctrines of Scripture. agined to pass through the outward con-
OR’PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents. _ OR’/THODOXY, n. [Gr. opfod0&ua 3 opBos, vex points of the eyes, continued to a con-
Sidney. right, true, and 60a, opinion, from doxea, venient length. Encyc.
ORPHANAGE, ?, The state of an orphan. to think.] 7. In fortification, the profile or representa-
OR’PHANISM, ; Sherwood. 1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the genu- tion of a work in all its parts, as they
OR'PHANED, a. Bereft of parents or ine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. would appear if perpendicularly cut from
friends. Young. Basil bears full and clear testimony to Grego- top to bottom. Cyc.
ORPHANOT’ROPHY, n. [Gr. oppavos, or- ry’s orthodoxy. Waterland. JORTHOL/OGY, n. [Gr. op$0s, right, and
phan, and zpop7, food.] A hospital for or- 2. Consonance to genuine scriptural doc- noyos, discourse.] The right description
hans. Todd. trines ; as the orthodory of a creed. of things. Fotherby.
OR’PHEAN, ? | Pertaining to Orpheus, the ORTHODROM'Té€, a. [See Orthodromy.] HORTHOMETRY, n. [Gr. op§os, right, and
OR'Pill€, “poet and musician ; as Or- Pertaining to orthodromy. Hetpov, measure. ]
hic hymns. Bryant. ORTHODROM ES, n. The art of sailing The art or practice of constructing verse
OR’/PHEUS, n. A fish found in the Medi- in the are of a great circle, which is the correctly; the laws of correct versifica-
terranean, broad, flat and thick, and some- shortest distance between any two points tion. S. Jones.
times weighing twenty pounds. The or- on the surface of the globe. Harris. ORTHOP'NY, n. (Gr. opSorvora ;opGos, right,
pheus of the Greeks is said to have been a} OR’THODROMY, n. [Gr. op§os, right, and erect, and xvoy, breath ; mvew, to breathe.]
different fish. Dict. Nat. Hist. Encye. Spomos, course.} The sailing in a straight 1. A species of asthma in which respiration
OR’PIMENT, n. [L. auripigmentum ; aurum, course. can be performed only in an erect posture.
gold, and pigmentum.] Harvey.
OR'THOEPIST, n. [See Orthoepy.] One 2. Any difficulty of breathing. Parr.
Sulphuret of arsenic, found native and then who pronounces words correctly, or who
an ore of arsenic, or artificially composed. is well skilled in pronunciation. OR'TIVE, a. (L. ortivus, from ortus, orior,
The native orpiment appears in yellow, OR/THOEPY, n. [Gr. opSoemsa ;op 90s, right, to rise.]
brilliant and seemingly talcky masses of) and exos, word, or exw, to speak. | Rising, or eastern. The ortive amplitude of
various sizes. The red orpiment is called The art of uttering words with propriety; a a planet is an arc of the horizon intercept-
realgar. It is more or less lively and correct pronunciation of words. Nares. ed between the point where a star ri-
transparent, and often crystalized in bright OR’/THOGON, n. [Gr. op90s, right, and ses, and the east point of the horizon, the
needles. In this form it is called ruby of) you, angle.| A rectangular figure. point where the horizon and equator in-
arsenic. Peacham. tersect. Encye.
Fourcroy. Nicholson. Encyc. Ure.| ORTHOG/ONAL, a. Right angled; rec- \OR'TOLAN, x. [It. ortolano, a gardener, an
OR’PINE, n. [Fr. orpin.] A plant of the| ortolan, L. hortulanus, from hortus, a gar-
tangular. Selden.
genus Sedum, lesser houseleek or live-
ORTHOG/RAPHER, n. [See Orthography. | den.]
long. The bastard orpine is of the genus’ One that spells words correctly, according A bird of the genus Emberiza, about the size
Andrachne: the lessser orpine of the ge-| to common usage. Shak. of the lark, with black wings. It is found
nus Crassula. in France and Italy, feeds on panic grass,
ORTHOGRAPH Te, q, Correctly spell-
ORRA€H. [See Orach.] and is delicious food. Encyc.
ORTHOGRAPH'TI€AL, §" ed; written
OR’RERY, n. A machine so constructed with the proper letters, ORTS, n. Fragments ; pieces; refuse.
as to represent by the movements of its) 2. Pertaining to the spelling of words; as,
parts, the motions and phases of the OR’VAL, n. [Fr. orvale.] The herb clary.
to make an orthographical mistake. Dict.
planets in their orbits. This machine was Orthographic projection of the sphere, a delin-
invented by George Graham, but Row- ORVIE'TAN, x. {It. orvielano, so named
eation of the sphere upon a plane that cuts from a mouutebank at Orvieto.] An an-
ley, a workman, borrowed one from him, it in the middle, the eye being supposed to
and made a copy for the earl of Orrery, tidote or counter poison. [Vt used.]
be placed at an infinite distance from it. Bailey.
after whom it was named by Sir Richard Bailey.
Steele. Similar machines are called also A projection in which the eye is sup- ORY€TOGNOS’TI€, a. Pertaining to
planetariums. Cyc. posed to be at an infinite distance ; so call-
oryctognosy. Kirwan.
OR’RIS, n. The plant tris, of which orris ed because the perpendiculars from any ORY€TOG'NOSY, xn. [Gr. opvxros, fossil,
seems to be a corruption; fleur de lis or point of the sphere will all fall in the com- and yvraots, knowledge.}
flag-flower. Encye. That branch of mineralogy which has for
mon intersection of the sphere with the
2. A sort of gold or silver lace. Qu. orfrais. plane ofthe projection. Encyc. its object the classification of minerals, ac-
Johnson. ORTHOGRAPH’I€ALLY, adv. Accord- cording to well ascertained characters,
ORT, n. A fragment; refuse. Shak. ing to the rules of proper spelling. and under appropriate denominations.
OR’'TALON, n. A small bird of the genus 2. In the manner of orthographic projec- Cyc.
Alauda. Encyc. tion. Oryctognosy consists in the description
OR'THITE, n. [Gr. op60s, straight.] “A ORTHOG’RAPHY, n. [Gr. opoypapia; opfos, of minerals, the determination of their
mineral occurring in straight layers in right, and ypapz, writing.] nomenclature, and the systematic ar-
felspath rock with albite, &c. It is ofa 1. The art of writing words with the proper rangement of their different species. It
blackish brown color, resembling gadoli- letters, according to common usage. coincides nearly with mineralogy, in its
nite, but differs from it in fusibility. 2. The part of grammar which treats of the modern acceptation. Cleaveland.
Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure. Cleaveland. nature and properties of letters, and of the ORY €TOG/RAPHY, n. [Gr. opvxzos, fossil,
ORTHOCER’/ATITE, n. [Gr. op60s, straight, art of writing words correetly. Encyc. aud ypapw, to describe.|
and xepas, a horn.] 3. The practice of spelling or writing words That part of natural history in which fossils
The name of certain fossil univalve shells, with the proper letters. Swift. are described. Cyc.
 OSP OfS {T Os T
ORY€TOL/OGY, n. [Gr. opvx7os, fossil, and our fish hawk. It feeds on fish, which it OSTEN’SIVE, a. [Fr. from L. ostendo.}
noyos, discourse.] ‘That part of physics takes by suddenly darting upon them, Showing; exhibiting. Ostensive demon-
which treats of fossils. Cyc. when near the surface of the water. stration, is one which plainly and directly
OS/CHEOCELE, n. [Gr. osxzeor, the scro- Encye. demonstrates the truth of a proposition.
tum, and x7am, a tumor.] A rupture in OS/SELET, n. [Fr. from L. 0s, ossis, a C.
the scrotum; scrotal hernia., Cyc. Cove. bone.]} OS/TENT, n. [L. ostentum, from ostendo.}
OS'CILLATE, v. 7. [L. oscillo, from ant. A hard substance growing on the inside of} 1. Appearance ; air; manner; mien. [Little
cillo, Gr. xcAdw, to move.] a horse’s knee, among the small bones. used. | Shak.
To swing ; to move backward and forward; Far. Dict. 2. Show; manifestation; token. [Little
to vibrate. Chambers. OS’‘SEOUS, a. [L. osseus, from os, a bone.] used.] Shak.
OSCILLA/TION, n. [L. oscillatio.] Vibra- Bony ; resembling bone. Parkhurst. 3. A prodigy: a portent; any thing omi-
tion ;a moving backward and forward, or OS'SI€LE, n. [L. ossiculum.] A small bone.| nous. [Laltle used.| Chapman. Dryden.
swinging like a pendulum. Holder. OS’TENTATE, v. t. [L.ostento.] To make
OS’CILLATORY, a. Moving backward OSSIF’EROUS, a. [L. 0s, a bone, and fero, an ambitious display of; to show or ex-
and forward like a pendulum; swinging; to produce.] Producing or furnishing hibit boastingly. [Wot used.] Taylor.
as an oscillatory motion. Arbuthnot. bones. Buckland. OSTENTA/TION, n. [L. ostentatio.} Out-
OS'CITANCY, n. [L. oscito, to yawn, from OSSIF’I€, a. [L. os, a bone, and -facio, to} ward show or appearance. Shak.
os, the mouth.] The act of gaping or make. } 2. Ambitious display; vain show; display
yawning. Having power to ossify or change carneous) of any thing dictated by vanity, or intend-
2. Unusual sleepiness; drowsiness ; dullness. and membranous substances to bone. ed to invite praise or flattery. Ostentation
It might proceed from the oscitancy of trans- Wiseman. of endowments is made by boasting or
cribers. Addison. OSSIFI€A/TION, n. [from ossify.] The self-commendation. Ostentation often ap-
OS'CITANT, a. Yawning; gaping. change or process of changing from flesh pears in works of art and sometimes in
2. Sleepy; drowsy ; dull; sluggish. or other matter of animal bodies into a acts of charity.
Decay of Piety. bony substance ; as the ossification of an He knew that good and bountiful minds are
OS'CITANTLY, adv. Carelessly. More. artery. Sharp. sometimes inclined to ostentation. Atterbury.
OSCITA/TION, n. The act of yawning or 2. The formation of bones in animals. The painter is to make no ostentation of the
OS'SIFIED, pp. Converted into bone, or a means by which he strikes the imagination.
aping from sleepiness.
OS€ULA’TION, n. [L. osculatio, a kissing.| hard substance like bone. Reynolds.
In geometry, the contact between any giv- OS'SIFRAGE, n. [L. ossifraga. See Os- 3. A show or spectacle. [ot used.] Shak.
OSTENTA’TIOUS, a. Making a display
en curve and its osculatory circle, that is, pray.)
acircle of the same curvature with the The ospray or sea-eagle. In Leviticus xi. from vanity ; boastful; fond of presenting
given curve. Cye. 13, it denotes a different fowl.
one’s endowments or works to others in
an advantageous light.
OS'‘CULATORY, a. An osculatory circle, in OS'SIFY, v.t. [L. os, bone, and facio, to Your modesty is so far from being ostenta-
geometry, is a circle having the same curv- form.] tious of the good you do— Dryden.
ature With any curve at any given point. To form bone; to change from asoft animal 2. Showy; gaudy; intended for vain dis-
y
Cyc. substance into bone, or convert into a play ;_as ostentatious ornaments.
OS'CULATORY, x. In church history, a substance of the hardness of bones. This OSTENTA’TIOUSLY, adv. With vain dis-
tablet or board, with the picture of Christ is done by the deposition of calearious play; boastfully.
or the virgin, &c. which is kissed by the phosphate or carbonate on the part. OSTENTA’TIOUSNESS, n. Vain display;
priest and then delivered to the people for Sharp. Ure. vanity ; boastfulness.
the same purpose. Cyc. OS/SIFY, v. i. To become bone ; to change OSTENTA’TOR, n. {L.] One who makes
OSIER, n. o/zher. [Fr. osier ;Sax. hos. Qu.] from soft matter into a substance of bony a vain show; a boasier. [|Little used.]
A willow or water willow, or the twig of| hardness. Sherwood.
the willow, used in making baskets. OSSIV’/OROUS, a. [L. os, bone, and voro, OSTENT’OUS, a. Fond of making a show.
Pope. to eat.]
OS'’MAZOME, n. [Gr. osun, odor, and o- Feeding on bones; eating bones; as ossivo- {Little used. ] Feltham,
0s, juice.| rous quadrupeds. Derham. OS'TEOCOL, [Gr. ogzor, a bone, and
A substance of an aromatic flavor, obtained OS/SUARY, 2. [L. osswarium.] A charnel OSTEOCOL'LA, § ™ xona, glue.] A car-
from the flesh of the ox. Thenard. house; a place where the bones of the bonate of lime, a fossil formed by incrus-
OS'MIUM, n. [Gr. oouy, odor.] A metal re- dead are deposited. Dict. tation on the stem ofa plant. It is found
cently discovered, and contained in the OST, in long, thick, and irregular cylindric
A kiln for dying hops or malt. pieces, generally hollow, sometimes filled
ore of platinum. A_ native alloy of this OUST, 5” Dict. Eng. with ecalcarious earth, and in size, from
metal with iridium is found in grains along OSTENSIBILITY, n. [See Ostensible.]
the rivers in South America. Osmium has that of a crow’s quill to that of a man’s
The quality or state of appearing or being arm. It is always found in sand.
a dark gray color; it isnot volatile when shown.
heated in close vessels, but heated in the OSTENSIBLE, a. [It. ostensibile, from L. Nicholson. Encyc. Cleaveland.
open air, it absorbs oxygen and forms a This word takes its name from an opin-
ostendo, to show.]| ion that it has the quality of uniting frac-
volatile oxyd. It is insoluble in the acids, 1. That may be shown; proper or intended
readily soluble in potassa and very vola- tured bones.
to be shown. Warton. OS’TEOCOPE, n. [Gr. oseov, a bone, and
tile. It takes its name from the singular 2. Plausible; colorable. Pownall.
smell of its oxyd. xomos, labor, uneasiness. |
3. Appearing; seeming; shown, declared Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in
Cyc. Webster's Manual. or avowed. We say, the ostensible reason
OS'/MUND, a. A plant, ora genus of plants, any part of a bone. Quincy. Coxe.
or motive for a measure may be the real
osmunda, moonwort. The most remark- one, or very different from the real one. OSTEOL/OGER, bn [See Osteology.] One
able species is the osmund royal or flow- This is the common, and I believe the only OSTEOL/OGIST, § ““who describes the
ering fern, growing in marshes, the root
sense in which the word is used in Amer- bones of animals. Smith.
of which boiled, is very slimy, and is used
in stiffening linen. Encyc.| ica. OSTEOLOG’IE€,
a
OSTEOLOG ICAL, § ~~ scription of the
Pertaining to a de-
One of the ostensible grounds on which the
OSNABURG, n. oz/nburg. A species of bones.
proprietors had obtained their charter—
coarse linen imported from Osnaburg, in Ramsay. OSTEOLOG TICALLY, adv. According to
Germany. OSTEN’SIBLY, adv. In appearance; in a osteology. Lawrence, Lect.
OS’/PRAY, n. [L. ossifraga ; 0s,
a bone, and manner thatis declared or pretended. OSTEOL/OGY, n. [Gr. ogeov, a bone, and
frango, to break; the bone-breaker.] An embargo and non-intercourse which to- noyos, discourse. |
The sea-eagle, a fowl of the genus Falco or tally defeat the interests they are ostensibly des- 1. A description of the bones; that part of
hawk, of the size of a peacock. This is tined to promote. Walsh. anatomy which treats of the bones. Encyc.
 OTH OT T ove
2. The system of animal bones. Then the other company which is left shall A quadruped of the genus Mustela, nearly
OS'TIARY, n. [L. ostium, mouth.] The escape. Gen xxxil. two feet in length, of a brown color, with
Behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. short legs, amphibious and feeding on
mouth or opening by which a river dis- Ex. iv.
charges its waters into the sea, or into a fish. It burrows in the banks of rivers and
Other lords besides thee have had dominion ponds, and its toes being webbed, it swims
lake. Brown. overus /s. XXvi.
OSTLER. [See Hostler.] Theie is one God, and there is none other with great rapidity. There are several oth-
OSTLERY. [See Hostlery.] but he. Mark xii. er species, of which the sea otter is the
OST'MEN, n. plu. East men; Danish set- 2. largest, being about three feet in length.
Not this, but the contrary ; as, on this side!
tlers in Ireland, so called. Lyttleton. of the river stands Troy, onthe other side OT’ TER, n. The name of a coloring sub-
OS'TRACISM, n. (Gr. ospaxcouos, from og- stands Albany. | stance.
paxov, a shell, or potter’s ware. ] Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right OT’TOMAN, a. Designating something
1. In Grecian antiquity, banishment by the cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. v. . that pertains to the Turks or to their gov-
people of Athens, of aperson whose merit 3. Noting something besides. To the knowl- ernment; as the Olloman power or empire.
and influence gave umbrage to ther. Trl! edge of the Latin and Greek, join as much The word originated in Othman or Os-
takes this name from the shell on which|! other learning as you can. man, the name of a sultan who assumed
the name or the note of acquittal or con- ‘4. Correlative to each, and applicable to any the government about the year 1300.
demnation was written. It is however nuinber ofindividuals. Eton.
most probable that this shell was a piece They asked each other of their welfare. Ex. OUCH, n. A bezil or socket in which a pre-
of baked earth, rendered by the Latius)) xviii. cious stone or seal Is set. Ex. xxxix.
testa. Encye. 5. Opposed to some; as, “ some fell among 2. The blow given by a boar’s tusk. Obs.
2, Banishment; expulsion; separation. thorns—but other fell into good ground.” Ainsworth.
Sentenced to a perpetual ostracism from thel| Matt. xiii. OUGHT. [See Jught, the true orthography. ]
esteem and confidence, end honors and emolu- 6. The next. Shak. (OUGHT, v. imperfect. aut. [This word seems
ments of his country. Federalist, Hamilton. (7. The third part. B. Jonson. to be the preterit tense of the original
OS'TRACITE, xn. [Gr. ospaxctys, from og- |Other is used as a substitute for a noun, and verb to owe, that is, Sax. agan, Goth. at-
paxov, a shell.] in this use has the plural number, and the gan, Sw. aga, to have or possess, the radi-
An oyster shell in its fossil state, or a stone sign of the possessive case. cal sense being to hold, to restrain or
formed in the shell, the latter being dis- —The fool and the brutish person die, and stop; hence the passive participle would
solved. ‘This stone is found in many parts leave their wealth to others. Ps. xlix. signify held, bound. In this sense it was
of England, and has been in repute for its What do ye more than others? Matt. v. used by Spelman and Dryden. But ough
efficacy in cases of the gravel. Encye. We were children of wrath even as others. as used, is irregular, being used in all per-
OS’TRACIZE, v. t. [See Ostracism.] To Eph. ii.
The confusion arises, when the one will put
sons both in the present and past tenses ;
banish by the popular voice, particularly their sickle into the other’s harvest. Lesley. as, I ought, thow oughtest, he ought ; we, ye,
a person eminent for public services, but With the sign of the possessive, other is they ought.]
who has lost his popularity. Marvel. preceded by the, as in the last example. 1. To be held or bound in duty or moral ob-
OS’TRICH, n. [Fr. autruche ; Sp. avestruz ; Other is sometimes put elliptically for other ligation.
Port. abestruz ; It. struzzo; G. strauss; D. thing. From such a man, we can expect These ought ye to have done, and not to
struis or struts-vogel; Dan. struds; Sw. leave the other undone. Matt. xxiii.
no other. We that are strong ought to bear the infirmi-
struss ; L. struthio-camelus ; Gr. spov9o0s, a
The other day, at a certain time past, not dis- ties of the weak. Rom. xv.
sparrow, and an ostrich, The meaning of]) tant but indefinite ; not long ago.
this name ts not obvious. The word strauss|| OTH’/ERGATES, adv. [other and gate, for Thou oughtest therefore to have put my mon-
“ey to the exchangers. Matt. xxv.
in German, signifies a bush, a tuft, a way, manner.} In another manner. Obs. 2. 'To be necessary; to behoove.
buneh ; bur the latter part of this name} Shak. Ought not Christ to have suffered these
struz, struds, strauss, coincides also with]!
OFH/ERGUISE, adv. {other and guise,|) things and to enter into glory? Luke xxiv.
the Eng. strut, Dan. strutter, G. strotzen ;} manner.} Of another kind. [corruptly 3. To be fit or expedient in a moral view.
and this is the L. struthio, Gr. spovfos. pronounced otherguess. }
The first part of the word in Fr. Sp. and OTH ERWHERE, My brethren, these things ought not so to be.
adv. [other and where.] James iii.
Port. is from L. avis. The primary sense In some other place ; or in other places. \4. Asa participle, owed ; been indebted to.
ofstruz, struthio, &c. is to reach, stretch, Milton.
o > Te 4 | Ohta 7 LS
extend or erect; but whether this name OTH ERWHILE, ;nae {other and while.| Tine love andiduty 2engine ee
was given to the fowl from its stately
OFH/ERWHILES * At other times. t
walk or appearance, or from some part of rh OFH/ERWISE, anh [other and wise, man-
. ea arene ;
That followed, sit, wich so mynelt pete
its plumage, let the reader judge. ]
ner.| Ina different manner.
A fowl now considered as constituting a dis- Thy father was a worthy prince,
[In this sense, obsolete.]
tinct genus, the Struthio. This is the And merited, alas! a better fate; 5. In Chaucer’s time, it was used imperson-
largest of all fowls, being four feet high But heaven thought otherwise. Addison. ally. “ Wel ought us werke,” that is, well
from the ground to the top of the back.) 2. By other causes. it behooveth us to work.
and seven, eight, and it is said even ten tol! Sir John Norris failed in the attempt of Lis- OUNCE, n. owns. [L. uncia, the twelfth
the top of the head, when standing erect. born, and returned with the loss, by sickness part of any thing; Gr. ovyya; but the
Its thighs and the sides of the body are na- and otherwise, of 8000 men. Raleigh. Greek is from the Latin; Fr. once; It.
ked, and the wings areso short asto be un- 3. In other respects. oncia, an ounce, and an inch; Sp. onza;
fit for flying. The plumage is elegant, and It is said truly, that the best men otherwise, D. once; G. unze. Inch is from the same
much used in ornamental and showy dress. are not always the best in regard to society. root, being the twelfth part ofa foot.)
The speed of this fowl in running exceeds Hooker. iL. A weight, the twelfth part of a pound
that of the fleetest horse. Encye. \OT/OMO, x. A fowl of the Lagopus kind, troy, and the sixteenth of a pound avoir-
OTACOUS/TIC, a. [Gr. era, ears, and about the size of a tame pigeon, a native dupois. In troy weight, the ounce is 20
axove, to hear.| Assisting the sense of of Germany, and highly esteemed for pennyweights, each of 24 grains.
hearing ; as an otacoustic instrument. food. Dict. Nat. Hist. 2. An animal of the genus Felis. [See Once.]
OTACOUSTIE, n. An instrument to facili- |OT’TER, The essential oil or essence OUND‘ED, 2 Waving. [Fr. onde, L.
tate hearing. Grew. AT’TAR, n+ of roses. Asiat. Res. OUND/ING, § unda.] [Not used.}
OFH/ER, a. [Sax. other; G. oder; Gr. OT’TER, n. [Sax. ofer, olor or otter ; G. ot- Chaucer.
etepos. Qu. Sp. otro. If the radical letters ter, an otter, an adder or viper; D. olter; OUPHE, n. oof’y. (Teutonic, auff; but prob-
are tr, qu. Heb. and Ch. 35, residue. Sw. utter. The Latin lutra, Fr. loutre, It. ably contracted from elf, G. alp.| A fairy;
The Freneh autre is fromthe Latin alter.] lontra, Sp. nutria, may possibly be the a goblin; an elf. Obs. hak.
1. Not the same ; different ;not this or these. same word varied in dialect.] JOUPHEN, n. oofven. Elfish. Obs. Shak.
 OUT OU T Out
OUR, «. [Sax. ure;in the oblique cases,verb, to lay out. The primary sense 0: 2. From or proceeding from a place, or the
urum, urne, whence our vulgar ourn ; Sw. the verb must be to issue furth, to depart. interior of a place; as, to take any thing
var; Dan. vor; Ir. ar; Basque, gure.] In Russ. of signities from.| out of the house. Mark xiii.
1. Pertaining or belonging to us; as our 1. Without; on the outside; not within; on 3. Beyond ; as out of the power of fortune.
country; our rights; owr troops. d the exterior or beyond the limits of any They were astonished out ofmeasure. Mark x.
2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in 4, From, noting taking or derivation.
case of our, is never used as an adjective, or within; as, to go out and come in; to To whom he expounded and testified the
but as a substitute for the adjective and rush out. kingdom of God, persuading them concerning
the noun to which it belongs. Your 2. Abroad; not at home. The master of] Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of
house is on a plain; ours is on a hill. the house is out; a colloquial phrase for the prophets. Acts xxvill.
This is good English, but certainly ours gone out. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion.
must be the nominative to is, or it has 3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The Be instant in season, out of season. 2 Tim. iv.
none. secret is out, that is, has come out, is dis-
closed. We shall find out the rogue. 6. Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, de-
Their organs are better disposed than ours for
receiving grateful impressions from sensible ob- 4, Not concealed. parture, absence or dereliction; as out of
jects. Atterbury. When these are gone, favor; out of use; out of place; out of
Here ours stands in the place of our or- The woman will be out. Shak. fashion.
gans, and cannot, in conformity with any 5. In a state of extinction. The candle or! '7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety.
rule of construction, be in the possessive the fire is out. ile is witty oul ofseason. The seed was
case. ‘6. In a state of being exhausted. The wine sown oul of season.
The same thing was done by them in suing is out. 8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay;
in their courts, which is now done by us in su- 7. In a state of destitution. We are out of| as, a ship is out of time.
ing in ours. Kettleworth. bread corn. 9. Not within; abroad; as out of the door
OURANOG/RAPHY, n. (Gr. ovpavos, heav- 8. Not in office or employment. I care not or house.
en, and ypapa, to describe.] A description who is in or who is out. He is out of bu- 10. From, noting copy from an original; as,
of the heavens. Hist. Roy. Society. siness. to cite or copy out of Horace.
OURSELF’, pron. reciprocal. [our and self.] 9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at 11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to
This is added after we and us, and some- church, in a parade, &c. He was not out be delivered out of afflictions.
times is used without either for myself, in to-day. The militia companies are out. Christianity recovered the law of nature out
the regal style only; as, we ourself’ will The man was out in a frolick last night. of all those errors. Addison.
follow. Shak. 10. To the end. 12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or
—Unless we would denude ourself of all Hear me out. Dryden.
" irregularity. 'This is out of all method;
force to defend us. Clarendon. 11. Loudly; without restraint; as, to laugh out of all rule. He goes out of his way to
OURSELVES, plu. of ourself. We or us, out. find cause of censure. He is out of order.
not others; added to we, by way of em- 12. Not in the hands of the owner. The 13. From, noting dereliction or departure.
phasis or opposition. land is out upon a lease. He will not be flattered or frightened out
We ourselves might distinctly number in 13. In an error. of his duty. He attempted to laugh men
words a great deal farther than we usually do. As a musician that will always play, out of virtue.
Locke. And yet is always out at the same note.
Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we Roscommon. 14. From, noting loss or change of state.
stand. Dryden. 14. At a loss; in a puzzle. The mouth is out of taste; the instrument
OUSE, n. ooz. [for ooze.] 'Tanner’s bark. is out of tune.
I have forgot my part, and I am out. Bacon.
Ainsworth. Shak. 15. Not according
to, noting deviation; as,
OUSEL, n. 00/zl. [Sax. osle.] The black- 15. Uncovered ; with clothes torn; as, to be he acts or speaks out of character.
bird, aspecies of the genus Turdus. Shak. out at the knees or elbows. 16. Beyond; not within the limits of; as, to
OUST, v. t. [Fr. éter, for ouster. It seems 16. Away, so as to consume ; as, to sleep out be out of hearing, out of sight, out ofreach.
to be a contracted word, for in Norman, the best time in the morning. Time out of mind, is time beyond the
oghsta is ousted. I take this to be our, 17. Deficient; having expended. He was reach of memory.
vulgar oost, used in the sense of lift. The out of pocket. He was out fifty pounds. 17. Noting loss or exhaustion; as, to be oul
usual signification then will be that of the Fell. of breath.
Latin tollo, sustuli.] 18. It is used as an exclamation with the 18. Noting loss; as out of hope.
1. To take away; to remove. force of command, away; begone; as, 19. By means of.
Multiplications of actions upon the case were out with the dog. Shak. Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus
rare formerly, and thereby wager of law ousted. Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of dis- to mutiny. Shak.
Hail: like or contempt. 20. In consequence of, noting the motive,
2. To eject; to disseize. Out is much used as a modifier of verbs; as,) source or reason.
Afterward the lessor, reversioner or remain- to come out, to go out, to lead out, to run What they do not grant out of the generosity
der-man or any stranger doth eject or oust the out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out,)
lessee of his term. Blackstone. of their nature, they may grant out of mere im-
to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut patience. Smalridge.
OUST’ED, pp. Taken away; removed; out, to saw out, to grow out, to spin out, to| So we say, a thing is done out of envy,
ejected. write out, to boil owt, to beat out, &c. spite or ambition.
OUST’ER, zn. Amotion of possession; dis- bearing the sense of issuing, extending,
seizin ; dispossession ; ejection. drawing from, separating, bringing to Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily
Blackstone. open view, or in short, the passing of a used which is ready in the hand.
Ouster of the freehold is effected by limit that incloses or restrains ; or bearing Gather we our forces out of hand. Shak.
abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontin- the metaphorical sense of vanishing, com- Out of print, denotes that a book is not in
uance or deforcement. Ib. ing to an end. market, or to be purchased; the copies
Ouster le main, [ouster and Fr. le main, Out of. In this connection, out may be con- printed having been all sold.
the hand.] sidered as an adverb, and of as a preposi- OUT, v.t. To eject; to expel; to deprive
A delivery of lands out of the hands of a tion. by expulsion.
guardian, or out of the king’s hands; or a 1. Proceeding from; as produce. Plants The French having been outed of their holds.
judgment given for that purpose. grow oul of the earth. He paid me out of Heylin.
Blackstone. Encye. his own funds.
OUST'ING, ppr. Taking away ; removing; In composition, owt signifies beyond, more,
Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of
ejecting. it are the issues of life. Prov. iv. ejection or extension.
OUT, adv. [Sax. ut; D. wit; G. aus; Dan. Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing) For the participles of the following com-
ud; Sw. ut. In Scotland, it is used as a and cursing. James iii. pounds, see the simple verbs.
 OUT OUT OU T
OUTA€T’, v. t. To do beyond; to exceed 3. Sale at public auction. Ainsworth. OUTGROWN, pp. of outgrow.
in act. OUTDA/RE, v. t. To dare or venture be- OUT’GUARD, n. A guard at a distance
He has made me heir to treasures, . yond. Shak. from the main body of an army; or @
Would make me outact a real widow’s whin- OUTDA’TE, v. t. To antiquate ; as outdated guard at the farthest distance; any thing
ing. Otway. ceremonies. [JVot used. ] Hammond. for defense placed at a distance from the
OUTBAL/ANCE, v. t. To outweigh ; to ex- OUTDO, v. t. pret. outdid ; pp. outdone. [See thing to be defended. Dryden. South.
ceed in weight or effect. Do OUTHER’OD, v. t. To surpass in enormity,
Let dull Ajax bear away my right, i To excel; to surpass; to perform beyond absurdity or cruelty. Beddoes.
When all his days outbalance this one night. another. OUT’ HOUSE, n. A small house or building
Dryden,
An imposture outdoes the original. at_a little distance from the main house.
OUTB AR, v. ¢. To shut out by bars or for- L Estrange. OUTJEST’, v. t. To overpower by jesting.
tification. : ee 1 grieve to be outdone by Gay. Swift.
These to outbar with painful pionings. Shak.
OUTDOING, ppr. Excelling ;surpassing in OUTJUG’GLE, v. t. To surpass in juggling.
Spenser.
performance. Hall.
OUTBID’, v. t. To bid more than another; OUTDOING, n. Excess in performance.
to offer a higher price. OUTKNAVE, ». t. outna/ve. To surpass in
For Indian spices, for Peruvian gold,
Pope. Ne LL? Estrange.
Prevent the greedy and outbid the bold. OUTDONE, pp. ofoutdo. OUT’LAND, a. [Sax. wlende, a foreigner.]
Pope. OUTDRINK, v. t. [See Drink.] To exceed
Foreign. Obs. Strutt.
OUTBID’, Exceeded in the price in drinking. Donne. OUT’LANDER, n. A foreigner; not a na-
OUTBID'DEN, § ??* offered. OUTDWELL, v. t. To dwell or stay be-
yond.
tive. Obs. Wood.
Shak. OUTLANDISH, a. [Sax. utlendisc ;owt and
OUTBID’/DER, n. One that outbids.
OUTBID’DING, ppr. Bidding a price be- OUT’ER, a. [comp. of out.] Being on the land.)
yond another. outside ; external; opposed to iner; as 1. Foreign; not native. Donne.
OUTBLOWN, pp. Inflated; swelled with the outer wall; the outer part of a thing; Nevertheless, even him did outlandish wo-
wind. Dryden. the outer court or gate. men cause to sin. Neh. xiii.
OUTBLUSH,, v. t. To exceed in rosy color. OUT’ERLY, adv. Towards the outside. 2. Born or produced in the interior country,
Shipman.) Grew. or among rude people; hence, vulgar;
OUT’BORN, a. Foreign ; not native. |Little OUT’ERMOST, a. [superl. from outer.] Be- rustic ;rude; clownish. [This is the sense
used. } ing on the extreme external part ; remot- in which the word is among us most general-
OUT’BOUND, a. Destined or proceeding est from the midst; as the outermost row. ly used.|
from a country or harbor to a distant coun- Boyle. OUTL‘AST, v. t. To last longer than some-
try or port; as an outbound ship. OUTFA‘CE, v. t. To brave; to bear down thing else ;to exceed in duration. Can-
Dryden. with an imposing front or with impu- dles laid in bran will outlast others of the
[The usual phrase among seamen is dence ; to stare down. Shak. Raleigh. same stuff. Bacon.
outward bound. OUT’FALL, n. A fall of water; a canal.
|OUT’LAW, n. (Sax. uilaga ; out and law.]
OUTBRA‘VE, v. ¢. To bear down by more OUT’/FAWN, v. t. To exceed in fawning or A person excluded from the benefit of the
daring or insolent conduct. adulation. Hudibras.
OUTFE’AST, »v. ¢. To exceed in feasting. law, or deprived of its protection. For-
I would outstare the sternest eyes that look,
Outbrave the heart most daring on the earth, Taylor. merly any person might kill an outlaw;
To win thee, lady. Shak, OUTFIT, n. A fitting out, as of a ship for but it is now held unlawful for any per-
a voyage ; usually in the plural, outfits, the son to put to death an outlaw, except the
2. To exceed in splendid appearance. sheriff, who has a warrant for that pur-
The towers as well as men outbrave the sky. expenses of equipping and furnishing a
Cowley. ship for a voyage. | pose. Blackstone.
OUTBRA/ZEN, v. t. To bear down with a} OUTFLANK,, v. t. To extend the flank of OUT’LAW, »v. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive
brazen face or impudence. one army beyond that of another. of the benefit and protection of law; to
OUT’BREAK, n. A bursting forth; erup- OUTELY, v. t. To fly faster than another; proscribe. Blackstone.
tion. to advance before in flight or progress. OUT’LAWED, pp. Excluded from the ben-
The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Garth. efit of law.
Sha k.||OUTFOOL,, v. t. To exceed in folly. \OUT’LAWING, ppr. Depriving ofthe ben-
OUT’BREAKING, n. That which bursts Young. efit of law.
forth. Herbert. OUT’FORM, n. External appearance. JOUT’LAWRY, n. The putting a man out
OUTBRE’/ATHE, v. t. To weary by having| B. Jonson. of the protection oflaw, or the process by
better breath. Sshak. OUTFROWN,, v.¢t. To frown down; to which a man is deprived of that protec-
2. To expire. Spenser. overbear by frowning. Shak. tion; the punishment of aman who when
OUTBUD*, v. i. To sprout forth. — Spenser. called into court, contemptuously refuses
OUTBUILD, v. ¢. outbild’. To exceed in OUT’GATE, n. An outlet; a passage out- to appear. Blackstone.
building, or in durability of building. ward. Spenser. OUT’LAY, x. A laying out or expending ;
OUTE€ANTY, v. t. To surpass in canting. OUTGEN’ERAL, v t. To exceed in gener- expenditure.
Pope. alship; to gain advantage over by supe- OUTLE’AP, »v. t. To leap beyond; to pass
OUT’€AST, pp. or a. Cast out; thrown rior military skill. Chesterfield. by leaping.
away ; rejected as useless. OUTGIVE, v. t. ouwtgiv’. To surpass in giv- OUT’LEAP, n. Sally ; flight ;eseape.
Spenser.
OUT’€AST, n. One who is cast out or ex-| ing. Dryden. Locke.
pelled; an exile; one driven from home OUTGO’, v.t. [See Go.] To go beyond; to OUT’'LET, n. Passage outward; the place
or country. Is, xvi. advance before in going; to go faster. or the means by which any thing escapes
OUTCEPT, for except, is not in use. 2. To surpass; to excel. Carew. Dryden. or is discharged. A gate is the outlet of a
B. Jonson. 3. To circumvent; to overreach. Denham. city or fort. The mouth of a river is its
OUT€LIMB, v. t. To climb beyond. OUTGO'ING, ppr. Going beyond. outlet. Colonies are the outlets of a popu-
Davenant. OUT’GOING, n. The act of going out. lous nation. Bacon.
OUT€OM’PASS, v. t. To exceed due 2. The state of going out. Ps. Ixv. OUT’LICKER, zn. In ships, a small piece of
bounds. Bacon. 3. Utmost border ; extreme limit. Josh. xvii. timber fastened to the top of the poop.
OUTER AFT, v. t. To exceed in cunning. OUTGRIN,, v. t. To surpass in grinning. OUTLIE, v. t. To exceed in lying. Halll.
Shak. Addison. OUT’LIER, n. One who does not reside in
OUT’CRY, n. A vehement or loud ery ; ery |OUTGROW, v. t. To surpass in growth. the place with which his office or duty
of distress. Denham. 2. To grow too great or too old for any connects him. Frewen.
2. Clamor ; noisy opposition or detestation. thing. Children outgrow their garments, OUT’LINE, n. Contour; the line by which
South. and men oufgrow their usefulness, a figure is defined ; the exterior line,
 OUT OU T OUT
9, The first sketch of a figure. ultrajar ;from the L. ultra, beyond, It. and give additional security to the top-
3. First general sketch of any scheme or} oltre, with the common termination age ;| mast. [See Prow.]} Mar. Dict.
design. Sep or more probably it is a compound of) OUT’/RIGHT, adv. Immediately ; without
OUT’LINE, v. t. To draw the exterior line; ultra, oltra, outre, with the Sp. ajar, to delay ; at once. Arbuthnot.
to delineate ;tosketch. spoil, to mar, to abuse with injurious lan- 2. Completely. Addison.
OUTLIVE, ». t. outliv’. To live beyond ; to guage.] OUTRI'VAL, v. t. To surpass in excellence.
survive ; to live after something has ceas- To treat with violence and wrong ; to abuse Addison.
ed; as, aman may outlive his children ; a by rude or insolent language ; to injure by OUTROAR, v. t. To exceed in roaring.
person may oullive his estate, his fame and rough, rude treatment of any kind. Shak.
his usefulness. Base and insolent minds outruge men, when OUT’RODE, xn. An excursion. 1 Macc. xv.
They live too long who happiness outlive. they have hopes of doing it without a return. OUTROOTY’, v. t. To eradicate ; to extir-
Dryden. Atterbury. vate. Rowe.
2. To live better or to better purpose. This interview vutrages all decency. OUTRUN,, v. t. To exceed in running; to
Scott. Broome. leave behind in running. Dryden,
;
OUTLIV’ER, n. A survivor. OUT’RAGE, v. 7. To commit exorbitan- 2. To exceed ; as, to outrun one’s income.
| Addison.
OUTLOOK’, v. t. To face down; to brow- \ ces ; to be guilty of violent rudeness.
beat. Shak. Ascham. JOUTSA'IL, v.t. To sail faster than ; to
2. To select. [Not in use.] OUT’RAGE, n. [Fr. id; It. oltraggio ; Sp. | leave behind in sailing. Broome.
OUT’LOOK, a. Vigilant watch; foresight.) Port. ultraje. | OUTS€A’PE, n. Power of escaping. [Not
Young. Injurious violence offered to persons or used. | Chapman.
[But look-out is generally used.] things ;excessive abuse ; wanton mischief. OUTSECORN’, v. t. To bear down or con-
OUT’LOPE, n. [See Lope and Leap.| An Rude abusive language, scurrility, or op- front by contempt ; to despise.
excursion. [.Vot used.) Florio. probrious and contemptuous words, may OUTS€OUR'INGS, n. [out and scour.) Sub-
OUTLUS’TER, t To excel in bright- be an outrage to persons, or to decency stances washed or scoured out.
OUTLUS’TRE, v | ness. Shak. and civility. A violent attack upon per- Buckland.
OUTLYING, a. Lying or being at a dis- son or property is an outrage. OUTSELL’, v. ¢t. To exceed in amount of
tance from the main body or design. He wrought great outrages, wasting all the sales.
Temple. Addison. country where he went. Spenser. 2. 'To exceed in the prices of things sold.
2. Being on the exterior or frontier. OUTRA’GEOUS, a. [It. oltraggioso; Fr. 3. To gain a higher price. Shak.
Gibbon. outrageuc. | OUT’SET, n. Beginning; first entrance on
OUTM'‘ARCH, »v. t. To march faster than ; 1. Violent ; furious ; exorbitant ; exceeding any business. Mason. Smith.
to march so as to leave behind. all bounds of moderation ; as outrageous} Every thing almost depends upon giving a
The horse owtmarched the foot. villainies ; outrageous talk ; outrageous proper direction to this outset of life.
Clarendon. J. Hawes.
abuse. Sidney. Spenser.
OUTMEASURE, v. t. ouwtmezh'ur. To ex-
Excessive ; exceeding reason or decency ; OUTSHINE, v. t. To send forth brightness
Brown. |
2.
ceed in measure or extent. or luster. Shak,
as outrageous panegyric. Dryden.
OUT’MOST, a. Farthest outward ; most re- 3. Enormous ; atrocious ; as oulrageous) 2. To excel in luster or excellence ; as, Ho-
mote from the middle. Milton. crimes. Shak.| mer outshines all other poets. Addison.
OUTNUM’BER, v. t. To exceed in number.| 4. Tumultuous ; turbulent. OUTSHOOT’, v. t. To exceed in shooting.
The troops outnumbered those of the en-| Dryden.
emy. OUTRA/GEOUSLY, adv. With great vio- 2. To shoot beyond. Norris.
OUTPA'CE, v. t. To outgo; to leave be- lence; furiously ; excessively. OUTSHUT,, »v. t. To shut out or exclude.
hind. Chapman., Spenser.
South.
Donne.
OUTPAR’/AMOUR, ». t. [See Paramour.]] OUTRA‘GEOUSNESS, n. Fury ; violence ; OUTSIDE, ». The external part of a
To exceed in keeping mistresses. Shak.) enormity. Dryden. thing ; the part, end or side which forms
OUT’PARISH, x. A parish lying without OUTRA’ZE, v.t. To raze to extermina- the surface or superficies.
the walls, or on the border. Graunt. tion. Sandys. Bacon. Dryden.
OUT’PART, n. A part remote from the cen- OUTRE, a. ootra'y. [Fr.] Being out of the . Superficial appearance ; exterior; as the
ter or main part. Ayliffe. common course or limits ; extravagant. outside of aman or of manners.
OUTP‘ASS, v. t. To pass beyond ; to exceed Geddes. Greated bei ing ;
in progress. Kirwan. OUTRE’/ACH, v.t. To go or extend be- archaea ae Hae
OUTPOISE, »v. t. outpoiz’. To outweigh. yond. Brown.|3, Person ; external man. — Shak. Bacon.
Howell. OUTRE’ASON, v.é. To excel or surpass in|4, The part or place that lies without or
OUT’PORCH, n. An entrance. Milton. reasoning. South. beyond an inclosure.
OUT’POST, n. A post or station without OUTRECH’ON, v. t. To exceed in assum- 1 threw open the door of my chamber and
the limits of a camp, or at a distance ed computation. Pearson.|| found the family standing on the outside
from the main body of an army. OUTREIGN, v.t. To reign through the ; Spectator:
2, The troops placed at such a station. whole of. Spenser.||5. The utmost. Mortimer.
Marshall. OUTRIDE, v. t. To pass by riding; to ride OUTSIT’, v.t. To sit beyond the time of
OUTPOUR, v.t. To pour out; to send forth faster than. Hall.) any thing. South.
in a stream. Milton. OUTRI'DE, v. i. To travel about on horse-|OUTSKIP,, v. t. To avoid by flight.
2. To effuse. back, or in a vehicle. Addison. B. Jonson.
OUT’POURING, n. A pouring out ; effusion. OUT’RIDER, n. Asummoner whose office |OUT/SKIRT, n. Border; outpost ;suburb.
Milner. Bogue. is to cite men before the sheriff. [/Vot Clarendon.
OUTPRA’Y, v.t. To exceed in prayer or in used. | Dict. OUTSLEE’P, v. t. To sleep beyond.
earnestness of entreaty. Scott. 2, One who travels about on horseback. Shak.
OUTPRE’/ACH, v. t. To surpass in preach- 3. An attending servant. OUTSOAR, v. t. To soar beyond.
ing; to produce more effect in inculeating OUT’RIGGER, n. In seamen’s language, a : Gov. of the Tongue.
strong beam fixed on the side of a ship |OUTSOUND,, v. t. To surpass in sound.
lessons or truth.
And for a villain’s quick conversion and projecting from it, in order to secure Hammond.
A pill’ry can outpreach a parson. the masts in the operation of careening, OUTSPE’AK, v. t. To speak something
J. Trumbull. by counteracting the strain it suffers from! beyond ; to exceed. Shak.
OUTPRUZE, »v. t. To exceed in value or es- the effort of the careening tackle ; also, a OUTSPORT, v. t. To sport beyond ; to out-
timated worth. Shak. boom occasionally used in the tops to _ do in sporting. Shak.
OUT’RAGE, v. t. (Fr. outrager ;Arm. out- thrust out the breast back-stays to wind- OUTSPREAD,, v. t. To extend ; to spread;
rachi, outragi; It. oltraggiare ;Sp. Port. ward, to increase the angle of tension, to diffuse. Pope.
 OUT O'U'T OVE
OUTSTAND’, v. ¢. To resist effectually ;to 4. Foreign; not intestine; as an outward OUTZA'NY, v.t. [See Zany.] To excead
withstand ; to sustain without yielding. war. [Not now used. We now say, ex- in buffoonery.
Little used.] _ Woodward. ternal or foreign war.] Hayward.
O'VAL, a. [Fr. ovale, from L. ovum, an egg.]
2. 'To stand beyond the proper time. Shak. 5. Tending to the exterior part. 1. Of the shape or figure of an egg; oblong;
OUTSTAND’, »v. i. To project outwards The fire will force its outward Way.
from the main body. ae Dryden. curvilinear ;resembling the longitudinal
OUTSTANDING, ppr. Resisting effectual- 6. In Scripture, civil; public; as opposed to section of an egg. It is sometimes synon-
ly. [Little used.] religious. 1 Chron. xxvi. ymous with elliptical ;but an ellipsis is
2. Projecting outward. — } 7. In theology, carnal; fleshly ; corporeal ; equally broad at both ends, and is not
3. Not collected; unpaid; as outstanding’ not spiritual ; as the outward man. strictly egg-shaped. Encye.
OUT’WARD, xn. External form.
2. Pertaining to eggs; done in the egg ; as
debts. Shak.
The whole amount of revenues—as well out- OUT/WARD, dy, 10 the outer parts; oval conceptions. Brown.
standing as collected. Hamilton. OUT’WARDS, §““”" tending or directed O'VAL, n. A body or figure in the shape
OUTSTA/RE, v. t. To face down; to brow- towards the exterior. of an egg.55. Watts.
beat ; to outface with effrontery ; as we The light falling on them [black bodies] is OVA‘RIOUS, a, Consisting of eggs; as
say, to stare out of countenance. Shak. not reflected outwards. Newton. ovarious food. Thomson.
OUTSTEP”, v. t. To step or go beyond ; to 2. From a port or country ; as a ship bound O'VARY, x. [Fr. ovaire ;L. ovarium, from
exceed. Cumberland. outwards. ovum, an egg.]
OUTSTORM,, v. t. To overbear by storm- OUTWARD-BOUND’, a. Proceeding from The part of a female animal in which the
ing. a port or country. eggs are formed or lodged; or the part in
Fnsnl the tempest and outstorms the skies. OUT’WARDLY, adv. Externally ;opposed which the fetus is supposed to be formed.
J. Barlow. to inwardly ; as outwardly content, but in- Encyc. Coxe.
OUT'STREET, n. A street in the extremi- wardly uneasy. (O'VATE, {L. ovatus, from ovwm, an
ties of a town. 2. In appearance ; not sincerely. Many may O'VATED, ba. egg.] Egg-shaped; as an
OUTSTRETCH,, v. t. To extend ; to stretch inwardly reverence the goodness which ovate leaf.
or spread out; to expand. Milton. they outwardly seem to despise. OVATE-LAN/CEOLATE, a. Having some-
OUTSTRIDE, ». t. To surpass in striding. OUTWASH,, v. t. To wash out ; to cleanse thing of the form of an egg and a lance,
B. Jonson. from. [Little used.] Donne. inclining to the latter. Martyn.
OUTSTRIP’, v. t. To outgo; to outrun ; to OUTWATCH,, v. t. To surpass in watch- OVATE-SUB'ULATE, a. Having some-
advance beyond. South. Dryden. ing. B. Jonson.
thing of the form of an egg and an awl,
OUTSWEAR, v. t. To exceed in swearing; OUTWEAR, v. t. To wear out. [.Vot used.] but most tending to the latter.
to overpower by swearing. Shak. Donne.
OUTSWEE’TEN, v. t. To exceed in sweet- 2. To pass tediously to the end.
Martyn.
OVA’TION, n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman an-
ness. Shak. By the stream, if I the night outwear—
tiquity, a lesser triumph allowed to com-
OUTSWELL’, »v. t. To overflow; to ex- Pope.
manders who had conquered without
ceed in swelling. 3. To last longer than something else. [This
is the common signification.] blood, or defeated an inconsiderable ene-
OUTTALK, v. t. outtauk’. To overpower my. Encyc.
by talking ; to exceed in talking. Shak. OUTWEE'D, v. t. ‘To weed out; to extir- OVATO-OB/LONG, a. Oblong in the shape
OUTTHROW, v. t. To throw out or be- pate, as a weed. Spenser.
OUTWEE’P, v. t. To exceed in Weeping. of an egg, or with the end lengthened.
ond. Swift. Martyn.
OUTTONGUE, ». t. outtung’. To bear OUTWEIGH, v. t. outwa'y. [See Dryden. Weigh.) OVEN, n. uv'n. [Sax. G. ofen ; D. oven;
down by talk, clamor or noise. Shak. Dan. ovn. Qu. Gr. invos, Sw. ugn. In
OUTTOP,, v. t. To overtop. [.Vot used.] 1. To exceed in weight. Wilkins.
Russ. ovini are small wooden kilns for
2. To exceed in value, influence or import-
Williams. ance. drying corn. Tooke.]
OUTVAL'UE, v. t. To exceed in price or One self-approving hour whole years out- An arch of brick or stone work, for baking
value. Boyle. weighs bread and other things for food. Ovens
OUTVEN’OM, »v. t. To exceed in poison. Ofstupid starers and of loud huzzas. Pope. are made in chimneys or set in the open
Shak. OUTWELL,, v. t. or 7. To pour out. [Mot air.
OUTVIE, v. t. To exceed ; to surpass. used.| Spenser.|| O'VER, prep. [Sax. ober, ofer; Goth. ufar ;
Dryden. Addison. OUTWENT,, pret. of outgo. G. tiber ;D. Dan. over ;Sw. ofver ;Gr. v7ep,
OUTVIL'LAIN, »v. t. To exceed in villainy. OUTWHO RE, v. t. To exceed in lewdness. whence probably L. super; Arm. wvar,
Shak. Pope. var, oar, ar; Ir. ar, formerly fair or fer;
OUTVOICE, v.¢t. outvois’. To exceed in
OUTWIN’, v. t. To get out of. [Not used. ] W. ar ; Corn. uar. Qu. Gr. napa. ‘This
roaring or clamor. [Not used.] Shak. word corresponds in sense with 33y in
Spenser.
OUTVO’'TE, »v. t. To exceed in the num- OUTWINB, »v. t. To extricate by winding ; the Shemitic dialects, signifying to pass, in
ber of votes given; to defeat by plurality to unloose. More. almost any manner; to pass over, as a riv-
of suffrages. South. OUTWING’, v. t. To move faster on the er, to pass beyond, to pass away, to pass
OUTWALK, v. t. outwauk’. To walk faster by ; in short, to move, depart or go, Sax.
wing ; to outstrip. Garth.
than ; to leave behind in walking. OUTWIT”, v.¢. To surpass in design or Saran, to fare. Hence the derivative sense
2. To exceed the walking ofa specter. stratagem ; to overreach ; to defeat or of beyond, either on the other side or
B. Jonson. frustrate by superior ingenuity. Dryden. above ; hence the sense of excess, which
OUT’WALL, n. The exterior wall of a supposes the passing of a limit ; hence
OUT’WORK, n. The part ofa fortification
building or fortress. most remote from the main fortress or cit- the sense of opposite or against, in the Gr,
2. Superficial appearance. [Unusual.] vnep, for the further side of a river is the
adel. Bacon.
Shak. OUTWORN, pp. [See Wear.] Worn out ; opposite side. We do not use the word
OUT’WARD, a. [Sax. utweard or uteweard in this sense, except with against. See
g consumed by use. Milton.
ut, out, and weard, L. versus. | Class Br. No. 23. The Persian corres-
1. External; exterior; forming the superfi- OUTWORTH, »v. t. To exceed in value.
cial part; as the outward coat of an onion Shak. ponding word is §.§ fara, which coin-
; OUTWREST, ». f. outrest!. To extort 3 to
an outward garment. draw from or forth by violence. cides nearly with the Greek mapa, and both
2. External ; visible; opposed to inward ; seem to be more directly from the Ar.
as outward hate. Spenser.
OUTWRITE, v. t. outri/te. To surpass in --f
3. Extrinsic ; adventitious. writing. Addison.|| _>5J to go beyond. Class Br. No. 37,]
And outward honor for an inward toil.
OUTWROUGHT, pp. outraut’. [See Work. 1. Across; from side to side; implying
Vol. IL si Outdone ; exceeded in act or efficacy. a
passing or moving either above the sub-
28
 OVE OVE OVE
stance or thing, or on the surface of it. 2. To consider as in a hopeless state ; as, out of a ship or from on board; as, to fal!
Thus we say, a dog leaps over a stream, or the physicians have given over their pa- overboard ; which of course is to fall into
over a table; a boat sails over a lake. tient. the water. Mar. Dict.
2. Above in place or position ;opposed to Over, in composition, denotes spreading, OVERBROW,, v. t. To hang over.
below; as the clouds over our heads. The covering above; as in overcast, overflow; Collins.
smoke rises over the city. or across, as to overhear; or above, as to OVERBUILT, pp. overbilt’. Built over.
The mercy-seat that is over the testimony. overhang ; or turning, changing sides, as Milton.
Ex. xxx. in overturn; or more generally beyond, OVERBULK’, v.¢. To oppress by bulk.
3. Above, denoting superiority in excellence, implying excess or superiority, as in over- Not used.) Shak.
dignity or value; as the advantages act, overcome. OVERBUR’DEN, v. t. To load with too
which the christian world has over the O’/VER, a. Past. great weight. Sidney.
heathen. Suift. The Olympic games were over. Milner. OVERBUR’/DENED, pp. Overloaded.
Young Pallas shone conspicuous o’er the 2. Upper ; covering ; as over-shoes; over- \OVERBURN,, v.t. To burn too much.
rest. Dryden. Mortimer.
lether.
4. Above in authority, implying the right or OVERABOUND,, v. i. To abound more OVERBUSY, a. overbiz/zy. Too busy ; offi-
power of superintending or governing ; than enough ; to be superabundant. cious. Decay of Piety.
opposed to under. p Pope. OVERBUY’, v. t. To buy at too dear a rate.
Thou shalt be over my house. Gen. xli.
I will make thee ruler over many things. OVERA€TY’, v. t. To act or perform to ex- Dryden.
Matt. xxv. cess; as, he overacted his part. OVERE€AN’/OPY, v. t. To cover as with a
5. Upon the surface or whole surface ; Atterbury. canopy. Shak
through the whole extent ; as, to wander OVERACTY’, v. 7. To act more than is ne- OVER€A/RE, n. Excessive care or anxie-
over the earth ; to walk over a field, or over cessary. B. Jonson. ly. Dryden.
a city. OVERAG‘ITATE, v. t. To agitate or dis- OVER€A/REFUL, a. Careful to excess.
G6. Upon. Watch over your children. cuss beyond what is expedient. Hall. OVERE€AR’RY, v. t. To carry too far; to
Dost thou not watch over my sin? Job xiv. O/VERALLS, a. A kind oftrowsers. carry or urge beyond the proper point.
His tender mercies are over all his works. OVERANX‘IOUS, a. Anxious to excess. Hayward.
Ps. exlv. OVER ‘ARCH, ». t. To arch over ; to cover OVERCAST, v. t. To cloud; to darken;
7. During the whole time; from beginning with an arch. to cover with gloom,
to end; as, to keep any thing over night ; Brown with o’erarching shades. Pope. The clouds that overcast our morn shall fly.
to keep corn over winter. OVERAWE, v. t. overaw'. 'To restrain by Dryden.
8. Above the top; covering ; immersing; awe, fear or superior influence. 2. 'To cast or compute at too high a rate; to
as, the water is over the shoes or boots. The king was present in person to overlook rate too high.
Over night. In this phrase, over sometimes the magistrates and overawe the subjects with The king in his account of peace and calms
the terror of his sword. Spenser. did much overcast his fortunes— Bacon.
signifies before ;as, when preparing for a 3. To sew over.
journey, we provide things necessary over’ OVERBAL/ANCE, v.t. To weigh down; OVER€'AST, pp. Clouded; overspread with
night. to exceed in weight, value or importance.
The evils which spring from vice overbal- clouds or gloom.
Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o’er. The dawn is overcast. Addison.
O’VER, adv. From side to side ; as a board ance all its pleasures.
Our days of age are sad and overcast.
a foot over; a tree a foot over, a foot in di- OVERBAL/ANCE, n. Excess of weight or Raleigh.
ameter. value ;something more than an equiva-
lent; as an overbalance of exports; an OVERE€AU'TIOUS, a. Cautious or pru-
2. On the opposite side. The boat is safe dent to excess. Addison.
over. overbalance of probabilities.
Temple. Locke. OVERCH'ARGE, v. t. To charge or load to
3. From one to another by passing; as, to excess ; to cloy ; to oppress.
deliver over goods to another. OVERBAT’TLE, a. [qu. from the root of The heavy load of abundance with which we
4. From one country to another by passing; batten, to fatten.] overcharge nature— Raleigh.
as, to carry any thing over to France, or Too fruitful ; exuberant. [JVot used.] . To erowd too much.
to bring any thing over to England. Hooker. Vur language is overcharged with consonants.
Bacon. OVERBEAR, v. t. [See Bear.] To bear Addison.
down; to repress ; to subdue. . To burden. Shak.
. On the surface. The point of reputation, when the news first
6.¢ Above the top. LS. To
me fill to excess; to surcharge; as, to
came of the battle lost, did overbear the reason overcharge the memory. Locke.
Good measure, pressed down and shaken to-
of war. Bacon. 5
gether, and running over, shall men give into
Yet fortune, valor, all is overborne
. To load with too great a charge, as a gun.
your bosom. Luke vi. By numbers. Derham. Denham.
. More than the quantity assigned; beyond Till overborne with weight the Cyprians fell. }. To charge too much; to enter in an ac-
a limit. Dryden. count more than is just.
He that gathered much had nothing over. OVERBEARING, ppr. Bearing down; re- O’VERCHARGE, n. An excessive load or
Ex. xvi. pressing. burden.
. Throughout ; from beginning to end ; 9 a. Haughty and dogmatical ; disposed or 2. A charge in an account of more than is
completely ;as, to read over a book; to tending to repress or subdue by insolence just.
argue a question over again. or effrontery. 3. A charge beyond what is proper.
Over and over, repeatedly ; once and again. lOVERBEND,, v. t. To bend or stretch to OVERCLIMB, v.t. Toclimbover. Surrey.
And every night review’d it o’er and o’er. OVERCLOUD,, v. t. To cover or overspread
Harte. excess. Donne.
\OVERBID,, v. t. To bid or offer beyond. with clouds. Tickel.
Over again, once more; with repetition.
O kill not all my kindred o’er again. 2. To bid or offer more than an equivalent. OVERELOY’, v. t. To fill beyond satiety.
Dryden. OVERBLOW,, v. 7. To blow with too much Shak.
Over and above, besides ; beyond what is violence ; a@ seaman’s phrase. \OVERCOLD, a. Cold toexcess. Wiseman.
supposed or limited. 2. To blow over, or be past its violence. OVERCOME, vw. t. [See Come.] To con-
He gained, over and above, the good will o Not used.] quer ; to vanquish ; to subdue; as, to over-
the people. L Estrange. OVERBLOW, v. t. To blow away; to dis- come enemies in battle.
Over against, opposite ; in front. sipate by wind. Waller. 2. Tosurmount; to get the better of; as, to
Over against this church stands a large hos- OVERBLOWN, pp. Blown by and gone; overcome difficulties or obstacles.
pital. Addison. blown away ; driven by; past. Dryden. 3. "Fo overflow; to surcharge. [JVot used.]
Over is used with rolling or turning from And when this cloud of sorrow’s overblown. |) Philips.
side to side; as, to turn over ; to roll over. Waller. 4. To come upon; to invade. [Not ysed.]
To give over,to cease from; as, to give over OVERBOARD, adv. [over and Fr. bord, side.| OVERCOME, v. i. To gain the superiority;
an enterprize. Literally, over the side of a ship; hence, to be victorious. Rom. iii. :
 OV E OVE OVE
OVERCOMER, n. One who vanquishes or 3. To deluge; to overwhelm ; to cover, as| OVERHASTY, a. Too hasty; precipitate.
surmounts. : with numbers. Hammond.
OVERCOMINGLY, adv. With superiority. The northern nations overflowed all christen- OVERHAUL, v. t. To spread over.
More. dom. Spenser. Spenser.
OVERCON'FIDENCE, n. Excessive con- OVERFLOW, v. «. To run over ; to swell 2. To turn over for examination; to sepa-
fidence. and run over the brim or banks. rate and inspect.
OVEREORN,, v. t. To corn to excess. — Dryden. 3. To draw over.
Addison. 2. To be abundant; to abound ; to exuber- 4. 'To examine again.
OVERCOUNT,, v. t. To rate above the true ate ; as overflowing plenty. Rogers. 5. To gain upon in a chase ; to overtake.
value. Shak. O’'VERFLOW, vn. An inundation; also, su- OVERHEAD, adv. overhed’. Aloft; above ;
OVERECOV'ER, v. t. To cover Sapletely: perabundance. Bacon. in the zenith or cieling.
Shak. OVERFLOWING, ppr. Spreading over, as Milion. Addison.
OVERE€ERED'ULOUS, a. Too apt to be- a fluid ; inundating ; running over the OVERHE/AR, v. t. To hear by accident ;
lieve. Shak. brim or banks. to hear what is not addressed to the hear-
OVERE€ROW, v. t. To crow as in triumph. OVERFLOWING, a. Abundant; copious; er, or not intended to be heard by him.
{Not used. | Spenser. exuberant. i Wotton. Milton.
OVEREU'RIOUS, a. Curious or nice to OVERFLOWING, n. Exuberance ; copi- OVERHE’ARD, pp. Heard by accident.
excess. Bacon. ousness. Denham. OVERHE’AT, v.¢. To heat to excess.
OVERDA’TE, v. t. To date beyond the OVERFLOWINGLY, adv. Exuberantly ; Addison.
proper period. Milton. in great abundance. Boyle. OVERHE'LE, v.t. To cover over. [Vot
OVERDI/GHT, a. Covered over. Obs. OVERFLUSH,, v. t. To flush to excess. used. | B. Jonson.
Spenser. (OVERFLUSH'ED, pp. Flushed to excess; OVERHEND’, v. ¢t. To overtake. [.Vot
OVERDIL'IGENT, a. Diligent to excess. reddened to excess. used. | Spenser.
OVERDO, v.t. To do or perform too much. 2. Elated to excess. Addison.| OVERJOY’, v. t. To give great joy to; to
Shak. OVERFLY’, v. t. To pass over or cross by| transport with gladness. Taylor.
2. To jharass ; to fatigue ;to oppress by too flight. Dryden. O/VERJOY, n. Joy to excess ; transport.
much action or labor. OVERFOR/WARD, a. Forward to excess.| OVERLA’BOR, v. t. To harass with toil.
3. To boil, bake or roast too much. —-Swi/?. OVERFOR/WARDNESS, a. Too great Dryden.
OVERDO, v. i. To labor too hard; to do torwardness or readiness ; officiousness. 2. To execute with too much care.
too much. Grew. Hale.)) OVERLA/DE, v. t. To load with too great
OVERDONE, pp. Overacted; acted to ex- OVERFREIGHT, v. t. overfra‘te. [See| a cargo or other burden.
cess. Freight.] OVERLA'‘DEN, pp. Overburdened; load-
2. Wearied or oppressed by too much labor. To load too heavily; to fill with too great ed to excess.
3. Boiled, baked or roasted too much. quantity or numbers; as, to overfreight a OVERLAID, pp. [See Overlay.| Oppress-
Suift. boat. ed with weight; smothered ; ¢overed
OVERDOSE, nx. Too great a dose. OVERFRUITFUL, a. Too rich; produ- over.
OVERDRESS,, v. t. To dress to excess ; to cing superabundant crops. Dryden. OVERL‘ARGE, a. Too large; too great.
adorn too much. Pope. OVERGET’, v.t. To reach; to overtake. Collier.
OVERDRINK’, v.t. To drink to excess. [Vot used.] Sidney.) OVERL'ARGENESS, n. Excess of size.
OVERDRIVE, v. t. To drive too hard, or OVERGILD,, v.t. To gild over; to varnish. OVERLASH,, v. 7. To exaggerate. [Litile
beyond strength. Gen. xxxiii. OVERGIRD,, v. t. To gird or bind too} used. | Barrow.
OVERDRY’, v. t. To dry too much. closely. Milton.) 2. To proceed to excess. [Little used.]
Burton. OVERGL'‘ANCE, v. t. To glance over; to Boyle.
OVERE’AGER. a. Too eager; too vehe- run over with the eye. Shak. OVERLA’Y, v. t. To lay too much upon; to
ment in desire. Goodman. OVERGO, v.t. To exceed ; to surpass. oppress with incumbent weight; as a
OVERE/AGERLY, adv. With excessive Sidney. country overlaid with inhabitants.
eagerness. 2. Tocover. [Not used.] Chapman. Raleigh.
OVERE’/AGERNESS, x. Excess of earn- OVERGONE, pp. overgawn’. Injured ; ru- Our sins have overlaid our hopes.
estness. ined. Shak. K. Charles.
OVERE/AT, v.t. To eat to excess. OVERGORGE, v.t. overgorj’. To gorge to 2. To cover or spread over the surface ; as,
OVEREL’EGANT, a. Elegant to excess. excess. Shak. to overlay capitals of columns with silver;
Johnson. OVERGR‘ASSED, pp. Overstocked with cedar overlaid with gold.
OVEREMP’TY, v.t. To make too empty. grass; overgrown with grass. Spenser. 3. To smother with close covering ; as, to
Carew. OVERGREAT, a. Too great. Locke. overlay an infant. Milton.
OVEREYE, v.t. To superintend; to in- OVERGROW, v. t. To cover with growth 4. To overwhelm ; to smother.
spect. [Little used.] or herbage. Spenser.
A heap of ashes that o’erlays your fire.
2. 'To observe ; to remark. Shak. 2. 'To grow beyond; to rise above. Dryden.
O'VERFALL, x. A cataract; the fall of a Mortimer.
river. Raleigh. OVERGROW, v. i. To grow beyond the fit! il. To cloud ; to overcast.
OVERFATIGUE, n. overfatee/g. Excessive or natural size ; asa huge overgrown ox. —As when a cloud his beam doth overlay.
fatigue. L Estrange. Spenser.
OVERFATIGUE, v. t. overfutee'g. To fa- OVERGROWTH, an. Exuberant or excess- 6. To cover ; to join two opposite sides by a
tigue to excess. Watts. ive growth. Bacon. cover.
OVERFEE'’D, v. t. To feed to excess. OVERHALE. [See Overhaul.) And overlay
Dryden. OVERHAND’LE, v. t. To handle too much; With this portentous bridge the dark abyss.
OVERFILL, v. t. To fill to excess; to sur- to mention too often. Shak. Milton.
charge. Dryden. OVERHANG,, v. ¢t. To impend or hang OVERLA/YING, n. A superficial covering.
OVERFLOAT, v. t. To overflow; to inun- over. Ex. xxxviii.
date. Dryden. 2. To jut or project over. Milton. OVERLE’AP, v.t. To leap over ; to pass or
OVERFLOURISH, v. t. overflur'ish. To OVERHANG,, v. i. To jut over. Milton. move from side to side by leaping; as, to
make excessive display or flourish. OVERH'ARDEN, v. t. To harden too much ; overleap a ditch or a fence. Dryden.
Collier. to make too hard. Boyle. O/VERLEATHER, The Jether which
OVERFLOW, v. t. To spread over, as wa- OVERHASTILY, adv. In too much haste. O/VERLETHER, ,™ forms or is intend-
ter; to inundate ; to cover with water or Hales. ed to form the upper part of a shoe; that
other fluid. OVERHASTINESS, n. Too much haste; which is over the foot. [With us, this is
2. To fill beyond the brim. precipitation. Reresby.| | called wpper lether.] Shak,
 OVE OVE OVE
OVERLEAVEN, v. t. overlev/n. To leaven OVERMOD’/EST, a. Modest
to excess; OVERPOW'ER, v. ¢. To affect with «
too much; to cause to rise and swell too) bashful. Hales. power or force that cannot be borne ; as,
much. B. Jonson. (O/‘VERMOST, a. Highest; over the rest in the light overpowers the eyes.
2, To mix too much with ; to corrupt. authority. Ainsworth. 2. To vanquish by force ; to subdue; to re-
hak.|OVERMUCH’, a. Too much; exceeding duce to silence in action or submission 3
OVERLIB’ERAL, a. Too liberal; too free; | what is necessary or proper. Locke. to defeat. Dryden. Watts.
abundant to excess ; as overliberal diet. OVERMUCH,, adv. In too great a degree. OVERPRESS,, v. ¢. To bear upon with ir-
Bacon. Hooker. resistible force; to crush; to overwhelm.
OVERLIGHT, x. Too strong a light. OVERMUCH’, n. More than sufficient. Sidney. Swift.
Bacon. Milton. 2. 'To overcome by importunity.
OVERLIVE, v. t. overliv’. To outlive; to lOVERMUCH'NESS, n. Superabundance. OVERPRIZE, v. t. To value or prize at
live longer than another ; to survive. [We | tae used and barbarous. | B. Jonson. too high a rate. Wotton.
generally use outlive.} Sidney. \OVERMUL’TITUDE, v. t. To exceed in OVERPROMPTY’, a. Too prompt; too ready
OVERLIVE, v. i. overliv'. To live too long. |. number. [.Vot wsed.] Milton. or eager.
Milton. OVERNA/ME, v. t. To name over or in a OVERPROMPT'NESS, — 2. Excessive
OVERLIVER, n. One that lives longest;|| series. _[JVot used.] Shak. promptness ; precipitation.
a survivor. Bacon. OVERNE/AT, a. Excessively neat. OVERPROPO’/RTION, v. t. To make of
OVERLOAD, v.t. To load with too heavy | Spectator. too great proportion.
a burden or cargo; to fill to excess; as, OVERNIGHT, x. Night before bed-time. OVERQUI/ETNESS, x. Too much quiet-
to overload the stomach or a vehicle. [See Over, prep.] Shak. ness. Brown.
OVERLONG,, a. Too long. Boyle. \OVERNOISE, v. t. overnoiz’. To overpow- OVERRA’KE, v.¢. To break in upon a
OVERLOOK,, v. ¢t. To view from a higher |_ er by noise. Cowley. ship. When the waves break in upon a
place; applied to persons ; as, to stand on OVEROFFEND’ED, a. Offended to ex- ship riding at anchor, it is said, they over-
a hill and overlook a city. cess. Steele. rake her, or she is overraked. Mar. Dict.
2. To stand in a more elevated place, or to OVEROF'FICE, v.t. To lord by virtue of (OVERRANK’, a. Too rank or luxuriant.
rise so high as to afford the means of look- an office. [Vot used.] Shak. Mortimer.
ing down on; applied to things. 'The OVEROFFI’CIOUS, a. Too busy; too OVERRA’TE, v.t. To rate at too much;
tower overlooked the town. ready to intermeddle ; too importunate. to estimate at a value or amount beyond
. To see from behind or over the shoulder Collier. the truth. Dryden.
ef another ; to see froma higher position; OVERPA‘INT, v. t. To color or describe OVERRE’ACH, v. t. To reach beyond in
as, to overlook a paper when one is writing. too strongly. Hill. any direction ; to rise above; to extend
Dryden. OVERP'ASS, v. t. To cross; to go over. beyond. Burnet.
= . To view fully ; to peruse. Shak. Dryden. 2. To deceive by cunning, artifice or sagaci-
. To inspect ; to superintend ; to oversee; 2. To overlook; to pass without regard. ty; to cheat. Tillotson.
implying care and watchfulness. Milton. Hooker. OVERRE’ACH, v. i. Applied to horses, to
He was present in person to overlook the 3. To omit, asin reckoning. Raleigh. strike the toe of the hind foot against the
magistrates. Spenser. 4. To omit; not to receive or include. heei or shoe ofthe fore foot.
To review ; to examine a second time or Hooker. OVERRE’ACH, x. The act of striking the
(OVERP‘ASSED,
with care.
The time and care that are required OVERP'AST, bp * Passed by; passed
away ; gone; past.
heel of the fore foot with the toe of the
hind foot. Encyce.
To overlook, and file and polish well. Shak. OVERRE’/ACHER, n. One that overreach-
Roscommon. OVERPA’Y, v. t. To pay too much or more es; one that deceives.
7. To pass by indulgently ; to excuse; not than is due. OVERRE’/ACHING, n. The act ofdeceiy-
to punish or censure; as, to overlook faults. 2. To reward beyond the price or merit. ing; a reaching too far.
Addison. Prior. OVERRE/AD, v. t. To read over; to peruse.
8. To neglect; to slight. OVERPEE’R, v. t. To overlook; to hover [Vot used. | Shak.
They overlook truth in the judgment they over. [JVot used.] Shak. OVERRED’, v.t. To smear with a red
pass on adversity and prosperity. Atterbury.
OVERPE’/OPLE, v.t. To overstock with color. [Not used.] Shak.
OVERLOOK’/ER, n. One that overlooks. inhabitants. Johnson. OVERRIDE, v. t. To ride over. [Vet used.]
OVERLOOP, now written orlop, which OVERPERCH’, v. t. To perch over or Chaucer.
see. above; to fly over. Shak. 2. To ride too much; to ride beyond the
OVERLOVE, v.t. To love to excess; to OVERPERSUA/DE, v. t. To persuade or strength of the horse.
prize or value too much. Hall. influence against one’s inclination or opin- aVERRID’,
O'VERLY, a. [Sax. oferlice.] Careless ; jon. Se aay ,pp- Rid‘3 to excess.
Pope.
negligent ; inattentive. [JVot used.] OVERPI€’/TURE, v. t. To exceed the re- OVERRI’PEN, v.t. To make too ripe. Shak.
Hall. presentation or picture. Shak. OVERROAST, v. t. To roast too much.
OVERM'AST, v. ¢t. To furnish witha mast O’VERPLUS, n. [over and L. plus, more, or Shak.
or with masts that are too long or too perhaps G. iiberfluss, overflow.] OVERRU'LE, v. t. To influence or control
heavy for the weight of keel. Surplus; that which remains after a supply, by predominant power; to subject to su-
OVERM‘ASTED, pp. Having masts too or beyond a quantity proposed. ‘Take perior authority. The law must overrule
long or too heavy for the ship. what is wanted and return the overplus. all private opinions of right and wrong.
Mar. Dict. It would look like a fable to report that this His passion and animosity overruled his con-
OVERM'‘ASTER, v. t. To overpower; to gentleman gives away all which is the overplus science. Clarendon.
subdue ; to vanquish ;to govern. Milton. of a great fortune. Addison. 2. To govern with high authority.
OVERMATCH,, v. t. To be too powerful OVERPLY’, v. t. To ply to excess; to ex- Hayward.
for ; to conquer; to subdue; to oppress by ert with too much vigor. Milton. 3. In law, to supersede or reject; as, the
superior force. Dryden. OVERPOISE, ». t. overpoiz'. To outweigh. plea was overruled by the court.
OVERMATCIL, 2. One superiorin power ; Brown. OVERRU‘LER, n. One who controls, di-
one able to overcome. Milton. Addison. OVERPOISE, x. overpoiz’. Preponderant rects or governs. Sidney.
OVERMEASURE, v. t. overmezh'ur. To weight. Dryden. OVERRU'LING, ppr. Controlling; subject-
measure or estimate too largely. | Bacon. OVERPOL/‘ISH, v. t. 'To polish too much. ing to authority.
OVERMEASURE, n. overmezh/ur. Excess Blackwall. 2. a. Exerting superior and controlling pow-
of measure; something that exceeds the OVERPON’DEROUS, a. Too heavy; too er ; as an overruling Providence.
measure proposed. depressing. Milton. OVERRUN,, v. t. To run or spread over;
OVERMIX’, v. t. To mix with too much. OVERPOST, v. t. To hasten over quickly. to grow over; to cover all over. The
Creech. Shak. sluggard’s farm is overrun with weeds.
 OVE OVE OVE
Some plants unchecked will soon overrun To overshoot one’s self, to venture too far; to OVERSTRI'KE,
v. t. To strike beyond.
a field. The Canada thistle is overrwn- assert too much. Hooker. Spenser.
ning the northern parts of New England, OVERSHOOT, v. i. To fly beyond the mark., OVERSTROWN, pp. Spread or scattered
as it has overrun Normandy. Collier.| over. J. Barlow.
2. To march or rove over; to harass by OVERSHOT’, pp. Shot beyond. OVERSUPPLY’, wv. ¢. To furnish more than
hostile incursions ;to ravage. ‘The south O/VERSHOT, a. An overshot wheel is one! is sufficient. Melmoth.
of Europe was formerly overrun by the that receives the water, shot over the top, OVERSWA’Y, v. &. To overrule; to bear
Goths, Vandals and other barbarians. on the descent. An overshot wheel is down ; to control. Hooker.
3. To outrun; to run faster than another moved by less water than an undershot OVERSWELL,, v.t.To swell or rise above;
and leave him behind. wheel. to overflow. Shak.
Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and O'VERSIGHT, n. Superintendence ; wateh- O/VERT, a. [Fr. ouvert, from owvrir, to
overran Cushi. 2 Sam. xvili. ; ful care. 1 Pet. v. open, It. aprive, L. aperio.]
4. To overspread with numbers. Were it 2. Mistake ; an overlooking; omission; er- Open to view; public; apparent; as overt
not for the ibis, it has been supposed ror, Pope. virtues; an overt essay. But the word is
Egypt would be overrun with crocodiles. OVERSIZE, v. t. To surpass in bulk or now used chiefly in law. Thus an overt
5. To injure by treading down. ie size. [Volt much used.} Sandys. act of treason is distinguished from secret
6. Among printers, to change the disposition 2. To eover with viscid matter. Shak. design or intention not carried into effect,
of types and carry those of one line into OVERSKIP’, v. t. To skip or leap over ; to and even from words spoken. A market
another, either in correction, or in the pass by leaping. Hooker. | overt, is a place where goods are publicly
contraction or extension of columns. 2. To pass over. Donne. exposed to sale. A pound overt, is one
OVERRUN,, v.7. To overflow; torun over. 3. To escape. Shak. open overhead, as distinguished from a
Smith. OVERSLEE’P, v. ¢. To sleep too long; as, pound covert or close. Blackstone.
OVERRUN'NER, n. One that overruns. to oversleep the usual hour of rising. OVERTA/KE, v. t. To come up with in a
OVERSLIP’, v. t. To slip or pass without course, pursuit, progress or motion; to
OVERRUN‘NING, ppr. Spreading over; notice ; to pass undone, unnoticed or un- | catch.
ravaging ; changing the disposition of used; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip The enemy said, [ will pursue, I will over-
types. time or opportunity. Hammond.}| take. Ex. xv.
OVERSAT’URATE, v.¢. To saturate to '(OVERSLOW, v. t. To render slow; to 2. To come upon; to fall on afterwards.
excess. check ; to curb. [.Vot used.] Hammond. | Vengeance shall overtake the wicked.
OVERSAT’URATED, pp. More than satu- OVERSNOW, v. ¢t. To cover with snow. 3. To take by surprise.
rated. Not much used.) Dryden. Brethren, if a man be overtaken ina fault, ye
OVERSAT’URATING, ppr. Saturating to OVERSOLD, pp. Sold at too high a price. who are spiritual, restore such one in the spirit
excess. Dryden. | of meekness. Gal. vi.
OVERS€RU’PULOUS, a. Scrupulous to OVERSOON’, adv. Too soon. Sidney. OVERT‘ASK, v. t. To impose too heavy a
excess. Mitford. OVERSOR’ROW, v. t. To grieve orafflict task or injunction on. Harvey.
OVERSEA, a. Foreign; from beyond sea. to excess. Milton. OVERTAX,, v. t. To tax too heavily.
Wilson. OVERSPAN,, v. t. To reach or extend over. OVERTHROW, v. t. [See Throw.] To turn
OVERSEE,, v. t. To superintend ; to over- OVERSPE’AK, v. t. To speak too much; | upside down.
look, implying ¢are. to use too many words. Hales.
His wife overthrew the table. Taylor.
2. To pass unheeded ; to omit; to neglect. (OVERSPENTY’, pp. [See Spend.] Harassed 2. To throw down.
[.Vot used.] Hudibras.|| 3. To ruin; to demolish.
or fatigued to an extreme degree. When the walls of Thebes he overthrew.
OVERSEEN, pp. Superintended. Dryden. Dryden.
2. Mistaken ; deceived. [Vol used.] OVERSPREAD, v. t. overspred’. To spread 4. To defeat; to conquer; to vanquish; as,
Hooker. over; to cover over. The deluge over-|| to overthrow an army or an enemy.
OVERSEE’R, n. One who overlooks; aj spread the earth. 5. To subvert; to destroy ; as, to overthrow
superintendent ; a supervisor. 2. ‘To scatter over. the constitution or state; to overthrow re-
2. An officer who has the care of the poor OVERSPREAD, v. 7%. overspred’. To be ligion.
or of an idiot, &c. spread or scattered over; as, weeds over- \O'VERTHROW, n. The state of being
OVERSET,, v.t. To turn from the proper spread the ground. | overturned or turned off the basis.
position or basis; to turn upon the side, OVERSTAND/, v. ¢. To stand too much on! 2. Ruin; destruction; as the overthrow of
or to turn bottom upwards ; as, to overset price or conditions ; to lose a sale by hold- the state.
a coach, a ship or a building. ing the price too high. Dryden. 3. Defeat; discomfiture ; as the overthrow of
2. To subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset OVERSTA/RE, v. t. To stare wildly. [Not enemies. Dryden.
the constitution of a state ; to overset a used. | Ascham. 4. Degradation. Shak.
scheme of policy. \OVERSTEP,, v. t. To step over or beyond ; OVERTHROWER, n. One that over-
3. To throw off the proper foundation. | to exceed. Shak. throws, defeats or destroys.
Dryden. lOVERSTOCK’, n. Superabundance ;more JOVERTHWART’, a. Opposite ; being over
OVERSET,, v. 7. To turn or be turned over; than is sufficient. Tatler. the wey or street. * Shak.
to turn or fall off the basis or bottom. A \OVERSTOCK,, v. t. To fill too full; to 2. Crossing at right angles.
crank vessel is liable to overset. crowd; to supply with more than is want- 3. Cross ; perverse ; adverse; contradic-
OVERSHA’DE, v. t. To cover with shade; ed. The world may be overstocked with tious. Clarendon.
to cover with any thing that causes dark- inhabitants. The market is often over- OVERTHWART’, prep. Across ; from side
ness ; to render dark or gloomy. stocked with goods. to side.
Bacon. Dryden. (2. To furnish with more cattle than are OVERTHWART’LY, adv. Across; trans-
OVERSHADOW, v. t. To throwa shadow wanted; as, to overstock a farm. versely. Peacham.
over; to overshade. Milton. 3. To supply with more seed than is wanted ; 2. Perversely.
2. To shelter ; to protect ;to cover with pro- as, to overstock land with clover.
OVERTHWART'NESS, n. The state of
tecting influence. Milton. OVERSTO’RE, v. t. To store with too being athwart or lying across.
much; to supply or fill with superabun- 2. Perverseness; pervicacity. Johnson.
OVERSHAD/OWER, n. One that throws a dance. Hale.
shade over any thing. Bacon. OVERSTRA‘IN, v.7. To strain to excess; OVERTI/RE, v.t. To tire to excess; to
OVERSHAD/OWING, ppr. Throwing a to make too violent efforts. Dryden. subdue by fatigue. Milton.
shade over; protecting. OVERSTRATIN, v. t. To stretch too far. OVERTI’TLE, v. t. To give too high a title
OVERSHOOT”, v. ¢. To shoot beyond the Ayliffe. to. Fuller.
mark.
2. To pass swiftly over.
Tillotson. OVERSTREW’,
Harte. OVERSTROW, Rot To spread or scat- O/VERTLY, adv. Openly ; in open view;
ter over. Shak. publicly.
 OVE OW EK OWN
OVERTOOK’, pret. of overtake. OVERWEIGHT, n. Greater weight; pre- merly used in the sense of owed. The
OVERTOP’, v. ¢. To rise above the oe onderance. Bacon. proper sense of owe, is to be held or bound
a k.|;OVERWHELM’, v. t. To overspread or to pay; nearly as we now use have in the
2. To excel; to surpass. Harvey. crush beneath something violent and phrases, “ I have to pay a sum of money
3. To obscure; to make of Jess importance weighty, that covers or encompasses the to-morrow,” “ [have to go to town to-day.” }
by superior excellence. Swift. whole ; as, to overwhelm with waves. . To be indebted; to be obliged or bound
OVERTOW'ER, v. t. To soar too rae 2. To immerse and bear down; in a figura- to pay. The merchants owe a large sum
er. tive sense; as, to be overwhelmed with to foreigners.
OVERTRIP’, v. t. To trip over; to walk cares, afflictions or business. A son owes help and honor to his father.
nimbly over. Shak. 3. To overlook gloomily. Shak. Holyday.
OVERTRUSTY’, v. ¢t. To trust with too \4. To put over. [Not wsed.} One was brought to him who owed him ten
much confidence. Hail. '\O/VERWHELM, n. The act of overwhelm-| thousand talents. Matt. xviii.
ing. Young.|| Owe no man any thing, but to love one an-
O'VERTURE, n. [Fr. ouverture. See Overt.] other. Rom. xiii.
1. Opening; disclosure ; discovery. [Jn this OVERWHELMING, ppr. Crushing with ee To be obliged to ascribe to ; to be obliged
literal sense, little used.] Shak. weight or numbers. for; as, that he may owe to me all his de-
2. Proposal; something offered for consid- OVERWHELM'INGLY, adv. Ina manner liverance. Milton.
eration, acceptance or rejection. The to overwhelm. 3. 'To possess ; to have ; to be the owner of.
prince made overtures of peace, which were OVERWING,, v. t. To outflank; to ex-| [This is the original sense, but now obso-
accepted. tend beyond the wing of an army. lete. In place ofit, we use own, from the
3. The opening piece, prelude or symphony Milton.
participle. See Own.]
of some public act, ceremony or entertain- OVERWI'SE, a. s as z. Wise to affecta- Thou dost here usurp
ment. The overture in theatrical enter- tion. Ecclus. The name thou owest not. Shak.
tainments, is a piece of music usually end- OVERWISENESS, x. Pretended or af- 4. To be due or owing.
ing ina fugue. The overture of a jubilee fected wisdom. Raleigh. O deem thy fall not ow’d to man’s decree.
is a general procession, &c. Encye. OVERWORD,, v. t. To say too much. Pope.
OVERTURN, v. t. To overset ; to turn or OVERWORK, v. t. To work beyond the {This passive form is not now used.]
throw from a basis or foundation ; as, to strength; to cause to labor too much; to OW E, v. 1. To be bound or obliged.
overturn a carriage or a building. tire. South. Bp. Fisher.
2. To subvert ; to ruin; to destroy. OVERWORN, a. Worn out; subdued by OWING, ppr. [This is used in a passive
Locke. Atterbury. toil. Dryden. form, contrary to analogy, for owen or
3. To overpower ; to conquer. Milton. 2. Spoiled by time. Shak. | owed. But the use is inveterately estab-
O'VERTURN, n. State of being overturned OVERWRESTLE, v. ¢. overres‘l. To sub- lished. ] ;
or subverted ; overthrow. due by wrestling. Spenser. 1. Due; that moral obligation requires to be
OVERTURN’ABLE, a. That may be over- JOVERWROUGHT, pp. overraut’. Labored), paid; as the money owing to a laborer for
turned. [.Vot much used.] to excess. Dryden. services, or to another country for goods.
b)
OVERTURN’ED, pp. Overset ; overthrown. 2. Worked all over; as overwrought with 2 . Consequential ; ascribable to, as the
OVERTURN’ER, n. One that overturns or ornaments. Pope.|) cause. Misfortunes are often owing to
subverts. Swift. OVERYE/ARED, a. Too old. [Not used.]}) vices or miscalculations..
OVERTURN’ING, ppr. Oversetting ; over- Fairfac. 3. Imputable to as an agent. His recovery
throwing ; subverting. OVERZE/ALED, a. Too much excited with from sickness is owing less to his physi-
OVERTURN‘ING, n. An oversetting ; sub- zeal; ruled by too much zeal. Fuller. cian, than to the strength of his constitu-
version ;change; revolution. OVERZEALOUS, a. overzel/ous. 'Too zeal-|| tion.
OVERVALIUE, ». t. To rate at too high a) ous ; eager to excess. Locke. OWL, n. [Sax. ula, ule: D. uil; G. eule;
price. Hooker.| OVIe'ULAR, a. [from L. ovwm, an egg.] Sw. ugla or uggla; L. ulula. The orthog-
OVERVA'IL, ? t To cover; to spread) Pertaining to an egg. Bryant. raphy, except in the Swedish, coincides
OVERVEIL, ¢"" over. Shak. O'VIDUET, n. [L. ovum, an egg, og
t—) and duc- with howl, L. ululo ; but the radical letters
OVERVO’TE, v. t. To outvote; to out-| tus, a duct.] are not obvious. ]
number in votes given. K. Charles. In animals, a passage for the egg from the A fowl of the genus Strix, that flies chiefly
OVERWATCH,, v. t. To watch to excess; ovary to the womb, or a passage which! in the night.
to subdue by long want of rest. Dryden. conveys the egg from the ovary. |OWL/ER, n. [qu. from owl, or from wool.]
OVERWATCH’ED, a. Tired by too much! Hist. Roy. Soc. One that conveys contraband goods.
watching. Sidney. O'VIFORM, a. [L. ovum, egg, and forma, Swift.
OVERWE’AK, a. Too weak; too feeble. form.] Having the form or figure of an OWL/ET, x. [F'r. hulotte.| An owl, which
Raleigh. egg.
5> Burnet. see.
OVERWE/’ARY, v. t. To subdue with fa-|2 Pertaining VINE, a. [L. ovinus, from ovis, sheep.] \OWLIING, xn. The offense of transporting
tigue. Dryden. to sheep; consisting of sheep. woolor sheep out of England, contrary to
OVIP/AROUS, a. [L. ovum, egg, and pario, the statute. Blackstone.
OVERWEATHER, v. t. overweth’er. [See to produce. ] (This explanation of owling favors the
Weather.| 'To bruise or batter by vio- |Producing eggs, or producing young from | derivation of the word from wool.|
lence of weather. eggs. Fowls and reptiles are oviparous OWL/-LIGHT, x. Glimmering or imperfect
OVERWEE'N, v. i. [ween is obsolete, ex-| animals.
cept in composition. See the word.]} | light. Warburton.
1. To think too highly ; to think arrogantly) O'VOID, a. [L. ovum, egg, and Gr. £805, OWL’-LIKE, a. Like an owl in look and
or conceitedly. | form.] Having the shape of an egg. habits. Donne.
2. To reach beyond the truth in thought; O'VOLO, n. In architecture, a round mold-|) OWN, a. [Sax. agen; Sw. Dan. egen; D.
to think too favorably. Shak. Milton. ing, the quarter of acircle ; called also the | G. eigen; the participle of Sax. agan, to
OVERWEE'NING, ppr. Thinking too high- quarter round. Encye. possess. See Owe and Ought.]
ly or conceitedly. OWE, v. t. 0. [a regular verb, pret. and 1. Belonging to; possessed ; peculiar ; usu-
2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of} pp. owed; used with the auxiliary have, ally expressing property with emphasis,
one’s self; conceited ; vain; as overween-| had, but not with the substantive verb to} or in express exclusion of others. It fol-
ing pride; an overweening brain. Locke. be. This verb is doubtless the Sax. agan, lows my, your, his, their, thy, her. God
OVERWEE/NINGLY, adv. With too much Goth. aigan, Sw. aga, Ice. eg, to have or! created man in Ais own image. Adam
vanity or conceit. possess, that is, to hold or retain, coin-| begat a son in his own likeness. Letthem
OVERWEIGH, »v. t. To exceed in weight; ciding with the Gr. eye. The Saxon par- fall by their own counsel. He washed us
to cause to preponderate ; to outweigh ;) ticiple agen, Dan. egen, is the English own. from our sins in his own blood. Scripture.
to overbalance. Hooker. Ought is a derivative tense, and was for- In the phrases, his own nation, his own
 Ox Ox ¥ OYE
country, the word own denotes that the en. We never apply the name ox to the) OX/YDIZEMENT, n. Oxydation.
person belongs to the nation or country. cow or female of the domestic kind. Oxen OX’Y DIZING, ppr. Oxydating.
2. Own often follows a verb ; as, the book is in the plural may comprehend both thel| [Oxrydize and its derivatives are now more
not my own, that is, my own book. male and temale. generally used than oxydate, though there
3. It is used as a substitute. ‘ OX’ALATE, n. [See Ovalic.] In chimistry, seems to be no ground for the preference.]
That they may dwell in a place of their own. a salt formed by a combination of the ox-|| OXYGEN, n. (Gr. ofvs, acid, and yevrae, to
2 Sam. vii. alic acid with a base.
In this use, a noun cannot follow own. Reany generate. |
a. (Gr. ofaacs, sorrel, from ofvs,!)
4. “He came to his own, and his own received acid. In chimistry, oxygen or oxygen gas is an el-
him not,” that is, his own nation or people;|Pertaining to sorrel. The oxalic acid is the ement or substance so named from its
own being bere used as a substitute, like acid of sorrel. property of generating acids; it is the res-
many other adjectives. pirable part ofair, vital air, or the basis of
OX’BANE, n. A plant, buphonos.
OWN, v.é. [from the adjective.) To have It; it is called the acidifying principle, and
Ainsworth. the principle or support of combustion.
the legal or rightful title to; to have the |OX'-EYE, n. [ox and eye.] A plant of the
exclusive right of possession and use. A Modern experiments, however, prove that
genus Buphthalmum ; another of the ge-
freeholder in the United States owns his it is not necessary in all cases to combus-
nus Anthemis; also, the ox-eye daisy or
farm. Men often own land or goods which Chrysanthemum. Fam. of Plants. tion or to acidity. Oxygen isa perma-
are not in their possession. OXEYED, a. Having large full eyes, like nently elastic fluid, invisible, inodorous,
2. To have the legal right to, without the and a little heavier than atmospheric air.
those of an ox. Burton.
exclusive right to use; as, aman owns the OX’FLY, n. A fly hatched under the skin of] Tn union with azote or nitrogen, it forms
land in front of his farm to the middle of] cattle. atmospheric air, of which it constitutes
the highway. about a fifth part. Water contains about
OX’GANG, n. [ox and gang, going.] In an-
3. To acknowledge to belong to; to avow 85 per cent. of it, and it exists in most
cient laws, as much land as an ox can plow
or admit that the property belongs to. vegetable and animal products, acids, salts
in a year; said to be fifteen acres, or as
When you come, find me out and oxyds. It forms 50 per cent. of silex,
And own me for your son. Dryden.
others alledge, twenty acres.
47 of alumin, 28 of lime, 40 of magnesia,
4. To avow; to confess, as a fault, crime or OX'HEAL, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 17 of potash, and 25 of soda.
other act; that is, to acknowledge that
OXIOD ‘IE, a. Pertaining to or consisting Dict. Nat. Hist. Cyc. Ure. Phillips.
one has done the act; as, to own the faults
of the compound ofoxygen and iodine.
of youth; to own our guilt. The man is Webster's Manual. OX’/YGENATE, v. t. To unite or cause to
combine with oxygen, without the evolu-
charged with theft, but he has not owned OX’LIKE,
Ox.
a. [ox and like.] Resembling an
tion of heat or light; to acidify by oxygen.
it. Sandys.
5. In general, to acknowledge; to confess ; OX’LIP, n. A plant, the cowslip.
OX/YGENATED, pp. United with oxygen.
to avow ; to admit to be true; not to de- OX’'STALL, n. A stall or stand for oxen. OX’YGENATING, ppr. Uniting with ox-
ny ;_as, to own our weakness and frailty. OXTONGUE, n. ox/tung. A plant of the ygen.
Many own the gospel of salvation more from
genus Picris. OXYGENA'TION, n. The act, operation or
custom than conviction. J. M. Mason. OXYERATE, n. (Gr. ofvs, acid, and xepac, process of combining with oxygen.
to mix.] OX'YGENIZABLE, a. Capable of being ox-
OWNED, pp. The legal title being vested
in; as, the property is owned by a com- A mixture of water and vinegar. [Little ygenized.
pany. used. | Wiseman. OX’YGENIZE, v. t. To oxygenate, which
OX’‘YD, n. [Gr. ofvs, acid, sharp ; o€os, vine- see.
2. Acknowledged ; avowed ; confessed.
OWNER, x. The rightful proprietor; one gar. The true orthography of this word OX’YGENIZED, pp. Oxygenated.
who has the legal or rightful title, whether is oryd, as originally written by Lavoisier OX’YGENIZEMENT, n. Oxygenation.
he is the possessor or not. and his associates. No analogy in the
language is better established than the OX'YGENIZING, ppr. Oxygenating.
The ox knoweth his owner. Is. i.
The centurion believed the master and owner uniform translation of the Greek v into the OXYG’/ENOUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or
of the ship. Acts xxvii. Englishy, asin Latin, and it is very ab- obtained from it.
OWNERSHIP, n. Property; exclusive surd to preserve this analogy in orygen, (OX’YGON, n. (Gr. ofvs, sharp, and yor, an
right of possession ; legal or just claim or orymuriate and hydrogen, and depart trom angle.]
ttle. The ownership ofthe estate isin A; it in oxyd. | A triangie having three acute angles.
the possession isin B. In chimistry, a substance formed by the com- Dict.
OWNING, ppr. Having the legal or just ti- bination of a portion of oxygen with some OXY-l’ODINE, n. In chimistry, a compound
tle to. base ; or a substance combined with oxy- of the chloriodic and oxiodic acids. Davy.
2. Acknowledging ; avowing; confessing. gen, without being in the state of an acid. OX'YMEL, n. [Gr. ofvs, acid, and MEAL,
OWRE, n. [L. wrus.] A beast. [Not used. ] Dict. Nat. Hist. Ure. honey.]
Ainsworth. OXYDABIL'TY, n. The capacity of being A mixture of vinegar and honey.
OWSE, n. Bark of oak beaten or ground to | converted into an oxyd. Med. Repos. Arbuthnot.
sniall pieces, Ash. (OX/YDABLE, a. Capable of being conyert- OXYMO/RON, n. [Gr. oftuepor, a smart
OW’SER, n. Bark and water mixed in a ed into an oxyd. ers which at first view appears fool-
tan-pit. Ash.|| OX’YDATE, v. t. To convert into an oxyd, ish.
OX, n. plu. oxen. pron. ov/n. [Sax. ora; as metals and other substances, by combi- A rhetorical figure, in which an epithet of a
G. ochs, ochse ;D. os ;Sw. Dan. oxe ; Sans. nation with oxygen. It differs from acid- quite contrary signification is added to a
uksha; Armen. os.] word ; as cruel kindness.
ify, to make acid, or to convert into an
The male of the bovine genus of quadru- acid, as in oxydation the acid that enters Oxyprussic acid, chloroprussie acid.
peds, castrated and grown to his size or into combination is not sufficient to form OXYR/RHODINE, n. [compounded of Gr.
nearly so. The young male is ealled in an acid. ogus, acid, and podor, rose. |
America a steer. The same animal not OX’/YDATED, pp. Converted into an oxyd. A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses
castrated is called a bull. These distinc- JOX’YDATING, ppr. Converting into an with oue of the vinegar ofroses, Floyer.
tions are well established with us in re- oxyd. OX/YTONE, a. [Gr. ofvs, sharp, and rovos,
gard to domestic animals of this genus.| OXYDA’TION, n. The operation or pro- tone. |
When we speak of wild animals of this! cess of converting into an oxyd, as metals Having an acute sound. Walker.
kind, ox is sometimes applied both to the.
or other substances, by combining with OX’/YTONE, n. An acute sound.
male and female, and in z00logy, the same them a certain portion of oxygen.
practice exists in regard to the domestic OY’ER, nx. [Norm. oyer, hearing ;Fr. owzr,
animals. So in common usage, a pair of) Lavoisier. Ure. to hear.]
bulls yoked may be sometimes called \OX’YDIZE, v. t. To oxydate, which see. In law, a hearing or trial of causes. A court
or- \OX’YDIZED, pp. Oxydated. | of oyer and terminer is constituted by a
 PAC PAC PAC
commission to inquire, hear and determine silence and attention. It is thrice repeat- ing to rocks or other fixed substances in
all treasons, felonies and misdemeanors. ed, and most absurdly pronounced, O yes. salt water which is shallow, or in the
Blackstone.||OY LE'T-HOLE. [See Eyelet-hole.} mouths of rivers. Oysters are deemed
2. The hearing, as of a writ, bond, note or/OYS'TER, n. (G. auster; D. oester ;Sw. nourishing y and delicious food.
other specialty; as when a defendant in ostra ; Dan. éster; Fr. huitre; Arm. his-|OYS’/TER-SHELL, n. The hard covering
court prays oyer of a writing. trenn or eistren; Russ. ystritz; Corn. es- or shell of the oyster.
Blackstone. tren; L. ostrea; Gr. ogpeov ;probably con- \OYS’'TER-WENCH, A woman whose
OYES, [Fr. oyez, hear ye.] This word is nected in origin with oseov, bone, and OYS’'TER-WIFE, {ocean is to
used by the sheriff or his substitute in named from its hardness.} OYS’TER-WOMAN, sell oysters ; a low
making proclamation in court, requiring||A bivalvular testaceous animal, found adher- woman. Sh ak.

P.
PA‘/€ATE, a. [L. pacatus.] Peaceful; tran- which do not ruminate, as the elephant,
P is the sixteenth letter of the English Al- quil. [Not used.] mastodon or N. American mammoth, hip-
phabet, and a labial articulation formed by,
popotamus, sus or hog, rhinoceros, tapir,
a close compression of the anterior part of PA‘CATED, a. Appeased. [Little used.]
Bailey. and horse. Cuvier.
the lips, as in ep. It is convertible into }
andf,sometimes into v, and in Greek, into PAC€A'TION, n. [L. paco, to calm or ap- The horse constitutes a separate order,
pease.] The act of appeasing. (Solipeda.) Ed: Encyc.
@. This letter is found in the oriental
languages, from which it was received into PACECAN’, n. An American tree and its nut. PACIE'T€, a. [L. pacificus, from pacifico, to
the Greek and Latin ; except however the PACE, n. [Fr. pas ; It. passo; Sp. paso; L. make peace. See Peace.]
‘Arabic, which has not this letter, and the passus, from pando, to open, or Gr. xarew, 1. Peace-making ; conciliatory ; suited to
Arabians cannot easily pronounce it. In totread. See Pass.} make or restore peace; adapted to reconcile
some words which we have borrowed . A step. differences ; mild ; appeasing; as, to offer
from the Greek, p is mute, as in psalm, 2. The space between the two feet in walk- pacific propositions to a belligerent power.
ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, ing, estimated at two feet and a half. But The measures proposed are ia their nature
unless it may be in receipt, and a few ir- pacific.
the geometrical pace is five feet, or the
regular words. P aspirated.or followed whole space passed over by the same foot 2. Calm; tranquil; as a pacific state of
by h, represents the Greek 9, which ans- things.
from one step to another. Sixty thousand
wers to the Englishf, as in philosophy. such paces make one degree on the equa- PACIE’I€, n. The appellation given to the
As an abbreviation, P. stands for Publius, tor. Encye. ocean situated between America on the
pondo, &c.; P. A. DIG. for patricia dig- 3. Manner of walking ; gait; as a languish- west, and Asia; so called on account of
mitas; P. C. for Patres Conscripti; P. F. ing pace; a heavy pace; a quick or slow its exemption from violent tempests.
for Publius Fabius; P. P. for propositum pace. Addison. PACIFICA’TION, n. [L. pacificatio. See
publice ; P. R. for populus Romanus ; 4. Step; gradation in business. [Little ws- Pacify.|
P.R.S. for pretoris sententia; P. R. 8. P. ed. Temple. 1. The act of making peace between nations
for preses provincie. 5. A mode of stepping among horses, in or parties at variance. Bacon. South.
P. M. stands for post meridiem, afternoon. which the legs on the same side are lifted 2. The act of appeasing or pacifying wrath.
As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one together. Ina general sense, the word may Hooker.
hundred, and with a dash over it, p, for be applied to any other mode of stepping. PACIFI€A’/TOR, n. [L.] A peace-maker ;
four hundred thousand. 6. Degree of celerity. Let him mend his one that restores amity between contend-
Among physicians, P. stands for pugil, or the pace. ing parties or nations. Bacon.
eighth part of a handful; P. As. for partes To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, PACIF‘ICATORY, a. Tending to make
equales, equal parts of the ingredients; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day— peace ; conciliatory. Barrow.
P. P. for pulvis patrum,or the Jesuits’ bark Shak.
in powder ; and ppt. for preparatus, pre- To keep or hold pace, to keep up; to go or PACIFIED, pp. Appeased ; tranquilized.
pared. Encys. meve as fast as something else. PACIFIER, 2. One who pacifies.
PA/AGE, n. [Norm. paage, payment. See PACE, v. i. To go; to walk; to move. PAC'IFY, v. t. (Fr. pacifier ;Sp. pacificar ;
Pay.| Spenser. Shak. It. pacificare; L. pacifico; pax, pacis,
A toll for passage over another person’s 2. To go, move or walk slowly. peace, and facio, to make.]
grounds. [Vol used.] Burke. 3. To move by lifting the legs on the same . To appease, as wrath or other violent pas-
side together, as a horse. sion or appetite ; to calm; to still ; to qui-
PAB'ULAR, a. [L. pabulum, food.] Pertain- PACE, v. t. To measure by steps; as, to
ing to food; affording food or aliment. et; to allay agitation or excitement; as,
pace a piece of ground. to pacify a man when angry, or to pacify
PABULA’TION, n. [L. pabulatio, from pab- 2. To regulate in motion. | his wrath or rage; the word being appli-
ulor, to feed.| If you can, pace your wisdom ed both to the person and to the passion.
The act of feeding or procuring provender. In that good path that I would wish it go— | So we say, to pacify hunger, to pacify im-
Cockeram. Shak. portunate demands.
PAB/ULOUS, a. [L. pabulum, food.| Af- PA’CED, a. Having a particular gait; used, 9~ To restore peace to; to tranquilize; as,
fording aliment or food ; alimental. chiefly in composition ; as slow-paced. to pacify countries in contention.
Brown. 2. In composition, going all lengths; as a Bacon.
PAB/ULUM, n. [L.] Food; aliment; that thorough-paced intriguer. |PACIFYING, ppr. Appeasing ; tranquil-
which feeds. PA‘CER, n. One that paces; a horse that izing.
2. Fuel; that which supplies the means of] paces. PACK, n. [D. pak; G. Sw. pack. See the
combustion. Encye. PACHY DERM ATOUS, a. [Gr. xayvs, thick, Verb.
PA/CA, n. A small animal of America, bear- and depya, skin.] 1. A bundle of any thing inclosed in a cover
ing some resemblance to a hare and a pig. Having a thick skin; an epithet applied to) or bound fast with cords; a bale; as a
It is a species of cavy; called also the an order of animals, called Pachydermata, pack of goods or cloth. The soldier bears
spotted cavy. Dict. Nat. Hist. Ed. Encyc.| embracing all the hoofed quadrupeds a pack on his back.!
 PAC PAD PAG
2. A burden or load ; as a pack of sorrows. es and passengers from place to place, or PAD’DLE, v.t. To propel by an oar or
Shak. to carry passengers and goods coastwise. paddle.
3. A number of cards, or the number used U. States. PAD’DLE, n. [In L. batillus is a paddle-
in games; so called from being inclosed PACK’ET, v. %. To ply with a packet or staff; in Gr. marranros is a pole; in W.
together. Addison. dispatch-vessel. U. States. padell is apan. The latter would express
4, A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or PACKET-BOAT. [See Packet.] the broad part of an oar ; but it may have
kept together, that is, a crowd or assem- PACK’/ET-SHIP, n. A ship that sails regu- no connection with paddle.}
blage united. _ . Dryden. larly between distant countries for the 1. An oar, but not a large oar. It is now
5. A number of persons united in a bad de- conveyance of dispatches, letters, passen- applied to a sort of short oar used in pro-
sign or practice; as a pack of thieves or gers, &c. pelling and steering canoes and boats.
knaves. Swift. PACK’/HORSE, m. A horse employed in 2. The blade or the broad part of an oar or
6. A great number crowded together ; as a carrying packs or goods and baggage. weapon.
pack of troubles. [JVot used.] dinsworth. Locke. Thou shalt have a paddle on thy weapon.
7. A loose or lewd person. ([Sax. pecan, to 2. A beast of burden, Deut. xxiii.
deceive.] [.Vot used.] Skelton. PACKING, ppr. Laying together in close PAD'DLER, n. One that paddles.
PACK, v. t. [D. pakken; G. packen ; Sw. order; binding in a bundle; putting in PAD’DLE-STAFF, n. A staff headed with
packa; L. pango, pactum, pactus ;impingo, barrels with salt, &c. ; uniting, as men for broad iron. Hall.
compingo ; Gr. anya, nayvs, anyos; Dan. a fraudulent purpose. PAD'DOCK, n. [Sax. pada or pad; D.
pagt, a covenant, a farm; hence dispatch, PACK’ING, n. A trick; collusion. —_Bale. pad, padder.|_ A toad or frog.
to send away. The sense is to send, to PACK’/SADDLE, n. A saddle on which Walton. Dryden.
drive, whence to press, to make compact. packs or burdens are laid for conveyance. PAD’DOCK, n. [said to be corrupted from
Hence we say, to pack off, Sw. packa, that is, PACK’/STAFF, n. A staff on which a trav- Sax. parruc, park.]
eler occasionally supports his pack. 1. A small inclosure for deer or other ani-
to depart with speed ; Ar. 5G bakka, to Bp. Hall. mals. Johnson.
2. An inclosure for races with hounds, &c.
be compressed, to press, Ch. pax. Class PACK’THREAD, x. Strong thread or Encye.
Bg. No. 18. See also No. 33. 66. 32.] twine used in tying up parcels. PAD/DOCK-PIPE, n. A plant of the ge-
1. To place and press together ; to place in PACK’-WAX, n. A tendinous substance o nus Equisetum.
close order ; as, to pack goods in a box or the neck of an animal. Ray. PAD/DOCK-STOOL, n. A plant of the
chest. PA‘€O, An animal of South America, genus Agaricus ;a mushroom, vulgarly
wo To put together and bind fast; as, to PA’€OS, :resembling the camel in shape, toadstool.
pack any thing for carriage with cords or but much smaller. It is sometimes called PADELION, n. [Fr. pas de lion, lion’s foot.]
straps. the Peruvian sheep, on account ofits long A plant. Ainsworth.
3. To put in close order with salt intermix- thick hair. Encye. PAD’LOCK, n. [qu. D. padde, a toad, from
ed ; as, to pack meat or fish in barrels. PACT, n. [Fr.; L. pactum, from pango. See its shape.]
4. To send in haste. Shak. Pack.]} A lock to be hung ona staple and held by a
5. To put together, as cards, in such a man- A contract ; an agreement or covenant. link. Prior.
ner as to secure the game; to put together Bacon. PAD’‘LOCK, v.t. To fasten with a pad-
in sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards ; lock ; to stop; to shut; to confine.
hence, to unite persons iniquitously, with PA€’/TION, : n. Lu[L. ffpactio. See Pack.| An Bull. Milton.
a view to some private interest; as, to agreement or contract. Hayward.
PAD'NAG, n. An ambling nag. Dr. Pope.
pack a jury, that is, to select persons for a PA€/TIONAL, a. By way of agreement. PAD/OW-PIPE, n. A plant. [See Paddock-
jury who may favor a party ; to pack a Sanderson. pipe.|
parliament; to pack an assembly of bish- PA€TI’TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement PADUASOY’, n. [from Padua, in Italy,
ops. Pope. Butler. Atterbury. or stipulation.
and Fr. soie, silk.] A particular kind of
PACK, v. i. To be pressed or close; as, PAD, n. (Sax. paad, for path. See Path.] silk stuff.
the goods pack well. 1, A foot path ; a road. [Vol now used.] PA’AN, Among the ancients, a song of
2. To close ; to shut. Cleaveland. Prior. PE/AN, , * rejoicing in honor of Apollo;
3. To depart in haste ; with off. 2. An easy paced horse. Addison. Pope. hence, a song of triumph. Pope.
Poor Stella must pack offto town. Swift. 3. A robber that infests the road on foot; 2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables:
4. To unite in bad measures ; to confederate usually called a foot-pad.
written also pwon. Of this there are four
for ill purposes ; to join in collusion. PAD, ». A soft saddle, cushion or bolster
kinds; the first consisting of one long and
Go, pack with him. Shak. stuffed with straw, hair or other soft sub- three short syllables, or a trochee and a
PACK’AGE, n. A bundle or bale; a quan- stance. Camden. pyrrhic, as témporibus ; the second of a
tity pressed or bound together ; asa pack- PAD, v. i. [Gr. rareo. See Path.] To travel short syllable, a long and two short, or an
age of cloth. slowly.
jambus and a pyrrhic, as potentid ; the
2. A charge made for packing goods. 2. 'To rob on foot. third of two short syllables, a long and a
PACK’€LOTH, n. A cloth for packing 3. To beat a way smooth and level. short one, or a pyrrhic and a trochee, as
goods, or in which they are tied. PAD/AR, n. Grouts ; coarse flour or meal. animatis ; the fourth of three short sylla-
PACK’ED, pp. Put together and pressed; [Vot used in U. States.] Wotton. bles and a long one, or a pyrrhie and iam-
tied or bound in a bundle ; put down and PAD’/DER, n. A robber on foot ; a high- bus, as céléritas. Encyce.
salted, as meat; sent off; united iniqui- wayman. Dryden. PA/GAN, n. [L. paganus, a peasant or
tously. PADDLE, v. i. [The French patrowiller countryman, from pagus, a village.]
PACK’ER, n. One that packs; an officer signifies to paw, to paddle, and hence the A heathen; a Gentile ;an idolater; one who
appointed to pack meat, as beef, pork, English patrol. This word seems to be worships false gods. This word was ori-
fish, &c. Stat. of Conn. from patle, a paw, allied perhaps to L.pes, ginally applied to the inhabitants of the
PACKET, n. (Fr. paquet; Sp. Port. pa- pedis, the foot, and this is allied to the Gr. country, who on the first propagation of
quete ; from pack.]} matew, to tread. To paddle, then, is to the christian religion adhered to the wor-
1. Asmall pack or package; a little bundle use the paw. But perhaps it is from the ship of false gods, or refused to receive
or parcel; as a packet of letters. Bacon. noun, which see.] christianity, after it had been received by
2. A dispatch-vessel ; a ship or other vessel 1. To row ; to beat the water, as with oars. the inhabitants of the cities. In like manner,
employed by government to convey letters Gay. heathen signifies an inhabitant of the heath
from country to country or from port to 2. To play in the water with the hands, as or woods, and caffer, in Arabic, signifies
port. [Originally packet-boat, Sp. paque- children ; or with the feet, as fowls or the inhabitant of a hut or cottage, and
bote, Fr. paquebol. | other animals. one that does not receive the religion of
3. A vessel employed in conveying dispatch- 3. To finger. Shak. Mohammed. Pagan is used to distinguish
Vol. II. 29
 PAG PATI PATI
one from a Christian and a Mohamme- PA/GEANTRY, x. Show; pompous exhi- Interpose, on pain of my displeasure,
dan. bition or spectacle. Betwixt their swords. Dryden.
PA/GAN, a. Heathen ; heathenish; Gen- Such pageantry be to the people shown. PAIN, v. t. [W. poeni; Norm. painer; Fr.
tile ;noting a person who worships false i Dryden. einer; Sp. penar; It. penare; D. pynen;
gods. PAG’INAL, a. Consisting of pages. an. piner ; Sw. pina; Sax. pinan; Gr.
2. Pertaining to the worship of false gods. Brown. noveo, The primary sense is to strain,
PA/GANISH, a. [Sax. paganisc.] Heathen- PA‘GOD, 2, [Pers. pout ghod, or boot urge, press. See the Noun.]
ish; pertaining to pagans. King. PAGO’DA, § * khoda, a house of idols, or uf To make uneasy or to disquiet; to cause
PA/GANISM, n. [Fr. paganisme ; It. pa- abode of God; Hind. boot kuda. Thomson. uneasy sensations in the body, of any de-
ganesimo.| Fryer.) gree ofintensity ; to make simply uneasy,
Heathenism ; the worship of false gods, or 1. A temple in the East Indies in which or to distress, to torment. The pressure
the system of religious opinions and wor- idols are worshiped. Pope. of fetters may pain a limb ; therack pains
ship maintained by pagans. 2. An idol; an image of some supposed de- the body.
Addison. Hooker. ity. Stilling fleet. 2. To afflict ; to render uneasy in mind; to
Men instructed from their infaney in the PAGO’DA, n. A gold or silver coin current disquiet; to distress. We are pained at
principles and duties of christianity, never sink in Hindoostan, of different values in dif- the death of a friend ; grief pains the
to the degradation of paganism. G. Spring. ferent parts of India, from $175 cts. to heart ;we are often pained with fear or
PA/GANIZE, v.t. To render heathenish 5 $2, or from 8 to Ys. sterling. solicitude.
to convert to heathenism. Ch. Obs. PA’/GODITE, n. A name given to the min- I am pained at my very heart. Jer. iv.
PA/GANIZE, v. i. To behave like pagans. eral of which the Chinese make their pa-
3. Reciprocaily, to pain one’s self, to labor;
Milton. godas. It is called also lardite, koreite,
and agalmatolite. to make toilsome efforts. [Little used.]
PA‘/GANIZED, pp. Rendered heathenish. Spenser.
PA/GANIZING, ppr. Rendering heathen- PAID, pret. and pp. of pay; paid for payed. PA/INFUL, a. Giving pain, uneasiness or
ish; behaving like pagans; adopting PA‘IGLE, A plant and flower of the
distress to the body ; as a painful opera-
heathen principles and practice. PA/GIL, bn. genus Primula or _ prim- tion in surgery.
PAGE, n. (Fr. Sp. page; It. paggio ; Port. rose ;cowslip-primrose. Fam. of Plants.
2. Giving pain to the mind; afflictive; dis-
pagem ; Arm. paich; Sw. poike; Dan. PAIL, n. [W. paeol ; Gr. ea20.] An open quieting ; distressing.
poz; Russ. paj, a boy,a page. The Gr. wooden vessel used in families for carry-
ing liquids, as water and milk, usually Evils have been more painful to us in the
nas, a boy, is undoubtedly a contracted prospect, than in the actual pressure.
form of the same word; for mage, containing from eight to twelve quarts.
from b : Addison.
nats, forms nag, raryGers; hence it may PA‘IL-FULL, x. The quantity that a pail 3. Full of pain; producing misery or aftlic-
be inferred that as was originally xavycs. will hold. tion. Milton.
The Eng. boy is a contraction of this PAILMAIL. [See Pallmall.] - Requiring labor or toil; difficult; exe-
word; W. bacgen, a boy, a child, from PAIN, n. [W. poen; Corn. Arm. poan; Iv. cuted with laborious effort ; as a painful
Cine pian; Fr. pewne ; Norm. pene, peine; D. service. The army had a painful march.
bac, small; Pers. ass faige, a footman pyn ; Sax. pin or pine ; G. pein; Dan. on. Laborious; exercising labor ;undergoing
pine; Sw. pina; It. Sp. Port. pena; L. toil ; industrious.
or lackey.] pena; Gr. xorn, penalty, and zovos, pain,
. A boy attending ona great person, rather ae
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.
for formality or show, than for servitude. Dryden.
He had two pages of honor, on either hand
labor ;Sans. pana; Ar. 72 fanna,
to PA/INFULLY, adv. With suffering of body ;
one. Bacon. drive, afflict, distress. Class Bn. No, 22. with affliction, uneasiness or distress of
2. A boy or man that attends on a legisla- 23. 26. See the Verb.] mind.
tive body. In Massachusetts, the page is ifs An uneasy sensation in animal bodies, 2. Laboriously ; with toil; with laborious
a boy that conveys papers from the mem- of any degree from slight uneasiness to effort or diligence. Raleigh.
bers of the house of representatives to the extreme distress or torture, proceeding PA’INFULNESS, zn. Uneasiness or distress
speaker, and from the speaker or clerk to from pressure, tension or spasm, separa- of body. South.
the members. tion of parts by violence, or any derange- 2. Affliction ; sorrow ; grief; disquietude or
PAGE, n. [L. pagina; Fr. page.) One side ment of functions. Thus violent pressure distress of mind.
ofa leaf of a book. Watts. or stretching of a limb gives pain ; inflam- 3. Laborious effort or diligence; toil.
2. A book or writing or writings; as the mation produces pain; wounds, bruises Hooker.
page ofhistory. and incisions give pain. PA/INIM, n. [Norm. paynim; Fr. paien ;
3. Pages, in the plural, signifies also books 2. Labor; work; toil: laborious effort. In contracted from pagan.] A pagan. [Not
or writings; as the sacred pages. this sense, the plural only is used ; as, to used. | Peacham.
PAGE, v.t. To mark or number the pages take pains ; to be at the pains. PA‘INIM, a. Pagan; infidel. [ot used.]
of a book or manuscript. High without taking pais to rise. h Milton.
2. To attend, asa page. Shak. Waller PA‘INLESS, a. Free from pain. Fell.
PAGEANT, n. pajent. [L. pegma; Gr. The same with pains we gain, but lose with 2. Free from trouble. Dryden.
anya, something showy carried in tri- ease. Pope.
umph. } 3. Labor; toilsome effort; task ; in the sin-, PA/INSTAKER, n. A laborious person.
1. A statue in show, or a triumphal car, gular. [Vot now used.] Gay.
chariot, arch or other pompous thing, dee- Spenser. Waller. PA/INSTAKING, a. Laborious; indie
orated with flags, &c. and carried in pub- 4. Uneasiness of mind; disquietude ; anxie- ous. Harris.
lic shows and processions. Cyc. ty ; solicitude for the future ; grief, sor- PA‘INSTAKING, n. Labor; great indus-
row for the past. We suffer pain when try.
2. A show ; aspectacle of entertainment;
something intended for pomp. we fear or expect evil; we feel pain at the PA'INT, v. t. [F'r, peindre, peignant, peint;
Pl play my part in fortune’s pageant. loss of friends or property. L. pingo, pictus; Sp. pintar ; It. pignere
Shak. 5. The throws or distress oftravail or child-| or pingere, to throw, to push, to paint.
3. Any thing showy, without stability or birth. The elements are probably Pg or Pk, as
duration. She bowed herself and travailed, for her in fingo, fictus.]
Thus unlamented pass the proud away, pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 1. To form a figure or likeness in colors ; as,
The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day. 6. Penalty ; punishment suffered or de- to paint a hero or a landseape.
Panay! | Pope. nounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a To cover or besmear with color or colors,
PA/GEANT, a. Showy ; pompous ; osten- punishment for a crime, or annexed to the either with or without figures; as, to
t
tatious. y Dryden. commission of a crime. paint a cloth ; to painta house.
PA/GEANT, v. t. To exhibit in show; to None shall presume to fly under pain of 3. To represent by colors or images ; to ex-
represent. Shak. death. Addison. hibit in form,
‘
 PA tT PAL PAL
When folly grows romantic, we must paint it. PAIR, v. %. To be joined in pairs;
Pope.
to coup- PAL/ATE, v. ¢. To ‘perceive by the taste.
le ; as. birds pair in summer. [Vot used.|
4. To represent or exhibit to the mind; to 2. To suit; to fit; asa counterpart. Shak.
presentin form or likeness to the intellect- PALA’TIAL, a. [from palate.] Pertaining
Ethelinda, to the palate ; as the palatial retraction of
ual view ; to describe. My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.
Disloyal ! the tongue. Barrow.
Rowe.
—The word is too good to paint out her PAIR, v. t. To unite in couples;
as minds
PALA/TIAL, a. [from L. palatium, palace.|
wickedness. Shak. paired in heaven. Dryden. Pertaining to a palace; becoming a pal-
5. To color; to diversify with colors. ace ; inagnificent.
2. To unite as correspondent, or rather to Drummond.
Spenser: | contrast. PAL/ATIe€, a. Belonging to the palate.
6. To lay on artificial color for ornament. [ot used.]
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. Glossy jetis paired with shining white. Holder.
PALAT'INATE, n. [It. palatinato, from L
2 Kings ix. Pope.
palatinus. See Palatine.)
PAINT, v. 7. To lay colors on the face. It! PAIR, v. t. Toimpair. [See Impair.]
The province or seignory of a palatine; as
is said the ladies in France paint. PA‘IRED, pp. Joined in couples; fitted ;
suited. the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany,
2. To practice painting. The artist paints called the upper and lower P ‘alatinate.
well. PA‘IRING, ppr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting.
PAINT, x. A coloring substance ; a sub- | PAL/ACE, n. [Fr. palais ; L. palatium; It. Encye.
stance used in painting. either simple or palazzo ; Sp. palacio ; G. pfalz, whence |PAL/ATINE, a. (Fr. palatin ; It. palatino ;
compound ; as a white paint, or red paint. from L. palatinus, from palatium, palace. |
Pfalzgraf, palsgrave ;W. plas ; Russ. pa-
2. Color laid on lata.| Pertaining to a palace; an epithet applied
canvas or other material ;
|1. A magnificent house in which an empe- originally to persons holding an office or
color representing any thing.
ror, a king or other distinguished person employment in the king’s palace ; hence
Pope. Addison.
3. Color laid on the face; rouge. resides; as an imperial palace ; a royal it imports possessing royal privileges; as
Young. a count palatine.
PAINTED, pp. Colored ; rubbed over | palace; a pontifical palace ; a ducal pal-
With paint ; as a painted house or cloth. ace. In England, formerly, were three coun-
2. Represented in form by colors. 2. A splendid place of residence ; as the ties palatine, Chester, Durham and Lan-
3. Described. sun’s bright palace. Addison. caster ; the two former by prescription,
PA’‘INTER, n. One whose occupation is to PAL/ACE-€0URT, n. The domestic court the latter by grant of Edward ILL. They
paint; one skilled in representing things of the kings of Great Britain, which ad- were so called, because the proprietors,
in colors. ministers justice between the king’s do- the earl of Chester, the bishop of Durham
PA'INTER, n. [qu. Ir. painter, a snare, { mestic servants. It is held once a week and the duke of Lancaster, possessed royal
that which holds. | before the steward of the household and rights, as fully as the king in his palace.
A rope used to fasten a bo at to a ship or knight marshal ; its jurisdiction extending Of these, the county of Durham is the on-
other object. twelve miles in circuit from his majesty’s ly one now remaining in the hands of a
Mar. Dict. subject. Blackstone.
PA‘INTING, ppr. Representing in colors; palace. Blackstone.
laying on colors. PALA/CIOUS, a. [from palace.| Royal ; P AL/ATINE, n. One invested with royal
PA‘INTING, n. The art of forming figures | noble; magnificent. [.Vot used. | privileges and rights. A palatine or count
or resembling objects in colors on canvas palatine, on the continent of Europe, is
Graunt.
or other material, or the art of represent- PALANKEE'N, {In Hindoo, palkee, one delegated by a prince to hold courts
ing to the eye by means of figures and PALAN’QUIN, bn. apparently from Sans. of justice in a province, or one who has a
colors, any object of sight, and sometimes paluk, a couch. But it accords better}, palace and a court of justice in his own
the emotions of the mind. Encyc. ei Sp. It. palanca, a pole, Port. palan- = house. In Poland, a palatine may be re-
2. A picture ; a likeness or resemblance { que. garded as the governor of a province.
in colors. Shak. A covered carriage used in India, China, Encye.
8. Colors laid on. Shak. &c. borne on the shoulders of men, and PAL/ATIVE, a. Pleasing to the taste.
PA’INTURE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The art of in which a single person is conveyed from [Vot used.] Brown.
painting. Dryden. place to place. PAL‘AVER, n. 18p. palabra, Port. palavra,
PAIR, n. [Fr. pair ; L. Sp. Port. par ; It. pari ; PAL/ATABLE, a. [from palate.] Agree- a word. Qu. W. llavar, utterance ; with a
Arm. par; D. paar ; G. par, paar; Sw. able to the taste ;savory. Addison. prefix. ]
par; Norm. par or peir; Ir. peire ; Sax.! 2. That is relished. \l. Idle talk.
gefera, with a prefix. In W. par signifies! PAL’ATABLENESS, n. The quality of] 2. Flattery ;adulation. [This is used with
what is contiguous or in continuity, a) heing agreeable to the taste; relish. us in the vulgar dialect.
State of readiness or preparedness, a pair, Atkin. 3. Talk ;conversation ; conference ; a sense
fellow, match or couple, and para signifies PAL’/ATAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; used in Africa, as appears by the relations of
to endure, to continue, to persevere ; paru,| uttered by the aid of the palate. missionaries.
to couple or join. In this language, as PAL/ATAL, n. A letter pronounced by the} PAL‘AVER, v. t. To flatter. [In vulgar
in| use.|
Spanish, par, pair,is shown to be connect-| aid of the palate, or an articulation ofthe
ed with the L. paro, to prepare. root of the tongue with the roof of the|| PALE, a. [Fr. pale, palir ; L. palleo, palli-
Heb. Ch. Syr. fh. 53H signifies toNowjoin, in
mouth; as g hard and &, in eg, ek. dus ; Russ. bielie, white; bieliju, to whi-
couple or associate, and the noun, an asso- |PAL/ATE, xn. [L. palatum, properly the ten. It is probably allied to Sax. falewe,
ciate, evidently this very word, which arch or cope of heayen.} fealo, fallow, pale red or yellow, D. vaal,
goes
far to prove that 53M is a derivative
of the! 1. The roof or upper part of the mouth.|| from the sense of failing, withering; W.
root 12, from which the Latins probably! The glands in this part of the mouth se- pallu, to fail. See Class Bl. No. 6. 7. 13.
have paro. See Class Br. No. 19. The crete a mucous fluid, which lubricates 18.)
primary sense of the root is to throw, the mouth and throat, and facilitates de- Ll. White or whitish; wan; deficient in col-
strain and extend, and hence par, glutition. Encye. or; not ruddy or fresh of color; as a pale
equal,. 2. Taste.
is extended to, near, contiguous, face or skin ; pale cheeks. We say also,
or equal-!
ly extended.] | Hard task to hit the palates of such guests. a pale red, a pale blue, that is, a whitish
— - Two things of a kind, similar in form, Pope. red or blue. Pale is not precisely synony-
applied to the same purpose, and suited [This signification of the word origin- mous with white, as it usually denotes
to,
each other or used together; as a pair of; ated in the opinion that the palate is the what we call wan, a darkish dun white.
gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes ; instrument of taste. This is a mistake. 2. Not bright; not shining; of a faint lus-
Al In itselfithas no power oftaste.]
pair of oxen or horses. ter ;dim; as the pale light of the moon.
2. Two of a sort; a couple: a brace; 3. Mental relish ; intellectual taste. The night, methinks,
asa | is but the daylight
pair of nerves; a pair of doves. Luke Men of nice palates could not relish Aristotle, sick;
ii. | as dressed up by the schoolmen. Baker. It looks a little paler. Shak.
 PAL PAL PAL

v. t. To make pale. Shak. Prior. Pertaining to the exercise of wrestling. 2. To make spiritless ; to dispirit; to de-
PALE,
PALE, n. [Sax. pal; G. pfahl; D. paal; Bryant. press.
Sw. pile; Dan. pel; W. pawl ; L. palus;|PAL/ET, n. [Fr. pelote, a ball.] The crown The more we raise our love,
coinciding with Eng. pole, as well aspale ; of the head. [.Vot used.] Skelton.) The more we pall and cool and kill his ardor.
Russ. palitz, a stick or club. It has the PALETTE. [See Pallet.] Dryden.
elements of L. pala, a spade or shovel, and |PAL/FREY, n. (Fr. palefroi; It. palafreno; \3. To weaken ; to impair; as, to pall for-
the radical sense is probably an extended Sp. palafren ; Port. palafrem ; W. palvre. tune. Shak.
Ainsworth gives for the original word, in 4. To cloy; as the palled appetite. Tatler.
thing, or ashoot. Qu. Ar. jas pabala, Low Latin, paraveredi, [plu. of veredus,| PALLA’DIUM, n. [Gr. xaaaadcov, from Pal-
to dart. Class Bl. No. 18.] horses of a large size, used for carrying las, the goddess. |
the baggage of an army.] = . Primarily, a statue of the goddess Pallas,
_ . Anarrow board pointed or sharpened at
one end, used in fencing or inclosing. . Ahorse used by noblemen and others for which represented her as sitting with a
This is with us more generally called a state, distinguished from a war horse. pike in her right hand, and in her left a
Encye.}| distaff and spindle. On the preserva-
picket. tion of this statue depended the safety of
2. A pointed stake ; hence to empale, which 2. A small horse fit for ladies.
Johnson. Spectator. Troy. Hence,
see. 2. Something that affords effectual defense,
3. An inclosure ;properly, that which in- PAL/FREYED, a. Riding on a palfrey.
closes, like fence, limit ; hence, the space PALIFICA’/TION, n. [from L. palus, a protection and safety; as when we say,
inclosed. He was born within the pale of| stake or post.] the trial by jury is the palladium of our
the church ; within the pale of christiani- The act or practice of driving piles or posts civil rights. Blackstone.
ty. Atterbury. into the ground for making it firm. 3. A metal found in very small grains, of a
Wotton. steel gray color and fibrous structure, in
4. District; limited territory. Clarendon.
5. In heraldry, an ordinary, consisting of two PAL/INDROME, n. [Gr. rarudpomca ; nar, auriferous and platiniferous sand. It is
perpendicular lines drawn from the top to again, and dpouwsw or dpeue, to run, disused. | infusible by ordinary heat, and when na-
the base of the escutcheon, and contain- A word, verse or sentence that is the same tive, is alloyed with a little platina and irid-
ing the third middle part of the field. when read backwards or forwards ; as ium. Dict. Nat. Hist.
Encye. madam, or “Roma tibi subito motibus ibit PAL/LET, n. [Fr. palette ; It. paletta,a fire-
amor.” Encye. shovel; Sp. paleta; from L. pala, W. pal.
PALE, v.#. [D. paalen; G. pfihlen.| To in- PA‘LING, ppr. Inclosing with pales. a shovel, a peel.|
close with pales or stakes. Mortimer. PA‘LING, n. A fence formed with pales. 1. Among painters, a little oval table or
2. To inclose ; to encompass. Shak. PAL/INODE, (Gr. xarwodia; aru, board, or piece of ivory, on which the
PALEA/CEOUS, a. [L. palea, straw, chaff. ] PAL/INODY, , * again, and wéy, a song. | painter places the colors to be used. On
1. Chaffy ; resembling chaff, or consisting A recantation, or declaration contrary to a the middle the colors are mixed to obtain
of it; as a paleaceous pappus. Lee. former one. Encye. Sandys. the tints required. Encye.
2. Chaffy; furnished with chaff; as a palea- PALISA’DE, n. [Fr. palissade ; Sp. paliza- 2. Among potters, crucible makers, &c. a
ceous receptacle. Martyn. da; It. palizzata; from pale, or the same wooden instrument for forming, heating
PA/LED, pp. Inclosed with pales or pick- root. The Welsh has palis, a thin parti- and rounding their works, It is oval,
ets. tion of boards or laths, a wainscot; pa-|| round, &c. Encyc.
2. Striped. lisaw, to wainscot.] 3. In gilding, an instrument made of a squir-
PA’LE-EYED, a. Having eyes dimmed. A feuce or fortification consisting of a row rel’s tail, to take up the gold leaves from
Milton. of stakes or posts sharpened and set firm- the pillow, and to apply and extend
PA‘/LE-FACED, a. Having a pale or wan ly in the ground. In fortification, the them. Encyc.
face. Shak. posts are set two or three inches apart, ‘4. In heraldry, a small pale. [See Pale.}
2. Causing paleness of face ; as pale-faced parallel to the parapet in the covered way, 5. A small part belonging to the balance of
fear. Shak. to prevent a surprise. Palisades serve al- a watch; the nut of a watch. It is some-
PA‘/LE-HE‘ARTED, a. Dispirited. Shak. so to fortify the avenues of open forts, times written pallat.
PA‘LELY, adv. Wanly ; not freshly or rud- gorges, half-moons, the bottom ofditehes, 6. A measure formerly used by surgeons,
dily. &e. Encye. containing three ounces. Hakewill.
PAL’ENDAR, n. A kind of coasting vessel. PALISA/DE, v. t. To surround, inclose or PAL/LET, n. [paillet, Chaucer; Fr. paille,
Obs._ Knolles. fortify with stakes or posts. L. palea, straw; Ir. peall, a couch.) A
PA/LENESS, n. Wanness; defect of color; PA’LISH, a. [from pale.) Somewhat pale small bed. Milton.
want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly or wan; as a palish blue. Arbuthnot. IPAL‘LIAMENT, n. [L. pallium, a cloke.}
whiteness of look. PALL, n. [L. pallium; Sax. pelle; It. pal- A dress; a robe. [Not used.} Shak.
The blood the virgin’s cheek forsook, lio; Arm. pallen ; ay pear IPAL/LIARD,
n. [Fr.] A lecher ; a lewd
A livid paleness spreads o’er all her look. 1. A eloke ; a mantle of state. person. [Vot used nor English.]
Milton.
Pope. 2. The mantle of an archbishop. Ayliffe.
IPAL/LIARDISE, xn. Fornication. [ot
2. Want of color or luster; as the paleness| 3. The cloth thrown over a dead body at fu- used. Buck.
of a flower. Shak.) nerals. Dryden. \PAL/LIATE, v. t. [Fr. pallier ;Sp. paliar ;
PALEOG/RAPHY, n. [Gr. maravs, ancient, PALL, n. In heraldry, a figure like the Greek It. palliare ; from Low L.pallio, trom palli-
and ypapy, writing.] -: Encye. um, a cloke or robe.]}
1. The art of explaining ancient writings. PALL, v. t. To cloke ; to caver or invest. l1. To clothe. Obs.
More correctly, Shak. 2. To cover with excuse; to conceal the
2. An ancient manner of writing ; as Punic; PALL, v. i. [W. pallu, to fail ; allied to pale, enormity of offenses by excuses and apolo-
paleography E. Stiles., and to Gr. zanaus, old; Heb. Ch. Ar. 153; gies; hence, to extenuate; to lessen; to
PALEOL/OGIST, n. One who writes on Heb. 53). See Fuil. Class Bl. No. 6. 18. soften by favorable representations ; as, to
antiquity, or one conversant with antiqui-| 21.1 palliate faults, offenses, crimes or vices.
ty. Good.) J. To become vapid; to lose strength, life, Dryden.
PALEOL/OGY, n. [Gr. maraws, ancient, spirit or taste; to become insipid; as, the 3. To reduce in violence; to mitigate; to
and Aoyos, discourse. | liquor palls. lessen or abate; as, to palliate a disease.
A discourse or treatise on antiquities, or the} Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, PA ae a. Based; mitigated. [Vol
knowledge of ancient things. Fades in the eye and pails upon the sense. used.
PA’LEOUS, a. [L. palea, chaff.] Chaffy ; Addison. |PAL/LIATED, pp. Covered by excuses;
like chaff. Brown. PALL, v. ¢. To make vapid or insipid. extenuated ; softened.
PALES’TRIAN, ?- (Gr. marargpexos, from Reason and reflection—blunt the edge of the PAL/LIATING, ppr. Concealing the enor-
PALES’/TRIC, 6°" xaay, a struggling or keenest desires, and pall all his enjoyments. mity or most censurable part of conduct ;
wrestling ; madaw, to wrestle, to strive.] Atterbury. extenuating ; softening.
 PAL PAL PAM
PALLIA/TION, n. The act df palliating ; Africa, which grows to the highth of 60; to touch, or to spring, to leap, allied to Gr.
concealment of the most flagrant circum- and even of 100 feet, with an upright stem, Baarrw, Fr. baller.| The act of feeling.
stances of an offense ; extenuation by fa- crowned witha cluster of leaves or branch-| PAL/PITA'TE, v. %. [L. pulpito, trom palpo.
vorable representation ; as the palliation of es eight or nine feet lon tedr. extending all) Palpito illustrates the primary sense of
faults, offenses, vices or crimes. around like av umbrella. The fruit is in palpo.|
2. Mitigation; alleviation; abatement ;as of shape somewhat hike an acorn, This tree To beat gently ; to beat, as the heart; to
a disease. he: transplanted will grow in Europe, but the flutter, that is, to move with little throws ;
PALLIATIVE, a. [Fr. palliatif.] Extenu- fruit never ripens. Encyce. as we say, to go pit a pat; applied partic-
ating; serving to extenuate by excuses or This name is applied to other species of| ularly to a preternatural or excited move-
favorable representation. _ Warton. palins. ment of the heart.
2. Mitigating; alleviating; as pain or dis- PAL’MAR, a. [L. palmaris.] Of the breadth PALPITA’TION, n. [L. palpitatio.] A
ease. Arbuthnot. of the hand. Lee. beating of the heart; particularly, a pre-
PAL/LIATIVE, x. That which extenuates. PAL’/MATED, a. [L. palmatus, from palma, ternatural beating or pulsation excited by
2. That which mitigates, alleviates or abates alm. violent action of the body, by fear, fright
the violence of pain, disease or other evil. 1. Mave the shape of a hand ; resembling or disease. Harvey. Arbuthnot.
Suift. a hand with the fingers spread ; as palma- 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart.
PAL‘LID, a. [L. pallidus, from palleo, to ted leaves or stones. Encyce. Cullen. Parr.
become pale. See Pale.] 2. Entirely webbed ; as the palmated feet ot PALS/GRAVE, x. pawlzgrave. [G. pfalz-
Pale ;wan; deficient in color; not high col- aquatic fowls. graf, from pfalz, contracted from L. pala-
ored ; asa pallid countenance ; pallid blue. PALMER, n. p'amer. One that returned tium, palace, and graf, an earl; D. palts-
Spenser. Thomson. Harte. from the Holy Land bearing branches of graaf; Sax. gerefu,a reeve, whence sheriff.|
PAL/LIDLY, adv. Palely ; wanly. palm ; a pilgrim or crusader. Pope. A count or earl who has the superintend-
Taylor. PALMER-WORM, n. p\amer-worm. A worm ence ofthe king’s palice. Dict.
PAL/LIDNESS, n. Paleness; wanness. covered with hair ;supposed to be so call- PAL’SI€AL, a. sasz. [from palsy.] Affect-
PALL/MALL, n. [L. pila, a ball, and mal- ed because he wanders over all plants. ed with palsy; paralytic.
leus, mallet; It. palla, a ball, and malleo, a Joel i. . Johnson. PAL‘SIED, a. [from palsy.] Affected with
hammer. } PALMET’TO, n. A species of palm-tree, yalsy.
A play in which a ball is driven through an growing in the West Indies, of the genus PALSY, n. sausz. [supposed to be con-
iron ring by a mallet; also, the mallet. Chamerops. Thomson. tracted from Gr. xapaavocs, relaxation ;
Johnson. PALMIF’EROUS, a. [L. palma and fero, to tapaave, to loosen or relax. }
PAL’LOR, n. [L.] Paleness. Taylor. bear.] Bearing palms. Dict. The loss or defect of the power of voluntary
PALM, x. p'am. [L. palma; W. palv ; trom PAL/MIPED, a. [{L. palma and pes, foot.| muscular motion in the whole body, or in
spreading. | Web-tooted ; having the toes connected a particular part ; paralysis. When one
1. The inner part of the band. by a membrane ; as a water fowl. side only of the body is affected, it is call-
2. A hand or hand’s breadth; a lineal meas- PAL/MIPED, n. A fowl that has webbed ed hemiplegy. When the lower part of
ure of three inches. Holder. Bacon. feet, or the toes connected by a membrane. the body is paralytic, it is called paraplegy.
3. The broad triangular part of an anchor Encyc. Palsy may be a loss of the power of mo-
at the end of the arms. PAL/MISTER, n. [L. palma.] One who tion without a loss of sensation, or a loss
4, The name of many species ofplants, but deals in palmistry, or pretends to tell for- of sensation without loss of motion, or a
particularly of the date-tree or great palm, tunes by the palm of the hand. loss of both. Encyc. Good. Quincy.
a native of Asia and Africa. PAL/MISTRY, n. [L. palma, palm.] The PAL’TER, v. 7%. [probably allied to faulter
The palms constitute a natural order of) art or practice of divining or telling for- or falter, W. pallu, Eng. fail; Sp. Port.
monocotyledonous plants, with a simple tunes by the lines and marks in the palm faltar, to want, to fail, to miss, to balk,
cylindric stem, terminating in a crown of of the hand; a trick of imposture, much to come short. See Fail and Pall.)
leaves or fronds, within which rises a tuft practiced by gipseys. To shift; to dodge; to play tricks. Johnson.
of flowers and fruits; all natives of warm 2. Addison uses it humorously for the action Rather, to fail ; to come short; to balk.
climates. They vary in size from 2 to of the hand. Spectator. Romans, that have spoke the word
more than 100 feet in highth. PALMY, a. p‘amy. Bearing palms. Shak. And will not palter.
Jussieu. Lanne. PALP, v.t. To feel. [Not authorized.] | PAL’TER, v. t. To squander. Qu. [
|
5. Branches of the palm being worn in to- PALPABIL‘TY, x. [from palpable.] The used. | linsworth.
ken of victory, hence the word signifies quality of being perceptible by the touch. PAL/TERER, n. One that palters, fails or
superiority, victory, triumph. The palm Arbuthnot. falls short,
was adopted as an emblem of victory, it is
PAL’PABLE, a. [Fr. from L. palpor, to PaL’TRINESS, n. [from paltry.] The state
said, because the tree is so elastic as when of being paltry, vile or worthless.
pressed, to rise and recover its correct po- feel; It. palpabile.}
jl. Perceptible by the touch; that may be PAL’/TRY, a. [Sw. palta, plu. paltor, rags;
sition. Encye.
Namur subdued is England’s palm alone. felt; as a palpable substance ; palpable’ Dan. piall, a rag; pialted, ragged; Scot.
Dryden. darkness. Shak.| palirie or peltrie, vile trash; It. paltone, a
6. Among seamen, an instrument used in 2. Gross; coarse; easily perceived and de-| vagabond. It may be allied to Gr. panaog,
sewing canvas instead ofa thimble. tected ;as a palpable absurdity. vile, and to fail. Qu. Fr. piétre, a con-
PALM, v. t. p'am. To conceal in the palm of| Tillotson. tracted word.|
the hand. 3. Plain; obvious; easily perceptible ; as Ragged; mean; vile; worthless; despica-
They palmed the trick that lost the game alpable phenomena ; palpable proof. ble ; as a paltry boy; a paltry slave ; a pal-
Prior. ree ; Shakes Glanville. try trifle. Shak. Addison.
_ 2. To impose by fraud. PAL/PABLENESS, n. The quality of be- PA‘LY, a. [from pale.] Pale ; wanting col-
For you may palm upon us new for old. ing palpable ; plainness ; obviousness; or; used only in poetry. Shak. Gay.
Dryden. grossness. 2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four
3. To handle. Prior. PAL/PABLY, adv. In such a manner as to equal parts. Encyc.
4. To stroke with the hand. Ainsworth. be perceived by the touch. PAM, n. [supposed to be from palm, victo-
PALM-SUNDAY, n. p‘am-sunday. The Sun- 2. Grossly ; plainly ; obviously. ry.]| The knave of clubs. Pope.
day next before Easter ; so called in com- Clodius was acquitted by a corrupt jury that PAM’PER, v. t. [from It. pambere, bread and
memoration of our Savior’s triumphal en- had palpably taken shares of money. Bacon. drink; pamberato, pampered, well fed;
try into Jerusalem, when the multitude
PALPATION, n. [L. palpatio, from palpo, pane, bread, and bere, to drink, L. bibo.]
strewed palm branches in the way. to feel, to stroke, from the root of feel, and 1. 'To feed to the full; to glut; to saginate;
PALM-TREEF, n. p\am-tree. The date tree, Gr. waar, to shake. Probably the pri- to feed luxuriously ; as, to pamper the body
or Phenix Lactylifera, a native of Asia and mary sense is to beat or strike gently, or or the appetite. Spenser
 PAN PAN PAN
We are proud of a body fattening for worms PAN’DE€T, n. [L. pandecte, from Gr. PAN‘EGYRIZE, ». ¢. To praise highly ;to
and pampered for corruption and the grave. navdextns; may, all, and deyouat, to contain, write or pronounce an eulogy on.
Dwight. to take.] tel hi Ch. Obs.
2. To gratify to the full; to furnish with 1. A treatise which contains the whole of PAN/EGYRIZE, v. %. To bestow praises.
that which delights; as, to pamper the im- any science. Swift. ; Mitford.
agination. : 2. Pandects, in the plural, the digest or col- PAN’EGYRIZED, pp. Highly praised or
PAM’PERED, pp. Fed high; glutted or lection of civil or Roman law, made by) eulogized.
gratified to the full. order of the emperor Justinian, and con- PAN/EGYRIZING, ppr. Praising highly;
PAM’/PERING, ppr. Glutting ; feeding lux- taining 534 decisions or judgments of eulogizing.
uriously ; gratifying to the full. lawyers, to which the emperor gave the, PAN’EL, n. [Fr. panneau ; Sw. panna, pan ;
PAM’PERING, n. Luxuriancy. Fulke. force and authority of Jaw. This compi- pannela,to wainscot; Russ. panel, ceiling or
PAM/PHLET, nx. [Sp. papelon, from pa- lation consists of fifty books, forming the wainscot ; probably named from breadth,
pel, paper. The word signifies both a first part of the civil law. extension. }
pamphlet and a bill posted. Sp. papeleta, PANDEMT€, a. [Gr. av, all, and dzm0s,| 1. A square piece of board, or other piece
a slip of paper on which any thing is writ- people.] somewhat similar inserted between other
ten; papel volante, a small pamphlet. It Incident to a whole people; epidemic; as pieces; asthe panel ofa door.
has also been deduced from paunflet, pa- a pandemic disease. Harvey. Parr. Addison. Swift.
gina filata, a word said to have been used PAN’DER, n. [qu. It. pandere, to set abroad, 2. A piece of parchment or schedule, con-
by Caxton.] or Pandarus, in Chaucer. In Pers. taining the names of persons summoned
A small book consisting of a sheet of paper, ONiSIG \3) by the sheriff. Hence more generally,
or of sheets stitched together but not 5 $xi, bondar, is the keeper of a ware-|' 3. The whole jury.
bound.
PAM’PHLET, v. t. To write a pamphlet or house or granary, a forestaller who buys} IPAN'EL, v. t. To form with panels; as, to
pamphlets. Howell. and hoards goods to enhance the price; panel a wainscot. Pennant.
PAMPHLETEEF/R, n. A writer of pam- answering to L. mango. But the real ori- PA’NELESS, a. Without panes of glass.
phlets; a scribbler. Tatler.\, gin of the word is not obvious. | Shenstone.
PAN, mn ax. Sw. panna; G. pfanne; D. A pimp; a procurer; a male bawd; a mean PANG, n. [D. pynigen, G. peinigen, to tor-
pan ; W. id.) profligate wretch who caters for the lust ture, from pyn, pein, pain; Sax. pinan.
1. A vessel broad and somewhat hollow or of others. Dryden. Shak. See Pain.]
depressed in the middle, or with a raised PAN’DER, v. t. To pimp; to procure lewd Extreme pain; anguish; agony of body;
border ; used for setting milk and other women for others. Shak. particularly, a sudden paroxysm of ex-
domestic purposes. Dryden. PAN’DER, v.7. To act as agent for the lusts } treme pain, as in spasm, or childbirth.
2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire-arms of others. Is. xxi.
which holds the priming that communi- 2. To be subservient to lust or passion. I saw the hoary traitor,
cates with the charge. PAN’DERAGE, n. A procuring of sexual] Grin in the pangs of death, and bite the
3. Something hollow; as the brain pan. connection. Ch. Relig. Appeal. ground. Addison.
4. Among farmers, the hard stratum ofearth PAN‘DERISM, n. The employment or vi-| |\PANG, v.t. To torture; to give extreme
that lies below the soil; called the hard ces of a pander ; a pimping. Swift. pain to. Shak.
an. PAN’DERLY, a. Pimping; acting the pan- PAN’GOLIN, x. A species of Manis or
5. The top ofthe head. Chaucer. der. Shak. sealy lizard, found only in Hindoostan.
PAN, v.t. To join; to close together. [Lo- PANDI€ULA’TION, n. [L. pandiculor, to Encyc.
cal.} Bailey. yawn, to stretch.] PAN‘IE, n. [Sp. It. panico; Fr. panique ;
PANACE’A, n. [L. from Gr. novaxsca; nav, A yawning; astretching ; the tension of the Gr. navixos; W. pannu, to cause to sink,
all, and axeouat, to cure.] solids that accompanies yawning, or that) to depress or hollow, to cause a panic.
1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal restlessness and stretching that accompa- The primary sense is intransitive, to
medicine. Warton. nies the cold fit of an intermittent. shrink, or transitive, to cause to shrink;
2. An herb. Ainsworth. Encyc. Floyer. hence the fabled Pan, the frightful deity
PANA‘DA, [Fr. panade, from L. panis, PAN'DIT, In Hindoostan, a learned of the woods or shepherds.]
PANA’DO,§" Sp. pan, It. pane, bread.] PUN’DIT, :”- man. A sudden fright; particularly, a sudden
A kind of food made by boiling bread in PAN’DORE, {Gr. xavdoupa.] An in- fright without real cause, or terror in-
water to the consistence of pulp and sweet- PAN’DORAN, §”™ strument of music of spired by a trifling cause or misapprehen-
ened. Wiseman. the lute kind; a bandore. Drayton. sion of danger; as, the troops were seized
PAN‘€AKE, x. A thin cake fried ina pan. PANE, n. (Fr. pan, from extending, whence with a panic; they fled in a panic.
Some folks think it will never be good times, panneau, a panel; Arm. panell; Sp. en- PAN’T€, a. Extreme or sudden; applied to
till houses are tiled with pancakes. Franklin. trepano ;D. paneel.| A square of glass. fright ;as panic fear.
PANCH, n. [W. panu, to form a texture, 2. A piece of any thing in variegated works.
to full.] Donne. PAN‘I€, n. [L. panicum.] A plant and its
Among seamen, a thick and strong mat, to be PANEGYR TE, n. [Fr. panegyrique; It. Sp. grain, of the genus Panicum. The grain
fastened on yards to prevent friction. panegirico ; panegyricus, from the
or seed is like millet, and it is cultivated in
PANERAT‘IE, (Gr. xov, all, and! Gr. xavnyvpts, 2 public meeting or cele-
some parts of Europe for bread.
PANERAT'ICAL, ,* xparos, strength. ] bration ; 2s, xav, all, and ayvpes, an as- PAN‘I€-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus
Excelling in all gymnastic exercises ; very sembly. | Panicum.
strong or robust. Brown. 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of some PANICLE, n. [L. panicula, down upon
PAN/CREAS, n. [Gr. nay, all, and xpeas, distinguished person or achievment; a reeds, cat’s tail, allied to L. pannus, cloth;
flesh.| formal or elaborate encomium. W. pan, nap, down, the fulling of cloth;
A gland of the body situated between the Stillingfleet. panu, to cover with nap, to full or mill
bottom of the stomach and the vertebers 2. Anencomium; praise bestowed on some cloth, to beat, to bang. The primary
of the loins, reaching from the liver to the eminent person, action or virtue. sense is to drive, strike or press, hence to
spleen, and attached to the peritoneum. Dryden. full or make thick.]
it is two fingers in breadth, and six in PANEGYR’‘Ié, a. Containing praise or eu- In botany, a species of inflorescence, in
length, soft and supple. It secretes a kind logy ; encomiastic. which the flowers or fruits are scattered
of saliva and pours it into the duodenum.| PANEGY’RIS, xn. A festival; a public on peduncles variously subdivided, as in
J Quincy. Coxe.| meeting. Milton. oats and some ofthe grasses. The panicle
PANCREATIC, a. Pertaining to the pan-| PANEGYR/IST, n. One who bestows is of various kinds, as the dense or close,
creas; as pancreatic juice. Arbuthnot. praise; an eulogist; an encomiast, either the spiked, the squeezed, the spreading,
PANCY. [See Pansy. ] by writing or speaking. Camden. the diffused, the divaricating. Martyn.
 PAN PAN PA P
PAN‘I€LED, a. Furnished with panicles. PANTALOON’, x. [Fr. pantalon. Qu. W. |PANTOMETER, n. [Gr. xavra, all, and
Eaton. pannu, to involve, or panu, to cover, and), Metpew, tO Measure. |
PANI¢/ULATE, Having branches Fr. talon, the heel.] An instrument for measuring all sorts of
PANIGULATED, 62 variously subdivi- 1. A garment tor males in which breeches | elevations, angles and distances. Bailey.
ded; as a paniculatestem. and stockings are in a piece ; a species of| PANTOMET’RI€, Pertaining to a
9 Having the flowers in panicles; as a close long trowsers extending to the heels.) PANTOMET’RI€AL, :@ — pantometer;
paniculate inflorescence. Lee. 2. A character in the Italian comedy, and a), performed by a pantometer.
PAN'NADE, n. The curvet of a horse. buffoon in pantomimes; so called from PAN’TOMIME, xn. [L. pantomimus ; Gr.
[See Panic.] _ _Ainsworth. his close dress. Addison.|, daa mas, may, all, and mcuos, a mim-
PAN’/NAGE, 2. [from L. panis.] The food! P‘ANTER, n. One that pants. ic.
of swine in the woods; as beach nuts, PANT‘ER, x. [Ir. painter, a snare.| A net. 1. One that imitates all sorts of actions and
acorns, &c. called also pawns; also, the Chaucer. characters without speaking; one that
money taken by agistors for the mast of P‘ANTESS, n. [from pant.] The difficulty expresses his meaning by mute action.
the king’s forest. Cowel.| of breathing in a hawk. Ainsworth. The pantomimes of antiquity used to ex-
PAN’NEL, n. [W. panel, something plaited) PAN’THEISM, x. [Gr. xav, all, and 0s, press in gestures and action, whatever the
or matted; L. pannus, cloth.] A kind of} God, whence theism.] chorus sung, changing their countenance
rustic saddle. Tusser. The doctrine that the universe is God, or the and behavior as the subject of the song va-
2. The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth. | system oftheology in which it is maintain- ried. Encyce.
PANNELLA’TION, n. The act of impan- ed that the universe is the supreme God. '2. A scene or representation in dumb show.
neling a jury. [.Vot used.] Wood. Encye. Asiat. Res.|| 3. A species of musical entertainment.
PANNIER, n. pan'yer. (Fr. panier; It.) PANTHE/IST, n. One that believes the Busby.
paniera; Sp. panera, a pannier, and a universe to be God; a name given to the PAN’TOMIME, a. Representing only in
granary; from L. panis, bread.] followers of Spinosa. mute action. Smith.
A wicker basket; primarily, a bread-basket, The earliest Grecian pantheist of whom we PANTOMIM Te, Pertaining to the
but used for carrying fruit or other things read is Orpheus. Encye. PANTOMIM’‘I€AL, ;® pantomime; rep-
on a horse. Addison. PANTHEIS‘TI€, n, Pertaining to pan- resenting characters and actions by dumb
PAN’NIKEL, n. The brain pan or skull.) PANTHEIS’TICAL, § “ theism ; confound- show.
[Not in use.} Spenser. ing God with the universe. PAN’TON, en {qu. L. pando, to
PAN/OPLY, n. [Gr. xovonna; maw, all, and Enfield. Waterland. /PAN’/TON-SHOE, “ open. } A horse
onaa, arms. } PANTHEON, n. (Gr. xas, xay, all, and Geos, shoe contrived to recover a narrow and
Complete armor or defense. God.| hoof-bound heel. Far. Dict.
We had need to take the christian panoply, A temple or magnificent edifice at Rome, IPAN’TRY, n. [Fr. panetiére, a shepherd’s
to put on the whole armor of God. Ray. dedicated to all the gods. It is now con- scrip; L. panarium, from panis, bread.]
PANOR‘AMA, 2n. [Gr. xa, all, and opaxa, verted into a church. It was built or em- An apartment or closet in which provisions
view, from opac, to see.] bellished by Agrippa, son-in-law to Augus- are kept.
Complete or entire view ; a circular paint- tus, is of around or cylindrical form, with PAN’URGY, n. [Gr. xavovpya; av, all, and
ing having apparently no beginning or a spherical dome, and 144 feet in diameter. epyov, work.] Skill in all kinds of work or
end, from the center of which the specta- Encyc. business ; craft. Bailev.
tor may have a complete view of the ob- PAN’THER, n. [L. from Gr. mar6np. Qu. PAP, n. [L. papilla.) Anipple ofthe breast ;
jects presented. dnp, a wild beast.] Dryden.
PANSOPH'I€AL, a. [See Pansophy.| Pre- A fierce, ferocious quadruped of the genus D. pap ;
tending to have a knowledge of every; Felis, of the size of a large dog, with short
thing. Worthington.) hair, of a yellow color, diversified with 1. A soft food for infants, made with bread
PAN’SOPHY, n. [Gr. xov, all, and cogca,| roundish black spots. This animal is car- boiled or softened with water. Boyle.
wisdom.] Universal wisdom or knowl- nivorous, and will climb trees in pursuit of| 2. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.
edge. [Little used.) Hartlib.| small animals. It is a native of Africa.)
The name is also applied to other species PAP, v. t. To feed with pap.
PAN’SY, n. [Fr pensée, fancy or thought, PAP‘A, n. (L. Fr. papa; D. G.id.; Gr.
from penser, to think.] of the genus.
PAN’TILE, n. [qu. W. pantu, to dimple, nannas: It. Sp. papa, the pope: a word
A plant and flower of the genus Viola ; the used by the ancient Scythians, as also in
viola tricolor, or garden violet. | to sink in, to become hollow; pan, a the Syriac and Chaldaic.] Father; a
Fam. of Plants.) bowl, a pan; or Fr. pente, abending.] A
word with us used by children. Swift.
PANT, v. i. [Fr. panteler, probably from) gutter tile. But qu. pentile.
the root of W. panu, to beat. See Panicle.|| P\ANTING, ppr. [See Pant.| Palpitating ; PA‘PACY, n. [F'r. papauté ; It. papato ; from
and qu. G. mew. | I} breathing with a rapid succession of in- papa, the pope.]
1. To palpitate; to beat with preternatural) spirations and expirations ; longing. \l. The office and dignity of the pope or bish-
violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, PANTING, n. Palpitation ; rapid breath- op of Rome; popedom. Bacon.
or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or ing; longing. 2. Papal authority. Milner.
suspense. | P‘ANTINGLY, adv. With palpitation or |PA’PAL, a. [Fr. from pape, the pope.] Be-
Yet might her piteous heart be seen to pant) rapid breathing. | longing to the pope or pontiff of Rome;
and quake. Spenser. PANT’LER, n. [Fr. panetier, from pain, L. popish; as papal authority; the papal
2. To have the breast heaving, as in short panis, bread.] chair.
respiration or want of breath. The officer in a great family who has charge 2. Proceeding from the pope; as a papal li-
Pluto pants for breath from out his cell. of the bread. Shak. cense or indulgence; a papal edict.
Dryden.) PAN‘TOFLE, n. [Fr. pantoufle; It. panto- 3. Annexed to the bishopric of Rome.
3. To play with intermission or declining fola, a slipper; Sp. pantuflo; Sw. toffla, PA‘PALIN, n. A papist. [Vol used.]
strength. toffel, a slipper or sandal; Dan. téfel; Russ. Herbert.
The whispering breeze tufel.| A slipper for the foot.
Pants on the leaves and dies upon the trees. PAN’TOGRAPH, xn. [Gr. xorza, all, and
PAPAV'EROUS, a. [L. papavereus, from
‘ Pope. papaver, a poppy.]
ypape, to describe.]
4, To long; to desire ardently. A mathematical instrument so formed as to Resembling the poppy; of the nature or
Who pants for glory, finds but short repose. copy any sort of drawing or design. qualities of poppies. Brown.
Pope. | PANTOGRAPH'IE€, 2 Pertaining to PAPAW’, n. (Fr. papayer.j| The carica pa-
As the hart panteth after the water brooks, |HI PANTOGRAPHI€AL, § He a pantograph; paya, a tree growing in warm climates to
so panteth my soul after thee, O God. Ps. | performed by a pantograph. the highth of eighteen or twenty feet, with
xiii. PANTOG’/RAPHY, x. General description ; a soft herbaceous stem, naked nearly to
PANT, n. Palpitation ofthe heart. Shak.| view of an entire thing. the top, where the leaves issue on ever}
 PA PF PAR PAR
side on long foot-stalks. Between the PAPIL‘TO, n. [L.] A butterfly. In zoology, low par. Bills are at par, when they are
leaves grow the flower and the fruit, which a genus of insects of numerous species. sold at their nominal amount for coin or
is of the size of a melon. The juice is These insects are produced from the cater- its equivalent.
acrid and milky, but the fruit when boiled pillar. The chrysalis is the tomb of the 2. Equality in condition.
is eaten with meat, like other vegetables. caterpillar and the cradle of the butterfly. PAR’/ABLE, a. [L. parabilis.} Easily pro-
Encyc. Barbut. cured. [Not used. Brown.
2. The papaw of North America belongs to PAPILIONA’/CEOUS, a. Resembling the PAR’ABLE, n. [Fr. parabole, from L. par-
the genus Annona or custard apple. butterfly ;a term in botany, used to de-
scribe the corols of plants which have the abola; Gr. mapa6ory, from mnapoSarrw, to
PAPE, n. The pope. throw forward or against, to compare;
PA’PER, n. ae papier ; It. papiro; Port. shape of a butterfly, such as that of the
pea. The papilionaceous plants are of the mapa, to or against, and 6ar%, to throw;
Sp. papel; D. G. papier; W. papyr ; Gr. as in confero, collatum, to set together, or
nanvpos; L. papyrus, the name of an leguminous kind. Encyc. Quincy.
The papilionaceouscorol is usually four- one thing with another.]
Egyptian plant, from which was madea
kind of paper.] petaled, having an upper spreading petal, A fable or allegorical relation or representa-
called the banner, two side petals called tion of something real in life or nature,
. A substance formed into thin sheets on from which a moral is drawn for instruc-
which letters and figures are written or wings, and a lower petal called the keel.
Martyn. tion; such as the parable of the trees
printed. Paper is made of different mate choosing a king, Judges ix.; the parable
rials; but among us it is usually made o PAPILLARY, ? Pertaining to the pap or of the poor man and his lamb, 2 Sam. xii.;
linen or cotton rags. A fine paper is made PAP/ILLOUS, §“ nipple; resembling the the parable of the ten virgins, Matt. xxv.
of silk, particularly for bank-notes, which nipple ; covered with papils. Derham.
require to be very thin. PAPILLATE, v. i. To grow into a nipple. PAR’ABLE, v. t. To represent by fiction or
Fleming. fable. Milton.
2. A piece of paper. Locke.
3. A single sheet printed or written; as a PAP/ILLOSE, a. Nipply; cevered with PARAB/OLA, 2. [L. See Parable.] A conic
daily paper ; a weekly paper; a periodical fleshy dots or points; verrucose ; warty ; section arising from cutting a cone by a
paper ; referring to essays, journals, news- as a papillose leaf. Martyn. plane parallel to one of its sides, or paral-
papers, &c. Covered with soft tubercles, as the ice- Jel to a plane that touches one ofits sides.
4. Any written instrument, whether note, plant. Smith. Harris.
receipt, bill, invoice, bond, memorial, deed, PA‘PISM, n. [from Fr. pape, pope.| Popery.| PARABOLE, n. parab/oly. (See Parable.]
and the like. The papers lie on the speak- Bedell. Tn oratory, similitude ; comparison.
er’s table. PA’PIST, n. [Fr. papiste ; It. papista; from Encyc.
They brought a paper to me to be signed. Fr. pape, pope.} |\PARABOL ‘TE, Expressed by para-
Dryden A Roman catholic; one that adheres to the |PARABOL'ICAL, §™ ble or allegorical
5. A promissory note or notes or a bill o church of Rome and the authority of the) | representation; as parabolical instruction
exchange ; as negotiable paper. Kent. pope. Clarendon.) or description. Brown.
6. Hangings printed or stamped; paper for PAPIS'‘TIE€, Popish ; pertaining to) 2. [from parabola.] Having the form ofa
covering the walls of rooms. PAPIS'TICAL, §“ popery ; adherent to| parabola ; as a parabolic curve. — Cheyne.
PA/PER, a. Made of paper; consisting of| the church of Rome and its doctrines and| PARABOL'T€ALLY, adv. By way of para-
paper. ceremonies. Whitgifte. ble. Brown.
2. Thin; slight; as a paper wall. Burnet. PA’PISTRY, n. Popery; the doctrines and 2. In the form of a parabola.
PA’PER, v. t. To cover with paper ; to fur- ceremonies of the church of Rome. PARABOL’‘IFORM, a. Having the form of
nish with paper hangings; as, to paper a Ascham. Whitgifte. a parabola.
room or a house. PA’PIZED, a. Conformed to popery.
2. To register. [JVot used.] Shak. PARAB/OLISM, n. [from parabola.] In al-
Fuller. gebra, the division of the terms of an equa-
3. To fold or inclose in paper. PAP’POUS, a. [from L. pappus ; Gr. xazx0s.1
PAPER-€RED‘IT, xn. Evidences of debt; tion by a known quantity that is involved
Downy ; furnished with a pappus, as the or multiplied in the first term. Dict.
promissory notes, &c. passing current in seeds of certain plants, such as thistles, PARAB/OLOID, n. [Gr. xapasoan and erdos,
commercial transactions. dandelions, &c. Ray.
3. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, form.]
promising the payment of money. The PAP’PUS, n. [L. from Gr. zazos, an old In geometry, a paraboliform curve whose or-
revolution in N. America was carried on man or grandfather, hence a substance dinates are supposed to bein the subtripli-
by means of paper-credit. resembling gray hairs.] cate, subquadruplicate, &c. ratio of their
PA’/PER-FACED, a. Having a face as The soft downy substance that grows on the respective abscisse. Another species is
white as paper. Shak. seeds of certain plants, as on those ofthe when the parameter multiplied into the
PA/PER-KITE, n. A light frame covered thistle. Encyc. square of the abscisse, is equal to the
with paper for flying in the air like a kite. PAP’PY, a. [from pap.] Like pap; soft; cube of the ordinate. The curve is then
Warton. succulent. Burnet. called a semi-cubical paraboloid. Harris.
PA’/PER-MAKER, n. One that manufac- PAP‘ULA, n. [L.] Pimples; blisters; erup- A parabolic conoid. [See Conoid.] Encye.
tures paper. tions on the skin. PARACEL/SIAN, n. A physician who fol-
PA’/PER-MILL, n. A mill in which paper is PAP’ULOSE, a. Covered with vesicular lows the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss
manufactured. points or with little blisters; as a papulose physician of celebrity, who lived at the
PAPER-MONEY, n. Notes or bills issued by leaf. Martyn. close ofthe fifteenth century. Ferrand.
authority, and promising the payment of PATP’ULOUS, a. Full of pimples or pus- PARACEL’SIAN, a. Denoting the medical
money, circulated as the representative of| tules. practice of Paracelsus. Hakewill.
coin. We apply the word to notes or bills PAPY’RUS, n. [L.] An Egyptian plant, a PARACENTE'’SIS, A [Gr. xapaxerrnots;
issued by a state or by a banking corpora- kind of reed, of which the ancients made PARACEN’TESY, § ” napa, through,
tion; rarely or never to private notes or paper. and xsv7e, to pierce.]
bills of exchange, though the latter may PAR, n. [L. par, equal; W. par, that is up- The operation in surgery called tapping.
be included. on or contiguous, that is in continuity, a) ” Encye.
PA/PER-STAINER, n. One that stains, col- state of readiness or preparedness, a pair, |PARACEN’TRIE€, , [Gr. zapa, be-
ors or stamps paper for hangings. a fellow, Eng. peer. The word seems to} |PARACEN’TRICAL, a: yond, and xs»-
PAPES’CENT, a. [from pap.| Containing be formed on the root of L. paro, and the tpov, center. |
pap; having the qualities of pap. Shemitic x53, and the primary sense, to} Deviating from circularity. Cheyne.
Arbuthnot. extend or reach.] PARACH’/RONISM, n. [Gr. xapa, beyond,
PA'PESS, n. A female pope. Hall. I State of equality ;equal value; equiva-| and xpovos, time. ]
PAP’IL,n. [L. papilla.) A small pap or nip- lence without discount or premium, Bills An error in chronology; a mistake in regard
. |
ple. of exchange are at par, above par, or be-! | to the true date of an event. Encyc.
 PAR PAR PAR
PARACHUTE, n. [Gr. xapo, against, and PARADIS’EAN, Pertaining to Eden PARAGRAPH Té€, a. Consisting of para-
Fr. chute, a fall.] PARADISI’ACAL, a ‘or Paradise, or toa raphs or short divisions, with breaks.
In aerostation, an instrument to prevent the place of felicity. PARAGRAPH’IGALLY, adv. By para-
rapidity of descent. 2. Suiting paradise ; like paradise. graphs ; with distinct breaks or divisions.
PAR/A€CLETE, n. [Gr. xapaxdntos, from PAR/ADOX, n. [Fr. paradore ; {t. paradosso ; PARALEP’SIS, (Gr. maporenjes, omis-
Mapaxarea; mapa, to, and xaase, to call.] Gr. xapadogia ; apa, beyond, and doga, PAR/ALEPSY, bn. sion ; zapa, beyond or
Properly, an advocate ; one called to aid or opinion ; doxea, to think or suppose.) by, and acca, to leave.]
support ; hence, the consoler, comforter A tenet or proposition contrary to received In rhetoric, a pretended or apparent omis-
or intercessor, a term applied to the Holy opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet true in sion ; a figure by which a speaker pre-
Spirit. Pearson. Bale. fact. tends to pass by what at the same time he
PARA’DE, n. [Fr. parade, parade, and a A gloss there is to color that paradox, and really mentions. Encye.
parrying; It. parata; Sp. parada, a stop make it appear in show not to be altogether un- PARALIPOMENA, n. [Gr. xaparetw, to
reasonable. Hooker.
or stopping, halt, end of a course, a fold omit; ~apa, beyond, and accra, to leave.]
for cattle,a relay of horses, a dam or bank, PARADOXTCAL, a. Having the nature of] Things omitted ; a supplement containing
a stake, bet or wager, a parade. This is a paradox. Brown. Norris. things omitted in the preceding work.
from the root of L. paro, Sp. parar, to pre- 2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to The books of Chronicles are so called.
pare.] received opinions; applied to persons. " Encye. Bailey.
1. In military affairs, the place where troops \PARADON'I€ALLY, adv. In a paradox- PAR’ALIZE, v. t. (Gr. raparve, raparvors.]
assemble for exercise, mounting guard or ical manner, or in a manner seemingly ab- To affect as with palsy; to check action,
other purpose. Encyc. surd. Collier. or destroy the power ofaction.
2, Show; ostentation; display. PARADON'ICALNESS, n. State of being PARALLA€’TIE€, {See Parallar.}
Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. paradoxical. PARALLA€’TI€AL, ;“ Pertaining to the
Swift. PARADOXOL/OGY, n. [parador and Gr.
parallax of a heavenly body.
3. Pompous proeession. aoyos, discourse. }
The rites performed, the parson paid, (The use of paradoxes. [Volt used.] PAR’/ALLAX, n. [Gr. waparragis, from map-
In state return’d the grand parade. — Swift. Brown. arracow, to vary, to decline or wander;
4. Military order; array ; as warlike pa- PARAGOGE, x. par/agojy. (Gr. napaywyy,| zapa, beyond, and aaaagsa, to change.|
rade. Milton. a drawing out; zapa and aye.] In astronomy, the change of place in a heay-
5. State of preparation or defense. —_Locke. The addition of a letter or syllable to the enly body in consequence of being viewed
6. The action of parrying a thrust. [Fr.] eud of aword; as dicier for dict. This is from different points.
Encye. called a figure in grammar. Encye. Diurnal parallax, the difference between the
PARA/DE, v. t. To assemble and array or PARAGOG TE, Pertaining to a par-| place of a celestial body, as seen from the
marshal in military order. The general PARAGOG'I€AL, * agoge ; lengthening surface, and from the center of the earth,
gave orders to parade the troops. ‘The a word by the addition of a letter or syl- at the same instant.
troops were paraded at the usual hour. lable. Parkhurst. Milton. Annual parallax, the change of place in a
2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious PAR/AGON, n. [Fr. parangon, comparison,| heavenly body, in consequence of being
manner. viewed at opposite extremities of the
a pattern; It. paragone, from paraggio,| earth’s orbit.
PARADE, v. 7. To assemble and be mar- comparison ; Sp. paragon, model; from L.
shaled in military order. PAR/ALLEL, a. [Gr. xapananros; capa,
par, equal.}
2. To go about in military procession. against or opposite, and aaayrwr, one the
Scot. 1. A model or pattern; a model by way of, other.]
distinction, implying superior excellence 1. In geometry, extended in the same direc-
3. To walk about for show. or perfection ; as a paragon of beauty or
PARA‘DED, pp. Assembled and arrayed. eloquence.
tion, and in all parts equally distant. One
PARADIGM, n. par/adim. [Gr. xapadsryua; body or line is parallel to another, when
napa and devyua, example, from decxrvuc, to
2. Acompanion ; a fellow. Obs. Spenser. the surfaces of the bodies or the lines are
show.]
3. Emulation; a match for trial. Obs. at an equal distance throughout the whole
Spenser. length.
An example; a model. In grammar, an ex- PAR’/AGON, v. t. [Sp. paragonar ; It. para-
ample of a verb conjugated in the several) 2. Having the same direction or tendency;
gonure, to compare, to equal; Fr. paran-
modes, tenses and persons. running in accordance with something.
gonner. |
PARADIGMAT IE, Exemplary. When honor runs parallel with the laws of
PARADIGMAT‘ICAL, [Little used.] = . ToThecompare ; to parallel.
picture of Pamela, in little form, he God and our country, it cannot be too much
More. wore in a tablet, purposing to paragon the lit-) cherished. Addison.
PARADIG’MATIZE, v. t. To set forth as tle one with Artesia’s length. [Little used.] Continuing a resemblance through many
a model or example. [Lutile used.] Sidney.) particulars ; like; similar; equal in all
Hammond. 2. To equal. [Little used.] Shak.) essential parts ;as a parallel case ; a par-
PARA'DING, ppr. Assembling and array-|| |IPAR/AGON, v. i. To pretend comparison allel passage in the evangelists. Watts.
ing in due order; making an ostentatious, | or equality. [Little used.] Scott.) PAR’ALLEL, n. A line which throughout
show. its Whole extent is equidistant from an-
PAR/ADISE, n. [Gr. rapadeccos.] The gar- PAR/AGRAM, n. [Gr. xapaypauuo.] A play,
upon words or a pun. Addison. other line ; as parallels oflatitude.
den of Eden, in which Adam and Eve Who made the spider parallels design,
were placed immediately after their crea- PARAGRAM’MATIST, n. A punster. Sure as De Moivre without rule or line ?
tion. Encye. Milton. Addison. Pope.
2. A place of bliss; a region of supreme fe- |PAR/AGRAPH, n. [It. paragrafo ; Fr. para- 2. A line on the globe marking the latitude.
licity or delight. graphe ; Gr. xapaypapy. a marginal note; 3. Direction conformable to that of another
The earth mapaypape, to write near or beyond the line. Garth.
Shall all be paradise— Milton. text; vapa, beyond, and ypapa, to write. ] 4. Conformity continued through many par-
3. Heaven, the blissful seat of sanctified A distinct part of a discourse or writing; ticulars or in all essential points; resem-
souls after death. any portion or section of a writing or blance; likeness.
This day shalt thou be with me in paradise. chapter which relates to a_ particular ’Twixt earthly females and the moon,
Luke xxiii. point, whether consisting of one sentence All parallels exactly run. Swift.
4. Primarily, in Persia, a pleasure-garden or many sentences. A paragraph is some-
times marked thus, {. But more gene- . Comparison made ; as, to draw a parallel
on
with parks and other appendages. between two characters. Addison.
Mitford. rally, a paragraph is distinguished only by . Any thing equal to or resembling another
PARADIS’EA, n. Bird of Paradise, a genus) a break in the composition or lines.
in all essential particulars.
of fowls, natives of the isles in the East PAR/AGRAPH, v. t. To form or write par- None but thyself can be thy parallel.
Indies and of New Guinea. Encye. agraphs. Pope.
Vol. I. 30
 PAR PAR PAR
PAR‘ALLEL, v. t. To place so as to keep PARAMETER, n. [from Gr. xapoperpeo.] PAR’/APHRASE, v. t. To explain, inter-
the same direction, and at an equal dis- 1. The latus rectum of a parabola. It is al pret or translate with latitude ; to unfold
tance from something else. Brown. third proportional to the abscissa and any the sense of an author with more clear-
2. To level; to equal. Fell. Shak. ordinate, so that the square of the or- ness and particularity than it is expressed
3. To correspond to. Burnet. dinate is always equal to the rectangle un- in his own words.
4. To be equal to ; to resemble in all essen- der the parameter and abscissa; but in the PAR/APHRASE, v. 7. To interpret or ex-
tial points. Dryden. ellipsis and hyperbolait has a differeut || plain amply ; to make a paraphrase.
5. To compare. Locke. proportion. Harris. | Where translation is impracticable, they may
PAR/ALLELABLE, a. That may be equal- 2. In conic sections, a third proportioval to) paraphrase. Felton.
ed. [.Vot much used.] Hall. any diameter and its conjugate. In the PAR’APHRASED, pp. Amply explained
PAR/ALLELISM, n. State of being paral- parabola, a third proportional to any ab-|| or translated.
lel. More. sciss and its ordinate. PAR’/APHRASING, ppr. Explaining or
2, Resemblance ; equality ofstate ;compar- PAR‘AMOUNT, a. [Norm. peramont ; per) translating amply and freely.
ison. Warton. and mount, amont or monter, to ascend.) PAR/APHRAST, n. [Gr. xapappasys.] One
1. Superior to all others; possessing the | that paraphrases; one that explains or
PAR’/ALLELLY, adv. In a parallel man- highest title or jurisdiction ; as lord para- | translates in words more ample and clear
ner; with parallelism. Scott. mount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, | than the words of the author. Hooker.
PARALLEL/OGRAM, n. [Gr. xaparanros tenements and hereditaments. In Eng-
and ypayuea. | PARAPHRAS’TIE€, Free, clear and
land, the king is lord paramount, of whom
1. In geometry, a right lined quadrilateral PARAPHRAS’TICAL, g* ample in expla-
all the land in the kingdom is supposed to}, | nation; explaining or translating in words
figure, whose opposite sides are parallel be held. But in some cases the lord of| more clear and ample than those of the
and equal. Harris. several manors is called the lord para-
2. In common use, this word is applied to author ; not verbal or literal.
mount. Blackstone.
quadrilateral figures of more length than 2. Eminent; of the highest order. Bacon. |PARAPHRAS’TIC€ALLY, adv. In a para-
breadth, and this is its sense in the pas- 3. Superior to all others; as, private inter- phrastic manner. Howell.
sage cited by Johnson from Brown. est is usually paramount to all other con- PARAPHREN'ITIS, n. [Gr. xapa and
PARALLELOGRAM 'I€, 2 siderations. ppeveres, delirium. |
Having
PARALLELOGRAM‘IGAL, §™ PAR/AMOUNT, n. The chief; the highest \An inflammation of the diaphragm.
the properties of a parallelogram. in rank or order. Milton. Arbuthnot.
PARALLELOPIP’ED, n. [parallel and Gr. PAR/AMOUR, n. [Fr. par, L. per, and PAR/APLEGY, n. [Gr. xapa, beyond, and
emu, on, and aedor, a plain.]} amour ; Norm. paraimer, to love affection- myn, Stroke ; Aco, to smite.}
In geometry, a regular solid comprehended ately.] That kind of palsy which affects the lower
under six parallelograms, the opposite 1. A lover; a wooer. Milton. | part of the body. Good.
ones of which are similar, parallel and 2. A mistress. Shak. PARAQUETY’, n. Alittle parrot. Shak.
equal to each other, or it is a prism whose PARANTHINE. [See Scapolite.] IPAR/ASANG, n. A Persian measure of
base is a parallelogram. It is always PAR/ANYMPH, n. [Gr. xapa, by, and »yupy,|| | length, which Herodotus states to be thir-
triple to a pyramid of the same base and a bride or spouse.} | ty stadia, nearly four English miles; but
highth. Or a parallelopiped is a solid fig- 1. A brideman: one who leads the bride to | in different times and places, it has been
ure bounded by six faces, parallel to each her marriage. Milton.) | 30,40 or 50 stadia.
other two and two. Harris. Encye. 2. One who countenances and supports an-|, Herod. Euterp. Encyc.
PARALLELOPIPE’DIA, ». A genus o other. Taylor. PARASCEUAS’TIE€, a. Preparatory.
spars, externally of a determinate and reg- PARAPEGM, n. par/apem. [Gr. mapanyyya. | eee eae n. [Gr. xapaoxevn, prepara-
ular figure, always found loose and sep- A brazen table fixed to a pillar, on which tion.
arate from other bodies, and in the form laws and proclamations were anciently Preparation ; the sabbath-eve of the Jews.
of an oblique parallelopiped, with six par- engraved ; also, a table set in a public Todd.
allelogramic sides and eight solid angles. place, containing an account of the rising PARASELE’NE, n. (Gr. xapa, about or
Encye. and setting of the stars, eclipses, seasons, near, and onaqr, the moon.]}
PARAL ’‘OGISM, n. [Gr. xaparoycopos ;xapa, &c. Phillips. ‘A mock moon; a luminous ring or circle
beyond, and Aocyiouos, reasoning ; Aoyos, PAR’APET, n. [Fr.; Sp. parapeto ; It. parapet- encompassing the moon, in which some-
discourse, reason. | to ; para, for, and petto, breast, L. pectus. | times are other bright spots bearing some
In logic, a fallacious argument or false rea- Literally, a wall or rampart to the breast or resemblance to the moon. Encye.
soning; an error committed in demon- breast high ; but in practice, a wall, ram- |PAR/ASITE, n. [Fr. parasite ; It. parassito;
stration, when a consequence is drawn part or elevation of earth for covering sol- Sp. parasito ; L. parasita ; from Gr. xapa-
from principles which are false, or though diers irom an enemy’s shot. Encyc. curos; apa, by, and aros, corn.
true, are not proved; or when a proposi- PARAPHER’NA, 2 (Gr. xapapepva; 1. In ancient Greece, a priest or minister of
tion is passed over that should have been PARAPHERNA‘LIA, §" xapa, beyond, the gods whose office was to gather of
proved by the way. Encye. and gepyy, dower. | the husbandman the corn allotted for pub-
PARAL/OGIZE, v. 7. To reason falsely. The goods which a wife brings with her at lic sacrifices. The public store-house in
Ash. her marriage. or which she possesses be- which this corn was deposited was called
PARAL/OGY, n. False reasoning. [supra.] yond her dower or jointure, and which mapacitov. ‘The parasites also superin-
Brown. remain at her disposal after her husband’s tended the sacrifices. Potter's Antiq.
PARAL/YSIS, n. [Gr. xaparvors, from death. Such are her apparel and her or- 2. In modern usage, a trencher friend; one
muparve, to loosen, dissolve or weaken; naments, over which the executors have that frequents the tables of the rich and
zapa and Ave.] no control, unless when the assets are in- earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger
Palsy; the loss of the power of muscular sufficient to pay the debts. Blackstone. on; a fawning flatterer.
motion, or of the command of the mus- PAR’/APHRASE, n. sasz. [Gr. rapappaces; Milton. Dryden.
cles. le
nopa, beyond, and ppaccs, phrase. | In botany, a plant growing on the stem
PARALYT‘IE, ? =Affected with palsy; An explanation of some text or passage ina or branch of another plant and receiving
PARALYT ICAL, § “ deprived of the pow- book, in a more clear and ample manner its nourishment from it, as the misletoe.
er of muscular motion ; sometimes, weak ; than is expressed in the words of the au- Encye.
trembling ; subject to an involuntary thor. Such as the paraphrase of the New j|PARASIT'I€, Flattering ; wheed-
shaking ; as a paralytic arm. Testament by Erasmus. PARASITICAL, §“ ling ; fawning for
2. Inclined or tending to palsy. In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, bread or favors.
PARALYT'I€, n. A person affected with the authors words are not so strictly followed |2. Growing on the stem or branch of anoth-
palsy. Hall. as his sense. Dryden. er plant ; as a parasitic plant.
 PAR. PAR PAR
PARASITICALLY, adv. In a flattering or sons. It differs from joint-tenancy, which of the English for in forgive, and re in L,
wheedling manner; by dependence on is created by deed or devise ; whereas par- remitto, properly to give back or away.|
another. cenary, or cO-parcenary, is created by the l. To forgive ; to remit; as an offense or
PAR/ASITISM, n. The behavior or man- descent of lands from an ancestor. crime. Guilt implies a being bound or
ners of a parasite. Milton. Blackstone. subjected to censure, penalty or punish-
PARASOL, n. [Fr. Sp.; It. parasole ;Gr. P‘ARCENER, n. [Scot. parsenere; Norm. ment. To pardon, is to give up this obliga-
napa, against, or It. parare, to parry, and L. parconnier ;trom part, L. pars.] tion, and release the offender. We apply
soi, K'r. soleil, It. sole, the sun.] Parcener or co-parcener is a co-heir, or one the word to the crime or to the person.
A small umbrella used by ladies to defend who holds lands by descent from an an- We pardon an offense, when we remove it
themselves trom rain, or their faces from) cestor in common with another or with from the offender and consider him as not
the sun’s rays. others; as when land deseends to a man’s guilty ;we pardon the offender, when we
PAR/AT, nz. A fish of the mullet kind, found daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their release or absolve him from his liability to
in Brazil. representatives. In this case, all the suffer punishment.
PARATH’ESIS, n. (Gr. xapadecrs ; mapa, heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs. I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 Sam. xv.
aud eats.| Blackstone. . To remit, as a penalty.
In grammar, apposition, or the placing of) P‘ARCH, v. t. [I know not from what I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
two or more nouns in the same case. source we have received this word. It Shak
Jones. corresponds in eletnents with the Italian} To excuse, as for a fault. Dryden.
PARAVA'IL, a. [Norm. par, by, and availe,| bruciare, to burn or roast. Qu. L. peraresco.|| . Pardon me, is a phrase used when one
rofit.] 1. To burn the surface ofa thing ; to scorch; asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and
a eudal law, the tenant paravail, is the low-| as, to parch the skin; to parch corn. it is often used in this sense, when a per-
est tenant holding under a mean or medi- 2. To dry to extremity; as, the heat of the son means civilly to deny or contradict
ate lord, as distinguished from a tenant! sun’s rays parches the ground; the mouth what another aflirms,
in capite, who holds immediately of the) is parched with thirst. Milton. Dryden. P‘ARDON, n. Forgiveness; the release of
king. Blackstone. (P‘ARCH, v. i. To be scorched or superfi- an offense or of the obligation of the of-
PAR’AVANT, d [Fr. par and avant,| fender to suffer a penalty, or to bear the
cially burnt; as, corn will dry and parch
PAR/AVAUNT, ,#4. Hefore.| In front 3) into barley. displeasure of the offended party. We
Mortimer.
publicly. [.Wot English nor used.] 2. To become very dry.
seek the pardon of sins, transgressions
Spenser. |P‘ARCHED, pp. Scorched; dried to ex- and offenses.
P‘ARBOIL, v. t. [Fr. parbouillir. Bouillir) 2. Remission ofa penalty. An amnesty is a
tremity.
is to boil, and in Arm. porbollen is a pus-) P‘ARCHEDNESS, n. The state of being general pardon.
tule or little push.] 3. Forgiveness received. South.
scorched or dried to extremity.
1. To boil in part; to boil in a moderate! P‘ARCHING, ppr. Scorching ; drying to ex- P‘ARDONABLE, a. That may be pardon-
degree. tremity.
ed; applied to persons. he offender is
2. To cause little pustules or pushes on the) 2. a. Having the quality of burning or dry- pardonable.
skin by means of heat; as parboiled 2. Venial; excusable; that may be forgiven,
ing; as the parching heat of African
wretches. Donne. sands.
overlooked or passed by ; applied to
P‘ARBREAK, v. i. [See Break.] To vomit! P‘ARCHMENT, things ; as a pardonable offense.
xn. [Fr. parchemin; It.
Obs. Skelton. P‘ARDONABLENESS, n. The quality of
pargameno ; Sp. pargamino ; Arm. parich
P‘ARBUCKLE, n. Among seamen, a rope being pardonable; venialness; suscepti-
or parichemin ; D. parkement ; G. perga- bility of forgiveness; as the pardonableness
like a pair of slings for hoisting casks, &e. ment; L. pergamena: supposed to be from
PARCEL, n. (Fr. parcelle, contracted prob-| of'sin. Hall.
Pergamus, to whose king Eumenes, the
ably trom L. particula, particle, from pars, P‘ARDONABLY, adv. In a manner admit-
invention has been ascribed. This is ling of pardon; venially ; excusably.
part.] probably a mere conjecture, originating
1. A part; a portion of any thing taken sep- in a resemblance of orthography; such P‘ARDONED, pp. Forgiven; excused. Dryden.
arately. conjectures being very common. In
The same experiments succeed on two P‘ARDONER, n. One that forgives ; one
Spanish, parche is parchment, and a piece
parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot. that absolves an offender.
of linen covered with ointment or plaster.
2. A quantity ; any mass. Newton. 2. One that sells the pope’s indulgences.
It-is more probable that the first syllable
3. A part belonging to a whole; as in law, Cowell.
is from some root that signifies to cleanse,| P‘ARDONING, ppr. Forgiving; remitting
one piece of ground is part and parcel of a purify or make clear, perhaps the root of
greater piece. an offense or crime; absolving from pun-
L. purgo, or the oriental ps2 or 37). See
4. A small bundle or package of goods. ishment.
Membrane. See Class Br. No. 9.and Class
5. A number of persons ; in contempt. PARE, v. t. [Fr. parer; Arm. para, to dress,
Brg. No. 4. 5.]
Shak.|| The skin of a sheep or goat dressed or to trim, to parry or ward off, to stop; Sp.
6. A number or quantity; in contempt; as al prepared and rendered fit for writing on. Port. parar, to parry, to stop, to prepare ;
parcel of fair words. L Estrange.. Port. aparar, to pare, and to parry ;L. paro;
This is done by separating all the flesh W. par, a state of readiness, also a pair ; pa-
P‘ARCEL, v.t. To divide into parts or por- and hair, rubbing the skin with pumice
tions ; as, to parcel an estate among heirs. ra,to continue, to persevere, to last, to en-
stone, and reducing its thickness with a
These ghostly kings would parcel out my dure ; Fr. parer des cuirs, to dress or curry
sharp instrument. Vellum is made of the
power. Dryden.
skins of abortive or very young calves. lether ;parer le pied d’un cheval, to pare a
2. Tomake upintoa mass. [Little used.] 2
nye. horse’s foot or hoof; Pers. OX2y7z PO-
Shak.
To parcel a seam, in seamen’s language, to P‘ARCHMENT-MAKER, x2. One who
lay canvas over it and daub it with piteh. dresses skins for parchment. ridan, to pare or cut off; [qu. Gr. zinp0s,
Mar. Dict. P‘ARD, n. [L. pardus; Gr. napdos ; Syr.
eee

P‘ARCELED, pp. Divided into portions. | bardona. The word signifies spotted, from lame ; ~7pow, to mutilate ;] Ar. ye to be
P‘ARCELING, ppr. Dividing into portions. 393 to hail, properly to scatter or sprinkle, free, to free, liberate or absolve, to dis-
PARCELING, n. Among seamen, long! as with hail.] miss, to remit, to create; Heb. Ch. Syr.
narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar, The leopard; or in poetry, any spotted
Sam. N02 to create; Heb. Ch. id. to cut
and bound about a rope like a bandage, beast. Instead of pard, we generally use off. The primary sense is to thrust or
before itis sewed. It is used also to raise! leopard, the lion-pard. Pardale, from the drive, hence to drive off, to separate, to
a mouse on the stays, &c. Mar. Dict.) Latin pardalis, is not used.
stop by setting or repelling, as in parry, or
P‘ARCENARY, n. (Norm. parcenier.| Co-| P‘ARDON, v. t. [Fr. pardonner ; It. perdo- to drive off or out, as in separating or
heirship ; the bolding or occupation of) nare; Sp. perdonar ; Port. perdoar ; L. producing. In Portuguese and Welsh,
lands of inheritance by two or more per-| per and dono, to give ; per having the sense it has the sense of stretching, extending,
 PAR PAR PAR
and the Welsh unites par, equal, a pair, 2. That which produces; cause ; source. PA’/RIAL, Three ofa sort in cer-
with the root of this word; par, a pair, Idleness is the parent of vice. ; PAIR-ROYAL, :™ tain games ofcards.
what is continued to or contiguous. See Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Butler-
72 and "93. Class Br. No. 6. 7.8. and 10.] Channing. PA/RIAN, a. Pertaining to Paros, an isle
1. To cut off, as the superficial substance or PAR’ENTAGE, n. [Fr.] Extraction; birth; in the Egean sea ; as Parian marble.
extremities of a thing; to shave off with condition with respect to the rank of pa- Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the city of
a sharp instrument; as, to pare an apple rents ;aS a man of mean parentage ; a Athens, engraven on marble in capital let-
or an orange; to pare the nails ; to pare gentleman of noble parentage. Shak. ters in the isle of Paros. It contains a
a horse’s hoof; to pare land in agricul- PARENT‘AL, a. [It. parentale.] Pertaining chronological account of events from Ce-
ture. to parents ; as parental government. crops, 1582 years before Christ, to the ar-
2. To diminish by little and little. 2. Becoming parents; tender ; affectionate ; chonship of Diognetus, 264 years before
The king began to pare a little the privilege as parental care or solicitude. that era; but the chronicle of the last 90
of clergy. Bacon. PARENTA’TION, n. [from L. parento.]} years is lost. This marble was procured
When pare is followed by the thing dimin- Something done or said in honor of the from Asia Minor in 1627, by the earl of
ished, the noun is in the objective case ; dead. Potter. Johnson. Arundel, and being broken, the pieces are
as, to pare the nails. When the thing sep- PAREN’THESIS, n. [Gr. maperOsors ; napa called Arundelian marbles. They are now
arated is the object, pare is followed by and evreOnuc, to insert. } deposited in the university of Oxford.
off or away; as, to pare off the rind of fruit; A sentence, or certain words inserted in a The antiquity of the inscription has been
to pare away redundances. sentence, which interrupt the sense or disputed. Cyc. Encyc.
PA’RED, pp. Freed from any thing super- natural connection of words, but serve to PARIE’TAL, a. [from L. partes, a wall,
fluous on the surface or at the extremi- explain or qualify the sense of the prin- properly a partition wall, from the root of
ties. cipal sentence. ‘The parenthesis is usual- part or pare.| Pertaining to a wall.
PAREGOR'I€, a. [Gr. aapnyopixos, from ly included in hooks or curved lines, 2. The parietal bones form the sides and
Aapnyopew, to mitigate. | thus, (). upper part of the skull. They are so call-
Mitigating ; assuaging pain; as paregoric These officers, whom they still call bishops, ed because they defend the brain like
elixir. are to be elected to a provision comparatively walls. Parr.
PAREGOR'I¢, x. A medicine that miti- mean, through the same arts, (that is, election- PARIVETARY, n. [Fr. parietaire, from L.
gates pain; an anodyne. Encyc. eering arts,) by men of all religious tenets that paries, a wall.)
PAREL’€ON, n. [Gr. aapeaxwo, to draw are known or can be invented. Burke. A plant, the pellitory of the wall, of the ge-
out.] Do not suffer every occasional thought to pus Parietaria.
In grammar, the addition of a word or sylla- carry you away into a long parenthesis. PAR’‘TETINE, n. [L. paries, wall.] A piece
ble to the end of another. Encyce. Watts.| of a wall. [.Vot used.] Burton.
|PARENTHET'IE, ,- Pertaining to a} PA’/RING, ppr. Cutting or shaving off the
PAREMBOLE, n. parem/boly. (Gr. mapeq- PARENTHET‘ICAL, § “ parenthesis; ex-
602m, insertion. ] extremities.
pressed in a parenthesis. Hales.
In rhetoric, the insertion of something relat- |2. Using parentheses. PA/RING, n. That which is pared off; rind
ing to the subject in the middle of a peri-) |PARENT’ICIDE, n. [L. parens and cedo.]) separated from fruit ; a piece clipped off.
od. It differs from the parenthesis only in, One who kills a parent. Bailey.| Mortimer. Pope.
this; the parembole relates to the subject, PA/RENTLESS, a. Deprived of parents. 2. The act or practice of cutting off the sur-
the parenthesis is foreign from it. PA/RER, x. [from pare.| He or that which face of grass land, fortillage.
Encyc. Vossius. pares; an instrument for paring. PAR’IS, n. A plant, herb Paris or true-love,
PAREN’CHY MA, n. [Gr. xapeyzvua, from Tusser. or rather a genus of plants of one species.
mapeyzve, to suffuse.| PAR’ERGY, n. [Gr. xapa, beyond, and epyor, Encyc.
1. In anatomy, the solid and interior part of work. ] PARISH, n. [Fr. paroisse ; It. parrocchia;
the viscera, or the substance contained in Something unimportant, or done by the by. Sp. parroquia ;Arm. parres ; Lr. parraiste;
the interstices between the blood vessels; [Mot used. Brown. usually deduced trom the Low L. paro-
of the viscera; a spungy substance. P‘ARGASITE, n. [from the isle Pargas, in chia, Gr. xapovxca, a dwelling or near res-
Coxe. Encye. Finland.] idence ; mapa, near, and oxos, house. or
Parenchyma is the substance or basis of A mineral of a grayish or bluish green, in ovxew, to dwell; or more probably from
the glands. Cyc. rounded grains, with a dull, dun surface, the Greek xapoxy, a salary or largess, an
2. In botany, the pith or pulp ofplants. rarely bright; or in erystals in carbonate allowance for support. from xapexa, to af-
Encyc.| of lime, in little plates mixed with lamel- ford, yield or supply, whence L. parocha,
PARENCHYM’ATOUS, See the lar mica; a variety of actinolite. Dict. entertainment given to embassadors at
PAREN’€HY MOUS, : oun.] P‘ARGET, xn. [Sp. parche, a plaster ;empar- the public expense; whence It. parrocchit.
Pertaining to parenchyma ; spungy ; soft; char, to plaster. Qu.] Gypsum or plaster If parish is to be deduced from either of
porous. Grew. Cheyne. stone. Encye. these sources, it is probably from the
PAREN’ESIS, x. (Gr. napaweors 5rapawer, 2. Plaster laid on roofs or walls. Spenser. latter, and parish is equivalent to bene-
to exhort.] 3. Paint. Drayton. fice, living, as prebend, from L. prebeo.
Persuasion ; exhortation. [Little used.} |
Parget is applied to the several kinds of gyp- Iu German, pfarre signifies a benefice or
Dict. sum, which wien slightly calcined, is call- parish; pfarrer or pfarrherr, a parson, the
PARENET'IE€, a Hortatory ; encour- ed plaster of Paris, and is used in casting lord of a living or parish, and this is evi-
PARENET ICAL, “aging. Potter. statues, in stucco for floors, cielings, &c. dently from the same root as parson. I
PA/RENT, n. [L. parens, from pario, to pro-| Cye. know not the origin of pfarre, but it coin-
duce or bring forth. The regular participle} PAR'GET, »v. t. To plaster walls. cides in elements with the W. pori, to
ofpario is partens, and parens is the regular 2. To paint ; to cover with paint. graze, Corn. peurt, L. voro, Gr. GBopa.
participle of parco, to appear. But both} B. Jonson. The lialian and Spanish words are un-
verbs probably belong to one family ;Eth.| P‘ARGETED, pp. Plastered ; stuccoed. doubtedly from the Latin and Greek, and
P‘ARGETER, n. A plasterer. the French paroisse may be from the same
4.2P fari or feri, to bear. Class Br. No. P‘ARGETING, ppr. Plastering ; as a noun,| source. |
35. Heb. ma farah, id. No. 33.] jlaster or stucco. — . The precinct or territorial jurisdiction of
4. A father or mother; he or she that pro- | PARHE’LION, n. (Gr. mapa, near, and| a secular priest, or the precinct, the in-
duces young. The duties of parents to || jros, the sun.] habitants of which belong to the same
their children are to maintain, protect and A mock sun or meteor, appearing in the ehureh.
educate them. form of a bright light near the sun; some-| 2 . Insome of the American states, parish is
When parents are wanting in authority, chil- times tinged with colors like the rainbow,| an ecclesiastical society not bounded by
dren are wanting in duty. Ames. with a luminous train. territorial limits ; but the inhabitants of a
 P AR, PAR 3 PAR
town belonging to one church, though re- Ina general sense, to speak with another ; to distinguished from a drawing room in-
siding promiscuously among the people discourse ; but appropriately, to confer tended for the reception of company, or
belonging to another church, are called with on some point of mutual concern; to from a dining room, when a distinct apart-
a parish, ‘This is particularly the case in discuss orally ;hence, to confer with an ment is allotted for that purpose. In most
Massachusetts. In Connecticut, the legal enemy; to treat with by words; as on an houses, the parlor is also the dining room.
appellation of such a society is ecclesias- exchange of prisoners, on a cessation of) P‘ARLOUS, a. [from Fr. parler, to speak.]
tical society. I ! arms, or the subject of peace. | Keen; sprightly ;waggish. [.Vot used.]
PAR/ISH, a. Belonging toa parish ; having Knolles. Broome. Dryden.
the spiritual charge of the inhabitants be- P‘ARLEY, n. Mutual discourse or conver- PARO’CHIAL, a. [from L. parochia.] Be-
longing to the same church; as a parish sation; discussion; but appropriately, a longing to a parish; as parochial clergy;
priest. : _ Dryden. conference with an enemy in war. parechial duties. Atterbury.
2. Belonging toa parish; as a parish church ; We yield on parley, but are storm’din vain. PAROCHIALITY, xn. The state of being
parish records. : ; Dryden. parochial. Mariot.
3. Maintained by the parish ; as parish poor, To beat a parley, in military language, to) PARO/€HIAN, a. Pertaining to aparish.
Gay. beat a drum or sound a trumpet, as a sig-, ; Bacon.
PARISH’/IONER, n. One that belongs toa nal for holding a conference with the en- PARO’CHIAN, n. [supra.] A parishioner.
parish. Addison. emy. |
Burghley.
PARISYLLABITE, a [L. par, equal, PARLIAMENT, n. [Fr. parlement ; Sp. It.) PAROD'IC, 2 [See Parody.| Copying
PARISYLLABIICAL, ¢ “and syllaba, syl- Port. parlamento ;Arm. parlamand ; coin-, PAROD‘ICAL, § after the manner of
lable.] Having equial or like syllables. posed of Fr. parler, Sp. parlar, to speak, parody. Warton.
PAR/ITOR, n. {tor apparitor.| A beadle; and the termination ment, as in comple-| PAR/ODY, n. [Fr. parodie; Gr. rapada:
a summoner of the courts of civil law. ment, &c. noting state. See Parley.) —Lit- napa and wd, ode.|
Dryden. erally, a speaking, conference, mutual dis- 1. A kind of writing in which the words of an
PARITY, a. [Fr. parité ; It. parila ; trom course or consultation ; hence, author or bis thoughts are, by some slight
L. par, equal. See Pair and Peer.] - In Great Britain, the grand assembly of alterations, adapted to adifferent purpose ;
1. Equality; as parity of reason. South. the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords a kind of poetical pleasantry, in which
2. Equality; like state or degree ; as a part- temporal, and the commons; the general, verses written on one subject, are altered
ty of orders or persons. council of the nation constituting the legis- and applied to another by way of bur-
PARK, x. (Sax. parruc, pearruc; Scot. lature, summoned by the king’s authority, lesque. Johnson. Encye.
parrok; W. pare; Fr. id.; lt. parco; Sp. to consult on the affairs of the nation, and 2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb.
purque ; lr. paire; G. Sw. park; D. perk. to enact and repeal laws. Primarily, the, Encye.
It may be from tie root of bar, but it coin- king may be considered as a constituent, PAR/ODY, v. t. To alter, as verses or
cides in elemeuts with L. parcus, saving,| branch of parliament ; but the word is gen- words, and apply to a purpose different
and the ‘Teutonic bergen, to keep.] erally used to denote the three estates from that of the original.
A large piece of grouud inclosed and privi- above named, consisting of two distinct } have translated, or rather parodied a poem
Jeged for wild beasts of chase,in England, branches, the house of lords and house of} of Horace. Pope.
by the king’s grant or by prescription. commons. | PAROL, 2? [W. paryl; It. parola; Fr.
To constitute a park, three things are re- The word parliament was introduced PARO'LE, § ™ parole, from parler, to speak ;
quired; a royal grant or license; inclo- into Eugland under the Norman kings. or contracted from L. parabola.|
sure by pates, a wall or hedge ; and beasts; The supreme council of the nation was) 1. Properly, a word; hence, in a legal sense,
of chase, as deer, &c. Encye. called under the Saxon kings, witlenage-| words or oral declaration ; word of
Park of artillery, or artillery park, a place in mote, the meeting of wise men or sages. | mouth. Formerly, conveyances were
i . The supreme council of Sweden, con-' made by parol or word of mouth only.
the rear of both lines of an army for en-
camping the artillery, which is formed in sisting of four estates; the nobility and Blackstone.
lines, the guns in front, the ammunition- representatives of the gentry; the clergy, 2. Pleadings in a suit; asanciently ail plead-
wagons behind the guns, and the pon- one of which body is elected from every) ings were viva voce or ore tenus.
toons and tumbrils forming the third line. rural deanery of ten parishes; the burgh- The parol may demur. Blackstone.
The whole ts surrounded with a rope. ers, elected by the magistrates and coun- /PAROL, Given by word of mouth;
The gunners and matrosses encamp on cil of every corporation; and the peas- PARO’LE, fa oral; not written; as parol
the flanks; the bombardiers, pontoon-men ants, elected by persons of their own or- evidence. Blackstone.
and artificers in the rear. Encye.! der. {It would be well to write this word pa-
Also, the whole train ofartillery belong- 3. In France, before the revolution, a coun- role, in uniformity with the following,
ing to an army or division of troops. cil or court consisting of certain noble-| there being no good reason for a distine-
Park of provisions, the place where the sut- men. | tion. ]
lers pitch their tents and sell provisions,! PARLIAMENTA/RIAN, :Pe One of those) IPARO’'LE, n. [See Parol.] Word of mouth.
and that where the bread wagons are sta-| |PARLIAMENTEE’R, * who adhered | In military affairs, a promise given by a
tioned. to the parliament in the time of Charles I. prisoner of war, when he has leave to de-
P‘ARK, v. ¢. To inclose in a park. Shak. Aubrey. part from custody, that he will return at
P‘ARKER, n. The keeper of a park. }PARLIAMENTA’RIAN, a. Serving the, the time appointed, unless discharged. A
parliament in opposition to kiag Charles I. parole is properly a verbal or unwritten
P‘ARKLEAVES, xn. A plant of the genus Wood. promise, but I believe it is customary to
Hypericum. Ainsworth. Lee. | PARLIAMENT’ARY, a. Pertainingto par-| take a promise in writing.
P‘ARLANCE, n. [Norm. from Fr. parler, liament ; as parliamentary authority. 9, A word given out every day in orders by
to speak; part. parlant, It. parlante.]| 2. Enacted or done by parliament; asapar- a commanding officer, in camp or garri-
Conversation ; discourse ; talk. liamentary act. son, by which friends may be distinguish-
Woodeson. 3. According to the rules and usages of par- ed from enemies. Encye.
PARLE, n. p'arl. Conversation; talk; oral] liament, or to the rules and customs of| PARONOMA'SIA, :n, [from Gr. apa
treaty or discussion. [Volt used.]_ [See legislative bodies. PARONOM/ASY, *“ vousw, to transgress
Parley.] Shak. P‘ARLOR, 2a. [Fr. parloir ; It. Sp. parlato- law or rule.)
PARLEY, v. %. (Fr. parler, It. parlare, rio; W. parlawr ; trom Fr. parler, Sp. par- A rhetorical figure, by which words nearly
Sp. parlar, W. parliaw, to speak; Ir. lar, to speak.] alike in sound, but of different meanings,
bearla, language, from bearadh or beirim, Primarily, the apartment in a nunnery where) are affectedly or designedly used; a play
to speak, to tell, relate, narrate, to bear, to} the nuns are permitted to meet and con- upon words; apun. [See Pun.) Encye.
carry; Goth. batran, Sax. beran, to bear,| verse with each other; hence with us, the! PARONOMAS’TIE, 2 Pertaining to
L. fero, or parto. So we have report, from 5
room in a house which the family usually) PARONOMAS'TIEAL, a.
§ paronomasy ;
L. porto.} occupy when they have no company, as consisting in a play upon words. More.
 P AcR PAR PAR
PARONY€HTIA, x. [Gr. zaporuyie ; rapa, teemed to be delicate food and remarkable! A plant of the genus Apium. The leaves of
by, and ov, the nail.}] In surgery, a whit- for the richness of its colors. Pennant. parsley are used in cookery, and the root
low or felon. Encyc.| PAR’RY, v. t. [Fr. parer; It. parare, to) is an aperient medicine.
PARON‘YMOUS, a. [Gr. zaporvmos; mapa) adorn, to parry ; Sp. parar, to stop; Port. P‘ARSNEP, n. [The last syllable of this
and ovowa, name.}| Resembling another id. to stop, to parry; from the root of] word is the Sax. nepe, L. napus, which
word. Watts. pare, to cut off, to separate. See Pare.] _ | occurs also in turnep.]
PAR OQUET, A small species of par- |. In fencing, to ward off; to stop or to put A plant of the genus Pastinaca. The root of
PAR/OKET, * rot. Grew. or turn by ; as, to parry a thrust. the garden parsnep is deemed a valuable
More properly perroquet, which see.] 2. To ward off; to turn aside; to prevent a, esculent.
PAROT'ID, a. (Gr. xapa, near, and ovs, ora, blow from taking effect. | PARSON, x. p'arsn. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer,
ear. 3. To avoid ; to shift off. lord of the pfarre, benefice or living. J
Beanie to or denoting certain glands be- The French government has parried the pay-| know not from what root pfarre is derived.
low and before the ears, or near the ar- ment ofour claims. E. Everett.| See Purish.]
ticulation of the lower jaw. The parotid PARRY, v. i. To ward off; to put by; 1. The priest of a parish or ecclesiastical so-
glands secrete a portion ofthe saliva. thrusts or strokes; to fence. Locke. ciety; the rector or incumbent of a_par-
Parr. Coxe. Grew. PAR/RYING, ppr. Warding off, as a thrust ish, who has the parochial charge or cure
PARO'TIS, n. [Gr. mapwres. See Parotid.) or blow. of souls. It is used in this sense by all de-
1. The parotid gland; a secreting salivary PARSE, v. t. pars. {from L. pars, part, or} nominations of christians ;but among in-
conglomerate gland below and before the; one of the Shemitic roots, 079 to divide, or dependents or congregationalists it is
Parr. wip to spread.] merely a colloquial word.
care
2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid In grammar, to resolve a sentence into its 2. A clergyman; a man that is in orders or
gland. Quincy. elements, or to show the several parts of) | has been licensed to preach. Shak.
PAR'OXYSM, n. [Gr. xaposvomos, from zap- speech composing a sentence, and their PARSONAGE, n. In America, the glebe
ofvve, to excite or sharpen ; mapa and o§vs,| relation to each other by government or and house belonging to a parish or eccle-
sharp.] agreement. slastical society, and appropriated to the
An exasperation or exacerbation of a dis- PARSIMO/NIOUS, a. [See Parsimony.}| maintenance of the incumbent or settled
ease; a fit of higher excitement or vio-
Sparing in the use or expenditure of) pastor of a church.
lence in a disease that has remissions or money; covetous; near; close. It differs), 2. In England, the benefice of a parish, or
intermissions; as the parorysm of a fever from frugal, in implying more closeness or the house appropriated to the residence of
or gout. Encye. narrowness of mind, or an attachment to | the incumbent. Addison. Gray.
PAROXYS/MAL, a. Pertaining to parox- property somewhat excessive, or a dispo- Parsonically, in Chesterfield, is not an au-
ysm 3 as a paroxysmal disposition. sition to spend less money than is neces- thorized word.
Asiat. Res. sary or honorable. P‘ART, n. [L. pars, partis; Fr. part ; Sp. It.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may) | parte; W. parth; from 3a, or 059, or ¥49,
PAR’REL, n. [Port. aparelho, from aparel- spare us the expense of many years ; whereas | which in the Shemitic languages signify
har, to prepare; Sp. aparejo, tackle and a long parsimonious war will drain us of more | to separate, to break. |
rigging, from aparejar, to prepare, L. pa- men and money. Addison.
ro. It coincides with apparel, which see.} 1. A portion, piece or fragment separated
{It is sometimes used in a good sense for | from a whole thing; as, to divide an or-
Among seamen, an apparatus or frame made frugal.)
of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived as) PARSIMO/NIOUSLY, adv. With a very | ange into five parts.
to go round the mast, and being fastened, 2. A portion or quantity of a thing not sepa-
sparing use of money ; covetously.
at both ends to a yard, serves to hoist it. PARSIMO'NIOUSNESS, n. A very spar- rated in fact, but considered or mentioned
Encye.| by itself In what part of England is Ox-
ing use of money, or a disposition to save) ford situated ? So we say, the upper part
PARRICI/DAL, (See Parricide.] expense.
PARRICIDIOUS, Pertaining to par- P\ARSIMONY, n. [L. parsimonia, from or lower part, the fore part, a remote part,
ricide ; containing the crime of murdering, a small part, or a great part.
parcus, saving, literally close. Parcus' The people stood at the nether part of the
a parent or child. seems to be from the root of the G. D. ber-! mount. Ex. xix.
2. Committing parricide. gen, Sax. beorgan, to save or keep, Eng.| 3. A portion of number, separated or con-
PAR’/RICIDE, ». [Fr. from L. paricida, park. So in Russ. beregu is to keep or! sidered by itself; as a part of the nation or
from pater, father, and cedo, to kill.] save, whence berejlivet, parsimonious.| congregation.
1. A person who murders his father or And this seems to be the root of burg, al ‘4. A portion or component particle; as the
mother. borough, originally a fortified hill or cas- | component parts of a fossil or metal.
2. One who murders an ancestor, or any one tle.] \5. A portion of man; asthe material part or
to whom he owes reverence. Blackstone, Closeness or sparingness in the use or ex-) | body, or the intellectual part, the soul or
applies the word to one who kills his) penditure of money ; sometimes used per- understanding ;_ the perishable part ; the
child. haps in a good sense, implying due orjus- immortal part.
3. The murder of a parent or one to whom tifiable caution in expenditure, in which 6. A member.
reverence is due. Bacon., sense it differs little from frugality and All the parts were formed in his mind into
4. One who invades or destroys any to) economy. More generally, it denotes an ex- one harmonious body. Locke.
whom he owes particular reverence, as cessive caution or closeness; in which 7. Particular division; distinct species or
his country or patron. | case, it is allied to covetousness, but it im-|) sort belonging to a whole; as all the
PAR/RIED, pp. [See Parry.| Warded off; plies less meanness than niggardliness.) parts of domestic business or of a manu-
driven aside. Johnson. It generally implies some want of honora-) facture,
PAR’‘ROT, n. [supposed to be contracted ble liberality. 8. Ingredient in a mingled mass ; a portion
from Fr. perroquet.} The ways to enrich are many; parsimony is'| in a compound.
1. Thename offowls of the genus Psittacus, one of the best, and yet is not innocent, for it) 9. That which falls to each in division ;
of numerous species. The bill is hooked withholdeth men from works of liberality. share ; as, let me bear my part of the dan-
and the upper mandible movable. The Bacon.
ger. Dryden.
hooked bill of the parrot is used in climb- P‘ARSLEY, n. [Fr. persil; Sp. perevil ; 10. Proportional quantity ; as four parts of
ing. These fowls are found almost every Port. perrexil ; It. petroselino, corrupted to, lime with three of sand.
where in tropical climates. They breed petrosemolo ; Sax. peterselige ; G. petersilie ; 11. Share ; concern ; interest.
in hollow trees and subsist on fruits and D. pietersclie; Sw. persilia; Dan. peter- Sheba said, we have no part in David. 2
seeds. They are also remarkable for the sille, persille ; Ir. peirsil; W. perllys; 1.)| Sam. xx.
faculty of making indistinet articulations petroselinon; Gr. metposeawov; metpos, al! 12. Side; party ; interest; faction.
of words in imitation of the human voice. stone, and oeawoy, parsley ; stone-parsley,, And make whole kingdoms take her brother's
2. A fish found among the Bahama isles, es- a plant growing among rocks.| part. Waller.
 PAR PAR PAR
13. Something relating or belonging to; 5. To separate, as combatants. N ight part- PARTA’KING, ppr. Sharing with others ;
that which concerns; as for your part; ed the armies. participating.
for his part ; for her part. i 6. 'To secern ; to secrete.
PARTA‘KING, n. An associating ; combi-
For my part, 1 have no servile end in my ‘The liver minds his own affair,
labor. Wotton. And parts and strains the vital juices. nation in an evil design. Hale.
P‘ARTED, pp. Separated; divided; sever-
14. Share oflabor, action or influence ; par- Prior. ed. Sidney.
ticular office or business. 7. In seamen’s language, to break ; as, the
Accuse not nature, she hath done her part, ship parted her cables. P‘ARTER, n. One that parts or separates.
Do thou but thine. Milton. 8. To separate metals. PARTERRE, n. parta’re. (F'r.] In garden-
15. Character appropriated in a play. The P‘ART, v. i. To be separated, removed or ing, a level division of ground furnished
detached. With evergreens and flowers; sometimes
parts of the comedy were judiciously cast cut into shell and seroll work with alleys.
and admirably performed. Powerful hands will not part
16. Action; conduct. Shak. Easily from possession won with arms. Encye.
Milton. PARTIAL,
a. [Fr. from L. pars; It. par-
17. In mathematics, such a portion of any ziale.|
quantity, as when taken a certain num- 2. To quit each other.
ber of times, willexactly make that quan- He wrung Bassanio’s hand, and so they 1. Biased to one party; inclined to favor
parted. Shak. one party in a cause, or one side of a ques-
tity. Thus 3is apart of 12. It is the op- tion, more than the other; not indifferent.
posite of multiple. '3. To take or bid farewell. Swift.
4. 'To have a share. It is important to justice that a judge
Parts. in the plural, qualities ; powers ; They shall part alike. 1 Sam. xxx.
faculties ;accomplishments. should not be partial.
Such licentious parts tend for the most part
5. [Fr. partir.) To go away ; to depart. Self-love will make men partial to them-
Thy father | selves and friends. Locke.
to the hurt of the English— Spenser.
Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, 2. Inclined to favor without reason.
Embraced me, parting for th’ Etrurian land. Au-
regions, districts. Dryden. thors are partial to their wit, and critics
When he had gone over those parts, and had
6. To break; to be torn asunder. The ca- to their judgment.
given them much exhortation, he came into ble parted. 3. Affecting a part only; not general or uni-
Greece. Acts xx. To part with, to quit; to resign; to lose; to versal; not total. Jt has been much dis-
All parts resound with tumults, plaints and be separated from; as, to part with near aoe whether the deluge was partial or
fears. Dryden. friends. total.
In general, parts is used for excellent or Celia, for thy sake 1 part All partial evil, universal good. Pope.
superior endowments, or more than ordi- With all that grew so near my heart. 4. More strongly inclined to one thing than
nary talents. This is what we under- Waller. to others. [Colloquial.]
stand by the phrase, a man of parts. PARTABLE. [See Partible.] 9. In_ botany, subordinate; applied to subdi-
In good part, as well done; favorably ; ac- P‘ARTAGE, n. Division ;severance ; the visions 3as apartial umbel or umbellicle ; a
ceptably ; in a friendly manner ; not in act of dividing or sharing ;a French word. partial peduncle. A partial involuere is
displeasure. [Little used.] Locke. placed at the foot of apartial umbel.
God accepteth it in good part at the hands PARTA‘KE, v.7. pret. partook ; pp. partaken. P‘ARTIALI ST, x. One who is partial.
of faithful man. Hooker. [part and take.] (Unusual. | Bp. Morton.
In ill part, as ill done; unfavorably ; with 1. ‘To take a part, portion or share in com- PARTIALITY, n. parshal/ity. Inclination
displeasure. mon with others ; to have a share or part ; to favor one party or one side of a ques-
For the most part, commonly ; oftener than to participate ; usually followed by of, tion more than the other; an undue bias
otherwise. Heylin. sometimes less properly by in. All men of mind towards one party or side, which
In part, in some degree or extent ; partly. partake of the common bounties of Provi- is apt to warp the judgment. Partiality
Logical part, among schoolmen, a division dence, Clodius was at the feast, but could springs from the will and afteetions, ratli-
of some universal as its whole ; in which]; not partake of the enjoyments. er than from a love of truth and justice.
Sense, species are parts of agenus, and in- - 'To have something of the property, na- 2. A stronger inclination to one thing than
dividuals are parts of a species. Encye. ture, claim or right. to others; as a partiality for poetry or
Physical parts, are of two kinds, homogen- The attorney of the duchy of Lancaster par- painting ; a colloquial use.
takes partly of a judge, and partly of an attor- P‘ARTIALIZE, v. t. To
eous and heterogeneous; the first is of ney general. Bacon.
render partial,
the same denomination; the second of '3. To be admitted ; not to be excluded. [.Vot used. | Shak.
different ones. PARTIALLY, adv. With undue bias of
Aliquot part, is a quantity which being re-| PARTA‘KE, v.t. To have a part in; Shak. mind to one party or side; with unjust
to favor or dislike; as, to judge partially.
peated any number of times, becomes share.
equal to an integer. ThusG is an aliquot My royal father lives ; 2. In part; not totally ; as, the story may be
part of 24. Let every one partake the general joy. partially true; the body may be partially
Aliquant part, is a quantity which being re- affected with disease ; the Sun and moon
Dryden.
peated any number of times, becomes (This is probably elliptical, of being are often partially eclipsed.
greater or less than the whole, as 5 is an omitted. | PARTIBILITY, “n. [Sce Partible.| Sus-
aliquant part of 17. |2. To admit to a part. [Mot used.] Shak. ceptibility of division, partition or sever-
Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of PARTA’KEN, pp. Shared with others ; ance ; separability ; as the partibility of an
words of a particular character. Thus participated. inheritance,
the noun is a part of speech, denoting the PARTA’‘KER, n. One who has or takes a P‘ARTIBLE, a. [It. partibile, partire, to
names of things, or those vocal sounds part, share or portion in common with part.]
which usage has attached to things. ‘Thel| others; a sharer; a participator; usually Divisible ;separable; susceptible of sever-
verb is a part of speech expressing motion, followed by of: ance or partition ; as, an estate of inherit-
action or being. If the Gentiles have been made partakers of | ance may be partible. Blackstone.
PART, v. t. [L. partio; Fr. partir; W. their spiritual things— kom. xv. PARTIC IPABLE, a. [See Participate.]
partha. | Sometimes followed by in. That may be participated or shared.
1. To divide, separate or break ; to sever Wish me partaler in thy happiness— * Norris.
into two or more pieces. Shak. PARTICIPANT, a. [See Participate.]
2. To divide into shares; to distribute. Acts If we had been in the days of our fathers, we Sharing ; having a share or part; followed
ii. would not have been partakers with them in
the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii.
by of:
38. To separate or disunite, as things which The prince saw he should confer with one
are near each other. Ruth i. 2. An accomplice ; an associate. participant of more than monkish speculations.
When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst Wotton.
4. To keep asunder; to separate. A nar- with him, and hast been partaker with adul- PARTICIPANT, n. A partaker ; one hay-
row sea parts England from France. terers. -Ps. 1.
ing a share or part. Bacon.
 PAR PAR PAR
PARTICIPATE, v. i. [L. participo ; pars, 5. In grammar, a word that is not varied or 6. Minuteness in detail. He related the sto-
part, and capio, to take.] inflected ; as a preposition. ry with great particularity.
1. To partake ; to have a share in common Organic particles, very minute moving bod- PARTI€/ULARIZE, v.t. To mention dis-
with others. The heart of sensibility par- ies, perceptible only by the help of the tinctly or in particulars; to enumerate or
ticipates in the sufferings of a friend. It microscope, discovered in the semen of| specify in detail.
is sometimes followed by of. animals. Encye. He not only boasts of his parentage as an
He would participate of their wants. PARTI¢C/ULAR, a. [Sp. Port. id. ; It. par- Israelite, but particularizes his descent from
: Hayward. ticolare ;Fr. particulier ;Low L. particula-| Benjamin. Atterbury.
2. 'To have part of more things than one. ris, from particula. | PARTI€/ULARIZE, v. i. To be attentive
Few creatures participate of the nature of 1. Pertaining to a single person or thing; |_ to single things. Herbert.
plants and metals both. Bacon. not general ; as, this remark has a partic- PARTICULARLY, adv. Distinctly ; singly.
PARTICIPATE, v. t. To partake; to ular application. | South.
share; to receive a part of. 2. Individual; noting or designating a_sin- 2. In an especial manner.
gle thing by way of distinction. Each This exact propriety of Virgil I particularly
Fellowship
Such as [ seek, fit to participate plant has its particular nutriment. Most regarded as a great part of his character.
All rational delight— Milton. persons have a particular trait of charac- Dryden.
ter. He alludes to a particular person. PARTI€ULATE, to mention, is not in
PARTICIPATED, pp. Shared in common 3. Noting some property or thing peculiar.
with others; partaken. in use.
Of this prince there is little particular mem- P‘ARTING, ppr. [from part.] Dividing ;
PARTICIPATING, ppr. Having a part or ory- Bacon.
share ; partaking. separating ; breaking in pieces.
4. Attentive to things single or distinct ;mi- 2. a. Given at separation ; as a parting kiss
PARTICIPA‘TION, n. The state ofsharing nute. I have been particular in examin-
in common with others; as a participation or look,
ing the reasons of this law.
of joys or sorrows. 5. Single; not general. 3. Departing ;declining; as the parting day.
2. The act or state of receiving or having 6. Odd; singular; having something that Pope.
part of something. P‘ARTING, x. Division ; separation. Backs
eminently distinguishes one from others. XXi.
Those deities are so by participation, and 7. Singularly nice in taste; as a man very
subordinate to the Supreme. Stillingfleet. 2. In chimistry, an operation by which gold
particular in his diet or dress.
8. Special; more than ordinary. He has |. by and silver are separated from each other
3. Distribution ; division into shares. different menstruums.
Raleigh. brought no particular news.
3. In seamen’s language, the breaking of a
PARTIC IPATIVE, a. Capable of partici- 9. Containing a part only ; as a particular cable by violence.
pating. estate, precedent to the estate in remain- IP‘ARTISAN, n. s as z.
PARTICIPIAL, a. [L. participialis. See) der. Blackstone. [Fr. from parti,
partir.)
Participle.| 10. Holding a particular estate ;asa particu- ||| J. An adherent to a party or faction.
1. Having the nature and use of a participle. lor tenant. Blackstone. |
2. Formed from a participle ; as a particip- |PARTI€/ULAR, n. A single instance; al2. In war, the commander of a partyAddison. or de-
ial noun. single point.
I must reserve some particulars, which it is tachment of troops, sent on a special en-
PARTICIP‘IALLY, adv. In the sense or terprise ;hence,
manner of a participle. not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon.
3. By way of distinction, a person able in
P‘ARTICIPLE, n. [L. participium, from 2. A distinct, separate or minute part; as, commanding a party, or dextrous in ob-
participo ;pars, part, and capo, to take.]) he told me all the particulars ofthe story. taining intelligence, intercepting convoys
1. In grammar, a word so called because it Addison.
or otherwise annoying an enemy.
partakes of the properties of anoun and of, 3. An individual; a private person. 4, A commander’s leading staff.
a verb; as having, making, in English ; L Estrange.
Ainsworth.
habens, faciens, in Latin. The English 4. Private interest; as, they apply their 5. A kind of halbert. [Fr. pertuisane ; It.
participles having, making, become nouns minds to those branches of public prayer,
partigiano.]
by prefixing the to them; as the having of) wherein their own particular is moved. P‘ARTITE, a. [L. partitus, from partio, to
property ; lhe making of instruments. [Not in use.] Hooker.
divide. See Part.|
But all participles do not partake of the 5. Private character; state of an individual. In botany, divided. A partite leafisa simple
properties of a noun, as the passive parti- For his particular, 1 will receive him gladly.
[Vot in use.] Shak. leaf separated down to the base. Lee.
ciples for example, had, made. PARTITION, n. [L. partitio, from partio,
Participles sometimes lose the proper- 6. A minute detail of things singly enumera- to divide. |
ties of a verb and become adjectives; as ted.
The reader has a particular of the books \l. The act of dividing, or state of being di-
willing, in the phrase, a willing heart ; en- wherein this law was written. [JVot in use.] vided.
gaging, as engaging manners; accomplish- Ayliffe. 2. Division ; separation ; distinction.
ed, as an accomplished orator. And good from bad find no partition. Shak.
In particular, specially ;peculiarly ; distinct-
wo. Any thing that participates of different 3. Separate part; as lodged in a small_par-
ly.
things. [.Vot used.] Bacon.| tition. Milton.
P‘ARTICLE, xn. [[t. particola ; Fr. parti- This, in particular, happens to the lungs.
Blackmore. 4. That by which different parts are sepa-
cule; L. particula, from pars, part.} rated ; asa partition of wood or stone ina
1. A minute part or portion of matter; asa PARTICULAR ITY, x. Distinct notice or building.
particle ofsand, of lime or oflight. specification of particulars.
io. In physics, a minute part of a body, an —Even descending to particularities, what \o. Part where separation is made.
No sight could pass
aggregation or collection of which consti- kingdoms he should overcome. Sidney.
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
tutes the whole body or mass. The word 2, Singleness ; individuality ; single act; : Dryden.
is sometimes used in the same sense as single case. Hooker. \6. Division of an estate into severalty, which
atom, in the ancient Epicurean philoso- 3. Petty account; minute incident. is done by deed ofpartition. Blackstone.
To see the titles that were most agreeable to
phy, and corpuscle in the latter. In this such an emperor—with the like particulari-
PARTITION, v. t. To divide into dis-
sense, particles are the elements or con- ties— Addison. tinct parts; as, to partition the floor of a
|
stituent parts of bodies. Encye. 4. Something belonging to single persons. house.
ww Any very small portion or part; as, he Shak. 2. To divide into shares ; as, to partition an
has nota particle of patriotism or virtue; 5. Something peculiar or singular. estate.
he would not resign a particle of his prop- I saw an old heathen altar with this particu- IP‘ARTITIVE, a. In grammar, distributive;
erty. larity, that it was hollowed like a dish at one as a noun partitive.
— In the Latin church,acrumb or little piece} end, but not the end on which the sacrifice was PARTITIVELY, adv. In a partitive man-
of consecrated bread. Encye.| laid. Addison. | ner; distributively. Lilly.
 PAR PAS PA'S
P‘ARTLET, n. [from part.] A ruff; a band PARTU’RIENT, a. [L. parturiens.] Bring- PAS€H-EGG, n. An egg stained and pre-
or collar for the neck. Obs. Hall. ing forth or about to bring forth young. sented to young persons, about the time
2. Ahen. Obs. Shak. PARTURITION, n. [L. parturio.] The of Easter. [Local.
P‘ARTLY, adv. In part; in some measure act of bringing forth or being delivered of] PASH, n. [Sp. faz, . facies, face.] A face.
or degree ; not wholly. young. Encye. [Not used.] Hanmer.
PARTNER, n. [from part.] One who par- PARTY, n. [Fr. partie, from L. pars. See 2. A blow. {Vot used. |
takes or shares with another ; a partaker; Part.) PASH, v. t. To strike; to strike down. [Vol
an associate ; as, she is partner of my life, 1. A number ofpersons united in opinion or used.] Dryden.
of my joys, of my griefs. design, in opposition to others in the com-
Those of the race of Shem were no partners in munity. It differs from faction, in imply- PASHAW’,n.(Pers. LAL, pashaw.] In
the unbelieving work of the tower. Raleigh. ing a less dishonorable association, or
more justifiable designs. Parties exist in the Turkish dominions, a viceroy, governor
2. An associate in any business or occupa- or commander ; a bashaw.
tion; a joint owner of stock or capital, all governments ; and free governments
employed in commerce, manufactures or are the hot-beds of party. Formerly, the Castle. Eaton.
other business. Men are sometimes part- political parties in England were called PASHAW'LI€, 2. The jurisdiction of a
ners in a single voyage or adventure, some- whigs and tories. pashaw.
times in a firm or standing company. 2. One of two litigants; the plaintiff or de- PASIG’RAPHY, n. (Gr. as, all, and ypagy,
3. One who dances with another, either fendant in a lawsuit. writing. |
male or female, as in a contra dance. The cause of both parties shall come before A system of universal writing, or a manner
4. A husband or wife. the judges. Ex. xxii. of writing that may be understood and
P‘ARTNER, v. t. To join; to associate 3. One concerned or interested in an affair. used by all nations. Good.
with a partner. [Little used.] Shak. This man was not a party to the trespass PASQUE-FLOWER, n. pask'flower. A
Partners, in a ship, pieces of plank nailed) or affray. He is not a party to the con- flower, a species of anemone.
round the scuttles in a deck where the tract or agreement. Fam. of Plants.
masts are placed ; also, the scuttles them- 4, Side ; persons engaged against each PAS’QUIL, rs A mutilated statue at
selves. Mar. Dict. other. PAS’QUIN, ~ Rome, in a corner of the
P‘ARTNERSHIP, xn. The association of| The peace both parties want, is like to last. palace of Ursini, so called from a cobbler
two or more persons for the purpose of] Dryden. of that name who was remarkable for his
undertaking and prosecuting any busi- Small parties make up in diligence what they sneers and gibes. On this statue it has
ness, particularly trade or manufactures, want in numbers. Johnson. been customary to paste satiric papers.
at their joint expense. In this case, the} 5. Cause ; side. Hence, a lampoon. Encyc. Cye.
connection is formed by contract; each) Egle came in to make their party good. PAS’QUIL, To lampoon; to
partner furnishing a part of the capital Dryden.| PAS’/QUIN, Vil. salirize.
stock and being entitled to a proportional 6. A select company invited to an entertain- PASQUINA’DE, Burton.
share of profit, or subject to a proportional ment; as a dining party, a tea party, an PAS’QUILER, x. A lampooner. — Burton.
share of loss ; or one or more ofthe part- evening parly. PASQUINA’DE, n. A lampoon or satirical
ners may furnish money or stock, and the 7. A single person distinct from or opposed writing. Tatler.
other or others contribute their services. to another. PASS, v. i. [Fr. passer, It. passare, Sp.
The duration of the partnership may be If the jury found that the party slain was of
| pasar, Port. passar, to pass; G. pass,
limited by the contract, or it may be left English race, it had been adjudged felony. fit, which is the Eng. pat, and as a noun,
indefinite, subject to be dissolved by mu- Davies.|) a pass, a defile, an ambling, pace ; passen,
tual agreement. A partnership or asso- to be fit, to suit; D. pas, a pace, a step, a
8. In military affairs, a detachment or small
ciation of this kind is a standing or per- pass, a passage, a defile, time, season ; van
number of troops sent on a particular
manent company, and is denominated a pas, tit, convenient,
pat in time; passen, to
duty, as to intercept the enemy’s con-
firm or house. We say, A and B entered) fit, to try, to mind, tend, or wait on, to
into partnership for the importation and | voy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to}!
flank the enemy, &c. | make ready, to pass; Dan. pas, a pass or
sale of goods, or for manufacturing cotton Party is used to qualify other words and passport, a mode or medium ; passer, to
or glass. be fit, to suit, to be applicable ; passerer,
may be considered either as part of acom-
Partnerships may be and usually are pound word, or as an adjective ; as party to pass, to come or go over; Sw. pass, a
associations of private persons, not incor- man, partly rage, parly disputes, &c. pass or passage, a passport ; passa, to fit,
porated. Inother cases, the company is P‘ARTY-COLORED, a. Having divers to suit, to adapt, to become ; passera, to
incorporated. Banking companies in the} pass; W. pas, that is expulsive, that caus-
colors; as a party-colored plume; a par-
United States are usually incorporated, ty-colored flower. es to pass, a pass, an exit, a cough, hoop-
and are essentially partnerships, but do PARTY-JURY, n. A jury consisting of ing-cough ; pasiaw, to pass, to cause an
not bearthat name. Manufacturing com- half natives and half foreigners. exit, to expel; Sp. pasar, to pass, go or
panies are also frequently incorporated. travel, to bring or convey, to penetrate,
P‘ARTY-MAN, n. One of a party ; usually,
2. Joint interest or property. Dryden. to exceed or surpass, to depart, to suffer,
a factious man ; a man of violent party
PARTOOK,, pret. of partake.
principles ; an abettor ofa party. bear, undergo, [L. patior, whence passion, |
P‘ARTRIDGE, n. [Fr. perdriv ; It. pernice ; P‘ARTY-SPIRIT, n. The spirit that sup- to happen or come to pass ; pasear, to
Sp. perdiz ;L. perdix; Gr. rep; D. pa- ports a party. walk ; paseo, a walking, a gait; paso, a
trys ; Ir. patrisg.] P‘ARTY-WALL, n. A wall that separates pace, a step, gait, (Gr. narew]; It. passare,
A wild fowl of the genus Tetrao. (Linn.), one house from the next. Moxon. to pass; passo, a pace, a step; passabile,
Latham arranges the partridge and quail) PAR’U, n. A singular American fish. tolerable ; passibile, suffering. We ob-
in a genus under the name ofPerdix, and P‘ARVIS, n. [Fr.] A church or church serve that this word unites pass, the L.
assigns the grous to the genus Tetrao. porch. [Jot used.] Chaucer. patior, to suffer, and peto, competo, in the
The partridge is esteemed a great delicacy sense of fit. The Gr. marew, to walk or
at the table. or ee ae , n.Littleness. [Vot used.] step, and macy, to suffer, are from the
The term partridge is applied in Penn- PAS, x. [Fr. pas, a step.] Right of going same root. The word pass coincides with
sylvania to the bird called quail in New foremost; precedence. [Wot used.] L. passus, a step, and this is from pando,
England, a peculiar species of Perdix ; in to extend; being casual, the original
Arbuthnot. word was pado. he radical sense is to
New England it is applied to the ruffed PAS€H, zn. [See Paschal.] The passover;
grous, a species of Tetrao. stretch, reach, extend, to open ; a pace is
the feast of Easter. [Jot used.] the reach of the foot, and jitness is from
PARTU'RIATE, v. «7. [L. parturio, from PAS‘CHAL, a. [L. pascha; Gr. nacza;
partus, birth, from pario, to bear.] To} from the Heb.] reaching or coming to, like convenient.
bring forth young. {Little used.] We learn from this word that the sense of
|Pertaining to the passover, or to Easter. || suffering is from eatending, holding on, or
Vol.
 PAS PAS PAS

continuing. See x45 in the introduction.||20. To run or extend; as a line or other 19, To thrust ;to make a push in fencing.
Sota thing. The north limit of Massachusetts To see thee fight, to see thee pass thy
Ar. 53 to pass; Heb. nod, pwd, Ch. passes three miles north of the Merrimac. puncto. Shak.
To come to pass, to happen ; to arrive ; to To pass away, to spend; to waste; as, to
yoo. Class Bd. No. 45. 64. and Bs or Bz. come; to be; to exist; a phrase much us- pass away the flower of life in idleness.
No. 52. 53. 70.] ed in the Scriptures. To pass by, to pass near and beyond.
1. To move, in almost any manner; t0 £03/7% pass away, to move from sight; to van- 2. To overlook ; to excuse; to forgive; not
to proceed from one place to another. ish. to censure or punish; as, to pass by a
A man may pass on foot, on horseback or|!2. To be spent; to be lost. crime or fault.
in a carriage; a bird and a meteor pass A good part of their lives passes away with- 3. To neglect ; to disregard.
through the air; a ship passes on or out thinking. Locke. Certain passages of Scripture we cannot pass
through the water ; light passes from the To pass by, to move near and beyond. He by without injury to truth. Burnet.
sun to the planets; it passes from the sun passed by as we stood in the road. \To pass over, to move from side to side; to
to the earth in about eight minutes. To pass on, to proceed. cross ; as, to puss over a river or mountain.
2. To move from one state to another; to To pass over, to go or move from side to 2. To omit; to overlook or disregard. He
alter or change, or to be changed in condi- side ; to cross; as, to pass over to the other |_ passed over one charge without a reply.
tion; as, to pass from health to sickness; side. \P‘ASS, n. [W. pas.| A narrow passage, en-
to pass from just to unjust. Temple. To pass into, to unite and blend, as two sub- trance or avenue; anarrow or difticult
3. To vanish ; to disappear ; to be lost. In stances or colors, in such a manner that place of entrance and exit; as a pass be-
this sense, we usually say, to pass away. it is impossible to tell where one ends and tween mountains. Encyc. Clarendon.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will the other begins. 2. A passage ; a road. Raleigh.
pass. Dryden. P‘ASS, v.t. To go beyond. The sun has|3. Permission to pass, to go or to come ; 2
4. To be spent; to go on or away progress- passed the meridian. The young man has license to pass ; a passport.
ively. not passed the age of frivolousness. A gentleman had a pass to go beyond the
The time when the thing existed, is the idea 2. To go through or over; as, to pass a river. seas. Clarendon.
of that space of duration which passed between 3. To spend; to live through; as, to pass A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an
some fixed period and the being of that Han time ; to pass the night in revelry, and the enemy. Kent.
Locke. day in sleep. 4. An order for sending vagrants or impo-
5. To die; to depart from life. {Little eet) 4. To cause to move; to send; as, to pass tent persons to their place of abode.
hak.|! the bottle from one guest to another; to | : Johnson.
6. To be in any state; to undergo ; with wn- pass a pauper from one town to another ;‘5. In fencing and fighting, a thrust ; a push;
der; as, to pass under the: rod. ‘ J to pass a rope round a yard ; to pass the|| attempt to stab or strike; as, to make a
7. To be enacted ; to receive the sanction of blood from the right to the left ventricle of pass at an antagonist.
a legislative house or body by a majority the heart. Derham. 6, State; condition or extreme case; ex~
of votes. 5. To cause to move hastily. tremity.
Neither of these bills has yet passed the I had only time to pass my eye over the To what a pass are our minds brought.
house of commons. Swift. medals, which are in great number. Sidney.
8. To be current; to gain reception or to be | Addison.|\ Matters have been brought to this pass—
generally received. Bank bills pass as a 6. To transfer from one owner to another; South.
substitute for coin. to sell or assign; as, to pass land from A /P‘ASS-PARO’LE, x. [pass and parole.}| In
False eloquence passeth only where true is to B by deed; to pass a note or bill. military affairs, a command given at the
not understood. Felton. 7. To strain; to cause to percolate; as, to] head of an army and communicated by
9. To be regarded; to be received in opin- pass wine through a filter. Bacon. word of mouth to the rear. Encyc.
ion or estimation. 8. To utter; to pronounce ; as, to pass com- IP‘ASSABLE, a. [It. passabile.] That may
This will not pass for a fault in him, till it is pliments; to pass sentence or judgment ;| be passed, traveled or navigated. The
proved to be one in us. Atterbury. to pass censure on another’s works. roads are not passable. The stream is
10. To occur; to be present; to take place; Watts.|\ passable in boats.
as, to notice what passes in the mind. 9. To procure or cause to go. 2. That may be penetrated ; as a substance
Watts. Waller passed over five thousand horse and passable by a fluid.
1]. To be done. foot by Newbridge. Clarendon. 3. Current; receivable ; that may be or is
Provided no indirect act pass upon our pray- 10. To put an end to. | transferred from hand to hand: as bills
ers to defile them. Taylor. This night passable in lieu of coin. False coin is not
12. To determine; to give judgment or sen- We'll pass the business privately and well. passable.
tence. Shak.
4. Popular ; well received. Bacon.
Though well we may not pass upon his life 11. To omit; to neglect either to do or to
Shak. 5. Supportable. [This should be passible.}
mention. | Dryden.
13. To thrust; to make a push in fencing or I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.
fighting. Shak. Dryden, es adv. Tolerably. [See Pass-
ibly.
14. To omit; to suffer to go unheeded or 12. To transcend; to transgress or go be-
neglected. We saw the act, but let it
PASSA’DE,
yond; as, to pass the bounds of modera- PASSA’DO, ¢ ” A push or thrust.
pass. tion.
15. To move through any duct or opening; 13. To admit; to allow; to approve and re- PASSA’DE, zx. [Fr.] In the menage, a turn
ceive as valid or just; as, to pass an ac- or course of a horse backwards or for-
as, substances in the stomach that will not
count at the war-oftice. | wards on the same spot of ground.
pass, nor be converted into aliment.
Arbuthnot. 14. To approve or sanction by a constitu- | . Encyc.
16. To percolate; to be secreted ; as juices tional or legal majority of votes; as, the P‘ASSAGE, n. [Fr. passage; Sp. pasage;
that pass from the glands into the mouth. house of representatives passed the bill. | It. passaggio.]
17. To be in a tolerable state. Hence, 1. The act of passing or moving by land or
water, or through the air or other sub-
A middling sort of man was left well enough 15. To enact; to earry through all the
by his father to pass, but he could never think forms necessary to give validity ; as, the | stance; as the passage of a man or a car-
he had enough, so long as any had more. legislature passed the bill into a law. riuge ; the passage of a ship or a fowl; the
L’ Estrange. 16. To impose fraudulently ; as, she passed passage of light or a meteor; the passage
{8. To be transferred from one owner to the child on her husband for a boy. | of fluids through the pores ofthe body, or
another. The land article passed by live-| Dryden. from the glands. Clouds intercept the
ry and seizin. 17. To practice artfully ;to cause to suc- passage of solar rays.
19. To go beyond bounds. Obs. For this ceed ; as, to pass a trick on one. The time of passing from one place to
we generally use surpass. Shak. 18. To surpass; to excel; to exceed. = another. What passage had you? We
 PAS PAS PAS
had a passage of twenty five days to Apollinarius held even Deity to be passible. |3. Expressing strong emotion; animated;
Havre de Grace, and of thirty eight days Hooker. as passionate eloquence.
from England. PASSIBLENESS, the same as passibility. PAS/SIONATE, v. t. To affect with pas-
3. Road; way; avenue; aplace where men P‘ASSING, ppr. Moving ; proceeding. s10n ;to express passionately. [Not used.|
or things may pass or be conveyed. 2. a. Exceeding ; surpassing ;eminent. Spenser. Shak.
Temple. Fairfax. PAS/SIONATELY, adv. With passion ;
And with his pointed dart, — 3. Adverbially used to enforce or enhance with strong feeling ;ardently ;vehement-
Explores the nearest passage to his heart. the meaning of another word ; exceeding- ly; as, to covet any thing passionately ; to
Dryden.
ly;as passing fair; passing strange. be passionately fond.
4. Entrance or exit. : P‘ASSING-BELL, n. The bell that rings 2. Angrily ;with vehement resentment; as,
What! are my doors opposed against my
passage? Shak. at the hour of death to obtain prayers for to speak passionately.
5. Right of passing ; as, to engage a passage the passing soul. It is also used for the PAS’/SIONATENESS, n. State of being
on board a ship bound to India. bell that rings immediately after death. subject to passion or anger.
6. Occurrence; event; incident; that which Swift. 2. Vehemence of mind. Boyle.
happens; as a remarkable passage in the P‘ASSINGLY, adv. Exceedingly. Obs. PAS’SIONED, a. Disordered; violently af-
life of Newton. [See the Spanish verb, Wickliffe. fected. Spenser.
supra. This sense is obsolescent.] |P‘ASSING-NOTE, n. In music, a note in- 2. Expressing passion. Spenser.
7. A passing away; decay. [Little used.] troduced between two others for the pur- PAS/SIONLESS, a. Not easily excited to
Shak. pose of softening a distance or melodizing anger ; of a calm temper. Shelton.
8. Intellectual admittance ; mental recep- a passage. Busby. 2. Void of passion.
tion. PAS/SION, n. [L. passio, from patior, to P‘ASSIVE, a. [It. passivo; Sp. pasivo ; Fr.
Among whom I expect this treatise will have | suffer.] passif; L. passivus, from passus, patior, to
a fairer passage than among those deeply im- il. The impression or effect of an external suffer.]
bued with other principles. Digby. agent upon a body; that which is suffered - Suffering ; not acting, receiving or capa-
9. Manner of being conducted ; manage- or received. ble of receiving impressions from external
ment. A body at rest affords us no idea of any ac- agents. We were passive spectators, not
On consideration of the conduct and passage tive power to move, and when set in motion, actors in the scene.
of affairs in former times— Davies. it is rather a passion than an action in it. The mind is wholly passive in the reception
10. Part of a book or writing ; a single Locke. of all its simple ideas. Locke.
clause, place or part of indefinite extent.| Susceptibility of impressions from exter- God is not in any respect passive.
How commentators each dark passage shun. nal agents. Bradwardine.
Young. | The differences of moldable and not molda- 2. Unresisting ;not opposing; receiving or
11. Enactment ; the act of carrying through ble, &c., and many other passions of matter, suffering without resistance; as passive
all the regular forms necessary to give va- are plebeian notions. [Little used.] Bacon. obedience ; passive submission to the laws.
lidity ; as the passage of a law, or of a bill Suffering ; emphatically, the last suffering Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which
into a law, by a legislative body. of the Savior. expresses passion, or the effect of an action
Hopkinson. Wheaton’s Rep. To whom also he showed himself alive after of some agent; as in L. doceor, I am
Bird of passage, a fowl that passes at cer- his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. taught; in English, she is loved and ad-
tain seasons from one climate to another, The feeling of the mind, or the sensible mired by her friends; he is assailed by
as in autumn to the south to avoid the effect of impression ;excitement, pertur- slander.
winter’s cold, and in spring to the north bation or agitation of mind; as desire, Passive obedience, as used by writers on gov-
for breeding. Hence the phrase is some- fear, hope, joy, grief, love, hatred. The ernment, denotes not only quiet unresist-
times applied to a man who has no fixed eloquence of the orator is employed to ing submission to power, but implies the
residence. move the passions. denial of the right of resistance, or the re-
P‘ASSAGER, x. [Fr. from passage ; It. pas- |. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, cognition of the duty to submit in all ca-
saggiere.| particularly such as is occasioned by an ses to the existing government.
A traveler or voyager; one who passes or iH offense, injury or insult; hence, violent Passive prayer, among mystic divines, is a
journeys on foot, in a vehicle, or in a ship anger. Watts. suspension of the activity of the soul or
or boat. This word is usually written 6. Zeal; ardor; vehement desire. intellectual faculties, the soul remaining
corruptly passenger, and the first vowel is When statesmen are ruled by faction and in- quiet and yielding only to the impulses of
often short. terest, they can have no passion for the glory grace. Encyc.
of their country. Addison. Passive commerce, trade in which the pro-
PASSED, Gone by; done ; accom- |7. Love.
PAST, ,PP plished ;ended. He owned his passion for Amestris. Rowe.
ductions of a country are carried by for-
2. Enacted ; having received all the formal- 8. Eager desire ; as a violent passion for fine eigners in their own bottoms. [See Active
ities necessary to constitute a law. commerce. |
clothes. Swift.
P‘ASSENGER, n. One who is traveling, PAS/SION, v. i. To be extremely agitated. P‘ASSIVELY, adv. With a passive nature
as in a public coach, or in a ship, or on {.Vot used.] Shak. or temper; with a temper disposed to sub-
foot. This is the usual, though corrupt PAS'SION-FLOWER, n. A flower and mit to the acts of external agents, without
orthography. resistance. Dryden.
plant of the genus Passiflora.
Passenger falcon, a kind of migratory hawk. PAS’SION-WEEK, n. The week immedi- 2. Without agency. Pearson.
Ainsworth. ately preceding the festival of Easter; 3. According to the form of the passive verb.
P‘ASSER, n. One that passes ; a passenger. so called because in that week our Say- Lally.
Rowe. ior’s passion and death took place. P‘ASSIVENESS, x. Quality of receiving
PASSERINE, a. [L. passer, a sparrow. ] PAS’SIONARY, n. A book in which are impressions from external agents or
Pertaining to sparrows, or to the order of described the sufferings of saints and
causes; as the passiveness of matter.
birds to which sparrows belong, the Pas- 2. Passibility ;capacity of suffering.
seres. martyrs. Warton. We shall lose our passiveness with our being.
PAS’/SIONATE, a. [It. passionato; Fr. Decay of Piety.
PASSIBILITY, n. [Fr. passibilité, from passionné.}
passible. See Passion.] 3. Patience ;calmness ; unresisting submis-
1. Easily moved to anger ; easily excited or sion. Fell.
The quality or capacity of receiving impres- agitated by injury or insult ; applied to per- PASSIWITY, n. Passiveness, which see.
sions from external agents ; aptness to feel sons. Little used.| Cheyne.
or suffer. Hakewill. Homer’s Achilles is haughty and passionate.
PAS'SIBLE, a. [Fr. passible; It. passibile. 2. The tendency ofa body to persevere in a
Prior. given state, either of motion or rest, till
See Passion.| 2. Highly excited ; vehement; warm; appli- disturbed by another body. Good.
Susceptible of feeling or of impressions from ed to things ; as passionate affection ;pas- P‘ASSLESS, a. Having no passage.
external agents. sionate desire ;passionate concern. Cowley.
 PAS P&S PAT
P‘ASSOVER, n. [pass and over.) A feast PAS’TERN, n. [Fr. pdturon.] The part of] Nena rt n. (Fr. pdturage. See Pas-
of the Jews, instituted to commemorate a horse’s leg between the joint next the ture. i
the providential escape of the Hebrews, foot and the coronet of the hoof. —Encyc.| 1. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.
in Egypt, when God smiting the first-born 2. The human leg; in contempt. Dryden. Spenser.
of the Egyptians, passed over the houses PAS’TERN-JOINT, n. The joint in a 2. Grazing ground; land appropriated to
of the Israelites, which were marked with horse’s leg next the foot. grazing. ddison.
the blood of the paschal lamb. PASTI€’CIO, n. [It.] A medley; an olio. 3. Grass for feed. Arbuthnot.
2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the Swinburne. P‘ASTURE, n. [Fr. pature, for pasture, from
passover. PAS/TIL, n. [L. pastillus; It. pastigha; L. pasco, pastum, to feed, Gr. Booxw.|
P‘ASSPORT, n. [Fr. passeport ;passer, to Fr. pastille. See Paste.} 1. Grass for the food of cattle; the food of
pass, and porter, to carry; It. passaporto ; 1. A roll of paste, or a kind of paste made of cattle taken by grazing. Brown.
Sp. pasaporte.} different colors ground with gum-water 2. Ground covered with grass appropriated
. A written license from a king or other in order to make crayons. Encyc. for the food of cattle. The farmer has a
proper authority, granting permission or 2. In pharmacy, a dry composition of sweet hundred acres of pasture. It is sometimes
safe conduct for one to pass through his smelling resins, aromatic woods, &c. burnt called pasture-land.
territories, or to pass from one country to to clear and scent the air of a room. 3. Human culture; education. [Vot used.|
another, or to navigate a particular sea Encye. Dryden.
without hindrance or molestation. P‘ASTIME, n. [pass and time.) Sport; Common of pasture, is the right of feeding
2. A license for importing or exporting con- amusement; diversion; that which cattle on another’s ground.
traband goods or movables without pay- amuses and serves to make time pass P‘ASTURE, v. t. To feed on grass or to
ing the usual duties. agreeably. Milton. Watts. supply grass for food. We apply the word
3. That which enables one to pass with P‘ASTIME, v.7. Tosport; to use diversion. to persons, as the farmer pastures fifty
safety or certainty. [Little used.] oxen; orto ground, as the land will pas-
His passport is his innocence and grace. PASTOR, n. [L. from pasco, pastum, to ture fifty oxen.
Dryden. feed, Gr. Booxw, W. pesgi, Arm. pasqa, PASTURE, v. 7. To graze; to take food
PAS/SY-MEASURE, n. [It. pasamezzo, Fr. paitre, for paistre, like naitre, from by eating grass from the ground. Milton.
middle pace or step.] L. nasco ; Russ. pastovuyu, pasu. It seems PASTY, a. Like paste; of the consistence
Anold stately kind of dance; a cinque-pace. to be allied to bush, D. bosch,G. busch, Sw. of paste. Cooper.
Obs. Shak. buska, Dan. busk, as browse is to brush; PASTY, x. [from paste.} A pie made of
PAST, pp. of pass. Gone by or beyond ; It. brusea; Gr. Bpwcxw.] paste and baked without a dish.
not present; not future. . A shepherd; one that has the care of| Pope. King.
2. Spent; ended; accomplished. flocks and herds. Dryden. PAT, a. (G. pass ; D. pas. See Fit and Pass.|
P‘AST, n. Elliptically, past time; as in- 2. A minister of the gospel who has the Fit; convenient ; exactly suitable either
demnity for the past. Fenton. charge of a church and congregation, as to time or place. [Not an elegant word,
P‘AST, prep. Beyond in time. Heb. xi. whose duty is to watch over the people of} but admissible in burlesque. ] :
2. Having lost; not possessing; as, he was his charge, and instruct them in the sa- Atterbury. Swift.
past sense of feeling. cred doctrines of the christian religion. ‘PAT, adv. Fitly ;conveniently. Shak.
3. Beyond; out of reach of; as, he was past South. Swift. PAT, n. [W. fat, a blow; fatiaw, to strike
cure or help. P‘ASTORAL,
a. [L. pastoralis.| Pertaining’) lightly, to pat. Qu. Fr. patte.}
Love, when once past government, to shepherds ; as a pastoral life; pastoral |A light quick blow or stroke with the fin-
is con-
sequently past shame. L’Estrange. manners. | gers or hand.
4 . Beyond; further than; as past the bound- 2. Descriptive of the life of shepherds; as a PAT, v. ¢. To strike gently with the fingers
ary. pastoral poem. or hand; to tap.
5. Above; more than. 3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the! Gay pats my shoulder and you vanish quite.
The northern Irish Scots have bows not past pastor of a church; as pastoral care or) Pope.
three quarters of a yard long. Spenser. iPATA’€A, n, [from the Sp.] A Span-
duties ; a pastoral letter.
Not now used.] Hooker. Dryden.) PATAC€OON’, §" ish coin of the value of
6. After; beyond in time. The company Piety is the life and soul of pastoral fidelity. 4s. 8d. sterling, or about $1,04 cents.
assembled at half past seven, that is, at H. Humphrey. Sp. Dict.
half an hour after seven. PASTORAL, n. A poem describing the) PATA’CHE, n. [Sp.] A tender or small
PASTE, n. [Fr. pate, for paste ; It. Sp. pas- life and manners of shepherds, or a poem vessel employed in conveying men or or-
ta. Qu. L. pistus, or Gr. xaso0, to sprin- in imitation of the action of a shepherd, ders from one ship or place to another.
kle, or some root which signifies to mix and in which the speakers take upon Sp. Dict.
and knead.] themselves the character of shepherds ;|PATAVIN'ITY, x. The use of local words,
1. A soft composition of substances, as flour an idyl; a bucolic. Pope.| or the peculiar style or diction of Livy,
moistened with water or milk and knead- A pastoral is a poem in which any action or the Roman historian; so denominated
ed, or any kind of earth moistened and passion is represented by its effects on a country]||
from Patavium or Padua, the place of his
formed to the consistence of dough. Paste! life. Rambler.
nativity. Encyc. Lempriere.
made of flour is used in cookery ; paste P‘ASTORATE, n. The office, state or ju- iPATCH, n. [It. pezza, a piece, Fr. piece,
made of flour or earth, is used in various risdiction of a spiritual pastor. Arm. pez, Sp. preza. Qu.]
arts and manufactures, as a cement. President Stiles. Tooke.) 1 . A piece of cloth sewed ona garment to
2. An artificial mixture in imitation of pre- P‘ASTORLIKE, 0 Becoming a pastor. repair it. Dryden.
cious stones or gems, used in the glass P‘ASTORLY, Milton. 2. A small piece of any thing used to repair
trade. Encye. P‘ASTORSHIP, n. The office or rank o a breach.
3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in pastor. Bull. . A-small piece of silk used to cover a de-
which other minerals are imbedded. fect on the face, or to add a charm.
PASTE, v. t. To unite or cement with paste ; PASTRY, n. [from paste.] Things in gen- &= A piece inserted in mosaic or variegated
to fasten with paste. Watts. eral which are made of paste, or of which}
paste constitutes a principal ingredient,|
work. Locke.
PASTEBOARD, n. A species of thick pa- ou A small piece of ground, or a small de-
per formed of several single sheets pasted as pies, tarts, cake and the like.
2. The place where pastry is made. — Shak. tached piece. Shak.
one upon another, or by macerating paper (6. A paltry fellow. This use is sometimes
and easting itin molds, &c. Ttis used for PASTRY-€QOK, n. One whose oceupa- heard in vulgar language; as a cross-
the covering of books, for bonnets, &e. tion is to make and sell articles made of] atch.
PAS’TEL, n. A plant, the woad, of the ge- paste. Arbuthnot. PATCH,v. t To mend by sewing on a
nus Isatis. Ed. Encyc. Ainsworth. P‘ASTURABLE, a. [from pasture.] Fit for’ piece or pieces; as, to patch a coat.
2. A coloring substance. [Sp.] pasture, 2. To adorn with a patch or with patches.
 PAT PA 'T PAT
In the middle boxes were several ladies who PAT’ENTED, pp. Granted by patent; se-)P\ATHELY, . A fly found in foot-paths.
patched both sides of their faces. Spectator. cured by patent or by law as an exclusive} P ATH'Té, n. [from the Gr. xaf0s.] A cat-
3. To mend with pieces; to repair clumsily. privilege. amite; a male that submits to the crime
Shak. |PATENTEE’, n. One to whom a grant is| against nature. Gillies.
4. To repair with pieces fastened on; as, to made or a privilege secured by patent or P‘ATHLESS, a. Having no beaten way;
patch the roof of a hoe rite by law. untrodden ; as a pathless forest; a pathless
Sa
5. To make up of pie ieces and shreds. Raleigh. PAT’ENTING, ppr. Granting by patent; coast. Prior.
securing as a privilege. PATHOGNOMON’TE, a. [Gr. xaSoyrepor-
6. To dress in a party-colored coat. — Shak.) PATENT-ROLLS, x. The records or reg- ‘xos ; mabos, passion or suffering, and
7. To make suddenly or hastily; to make isters of patents. yroper, from ywusxe, to know.}
Without regard to forms; as, to patch up a) PATERN’AL, a. [Fr. paternel; L. pater- Indicating that which is inseparable from a
eace. nus, from pater, father.] disease, being found in that and in no oth-
PATCH’ED, pp. Mended with a patch or 1. Pertaining
to a father; fatherly; as pa- er; hence, indicating that by which a dis-
patches ;mended clumsily. ternal care or affection; paternal favor or ease may be certainly known ; character-
PATCH’ER, n. One that patches or botches. admonition. istic ; as pathognomonic symptoms.
PATCH’ERY, n. Bungling work; botch- 2. Derived from the father ;hereditary ; as a
ery; forgery. Shak. /PATHOG'NOMY, n. [Gr. xaGos and yroun,
paternal estate. Dryden. Addison. signification. |
PATCHING, ppr. Mending with a piece PATERNITY, x. [Fr. paternité; Et. pater-
or pieces; botching. Expression of the passions; the science of
nita.| Fathership; the relation ofa fath-
PATCH’WORK, n. Work composed o er. the sigus by which human passions are
pieces of various figures sewed together. The world, while it had searcity of people, indicated. Good.
Swift. underwent no other dominion than paternity |PATHOLOG’TE, F ee Pathology.)
2. Work composed of pieces clumsily put and eldership. Raleigh. PATHOLOG‘ICAL, § “ Pertaining to pa-
together. Swift. PA’TERNOSTER, n. [L. our father.] The thology.
PATE, n. [Qu. Ir. bathas, a top; or Sp. It. Lord’s prayer. |/PATHOLOG’‘I€CALLY, adv. In the manner
patena.} P‘ATH, n. plu. paths. [Sax. path, peth, or of pathology.
1. The head, or rather the top of the head; paad, paat: D. pad ; G.pfad ; Sans. patha ; |PATHOL/OGIST, n. One who treats of pa-
applied to persons, it is now used in con- Gr. xazos, from xarew, to tread. The sense]! thology.
tempt or ridicule. of path is beaten, trod; but the primary |PATHOL/OGY, x. [Gr. 2aG0s, passion, suf-
2. The skin of a calf’s head. sense of treading, stepping, is probably to fering, and Aoyos, discourse. ]
3. In fortification, a kind of platform resem- open, stretch, extend.} ‘That part of medicine which explains the
bling what is calleda horse shoe. Encyc. il. A way beaten or trodden by the feet of nature of diseases, their causes and symp-
PA’TED, a. In composition, having a pate; man or beast, or made hard by wheels ; toms; or the doctrine of the causes and
as long-pated, cunning; shallow-pated, that part of a highway on which animals! nature ofdiseases, comprehending nosolo-
having weak intellect. or carriages ordinarily pass; applied to the|| gy, etiology, symptomatology, and thera-
PATEE’, n, in heraldry, a cross small ground only, and never to a paved street in'| peutics. Encyc. Core.
PATTEE’, * in the center, and widening a city. |PA’THOS, n. [Gr. from zasyo, to suffer. |
to the extremities which are broad. Any narrow way beaten by the foot. Passion; warmth or vehemence, in a
Encyc. The way, course or track where a body | speaker; or in language, that which ex-
PATEFA€'TION, n. [L. patefactio ;pateo, moves in the atmosphere or in space; as cites emotions and passions. Mason.
to open, and facio, to make.] | the path of a planet or comet; the path of|PATHWAY, n. A path; usually, a narrow
The act of opening or manifesting; open a meteor. way to be passed on foot. Gay.
declaration. Pearson. . A way or passage. \2. A way; a course oflife. Prov. xii.
PATEL/LIFORM, a. [(L. patella, a dish, . Course of life. |PAT'IBLE, a. [L. patibilis, from patior, to
and form.) Of the form of a dish or sau- He marketh all my paths. Job xxxiii.
suffer.}
Cer. Barton. 3. Precepts; rules prescribed.
Uphold my goings in thy paths. Ps. xvii. Sufferable ;tolerable; that may be endured.
PAT’ELLITE, n. Fossil remains of the!|,
patella, a shell. || - Course of providential dealings; moral) | [ot used.] Dict.
PAT‘EN, [L. patina.] A plate. [NVot| } government. \PATIB/ULARY, a. [Fr. patibulaire, from
PAT'IN, ;™ used.] Shak.| ~All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth L. patibulum, a gallows.]
2. In the Romish church, the cover of the! tosuch as keep his covenant. Ps. xxv. \Belonging to the gallows, or to execution on
chalice, used for holding particles of the) PATH, v. t. [Sax. peththian.] To make the cross. Dict.
host. Bp. Bedell. a path by treading ; to beat a path, as in IPATIENCE, n. pa’shens. [Fr. from L. pati-
PAT’ENT, a. [Fr. from L. patens, from pa-| snow. U. States.) entia, from patior, to suffer; It. pazienza ;
teo, to open; Gr. aervaw, Ch. AD to open, |2. To push forward; to eause to go; to Sp. Port. paciencia. The primary sense
dilate or expand; Syr. Sam. id. Class Bd.| make way for. Shak. is continuance, holding out, from extend-
No. 63. 64. 65.] Open; spread ; expanded. P‘ATH, v. 7. To walk abroad. Shak. ing. Hence we see ‘the connection be-
1. In botany, spreading ; forming an acute PATHET'Te, (Gr. ma4yrexos, from tween pass, and L. pando, passus, and Gr.
angle with the stem or branch; as a patent PATHET’ICAL, ,@ xaos, passion; zacyzu, natew. See Pass.]
leaf. Martyn.|
to suffer. ] . The suffering of afflictions, pain, toil, ca-
2. Open to the perusal of all; as letters pat- Affecting or moving the passions, particu- lamity, provocation or other evil, with a
ent. (See Letter.] larly pity, sorrow, grief or other tender calm, unruffled temper ; endurance with-
3. Appropriated by letters patent. emotion; as a pathetic song or discourse ; out murmuring or fretfulness. Patience
Madder—in the time of Charles the first, was! pathetic expostulation. Spectator. may spring from constitutional fortitude.
made a patent commodity. Mortimer. | No theory of the passions can teach a man to
be pathetic. from a kind ofheroic pride, or from chris-
4. Apparent; conspicuous. Horseley. E. Porter.|\
tian submission to the divine will.
PATENT, x. A writing given by the prop-| PATHET'T¢, 2. Style or manner adapted 2 . A calm temper which bears evils without
er authority and duly authenticated, to awaken the passions, especially tender murmuring or discontent.
granting a privilege to some person or per-| emotions. oo The act or quality of waiting long for jus-
sons. By patent, or letters patent, that is,| A musician at Venice is said to have so ex- tice or expected good without discontent.
open letters, the king of Great Britain celled in the pathetic, as to be able to play any Have patience with me, and I will pay thee
grants lands, honors and franchises of his auditors into distraction. Encye. all. Matt. xviii.
PAT’ENT, v. f. To grant by patent. IPATHET’I€ALLY, adv. In such a manner 4. Perseverance ; constancy in labor or ex-
2. To secure the exclusive right of a thing as to excite the tender passions. ertion.
toa person ; as, to patent an invention or l
etc | PATHET’ICALNESS, n. The quality of He learnt with patience, and with meekness
an original work to the author. moving the tender passions. taught. Harte
 BrAct PAT PAT
5. The quality of bearing offenses and inju-| rior to the order of archbishops; as the} round by a guard in the night, to watch and
ries without anger or revenge. patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexan- observe what passes, and to secure the
His rage was kindled and his patience gone. dria, or of Ephesus. peace and safety of a camp or other place.
Harte PATRIAR€H’AL, Belonging to patri-| 2. The guard or persons who go the rounds
6. Sufferance ;permission. [JVot used.] PATRIARE€H Ie, § archs ; possessed by for observation ; a detachment whose du-
Hooker. patriarchs; as patriarchal power or juris- ty is to patroll.
7. A plant, a species of rumex or dock. diction ; a patriarchal see. In France, there is an army of patrols to se-
Mortimer. 2. Subject to a patriarch; as a patriarchal cure her fiscal regulations. Hamilton.
PATIENT, a. pa’shent. [Fr. from L. pa- church. PATROLL, v. i. [Fr. patrouiller, to paddle
tiens.] Patriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where or puddle, to patroll, to fumble; Sp. pa-
1. Having the quality of enduring evils with- the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms trullar. Hence the word seems to be
out murmuring or fretfulness; sustaining being longer than the upper ones. formed from the name of the foot, pad or
afflictions of body or mind with fortitude, Encyc. ped, paw. In our vulgar dialect, pad is
calmness or christian submission to the di- PA/TRIARCHATE, The office, digni- used in the sense of walking or stepping
vine will; as a patient person, or a person PA/TRIARCHSHIP, § ty or jurisdiction about. It seems to be allied to Gr. xarew.|
ofpatient temper. It is followed by of be- of a patriarch or ecclesiastical superior. To go the rounds in a camp or garrison; to
fore the evil endured; as patient of labor Selden. Ayliffe. march about and observe what passes ; as
or pain; patient of heat or cold. Ray. PA/TRIAREHY, n. The jurisdiction of a a guard. Encyc.
2. Not easily provoked; calm under the suf- patriarch ; a patriarchate. Brerewood. PATROLLING, ppr. Going the rounds, as
ferance of injuries or offenses; not re- PATRI’CIAN, a. [Fr. patricien; L. patri- a guard.
vengeful. cius, from pater, father.] PATRON, n. [L. patronus ; Gr. narpar, from
Be patient towards all men. 1 Thess. v. Senatorial; noble; not plebeian. This epi-|! narnp, father.}
3. Persevering ; constant in pursuit or exer- thet is derived from the Roman patres, . Among the Romans, a master who had
tion; calmly diligent. fathers, the title of Roman senators ; as freed his slave, and retained some rights
Whatever I have done is due to patient patrician birth or blood; patrician fam- over him after his emancipation; also, a
thought. Newton. ilies. Addison. man of distinction under whose protection
4. Not hasty ; not over eager or impetuous; PATRI'’CIAN, n. A nobleman. In the Ro- another placed himself. Hence,
waiting or expecting with calmness or man state, the patricians were the de-|2. One who countenances, supports and pro-
without discontent. scendants of the first Roman senators. tects either a person or a work. Prior.
Not patient to expect the turns of fate. PATRIMO'NIAL, a. [Fr. See Patrimony.))\3- In the church of Rome, a guardian or saint,
Prior. Pertaining to a patrimony ; inherited from) whose name a person bears, or under
PA’TIENT, n. A person or thing that re- ancestors ; as a patrimonial estate. whose special care he is placed and whom
ceives impressions from external agents; PATRIMO'NIALLY, adv. By inheritance. he invokes; or a saint in whose name a
he or that which is passively affected. Davenant. church or order is founded. Encyc.
Malice is a passion so impetuous and precip- PAT’RIMONY, n. [L. patrimonium, from 4. In the canon or common law, one who has
itate, that it often involves the agent and the pater, father. | the gift and disposition of a benefice.
patient. Gov. of the Tongue. 1. A right or estate inherited from one’s an- Encye.
2. A person diseased or suffering bodily in- cestors. Dryden. 5. An advocate; a defender; one that spe-
disposition. It is used in relation to the 2. A church estate or revenue ; as St. Pe-| cially countenances and supports, or lends
physician; as, the physician visits his pa- ter’s patrimony. aid to advance; as patrons of the arts; a
tient morning and evening. PAT’RIOT, n. [Fr. patriote, from L. patria,| patron of useful undertakings; the pat-
3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick one’s native country, from pater, father.| rons of virtue. Locke.
person. A person who loves his country, and zeal- 6. In seamen’s language, the commander of
lt is wonderful to observe how inapprehen- ously supports and defends it and its in- a small vessel or passage-boat ; also, one
sive these patients are of their disease. terests. who steers a ship’s long boat.
Blackmore. Such tears as patriots shed for dying laws. PAT’RONAGE, n. Special countenance or
PA/TIENT, v. t. To compose one’s self. Pope. support; favor or aid afforded to second
[NVot used.] Shak. PAT’RIOT, a. Patriotic; devoted to the! the views of a person or to promote a de-
PA’TIENTLY, adv. With calmness or com- welfare of one’s country ; as patriot zeal. | sign. Sidney.
posure ; without discontent or murmur- PATRIOT‘I€, a. Full of patriotism; actu-) 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. Addison.
ing. Submit patiently to the unavoidable ated by the love of one’s country; as a 3. Advowson; the right of presentation to a
evils of life. patriotic hero or statesman. | church or ecclesiastical benefice. Encyc.
2. With calm and constant diligence ; as, to 2. Inspired by the love of one’s country; PAT’RONAGE, v. t. To patronize or sup-
examine a subject patiently. directed to the public safety and welfare ; port. [Mot used.] Shak.
3. Without agitation, uneasiness or discon- as patriotic zeal. PAT’/RONAL, a. Doing the office of a pat-
tent; without undue haste or eagerness; PAT’RIOTISM, n. Love of one’s country ; ron; protecting; supporting; favoring;
as, to wait patiently for more favorable the passion which aims to serve one’s defending. [Little used.] Brown.
eveuts. country, either in defending it from inva- PAT’RONESS, n. A female that favors,
PATIN. [See Paten.] sion, or protecting its rights and main- countenances or supports.
PAT'LY, adv. [from pat.] Fitly ;conven- taining its laws and institutions in vigor; Now night came down, and rose full soon
iently. and purity. Patriotism is the character-) That patroness of rogues, the moon.
PAT’NESS, x. [from pat.] Fitness; suita- istic of a good citizen, the noblest passion Trumbull’s M?Fingal.
bleness ;convenience. Barrow.| that animates a man in the character of a 2. A female guardian saint.
PA/TRIAREH, n. [L. patriarcha; Gr. xa- citizen. | 3. A female that has the right of presenting
Tprapyns; marpia, a family, from zarnp, PATRIS’TI€, [from L. pater, patres, to a church living.
father, and apyos, a chief.] PATRIS/TICAL, §“ fathers.] PAT’RONIZE, v. t. To support; to coun-
_ - The father and ruler of a family ; one Pertaining to the ancient fathers of the chris-|| tenance; to defend; as a patron his client.
who governs by paternal right. It is usu- tian church. M. Stuart. 2. To favor; to lend aid to promote; as an
ally applied to the progenitors of the Is- PATROC/INATE, v. t. To'patronize. [JVot undertaking. Dryden.
raelites, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the used. | |3. To maintain; to defend ; to support.
sons of Jacob, or to the heads of families PATROCINA/TION, n. Countenance ; sup-| This idea has been patronized by two states
before the flood; as the antediluvian pa- ort. [Not used.] Hull. only. Hamilton.
triarchs. PATROL, [Fr. patrouille ; Sp. patrulla ;) PAT’RONIZED, pp. Defended ; supported;
2. A learned and distinguished character PATROLL, :™ "Port. patrulha. See the. favored; promoted.
among the Jews. Verb.] |
|PAT’/RONIZER, n. One that supports,
3. In the christian church, a dignitary supe- 1. In war, a round; a walking or marching countenances or favors.
 PAU PAN PAW
PAT’RONIZING, ppr. Defending ;support- the first and largest stomach, into which ing paved the way for intellectual improve-
ing ; favoring ;promoting. the food is received betore rumination. ment.
PAT’RONLESS, a. Destitute of a patron. Monro.| PA'VED, pp. Laid over with stones or
Shafisbury. PAUNCH, v.t. To pierce or rip the belly 5 bricks; prepared ;as a way.
PATRONYM'I€, n. [Gr. marparvprxos; L. to eviscerate ; to take out the contents of. PA/VEMENT, n. [L. pavimentum.
]
patronymicus ; from Gr. xarnp, father, and the belly. Shak. Garth.| or covering consisting of stones or Abricks, floor
ovoua, name.] PAUP’ER, n. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre ; Sp. laid on the earth in such a manner as to
A name of men or women derived from that pobre ; It. povero.| make a bard and convenient passage ; as
of their parents or ancestors; as T'ydides, A poor person ; particularly, one so indigent spavement of pebbles, of bricks, or of mar-
the son of Tydeus; Pelides, the son of Pe- as to depend on the parish or town for e.
leus, that is, Achilles. Encye. maintenance. PA’VEMENT, v. t. To pave; to floor with
PAT’TEN, n. [Fr. patin, probably from the PAUP’ERISM, n. The state of being poor stone or brick. [Unusual.] Bp. Hall.
name of the foot.] or destitute of the means of support; the PA‘VER, n, One who lays stones for
1. The base of a column or pillar. state of indigent persons requiring sup- PA’/VIER, f * floor, or whose occupationa
port from the community. The increase is tO pave.
Ainsworth. of pauperism is an alarming evil. Gay.
2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn PAVILION, n. pavil/yun. [Fr. pavillon ;
PAUSE, n. pauz. [L. Sp. It. pausa; Fr. Sp.
to keep the shoes from the dirt or mud. pabellon; Port. pavuhaum ; Arm. pavilhon
;
Camden. Gay. pause ; D. poos ; Sw. paus ; G. Dan. pause ; W. pabell ;It. pavighone and padiglione ;
PAT’TEN-MAKER, n. One that makes Gr. xavots, trom mave, to cease, or cause to L. papilio, a butterfly, and a pavilion. Ac-
attens, rest. | i cording to Owen, the Welsh pabell signi-
PAT’TER, v. i. [from pat, to strike gently; 1. A stop; a cessation or intermission of fies a moving habitation. ]
or Fr. patte, the foot.] action, of speaking, singing, playing or the 1. A tent; a temporary movable habitation.
To strike, as falling drops of water or hail, like ;a temporary stop or rest. - In architecture, a kind of turret or build-
with a quick succession of small sounds ; Hooker. Locke. ing, usually insulated and contained un-
as pattering hail. 2. Cessation proceeding from doubt; sus- der a single roof; sometimes square and
Dryden.| pense.
The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard.| sometimes in the form of adome. Some-
Thomson.
1 stand in pause where J shall first begin. umes a pavilion is a projecting part in the
PAT’TERING, ppr. Striking with a quick 3. Break or paragraph in writing. front of abuilding ;sometimes it flanks a
succession of small sounds. corner. Encyc.
> A temporary cessation in reading. The In military
PAT’ TERN, n. [Fr. patron ;Arm. patroum ; affairs, a tent raised on posts.
use of punctuation is to mark the pauses The word is sometimes used for a flag, col-
D. patroon. See Patron.) in writing. In verse, there are two kinds|
1. An original or model proposed for imita- ors, ensign or banner.
of pauses, the cesural and the final. The 4. In heraldry, a covering
tion ; the archetype; an exemplar ; that cesural pause divides the verse ; the final
in form of a tent r|
which is to be copied or imitated, either in investing the armories of kings.
pause closes it. The pauses which mark
things or in actions; as the pattern of a | the seuse, and which may be called sen-| 5. Among jewelers, the under side and cor-
machine ; a pattern of patience. Christ |_ tential, are the same in prose and verse. ner of brilliants, lying between the girdle
was the most perfect pattern of rectitude, . A mark of cessation or intermission of and collet.
patience and submission ever exhibited PAVIL‘ION, v. ¢. To furnish with tents.
the voice ; a point.
on earth. PAUSE, v. 7. pauz. To make a short stop ; 2. To shelter with Milton.
2. A specimen; a sample; a part showing a tent. Pope.
to cease to speak for a time; to intermit! PAVIL/IONED, pp.
the figure or quality of the whole; as a speaking or action. Furnished with pavil-
pattern of silk cloth. | ions ; sheltered by a tent.
Pausing a while, thus to herself she mused.
3. An instance; an example. Hooker. Milton.
PA'VING, ppr. Flooring with stones or
4, Any thing cut or formed into the shape of, \2. To stop; to wait; to forbear for a time. bricks.
something to be made after it. PA’/VING, n. Pavement; a floor of stones
Tarry, pause a day or two,
PAT’TERN, v. t. To make in imitation of Before you hazard. Shak. or bricks,
some model ; to copy. Shak. 3. To be intermitted. PA’VO, n. [L. a peacock; W. paw, spread-
The music pauses. ing.
2. To serve as an example to be followed. To pause upon, to deliberate.
Shak. A constellation in the southern hemisphere,
Shak. Knolles.
To pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. | |PAUS’ER, n. s as z. One who pauses; one consisting of fourteen stars ; also, a fish.
PAT’TY, x. [Fr. pate, paste.] A little pie. | who deliberates. Shak. PAVO'NE, n. [L. pavo.} A peacock. [Jot
used. | Spenser.
PAT’TY-PAN, n. A pan to bake a little pie |PAUS/ING, ppr. Stopping for a time; ceas- PAV’ONINE, a. [L. pavoninus, from pavo,
in. ing to speak or act; deliberating.
a peacock.
PAT’ULOUS, a. [L. patulus, from pateo, to PAUSINGLY, adv. After a pause; by
be open.] |breaks. Resembling the tail of a peacock; irides-
Shak.
cent. Cleaveland.
Spreading, as a patulous calyx ; bearing the PAVAN’, n. [Sp. pavana, from pavon, L.
flowers loose or dispersed, as a patulous' pavo, a peacock. | PAW, n. [W. pawen, a paw, a hoof; Arm.
pedunele. Lee. Martyn.| A grave dance among the Spaniards. In 12)

PAUCIL/OQUY, x. [L. paucus, few, and
loquor, to speak.]
The utterance of few words. [Little used.]|
PAUCITY, x. [L. paucitas, from paucus,
few.]
1. Fewness; smallness of number ; as the
this dance, the performers make a kind of pau ; Hindoo, pauw; Pers. sly pai, the
wheel before each other, the gentlemen foot; perhaps contracted from pad or pat,
dancing with cap and sword, princes with as the Dutch have poot, and the Fr. patte.
long robes, and the ladies with long trails; If'so, the word coincides in elements with
the motions resembling the stately steps L. pes, pedis, Gr. xovs, Eng. foot, Gr. aa-
of the peacock. TE,

paucity of schools. Hooker. Encyc. Sp. Dict. Shak. 1. The foot of beasts of prey having claws,
2. Smallness of quantity ; as paucity of blood. PAVE, »v. t. [Fr. paver; L. pavio, Gr. Mati, as the lion, the tiger, the dog, cat, &c. Lev.
to beat, to strike.] xi.
Brown.
PAUM, v. t. To impose by fraud; a corrup- HB To lay or cover with stone or brick so as 2. The hand; in contempt. Dryden.
tion of palm. to make a level or convenient surface for PAW, v. i. To draw the fore foot along the
Swift. horses, carriages or foot passengers ; to
PAUNCH, n. [Fr. panse; It. Sp. panza ; floor with brick or stone; as, to pave al ground ; to scrape with the fore foot ; as
Port. panca ; D. pens ; Basque, pantza ; a fiery horse, pawing with his hoof. Swift.
L. panter. Qu. G. wanst.] The belly and Street ; to pave a side-walk; to pave a He paweth in the valley. Job xxxix.
court or stable.
its contents.
2. To prepare a passage; to facilitate the PAW, v. t. To scrape with the fore foot.
The paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is! introduction of. The invention of print-|! His hot courser paw’d th’ Hungarian plain.
Tickel.
 PiALy PAY PEA
2, To handle roughly ; to scratch. on which wages or money is stipulated to
or goods, to his acceptance or satisfaction,
3. To fawn; to flatter. Ainsworth. by which the obligation of the debtor is be paid. Locke.
PAW’ED, a. Having paws. discharged. | PAYEE’, n. The person to whom money is
2. Broad footed. Johnson. 2. To discharge a duty created by promise) to be paid ; the person named in a bill or
PAWKY’Y, a. [from Sax. pecan, to deceive.] or by custom or by the moral law; as, to note to whom the amount is promised or
Arch; cunning. {Local.} Grose. pay a debt of honor or of kindness. directed to be paid.
PAWL, n. [W. pawl, Eng. pole, L. palus. You have paid down PAY’ER, n. One that pays. In bills of ex-
See Pole.] More penitence, than done trespass. Shak. change, the person on whom the bill is
Among seamen, a short bar of wood or iron 3. To fulfill; to perform what is promised; drawn, and who is directed to pay the
fixed close to the capstan or windlass ofa as, to pay one’s vows. Scripture. money to the holder.
ship to prevent it from rolling back or! 4. To render what is due to a superior, or PA/YMASTER, n. One who is to pay; one
giving way. Mar. Dict. demanded by civility or courtesy; as, to from whom wages or reward is received.
PAWN, n. [D. pand ; G. pfand ; Sw. pant ; pay respect to a magistrate ; to pay due Taylor.
Port. penhor; It. pegno; Sp. empeno; L. honor to parents. 2. In the army, an officer whose duty is to
genus. The sense may be that which is '5. To beat. pay the officers and soldiers their wages,
aid down or deposited. } For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.
and who is entrusted with money for this
1. Something given or deposited as security) B. Jonson. | purpose.
for the payment of money borrowed; a 6. To reward; to recompense; as, to pay |PA‘'YMENT, n. The act of paying, or giv-
pledge. Pawn is applied only to goods, ing Compensation. acon.
for kindness with neglect. Dryden. 2. The thing given in discharge ofa debt or
chattels or money, and not to real estate. \To pay for, to make amends; to atone by
Men will not take pawns without use. fulfillment of apromise. Shak.
Bacon.) suffering. Men often pay for their mis- 3. Reward ; recompense. South.
2. A pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. takes with loss of property or reputation, 4. Chastisement;
sound beating. [Vol used.}
sometimes with lite.
Shak. Ainsworth.
3. A common man at chess. [See Peon.] 2. To give an equivalent for any thing pur- IPAYNIM. [See Painim.]}
Cowley. chased. [PA/Y-OFFICE, n. A place or office where
In pawn, at pawn, the state of being pledged. To pay, or pay over, in seamen’s language, payment is made of public debts.
Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn. Shak. to daub or besmear the surface of any PAYSE, PAYSER, for poise, poiser, not
PAWN, v. t. [D. panden ;Sp. empenar ;Port.) body, to preserve it from injury by water | used. Spenser.
empenhar ; It. impegnare; L. pignero.] | or weather. PEA, n. [Sax. pisa; Fr. pots ; It. pisello;
1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as securi- To pay the bottom of a vessel, to cover it with), L. pisum ; Gr. xvsov ;W. pys, pysen; Ir.
ty for the payment of money borrowed ; | a composition of tallow, sulphur, rosin,|)
| pis.
to pledge; as, she pawned the last piece of) &c.; to bream. \A plant and its fruit of the genus Pisum,
plate. To pay a mast or yard, to besmear it with) of many varieties. This plant has a papil-
2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise ;) tar, turpentine, rosin, tallow or varnish. ionaceous flower, and the pericarp isa
as, to pawn one’s word or honor that an) To pay a scam, to pour melted pitch along) legume, called in popular language a pod.
agreement shall be fulfilled. | it, so as to defend the oakum. In the plural, we write peas, for two or
PAWN’-BROKER, xn. One who lends To pay off, to make compensation to and) more individual seeds, but pease, for an in-
money on pledge or the deposit of goods.) discharge ; as, to pay off the crew of a) definite number in quantity or bulk. We
Arbuthnot. || ship. write two, three or four peas, but a bushel
PAWN’ED, pp. Pledged; given in securi- To ey out, to slacken, extend or cause to } of pease. [This practice 1s arbitrary.|
|

ty. run out ; as, to pay out more cable. PEACE, n. [Sax. Norm. pais; Fr. pair;
PAWNEE,, n. The person to whom a pawn Mar. Dict. It. pace ; Sp. Port. paz ; Arm. peoch, from
is delivered as securijy ; one that takes P AY, v. 7. To pay off, in seamen’s language, | peoh; L. pax. Qu. Russ. pokot. The el-
any thing in pawn. is to fall to leeward, as the head ofa ship.|) ements are Pg, or their cognates, for the
If the pawn is laid up and the pawnee rob- Mar. Dict. L. has paco, to appease, coinciding with
bed, he is not answerable. Encye. ‘To pay on, to beat with vigor; to redouble the root of pack, and signifying to press or
PAWN’ER, n. One that pledges any thing blows. [Colloquial.} to stop.]
as security for the payment of borrowed (PAY, n. Compensation ; recompense ; an ‘1. In ageneral sense, a state of quiet or tran-
money. | equivalent given for money due, goods quillity; freedom from disturbance or agi-
PAWN'ING, ppr. Pledging, as goods; giv- | purchased or services performed; salary | tation; applicable to society, to individ-
ing as security. or wages for services; hire. The mer- uals, or to the temper of the mind.
PAX, n. [L. pax, peace.] A little image or | chant receives pay for goods sold ; the sol-|) 2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation;
piece of board with the image of Christ) dier receives pay for his services, but the public quiet.
upon the cross on it, which people before soldiers of the American revolution never 3. Freedom from internal commotion or civ-
the reformation, used to kiss after the ser- | received full pay. i] war.
vice; the ceremony being considered as 2. Compensation ; reward. ‘4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or
the kiss ofpeace. Todd. | Here only merit constant pay receives— disturbance.
PAY, v.t. pret. and pp. paid. [Fr. payer,|| | Pope. 5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance
Norm. pair, contracted from It. pagare,| PA’/YABLE, a. [Fr.} That may or ought to} | by the passions, as from fear, terror, an-
Port. Sp. pagar, Arm. paca. Class Bg. | be paid. In general, money is payable as| | ger, anxiety or the like; quietness of
From the different applications of pay, the soon as itis due, or at the time paymentis! mind ; tranquillity; calmness ; quiet of
sense appears to be to send or send to, for stipulated, or atthe expiration of the cred- conscience.
in our vulgar language, to pay on, is to it; but by the usage of merchants, three Great peace haye they that love thy law. Ps.
strike, to beat; and to pay with pitch, is or more days of grace are allowed to the | CXIX.
to put on or rub over. In the sense of] debtor, and a note due at the day when ‘6. Heavenly rest; the happiness of heaven.
strike, this coincides with the Greek zava, payment is promised, is not payable till the | Is. lvii.
curate, W. pwyaw. In another seamen’s expiration of the days of grace. 7. Harmony ; concord; a state of reconcili-
phrase, the word signifies to loosen or 2. That can be paid ; that there is power to)| ation between parties at variance.
slacken, as to pay out cable, that is, to
send or extend. But this word cannot |
| pay.
Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest.)
8. Public tranquillity ; that quiet, order and
security which is guaranteed by the laws;
belong to the root of the Greek and Welsh | South.| | as, to keep the peace ; to break the peace.
words. unless these are contracted from PA/Y-BILL, n. A bill of money to be paid) This word is used in commanding si-
Pg or Pk.) to the soldiers of a company. lence or quiet ; as, peace to this troubled
—_. To discharge a debt; to deliver to a cred- |PA/Y-DAY, n. The day when payment is| soul.
itor the value of the debt, either in money | to be made or debts discharged ; the day Peace, the lovers are asleep. Crashaw.
 PEA PEA PEA
To be at peace, to be reconciled ; to live in PE’/ACHER, n. Anaccuser. [.Vot used.] varieties, some of which are delicious to
harmony. : Fox. the taste.
To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at va- PE/ACHICK, n. The chicken or young of PEARCH. [See Perch.]
riance. the peacock, Southern. PEARL, n. perl. [Fr. perle ; It. Sp. perla;
To hold the peace, to be silent; to suppress \PE/ACH-TREE, n. The tree that produces Ir. pearla; Sax. pearl; Sw. parla; D.
one’s thoughts ; not to speak. the peach. paarl; G. perle; W. perlyn. This may be
PE/ACEABLE, a. Free from war, tumult IPE/A€OCK, n. [Pea, in this word, is from radically the same word as beryl, and so
or public commotion. We live in peacea- | L. pavo. Sax. pawa; Fr. paon, contracted named from its clearness. |
ble times. The reformation was introdu- from pavonis ; It. pavone ; Sp. pavon; D. 1. A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usu-
ced in a peaceable manner. paauw; G. pfau; W. pawan, trom paw, ally roundish, foundin atestaceous fish of
2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. The spreading, extending. | the oyster kind. The pearl-shell is called
neighbors are peaceable. These men are A large and beautiful fowl of the genus Pa- matrix perlarum, mother of pearl, and the
peaceable. : ; vo, properly the male of the species, but pearl is found only in the softer part of
3. Quiet ; undisturbed ; not agitated with in usage the name is applied to the spe- the animal. It is found in the Persian
passion. His mind is very peaceable. cies in general. The fethers of this fowl’s seas and in many parts of the ocean which
4. Not violent, bloody or unnatural; as, to tail are very long, and variegated with washes the shores of Arabia and the con-
die a peaceable death. rich and elegant colors. The peacock is tinent and isles of Asia, and is taken by
PE/ACEABLENESS, n. The state of being a native of India. divers. Pearls are of different sizes and
peaceable ; quietness. PE/A€OCK-FISH, n. A fish of the Indian colors; the larger ones approach to the
2. Disposition to peace. Hammond. seas, having streaks of beautiful colors. figure of a pear ; some have been found
PE/ACEABLY, adv. Without war; with- |PE/AHEN, n. [G. pfauhenne or pfauen; D. more than an inch in Jength. They are
out turnult or commotion ; without private paauwin.| The hen or female of the pea- valued according to their size, their round-
feuds and quarrels. cock. ness, and their luster or purity, which ap-
2. Without disturbance ; quietly ; without \PEAK, n. [Sax. peac; W. pig; Ir. peac; pears in a silvery brightness.
agitation ; without interruption. Eng. pike, beak ; Fr. pique; It. becco ; Sp. Cyc. Nicholson. Encyc.
PE/ACEBREAKER, n. One that violates pico. These are of one family, signifying 2. Poetically, something round and clear, as
or disturbs public peace. a point, from shooting or thrusting.] a drop of water or dew. Drayton.
PE/ACEFUL, a. Quiet; undisturbed; not 1. The top ofa hill or mountain, ending in a 3. A white speck or film growing on the eye.
in a state of war or commotion ; as a peace- point; as the peak of Teneriffe. Ainsworth.
ful time; a peaceful country. 2. A point; the end of any thing that ter- PEARL, v. t. perl. To set or adorn with
2. Pacific ;mild; calm; as peaceful words; minates in a point. pearls.
a peaceful temper. 3. The upper corner of a sail which is ex-
PEARL, v. i. perl. To resemble pearls.
3. Removed from noise or tumult; still; tended by a gaffor yard; also, the extrem-
Spenser.
undisturbed ; as the peaceful cottage ; the ity of the yard or gaff. Mar. Dict.
eaceful scenes of rural life. PEAK, v. 7. To look sickly or thin. [Not PEARLASH, 2. perl/ash. An alkali ob-
PE/ACEFULLY, adv. Without war or used. | Shak. tained from the ashes of wood; refined
commotion. 2. To make a mean figure ; to sneak. [JVot potash.
2. Quietly ; without disturbance. used. Shak. PEARLED, a. perl’ed. Set or adorned with
Our loved earth, where peacefully we slept. PEAK, v. t. To raise a gaff or yard more pearls. Milton.
Dryden. obliquely to the mast. Mar. Dict. PEARL-EYED, a. perl’/-eyed. Having a
3. Mildly; gently. PE/AKING, a. Mean; sneaking ; poor. speck in the eye. Johnson,
PE/ACEFULNESS, x. Quiet; freedom [Vulgar. PEARL-SINTER, n. Fiorite ; a variety of
from war, tumult, disturbance or discord. PE/AKISH, a. Denoting or belonging to an silicious sinter, the color gray and white.
2. Freedom from mental perturbation; as} acuminated situation. Drayton. Ure.
peacefulness of mind. PEAL, n. [from L. pello, whence appello, to PEARL-SPAR, n. perl/-spar. Brown spar.
PE/ACELESS, a. Without peace ; disturb- appeal. 'The sense is to drive ; a peal isa PEARL-STONE, n. A mineral regarded as
ed. Sandys. driving of sound, This word seems to a voleanic production. It oceurs in ba-
PE/ACEMAKER, n. One who makes peace belong to the family of L. balo, and Eng. saltic and porphyritic rocks, and is classed
by reconciling parties that are at variance. to bawl, jubilee, bell, &c.] with pitch stone. Dict.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall A loud sound, usually a suecession of Joud Pearl-stone is a subspecies of indivisible
be called the children of God. Matt. v sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts uartz. Jameson.
PE’/ACE-OFFERING, n. An offering that i ofa multitude, &c. PEARL-WORT,
procures peace. Among the Jews, an of- ||| ;n A plant of the genus
Bacon. Milton. Addison. PEARL-GRASS, § “ Sagina.
fering or sacrifice to God for atonement) [PEAL, »v. «% To utter loud and solemn Fam. of Plants.
and reconciliation for a crime or offense. | sounds ; as the pealing organ. Milton. PEARLY, a. perl/y. Containing pearls ;
Leviticus.| |}PEAL, v. t. To assail with noise. abounding with pearls; as pearly shells ;
PE/ACE-OFFICER, n. A civil officer whose}, a pearly shore.
duty is to preserve the public peace, to Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton.
2. Resembling pearls ; clear ; pure ; trans-
prevent or punish riots, &c.; as a sheriff, 2. To cause to ring or sound ; to celebrate. parent ; as the pearly flood; pearly dew.
or constable. The warrior’s name Drayton. Dryden.
PE/ACE-PARTED, a. Dismissed from the Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues
world in peace. Shak. of fame. J. Barlow. PEARMAIN, n. A variety of the apple.
PEACH, n. (Fr. péche; It. pesca; Arm. 3. To stir or agitate. [Not used.] PEAR-TREE, x. The tree that produces
pechesen.| Ainsworth. pears.
A tree and its fruit, of the genus Amygda- PE‘/ALED, pp. Assailed with sound ; re- PEASANT, n. pez/ant. [Fr. paysan; Sp.
lus, of many varieties. This is a delicious| sounded ; celebrated. Port. paisano ; from the name of country,
fruit, the produce of warm or temperate |PE/ALING, ppr. Uttering a loud sound or Fr. pais or pays, Sp. Port. pais, It. paese;
climates. In America, the peach thrives successive sounds; resounding. W. peues, a place of rest, a country, from
and comes to perfection in the neighbor- PE’AN, n. [L. pean; Gr. rawr.] A song of]} pau, coinciding with Gr. ava, to rest.]
hood of Boston, northward of which it praise or triumph. A countryman ; one whose business is rural
usually fails. \PE/ANISM, n. The song or shouts ofpraise labor.
PEACH, for impeach, not used. Dryden. or of battle; shouts of triumph. Mitford. PEASANT, a. pez/ant. Rustic ; rural.
PE/ACH-€G6LOR, n. The pale red color of, PEAR, n. [Sax. Sp. Port. It. pera; D. peer ; Spenser.
the peach blossom. | G. bin; Sw. paron; Dan. pere; Arm. PEAS/ANTLIKE,
PEA/CH-COLORED, a. Of the color of a | peren; W. pér; L. pyrum.} PEAS/ANTLY, ba. Rude; clownish ;
illiterate ; resemb-
peach blossom. Shak. !The fruit of the Pyrus communis, of many ling peasants.
32
Milton.
Vol. UL.
 PEC PEC PEC
PEASANTRY, 2. panes, Peasants ; PEC’€ANT, a. [L. peccans; Fr. peccant. PE€’TINITE, x. [L. pecten, a comb.] A
rustics ;the body o country people. See Peccable.| fossil pecten or scallop, or scallop petrifi-
Locke. 1. Sinning ; guilty of sin or transgression; ed.d Kirwan.
2. Rusticity. [Not used.] Buller. criminal ; as peccant angels. Milton. iPE€/TORAL, a. [L. pectoralis, from pectus.
PE/AS-COD, The legume or pericarp 2. Morbid; bad; corrupt ; not healthy ; as breast.]
PEA SHELL, ¢ ‘of the pea. peccant humors. Arbuthnot. Pertaining to the breast; as the pectoral
Walton. Gay. 3. Wrong; bad ; defective ; informal ; asa muscles; pectoral medicines. Milton.
PE/ASTONE, x. A subspecies of lime- peccant citation. [JVot used.] Ayliffe. The pectoral fins of a fish are situated on
stone. PEC€/€ANT, n. An offender. [JVot used.] the sides ofthe fish, behind the gills.
PEASE, n. Peas collectively, or used as Whitlock. PE€’/TORAL, n. A breastplate.
food. [See Pea.] Arbuthnot. PE€€A/VI. [L. I have offended.] A collo- Encyc. Johnson.
PEAT. n. [G. pfiitze, a bog.] A substance quial word used to express confession or 2. A sacerdotal habit or vestment worn by
resembling turf, used as fuel. It is found acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. the Jewish high priest, called in our ver-
in low grounds or moorish lands, and is of PE€H’BLEND, n. [G. pech, pitch, and sion of the Bible, a breastplate. Encye.
several species ; one is of a brown or yel- blende, blend.] 3. A medicine adapted to cure or relieve
lowish brown color, and when first cut Pitchblend, an ore of uranium; a metallic complaints of the breast and lungs.
has a viscid consistence, but hardens substance found in masses, or stratified PEC'ULATE, v. i. [L. peculatus, peculor,
when exposed to the air; another con- with earths or with other minerals, in from peculium, private property, from pe-
sists chiefly of vegetable substances, as Swedish and Saxon mines. It is of a cus, cattle.]
branches of trees, roots, grass, &c. blackish color, inclining to a deep steel 1. To defraud the public of money or goods
Bacon. Nicholson. Encyc. gray, and one kind has a mixture of spots entrusted to one’s care, by appropriating
PEAT. [Fr. petit. See Pet.] of red. Nicholson. the property to one’s own use ; to defraud
PEAT-MOSS, n. [peat and moss.] An PECK, n. [Arm. pech, a fourth; Fr. picotin.] by embezzlement.
earthy material used as fuel. 1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry meas- 2. Among civilians, to steal. Encyc.
2. A fen producing peat. ure of eight quarts; as a peck of wheat or PEC€ULA’TION, n. The act, practice or
PEB/BLE, [Sax. pabob, papol- oats. crime of defrauding the public by appro-
PEB/BLESTONE, ,™ Stana.| In popular 2. In low language, a great deal; as, to be priating to one’s own use the money or
usage, a roundish stone of any kind from in a peck of troubles. Qu. pack. goods entrusted to one’s care for manage-
the size of anut to that of a man’s head. PECK, v. t. [It. beccare; Sp. picar; Fr. ment or disbursement; embezzlement of
In a philosophical sense, minerals distin- becqueter ; D. piken; G. picken; Dan. public money or goods.
guished from flints by their variety of col- pikker. This verb is connected with the PE€/ULATOR, n. [L.] One that defrauds
ors, consisting of crystaline matter debas- nouns beak and pike.] the public by appropriating to his own
ed by earths of various kinds, with veins, 1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the use money entrusted to his care.
clouds and other variegations, formed by beak into, as a bird that pecks a hole in a PECULIAR, a. [L. peculiaris, from peculi-
incrustation round a central nucleus, but tree. Hey one’s own property, from pecus, cat-
sometimes the effect of a simple concre- 2. To strike with a pointed instrument, or to tle.
tion. Pebbles are much used in the pave- delve or dig with any thing pointed, as 1. Appropriate ;belonging to a person and
ment of streets. Encye. with a pick-ax. Carew. to him only. Almost every writer has a
A general term for water-worn mine- 3. To pick up food with the beak. Dryden. peculiar style. Most men have manners
rals. D. Olmsted. 4. To strike with small and repeated blows; peculiar to themselves.
PEB/BLE-€RYSTAL, n. Acrystal in form to strike in a manner to make small im- 2. Singular; particular. The man has some-
of nodules, found in earthy stratums and pressions. In this sense, the verb is gen- thing peculiar in his deportment.
irregular in shape. Woodward. erally intransitive. We say, to peck at. 3. Particular ; special.
PEB’BLED, a. Abounding with pebbles. South. My fate is Juno’s most peculiar care.
Thomson. [This verb and pick are radically the Dryden.
PEB/BLY, a. Full of pebbles; abounding same.| {Most cannot, in striet propriety, be pre-
with small roundish stones. PECK’ED, pp. Struck or penetrated witha fixed to peculiar, but it is used to give em-
PEC/ARY, A quadruped of Mexico, phasis to the word. ]
beak or pointed instrument.
PEC’cARY, f ‘in general appearance re- 4. Belonging to a nation, system or other
PECK’ER, n. One that pecks; a bird that thing, and not to others.
sembling a hog, but its body is less bulky, pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.
its legs shorter, and its bristles thicker PECULIAR, n. Exclusive property; that
Dryden. which belongs to a person in exclusion of
and stronger, like the quills of the porcu-
pine. Its color is black and white, and it PECK/ING, ppr. Striking with the bill; others. Milton.
has on the hind part of the back a protu- thrusting the beak into; thrusting into 2. In the canon law, a particular parish or
berance like the navel of other animals,
with a pointed instrument; taking up food) ehurch which has the probate of wills
with the beak. within itself, exempt from the jurisdiction
with an orifice from which issues a liquor
of a very strong scent. Dict. Nat. Mist. | PECKLED, for speckled, not used. Walton.| of the ordinary or bishop’s court.
PECCABILITY, n. [from peccable.] State PE€’TINAL, a. [L. pecten, a comb; pecto, Encye.
of being subject to sin; capacity of sin- to comb, Gr. zexzew, from exw.) Per- Court of peculiars, in England, is a branch
ning. Decay of Piety. taining to a comb ; resembling a comb, of the court of arches. It has jurisdic-
PE€/€CABLE, a. [from L. pecco, Ir. pea- PE€’TINAL, n. A fish whose bones resem- tion over allthe parishes dispersed through
chadh ; W. pec, pecawd, sin ; pecu, to sin, Fr. ble the teeth of a comb. Brown. the province of Canterbury, in the midst
pecher, It. peccare, Sp. pecar.] of other dioceses, whieh are exempt from
PEC’TINATE, 2? {from L. pecten, a the ordinary jurisdiction, and subject to
Liable to sin; subject to transgress the di- PE€’TINATED, § “* comb.] Having re-
vine law. Priestley. the metropolitan only. Blackstone.
semblance to the teeth of a comb. In PECULIARITY, n. Something peculiarto
PECCADIL/LO, n. [Sp. din. from pecado, botany, a pectinate leaf is a sort of pinnate; a person or thing; that which belongs to
L. peccatum; Fr. peccadille. See Pecca- leaf, in which the leaflets are toothed like or is found in one person or thing and in
blet a comb. Martyn. no other; as a peculiarity of style or man-
1. A slight trespass or offense; a petty A mineral is pectinated, when it presents ner of thinking ; peculiarity in dress.
crime or fault. Dryden. short filaments, crystalsorbranches, near-| PECU’LIARIZE, v. t. To appropriate; to
2. A sort of stiff ruff. B. Taylor. ly parallel and equidistant. Phillips.| make peculiar. Smith.
PEC’/CANCY, n. [from peccant.] Bad qual- PE€TINA/TION, n. The state of being! PECU’LIARLY, adv. Particularly ; singly.
ity ; as the peccancy of the humors. pectinated. Woodward.
Wiseman. 2. A combing ; the combing ofthe head. 2. In a manner not common to others.
2. Offense. Mountague. 3}
ye. Drayton.
 PED PED PEE
PE€U'LIARNESS, n. The state of being leaf is one in which a bifid petiole con-| the ordonances, finishes the fronts ofbuild-
peculiar ;appropriation. [Little ae nects several leaflets on the inside only. ings and serves as a decoration over gates,
ede. Martyn. windows and niches. It is of two forms,
PECUNIARY, a. [Fr. It. pe- PED/‘ATIFID, a. [L. pes, foot, and findo,
pecuniaire; triangular and circular. A pediment is
cuniale; L. pecuniarius, from pecunia, to divide.] properly the representation of the roof.
money, from pecus, cattle.] : A pedatifid leaf, in botany, is one whose Encye.
1. Relating to money; as pecuniary affairs parts are not entirely separate, but con- PED’LER, n. [from peddle, to sell by tray-
or losses. nected like the toes of a water-fowl. eling ; or from L. pes, pedis, the foot.]
2. Consisting of money; as a pecuniary Martyn. A traveling foot-trader; one that carries
mulct or penalty. Bacon. PED’DLE, v. 7. {perhaps from the root of about small commodities on his back, or
PEeU’/NIOUS, a. Full of money. — [Not petty, W. pitw, Fr. petit, small.) To be in a cart or wagon, and sells them.
used. | Sherwood. busy about trifles. Spenser. Swift.
PED, xn. [for pad.] A small pack-saddle. 2. To travel about the country and retail PED’/LERESS, n. A female pedler.
Tusser. goods. He peddles for a living. Overbury.
2, A basket; a hamper. Spenser. PED/DLE, v. t. To sell or retail, usually by PED’LERY, xn. Small wares sold or carried
PEDAGOG’'TE, [from pedagogue. | traveling about the country. about for sale by pedlers.
PEDAGOGI€AL,§™ Suiting or belong-| \PED‘DLING, ppr. Traveling about and PEDOBAP’TISM, n. [Gr. xtars, mardos, a
ing to a teacher of children or to a peda- selling small wares. child, and Sanrcoua, baptism.] The bap-
ogue. 2. a. Trifling ; unimportant. tism of infants or of children.
PED/AGOGISM, xn. The business, charac- PED‘ERAST, 2. (Gr. racdepasys, from mous, a PEDOBAP’TIST, n. One that holds to in-
ter or manners of a pedagogue. boy, and epas, love.} A sodomite. Encyc. fant baptism ; one that practices the bap-
PEDAGOGUE, 2. ped/agog. (Gr. nardayo- PEDERAS'TI¢€, a. Pertaining to pederas- tism of children. Most denominations of
yos; macs, a child, and ayw, to lead.]} ty. christians are pedobaptists.
1. A teacher of children; one whose ocecu- PED’ERASTY, n. Sodomy; the crime PEDOMETER, n. [L. pes, the foot, anil
pation is to instruct young children; a | against nature. Gr. werpoy, measure. ]
schoolmaster. /PEDERE’RO, n. [Sp. pedrero, from piedra,| An instrument by which paces are number-
2. A pedant. astone, L. petra, Gr. metpos; so named ed as a person walks, and the distance
PED’/AGOGUE, v., t. To teach with the air from the use of stones in the charge, be- from place to place ascertained. It also
of apedagogue; to instruct superciliously. fore the invention of iron balls.] A swiv- marks the revolutions of wheels. This is
Prior. el gun; sometimes written paterero. done by means of wheels with teeth and
PED/AGOGY, n. Instruction in the first PED/ESTAL, n. [Sp. pedestal; It. piede- a chain or string fastened to the foot or to
rudiments; preparatory discipline. stallo: Fr. piedestal ; L. pes, the foot, and the wheel of a carriage ; the wheels ad-
South. Teut. stall; G. stellen, to set.] vancing a notch at every step or at every
PE/DAL, a. [L. pedalis, from pes, pedis, In architecture, the lowest part of a column revolution of the carriage wheel. Encyc.
foot.] Pertaining to a foot. or pillar ; the part which sustains acolumn PEDOMET’RICAL, a. Pertaining to or
PED’AL, n. One of the large pipes of an or serves as its foot. It consists of three measured by a pedometer.
organ, so called because played and stop- parts, the base, the die and the cornice. PEDUN’€LE, n. [L. pes, the foot.] In bota-
ped with the foot. Encyc.| Addison. Encye.! ny, the stem or stalk that supports the
2. A fixed or stationary base. Busby PEDES'TRIAL, a. [L. pedestris.] Per- fructification of a plant, and ofcourse the
PED’/AL-NOTE, n. In music, a holding- taining to the foot. Moseley. fruit. Martyn.
note. Busby.| |PEDES’TRIAN, a. [L. pedestris, from pes, PEDUN’€ULAR, a. Pertaining to a pedun-
PEDA‘NEOUS, a. [L. pedaneus, from pes, the foot.] cle ; growing from a peduncle ; as a pedun-
the foot.) Going on foot; walking. Going on foot; walking; made on foot; as cular tendril. Martyr.
Dict. a pedestrian journey. PEDUN’€ULATE, a. Growingon a pedun-
PED/ANT, n. [Fr. pedant: It. Sp. Port. |PEDES’TRIAN, n. One that walks or) cle ; as a pedunculate flower.
pedante. See Pedagogue.] journeys on foot. PEE, v. 7 To look with one eye. [Not
1. A schoolmaster. Shak. 2. One that walks for a wager; a remarka- used. Ray.
2. A person who makesa vain display of his bie walker. PEED, a. Blind of one eye. [.Vot used.]
learning. ; Addison. PEDES’‘TRIOUS, a. Going on foot; not ' Ray.
winged. Brown. PEEK, in our popular dialect, is the same
PEDANT‘I€, ,A Ostentatious oflearn-
PEDANT ICAL, §* ing; vainly display- \PED'ICEL, [L. pediculus, from pes, the as peep, to look through a crevice.
ing or making a show of knowledge; ap-
PED/ICLE, §”™ foot.] In botany, the ulti- PEEL, v. t. [Fr. peler, piller; Sp. pelar, pil-
plied to persons or things; as a pedantic mate division of acommon peduncle; the
| stalk that supports one flower only when| lar; Port. pelar, pilhar; It. pigliare; L.
writer or scholar ; a pedantic description pilo, to pull off hair and to pillage; Arm.
or expression. | there are several on a peduncle. Martyn.)
|PED'ICELLATE, a. Having a pedicel, or} pilha; W. piliaw, to take off the surface
PEDANT'ICALLY, adv. With a vain or! supported by a pedicel. | orrind. The first verb peler, pelar, seems
boastful display of learning. PEDIe/ULAR, [L. pedicularis, from) to be formed from L. pilus, the hair. The
PED/ANTIZE, v. i. To play the pedant;| PEDI¢/ULOUS, f* pediculus, a louse.] Eng. peel is therefore from the other verb.
to domineer over lads; to use pedantic Lousy ; having the lousy distemper. See Pill. Class Bl. No. 32. 44. 51.)
expressions. Cotgrave. PEDIGREE, x. [probably from L. pes, . To strip off skin, bark or rind without
pedis, foot, like D.. stam, G. stamm, stem, a cutting instrument; to strip by drawing
PED/ANTRY, n. [Fr. pedanterie.] Vain or tearing off the skin; to bark; to flay;
ostentation of learning ; a boastful display stock, degree. |
‘1. Lineage; line of ancestors from which a to decorticate. When a knife is used, we
of knowledge ofany kind. callit paring. Thus we say, to peel atree,
Horace has enticed me into this pedantry of person or tribe descends ; genealogy.
to peel an orange; but we say, to pare an
quotation. Cowley. Alterations of surnames—have obscured the apple, to pore land.
Pedantry is the unseasonable ostentation of| truth of our pedigrees. Camden.
2. An account or register of a line of ances- 2. In @ general sense, to remove the skin,
learning. Rambler. bark or rind, even with an instrument.
PEDA/RIAN, n. A Roman senator who! tors.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their 3. Tostrip; to plunder; to pillage; as, to
gave his vote by the feet, that is. by walk-| several tribes. Atterbury. peel a province or conquered people.
ing over to the side he espoused, in divis- PED/ILUVY, x. [L. pes, foot, and Lavo, to Milton. Dryden.
ions of the senate. Encye. wash.] The bathing of the feet; a bath PEEL, n. [L. pellis, Fr. peau, G. fell, D.
PED‘/ATE, a. [L. pedatus, from pes, the} for the feet. vel, skin ; from peeling]
foot. PED IMENT, xn. [from L. pes, the foot.] The skin or rind of any thing; as the peel of
In botany, divided like the toes. A pedate| Jn architecture, an ornament that crowns an orange.
 PEE PEK PEL
PEEL, n. [Fr. pelle; L. Sp. It. pala; W. PEE/RAGE, n. [See Peer, an equal.] The} PEL’AGE, n. [Fr. from L. pilus, hair.] The
pal; probably from thrusting, throwing, rank or dignity of apeer or nobleman. vesture or covering of wild beasts, con-
L. pello, Gr. Barrw, like Eng. shovel, from Blackstone. sisting of hair, fur or wool. Bacon.
shove ; or from spreading. | 2. The body of peers. Dryden. PELA/GIAN, [{L. pelagus, the sea.]
A kind of wooden shovel used by bakers, PEE/RDOM, n. Peerage. [,Not used.] PEL/AGI€, Pertaining to the sea;
with a broad palm and long handle; PEE’RESS, n. The consort of a peer; a as pelagian shells. Journ. of Science.
hence, in popular use in America, any PELA’GIAN, n. [from Pelagius, a native of
noble lady. Pope. Great Britain, who lived in the fourth cen-
large fire-shovel. PEE/RLESS, a. Unequaled; having no
PEE’LED, pp. Stripped of skin, bark or tury. |
peer or equal; as peerless beauty or majes- A follower of Pelagius, a monk of Banchor
rind; plundered ; pillaged. ty. Dryden.
PEE’LER, 2a. One that peels, strips or flays. or Bangor, who denied original sin, and
2. A plunderer; a pillager. PEE/RLESSLY, adv. Without an equal. asserted the doctrine of free will and the
PEE’LING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark ; PEE/RLESSNESS, n. The state of having merit of good works. Bp. Hall.
plundering. no equal. PELA‘GIAN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius and
PEEP, v. 7. [Ir. piobam, to pipe, to peep; PEE‘VISH, a. [In Scot. pew is to complain his doctrines. South.
D. piepen, to pipe, to chirp; G. pfeifen; or mutter. It is probably a contracted PELA/‘GIANISM, n. The doctrines of Pe-
Sw. pipa; Dan. piper, pipper; L. prpio. word, and perhaps from the root of pet, lagius. South.
The primary sense is te open or to shoot, petulant.| PELP, n. [probably allied to pilfer.] Money;
to thrust out or forth ;Dan. pipper frem, to 1. Fretful; petulant; apt to mutter and riches; but it often conveys the idea of
sprout, to bud. This coincides with pipe, complain; easily vexed or fretted ;queru- something ill gotten or worthless. It has
Jife, &c., Heb. 33° to ery out, Abib, &c.] lous; hard to please. no plural.
1. To begin to appear; to make the first ap- She is peevish, sullen, froward. Shak.
PEL‘ICAN, n. [Low L. pelicanus ; Gr. men-
pearance ; to issue or come forth from 2. Expressing discontent and fretfulness. exay ; Fr. pelican.)
concealment, as through a narrow ave- 1. A fowl of the genus Pelicanus. It is lar-
I will not presume ger than the swan, and remarkable for its
nue. To send such peevish tokens to a king.
I can see his pride Shak. enormous bill, to the lower edges of the
Peep through each part of him. Shak. under chop of which is attached a pouch
3. Silly; childish. Shak. or bag, capable of being distended so as
When flowers first peeped— Dryden.
2, To look through a crevice; to look nar- PEE’VISHLY, adv. Fretfully ; petulantly ; to hold many quarts of water. In this bag
rowly, closely or slyly. with discontent and murmuring. the fowl deposits the fish it takes for food.
A fool will peep in at the door. Ecclus. Hayward. Encyc.
Thou art a maid and must not peep. Prior. PEE’VISHNESS, vn. Fretfulness; petu- 2. A chimical glass vessel or alembic with a
3. To ery, as chickens; to utter a fine shrill \ lance; disposition to murmur; sourness tubulated capital, from which two oppo-
sound, as through a crevice; usually writ- of temper; as childish peevishness. site and crooked beaks pass out and enter
ten pip, but without reason, as it is the When peevishness and spleen succeed. again at the belly of the cucurbit. It is
same word as is here defined, and in Swift. designed for continued distillation and co-
America is usually pronounced peep. PEG, n. [This is probably from the root of, hobation; the volatile parts of the sub-
PEEP, n. First appearance; as the peep of| L. pango, pactus, Gr. anyvvuc; denoting stance distilling, rising into the capital and
day. that which fastens, or allied to beak and returning through the beaks into the cu-
2. nals look, or a look through a crevice. picket.] curbit. Nicholson.
; Swift -\1. A small pointed piece of wood used in PE/LIOM, n. [Gr. mercoua, black color.] A
3. The cry ofa chicken. fastening boards or other work of wood, mineral, a variety ofiolite. | Cleaveland.
PEE’PER, n. A chicken just breaking the &c. It does the office of a nail. The PELISSE, n. pelee’s. [Fr. from L. pellis,
shell. Bramston. word is applied only to small pieces of skin. ;
2. In familiar language, the eye. wood pointed ; to the larger pieces thus Originally, a furred robe or coat. But the
PEE’/P-HOLE, A hole or crevice pointed we give the name of pins, and name is now given to a silk coat or habit
PEE’PING-HOLE, ,™ through which one pins in ship carpentry are called tree-nails worn by ladies.
may peep or look without being discover- or trenails. Coxe, in his travels in Russia, PELL, n. [L. pellis, It. pelle, a skin.] A
ed. speaks of poles or beams fastened into the skin or hide.
PEER, n. [Fr. pair; L. par; It. pari; Sp. ground with pegs. Clerk of the pells, in England, an officer of the
par. See Pair.] 2. The pins of an instrument on which the exchequer, who enters every teller’s bill
J. An equal; one of thesame rank. A man strings are strained. Shak. on the parchment rolls, the rollof receipts
may be familiar with his peers. 3. A nickname for Margaret. and the roll of disbursements.
9. An equal in excellence or endowments. To take a peg lower, to depress ; to lower. PEL’LET, n. [Fr. pelote; W. pellen, from
In song he never had his peer. Dryden. Hudibras. L. pila, a ball, It. palla.} A little ball; as
3. A companion ; a fellow ; an associate. PEG, v. t. To fasten with pegs. Evelyn. a pellet of wax or lint. Bacon. Wiseman.
He all his peers in beauty did surpass. PEG’GER, n. One that fastens with pegs. 2. A bullet; a ball for fire-arms. [{JVot now
Spenser. Sherwood. used. | Bacon. Ray.
4, A nobleman ; as a peer of the realm; the PEGM, n. pem. [Gr. xnyua.] A sortof mov- PEL’LETED, a. Consisting of bullets.
house of peers, so called because noble- ing machine in the old pageants. Shak.
men and barons were originally consider- B. Jonson. PEL/LICLE, x. [L. pellicula, dim. of pellis,
ed as the companions of the king, like L. PEG/MATITE, n. Primitive granitic rock, skin.] A thin skin or film. Sharp. Encyc.
comes, count. In England, persons be- composed essentially of lamellar feldspar 2. Among chimists, a thin saline crust form-
longing to the five degrees of nobility are and quartz; frequently with a mixture of| ed on the surface of a solution of salt
all peers. mica. In it are found kaolin, tin tour- evaporated to a certain degree. This pel-
PEER, v. i. [L. pareo; Norm. perer. See malin, beryl, aqua marina, tantale, schee- licle consists of saline particles erystalized.
Appear. | lin and other valuable minerals. Dict. Encyc, Nicholson.
1. To come just insight; to appear; a poetic PEIRAS’TI¢, a. (Gr. zecpagexos, from zec- PEL‘LITORY, xn. [Sp. pelztre ;corrupted
word. paw, to strain, to attempt.) Attempting; perhaps from L. parietaria, the wall plant,
So honor peereth inthe meanest habit. making trial.
Shak. from paries.|
See how his gorget peers above his gown. 2. Treating of or representing trials or at- The name of several plants ofdifferent gen-
B. Jonson. tempts; as the peirastic dialogues of Plato. era. The pellitory of the wall or common
Enjield. pellitory is of the genus Parietaria; the
2, To look narrowly; to peep; as the peer-
ing day. Milton. PEISE. [See Poise.] bastard pellitory of the genus Achillea;
Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. PEK/AN, n. A species of weasel. and the pellitory of Spain is the Anthemis
Shak. Buffon. Pennant. pyrethrum. Lee. Parr.
 PEN PEN PEN
PEN, n. (Sax. pinan, to press, or pyndan, to|\2. Radiated ; having pencils of rays.
PELL’-MELL, adv. With confused violence. pound or shut up; both probably from PEN’CILING, ppr. Painting, drawing or
Shak. Hudibras.
one root.| marking with a pencil.
PELLU‘CID, a. [L. pellucidus ; per and lu- A small inclosure for beasts, as for cows or
cidus ; very bright. See Light.] PEN’CIL-SHAPED, a. Having the shape
transpar ent ; not opake ; as sheep. of a pencil.
Perfectly clear;
a body as pellucid as crystal. Woodward.| PEN, v. ¢. pret. and pp. penned or pent. 'To PEND/ANT, n. [Fr. from L. pendeo, to
fect clearness ; shut in a pen; to confine in a small inclo- hang,or Sp. pendon. See Pennon.]
he en. ESSey 3 as| Sure; to coop; to confine in a narrow} 1. An ornament or jewel hanging at the ear,
the10) BENE
pellucidity J of the air;i theLocke.
pellucidness place ;usually followed byBoyle.up, which is usually composed of pearl or some pre-
Keil. redundant. Milton. cious stone. Pope.
PELT’s. [G pelz ;Sp. pelada ;L. pellis. PE/NAL, a. [Fr. Sp. id. ; It. penale; from 2. Any thing hanging by way of ornament.
> nl. . 4 e
L. pena, Gr. xown, pain, punishment. See Waller.
See Fell.] ! i : Pain.| 3. In heraldry, a part hanging from the label,
1. The skin of a beast with the hair on it; 1, Enacting punishment ; denouncing the resembling the drops in the Doric frieze.
a raw hide. Brown.
punishment of offenses ; as a penal law or Enoyc.
2. The quarry of ahawk all torn. statute; the penal code. Penal statutes 4, A streamer; a small flag or long narrow
Ainsworth.
must be construed strictly. Blackstone. banner displayed from a ship’s mast head,
3. A blow or stroke from something thrown. 2. Inflicting punishment.
infra.| usually terminating in two points called
PELT, v. ¢. [Fr. peloter, from pelote, a bali; Adamantine chains and penal fire. Milton.| the swallow’s tail. It denotes that a ship
or contracted trom pellet. In Sw. bulta)3. Incurring punishment; subject to a pen- is in actual service. The broad pendant
is to beat. The word is from F'r. pelote, a alty; as a penal act or offense. is used to distinguish the chiefof a squad-
little ball, or from L. pello, Gr. 30220.) _ PENALTY, x. Liableness or condemna-| ron. Mar. Dict.
1. Properly, to strike with something) tion to punishment. [.Vot used.] . A short piece of rope fixed on each side
thrown, driven or falling; as, to pelé with Brown. under the shrouds, on the heads of the
stones; pelted with hail. PEN’ALTY, x. [It. penaliti ;Sp. penali-| main and fore-mast, having an iron thim-
The chiding billows seem to pelt the clouds. dad. See Penal.] ble to receive the hooks of the tackle.
Shak.|) He The suffering in person or property, Mar, Dict.
2. To drive by throwing something. which is annexed by law or judicial de-| There are many other pendants consist-
Atterbury. cision to the commission of a crime, of-| ing of a rope or ropes, to whose lower ex-
PELT’ATE, [L. pelta, a target.} In fense or trespass, as a punishment. A) tremity is attached a block or tackle. The
PELT’ATED, § “ botany, baving the shape fine is a pecuniary penalty. The usual rudder-pendant is a rope made fast to the
of a target or round shield, as a peltate penalties inflicted on the person, are whip- rudder by a chain, to prevent the loss of
stigma; having the petiole inserted in the ping, cropping, branding, imprisonment, the rudder when unshipped. = Mar. Dict.
disk, as a peltate leaf. Martyn. hard labor, transportation or death. 6. A pendulum. [.Vot used.) Dighy.
PELT’/ATELY, adv. In the form of a tar-|| 2. The suffering to which a person subjects PEND‘ENCE, vz. [L. pendens, pendeo, to
get. Eaton. himself by covenant or agreement, in case hang.| Slope; inclination, Wotton.
PELTED, pp. Struck with something) of non-fulfillment of his stipulations ; the PEND/ENCY, n. [L. pendens, pendeo, su-
thrown or driven. forfeiture or sum to be forfeited for non-! pra.]
PELT’ER, n. One that pelts; also, a pinch- payment, or for non-compliance with an Suspense ; the state of being undecided ; as,
enny ; amean, sordid person. Huloet.| agreement; as the penalty of a bond. to wait during the pendency of a suit or
PELT‘ING, ppr. Striking with something PEN/ANCE, n. [Sp. penante, from penar, It.|| petition.
thrown or driven. | penare, to suffer pain. See Pain.| IPEND/ENT, a. [L. pendens.| Hanging;
PELT'ING, n. An assault with any thing jl. The suffering, labor or pain to which a fastened at one end, the other being
thrown. Shak.|| person voluntarily subjects himself, or loose.
PELT’ING, a. In Shakspeare, mean ; pal-| which is imposed on him by authority as With ribbons pendent, flaring about her head.
try. [Improper.} a punishment for his faults, or as an ae Shak.
PELT’-MONGER, x. A dealer in pelts or pression of penitence ; such as fasting, 2. Jutting over; projecting; as a pendant
raw hides. flagellation, wearing chains, &c. Penance) rock. Shak.
PEL’TRY, x. [from pelf, a skin.] The skins is one of the seven sacraments of the Ro-) 3. Supported above the ground. Milton.
of animals producing fur; skins in gene- mish church. Encyc. PENDING, a. [L. pendeo, to hang; pen-
ral, with the fur on them; furs in general. 2. Repentance. dente lite.]
Smollett. PENCE, n. pens. The plural of penny, when|| Depending ; remaining undecided; not ter-
PELVIM’ETER, n. [L. pelvis and Gr. used of a sum of money or value. When minated. This was done, pending the
Merpov, measure. | | pieces of coin are mentioned, we use pen- suit.
An instrument to measure the dimensions of, nies. PENDULOS’ITY, ~ [See Pendulous.]
the female pelvis. Coxe. PEN’CIL, n. [Fr. pinceau ; Sp. pincel ; L. PEND’/ULOUSNESS, ‘The state of
PELVIS, n. [L. pelvis, a bason.] The cavi- penicillus. | hanging ; suspension. [The latter is the
ty of the body formed by the os sacrum,)| 1. A small brush used by painters for laying, preferable word.}
os coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming on colors. The proper pencils are made, PEND‘ULOUS, a. (L. pendulus, from pen-
the lower part of the abdomen. of fine hair or bristles, as of camels, badg-) deo, to hang.)
PEN, n. [L. penna; Sax. pinn; D. pen; It. ers or squirrels, or of the down of swans,| Hanging ; swinging ; fastened at one end,
penna, afether, a pen, and atop; W. pen, inclosed in a quill. The larger pencils,| the other being movable. The dewlap of
top, summit, head ; Ir. beann, beinn, writ- made of swine’s bristles, are called brushes., an animal is pendulous.
ten also ben. The Celtic nations called Encye. PEND/ULUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendulum. |
the peak of amountain, ben or pen. Hence! . A pen formed of carburet ofiron or plum- A vibrating body suspended from a fixed
the name Apennine, applied to the moun-|| bago, black lead or red chalk, with a point point; as the pendulum of a clock. The
tains of Italy. It may belong to the same| at one end, used for writing and drawing. oscillations of apendulum depend on grav-
root as L. pinna, a fin, that is, a shoot or Encyce. ity, and are always performed in nearly
point.] 3. Any instrument of writing without ink. equal times, supposing the length of the
ne. An instrument used for writing, usually Johnson. pendulum and the gravity to remain the
made of the quill of some large fowl, but |4. An aggregate or collection of rays of light. same.
it may be of any other material. |PEN'CIL, v. t. To paint or draw; to write) PENETRABIL'ITY, n. [from penetrable.]
2. A fether; a wing. [Not used.] Spenser.|| or mark with a pencil. Shak. Harte. Susceptibility of being penetrated, or ofbe-
PEN, v.t. pret. and pp. penned. To write; to|| PEN’CILED, pp. Painted, drawn or mark-| ingentered or passed through by another
compose and commit to paper. Addison.| ed with a pencil. \| ody.
 PEN P-EN PEN
There being no mean between penetrability || 1. A genus of fowls of the order of Palmi- Proceeding from or expressing penitence or
and impenetrability. Cheyne. peds. The penguin is an aquatic fowl contrition of heart; as penitential sorrow
PEN’‘ETRABLE, a. [Fr. from L. penetrabi- with very short legs, with four toes, three, or tears. South.
lis. See Penetrate.] of which are webbed ; the body is clothed| PENITEN’TIAL, x. Among the Roman-
1. That may be penetrated, entered or pierc- with short fethers, set as compactly as the! ists, a book containing the rules which re-
ed by another body. scales of a fish; the wings are small like) late to penance and the reconciliation of
Let him try thy dart, fins, and covered with short scale-like feth-| penitents. Encyce.
And pierce his only penetrable part. ers, so that they are useless in flight. Pen-| PENITEN’TIARY,
Dryden. a. Relating to pen-
guins seldom go on shore, except in the ance, or to the rules and measures of pen-
2. Susceptible of moral or intellectual im- season of breeding, when they burrow like) ance.
pression. Bramhall.
rabbits. On land they stand erect; they) PENITEN’TIARY, n. One that prescribes
Lam not made of stone, are tame and may be driven like a flock
But penetrable to your kind entreaties. the rules and measures of penance.
Shak. of sheep. In water they swim with rapid- Bacon. Ayliffe.
PEN’ETRAIL, n. [L. penetralia.| Interior ity, being assisted by their wings. These 2. A penitent ; one that does penance.
parts. [Vol used.] Harvey. fowls are found only in the southern lati- Hammond.
tudes. Encye. 3. At the court of Rome, an office in which
PEN’ETRANCY, xn. [L. penetrans.] Power 2. A species of fruit. Miller.
of entering or piercing; as the penetrancy PEN‘ICIL, n. [L. penicillus. See Pencil.}) are examined and delivered out the secret
of subtil effluvia. Ray.|| \l. Among physicians, a tent or pledget for| bulls, graces or dispensations relating to
cases of conscience, confession, &c.
PEN‘ETRANT, a. [L. penetrans.] Having wounds or ulcers. Encyc.
the power to enter or pierce ; sharp; sub- 2. A species of shell.
4. An officer in some cathedrals, vested with
til; as penetrant spirit ; food subtilized PENIN’SULA, n. [L. pene, almost, and in- power from the bishop to absolve in cases
and rendered fluid and penetrant. sula, an isle; It. penesolo.}
Boyle. Ray. '1. A portion of land, connected with a con- reserved to him. The pope hasa grand
penitentiary, who is a cardinal and is chief
PEN’/ETRATE, v. t. [L. penetro, from the tinent by a narrow neck or isthmus, but of the other penitentiaries. Encyc.
root of pen, a point.| nearly surrounded with water. Thus . A house of correction in which offenders
1. To enter or pierce ;to make way into an- Boston stands on a peninsula.
other body ; as, a sword or dart penetrates 2. A large extent of country joining the,
are confined for punishment and reforma-
tion, and compelled to labor; a work-
the body ; oil penetrates wood ; marrow, main land by a part narrower than the house. A state prison is a penitentiary.
the most penetrating of oily substances. tract itself. Thus Spain and Portugalare
Arbuthnot. said to be situated on a peninsula. PENITENTLY, adv. With penitence ;
2. To affect the mind; to cause to feel. I PENIN’SULAR, a. In the form or state of, with repentance, sorrow or contrition for
am penetrated with a lively sense of your a peninsula; pertaining to a peninsula. sin.
generosity. \PENIN’SULATE, v. t. To encompass al-| PEN’/KNIFE, n. [See Pen and Knife.} A
3. To reach by the intellect ; to understand ; most with water ; to form a peninsula. small knife used for making and mending
as, to penetrate the meaning or design o South river peninsulates Castle hill farm, pens.
any thing. | and at high tides, surrounds it. PEN’MAN, n. plu. penmen. [See Pen and
4. To enter; to passinto the interior; as, to Bentley’s Hist. Coll. Man.|
penetrate a country. PENIN‘SULATED, pp. Almost surround- 1. A man that professes or teaches the art
PENETRATE, v.i. To pass; to make ed with water. of writing. More generally,
way. {PENIN/SULATING, ppr. Nearly surround- 2. One that writes a good hand.
Born where heaven’s influence scarce can ing with water. 3. An author; a writer; as the sacred pen-
penetrate. Pope. PEN’ITENCE, tn [Fr. penitence, from L.| men. Addison.
2. To make way intellectually. He had not \PENITENCY, * penitentia, from peni- PEN/MANSHIP, n. The use of the pen in
penetrated into the designs of the prince. teo, from pena, pain, punishment. See} writing ; the art of writing.
PENETRATED, pp. Entered ; pierced; Pain.) 2. Manner of writing ;as good or bad pen-
understood ; fathomed. Repentance; pain; sorrow or grief ofheart) manship. ;
PEN’NACHED, a. [Fr. pennaché or pana-
PEN‘ETRATING, ppr. Entering ; piercing ; for sins or offenses; contrition. Real pen-| ché, from panache, a plume or bunch of
understanding. itence springs from a conviction of guilt)
and ingratitude to God, and is followed| fethers. |
2. a. Having the power of entering or pierc- Radiated ; diversified with natural stripes
ing another body; sharp; subtil. Oil is by amendment of life.
PEN ITENT, a. [Fr. from L. penitens.] of various colors; as a flower. [Little
a penetrating substance. used. | Evelyn.
3. Acute; discerning ; quick to understand ; Suffering pain or sorrow of heart on ac- PEN’NANT, [F'r. fanion, pennon; It.
as a penetrating mind. count of sins, crimes or offenses ; contrite ;
sincerely affected by a sense of guilt and PEN’NON, en. pennone ; Sp. pendon ; W.
PENETRA/TION, n. The act of entering resolving on amendment of life. penwn; Goth. fana; L. pannus, a cloth.}
a body. Milton. The proud he tam’d, the penitent he cheer’d. 1. A small flag ; a banner. [See Pendant.]
2. Mental entrance into any thing abstruse ; Dryden. 2. A tackle for hoisting things on board a
as a penetration into the abstruse difficul- PEN'TENT. n. One that repents of sin; ship. Ainsworth.
ties of algebra. Watts. one sorrowful on account of his transgres- PEN’NATE, [L. pennatus, winged,
3. Acuteness; sagacity; as a man of great sions. PEN/NATED, §“ trom penna, a quill or
or nice penetration. 2. One under church censure, but admitted wing.]
PEN ETRATIVE, a. Piercing ; sharp ; to penance. Stilling fleet. 1. Winged.
subtil. 3. One under the direction ofa confessor. 2. In botany, a pennate leaf is a compound
Let not air be too gross nor too penetrative. Penitents is an appellation given to certain) leaf in which a simple petiole has several
Wotton. fraternities in catholic countries, distin-| leaflets attached to each side of it. [See
2. Acute; sagacious; discerning; as pene- guished by their habits and employed in) Pinnate. |
trative wisdom. Swift. charitable acts. Encyc. PEN'NED, pp. Written.
3. Having the power to affect or impress the | Order of penitents, a religious order establish- PEN'NED, a. Winged ; having plumes.
mind ; as penetrative shame. Shak. ed by one Bernard of Marseilles, about Huloet.
PEN/ETRATIVENESS, n. The quality of the year 1272, for the reception of re- PEN‘NER, n. A writer.
being penetrative. formed courtezans. The congregation of 2. A pen-case. [Local.] Ainsworth.
PEN’FISH, n. A kind of eelpout with a penitents at Paris, was founded with a sim-, PEN’NIFORM, a. [L. penna, a fether or
smooth skin. Dict. Nat. Hist. ilar view. Encyc.| quill, and form.]}
PEN/GUIN, n. [W. pen, head, and gwyn, PENITEN’TIAL, a. [Fr. penitentiel ; It. Having the form of a quill or fether.
white ; or L. pingurdine, with fatness.] penitenziale.| | Encyc.
 PEN PEN PEN
PEN'NILESS, a. [from penny.] Moneyless;\6. A certain sum of money paid to a clergy- \1. An instrument of music with five strings.
destitute of money ; poor. Arbuthnot. man in lieu oftithes. Cyc. \2. An order or system offive sounds.
PENNING, ppr. Committing to writing. 7. An allowance or annual payment, con- Busby.
PENNON, [See Pennant.] s sidered in the light ofa bribe. PEN’TA€O€ECOUS, a. [Gr. xevze, five, and
PEN'NY, n. plu. pennies or pence. Pennies PENSION, v. t. To grant a pension to; to L. coccus, a berry.]
denotes the number of coins; pence the grant an annual allowance from the pub- Having or containing five grains or seeds, or
amount of pennies in value. [Sax.penig ; lic treasury to a person for past services, having five united cells with one seed in
D. Sw. penning ; G. pfennig ;Dan. penge, or on account of disability incurred in pub- each. Martyn.
money. } : lic service, or of old age. PEN’TA€OSTER, n. [Gr.] In _ ancient
i . An ancient English silver coin ; but now PEN'SIONARY, a. Maintained by a pen- Greece, a military officer commanding fifty
an imaginary money of account, twelve o sion ; receiving a pension; as pensionary men ; but the number varied. Mitford.
which are equal to a shilling. It is the spies. Donne. PEN’TACOSTYS, n. [Gr.] A body offifty
radical denomination from which Eng- 2. Consisting in a pension; as a pensionary soldiers; but the number varied.
lish coin is numbered. Johnson. provision for maintenance. Mitford.
9~ In ancient English statutes, any or all PEN’SIONARY, n. A person who receives PENTA€’RINITE, n. The fossil remains
silver money. a pension from government for past ser- ofa zoophyte.
3. Proverbially, a small sum. He will not vices, or a yearly allowance from some |PENTA€ROS’TIE, a. [Gr. xevze, five, and
lend a penny. prince, company or individual. acrostic.|
4. Money in general. (2. The first minister of the states of the |Containing five acrostics of the same name
Be sure to turn the penny. Dryden. province of Holland ; also, the first minis- in five divisions of each verse.
PEN’‘NYPOST, n. One that carries letters ter of the regency of a city in Holland. PENTA€ROS‘TI¢, n. A set of verses so
from the post office and delivers them to Encye. disposed as to have five acrostics of the
the proper persons for a penny or other PEN’SIONED, pp. Having a pension. same name in five divisions of each verse.
small compensation. PEN’SIONER, x. One to whom an annual Encye.
PENNYROY’AL, xn. A plant of the genus sum of money is paid by government in PENTADA€’TYL, n. [Gr. zevze, five, and
Mentha. Fam. of Plants.) consideration of past services. daxrvaos, finger.]
The English pennyroyal is the Mentha 2. One who receives an annual allowance 1. In botany, a plant called five fingers; a
pulegium ; the N. American pennyroyal is for services.
| name given to the Ricinus or Palma
the Cunila pulegioides. Parr. Bigelow. |3. A dependant. Christi, from the shape of its leaf.
PEN’NYWEIGHT, n. A troy weight con- 4. In the university of Cambridge, and in Encye.
taining twenty four grains, each grain be- that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bach- (2. In ichthyology, the five fingered fish; a
ing equal in weight. to a grain of wheat elor of arts who lives at his own expense. name given to a fish common in the East
from the middle ef the ear, well dried. It Encye. Indian seas, which has five black streaks
was anciently the weight ofa silver pen- . One of an honorable band of gentlemen on each side resembling the prints of five
ny, Whence the name. Twenty penny- who attend on the king of England, and fingers. Enecye.
weights make an ounee troy. receive a pension or au annual allowance PEN’/TAGON, n. [Gr. xevze, five, and ywrca,
PEN’NYWISE, a. Saving small sums at) of a hundred pounds. This band was in- a corner. |
the hazard of larger; niggardly on im-|| stituted by Henry VII. Their duty is to \l. In geometry, a figure of five sides and five
proper occasions. Bacon. guard the king’s person in his own house. angles. Encye.
Encye. Cyc. 2. In fortification, afort with five bastions.
PEN’NY WORTH, x. As much as is bought |PEN’/SIONING, pr. Granting an annual Encye.
for a penny. | allowance for past services. |PENTAG’ONAL, 2? Having five corners
2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold iP EN’SIVE, a. [It. pensivo, pensieroso; Sp. PENTAG/ONOUS, § “ or angles.
for money ; that which is worth the mon- pensativo ; Fr. pensif, from penser, to think Woodward. Lee. Martyn.
ey given. South. or refiect ;L. penso, to weigh, to consider; PEN'TAGRAPH, n. (Gr. verte, five, and
|
3. A good bargain; something advantageous- | pendo, to weigh.] ypape, to write.]
ly purchased, or for less than it is worth. |I. Literally, thoughtful; employed in se- An instrument for drawing figures in any
Dryden. rious study or reflection; but it often proportion at pleasure, or for copying or
4. A small quantity. Suit. implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, reducing a figure, plan, print, &e. to any
PEN'SILE, a. [L. pensilis, from pendeo, to depression or gloom of mind; thoughtful desired size.
hang.] and sad, or sorrowtul. |PENTAGRAPH Te, Pertaining to
1. Hanging ; suspended; as a pensile bell.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppress’d. | PENTAGRAPHTE€AL, , © a pentagraph;
Bacon. Prior. performed by a pentagraph.
2. Supported above the ground ; asa pensile | Pope.
PEN’TAGYN, n. [Gr. zevze, five, and yw,
garden. Prior. \2. Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness ; afemale.] In botany, a plant having five
PEN’SILENESS, n. The state of hanging. || | as pensive numbers ; pensive strains. pistils.
Bacon. \| Prior.
PEN'SION, n. [Fr. Sp. id.; It. pensione;'PEN’SIVELY, adv. With thoughtfulness ; PENTAGYN‘IAN, a. Having five pistils.
from L. pensio, from pendo, pensum, to it with gloomy seriousness or some degree | PENTAHE/DRAL, ? Having five equal
pay-] of melancholy. Spenser. PENTAHE’/DROUS, § “ sides.
1, Anannual allowance of asum of money to |PEN’SIVENESS, n. Gloomy thoughtful- PENTAHE’DRON, n. [Gr. zevrs, five, and
a person by government in consideration | ness; melancholy ; seriousness from de-| dpa, a side or base.] A figure having five
of past services, civil or military. Men of- |1 pressed spirits. Hooker. equal sides.
ten receive pensions for eminent services | PEN’STOCK, n. [pen and stock.] A narrow PENTAHEXAHE/DRAL, a. [Gr. aevze,
on retiring from office, But in particular, or confined place formed by a frame of) five, and herahedral.]
officers, soldiers and seamen receive pen-|, timber planked or boarded, for holding or In crystalography, exhibiting five ranges of
sions when they are disabled for further conducting the water of a mill-pond to a faces one above another, each range con-
services. wheel, and furnished with a flood gate} taining six faces. Cleaveland.
2. An annual payment by an individual to which may be shut or opened at pleasure.|, PENTAM’ETER, n. [Gr. neve, five, and
an old or disabled servant. PENT, pp. of pen. Shut up; closely con- Hezpov, measure. |
3. In Great Britain, an annual allowance | fined. \In ancient poetry, a verse of five feet. The
made by government to indigent widows |PENTACAP/SULAR, a. [Gr. xevzz, five, two first feet may be either dactyls or
of officers killed or dying in public service. | and capsular.] In botany, having five spondees; the third is always a spondee,
4, Payment of money; rent. 1 Esdras. | capsules. and the two last anapests. A pentame-
5. A yearly payment in the inns of court. |PEN’TACHORD, x. [Gr. weve, five, and ter verse subjoined to a hexameter, con-
Eng. | chord.] stitutes what is called elegiac. Eneyc.
 PEN PEO PEF
PENTAMETER, a. Having five metrical A tile for covering the sloping part of a 5. Persons in general; any persons indefi-
feet. Warton. roof. [Qu. pantile.] Johnson. nitely;like on in French, and man in Sax-
PENTAN’DER, n. [Gr. zevze, five, and PEN’TREMITE, n. A genus of zoophytes on.
aynp, a male.| or fossil shells. People were tempted to lend by great premi-
In botany, a plant having five stamens. PENULT’, n. [L. penultimus ;pene, almost, ums and large interest. Swift
PENTAN’DRIAN, a. Having five stamens. and ultimus, last. 6. A collection or community of animals.
PENTAN’/GULAR, a. [Gr. eve, five, and The last syllable of a word except one. The ants area people not strong, yet they
angular.| Having five corners or angles. PENULT‘IMATE, a. [supra.] The last but prepare their meat in the summer. Prov. xxx.
Grew. one; a word used of the last syllable of a
7. When people signifies a separate nation
PENTAPET’ALOUS, a. [Gr. xevze, five, word except one. It may be sometimes or tribe, it has the plural number.
and ztetadoy, a petal] used as a noun.
Having five petals or flower leaves. PENUM’BRA, n. [L. pene, almost, and um- Thou must prophesy again before many peo-
ples. Rey.x.
Encye. bra, shade.]
PENTAPH’/YLLOUS, a. [Gr. xevze, five, In astronomy, a partial shade or obscurity on t In Scripture, fathers or kindred. Gen.
and vaaov, a leaf.] Having five leaves. the margin of the perfect shade in au XXV.
PEN’/TAREHY, n. [Gr. zevre, five, and) eclipse, or between the perfect shade, 9. The Gentiles.
apxn, rule.| where the light is entirely intercepted, and —To him shall the gathering of the people
be. Gen. xlix.
A government in the hands of five persons.) the full light. Cye.
Brewer.| |PENU’RIOUS, a. [It. penurioso, from L. PEOPLE, ». t. [Fr. peupler.j To stock with
PEN‘TASPAST, n. [Gr. mevzz, five, and| penuria, scarcity, want; Gr. xevns, poor; inhabitants. Emigrants from Europe
onaw, to draw.]} | onavos, rare.} have peopled the United States.
An engine with five pulleys. Dict. 1. Excessively saving or sparing in the use PEOPLED, pp. Stocked or furnished with
PENTASPERM‘OUS, a. [Gr. mevre, five,| of money ; parsimonious to a fault; sor- inhabitants.
and omepua, seed.] Containing five seeds. did; as a penurious man. It expresses PEOPLING, ppr. Stocking with inhabit-
Enceye. somewhat less than niggardly. 4 ants.
PEN’TASTI€H, n. [Gr. xevre, five, and 2. Seanty ; affording little; as a penurious PEOPLISH, a. Vulgar. Chaucer.
scxos, verse.] spring. Addison. PEPAS’TIE, n. [Gr. xenawe, to concoct or
A composition consisting of five verses. mature. |
PENU’RIOUSLY, adv. In a saving or par-
Dict. simonicus manner; with scanty supply. A medicine that serves to help digestion;
PEN’TASTYLE, n. [Gr. xevze, five, and PENU’RIOUSNESS, n. Parsimony ; a sor- applied particularly to such medicines as
svaos, a column. | | did disposition to save money. tend to promote the digestion of wounds.
Addison. Coxe.
In architecture, a work containing five rows 2. Scantiness; not plenty.
of columns. PEP’PER, n. [L. piper; Sax. peppor; D.
PEN’TATEUEH, n. [Gr. mevre, five, and PEN’URY, n. [L. penuria, from Gr. xevns, ae Sw. peppar ;G. pfeffer ; Dan. pe-
tevxos, a book or composition.] needy.] er; Fr. pore ; It. pepe; Gr. aenepc; Hin-
The first five books of the Old Testament. Want of property ; indigence; extreme pov- doo, pipel ;Sanserit, pipali; Pers. pilpil.]
PEN'TECONTER, n. [from the Greek.) erty. A plant and its seed or grain, of the genus
aT innocent they were exposed to hardship Piper. The stem ofthe plant is a vine re-
A Grecian vessel of fifty oars, smaller than) and penury. Sprat.
a trireme. Mitford. quiring a prop, which is usually a tree.
PEN’TE€OST, n. [Gr. mevrexogy, nevtexosos,| PE/ON, n. In Hindoostan, a foot soldier, or The leaves are oval and the flower white.
fiftieth. ] | a footman armed with sword and target; We have three kinds of pepper, the black,
1. A solemn festival of the Jews, so called said to be corrupted from piadah. [Qu. L. the white, and the long. ‘The black pep-
because celebrated on the fiftieth day af- pes, pedis.| Hence, per is the produce of Java, Sumatra, Cey-
ter the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the, 2. In France, a common man in chess; usu- Jon, and other Asiatic countries ; the white
second day of the passover. It was call- ally written and called pawn, pepper is the black pepper decorticated ;
ed the feast of weeks, because it was cele- PE/ONY, n. [L. peonia; Gr. navwre, from the long pepper is the fruit of a different
brated seven weeks after the passover. It) rawr, Apollo. } species, also from the E. Indies. It con-
Was instituted to oblige the people to re-| A plant and flower of the genus Pzonia. It sists of numerous grains attached to a
pair to the temple of the Lord, there to ac-| is written also piony. common footstalk. Pepper has a strong
knowledge his absolute dominion over the} PEOPLE, n. [Fr. peuple; L. populus; W. aromatic smell and a pungent taste.
country, and offer him the first fruits of; pawb, pob, each, every one; poblac, com- Asiat. Res. Encye.
their harvest ; also that they might call to mon people; G. pobel; Ir. pupal, pobal ; PEP’PER, v. t. To sprinkle with pepper.
mind and give thanks to God for the law) Sp. pueblo; Russ. bobiel, a peasant. This 2. To beat; to pelt with shot; to mangle
which he had given them at Sinai on the, word coincides in elements with babe and with blows. Shak.
fiftieth day from their departure from pupil, and perhaps originally signified the PEP’PER-BOX, n. A small box witha per-
Egypt. Calmet. Encyc.| children ofa family, like gens.] forated lid, used for sprinkling pulverized
2. Whitsuntide, asolemn feast of the church, ry The body of persons who compose a com-
pepper on food.
held in commemoration of the descent of) munity, town, city ornation. We say, the PEP/PER-€AKE, n. A kind ofspiced cake
the Holy Spirit on the apostles. Acts ii. people of atown; the people of London or! or gingerbread.
Paris; the English people. In this sense,| PEP’PER-€ORN. n. The berry or seed of
PEN’TE€OSTAL, a. Pertaining to Whit- the word is not used in the plural, but it the pepper-plant.
suntide. Sanderson. comprehends all classes of inhabitants, 2. Something of inconsiderable value; as
PENTE€COS/TALS, n. Oblations formerly considered as a collective body, or any lands held at the rent of a pepper-corn.
made by parishioners to the parish priest portion of the inhabitants of a city or PEP’PERED, pp. Sprinkled with pepper;
at the feast of Pentecost, and sometimes. country. pelted ; spotted.
by inferior churches to the mother chureh.| 2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate per- PEPPER-GIN‘GERBREAD, n. A kind of
Cowel., sons. cake made in England.
PENT’HOUSE, x. [Fr. pente, a slope, and. The knowing artist may judge better than the PEP/PERGRASS, x. A plant of the genus
house. In Welsh, penty.] | people. Waller. Pilularia ; also, a plant of the genus Lepid-
A shed standing aslope from the main wall] 3. The commonalty, as distinct from men jum.
or building.
of rank. PEP/PERING, ppr. Sprinkling with pep-
PEN’TICE, n. [It. pendice, a declivity, from Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor, per; pelting.
L. pendo, to bend.| And strive to gain his pardon from the peo- 2. a. Hot; pungent; angry. Swift.
A sloping roof. [Little used.} Wotton. ple. Addison. PET’PERMINT, n. A plant of the genus
Ma” n. (Fr. pente, a bending, and 4. Persons ofa particular class; a part of a Mentha. Itis aromatic and pungent. Al-
ile. nation or community ; as country people. | so, a liquor distilled from the plant.
 PER PER PER
PEP’/PERMINT-TREE, nz. The Eucalyp- PERAM’BULATOR, vn. An instrument or process of the mind which makes known
tus piperita, a native of New South Wales- wheel for measuring distances, to be used an external object. In other words, the
Encyc- in surveying or traveling; called also a notice which the mind takes of external
PEP’PER-POT, n. A plant of the genus pedometer. Encyc. objects. We gain a knowledge of the
Capsicum. PERBISUL’PHATE, n. A sulphate with coldness and smoothness of marble by
PEP’PER-TREE, 2. A plant of the genus two proportions of sulphuric acid, and perception.
Vitis. combined with an oxyd at the maximum 2. In philosophy, the faculty of perceiving;
PEP’PER-WATER, n. A liquor prepared of oxydation. Silliman. the taculty or peculiar part of man’s cou-
from powdered black pepper ;used in mic- PER€‘ARBURETED, a. The percarbu- stitution, by which he has kuowledge
roscopical observations. Encye. reted hydrogen of the French chimists is through the medium or instrumentality of
PEP/PER-WORT, 2. A plant of the genus said to be the only definite compound of the bodily organs. Reid. Encyc.
Lepidium. these two elements. Ure. Notion; idea. Hall,
PEP’TI€, a. [Gr. xexzixos, from nextw, to PER€A‘SE, adv. [per and case, by case.] . The state of being affected or capable of
digest. ] : ; Perhaps; perchance. [.Vot used.] being affected by something external.
Promoting digestion; dietetic, as peptic pre- Bacon. This experiment discovers perception in
cepts. Kitchener. PER/CEANT, a. [Fr. percant.] Piercing ; plants. Bacon.
PER, a Latin preposition, denoting through, | penetrating. [JVot used.] Spenser. PERCEP’TIVE, a. Having the faculty of
passing, or over the whole extent, as in |PERCE/IVABLE, a. [See Perceive.] Per- perceiving. Glanville.
perambulo. Hence it is sometimes equiva- ceptible ; that may be perceived ; that may PERCEPTIV'ITY, n. The power of per-
lent to very in English, as in peracutus, fall under perception or the cognizance of, ception or thinking. Locke.
|
very sharp. As a prefix, in English, it re- | the senses ; that may be felt, seen, heard, PERCH, n. [Fr. perche; L. perca; G. bars,
tains these significations, and in chimistry smelt or tasted. We say, the roughness a perch, and barsch, sharp, keen, pun-
it is used to denote very or fully, to the ut- of cloth is perceivable; the dawn of the! gent; D. baars ;Sw. abbore ; Dan. aborre. It
most extent, asin peroxryd, a substance ox- morning is perceivable ; the sound of a bell would seem from the German, that this
ydated to the utmost degree. is perceivable ;the scent of an orange is fish is named from its prickly spines, and
Per is used also for by, as per bearer, by the} perceivable: the difference of taste in an the name allied to perk.)
bearer. apple and an orange is perceivable. A fish of the genus Perca. This fish has a
Per annum, [L.] by the year; in each year’ 2. That may be known, understood or con- deep body, very rough scales, an arched
successively. ceived. [Less proper.] back, and prickly dorsal fins.
Per se, [L.] by himself; by itself; by them- PERCE/IVABLY, adv. In such a manner \PERCH, n. [Fr. perche ;L. pertica ;W. perc ;
selves. as to be perceived. Arm. perchen ; probably allied to the for-
PERACU’TE,a. [L. peracutus ; per, through, PERCE/IVANCE, n. Power of perceiving. mer word in the sense of sharpness, shoot-
and acutus, sharp.] [Not in use.] Milton. ing or extending. See Perk.]
Very sharp; very violent; as a peracute fe-| PERCEIVE, v.t. [L. percipio; per and ca- ik; A pole; hence, a roost for fowls, which
ver. [Little used.| Harvey. pio, to take.] is often a pole; also, any thing on which
PERADVENT’URE, adv. [Fr. par aventure ; 15 To have knowledge or receive impres- they light.
par, by, and aventure, from L. venio, to sions of external objects through the me- 2. A measure oflength containing five yards
come. ] dium or instrumentality of the senses or and a half; a rod. In the popular lan-
By chance; perhaps; it may be. Hooker. bodily organs ; as, to perceive light or col-| guage of America, rod is chiefly used; but
Tt has been used as a noun for doubt or or; to perceive the cold of ice or the taste) rod, pole and perch, all signifying the same
question, but rather improperly. The) of honey. thing, may be used indifferently.
word is obsolescent and inelegant. To know ; to understand ; to observe. PERCH, v. z. To sit or roost ; as a bird.
PER’/AGRATE, »v. i. [L. peragro; per, Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, 2. To light or settle on a fixed body; as a
through, over, and ager, a field.) and perceive it by our own understanding, we | bird.
To travel over or through ; to wander; to are in the dark. Locke. PERCH, v. t. To place on a fixed object or
ramble. [Laitle used.} To be affected by ; to receive impressions perch. More.
PERAGRA’TION, n. The act of passing from. PERCH'‘ANCE, adv. [per and chance.] By
through any space; as the peragration of] The upper regions of the air perceive the col- chance; perhaps. Wotton.
the moon in her monthly revolution. [Lit- lection of the matter of tempests before the air \PERCH’ERS, n. Paris candles anciently
below. Bacon.| used in England ; also, a larger sort of wax
tle used.]} Brown. Holder.
PERAM’BULATE, v. t. [L. perambulo ;per PERCE‘IVED, pp. Known by the senses; eandles which were usually set on the al-
and ambulo, to walk.] felt; understood; observed. tar. Bailey.
Yo walk through or over; properly and PERCE’IVER, x. One who perceives, feels PER€HLO/RATE, n. A compound of
technically, to pass through or over for the or observes. perchloric acid with a base.
purpose of surveying or examining some- PERCEPTIBIL'ITY, x. The state or qual- PERE€CHLO’/RIE, a. Perchloric acid is chlo-
thing ; to visit as overseers; as, to per- ity of being perceptible ; as the perceptibu- rine converted into an acid by combining
ambulate a parish. So in New England, ity of light or color. with a maximum of oxygen. Silliman.
the laws require the selectmen of towns 2. Perception. ond proper. | More. PERCIPIENT, a. [L. percipiens.| Perceiv-
to appoint suitable persons annually to | PERCEP’TIBL J a. [Fr.; from L. percipio,, ing; having the faculty of perception.
perambulate the borders or bounds of the perceptus. | Animals are percipient beings ;mere mat-
township, and renew the boundaries, or te That may be perceived ; that may im- ter is not percipient. Bentley.
see that the old ones are in a good state. press the bodily organs; that may come PERCIP‘IENT, n. One that perceives or
«placer pp. Passed over; in- under the cognizance of the senses; as a has the faculty of perception. More.
specter. perceptible degree of heat or cold; a per- PERE€LO‘SE, n. s as z. Conclusion. [.Not
PERAM’BULATING, ppr. Passing over or ceptible odor ; a perceptible sound. A thing
used. } Raleigh.
through for the purpose of inspection. may be too minute to be perceptible to the
touch. PER’€OLATE, v. t. [L. percolo ; per and
PERAMBULA'TION, n. The act of pass- '2. That may be known or conceived of. colo, to strain; Fr. couler. to flow or run.]
ing or walking through or over. Bacon.| PERCEP’TIBLY, adv. In a manner to be To strain through ; to cause to pass through
2. A traveling survey or inspection. perceived. small interstices, as a liquor ; to filter.
ae 3 Howell. The woman decays perceptibly every week. Hale.
3. A district within which a person has the Pope. PER’COLATE, v.i. To pass through small
right of inspection ; jurisdiction. PERCEP’TION, n. [L. perceptio. See Per- interstices; to filter; as, water percolates
Holiday. cerve.| through a porous stone.
4. Annual survey of the bounds of a parish 1. The act of perceiving or of receiving im-| PER/€COLATED, pp. Filtered ; passed
in England, or of atownship in America. | pressions by the senses; or that act or through small interstices.
Vol. il. 33
 PER PER PER
PER/€OLATING, ppr. Filtering. PEREGRINA’TION, n. A traveling from|| its nature and kind; as a perfect statue ; 2
PERCOLA’TION, n. The act of straining one country to another; a wandering; | perfect likeness ; a perfect work; a perfect
or filtering; filtration; the act of passing abode in foreign countries. system.
through smallinterstices, as liquor through Hammond. Bentley. As full, as perfect in a hair as heart. Pope.
felt or a porous stone. PER’EGRINATOR, n. A traveler into 2. Fully informed; completely skilled; as
Percolation is intended for the purification
foreign countries. Casaubon.|| men perfect in the use of arms; perfect in
of liquors. PER/EGRINHE, a. (L. peregrinus.] Foreign ;} discipline.
Bacon.
PERCUSS, v. t. [L. percussus, from percu- not native. [Lattle used.] Bacon. 3. Complete in moral excellencies.
tio, to strike.] To strike. [Little used.] Peregrine falcon, a species of hawk, the}, whoBe isyeintherefore perfect, even as your Father
heaven is perfect. Matt. v.
Bacon. black hawk or faleon, found in America
PERE€US'SION, n. [L. percussio.} The act 4. Manifesting perfection.
and in Asia, and which wanders in sum-
of striking one body against another, with mer to the Arctic circle. Pennant.|, My strength is made perfect in weakness, 2
some violence; as the vibrations excited Cor. xii.
PEREMPT,, v. t. [L. peremplus, perimo, to})
in the air by percussion. Newton. kill.] 'Perfect chord, in music, a concord or union
2. The impression one body makes on an- In law, to kill; to crush or destroy. _[.Vot}| of sounds which is perfectly coalescent
other by falling on it or striking it. Encyc. used. } Ayliffe. | and agreeable to the ear, as the fifth and
3. The impression or effect of sound on the PEREMP’TION, n. [L. peremptio.| A kill- | the octave; a perfect consonance.
ear. Rymer. ing ; a quashing ; nonsuit. [.Vot used.] 1 perfect flower, in botany, has both stamen
PERCU'TIENT, x. [L. percutiens.] That Ayliffe. and pistil, or at least anther and stigma.
which strikes, or has power to strike. PER’/EMPTORILY, adv. [from peremptory. } Martyn.
Bacon. Absolutely ; positively ; in a decisive man- Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense;
PER’DIFOIL, n. [L. perdo, to lose, and fo- ner ; so as to preclude further debate. a renee which expresses an act comple-
lium, leat.) Never judge peremptorily on first appearan- ted.
A plant that annually loses or drops its ces. Clarissa. PER/FEC€T, v. t. [L. perfectus, perficio.| To
leaves ; opposed to evergreen. PER/EMPTORINESS, 2x. Positiveness ; finish or complete so as to leave nothing
The passion flower of America and the jas- absolute decision; dogmatism. wanting; to give to any thing all that is
mine of Malabar, which are evergreens in their Peremptoriness is of two sorts ; one, a ma- | requisite to its nature and kind ; as, to
native climates, become perdifoils when trans- gisterialness in matters of opinion ; the other, perfect a picture or statue. 2 Chron. viii.
planted into Britain. Barton. a positiveness in matters of fact. —Inquire into the nature and properties of
Gov. of the Tongue. things, and thereby perfect our ideas of distinet
PERDITION, n. [L. perditio, from perdo, PER’/EMPTORY, a. [Fr. peremptoire ; It.)
to lose, to ruin. Qu. per and do, or Gr. species. Locke.
perentorio; L. peremplorius, from peremp- If we love one another, God dwelleth in us,
tepGa.| tus, taken away, killed. } and his love is perfected in us. 1 John iv.
1. Entire loss or ruin; utter destruction ; as |]. Express; positive; absolute; decisive3),2. To instruct fully ; to make fully skillful;
the perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak. authoritative ; in a manner to preclude)
{In this sense, the word is now nearly as, to perfect one’s selfin the rules of mu-
debate or expostulation. The orders of] sic or architecture ; to perfect soldiers in
or wholly obsolete.] the commander are peremptory.
2. The utter loss of the soul or of final hap- 2. Positive in opinion or judgment. The discipline.
piness in a future state ; future misery or PER’FECTED, pp. Finished ; completed.
genuine effect of sound learning is to make) PER/FECTER, n. One that makes perfect.
eternal death. The impenitent sinner is men less peremptory in their determina-
condemned to final perdition. Broome.
tions. PERFECTIBIL'ITY, n. [from perfectible.}
If we reject the truth, we seal our own per-
dition. J. M. Mason. 3. Final; determinate. .
{} The capacity of becoming or being made
3. Loss. [Not used.] Shak.) 4. Peremptory challenge, in law, a challenge perfect.
PERDU’, [Fr. perdu, lost, from per- or right of challenging jurors without PERFECT IBLE, a. Capable of becoming
> adv. showing cause. or being made perfect, or of arriving at
PERDUE, dre, to lose, L. perdo.]
Close ; in concealment. PEREN’NIAL, a. [L. perennis ; per and| the utmost perfection of the species.
The moderator, out of view, annus, a year.] PER/FECTING, ppr. Finishing ;comple-
Beneath the desk had lain perdue. 1. Lasting or continuing without cessation ling ; consummating.
Trumbull’s M Fingal. through the year. Cheyne. PERFE€’TION, n. [L. perfectio.] The state
PERDU’, n. One that is placed on the 2. Perpetual; unceasing ; never failing. of being perfect or complete, so that noth-
watch or in ambush. Shak. Harvey. ing requisite is wanting ; as perfection in
PERDU’, a. Abandoned; employed on des- 3. In botany, continuing more than two an art or science; perfection in a system
perate purposes; accustomed to desperate years; as a perennial stem or root. | of morals.
purposes or enterprises. Martyn. (2. Physical perfection, is when a natural ob-
Beaum. and Fletcher. 4. Continuing without intermission ; as a fe-|| | ject bas all its powers, faculties or quali-
PER/DULOUS, a. [Fr. perdu, from L. per- | ver. Coxe. ties entire and in full vigor, and all its
do.| Lost; thrown away. [.Vot used.) \PEREN’‘NIAL, n. In botany, a plant which) | parts in due proportion. Encye.
Bramhall.| lives or continues more than two years 3. Metaphysical or transcendental perfection,
PERDU’RABLE, a. [Fr. from L. perduro; whether it retains its leaves or not. That ] is the possession of all the essential attri-
per and duro, to last.| | which retains its leaves during winter is butes or all the parts necessary to the in-
Very durable ; lasting ; continuing long. called an evergreen; that which casts its tegrity of asubstauce. This is absolute,
{Not used.] Shak. Drayton. leaves, deciduous, or a perdifoil. where all defect is preeluded, such as the
PERDU/RABLY, adv. Very durably. {Vot) PEREN/NIALLY, adv. Continually ; with- | perfection of God ; or according to its kind,
used. | Shak. out ceasing. | as in created things. Encye.
PERDURA’TION, n. Long continuance. PERENNITY, 7. [L. perennitas.] An en-| 4. Moral perfection, is the complete posses-
[Voit used.] Ainsworth, during or continuing through the whole, sion of all moral excellence, as in the Su-
PER/DY, adv. [Fr. par Dieu.) Certainly; year without ceasing. Derham. preme Being ; or the possession of such
verily ;in truth, Obs. Spenser. PERERRA’TION, n. [L. pererro ; per and moral qualities and virtues as a thing is
PER/EGAL, a. [Fr. per and egal, equal.] | erro, to wander. ] capable of.
Equal. [JVot used.] Spenser. A wandering or rambling throngh various) 5. A quality, endowment or acquirement
PER/EGRINATE, v. 7. [L. peregrinor, from places. Howell. completely excellent, or of great worth.
percerinus, a traveler or stranger ; peragro, PER’/FECT, a. [L. perfectus, perficio, to In this sense, the word has a plural.
to wander ; per and ager.| complete; per and facio, to do or make What tongue can her perfections tell ?
To travel from place to place or from one through, to carry to the end.] | Sidney.
country to another; to live in a foreign 1. Finished ; complete ; consummate ; not 6. An inherent or essential attribute of su-
country. Dict. defective ;having all that is requisite to preme or infinite excellence ; or one perfect
 PER PER PER
in its kind; as the perfections of God. The PERFORATE, v. t. [L. perforce ; per and No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field.
infinite power, holiness, justice, benevo- Soro. Eng. to bore.} Pope.
lence and wisdom of God are denomina- 1. To bore through. PERFUME, ». t. To scent ; to fill or im-
ted his perfections. 2. To pierce with a pointed instrument; to pregnate with a grateful odor; as, to per-
7. Exactness ; as, to imitate a model to per- make a hole or holes through any thing Jume an apartment ; to perfume a garment.
Section. by boring or driving ; as, to perforate the And Carmel’s flowery top perfumes the skies.
PERFE€’TIONAL, a. Made complete. bottom of a vessel. Pope.
Pearson. PER/FORATED, pp. Bored or pierced PERFU/MED, pp. Scented; impregnated
PERFE€’TIONATE, used by Dryden and) through ; pierced. with fragrant odors.
Tooke, in lieu of the verb to perfect, 1s a) PERFORATING, ppr. Boring or piercing PERFU/MER, n. He or that which per-
useless word. through ; piercing. fumes.
PERFE€’TIONIST, n. One pretending to IPERFORA‘TION, n. The act of boring or 2. One whose trade is to sell perfumes.
perfection ; an enthusiast in religion. piercing through. Bacon.
South.) 2. A hole or aperture passing through any PERFU'MERY, n. Perfumes in general.
PERFE€T/IVE, a. Conducing to make thing, or into the interior of a substance, PERFU'MING, ppr. Scenting ; impregna-
perfect or bring to perfection; followed || whether natural or made by an instru-| ting with sweet odors.
by of. | |i ment. PERFUN€’TORILY, adv. [L. perfunctorie,
Praise and adoration are actions perfective of||PER/FORATIVE, a. Having power to from perfungor ; per and fungor, to do or
the soul. More.) pierce; as an instrument. execute. |
PERFECT IVELY, adv. In a manner that), PER/FORATOR, n. An instrument that Carelessly ; negligently ; in a manner to
brings to perfection. Grew.| bores or perforates. Sharp.| satisfy external form. Clarendon.
PER’FE€TLY, adv. In the highest degree|PERFORCE, adv. [per and force.] By force) PERFUN€’TORINESS, n. Negligent per-
of excellence. or violence, Shak. formance ; carelessness. Whitlock.
2. Totally ;completely ; as work perfectly, PERFORM’, v. ¢. [L. per and formo, to} PERFUN€’TORY, a. [supra.] Slight ; care-
executed or performed; a thing perfectly) make. } less; negligent. Woodward.
| . To do; to execute; to accomplish; as, 2. Done only for the sake of getting rid of
new.
3. Exactly; accurately ; as a proposition || to perform two days’ labor in one day; to the duty. Bickersteth.
| perform a noble deed or achieyment.
perfectly understood. |
\l¢ PERFU’SE, v.t. sasz. [L. perfusus, per-
PER’/FE€TNESS, n. Completeness ; con-) . To execute ; to discharge ; as, to perform fundo; per and fundo, to pour.| To sprin-
summate excellence ; perfection. a duty or office. kle, pour or spread over. Harvey.
2. The highest degree of goodness or holi- . To fulfill; as, to perform a covenant, PER'GOLA, n. [It.] A kind of arbor.
ness of which man is capable in this life. promise or contract ; to perform a vow. Finett.
And above all things put on charity, which),|/PERFORM,, ». i. To do; to act a part. PERHAPS’, adv. [per and hap. See Hap-
is the bond of perfectness. Col. iii. The player performs well in different char- pen.| By chance; it may be.
3. Accurate skill. Shak. acters. The musician performs well on
the organ. Perhaps her love, perhaps her kingdom
PERFI’CIENT, n. [L. perficiens.] One} charmed him. Smith.
who endows a charity. PERFORM’‘ABLE, a. That may be done,
executed or fulfilled ; practicable. PER JANTH, n. [Gr. xepr, about, and aos,
PERFID‘IOUS, a. [L. perfidus ;per and flower.]
fidus, faithful. Per in this word signifies) Brown.
The calyx of a flower when contiguous to
through, beyond, or by, aside.] /PERFORM’‘ANCE, n. Execution or com- the other parts of fructification. Martyn.
t. Violating good faith or vows ; false to pletion of any thing; a doing ; as the per-| PER‘IAPT, n. [Gr. zepcarre, to fit or tie
trust or confidence reposed ; treacherous; formance of work or of an undertaking ; to.
as a perfidious agent; a perfidious friend. the performance of duty. An ate ; a charm worn to defend
[See Perfidy.] 1 2. Action ; deed; thing done. Shak.| against disease or mischief. [.Vot used.]
2. Proceeding trom treachery, or consisting |3. The acting or exhibition of character on Hanmer. Shak.
in breach of faith ; as a perfidious act. the stage. Garrick was celebrated for his PERIAUGE 2
3. Guilty of violated allegiance ; as a perfid- theatrical performances. PRRITGGaS ; [See Prrogue.]
ious citizen; a man perfidious to his coun-)) 4. Composition ; work written.
PERICARDIUM, n. [Gr. xp, around, and
try. | Few of our comic performances give good
xapdca, the heart.]
PERFIDIOUSLY, adv. Treacherously iii examples. Clarissa.
traitorously ; by breach of faith or allegi- 5. The acting or exhibition of feats; as per- A membrane that incloses the heart. It
ance. Swift.| JSormances of horsemanship. contains a liquor which prevents the sur-
PERFID/IOUSNESS, n. The quality of'| PERFORMED,
face of the heart from becoming dry by its
pp. Done ; executed : dis- | continual motion. Quincy.
being perfidious ; treachery ; traitorous-) charged.
ness; breach of faith, of vows or allegi-| PERFORMER, n. One that performs any |PER/ICARP, n. [Gr. xepc, about, and xapzos,
ance. ; | thing, particularly in au art; as a good | fruit.]
PER’FIDY, vn. [L. perfidia ; per and fides,) performer on the violin or organ; a cele- ‘The seed-vessel ofa plant; a general name
faith.]} brated performer in comedy or tragedy, or including the capsule, legume, silique, fol-
The act of violating faith, a promise, vow or in the cireus. licle, drupe, pome, berry and strobile.
allegiance ; treachery ; the violation of a) PERFORMING, ppr. Doing; executing; Martyn.
trust reposed. Perfidy is not applied to} accomplishing. PERICRA‘NIUM, n. [Gr. xepc, about, and
violations of contracts in ordinary pecun-| PERFORMING, n. Act xpavov, the skull.]
done; deed; act
jary transactions, but to violations of faith! of executing. Swift. |The periosteum or membrane that invests
or trust in friendship, in agency and office, |IPERFU MATORY, a. {from perfume.}| the skull. Coxe.
in allegiance, in connubial engagements, That perfumes. Leigh. PERIC/ULOUS, a. [L. periculosus. See
and in the transactions of kings. PERFUME, n. [Fr. parfum ; It. profwmo ;) Peril.| Dangerous ; hazardous. Brown.
PERFLA/TE, v. t. [L. perflo ; per and flo, Sp. perfume; L. per and fumus, smoke, or| PERIDODECAHE’DRAL, a. [Gr. wepe,
to blow.] To blow through. Harvey.| fumo, to fumigate.] and dodecahedral.]
PERFLA‘TION, n. The act of blowing 1. A substance that emits a scent or odor Designating a crystal whose primitive form
through. Woodward. which affects agreeably the organs of is a four sided prism, and in its secondary
PERFO’LIATE, a. [L. per and folium,a smelling, as musk, civet, spices or aromiat form is converted into a prism of twelve
leaf.] ics of any kind; or any composition of) sides. Cleaveland.
In botany, a perfoliate or perforated leaf, is, aromatic substances. |PER/IDOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the
one that has the base entirely surrounding| 2 . The scent, odor or volatile particles emit-
the stem transversely. Martyn.|
| chrysolite. It may be known by its leek
ted from sweet smelling substances, or olive green color of various shades, and
 PER PER PER
by its infusibility. Itis found in grains, PER/ILOUSLY, adv. Dangerously ; with of successive circuits ;as the periodical
granular masses, and rounded crystals. hazard. motion of the planets round the sun; the
Diet. Nat. Hist. PER/ILOUSNESS, n. Dangerousness ;dan- periodical motion of the moon round the
PERIE‘CIAN, n. [Gr. mepcorxos.] An inhab- ger; hazard. earth. Watts.
itant of the opposite side of the globe, in PERIMETER, n. (Gr. xepe, about, and per- 2. Happening by revolution, at a stated
the same parallel of latitude. pov, measure.]} time; as, the conjunction of the sun and
PERIGEE, [Gr. ep, about, and yn, In geometry, the bounds and limits of a, moon is periodical.
PERIGE’UM, f™ the earth.] body or figure. The perimeters of surfaces 3. Happening or returning regularly in a
That point in the orbit of the sun or moon or figures are lines; those of bodies are certain period of time. The Olympiads
in which it is at the least distance from! surfaces. In circular figures, instead o among the Greeks were periodical, as was
the earth ; opposed to apogee. Encye. perimeter, we use circumference or periphe-| the jubilee of the Jews.
PER/IGORD-STONE, n. An ore of man-) ry. Encye. 4. Performing some action at a stated time ;
ganese of a dark gray color, like basalt PERIOCTAHE’DRAL, a. [Gr. mepe and as the pertodical fountains in Switzerland,
or trap; so called from Perigord, in) octahedral. | which issue only at a particular hour of
France. Encyc.| Designating a crystal whose primitive form the day. Addison.
PER‘IGRAPH, n. [Gr. xepr, about, and is a four sided prism, and in its secondary 5. Pertaining to a period; constituting a
pan, a writing.] | form is converted into a prism of eight complete sentence. Adam’s Lect.
1. A careless or inaccurate delineation of sides. (6. Pertaining to a revolution or regular cir-
any thing. ||PE/RIOD, n. [L. periodus ; Fr. periode; It. cuit. Brown.
2. The white lines or impressions that ap- Sp. Port. periodo; Gr. mepuodos ; ztepc, about, PERIOD/TI€ALLY, adv. At stated periods ;
pear on the musculus rectus of the abdo-' and odos, way.] as a festival celebrated periodically.
men. Encye.| 1. Properly, a circuit; hence, the time PERIOS’TEUM, n. [Gr. zept, about, and
PERIG/YNOUS, a. [Gr. xepc, about, and which is taken up by a planet in making oseov, bone.]
yurn, female. its revolution round the sun, or the dura-
A nervous vascular membrane endued with
In botany, inserted around the pistil, as the tion of its course till it returns to the point, quick sensibility, immediately investing
corol or stamens ; having the corol or sta- ofits orbit where it began. Thus the pe-
the bones of animals. Encyc. —Coxe.
mens inserted around the pistil, as a flow-) riod of the earth or its annual revolution)
| The periosteuin has very little sensibili-
er or plant. Jussieu. Smith. is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 30)|
ty ina sound state, but in some cases of
PERIHE’LION, (Gr. mepc, about, and) seconds. Encye.|
disease it appears to be very sensible.
PERIHE/LIUM, § °" 700s, the sun.] |© . In chronology, a stated number ofyears ;
Wistar.
That part of the orbit of a planet or comet,| a revolution
> }
or a series
“7
of ry years
wPonre
byr which
hit
[PERIPATET'I€,a.[Gr. xepunarnrixos, from
in which it is at its least distance from the time is measured ; as the Calippic period;) mepiaacca, to walk about; mepe and aarew.]
sun ; opposed to aphelion. Encye. the Dionysian period ; the Julian period.
Pertaining to Aristotle’s system of philoso-
PERIHEXAHE’/DRAL, a. [Gr. zepe, and 3. Any series of years or of days in which a) phy, or to the sect of his followers.
hexahedral. | revolution is completed, and the same
Designating a crystal whose primitive form
course is to be begun. ||PERIPATET‘I€, n. A follower of Aristot-
le, so called because the founders of his
is a four sided prism, and in the secondary |4- Any specified portion oftime, designated | philosophy taught, or his followers disput-
form is converted into a prism of six by years, months, days or hours complete ;
as a period of a thousand years ; the pert- ed questions, walking in the Lyceum at
sides. Cleaveland. Athens. Encyc.
od of a year; the period of a day.
PERIL, n. [Fr.; It. periglio ; Sp. peligro ;
conclusion. Death puts a period to 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is
Port. perigo; from L. periculum, from Gr. 5. aEnd; state of probation. obliged to walk, or cannot afford to ride.
xeipac, to try, to attempt, that is, to strain ; Tatler.
6. An indefinite portion of any continued
mewpa, an attempt, danger, hazard ; allied)
state, existence or series of events; as the PERIPATET‘ICISM, n. The notions or
to zeup@, to pass, to thrust in or transfix. philosophical system of Aristotle and his
first period of life; the last period of a
ztevpa is also the point or edge of a sword, followers. Barrow.
king’s reign; the early periods of history.
coinciding with W. ber and pér, a spit, a . State at which any thing terminates ; PERIPHERAL, a. Peripheric. Fleming.
spear or pike. Hence L. expertor, Eng. ~“ PERIPHER’ Te, Pertaining to a pe-
limit.
experience. The Greek mepaw is express- 8. Length or usual length ofduration. PERIPHER ‘T€AL, fae riphery ; constitut-
edin Dutch by vaaren, to go, to sail, to Some experiments would be made how by ing a periphery.
fare ; gevaar, danger, peril; G. gefahr, art to make plants more lasting than their ordin-| PERIPH’ERY, x. [Gr. wep, around, and
ow filtres These words are all of one ary period. Bacon. Pepa, to bear.]
family. See Pirate. The primary sense 9. A complete sentence from one full stop to The circumference of a circle, ellipsis, or
of peril is an advance, a pushing or going! another. | other regular curvilinear figure. Encyc.
forward; the radical sense of boldness.) Periods are beautiful when they are not too) PER/IPHRASE, n. sasz. [Gr. repippacis;
The Welsh has perig, perilous, from pér, long. B. Jonson.)
aept, about, and ppase, to speak.}
and peri, to bid or command, the root of} 10. The point that marks the end ofa com-
plete sentence ; a full stop, thus, (.) Circumlocution ; a circuit of words; the use
L. impero, from the same root.]
11. In numbers, a distinction made by a point, of more words than are necessary to ex-
i. Danger; risk; hazard ; jeopardy; partic-
press the idea; a figure of rhetoric em-
ular exposure of person or property to) or comma after every sixth place or fig-|
ployed to avoid a common and trite man-
injury, loss or destruction from any cause| ure. Encye.|
ner of expression. Encyc.
whatever. 12. In medicine, the time of intension and)
In perils of waters; in perils of robbers. 2) remission of a disease, or of the paroxysin PER/IPHRASE, v. t. To express by cir-
and remission. Encyc., cumlocution.
Cor. xi.
9. Danger denounced ; particular exposure.| Julian period, in chronology, a period of 7930 PER/IPHRASE, v. «. To use circumlocu-
You do it at your peril, or at the peril of] years; a number produced by multiplying) tion.
your father’s displeasure. 28, the years of the solar cycle, into 19,/| PRRIPHRASIS. [See Periphrase.]
PERIL, v. 7. To be in danger. [Vol used.] the years of the lunar cycle, and their pro-) PERIPHRAS’TI¢€, 2? Circumlocutory;
Milton.) duct by 15, the years of the Roman in-| PERIPHRAS’TICAL, (“expressing — or
PERILOUS, a. [Fr. perileur.] Danger-| diction. | expressed in more words than are neces-
ous; hazardous; full of risk; as a peril-| PE/RIOD, v.t. To put an end to. [.Vot| sary; expressing the sense of one word in
ous undertaking ; a perilous situation. used. | Shak., many.
2. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty; as PERIOD ‘Ie, [It. periodico; Fr. pe- |/PERIPHRAS’TICALLY, adv. With cir-
perilous shrewd. Obs. Hudibras. PERIODICAL, §“ riodique.] cumlocution. Boswell.
3. Smart; witty ; as a perilous [parlous] boy.| 1. Performed in a circuit, or in a regular |PER/IPLUS, n. [Gr. mepuaovs ;xepe, about,
(Vulgar and obsolete.| revolution in a certain time, or in a series, and zc, to sail.]
 PER PER PER
Circumnavigation ;a voyage round a cer- Superfluous words; much talk to little pur- {| tered in some judicial proceeding, to a
tain sea or sea coast. Vincent. ose. [Little used.} Campbell.| person who swears willfully, absolutely
PERIPNEUMON’I€, a. Pertaining to peri- PERISTAL’TI€, a. [Gr. mepesaarixos, from and falsely in a matter material to the is-
pheumony; consisting in an inflammation mtepegerrw, to involve. | sue. Coke.
of the lungs. Spiral; vermicular or worm-like. The peri- PERK, a. [W. perc, compact, trim, perk;
PERIPNEU'MONY, n. [Gr. spc, about, staltic motion of the intestines is performed as anoun, something that is close, com-
and xvevuor, the lungs.] by the contraction of the circular and pact, trim, and a perch.] Properly, ereet ;
An inflammation of the lungs, or of some longitudinal fibres composing their fleshy hence, smart ; trim.
part of the thorax, attended with acute coats, by which the chyle is driven into PERK, v.i. [W. percu, to trim, to make
fever and difficult respiration. Encyc. the orifices of the lacteals, and the excre- smart. |
PERIPOLYG/ONAL, a. [Gr. wpe and poly-| ments are protruded towards the anus. (To hold up the head with affected smart-
On. | Encyc. | ness. Pope.
Tn crystals having a great number of PERISTE’RION, n. [Gr.] The herb ver-) PERK, v.t. To dress; to make trim or
sides. vain. Dict.) smart; to prank, Shak.
PERIS‘CIAN, n. [Gr. xepioxcoe ;reper, around, PER/ISTYLE, x. [Gr. zepusvaov; -repz, |PERK’IN, n. Cyderkin; a kind of cyder
|
and ox, shadow.] about, and svd0s, a column. ] }
| made by steeping the murk in water.
An inhabitant of a frigid zone or within a A circular range of columns, or a building, || Encyc.
polar circle, whose shadow moves round, encompassed with a row of columns on Perlate acid, the acidulous phosphate “of
and in the course of the day falls in every the outside. Johnson. Encyc.| soda. Chimistry. Nicholson.
point of compass. The Greek word pe- PERISYSTOLE, n. perisys'toly. (Gr. xepc,| Perlated acid, or ouretic, biphosphate of soda.
risctt, in the plural, is generally used in| about, and ovsoax, contraction. | |PER’LOUS, for perilous, is not used.
geographies ; but the English word is The pause or interval between the systole! }| Spenser.
preferable. or contraction, and the diastole or dilata-) |PERLUSTRA’TION, 2. [L. perlustro; per
PERISH, v. vt. [Fr. perir, perissant ; It. pe- tion of the heart. Quincy. || and lustro, to survey.] The act of view-
rire; Sp. perecer ; trom L. pereo, supposed ing all over. Howelb.
to be compounded of per and eo, to go; PERITE, a. (L. peritus.] Skillful. [Litdle!
literally, to depart wholly.] used. Whitaker.) PER/MAGY, n. A little Turkish boat.
Dict.
1. To die; to lose life in any manner ; ap- PERITO/NEAL,
toneum,
a. Pertaining to the peri-
PER’/MANENCE, [See Permanent.]
plied to animals. Men perish by disease or PER/MANENCY, § ™ Continuance in the
decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hun- PERITONE’UM, n. [Gr. xeperovacov ; repe,| same state, or without a change that de-
ger or famine, &c. about, and rovow, to stretch.|
stroys the form or nature of a thing; du-
2. To die; to wither and decay ; applied to) A thin, smooth, lubricous membrane invest-
plants. ing the whole internal surface of the ab- ration ; fixedness; as the permanence of a
3. To waste away ; as, a leg or an arm has domen, and more or less completely, all) government or state; the permanence of
the viscera contained in it. institutions or of a system of principles.
perished. iD)
Encyc. Parr.) ~ . Continuance in the same place or at rest.
|
4. To be in a state of decay or passing
away. PER/IWIG, n. [Ir. pereabhic. Qu. D. par-| WPER/MANENT, a. [L. permanens, perma-
Duration, and time which is a part of it, is) wik ;G. perriicke; Dan. perryk; Fr. per-| neo; per and maieo, to remain. Class
the idea we have ofperishing distance. ruque; It. parrucca.} || Mn.]
Locke. A small wig; a kind of close cap formed, Durable; lasting; continuing in the same
5. To be destroyed ; to come to nothing. by an intertexture of false hair, worn by} state, or without any change that destroys
Perish the lore that deadens young desire. men for ornament or to conceal baldness., the form or nature of the thing. The laws,
6. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. Q Periwigs were in fashion in the days of like the character of God, are unaltera-
Kings ix. Addison. | bly permanent. Human laws and institu-
7. To be burst or ruined; as, the bottles) PERIWIG, v. t. To dress with a periwig,| tions may be to a degree permanent, but
shall perish. Luke vy. or with false hair, or with any thing in, they are subject to change and overthrow.
8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer. ix. like form. Swift.) We speak of a permanent wall or building,
9. To be injured or tormented. 1 Cor. viii. PER/IWINKLE, n. [Sax. peruince ; Tr. a permanent bridge, when they are so con-
10. To be lost eternally ; to be sentenced to pervinca ;Fr. pervenche ; L. vinca; Sax.| structed as to endure long; in which ex-
endless misery. 2 Pet. ii. wincle, a shell fish. If n is casual, vinca! amples, permanent is equivalent to durable
PERISH, v.t. To destroy. [Not legitimate.] may be and probably is the W. gwic, for! or lasting, but not to undecaying or unal-
PER‘ISHABLE, a. Liable to perish ; sub- wic,a squeak, whence gwiciad, a periwin-, terable. So we say, a permanent residence,
ject to decay and destruction. The bodies| kle.] || a permanent intercourse, permanent friend-
of animals and plants are perishable. The} 1. A sea snail, or small shell fish. ship, when it continues a long time with-
|
souls of men are not perishable. 2. A plant of the genus Vinca. ||
|
out interruption.
2. Subject to speedy decay. PERJURE, v.t. perljur. [L. perjuro ; per PERMANENTLY, adv. With long contin-
Property of a perishable nature, saved from a and juro, to swear; that is, to swear aside | uance; durably ; iu a fixed state or place ;
wreck, may be sold within a year and a day. or beyond.] | asa government permanently established.
Stat. of Conn. Willfully fo make a false oath when admin-. PERMAN’SION, n. [L. permansio.] Con-
PER/ISHABLENESS, n. Liableness to) istered by lawful authority or in a court of tinuance. [.Vot used.] Brown.
decay or destruction. Locke. justice ; to forswear ; as, the witness per-:
PER/ISPERM, n. [Gr. -spr, around, and PERMEABILITY, x. [infra.] The quality
jured himself.
PER/JURE,n. A perjured person. [Not |}| or state of being permeable.
i}
onepua, seed.]
A thick, farinaceous, fleshy, horny or woody| used. | Shak. Journ. of Science.
part of the seed of plants, either entirely, PER'JURED, pp. Guilty of perjury ; hay-| PERMEABLE, a. [L. permeo; per and
or only partially surrounding the embryo, meo, to pass or glide.]
ing sworn falsely.
and inclosed within the investing mem- PER/JURER, n. One that willfully takes a |That may be passed through without rup-
brane. It corresponds to the albumen of) false oath lawfully administered. | ture or displacement of its parts, as solid
Gertner. Jussieu. Smith.| PER’/SURING, ppr. Taking a false oath, matter; applied particularly to substances
PERISPHER ‘TE, a. [Gr. xepe and opacpa. ||| lawfully administered. that admit the passage of fluids. Thus
Globular ; having the form ofa ball. cloth, lether, wood are permeable to water
PERJU/RIOUS, a. Guilty of perjury ;con-
Journ. of Science.) and oil: glass is permeable to light, but not
taining perjury. Coke. to water.
PERISSOLOGI€AL, a. Redundant in PERJURY, n. [L. perjurium.] The act or
words. PER/MEANT, a. [supra.] Passing through.
crime of willfully making a false oath,|
PERISSOL/OGY, n. (Gr. mepescoroyia; ste- [.Vot used. Brown.
when lawfully administered ; or a crime, PER/MEATE, v.t. [L. permeo ; per and
prooos, redundant, and avyos, discourse. ] committed when a lawful oathis adminis-| meo, to glide, flow or pass.]
 PER PER PER
To pass through the pores or interstices of] PERMU‘TER, x. One that exchanges. 2. So as to fall on the plane of the horizon
a body; to penetrate and pass through a [.Vot used.] at right angles; in a direction towards the
substance without rupture or displace- PER/NANCY, n. (Norm. perner, to take.] center of the earth or of gravity.
ment of its parts; apphed particularly to A taking or reception, as the receiving PERPEN’SION, n. [L. perpendo.| Consid-
fluids which pass through substances of| of rents or tithes in kind. Blackstone. eration. [.Vot used.] Brown.
louse texture ; as, water permeates sand or PERNICIOUS, a. [L. perniciosus, from PERPES'SION, n. [L. perpessio, perpetior,
a filtering stone ; light permeates glass. pernicies ;perneco, to kill; per and nex, ne- to suffer ;per and patior.] Suffering ; en-
PER’MEATED, pp. Passed through, as by cis, death.] durance. [.Vot used.] Pearson.
a fluid. 1. Destructive ; having the quality of killing, PER/PETRATE, v.t. [L. perpetro; per and
PER’/MEATING, ppr. Passing through the destroying or injuring ; very injurious or patro, to go through, to finish.]
pores or interstices of a substance. mischievous. Food, drink or air may be To do; to commit; to perform; in an ill
PERMEA‘TION, n. The act of passing permicious to life or health. sense, that is, always used to express an
through the pores or interstices of a body. 2. Destructive ; tending to injure or destroy. evil act; as, to perpetrate a crime or an
PERMIS’CIBLE, a. [L. permisceo ; per aud Evil examples are pernicious to morals. evil design. Dryden.
misceo, to mix.) That may be mixed. Jntemperance is a pernicious vice.
[Little used.| 3. [L.pernix.] Quick. |JWVot used.| Milton. PER/PETRATED, pp. Done; committed :
as an evil act.
PERMIS’SIBLE, a. [See Permit.) That PERNI’CIOUSLY, adv. Destructively;
may be permitted or allowed. with ruinous tendency or effects. PER/PETRATING, ppr. Committing ; as
PERMIS’SION, n. [L. permissio, from per- Ascham. a crime or evil act.
mitto, to permit. | PERNI/CIOUSNESS, n. The quality ‘of| |PERPETRA/TION, n. The act of commit-
1. The act of permitting or allowing. being very injurious, mischievous or de- ting a crime. Wotton.
2. Allowance ; license or liberty granted. structive. 2. An evil action. K. Charles.
You have given me your permission tor this PERNICITY, n. [L. pernicitas, from per- PER/PETRATOR, x. One that commits a
address. Dryden.| nix.| Swiftness of motion; celerity. {Lat- crime.
PERMIS’SIVE, a. Granting liberty; al-| tle used.| Ray. \PERPET'UAL, a. [Fr. perpetuel; L. per-
lowing. Milton.| PERNOCTA’TION, n. [L. pernocto; per
2. Granted; suffered without hinderance. petuus, from perpes, perpetis ;per and pes,
and noz, night.) from a root signifying to pass. |
Thus I emboldened spake, and freedom used The act of passing the whole night; a re-
Permissive, and acceptance found. Milton. 1. Never ceasing ; continuing forever in fu-
maining all night. Taylor. ture time; destined to be eternal; as a
PERMIS’/SIVELY, adv. By allowance; PEROGUE. [See Pirogue.]
without prohibition or hinderance. perpetual covenant; a perpetual statute.
PERORA/TION, n. [L. peroratio, from {Literally true with respect to the decrees
PERMIS’TION, [L. permistio, permix- peroro ; per and oro, to pray.|
PERMIX’TION, t™ tio.} The act of mix- The concluding part of an oration, in which of the Supreme Being. ]
ing ; the state of being mingled. 2. Continuing or continued without inter-
the speaker recapitulates the principal mission ; uninterrupted; as a perpetual
PERMIT’, v. t. (L. permitto ;per and mitto, points of his discourse or argument, and
to send ; Fr. permettre ; It. permettere; Sp.|| stream ; the perpetual action of the heart
urges them with greater earnestness and and arteries.
permitir. | force, with a view to make a déep impres- 3. Permanent; fixed; not temporary; as a
1. To allow; to grant leave or liberty to by sion on his hearers. Encye.
express consent. He asked my leave and PEROX’YD, n. [per and oxyd.] A sub- perpetual law or edict; perpetual love or
1 permitted him. amity ; perpetual incense. Ex. xxx.
stance containing an unusual quantity of 4. Everlasting ; endless.
2. 'To allow by silent consent or by not pro- oxygen. Davy.
hibiting ; to suffer without giving express PEROX’‘YDIZE, v. t. To oxydize to the Destructions are come to a perpetual end.
Ps. ix.
authority. The laws permit us to do what utmost degree. Culbush. 5. During the legal dispensation. Ex. xxix.
is not expressly or impliedly forbid. PERPEND,, v. t. [L. perpendo; per and Perpetual curacy, is where all the tithes are
What God neither commands nor forbids, he
pendo, to weigh.] To weigh in the mind; appropriated and no vicarage is endowed.
permits with approbation to be done or left un-
done. Hooker. to consider attentively. [Lattle used. ] Blackstone.
3. To afford ability or means. Old age does Shak. Brown. Perpetual motion, motion that generates a
not permit us to retain the vigor of youth. PERPEND‘ER, n. [Fr. parpaing.] A co- power of continuing itself forever or indef-
The man’s indigence does not permit him ping stone. Johnson. initely, by means of mechanism or some
to indulge in luxuries. PERPEND/'ICLE, 2. {Fr. perpendicule, application of the force of gravity ; not yet
4. To leave; to give or resign. from L. perpendiculum.] discovered, and probably impossible.
Let us not aggravate our sorrows, Something hanging down in a direct line; Perpetual screw, a screw that acts against
But to the gods permit the event of things. a plumb line. Dict. the teeth of awheel and continues its ac-
Addison. PERPENDI€’ULAR, a. [L. perpendicularis, tion without end. Wilkins.
(The latter sense is obsolete or obsoles- from perpendiculum, a plumb line; per-|PERPET’'UALLY, adv. Constantly; con-
cent.] pendeo ; per and pendeo, to hang.|
tinually ; applied to things which proceed
PERMIT’, n. A written license or permis- 1, Hanging or extending in a right line from without intermission, or which occur fre-
sion from the custom house officer or any point towards the center of the earth quently or at intervals, without limitation.
other proper authority,to export or trans- or of gravity, or at right angles with the A perennial spring flows perpetually ; the
port goods or to land goods or persons. plane of the horizon. weather varies perpetually.
2. Warrant; leave; permission. 2. In geometry, falling directly on another
line at right angles. The line A is per- The Bible and common prayer book in the
PERMIT’TANCE, n. Allowance; forbear- vulgar tongue, being perpetually read in
ance of prohibition ;permission. pendicular to the line B. churches, have proved a kind of standard for
Derham. PERPENDI€’ULAR, n. A line falling at language. Swift.
PERMIXTION. [See Permistion.] right angles on the plane of the horizon, PERPETUATE, v. t. [L. perpetuo.] To
PERMUTA/TION, n. [L. permutatio, per- that is, extending from some point ina make perpetual ; to eternize.
muto; per and muto, to change. | right line towards the center of the earth) 2. ‘To cause to endure orto be continued in-
1. In commerce, exchange of one thing for or center of gravity, or any body standing} definitely ; to preserve from extinction or
another; barter. Bacon. in that direction. oblivion; as, to perpetuate the remem-
2. In the canon law, the exchange of one 2. In geometry, a line falling at right angles brance of a great event or of an illustrious
benefice for another. Encye. on another line, or making equal angles) character. The monument in Loudon
3. In algebra, change or different combina- with it on each side. Encyc. perpetuates the remembrance of the con-
tion of any number of quantities. Wallis. PERPENDICULAR ‘ITY, x. The state of| flagration in 1666. Medals may perpetu-
PERMU’TE, v. t. [L. permuto ; per and mu- being perpendicular. Watts. ale the glories of a prince. Addison.
to. to change.} "To exchange; to barter. PERPENDIC/ULARLY, adv. Ina manner 3. To continue by repetition without limita~
{Not used.} to fall on another line at right angles. tion,
 PER PER PER
PERPETUATED, pp. Made perpetual; fowl inhabiting the isles of Japan and the To persist in any business or enterprise un-
continued through eternity, or for an in- western shores of America. Pennant. | dertaken ; to pursue steadily any design or
definite time. PER’RY, n. (Fr. poiré, from poire, W. per, | course commenced; not to give over or
PERPETUATING, ppr. Continuing for- a pear. | | abandon whatis undertaken ; applied alike
ever orindefinitely. , The juice of pears, which being clarified by | to good and evil.
PERPETUA/TION, n. The act of making fermentation, is a pleasant drink. | Thrice happy, if they know
perpetual, or of preserving from extinc- [IPERSERUTA'TION, xn. [L. perscrutatio, Their happiness, and persevere upright!
tion or oblivion through an endless exist- perscrutor.| A searching thoroughly ; mi-| Milton.
ence, or for anindefinite period of time. nute search or inquiry. | To persevere in any evil course, makes you
Brown. PER’SECUTE, v. é. [Fr. persecuter; It. ( unhappy in this life. Wake.
PERPETUITY, x. [L. perpetuitas.] End- perseguitare ; Sp. perseguir; L. persequor; PERSEVE/RING, ppr. Persisting in any
less duration ; continuance to eternity. per and sequor, to pursue. See Seek and | business or course begun.
Essay.| 2. a. Constant in the execution of a purpose
2. Continued uninterrupted existence, or du-
___orenterprise ; as a persevering student.
ration for an indefinite period of time; as \1. In a general sense, to pursue in a manner
the perpetuity of laws andinstitutions ; the to injure, vex or afflict; to harass with un-|, PERSEVE/RINGLY, adv. With perseve-
just punishment or penalties for supposed rance or continued pursuit of what is un-
perpetuity of fame. dertaken.
3. Something of which there will be no end. offenses ; to inflict pain from hatred or
South. malignity. PER’SIFLAGE, n. [Fr. from persifler; L.
2. sibilo, to hiss.] A jeering ; ridicule.
PERPHOS’/PHATE, n. A_ phosphate in Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy
which the phosphoric acid is combined for adherence to a particular creed or sys- H. More.
with an oxyd at the maximum of oxyda- tem of religious principles, or to a mode), PERSIM’MON, n. A tree and its fruit, a
tion. of worship. Thus Nero persecuted the species of Diospyros, a native of the states
south of New York. The fruit is like a
PERPLEX,, v. t. [L. perplerus, perplezor;|| Christians by crucifying some, burning
plum, aud when not ripe, very astringent.
per and plector, to twist, from the root of} others, and condemning others to be wor-|,
Gr. xarsxw, L. plico, to fold.] | ried by dogs. See Acts xxii. Mease.
1. To make intricate; to involve; to entan- (3. To harass with solicitations or importu-
gle; to make complicated and difficult to nity.
be understood or unraveled. /PER/SE€UTED, pp. Harassed by troubles’
What was thought obscure, perplexed and), or punishments unjustly inflicted, particu-
too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the)! to persevere. [Persist is nearly synony-
larly for religious opinions.
understanding in a fair view. Locke. [PER/SECUTING, ppr. Pursuing with en-| mous with persevere ; but persist frequently
2. To embarrass ; to puzzle; to distract; to | mity or vengeance, particularly for ad- implies more obstinacy than persevere, par-
tease with suspense, anxiety or ambiguity. hering toa particular religion. ticularly in that which is evil or injurious
We can distinguish no general truths, or at /PERSE€U’TION, n. The act or practice to others.
least shall be apt to perplex the mind. Locke. If they persist in pointing their batteries
of persecuting ; the infliction of pain, pun- against particular persons, no Jaws of war forbid
We are perplexed, but notin despair. 2 Cor. ishment or death upon others unjustly, the making reprisals. Addison.
Iv.
particularly for adhering to a religious
3. To plague; tu vex. Glanville. PERSIST’ENCE, n. The state of persist-
creed or mode of worship, either by way
PERPLEX’, a. Intricate; difficult. [Vot}) ing; steady pursuit of what is undertaken ;
of penalty or for compelling them to re-}
used.] Glanville.) perseverance in a good or evil course,
nounce their principles. Historians enu-
PERPLEX’/ED, pp. Made intricate;
em- more generally in that which is evil and
merate ten persecutions suffered by the
barrassed ; puzzled. injurious to others, or unadvisable.
Christians, beginning with that of Nero,|, 2. Obstinacy ; contumacy. Shak.
PERPLEX’EDLY, adv. Intricately ; with A. D. 31, and ending with that of Diocle-
involution. PERSIST’ENT, 2? In botany, continuing
tian, A. D. 303 to 813.
PERPLEX’EDNESS, n. Intricacy; diffi- 2. The state of being persecuted. PERSIST/ING, §“ without withering;
culty from want of order or precision. | Our necks are under persecution ; we labor),
opposed to marcescent; as a_ persisting
2. Embarrassment of mind from doubt or and have no rest. Lam. v. stigma: continuing after the corol is with-
uncertainty. PER’/SECUTOR, n. One that persecutes;) ered, as a persistent calyx ;continuing af-
PERPLEX'ITY, n. Intricacy; entangle-|, one that pursues another unjustly and ter the leaves drop off, as a persistent stip-
ment. ‘The jury were embarrassed by the vexatiously, particularly on account ofre-|, | ule; remaining on the plant ull the fruit
perplexity of the case. ligious principles. is ripe, or till after the summer is over, as
2.
oo Embarrassment of mind; disturbance Henry rejected the pope’s supremacy, but | a persistent leaf. Lee. Martyn.
from doubt, confusion, difficulty or anxi-|| retained every corruption beside, and became a PERSISTING, ppr. Continuing in the
ety. cruel persecutor. Swit. | prosecution of an undertaking; persever-
Perplexity not suffering them to be idle, they PERSEVE/RANCE, n. [Fr. from L. perse- Ing.
think and do, as it were, in a frenzy. Hooker. verantia. See Persevere.| PERSIST IVE, a. Steady in pursuit; not
PERQUADRISUL'/PHATE, n. A sulphate) 1. Persistencein any thing undertaken; con- receding from a purpose or undertaking ;
with four proportions of sulphuric acid] tinued pursuit or prosecution of any busi-| | persevering. Shak.
combined with a maximum oxyd. ness or enterprise begun; applied alike to ‘PERSON, n. per'sn. [L. persona; said to
Silliman. good or evil. | he compounded ofper, through or by, and
PER’QUISITE, n. s as =. [L. perquisitus, Perseverance keeps honor bright. Shak. sonus, sound; a Latin word signifying
perquiro ;per and quero, to seek.] Patience and perseverance overcome the) primarily a mask used by actors on the
A fee or pecuniary allowance to an officer gieatest difficulties. Clarissa. | stage.]
for services, beyond his ordinary salary or 2. In theology, continuance in a state of grace 1. An individual human being consisting of
settled wages; or a fee allowed by law wl tu a state of glory ; sometimes called final body and soul. We apply the word to
an officer for a specific service, in lieu o erseverance. Hammond. | living beings only, possessed of a rational
an annual salary. [he latter is the com- '(PERSEVE/RANT, a. Constant in pursuit}| nature; the body when dead is not called
mon acceptation of the word in America.] of an undertaking. [.Vot used.] | aperson. It is applied alike to a man, wo-
PER’QUISITED, a. Supplied with perqui-| Ainsworth. | man or child.
sites. [.4 bad word and not used.} PERSEVE'RE, v. i. (L. persevero. The last!) A person is a thinking intelligent being.
Savage. component part of this word, severo, must \ Locke.
PERQUISI”TION, n. s asz. [L. perquisi- be the same as in assevero, with the radical) 2. A man. woman or child, considered as
tus.] An accurate inquiry or search. sense of set, fired or continued. So persist| opposed to things, or distinct from them.
Ainsworth. is formed with per and sisto, to stand. Con- A zeal for persons is far more easy to be per-
PERROQUETY,, n. [Fr.] A species of par- stant and continue have a like primary verted, than a zeal for things. Sprat.
rot; also, the Alcea Psittacula, an aquatic } sense. So we say, to hold on.] 3. A human being, considered with respect
 PER PER PER
to the living body or corporeal existence Character and success depend more on per- PERSONA’TION, n. The counterfeitine
only. The form of her person is elegant. sonal effort than on any external advantages. | of the person and character of another. —
You'll find her person difficult to gain. J. Hawes.)
Bacon.
So we speak of personal pride, personal PER/SONATOR, n. One who assumes the
en.
The rebels maintained the fight for a smallreflections, character of another. B. Jonson.
time, and for their persons showed 3. Pertaining to the corporal nature; ex- 2. One that acts or performs.
no want of
B. Jonson.
courage. terior ; corporal; as personal charms or PERSONIFI€A’TION, n. [from personify.]
Bacon.
4, A human being, indefinitely ;one; aman. accomplishments. Addison.
Let a person’s attainments be never so 4, Present in person; not acting by repre- The giving to an inanimate being the figure
great, he should remember he is frail and or the sentiments and language of a ra-
sentative ; as a personal interview. tional being ; prosopopia; as, “confu-
imperfect. The immediate and personal speaking of God, sion heard his voice.” Milion.
5. A human being represented in dialogue, almighty to Abraham, Job and Moses. White.
fiction, or on the stage; character. A Personal estate, in law, movables ; chattels;
PERSONIFIED, pp. Represented with
things belonging to the person ; as money, the attributes ofa person.
player appears in the person of king Lear.
These tables, Cicero pronounced under the jewels, furniture, &c. as distinguished from PERSON 'IFY, v. t. [L. persona and facio.]
person of Crassus, were of more use and au- real estate in land and houses. To give animation to inanimate objects ; to
thority than all the books of the philosophers. Personal action, in law, a suit or action by ascribe to an inanimate being the senti- a
Baker. which a man claims a debt or personal ments, actions or language of a rational
6. Character of office. duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein being or person, or to represent an inani-
How different is the same man from himself, he claims satisfaction in damages for an mate being with the affections and actions
as he sustains the person of a magistrate and
injury to his person or property ; an action of a person. Thus we say, the plants
that of a friend. South. thirst tor rain.
7. Ingrammar, the nominative to a verb ; the founded on contract or on tort or wrong 5
The trees said to the fig-tree, come thou,
as an action on a debt or promise, or an and reign over us. Judges ix.
agent that performs or the patient that
suffers any thing affirmed by a verb; as,| action for a trespass, assault or defamato- PERSON‘IFYING, ppr. Giving to an in-
I write ; he issmitten ; she is beloved; the} ry words; opposed to real actions, or such animate being the attributes of a person.
rain descends in torrents. I, thou or you, as concern real property. Blackstone.| ppR'ISONIZE 5
Personal identity, in metaphysics, sameness|| » vt. To personify. [Voi
he, she or it, are called the first, second} much used.} Richardson.
and third persons. Hence we apply the of being, of which consciousness is the PERSPE€’TIVE, a. [infra.] Pertaining to
word person to the termination or modifi- evidence. f the science of optics ; optical. Bucon.
ed form of the verb used in connection Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conjugated 2. Pertaining to the art of perspective.
with the persons ; as the first or the third in the three persons; thus called in dis-),
tinction from an impersonal verb, which PERSPE€'TIVE, x. [Fr.; It. perspettiva Encyc.
person of the verb; the verb is in the ;
second person. has the third person only. Encyc.|, Sp. perspectiva ; from L. perspicio ; per and
8. In law, an artificial person, is a corpora- PER/SONAL, n. A movable. [Not in use.] specto, to see.]
tion or body politic. Blackstone. PERSONALITY, n. That which consti-)| 1. A glass through which objects are view-
In person, by one’s self; with bodily pres- tutes an individual a distinet person, or ed Temple.
ence; not by representative. that which constitutes individuality. 2. The art of drawing on a plane surface
The personality of an intelligent being ex-
The king im person visits all around. tends itself beyond present existence to what is
true resemblances or pictures of objects,
Dryden. past, only by conciousness— Locke. as the objects appear to the eye from any
PER/SON, »v. t. To represent as a person; 2. Direct application or applicability to a)| distance and situation, real and imagina-
to make to resemble; to image. [Vol tn! person ; as the personality of aremark. — || ry; as the rules of perspective. Encyc.
use. | Milton. PER/SONALLY, adv. In person ; by bodi- 3. A representation of objects in perspective.
PER/SONABLE, a. Having a well formed ly presence ; not by representative orsub- | i f Encyc.
body or person; graceful; of good ap- stitute ;as, to be personally present; to)| 4. View ; vista ; as perspectives of pleasant
pearance ; as a personable man or woman. deliver a letter personally. They person- shades. Dryden.
Raleigh. ally declared their assent to the measure. 5. A kind ofpainting, often seen in gardens
2. Inlaw, enabled to maintain pleasin court. 2. With respect to an individual; particu- and at the end of a gallery, designed ex-
Cowel. larly. pressly to deceive the sight by represent-
3. Having capacity to take any thing grant- She bore a mortal hatred to the house of ing the continuation of an alley, a build-
ed or given. Plowden. Lancaster, and personally to the king. Bacon.) ing, a landscape or the like.
{The two latter senses, I believe, are little 3. With regard to numerical existence. Aerial perspective, the art of giving due dimin-
used.| ution to the strength of light, shade and
The converted man is personally the same
PER/SONAGE, n. [F. personnage.] A man he was before. Rogers. colors of objects, according to their dis-
or woman ofdistinction; as an illustrious PER/SONATE, v. ¢. To represent by a fic-| tances and the quantity of light falling on
personage. them, and to the medium through which
titious or assumed character so as to pass they are seen. Encye.
2. Exterior appearance; stature; air; as a for the person represented. Bacon. PERSPE€'TIVELY,
tall personage ; a stately personage. | 2. To represent by action or appearance ; adv. Optically ;
Shak. Hayward. through a glass; by representation.
to assume the character and act the part Shak.
3. Character assumed. of another. PER/SPICABLE, a. Discernible. Herbert.
The Venetians, naturally grave, love to give 3. To pretend hypoeritically. [Lattle used.] |PERSPI€A’CIOUS, a. [L. perspicax, from
in to the follies of such seasons, when disguised Swift.) perspicio. |
in a false personage. Addison. 4. To counterfeit ;to feign ; as a personated|
I. Quick sighted ; sharp of sight.
4. Character represented. devotion. Hammond.) )2. Of acute discernment. South.
Some persons must be found, already known) 5. To resemble. PERSPICA’/CIOUSNESS, n. Acuteness of
in history, whom we may make the actors and The lofty cedar personates thee. Shak. sight.
personages of this fable. Broome. 6. To make a representation of, asin picture.
IPERSPICACITY, n. [L. perspicacitas.]
PER/SONAL, a. [L. personalis.] Belonging Obs. Shak. |1. Acuteness of sight; quickness ofsight.
to men or women, not to things; notreal. 7. To describe. Obs. Shak. |2, _Acuteness of discernment or understand-
Every man so termed by way of personal dif- 8. To celebrate loudly. [L. persono.| Not ing.
ference only. Hooker. used. | Milton. PER’SPICACY, n. Acuteness of sight or
2. Relating to an individual; affecting indi- PER/SONATE, a. [L. persona, a mask.] discernment. B. Jonson.
viduals; peculiar or proper to him or her, Masked. A personate corol is irregular PER’SPICIL, n. [L. per and speculum, a
or to private actions or character. and closed by a kind of palate; or rin- glass.]
The words are conditional; if thou doest' gent, but closed between the lips by the (an optic glass. [Little used.)
well; and so personal to Cain. Locke. palate. Smith. Linne. Crashaw. Glanville.
 PER PER PER
PERSPICUITY, n. [Fr. perspicuité; L. I should be glad, if I could persuade him to 2. Forward ; saucy ; bold; indecorously
perspicuitas, from perspicio.] J write such another critick on any thing of mine. free.
1. Transparency; clearness; that quality Dryden. A lady bids me in a very pert manner mind
of a substance which renders objects vis- Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. my own affairs— Addison.
Acts xxvi.
ible through it. (Little used.] Brown.
2. Clearness to mental vision ; easinessto
2. To convince by argument, or reasons of- PERTA‘IN, v. 7. (L. pertineo ;per and teneo,
fered ; or to convince by reasons suggest- to hold; It. pertenere.|
be understood; freedom from obscurity
ed by reflection or deliberation, or by evi- 1. To belong ; to be the property, right or
or ambiguity ;that quality of writing or duty of.
language which readily presents to the dence presented in any manner to the
mind. Men hate those who affect honor by ambi-
mind of another the precise ideas of the Beloved, we are persuaded better things o tion, which pertaineth not to them.
author. Perspicuity is the first excellence you. Heb. vi. Hayward.
of writing or speaking. . 3. To inculcate by argument or expostula- He took the fortified cities which pertained
PERSPI€’UOUS, a. [L. perspicuus.] Trans- tion. [Little used.] Taylor. to Judah. 2 Kings xii.
parent; translucent. [atile used.] It pertains to the governor to open the ports
|4. To treat by persuasion. [,Vot in beet by proclamation. Anon.
Peacham. Shak. \2. To have relationto. Actsi.
2. Clear to the understanding ; that may be \PERSUA’DED, pp. Influenced or drawn |PERTEREBRA/TION, n. [L. per and ter-
clearly understood ; not obscure or am- to an opinion or determination by argu- ebratio.) The act of boring through.
biguous. Language is perspicuous when ment, advice or reasons suggested ; con- Ainsworth.
it readily presents to the reader or hearer vinced ; induced. PERTINA‘CIOUS, a. [L. pertinax ; per
the precise ideas which are intended to PERSUA‘DER, n. One that persuades or and teneo, to hold.]
be expressed. Meaning, sense or signifi- influences another. Bacon. 1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, pur-
cation is perspicuous, when it is clearly 2. That which incites. pose or design with obstinacy ; obstinate ;
and easily comprehended. Hunger and thirst at once,
perversely resolute or persistent; as perti-
PERSPI€/UOUSLY, adv. Clearly; plain- | Powerful persuaders ! Milton.
nacious in opinion; a man of pertinacious
ly ; in a manner to be easily understood. |PERSUA’‘DING, ppr. Influencing by mo- confidence. Walton.
Bacon.|, tives presented.
PERSUASIBIL/ITY, n. Capability of be- 2. Resolute ; firm; constant; steady.
Diligence is a steady, constant, pertinacious
PERSPI€/UOUSNESS, 7. Clearness to in-| | ing persuaded. Hallypwell.|
tellectual vision ; plainness; freedom from PERSUA’SIBLE, a. [L. persuastbilis.] That' study— South.
obscurity. {This word often implies a censurable de-
f| may be persuaded or influenced by rea- || gree of firmness or constancy, like ob-
[We generally apply perspicuous to objects o | sons offered. |
intellect, and conspicuous to objects of oc- |PERSUA’/SIBLENESS, n. The quality of | stinacy.|
ular sight.j PERTINA/‘CIOUSLY, adv. Obstinately ;
being influenced by persuasion. with firm or perverse adhereuce to opin-
PERSPIRABIL/ITY, 2. [from perspirable. }PERSUASION, n. s as z. >
[Fr. from L.
The quality of being perspirable.
2.
ion or purpose. He periinaciously main-
| persuasio. | tains his first opinions.
PER’SPIRABLE, a. [from L. perspiro. See 1. The act of persuading ; the act ofinflu-
Perspire.| IPERTINA‘CIOUSNESS, {L. pertina-
| eneing the mind by arguments or reasons PERTINAC'ITY. bn. cia] Frm
1. That may be perspired; that may be! offered, or by any thing that moves the or unyielding adherence to opinion or pur-
evacuated through the pores ofthe skin, | mind or passions, or inclines the will to a
Arbuthnot. | determination.
pose ; obstinacy. He pursues his scheme

|2.
2. Emitting perspiration. [ot proper.| with pertinacity.
For thou hast all the arts of fine perswasion. 2. Resolution ;constancy.
Bacon. Otway. PER’TINACY, n. [supra.] Obstinacy ; stub-
PERSPIRA’TION, n. [L. perspiro. See The state of being persuaded or convin- bornness ; persistency ; resolution; stead-
Perspire.| | ced; settled opinion or conviction pro- iness. |Little used.] Taylor.
1. The act of perspiring; excretion by the | ceediug from arguments and reasons of- PER/TINENCE, [L. pertinens, pertineo;
cuticular pores; evacuation of the fluids), fered by others, or suggested by one’s own |PER’TINENCY, § ™ per and teneo, to hold.]
of the body through the pores ofthe skin. reflections. Justness of relation to the subject or mat-
Encyce. Arbuthnot.|, When we have no other certainty of being
in the right, but our own persuasion that we ter in hand; fitness ;appositeness ; suita-
2. Matter perspired. are so— Gov. of the Tongue. bleness.
PER’/SPIRATIVE, a. Performing the act}: A creed or belief; or a sect or party ad- I have shown the fitness and pertinency of
of perspiration. hering to a creed or system of opinions ; dressed. the apostle’s discourse to the persons he ad-
PER’SPIRATORY, a, Perspirative. Bentley.
as men of the same persuasion; all per-
Berkeley. suasions concur in the measure. PER’TINENT, a. [L. pertinens.] Related
PERSPYURE, v. i. [L. per and spiro, to PERSUASIVE, a. Having the power of] to the subject or matter in band; just to
breathe. ] persuading ; influencing the mind or pas- the purpose ; adapted to the end propo-
1. To evacuate the fluids of the body sions; as persuasive eloquence: persuasive sed; apposite; not foreign to the thing
through the pores of the skin; as, a per- evidence. Hooker. South. intended. We say, he used an argument
son perspires freely. /PERSUA’SIVELY, adv. In such a manner not pertinent to his subject or design. The
2, To be evacuated or excreted through the as to persuade or convince. Milton. discourse abounds with pertinent remarks,
pores ofthe skin ; as, a fluid perspires. [PERSUA/SIVENESS, n. The quality of, He gave pertinent answers to the ques-
PERSPI’RE, v. t. To emit or evacuate having influence on the mind or passions. tions.
through the pores of the skin. — Smollett. Taylor. 2. Regarding ; concerning ; belonging. [Lit-
tle used.| Hooker.
PERSTRINGE, v. t. perstrinj’. [L. per- /PERSUA‘SORY, a. Having power or ten- }|PER'TINENTLY, adv. Appositely ; to the
stringo ; per and stringo, to graze or brush.])| | dency to persuade. Brown.
To graze ; to glance on. Burton. \PERSUL/PHATE, x. A combination of} purpose. He answered pertinently.
PER’TINENTNESS, xn. Appositeness.
PERSUA’DABLE, a. [See Persuade.] That]| sulphuric acid with the peroxyd ofiron.
Webster's Manual. PERTIN’GENT, a. [L. pertingens.] Reach-
may be persuaded. ing to.
PERSUA’DABLY, adv. So as to be per- (PERT, a. [W. pert, smart, spruce ; proba- PERT'LY, adv. Briskly ; smartly; with
suaded.
!
bly allied to perk, primarily erect, from!
|
shooting up or forward. ] prompt boldness.
PERSUA’DE, v. t. [L. persuadeo; per and |1. Lively ; brisk ; smart. 2. Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or
suadeo, to urge or incite.] boldness. Swift.
Awake the pert and nimble spirit of mirth.
1. To influence by argument, advice, in- Shak. PERT’NESS, n. Briskness ; smartness.
treaty or expostulation ; to draw or in- On the lawny sands and shelves, 2. Sauciness ; forward promptness or bold-
cline the will to a determination by pre- | Trip the pert fairies, and the dapper elves. ness; implying less than effrontery or wm-
senting motives to the mind. Milton."' pudence,
Vol. HL. 34
 PER PER PES
Pertness and ignorance may ask a question| Perwian bark, the bark of the Cinchona, al| 1. To turn from truth, propriety, or from its
in three lines, which it will cost learning and) tree of Peru; called also Jesuits’ bark. proper purpose; to distort from its true
ingenuity thirty pages toanswer. G. Spring.) The taste is bitter and pungent, and it is use or end; as, to pervert reason by mis-
3. Petty liveliness ; sprightliness without)
used as an astringent and tonic, in cases directing it; to pervert the laws by misin-
force, dignity or solidity. of debility, and particularly as a febrifuge terpreting and misapplying them; to per-
There is in Shaftsbury’s works a lively pert-
in intermittents. vert justice; to pervert the meaning of an
ness and a parade of literature. Watts.) PERVA/DE, v. t. (L. pervado; per and va- author ; to pervert nature ; to pervert truth.
PERTURB’, aie {L. perturbo ; per’ do, to go, Eng. to wade.}
PER’TURBATE, § "and turbo, proper- 1. To pass through an aperture, pore or in- 2. To turn from the right; Milton. to corrupt.
Dryden.
ly to turn, or to stir by turning.] terstice ; to permeate; as liquors that per- He in the serpent had perverted Eve.
1. To disturb; to agitate ; to disquiet. vade the pores. Newton. Milton.
2. To disorder; to confuse. Brown.) 2. To pass or spread through the whole ex-
(This verb is little used. The participle! |PERVERT’ED, pp. Turned from right to
tent ofa thing and into every minute part. | wrong; distorted; corrupted; misinter-
is in use.| What but God
PERTURBA‘TION, n. [L. perturbatio.] reted ;misemployed.
Pervades, adjusts and agitates the whole?
1. Disquiet or agitation of mind. Milton. Thomson. PERVERT’ER, n. One that perverts or
2. Restlessness of passions ; great uneasi- 3. We use this verb in a transitive form to turns from right to wrong; one that dis-
ness. express a passive or an intransitive signi- torts, misinterprets or misapplies.
3. Disturbance ; disorder; commotion in fication. Thus when we say, “the electric PERVERT'IBLE, a. That may be pervert-
public affairs. Bacon. fluid pervades the earth,” or “ ether pervades ed. Ainsworth.
4. Disturbance of passions ;commotion of the universe,” we mean only that the fluid /PERVERT'ING, ppr. Turning from right
spirit. B. Jonson.| is diffused through the earth or universe, to wrong ; distorting ; misinterpreting ;
5. Cause of disquiet. or exists in all parts of them. So when misapplying ; corrupting.
O polished perturbation, golden care ! we say, “a spirit of conciliation pervades Pervert, when used of persons, usually im-
Shak.| allclasses of men,” we may mean that plies evil design.
PERTURBA’TOR, , One that disturbs) such a spirit passes through all classes, or PERVES’TIGATE, v. t. [L. pervestigo ;per
PERTURB/ER, ‘or raises commo-) it exists among all classes. and vestigo, to trace ; vestigium, a track.
tion. [Little used.] PERVA/DED, pp. Passed through ; per- To find out by research. Cockeram.
PERTURB’ED, pp. Disturbed; agitated ; meated; penetrated in every part. PERVESTIGA’TION, n. Diligent inquiry;
disquieted. [PERVA/DING, ppr. Passing through or thorough research. Chillingworth.
Rest, rest, perturbed spirit. Shak. extending to every part of a thing. /PERVI€A/CIOUS, a. [L. pervicar; com-
PERTU’SE, {L. pertusus, pertundo ;|PERVA/SION, n. s as z. The act of perva- posed perhaps of per and Teutonic wigan,
PERTU’SED, §“ per and tundo, to beat.]) ding or passing through the whole extent to strive or contend.]
1. Punched ; pierced with holes. | ofa thing. Boyle. Very obstinate ; stubborn ;willfully contrary
2. In botany, full of hollow dots on the sur- PERVERSE, a. pervers'. [L. perversus. See} or refractory. Denham.
face, asa leaf. Pervert.| PERVI€A/CIOUSLY, adv. With willful
PERTU'SION, n. s asz. [L. pertusus, per-| 1. Literally, turned aside; hence, distorted obstinacy.
tundo.| : # Ae from the right. Milton. PERVI€A/CIOUSNESS, Stubborn-
1. The act of punching, piercing or thrust- 2. Obstinate in the wrong; disposed io be |PERVI€ACITY, * ness ; will-
ing through with a pointed instrument. contrary ; stubborn; untractable. ful obstinacy. [Zattle used.]
The manner of opening a vein in Hippo-|
crates’s time, was by stabbing or pertusion. To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. PER'VIOUS, a. (L. pervius; per and via,
Arbuthnot. Dryden. way, or from the root of that word.]
2. A little hole made by punching ; a perfo- 3. Cross; petulant ; peevish ; disposed to 1. Admitting passage; that may be pene-
ration. Bacon. cross and vex. trated by another body or substance ; per-
PERU’KE, n. [Fr. perruque ; It. perrucca; Vl frown and be perverse, and say thee nay. meable; penetrable. We say, glass is per-
Sp. peluca ; D. paruik ; G. perriicke ; Sw. Shak. vious to light; a porous stone is pervious
peruk.| to water; a wood is pervious or not pervi-
PERVERSELY, adv. pervers‘ly. With in- ous to a body oftroops.
An artificial cap of hair ; a periwig. tent to vex; crossly; peevishly ; obsti-
Wiseman. nately in the wrong. Locke. Swift. A country pervious to the arms and authority
PERU/KE-MAKER, n. A maker of pe- PERVERSENESS, n. pervers/ness. Dispo-|. of the conqueror. Gibbon.
rukes ; a wig-maker. sition to cross or vex; untractableness ; 2. That may be penetrated by the mental
PERU/SAL, n. s as z. [from peruse.] The crossness of temper; a disposition uncom- sight.
act of reading. plying, unnaccommodating or acting in op- By darkness they mean God, whose secrets
This treatise requires application in the peru- position to what is proper or what is de- are pervious to no eye. Taylor.
sal. Woodward. sired by others. 3. Pervading; permeating ; as pervious fire.
2. Careful view or examination. [Unusual.] Her whom he wishes most, shall seldom gain Not proper. | Prior.
Taller. Through her perverseness. Milton. PER’VIOUSNESS, n. The quality of ad-
PERU’SE, v. t. sas z. [Some ofthe senses| 2. Perversion. [.Vol used.] Bacon. mitting passage or of being penetrated ;
of this word would lead to the inference, PERVER’SION, x. [Fr. from L. perversus.]) as the perviousness of glass to light.
that it is from the Latin perviso. If not, I The act of perverting; a turning from} Boyle.
know not its origin.] truth or propriety; a diverting from the} PESA’DE, a. [Fr. passade. See Pass.}
1. 'To read, or to read with attention. true intent or object; change to some- The motion of a horse when he raises his
Addison. thing worse. We speak of the perversion fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the
2. To observe; to examine with careful sur- of the laws, when they are misinterpreted ground without advancing. Far. Dict.
vey. Obs. or misapplied ; a perversion of reason, PE'SO, n. [supra.] A Spanish coin weigh-
I have perus’d her well. Shak. when it is misemployed ; a perversion of ing an ounce ; a piaster; a piece ofeight.
Myself I then perus’d, and limb by limb Scripture, when it is willfully misinter- Sp. Dict.
Survey’d. Milton. reted or misapplied, &c. PES/SARY, na. [Fr. pessaire ; It. pessario ;
oe SED, pp. Read; observed; examin-| PERVERS/ITY, n. Perverseness ; cross- L. pessus.]
ed. | ness; disposition to thwart or cross. A solid substance composed of wool, lint or
PERU/SER, n. One that reads or examines. Norris. linen, mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c.
’ Pian Woodward.| PERVERS’IVE, a. Tending to pervert or made round and long like a finger, to be
PERU’SING, ppr. Reading; examining. corrupt. introduced into the neck of the matrix for
PERU‘VIAN, a. Pertaining to Peru, in| PERVERT’, v. t. [L. perverio ; per and} the cure of some disorder. Encye.
South America. | verto, to turn.] \An instrument that is introduced into the va-
 PES PET PET
vina to support the uterus. It is made o: PEST ILENTLY, adv. Mischievously; de- PET’/AL-SHAPED, a. Having the shape of
wood, elastic gum, waxed linen, &c. structively. a petal.
Hooper. Cooper. PESTILLA’TION, xn. [from L. pistillum, PET‘ARD, n. [It. Sp. petardo; Fr. pet-
PEST, n. [Fr. peste; L. pestis; It. peste, Eng. pestle.] ard.|
whence appestare, to infect or corrupt, Sp. The act of pounding and bruising in a mor- An engine of war made of metal, vearly in
apestar. These words may be allied to tar. [Little used] Brown. the shape of'a hat, to be loaded with pow-
the Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. ws3 to be fetid, Ar. PESTLE, n. pes‘l. [L. pistillum, and proba- der and fixed on a madrier or plank, and
to beat or throw down, or to a verb of that bly pinso, for piso, to pound or beat; Sw. used to break gates, barricades, draw-
family. The primary sense is probably to piska, to strike. See Pest.] bridges and the like, by explosion.
strike or beat, hence a stroke. See Class
An instrument for pounding and breaking Encyc.
Bs. No. 25. 39. 48.] ¢ ma |) substances in a mortar. Locke. Rein
1. Plague; pestilence ; a fatal epidemic dis- n. [Sp. petequia; It. petec-
Pestle ofpork, a gammon of bacon. chia.
ease. Ainsworth. Purple spots which appear on the skin in
Let fierce Achilles
The god propitiate, and the pest assuage. PET, n. [This word may be contracted from malignant fevers.
Pope. petulant, or belong to the root of that PETE’€CHIAL, a. [Sp. petequial ; It. petec-
2, Any thing very noxious, mischievous or word. Peevish, which is evidently a con- chiale.|
destructive. The talebearer, the gambler, tracted word, may be from the same Spotted. A petechial fever is a malignant
the libertine, the drunkard, are pests to so- root.] fever accompanied with purple spots on
ciety. |A slight fit of peevishness or fretful discon- the skin.
Of all virtues justice is the best ; tent.
Valor without it is a common pest. Life given for noble purposes must not be Peres, [See Saltpeter.]
Waller. thrown away in a pet, nor whined away in love PET’EREL, An aquatic fowl of the ge-
PEST’ER, »v. ¢. [Fr. pester.] To trouble ; to Collier. PET’REL, :nus Procellaria.
disturb ; to annoy; to harass with little PET, n. [formerly peat. Qu. W. péth, a lit- PE’/TERPENCE, n. A tax or tribute for-
vexations. tle ; péthan, a babe or little thing; D. bout, merly paid by tiie English people to the
We are pestered with mice and rats. More. a duck or dear; Ir. baidh, love; L. peto, or pope ; being a penny for every house, pay-
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the re able at Lammas day. It was called also
world with their insufferable stuff. Dryden. Gr. x0$0s, xofeo. In Pers. Cys bat is Romescot. Hall.
2. To encumber. Milton. PE/TERWORT, n. A plant.
an idol, a dear friend, a mistress. In Russ.
PEST’ERED, pp. Troubled ; disturbed; an-
noyed. pitayu signifies to feed, nourish or bring PET’IOLAR, Pertaining to a petiole,
up. The real origin of the word is doubt- PET’/IOLARY, ,© or proceeding from it;
PEST’ERER, n. One that troubles or har- ful.] as a petiolar tendril.
asses with vexation. 2. Formed from a petiole ; as a petiolar bud.
PEST’ERING, ppr. Troubling; disturbing. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by
3. Growing on a petiole ; asa petiolar gland.
PEST’EROUS, a. Encumbering ; burden- 2. hand. Martyn.
A fondling ; any little animal fondled and
some. [Little used.] Bacon.
indulged. Tatler. PETIOLATE, a Growing on a petiole;
PEST’HOUSE, n. A house or hospital for PET/IOLED, * as a petiolate leaf.
persons infected with any contagious and PET, v. ¢. To treat as a pet; to fondle; to Martyn.
mortal disease. indulge.
PET'IOLE, n. [L. petiolus, probably a di-
PESTIF’EROUS, a. [L. pestis, plague, and PE’TAL, n. [Fr. petale ; Gr. xezvarov, from minutive from pes, pedis.]
Jero, to produce.] netaw, to expand, L. pateo. Class Bd. No. In botany, a leaf-stalk; the foot-stalk of a
1. Pestilential; noxious to health; malig- 65. &c.] leaf. Martyn.
nant ; infectious ; contagious. In botany, a flower leaf. In flowers of one PETIT, a. pet'ty. [Fr. See Petty.] Small;
Arbuthnot. petal, the coro] and petal are the same. In little ; mean. South.
2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society; flowers of several petals, the corol is the This word petit is now generally written
mischievous; destructive. | whole, and the petals are the parts, or the pelty.
3. Troublesome : vexatious. Shak.|| pelal is one of the leaves of which the Petit constable, an inferior civil officer subor-
PEST/ILENCE, n. [L. pestilentia, from pes-| whole corol is composed. Martyn. dinate to the high constable.
tilens ; pestis, plague.] |PET’ALED, ba Having petals; as a pet- Petit jury. a jury of twelve freeholders who
1. Plague, appropriately so called; but ina |PET’ALOUS, § “aled flower ;opposed to are empanneled to try causes at the bar of
general sense, any contagious or infectious apetalous. This word is much used in a court; so called in distinction from the
disease that is epidemic and mortal. compounds ; as one-petaled ; three-petaled. grand jury, which tries the truth of in-
Shak. PET’ALINE, a. Pertaining to a petal; at- dictments. °
2. Corruption or moral disease destructive tached to a petal; as a petaline nectary. Petit larceny, the stealing of goods ofthe val-
to happiness. Barton. ue of twelve pence, or under that amount ;
Profligate habits camy pestilence into the PET’ALISM, n. [Gr. xetarcouos. See Petal.| opposed to grand larceny.
bosom of domestic society. J. M. Mason. A form of sentence among the ancient Petit serjeanty, in English law, the tenure of
PEST/ILENT, a. [L. pestilens, from pestis, Syracusaps, by which they proscribed a lands of the king, by the service of ren-
plague.] citizen whose wealth or popularity alarm- dering to him annually some implement of
1. Producing the plague, or other malignant, ed their Jealousy, or who was suspected of, bled as a bow, an arrow, a sword, lance,
contagious disease; noxious to health and aspiring to sovereign power; temporary Ce
life ; as a pestilent air or climate. Bacon. proscription, or banishment for five years. Petit treason, the crime of killing a person.
2. Mischievous ; noxious to morals or socie- The mode was to give their votes by writ- to whom the offender owes duty or sub-
ty; destructive; in a general sense; as ing his name ona leaf. Petalism in Syra- jection. Thusit is pelit treason for a wife
pestilent books. cuse answered to ostracism in Athens. to kill her husband, or a servant his lord
3. Troublesome ;mischievous; making dis- Encyc. Cyc. or master. Blackstone.
turbance ; corrupt; as a pestilent fellow. PET’ALITE, nz. [Gr. zezaaor, a leaf.] A rare PETIT-MAITRE, n. pet'ty-maitre. [Fr. a
Acts xxiv. mineral occurring in masses, having a fol- little master.]
PESTILEN’TIAL, a. Partaking of the na- lated structure; its color milk white or A spruce fellow that dangles about females ;
ture of the plague or other infectious dis- shaded with gray, red or green. The new a fop; a coxcomb. Addison.
ease ; as a pestilential fever. alkali, lithia, was first discovered in this PETITION, n. [L. petitio, from pelo, to
2. Producing or tending to produce infec- mineral. Cleaveland. ask, properly to urge or press, Sax. bid-
tious disease ; as pestilential vapors. PET’/ALOID, a. [petal and Gr, dos, form.] dan, Goth. bidyan, G. bitten, D. bidder,
3. Mischievous ;destructive ;pernicious. Having the form of petals. Sw. bedia, Dan. beder, Sp. pedir, Arm.
South.|! Barton. Rafinesque. pidi, Ir. impidhim, Corn. pidzha. Qu
 PET PET PEW
Ch. wa to supplicate. See Class Bd. No. 3. In popular usage, a body incrusted with|PET’TISHNESS, 7. Fretfulness ; petu-
57. 63. 64.] joi stony matter ; an incrustation. lance ; peevishness. Collier.
_ . Ina general sense, a request, supplication Ed. Encyc. PET’TITOES, n. [petty and toes.] The toes
or prayer; but chiefly and appropriately, PETRIFA€’TIVE, a. Pertaining to petri- or feet of a pig; sometimes used for the
a solemn or formal supplication; a prayer faction. human feet in contempt. Shak.
addressed by a person to the Supreme Be- 2. Having power to convert vegetable or an- PET’TO, n. [It. from L. pectus, the breast.]
ing, for something needed or desired, or a imal substances into stone. Brown. The breast ;hence,in petto, in secrecy ; in
branch or particular article of prayer. PETRIF’I€, a. Having power to convert reserve. Chesterfield.
Law. into stone. Milton. PET’TY, a. (Fr. petit.| Small; little; tri-
~~ A formal request or supplication, verbal The cold, dry, petrific mace of a false and un- fling ;inconsiderable ; as a petty trespass ;
or written ; particularly, a written suppli- feeling philosophy. Burke. a petty crime. Milton.
cation from an inferior to a superior, ei- PET’RIFICATE, v. t. To petrify. [ot 2. Inferior ; as a petty prince. Denham.
ther to a single person clothed with pow- | used. Hall -|We usually write petty constable, petty
er, or toa legislative or other body, solicit- PETRIFICA’TION, n. The process of petri- jury, petty larceny, petty treason. [See
ing some favor, grant, right or mercy. fying. Petit.)
3. The paper containing a supplication or 2. That which is petrified; a petrifaction. PET’ TYCHAPS, n. A small bird ofthe ge-
solicitation. Much of the time of our le- (The latter word is generally used.] nus Motacilla, called also beambird ;found
gislative bodies is consumed in attending 3. Obduracy ; callousness. Hallywell. in the north of Europe. Pennant.
to private petitions. The speaker’s table [PET’RIFIED, pp. Changed into stone. The beambird is the spotted fly-catcher,
is often loaded with petitions. Petitions 2. Fixed in amazement. of the genus Muscicapa. Ed. Encyc.
to the king of Great Britain must contain IPET’RIFY, v. t. [L. petra, Gr. mtetpos, a! PET/TY€OY, n. An herb. Ainsworth.
nothing reflecting on the administration. stone or rock, and facto, to make.] PET/ULANCE, [L. petulantia ; Fr. pet-
Encye. 1. To convert to stone or stony substance; PET’ULANCY, .™ ulance.]
PETITION, v. t. To make a request to; as an animal or vegetable substance. Freakish passion ; peevishness ; pettishness ;
to ask from; to solicit; particularly, to North of Quito, there is a river that petrifies sauciness, Peevishness is not precisely
any sort of wood or leaves. virwan. synonymous with petulance; the former
make supplication to a superior for some
favor or right; as, to petition the legisla- 2. To make callous or obdurate ; as, to pet- implying more permanence of a sour, fret-
ture ; to petition a court of chancery.
rify the heart. ful temper; the latter more temporary or
The mother petitioned her goddess to bestow}|,
And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope. capricious irritation.
on them the greatest gift that could be given. 3. To fix; as, to petrify one with astonish- That which looked like pride in some, and
Addison. ment. petulance in others. Clarendon.
PETI’TIONARILY, adv. By way of beg- PET’RIFY, v. i. To become stone, or of a The pride and petulance of youth. Watts.
ging the question. Brown. stony hardness, as animal or vegetable PET'ULANT, a. [L. petulans.] Saucy ; pert
PETI’TIONARY, «a. Supplicatory ; com- substances by means of calcarious or oth- or forward with fretfulness or sourness of
ing with a petition. er depositions in their cavities. temper ; as a petulant youth.
Pardon thy petitionary countrymen. Shak. PET’/RIFYING, ppr. Converting into stone ; 2. Manifesting petulance; proceeding from
2. Containing a petition or request ; - a pe- as pelrifying operation. Kirwan. pettishness ; as a petulant demand; apet-
titionary prayer; a petitionary epistle. PE/TROL, in [Fr. petrole, from Gr. ulant answer. ‘
hay : re a Swift. |PETRO/LEUM, § ° zezpos, a stone, and 3. Wanton; freakish in passion.
PETITIONER, n. One that presents a pe- erowor, Oil; quasi petrolaion.} PET’ULANTLY, adv. With petulance ;
tition, either verbal or written. Rock oil, a liquid inflammable substance or with saucy pertness.
PETI’ TIONING, ppr. Asking as a favor, bitumen exsuding from the earth and col- PETUNSE, Porcelain clay
grant, right or mercy ; supplicating. Jected on the surface of the waterin wells, PETUNTSE, n. petuns’. so called, used
PETITIONING, n. The act of asking or in various parts of the world, or oozing PETUNTZE, by the Chinese
soliciting; solicitation ;supplication. Tu- from cayities in rocks. This is essentially in the manufacture of porcelain or china-
multuous petitioning is made penal by composed of carbon and hydrogen. ware. It is a variety offeldspar.
statute. Fourcroy. Kirwan. Cye. Encyc. Cleaveland.
PET/ITORY, a. Petitioning; soliciting. [Vot (PET’RONEL, n. A horseman’s pistol. PEW, xn. [D. puye; L. podium.) An inclosed
used. | Brewer. PET’ROSILEX, n. [L. petra, Gr. mezpos, a seat in a church. Pews were formerly
PETONG’, 2. The Chinese name of a spe- stone, and silex, flint.] made square ; in modern churches in
cies of copper of a white color. It is Rock stone ; rock flint, or compact feldspar. America they are generally long and nar-
sometimes confounded with tutenag. PETROSILI’CIOUS, a. Consisting of pe- row, and sometimes called slips.
Pinkerton. trosilex ; as petrosilictous breccias. PEW, v. t. To furnish with pews. [Little
PETRE’AN, a. [L. petra, a rock.] Pertain- Kirwan. used. ] Ash.
ing to rock or stone. Faber. PE’/TROUS, a. [L. petra, a stone.] Like PE/WET, n. An aquatic fowl, the sea crow
PETRES/CENCE, n. The process of chang- stone; hard; stony. Hooper. or mire crow, of the genus Larus.
ing into stone. Kirwan. PET’TICOAT, n. [Fr. petit, petty, and coat.]) Encye.
PETRES'CENT, a. [Gr. zerpos, a stone, L. A garment worn by females and covering 2. The lapwing. Ainsworth.
petra.) f the lower limbs. PEW’-FELLOW, zn. A companion.
Converting into stone; changing into stony PET’TIFOG, v. i. [Fr. petit, small, and Bp. Hall.
hardness. Boyle. voguer, to row. But in Norman, voguer PEW’TER, n. [It. peltro; Sp. peltre, from
PETRIFAG'TION, n. [See Pelrify.] The is rendered to call again, to return, as if] which pewter is formed by a change of 1
process of changing into stone; the con- from L. voco, like advocate.| | into w, as the French change belle into
version of wood or any animal or vegeta- To do small business ; as a lawyer. [Vul- beau. We receive the word from the
ble substance into stone or a body of stony ar. Norm. peautre. |
hardness. PELTIFOGGER, n. An inferior attorney 1. A composition or factitious metal, consist-
When the water in which wood is lodged is or lawyer who is employed in small or
slightly impregnated with petrescent particles, ing of tin and lead, or tin, lead and brass,
mean business. in the proportions of a hundred pounds of
the petrifaction very slowly takes place.
Kirwan. PET’TIFOGGERY, n. The practice of a tin to fifteen of lead, and six of brass.
2. That which is converted from animal or nettifogger ; tricks; quibbles. Milton. This was formerly in extensive use in do-
vegetable substance into stone. PET’TINESS, n. [from pelty.] Smaliness;| mestic utensils or vessels ; but being a soft
—The calearious petrifaction littleness.
called osteo- Shak.| composition and easily melted, is now less
colla. PET’TISH, a. [from pet.] Fretful; peevish ;)
Kirwan. used.
An organized body rendered hard by subject to freaks of ill temper. Creech. 2. Vessels or utensils made of pewter; as
depositions of stony matter in its cavities. PET’TISHLY, adv. In a pet ; with a freak plates, dishes, porringers and the like.
Ure. ofill temper. | Addison.
 PoHA PHA PH i
PEW’TERER, n. One whose occupation is Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. The art or practice of preparing, preserving
to make vessels and utensils of pewter. Pope. and compounding substances, whether
Boyle. 2. A fancied vision. Pope. vegetable, mineral or animal, for the pur-
PHA‘ETON, n. [Gr. from pawe, to shine.] PHA‘RAON, x. The name of a game off poses of medicine; the occupation of an
1. In mythology, the son of Pheebus and Cly- chance. apothecary. Encyc.
mene, or of Cephalus and Aurora, that is, PHARAON’IE, a. Pertaining to the Phara- PHA’‘ROS, n. [Gr. papos. This word is gen-
the son of light or of the sun. This aspir- ohs or kings of Egypt, or to the old Egyp- erally supposed to be taken from the name
ing youth begged of Phebus that he would} tians. , Niebuhr. ofa small isle, near Alexandria, in Egypt.
roa him toguide the chariot of the sun,| PHARISA‘Te, a, (from Pharisee.] Per- But qu. isnot the word from the root of fire,
in doing which he manifested want of /PHARISA‘I€AL, § ™ taining to the Phari- or from the Celtic fuirim, to watch, and
skill, and being struck with a thunderbolt sees; resembling the Pharisees, a sect the isle so called from the tower upon it ?]
by Jupiter, he was hurled headlong into among the Jews, distinguished by their) - A light-house or tower which anciently
the river Po. This fable probably orig- zeal for the traditions of the elders, and stood on a small isle of that name, adjoin-
inated in the appearance of a comet with by their exact observance of these tradi- ing the Egyptian shore, over against Al-
a splendid train, which passed from the tions and the ritual law. Hence pharisaic exandria. It consisted of several stories
sight in the northwest of Italy and Greece. denotes addicted to external forms and and galleries, with a lantern on the top,
2. An open carriage like a chaise, on four ceremonies ; making a show of religion which was kept burning at night as a
wheels, and drawn by two horses. without the spirit of it; as pharisaic holi- guide to seamen. Encyc. Cyc.
3. In ornithology, a genus of fowls, the tropic ness. Bacon. 2. Any light-house for the direction of sea-
bird. PHARISA’ICALNESS, n. Devotion to ex- men ; a watch-tower; a beacon.
PHAGEDEN’IE€, a. (Gr. payedaurxos, from ternal rites and ceremonies : external PHARYNGOT/OMY, n. [Gr. papryg, the
gaye, to eat.] show of religion without the spirit ofit. muscular and glandular bag that leads to
Eating or corroding flesh; as a phagedenic PHAR/ISAISM, x. The notions, doctrines|| | the esophagus, and teu, to cut.]
ulcer or medicine. and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. ‘The operation of making an incision into
Phagedenic water, is made from quick lime 2. Rigid observance of external forms of re-|) the pharynx to remove a tumor or any
and corrosive sublimate. ligion without genuine piety ; hypocrisy | thing that obstructs the passage. Coxe.
PHAGEDEN’I€, n. A medicine or applica- in religion. Encye. Milner. PHASE, plu. phases. [Gr. pacts, from
tion that eats away proud or fungous PHARISE’AN, a. Following the practice PHA'SIS, §"" pax, paw, to shine.]
flesh. Encye. Hooper.|| of the Pharisees. Milton. 1. In @ general sense, an appearance; that
PHALAN’GIOUS, a. [Gr. parayyur, a kind PHAR'ISEE, n. [Heb. 019, to separate.] which is exhibited to the eye; appropri-
of spider, from ¢gadayé.] One of a sect among the Jews, whose re- ately, any appearance or quantity of illu-
ligion consisted in a strict observance of

|
Pertaining to the genus of spiders denomi- mination of the moon or other planet.
nated garayyor, phalangium. Brown. rites and ceremonies and ofthe traditions The moon presents different phases at the
PHAL/ANGITE, n. [Gr. garayyerys, a le- | of the elders, and whose pretended holi- full and the quadratures.
gionary soldier.] ness led them to separate themselves as a |2. In mineralogy, transparent green quartz.
A soldier belonging to a phalanx. Mitford. sect, considering themselves as more right- | Cye.

[Gr 4
PHASEL, n. [Gr. pasyaos or pastoaos.], The
PHAL’ANX, n. [L.; Gr. garayg.] In Grecian eous than other Jews.
antiquity, a square battalion or body of \PHARMACEU’TIE, [Gr pappnaxev-|| | French bean or kidney bean.
soldiers, formed in ranks and files close PHARMACEU’TI€AL, texos, from pap- (\PHASM, (Gr. from paw. , paw, supra. |
and deep, with their shields joined and Haxevo, to practice witchcraft or use IPHAS’MA, ¢ Appearance ; fancied appa-
pikes crossing each other, so as to render medicine ;papuaxoy, poison or medicine.] | | rition; phantom. [Zvttle used.]
it almost impossible to break it. The}, Pertaining to the knowledge or art of phar- Hammond.
Macedonian phalanx, celebrated for its macy, or to the art of preparing medi- PHAS/SA€HATE, n. The lead colored
force, consisted of 8000 men; but smaller cines. agate. [See 4gate.] Encyc.
bodies of soldiers were called by the same), PHARMACEU’TI€ALLY, adv. In the
PHEASANT, n. phez/ant. [Fr. faisan; It.
name. Encyc. Mitford. | manner of pharmacy.
Jfagiano; Sp. faysan; L. phasianus ; Gr.
w. Any body of troops or men formed in close PHARMACEU'TIE€S, n. The science of)
preparing and exhibiting medicines. pastavos; Russ. phazan; supposed to be
array, or any combination of people dis-
Parr. so named from the river Phasis, in Asia.
tinguished for firmness and solidity of
\PHAR'MA€OLITE, x. Arseniate of lime, But is it not from some root signifying to
union.
snow white or milk white, inclining to be spotted? See Class Bs. No. 34.]
. In anatomy, the three rows of small bones
forming the fingers. reddish or yellowish white. It oceurs in A fowl of the genus Phasianus, of beautiful
small reniform, botryoidal and globular plumage, and its flesh delicate food.
rs. In natural history, a term used to express
the arrangement of the columns of a sort} masses, and has asilky luster. Dict. PHEER, x. A companion. [Sax. gefera.}
of fossil corolloid, called lithostrotion, found IPHARMA€COL/OGIST, n. [Gr. papuaxor [See Peer.}
in Wales. Woodward. and Acyw.] |PHEESE, v. t. To comb. [See Fease.]
PHAL’AROPE, n. The name of several \One that writes on drugs, or the composi- |PHEN’GITE, n. [Gr. peyyerns, from geyyo,
species of water fowls inhabiting the tion and preparation of medicines. | to shine.]
northern latitudes of Europe and America. Woodward. |A beautiful species of alabaster, superior in
Pennant. PHARMA€OL/OGY, n. [supra.] The sci- | brightness to most species of marbles.
PHAN’TASM, n. [Gr. gavrasua. from ar- ence or knowledge ofdrugs, or the art of | Encyc.
tagw, to show, from the root of awa, to preparing medicines.
2. A treatise-on the art of preparing medi- IPHEN'ICOPTER, n. (Gr. powrxorrepos,
shine ; Pawouac, to appear.| red winged ; owrxos, red, and zrepor,
That which appears to the mind; the image | cines. Encyc.
of an external object; hence, an idea
/PHARMACOPATA,
or
2 (Gr. gappaxoy!| | wing.]
notion. It usually denotes a vain or airy}, PHAR/MACOPY, ‘and = xoew, to A fowl of the genus Phenicopterus, the
make. ] flamingo, inhabiting the warm latitudes of
appearance ; something imagined. |
both continents. Hakewill.
All the interim is A dispensatory ; a book or treatise describ-
Like a phantasm ora hideous dream. ing the preparations of the several kinds PHE'NIX, vn. (Gr. pod; L. phenix, the
Shak.
of medicines, with their uses and manner palm or date tree, and a fowl.]
PHANTAS’TIE, 2 [See Fantastic and\Fan- 1. The fowl which is said to exist single,
PHAN’TASY. cy.| of application.
IPHARMA€COP‘OLIST, x. [Gr. ¢apyaxoy and to rise again from its own ashes.
PHAN’TOM, n. [Fr. fantéme, corrupted and mwacw, to sell.} One that sells medi- Locke.
from L. phantasma.] cines; an apothecary. 2. A person of singular distinction.
1, Something that appears; an apparition; PHAR’MACY, n. [Gr. apyaxea, a me- PHENOGAM'IAN, a. (Gr. gave and ya-
a specter. dicament, whether salutary or poisonous.|! Hos.}
 PH I PHI ies |
In botany, having the essential organs off PHILOLOG'Té€, See Philology.| 7. Calm; cool; temperate; rational; sucis
fructification visible. PHILOLOG/I€AL, % Pertaining to phi- as characterizes a philosopher.
PHENOMENOL/OGY, x. [phenomenon lology, or to the study and knowledge of, PHILOSOPH’I€ALLY, adv. In a philo-
and Gr. royos, discourse.] A description language. Watts. sophical manner ; according to the rules
or history of phenomena. Encyc. PHILOL/OGIZE, v. i. To offer criticisms. or principles of philosophy; as, to argue
PHENOM'ENON, n. plu. phenomena. [Gr. (Little used.] Evelyn. philosophically.
pawoueror, from pawouat, to appear.] PHILOL/OGY, n. [Gr. parcroyia; pirca, to} 2. Calmly; wisely; rationally.
In a general sense, an appearance ; any thing love, and Aoyos, a word.] \PHILOS’OPHISM, n. [Gr. 9:d0s, a lover,
visible ;whatever is presented to the eye 1. Primarily, a love of words, or a desire to and copisua, sophism. }
by observation or experiment, or what- know the origin and construction of lan-, 1. The love of fallacious arguments or false
ever is discovered to exist; as the phe- uage. Ina more general sense, reasoning.
nomena of the natural world ; the phenom- 2. That branch ofliterature which compre- 2. The practice of sophistry. Ch. Obs.
ena of heavenly bodies, or of terrestrial hends a knowledge of the etymology or \PHILOS’/OPHIST, n. A lover of sophis-
substances ; the phenomena of heat or o origin and combination of words; gram-|) try ; one who practices sophistry.
color. It sometimes denotes a remarka- mar, the construction of sentences or use Porteus.
ble or unusual appearance. of words in language; criticism, the in- PHILOSOPHIS’TIe, Pertaining to
PHE/ON, n. In heraldry, the barbed iron terpretation of authors, the affinities of]PHILOSOPHIS/TICAL, , * the love or
head of a dart. different languages, and whatever relates practice of sophistry.
PHI/AL, n. [L. phicla; Gr. porn; Pers.| to the history or present state of languages. PHILOS/OPHIZE, v. 7. [from philosophy. |
pialah; It. fiale; Fr. fiole.] It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, ) To reason like a philosopher; to search
1. A glass vessel or bottle; in common history and antiquities. into the reason and nature of things; to
usage, a small glass vessel used for hold- PHI/LOMATH, n. [Gr. prrouatns; pros, all investigate phenomena and assign rational
ing liquors, and particularly liquid medi- lover, and warfare, to learn.] A lover oF
causes for their existence. Sir Isaac New-
cines. It is often written and pronounced learning. ton lays down four rules of philosophizing.
vial. PHILOMATH‘IE€, a. Pertaining to the love Two doctors of the schools were philosophiz-
2. A large vessel or bottle made of glass; as of learning. ing on the advantages of mankind above all
the Leyden phial, which is a glass vessel 2. Having a love of letters. Med. Repos. other creatures. LDEstrange.
partly coated with tinfoil, to be used in PHIL/OMATHY, x. The love oflearning. (PHILOS’/OPHIZING, ppr. Searching into
electrical experiments. |\PHI/LOMEL, {from Philomela, the reasons of things ; assigning reasons
PHIAL, v. t. To put or keep in a phial. PHILOME’LA, daughter of Pan- | for phenomena.
Shenstone. dion, king of Athens, who was changed
into a nightingale.] The nightingale. PHILOSOPHY, x. [L. philosophia; Gr.
PHILADELPHIAN, a. [Gr. dros and
aderpos. | Pope.) | praosopia ; praca, love; @irew, to love, and
copia, wisdom. |
Pertaining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy) PHIL/OMOT, a. [corrupted from Fr. feu-} 1. Literally, the love of wisdom. But in mod-
Philadelphus. ille morte, a dead leaf.| Of the color ofaj)
ern acceptation, philosophy is a general
PHILADELPH IAN, n. One of the family) dead leat. Addison.
| term denoting an explanation of the rea-
of love. Tatler. PHILOMU’SICAL, a. Loving music.
Busby. sons of things; or an investigation of the
PHILANTHROP’I€, A {See Philan- | causes of all phenomena both of mind and
PHILANTHROP ICAL, § “ thropy.] Pos- PHILOPOLEMT€, a. [Gr. aos, a lover,|) of matter. When applied to any particu-
sessing general benevolence ; entertaining) and ztoazucxos, warlike. |
lar department of knowledge, it denotes
good will towards all men; loving man- Ruling over opposite or contending natures ; the collection of general laws or princi-
kind. anepithet of Minerva. Pausanias, Trans.
PHILOS/OPHATE, v. 7. [L. philosophor, ples under which all the subordinate phe-
2. Directed to the general good.
philosophatus.| ‘To play the philosopher; nomena or facts relating to that subject,
PHILAN’THROPIST, n. A person of gen- to moralize. [Nol used.] Barrow. are comprehended. Thus, that branch of
eral benevolence ; one who loves or wishes PHILOSOPHA’TION, 2. Philosophical philosophy which treats of God, &c. is call-
well to his fellow men, and who exerts! discussion. [.Vot used.] Petty. | ed theology ; that which treats of nature,
himselfin doing them good. is called physics or natural philosophy ; that
PHILOS/OPHEME, n. [Gr. p:Arocopyua. | which treats of man is called logic and
PHILAN’THROPY, n. [Gr. gcrsa, to love,
or 90205, a friend, and av6puzt0s, man. |
Principle of reasoning ; a theorem. [Lit- ethics, or moral philosophy; that which
tle wsed.] treats of the mind is called intellectual or
The love of mankind; benevolence towards
the whole human family; universal good PHILOS/OPHER, n. [See Philosophy.] A mental philosophy, or metaphysics.
will. person versed in philosophy, or in the
It differs from friendship, as the lat- The objects of philosophy are to ascer-
ter is an affection for individuals. principles of nature and morality ; one tain facts or truth, and the causes of things
Encyc. Addison. who devotes himself to the study of phys- | or their phenomena; to enlarge our views
ics, or of moral or intellectual science. | of God and his works, and to render our
PHILIP’PI¢, n. An oration of Demosthe- 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly knowledge of both practically useful and
nes, the Grecian orator, against Philip, versed in any science. subservient to human happiness. *
king of Macedon, in which the orator in- Philosopher’s stone, a stone or preparation | True religion and true philosophy must ulti-
veighs against the indolence of the Athe- which the alchimists formerly sought, as | mately arrive at the same principle.
nians. Hence the word is used to denote} the instrument of conyerting the baser | S. S. Smith.
any discourse or declamation full of acri- metals into pure gold. Hypothesis or system on which natural
monious invective. The fourteen orations| effects are explained.
of Cicero against Mark Anthony are also} PHILOSOPHIE,
Pertaining to phi-||
We shall in vain interpret their words by
called Philippics. | PHILOSOPH'I€AL, § “ losophy ; as a
the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines
philosophical experiment or problem. in our
=F schools. Locke.
PHIL/IPPIZE, v. i. To write or utter in- 2. Proceeding from philosophy ; as philo-
vective ; to declaim against. [Unusual.] 3. Reasoning ; argumentation. Milton.
Burke.
sophic pride. 4. Course of sciences read in the schools.
3. Suitable to philosophy ; according to phi- | Johnson.
2, To side with Philip; to support or advo- losophy ; as philosophical reasoning or ar-
cate Philip. Swift. PHIL/TER, n. [Fr. philtre ; L. philtra ; Gr.
guments. guatpor, from gtrew, to love, or ¢gtros.] —
PHILLYRE’A, n. A genus of plants, Mock-| 4. Skilled in philosophy; as a philosophical
,. A potion intended or adapted to excite
privet. Encyc.|| historian.
love. Addison.
PHILOL/OGER, 2 , One versed in the} 5. Given to philosophy ;as a philosophical
2. A charm to excite love.
PHILOL/OGIST, ¢"* history and construc-| | mind.
tion of language. Philologist is generally ‘6. Regulated by philosophy or the rules of PHIL'TER, v. t. To impregnate with @
used. \|| reason; as philosophic fare. Dryden.| love-potion; as, to philter a draught.
 PHL PHO PP ER
2. To charm to love; to excite to love or But the theory has been proved to be} PHOS’PHORI€, a. Pertaining to or ob
animal desire by a potion. ; | false and is generally abandoned. | tained from phosphorus. ‘The phospho-
PHIZ, n. [supposed to be a contraction of Bartram.) ric acid is formed by a saturated combi-
phystognomy.| The face or visage ;in con- PHO’LADITE, n. A petrified shell of the] nation of phosphorus and oxygen.
tempt. Stepney. genus Pholas. Jameson. \PHOS/PHORITE, x. A species of caleari-
PHLEBOT/OMIST, n. [See Philebotomy.] PHON'TE€S, n. [Gr. gory, sound.| The doc-| ous earth; a subspecies of apatite.
One that opens a vein for letting blood; trine or science of sounds; otherwise call- ‘ Ure.
a blood-letter. ed acoustics. Encye. \PHOSPHORIT Te, a. Pertaining to phos-
PHLEBOT‘OMIZE, v. t. To let blood from 2. The art of combining musical sounds. phorite, or of the nature of phosphorite.
a vein. Howell. Busby. 5 Spallanzani.
PHLEBOT’OMY, n. [Gr. ¢ac6oropia ; grey, PHONOCAMP’TIE€, a. [Gr. gery, sound, PHOS’PHOROUS, a. The phosphorous
a vein, and reuve, to cut.]} ; and xauare, to inflect.} acid is formed by a combination of phos-
The act or practice of opening a vein for let- Having the power to inflect sound,or turn it) phorus with oxygen.
ting blood for the cure of diseases or pre- from its direction, and thus to alter it. PHOS’/PHORUS, ? _
[L. from the Greek.
serving health. Derham. PHOSPHOR, fr. See Phosphor. |
PHLEGM, [Gr. gaeyua, inflammation,PHON/OLITE, n. [Gr. gary, sound, and 1. The morning star.
PHLEM, bn. and pituitous matter, from aHos, stone. | 2. Phosphorus, in chimistry, a combustible
grey, to burn; hence the word must have Sounding stone ; a name proposed as a sub- substance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of
originally expressed the matter formed by stitute for klingstein [jingling stone.] a yellowish color and semi-transparent,
suppuration. | PHONOLOGICAL, a. Pertaining to pho- resembling fine wax. It burns in com-
- Cold animal fluid; watery matter; one) nology. mon air with great rapidity ; and in oxy-
of the four humors of which the ancients, PHONOLOGY, n. [Gr. gar, sound, voice,| gen gas, with the greatest vehemence.
supposed the blood to be composed. and Aoyos, discourse. } Even at the common temperature, it com-
Coxe. Encyc. A treatise on sounds, or the science or doe- bines with oxygen, undergoing a slow
2. In common usage, bronchial mucus; the trine of the elementary sounds uttered by)| combustion and emitting a luminous va-
thick viscid matter secreted in the throat. the human voice in speech, including its | por. It is originally obtained from urine;
3. Among chimists, water, or the water of) various distinctions or subdivisions o but it is now manufactured from bones,
distillation. Coxe. tones. Du Ponceau. which consist of phosphate of lime.
4. Dullness ; coldness; sluggishness; indif- PHOS’GENE, a. [Gr. gas, light, and yervaw 5) | D. Olmsted.
ference. to generate.] PHOS’PHURET, n. A combination of phos-
PHLEGMAGOGUE, n. phleg’magog. [Gr. Generating light. Phosgene gas is genera- phorus not oxygenated, with a base; as
pacyua, phlegm, and aya, to drive.] ted by the action of light on chlorin and phosphuret of iron or copper. Hooper.
A term anciently used to denote a a carbonic oxyd gas. Silliman. (PHOS’PHURETED, «a. Combined with
cine supposed to possess the property o PHOS’PHATE, n. [See Phosphor and Phos- a phospburet.
expelling phlegm. Obs. Encyc. Floyer. phorus. ] |PHO’TIZITE, n. A mineral, an oxyd of
PHLEGMATI€, a. (Gr. greyparexos.] 1. A salt formed by a combination of phos- manganese. Phillips.
1. Abounding in phlegm ; as phlegmatic hu- phorie acid with a base of earth, alkali or PHOTOLOG'I¢, 2 {See Photology.]
mors; a phlegmatic constitution. Harvey. metal. Lavoisier.| PHOTOLOGIEAL,§ “ Pertaining “to
2. Generating phlegm ; as phlegmatic meat. 2. A mineral found in Estremadura, &c. photology, or the doctrine oflight.
Shak. /PHOS/PHITE, 2. A salt formed by a com-| PHOTOL/OGY, n. [Gr pas, light, and
3. Watery. Newton. bination of phosphorous acid with a salifi-'| royos, discourse. |
4. Cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; not easily, able base. Lavoisier.| The doctrive or science of light, explaining
excited into action or passion ; asa phleg-| PHOS’PHOLITE, n. [phosphor and Gr.) its nature and phenomena. Mitchill.
matic temper or temperament. Addison. 2805, a stone.} An earth united with phos-, PHOTOMETER, n. (Gr. pws, light, and
PHLEGMAT ICALLY, adv. Coldly ; heav-| phorie acid. Kirwan., “eTpov, measure. |
ily. Warburton.) PHOS/PHOR, n. [Gr. gaogopos; gus, light, An instrument for measuring the relative in-
from gaw, to shine, and gpa, to bring. See} tensities of light. Rumford. Leslie.
PHLEG/MON, 2a. [Gr. gacyuovn, from gaeya,|
to burn.] Phosphorus. | |PHOTOMET’RIe, Pertaining to or
An external inflammation and tumor, attend-
The morning star or Lucifer; Venus, when, PHOTOMET’RICAL, § “ made by a pho-
| tometer.
ed with burning heat. | it precedes the sun and shinesin the morn-) PHRASE, n. s as z. (Gr. ppacts, from ppagu,
ing. Inthis sense, it is also written Phos-
PHLEG’MONOUS, a. Having the nature) phorus. Pope. | to speak.]
or properties of a phlegmon; inflamma-| PHOS/PHORATE, »v. t. To combine or im-|| - A short sentence or expression. A phrase
tory; burning; as a phlegmonous tumor, pregnate with phospborus. | may be complete, as when it conveys com-
Harvey. PHOS’PHORATED, pp. Combined or im- plete sense, as humanum est errare, to err
PHLEME, vn. [Arm. jlemm, a sharp point.] pregnated with phosphorus. ; Is human; or it may be incomplete, as
[See Fleam.] |(PHOS/PHORATIN VG, ppr. Combining with | when it consists of several words without
PHLOGIS’TIAN, n. A believer in the ex-| phosphorus. | affirming any thing, or when the noun
istence of phlogiston. PHOSPHORESCE, v. 7. phosphoress’. [See and the verb do the office of a noun only ;
Phosphorus.) | as, that which is true, that is, truth, satis-
PHLOGIS’TI€, a. [See Phlogiston.] Par- |
fies the mind. Encyc.
taking of phlogiston ; inflaming. (To shine, as phosphorus, by exhibiting a
faint light without sensible heat. . A particular mode of speech ; a peculiar
Adams.| sentence or short idiomatic expression;
PHLOGIS/TICATE, Arenaceous limestone phosphoresces in the!
Os be To combine, | dark, when seraped with a knife. Kirwan.| as a Hebrew phrase ; an Italian phrase.
phlogiston with. (3.. Style; expression.
PHOSPHORES’CENCE, n. A faint light!) Thou speak’st
PHLOGISTICA/TION, n. The act or pro- or luminousness ofa body, unaccompanied. lt In better phrase.
cess of combining with pblogiston. with sensible heat. It is exhibited by}
Shak.
PHLOGIS’TON, n. (Gr. groyisos, from ¢ao-| In music, any regular symmetrical course
certain animals, as well as by vegetable of notes which begin and complete the
7S, to burn or inflame ; gazye, to burn.)
and mineral substances.
The principle of inflammability ;the matter PHOSPHORES'CENT, a. Shining with al) intended expression. Busby.
offire in composition with other bodies.) PHRASE, v.t. To call; to style; to express
faint light; luminous without sensible in words or in peculiar words.
Stahl gave this name to an element which, heat. ‘These suns,
he supposed to be pure fire fixed in com- \IPHOSPHORES'CING, _ ppr. Exhibiting For so they phrase them. Shak.
bustible bodies, in order to distinguish it light without sensible heat. PHRA‘SELESS, a. Not to be expressed or
from fire in action or in astate of liberty.| Cleaveland.| described.
 PHY Pon Y PY
PHRASEOLOG'Te, ; Peculiar
| in ex-\|1_ Ina general sense, any charm, spell or am- [In the three latter senses, nearly obso-
PHRASEOLOG‘I€AL, § pression ; con- ulet worn asa preservative from danger lete among professional men.}
sisting of a peculiar form of words. or disease. Physical education, the education which is
PHRASEOL/OGY, n. [Gr. gpaccs, phrase, 2. Among the Jews, a slip of parchment on directed to the object of giving strength,
and Arye, to speak. | which was written some text of Scripture, health and vigor to the bodily organs and
1. Manner of expression ; peculiar words particularly of the decalogue, worn by vowers.
used in a sentence ; diction. devout persons on the forehead, breast or PHYS'ICALLY, adv. According to nature ;
2. A collection of phrases in a language. neck as amark of their religion. ©_Encyc. by natural power or the operation of nat-
Encyc.||3. Among the primitive christians, a case in ural laws in the material system ofthings,
PHRENET'L€, a. (Gr. 9peverixos. See] which they inclosed the relics of the dead. as distinguished from moral power or in-
Phrensy.| Encye. fluence. We suppose perpetual motion to
Subject to strong or violent sallies of imag- PHYLA€’TERED, a. Wearing a phylacte- be physically impossible.
ination or excitement, which in some ry; dressed like the Pharisees. Green. { am not now treating physically of light or
measure pervert the judgment and cause PHYLA€’TERIE€, colors. Locke.
a Pertaining to
the person to act in a manner different PHYLACTER ‘ICAL, §“ phylacteries. 2. According to the art or rules of medicine.
from the more rational part of mankind ; Addison. Obs.
wild and erratic; partially mad. [It has PHYL‘LITE, n. (Gr. qvarov, a leaf, and He that lives physically, must live miserably.
been sometimes written phrentic, but is avGos, a stone.| Cheyne.
now generally written frantic. } A petrified leaf, or a mineral having the fig- |PHYSI'CIAN, n. A person skilled in the
PHRENETT‘IE€, nz. A person who is wild and ure of a leaf. Lanier. art of healing ;one whose profession is
erratic in his imagination. Woodward. to prescribe remedies tor diseases.
PHREN‘I€, a. [from Gr. peves, the dia-
PHYLLOPH/OROUS, a. [Gr. $vadrov, a
leaf, and pepo, to bear.] Leaf-bearing; 2. In @ spiritual sense, one that heals moral
phragm. ] ‘ diseases ;asa physician ofthe soul.
producing leaves.
Belonging to the diaphragm ; as a phrenic PHYSICO-LOG‘I€, n. Logic illustrated by
PHYS/ALITE, n. [Gr. gvoaw, to swell or
vein. inflate, and 2.605,a stone.| natural philosophy.
PHREN/ITIS, n. [Gr. ppeveres, from pny, PHYSICO-LOGI€AL, a. Pertaining to
A mineral of a greenish white color, a sub-
the mind. The primary sense of the root species of prismatic topaz; called also physico-logic. [Zuttle used.} Swift.
of this word is to move, advance or rush
pyrophysalite, as it intumesces in heat. |PHYSI€O-THEOL/OGY, n. [physic or
forward; as in L. animus, animosus, and Jameson. Phillips.
the Teutonic mod, Eng. mood.]} physical and theology.]
PHYSETER.
1. In medicine, an inflammation ofthe brain,
[See Cachalot.] \Theology or divinity Ulustrated or enforced
PHYSIAN’THROPY, a. [Gr. pvocs, nature, by physics or natural philosophy.
or of the meninges of the brain, attended
and avOpweztos, man.} | PHYSICS, n. s as z. In its most extensive
with acute fever and delirium. Encye.
The philosophy of human life, or the doe- sense, the science of nature or of natural
re) Madness, or partial madness; delirium; trine of the constitution and diseases of
phrenzy. ([Itis generally written in Eng- objects, comprehending the study or
man, and the remedies. Med. Repos. knowledge of whatever exists.
lish, phrensy or frenzy] PHYS 'I€, n. s asz. [Gr. pvocxn, from pvors,
PHRENOL/OGY, n. [Gr. opyv, the mind, 2.
ws) In the usual and more limited sense, the
nature ; pve, to produce. | science of the material system, including
and Aoyos, discourse. } This is now
1. The art of healing diseases. natural history and philosophy. This sei-
The science of the human mind and its va- Encye.
generally called medicine. ence is of vast extent, comprehending
rious properties. Ch. Obs. We
12. Medicines ; remedies for diseases. whatever can be discovered of the nature
Phrenology is now applied to the science of
the mind as connected with the supposed
desire physic only for the sake of health. and properties of bodies, their causes, ef-
Hooker. fects, affections, operations, phenomena
organs of thought and passion in the brain,
3. In popular language, a medicine that pur- and Jaws.
broached by Gall. ges; a purge; acathartic. [In technical PHYSIOGNOMER.
PHREN’SY, n. s.asz. [supra.] Madness; [See Physiognomist. |
and elegant language this sense is not PHYSIOGNOM Te, sas z [See
delirium, or that partial madness which
manifests itselfin wild and erratic sallies
used.] PILYSIOGNOM ‘ICAL, ” Physiognemy.|
of the imagination. It is written also PHYS‘1€, v.t. To treat with physic; to Pertaining to physioguomy ; expressing the
evacuate the bowels with a cathartic; to temper, disposition or other qualities of
Srenzy. purge. Shak. the mind by signs in the countenance ;
Demoniac phrensy ; moping melancholy.
Milton. 2. To cure. Shak. or drawing a knowledge of the state of
PHRON’TISTERY, n. [Gr. ppovrecornpror, PHYS’I€AL, a. Pertaining to nature or the mind from the features of the face.
from povew, to think ; px, mind.] natural productions, or to material things, PHYSIOGNOM ‘TES, n. Among physicians,
A school or seminary of learning. {ot used.] as opposed to things moral or imaginary. signsin the countenance which indicate
PHRYG‘IAN, a. [from Phrygia, in Asia Mi- We speak ofphysical force or power, with the state, temperament or constitution of
nor. reference to material things; as, muscu- the body and mind. Encye.
Paneisine to Phrygia; an epithet applied to lar strength is physical force; armies and PHYSIOG/NOMIST, zn. One that is skilled
a sprightly animating kind of music. navies are the physical force of a nation; in physiognomy ; one that is able to judge
Arbuthnot. whereas wisdom, knowledge, skill, &c. of the particular temper or other qualities
Phrygian stone, a stone described by the an- constitute moral force. A physical point of the mind, by signs in the countenance.
cients, used in dyeing; a light spungy is a real point, in distinction from a math- Dryden.
stone resembling a pumice, said to be dry- ematical or imaginary point. A physical PHYSIOG/NOMY, x. [Gr. pvooyrwpora ;
ing and astringent. Pliny. Dioscorides. body or substance is a material body or quot, nature, and yrenouxos, knowing ;
PHTIIS'16, n. tiz'zie. A consumption. [Lat- substance, in distinction from spirit or ywwoxe, to know.]
tle used.| metaphysical substance. = . The art or science of discerning the char-
PHTHISICAL, a. tiz/zical. [Gr. pOcoexos.||2. External; perceptible to the senses ; as acter of the mind from the features of the
See Phthisis.] the physical characters of a mineral; op- face ;or the art of discovering the pre-
Wasting the flesh ; as a phthisical consump- posed to chimical. Phillips. dominant temper or other characteristic
tion. ; Harvey.||3. Relating to the art of healing ; as a physi- qualities of the mind by the form of the
PHTHISIS, n. the/sis or thi'sis. [Gr. pdvors, cal treatise. body, but especially by the external signs
from pI, pbew, to consume. | 4. Having the property of evacuating the of the countenance, or the combination of
A consumption occasioned by ulcerated bowels ; as physical herbs. the features. Bacon. Lavater.
Jungs, Encye. Cove.\|5. Medicina! ; promoting the cure of dis- 2. The face or countenance with respect to
PHYLA€’TER, 2 - [|Gr. pv2cxrnp.ov, from|| eases. the temper of the mind; particular con-
PHYLAC’TERY, § “ pvaaccw, to defend or|\6. Resembling physic; as a physical taste. figuration, cast or expression of counte-
guard. | Johnson. nance. Dryden.
 PsTVA PIC Pic
[This word formerly comprehended the art A keyed musical instrument of German ori- fruit from trees; as, to pick apples o1
of foretelling the future fortunes af persons gin and of the harpsichord kind, but oranges ; to pick strawberries.
by indications of the countenance.] smaller ; so called from its softer notes or 2. To pull off or separate with the teeth,
PHYSIOG’/RAPHY, n. [Gr. vers, nature, expressions. Its tones are produced by beak or claws; as, to pick flesh from a
and ypape, to describe.] A hammers instead of quills. like the virgin- bone; hence,
A description of nature, or the science 0 al and spinet. Encyc. Cye.) 3. To clean by the teeth, fingers or claws,
natural objects. Journ. of Science. PIAS’TER, n. [It. piastra, a thin plate of] or by asmall instrument, by separating
PHYSIOL/OGER, n. A physiologist. [The metal, or a dollar. See Plate.] something that adheres; as, to pick a
latter is generally used.} i An Italian coin of about 80 cents value, or bone ; to pick the ears.
PHYSIOLOG‘IEé, ba See Physiology.] 3s. 7d.sterling. But the value is different 4. To take up; to cause or seek industrious-
PHYSIOLOGI€AL, ertaining to! in different states or countries. It is call- Iv; as, to pick a quarrel.
physiology ; relating to the science of the! ed also, a piece of eight. 5. To separate or pull asunder ; to pull into
properties and functions of living beings. PIAZ’ZA, n. [It. for plazza; Sp. plaza; small parcels by the fingers; to separate
PHYSIOLOGICALLY, adv. According to Port. praca, tor placa ; Fr. place; Eng. locks for loosening and cleaning ; as, to
the principles of physiology. id.; D. plaats; G. platz; Dan. plads; pick wool.
Lawrence's Lect.| Sw. plats.] . To pierce; to strike with a pointed instru-
PHYSIOL’OGIST, n. One who is versed in, In building, 2 portico or covered walk sup-|| ment; as, to pick an apple with a pin.
the science ofliving beings, or in the prop-) ported by arches or columns. Encye. Bacon.
erties and functions of animals and plants. \PIB-CORN, n. [W. pipe-horn.] Among} . To strike with the bill or beak ;to punc-
2. One that treats of physiology. | the Welsh, a wind instrument or pipe|) ture. In this sense, we generally use peck.
PHYSIOL’OGY, xn. [Gr. pvooroyia ; pvsts,) with a horn at each end. . To steal by taking out with the fingers
nature, and agye, to discourse. | | PI'BROCH, n. (Gael. piobaireachd, pipe- or hands; as, to pick the pocket. —South.
1. According to the Greek, this word signi-| music; Celtic pib, piob, a pipe.] . To open by a pointed instrument; as, to
fies a discourse or treatise of nature, but A wild irregular species of music, peculiar to}; pick a lock.
the moderns use the word in a more limited|| the Highlands of Scotland. Itis perform-) ‘10. To select; to cull; to separate particu-
sense, for the science of the properties and|| ed ona bagpipe, and adapted to excite or lar things from others; as, to pick the best
functions of animals and plants, compre-| assuage passion, and particularly torouse|) men from acompany. In this sense, the
hending what is common to all animals) a inartial spirit among troops going to)| word is often followed by out.
and plants, and what is peculiar to indi-| battle. Encyc. Jamieson.| \To pick off, to separate by the fingers or by
viduals and species. \PIVEA, xn. In ornithology, the pie or mag-|| a small pointed instrument.
2. The science of the mind, of its various pie, a species of Corvus. To pick out, to select; to separate individu-
phenomena, affections and powers. 2. In medicine, a vitiated appetite which) als from numbers.
Brown.) makes the patient crave what is unfit for 'To pick up, to take up with the fingers or
PHYSY, for fuser. [JVot used.] Locke. | food, as chalk, ashes, coal, &c. beak ; also, to take particular things here
PHYTIV’'OROUS, a. (Gr. pvror, a plant,| 3. A printing type ofa large size ; probably and there ; to gather; to glean.
and L. voro, to eat.] named from litera picata, a great black ||'To pick a hole in one’s coat, to find fault.
Feeding on plants or herbage ; as phytivorous|| letter at the beginning of some new order |PICK, v. i. To eat slowly or by morsels ; tu
animals. Rey. in the liturgy; hence, nibble. Dryden.
PHYTOGRAPH'I€AL, a. Pertaining to) 4. Pica, pye or pie, formerly an ordinary, || 2. To do any thing nicely or by attending
the description of plants. | a table or directory for devotional servi- | to small things. Dryden.
PHYTOG/RAPHY, n. (Gr. guzor, a plant, ces ; also, an alphabetical catalogue of’ PICK, n. [Fr. pique; D. pik.) A sharp
and ypapy, description.}]_ A description of names and things in rolls and records. pointed tool for digging or removing in
plants. Encye. small quantities.
PHYT’OLITE, n. [Gr. gvrov, a plant, and Pica marina, the sea-pye, ostralegus, or oys-|| What the miners eall chert and whern—is so
avdos, a stone.| A plant petrified, or fossil ter-catcher; an aquatic fowl] of the genus hard that the picks will not touch it.
vegetable. 4 Hematopus. This fowl] feeds on oysters, Woodward.
PHYTOLOGIST, n. [See Phytology.] One limpets and marine insects. 2. Choice; right of selection. You may
versed in plants, or skilled in phytology ; PICAROON,, x. [Fr. picoreur, from pico-| have your pick.
a botanist. Evelyn.) rer, to plunder; Scot. pikary. rapine ; from |3. Among printers, foul matter which col-
PHYTOL ‘OGY, n. [Gr. pvrov, a plant, and the root of pick, peck, Sp. picar.] lects on printing types from the balls, bad
novos, discourse. | |A plunderer ; a pirate. This word is not ink, or from the paper impressed.
A discourse or treatise of plants, or the doc-| applied to a highway robber, but to pi- |PICKAPACK, adv. In manner of a pack.
trine of plants; description of the kinds) rates and plunderers of wrecks. | [Vulgar. LT’Estrange.
and properties of plants. In all wars, Corsica and Majorca have been) IPICK/AX, n. [pick and az.) An ax with a
Pia mater, [L.] in anatomy, a thin mem-| nests of picaroons. Temple. | sharp point at one end and a broad blade
brane immediately investing the brain. PIe’/cADIL, {probably from the at the other. Milton.
Coxe. PIC€ADIL'LY, pn. root of pike, peak.)} PICK’BACK, a. On the back. Hudibras.
PIABA, n. A small fresh water fish of Bra-|
zil, about the size of the minnow, much es-
PICK’/ARDIL, A high collar or a |PICK’‘ED, pp. Plucked off by the fingers,
kind of ruff. Wilson. teeth or claws ; cleaned by picking ; open-
teemed for food. Encyc. ed by an instrument ; selected.
PIVVACLE, n. [L. piaculum.] An enormous |PI€/CAGE, n. [Norm. pecker, to break)
crime. [Not used.] Howell. open ; from the root of pick, peck.] PICK’ED, ba. Pointed ; sharp.
PIAC’ULAR, q, UL. piacularis, from pio, Money paid at fairs for breaking ground for PIK’ED,
PJAC€’ULOUS, §°™ to expiate.] bootlis. Ainsworth. Let the stake be made picked at the top.
1. Expiatory ; having power to atone. PICK, v.t. [Sax. pycan; D. pikken; G. Mortimer.
2. Requiring expiation. Brown. picken; Dan. pikker; Sw. picka; W. pi- 'PICK’/EDNESS, n. State of being pointed
3. Criminal] ; atrociously bad. Glanville. gaw, to pick or peck ; Sp. prcar ; Fr. piquer;){ at the end ; sharpness.
These words are little used.| Gr. mexa or netxa; L. pecto. The verb! 2. Foppery ; spruceness. Johnson.
PIVANET, n. [L. pica or picus.] A bird, may be radical, [see Class Bg. No. 61. 62.) PICKEE’R, v. t. [Fr. picorer ;from pick.]
the lesser woodpecker. Bailey.| 65.) or derived from the use of the! 1. To pillage; to pirate. Hudibras.
2. The magpie. j beak or any pointed instrument. It be- 2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts
PIANIST, n. A performer on the forte- longs to a numerous family of words, at! of an army, or in pillaging parties.
piano, or one well skilled in it. Busby. least if connected with Leak, pike, &e.] | PICK’ER, mn. One that picks or culls.
PIANO-FORTE, 2. [It. piano, from L.| 1. To pull cff or pluck with the fingers) } Mortimer.
planus, plain, smooth, and It. forte, L. for-| something that grows or adheres to an-| 2. A pickax or instrument for picking or
lis, strong.] | other thing; to separate by the hand, as|| | separating. Mortimer.
Vol. I. BY
 Pi€ PIE PIE
3. One that excites a quarrel between him- PICROTOX'IN, n. [Gr. mcxpos, bitter, and large black letter, used at the beginning of
self and another. L. toxicum.] each order.
PICK’/EREL, n. [from pike.] A small pike, The bitter and poisonous principle of the 3. Printers’ types mixed or unsorted.
a fish of the genus Esox. Cocculus Indicus. Ure. Cock and pie, an adjuration by the pie or ser-
PICK/EREL-WEED, n. A plant supposed PICT, n. [L. pictus, pingo.] A person whose vice book, and by the sacred name ofthe
to breed pickerels. Walton. body is painted. Deity corrupted. Shak.
PICK’ET, n. (Fr. piquet ; Russ. beket.] A PICTO’RIAL, a. [L. pictor, a painter.] Per- PVEBALD, a. [Sp. pio, of various colors.}
stake sharpened or pointed; used in forti- taining to a painter; produced by a paint- Of various colors; diversified in color;
fication and eneampments. er. Brown. as a piebald horse. Pope.
2, A narrow board pointed; used in making Pie’/TURAL, n. A representation. [JVot in PIECE, n. [Fr. piece ;It. pezzo; Sp. pieza;
fence. use. | Spenser. Port. peca; Ir. piosa; Arm. pez. If the
3. A guard posted in front of an army to Ple/TURE, n. [L. pictura, from pingo, to elements of this word are Bz, it may be
give notice of the approach of the enemy. paint; It. pittura.| from the Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. p¥3, to cut off
Marshall. 1. A painting exhibiting the resemblance ‘| or clip.]
4. A game at cards. [See Piquet.] any thing ; a likeness drawn in colors. 1. A fragment or part of any thing separa-
5. A punishment which consists in making Pictures and shapes are but secondary ob- ted from the whole, in any manner, by
the offender stand with one foot on a jects. Bacon. cutting, splitting, breaking or tearing ; as,
pointed stake. 2. The works of painters; painting. to cut in pieces, break in pieces, tear in
PICK’/ET, v. ¢. To fortify with pointed Quintilian, when he saw any well express- pieces, pull in preces, &c.; a piece of a
stakes. ed image of grief, either in picture or sculpture, rock ; a piece of paper.
2. To inclose or fence with narrow pointed would usually weep. Wotton. 2. A part of any thing, though not separa-
boards. 3. Any resemblance or representation, either ted, or separated only in idea; not the
3. To fasten to a picket. Moore. to the eye or to the understanding. Thus whole; a portion; as a piece of excellent
PICK’ETED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with we say, a child is the picture of his father; knowledge. Tillotson.
pickets. the poet has drawn an exquisite picture o 3. A distinct part or quantity; a part con-
PICK’ETING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying griet. sidered by itself, or separated from the
with pickets. Ple’/TURE, v. t. To paint a resemblance. rest only by a boundary or divisional line;
PICK/ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fin- Love is like a painter, who, in drawing the as a piece of land in the meadow or on
gers or teeth ; selecting. picture of a friend having a blemish in one eye, the mountain.
PICKING, n. The act of plucking; selec- would picture only the other side of the face. 4. A separate part; a thing or portion dis-
tion; gathering; gleaning. South. tinct from others of a like kind; as a piece
PICK’LE, n. [D. pekel; G. pokel.] Brine; 2. To represent ; to form or present an ideal of timber; a piece of cloth ; a piece tba
a solution of salt and water, sometimes likeness. per hangings.
impregnated with spices, in which flesh, I do picture it in my mind. Spenser. 5. A composition, essay or writing of no
fish or other substance is preserved ; as PIe’TURED, pp. Painted in resemblance; great length ; as a piece of poetry or prose ;
pickle for beef; pickle for capers or for drawn in colors; represented. a piece of music.
cucumbers ; pickle for herring. PICTURESQUE, [Fr. pittoresque; It. 6. A separate performance; a distinct por-
2. A thing preserved in pickle. PICTURESK’, t * pittoresco ; from the tion of labor ; as a piece of work.
3. A state or condition of difficulty or disor- L. pictura, or pictor. In English, this 7. A picture or painting.
der; a word used in ridicule or contempt. would be picturish.] If unnatural, the finest colors are but daub-
You are in a fine pickle. Expressing tbat peculiar kind of beauty ing, and the piece is a beautiful monster at the
How cam’st thou in this pickle ? Shak. which is agreeable in a picture, natural or best. Dryden.
4. A parcel of land inclosed with a hedge. artificial ; striking the mind with great
8. A coin; as a piece of eight.
{Local.] power or pleasure in representing objects
9. A gun or single part of ordnance. We
PICK’LE, v. t. To preserve in brine or of vision, and in painting to the imagina-
apply the word to a cannon, a mortar, or
pickle ; as, to pickle herring. tion any circumstance or event as clearly
a musket. Large guns are called batter-
2. To season in pickle. as if delineated in a picture. Gray.
PICTURESQUELY, a In a_pictur- ing preces; smaller guns are called field
3. To imbue highly with any thing bad ; as pieces.
a pickled rogue. PICTURESK’LY, a. esque manner.
PICKLE-HER’RING, n. A merry Andrew ; Montgomery. 10. In heraldry, an ordinary or charge. The
fess, the bend, the pale, the bar, the cross,
a zany ; a buffoon. Spectator. PICTURESQUENESS, The state o
the saltier, the chevron are called honora-
PICK’/LOCK, n. [pick and lock.] An instru- PICTURESK’/NESS, * being pictur- ble pieces.
ment for opening Jocks without the key. esque. Price. 11. In ridicule or contempt.
A piece of a
L’Estrange. Arbuthnot. PID/DLE, v. i. [This is a different spelling lawyer is a smatterer.
2. A person who picks locks. of peddle, or from the same source.] 12. A castle ; a building. [Volt in use.]
PICK’/NICK, n. An assembly where each 1. To deal in trifles; to spend time in tri-
Spenser.
person contributes to the entertainment. fling objects; to attend to trivial concerns
A-piece, toeach; as, he paid the men a dollar
Todd. or the small parts rather than to the main. a-piece.
PICK’/POCKET, n. One who steals from Ainsworth.
Ofa piece, like ; of the same sort, as if taken
the pocket of another. Arbuthnot. 2. To pick at table; to eat squeamishly or from the same whole. They seemed all
PICK’PURSE, n. One that steals from the without appetite. Swift. ofapiece. Sometimes followed by with.
purse of another. Swift. PID/DLER, n. One who busies himself
PICK’THANK, n. An officious fellow who about little things. The poet must be of a piece with the spec-
tators to gain reputation. Dryden.
does what he is not desired to do, for the 2. One that eats squeamishly or without ap-
sake of gaining favor; a whispering par- petite. PIECE, v.t. To enlarge or mend by the
asite. South. PIE, x. [Ir. pighe, perhaps from the paste; addition of a piece ; to patch; as, to piece
PICK’TOOTH, n. An instrument for pick- Gr. naxzvs, thick ; or from mixing.| a garment; to ptece the time. Shak.
ing or cleaning the teeth. [But toothpick An article of food consisting of paste baked To piece oul, to extend or enlarge by addi-
is more generally used.] with something in it or under it, as apple, tion of a piece or pieces. Temple.
PICO, n. [Sp. See Peak.] A peak; the minced meat, &c. PIECE, v. 7. To unite by coalescence of
pointed head of a mountain. PIE, n. [L. pica; W. piog.] The magpie, parts; to be compacted, as parts into a
PIC/ROLITE, n. A mineral composed chief- a party-colored bird of the genus Corvus. whole. Bacon.
ly of the carbonate of magnesia, of agreen It is sometimes written pye. PIE/CED, pp. Mended or enlarged by a
color. [See Pikrolite.] 2, The old popish service book, supposed to piece or pieces.
PIC’ ROMEL, a. {Gr. mxpos, bitter.] The be so called from the different color of the PIE/CELESS, a. Not made of pieces ; con-
characteristic principle of bile. Ure. text and rubric, or from litera picata, al sisting ofan entire thing. Donne.
 PIE PIG PIK
PIE/CEMEAL, adv. [piece and Sax. mel, PIERCEABLE, a. pers/able. That may be PIG/EON-HOLES, n. An old English game
time. Qu.] ierced. Spenser. || in which balls were rolled through little
1. In pieces ; in fragments. PIERCED, pp. pers‘ed. Penetrated; enter-|| cavities or arches. Sleevens.
On which it piecemeal broke. Chapman. ed by force ; transfixed. PIG/EON-LIVERED, a. Mild in temper ;
2. By pieces ; by little and little in succes- PIERCER, n. pers‘er. An instrument that soft; gentle. Shak.
sion. pierces, penetrates or bores. PIG/EON-PEA, n. A plant of the genus
Piecemeal they win this acre first, then that. 2. One that pierces or perforates. Cytisus.
Pope. PIERCING, ppr. pers'ing. Penetrating ; PIG’GIN, n. [Scot. a milking pail.] A small
PIE‘CEMEAL, a. Single; separate ; made entering, as a pointed instrument; making wooden vessel with an erect handle, used
of parts or pieces. South. a way by force into another body. as a dipper.
PIE‘CEMEALED, a. Divided into small (2. Affecting deeply; as eloquence piercing’ PIG/HEADED, a. Having a large head;
pieces. Cotgrave.||. the heart.
stupid. B. Jonson.
PIE/CER, x. One that pieces; a patcher. 3. a. Affecting ; cutting; keen.
PIGHT, pp. pite. [Scot. pight or picht ;from
PIED, a. [allied probably to pie, in piebald, PIERCINGLY, adv. pers’ingly. With pen-| pitch, W. piciaw.] Pitched; fixed; de-
and a contracted word, perhaps from the etrating force or effect; sharply.
termined. Obs. Shak.
root of L. pictus.| PIERCINGNESS, 2. pers/ingness. The)! PIGHT, v. t. [W. pigaw.] To pierce. Obs.
Variegated with spots of different colors; power of piercing or penetrating ; sharp-
ness ; keenness. Derham.
Wickliffe.
spotted. We now apply the word chiefly
or wholly to animals which are marked PVETISM, n. [See Piety.) Extremely strict PIGHTEL, x. A little inclosure. [Local.]
with large spots of different colors. If] devotion, or affectation of piety. Frey. PIGME’AN, a. [from pigmy.] Very sinall;
the spots are small, we use speckled. This PVETIST, n. One ofa sect professing great like a pigmy; as an image of pigmean
distinction was not formerly observed, and strictness and purity of life, despising size. Parkhurst.
in some cases, pied is elegantly used to ex- learning, school theology and ecclesiasti- PIG/‘MENT, n. [L. pigmentum, from the
press a diversity of colors in small spots. cal polity, as also forms and ceremonies root of pingo, to paint.]
Meadows trim with daisies pied. Milton.|| in religion, and giving themselves up to Paint ; a preparation used by painters, dy-
PI/EDNESS, n. Diversity of colorsin spots. mystic theology. This sect sprung up| ers, &c. to impart colors to bodies.
Shak. among the protestants of Germany, in the} Encyc.
PIE’LED, a. [See Peel.] Bald ; bare. latter part of the seventeenth century. PIG'MY, n. [It. Sp. Port. pigmeo ; L. pyg-
PIE/POUDRE, n. [Fr. pied, foot, and poud- Encyc. Burnet. meus ; Gr. avywowos, from mvyum, the fist.]
reux, dusty, from poudre, dust ; or pied PIETY, n. [L. pietas, from pius, or its A dwarf; a person of very small stature; a
puldreaur, a radia | root, probably a contracted word; Fr. name applied to a fabled nation said to
An ancient court of record in England, in- pieté; It. pieta, piety, and pity; Sp. piedad, have been devoured by cranes.
cident to every fair and market, of which piety, pity, charity.] PIG/MY, a. Very small in size ; mean; fee-
the steward of him who owns or has the 1. Piety in principle, is a compound of vene-| ble ; inconsiderable.
toll, is the judge. It had jurisdiction of ration or reverence of the Supreme Being} |PIGNORA’TION, n. [L. pignero,topledge.}
all causes arising in the fair or market. and love of his character, or veneration The act of pledging or pawning.
Blacksione. accompanied with love; and piety in prac- |PIG/NORATIVE, a. Pled ging ; pawning.
PIER, n. [Sax. per, pere ; D. beer, steene beer. tice, is the exercise of these affections in [Little used.) Dict.
If this word is from the French pierve, it| obedience to his will and devotion to his PIG'NUT, n. [pig and nut.] The ground
is acontraction of L. petra. But more) service. nut, a plant of the genus Bunium ; also, a
probably it is not from the French.] Piely is the only proper and adequate relief
tree and its fruit of the genus Juglans.
1. A mass of solid stone work for support- of decaying man. Rambler. \PIG’/SNEY, n. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] A
ing an arch or the timbers of a bridge or (2. word of endearment to a girl. [Little
other building. Reverence of parents or friends, accom- used. | Hudibras.
panied with affection and devotion to their PIG'TAIL, n. [pig and tail.] A cue; the
2. A mass of stone work or a mole project- honor and happiness.
ing into the sea, for breaking the force of hair of the head tied in the form of a pig’s
the waves and making a safe harbor. PIEZOM'ETER, n. [Gr. aefo, to press, tail.
PIERCE, v. t. pers. [Fr. percer; Gr. retpa. and werpov, measure. } 2. A small roll of tobacco.
The primary sense is probably to thrust or An instrument for ascertaining the com- PIGWID'GEON, n. [pig and widgeon.] A
drive, and the word may be connected in pressibility of water, and the degree of) fairy; a cant word for any thing very
origin with the W. ber or pér,a spit, a such compressibility under any given small. Cleaveland.
ear, Ir. bior.] weight. Perkins. PIKE, n. [This word belongs to a numer-
if o thrust into with a pointed instrument ; PIG, n. (D. big. In Sax. piga, Dan. pige,is ous family of words expressing something
as, to pierce the body with a sword or a little girl; Sw. piga, a maid-servant. pointed, or a sharp point, or as verbs, to
spear ; to pierce the side with a thorn. The word signifies a little one, or issue.] dart, to thrust, to prick; Sax. pizc, a small
2. To penetrate ; to enter; to force a way 1. The young of swine, male or female. needle; W. pig, a point,a pike ; pigaw, to
into; as,a column of troops pierced the 2. An oblong mass of unforged iron, lead or prick; prciaw, to dart; It. pica, a pike;
main body of the enemy; a shot pierced other metal. A pig of lead is the eighth piccare, to prick or sting ; Sp. pica, picar;
the ship. of a fother, or 250 pounds. Encye. Fr. pique, piquer ;Arm. picg, picqat; D.
3. To penetrate the heart deeply; to touch PIG, v. t. or i. To bring forth pigs. pick ; G. preke; Sw. Dan. pik; Eng. peak,
the passions; to excite or affect the pas- PIG/EON, n. [Fr. id.; It. piceione. This beak, &c. Class Bg.]
sions. 1 Tim. vi. word seems to belong to the family ofpick, 1. A military weapon consisting of a long
4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret or peck, pie, pica.] wooden shaft or staff, with a fiat steel
purpose. A fowl of the genus Columba, of several head pointed ; called the spear. This
PIERCE, v. 7%. pers. To enter; asa pointed species, as the stock dove, the ring dove, weapon was formerly used by infantry,
instrument. the turtle dove, and the migratory or wild but its use is now limited to officers, and
2. To penetrate; to force a way into or pigeon of America. The domestic pigeon it is called a sponton or spontoon. Its use
through any thing. The shot pierced breeds in a box, often attached to a build- among soldiers is superseded by the bayo-
through the side of the ship. ing, called a dovecot or pigeon-house. The net.
Her tears will pierce into a marble heart. wild pigeon builds a nest on a tree in the 2~ A fork used in husbandry ; but we now
Shak. forest. use fork or pitchfork. Tusser.
3. To enter ; to dive or penetrate, as into a PIG/EON-FOQOT, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs used to
secret. |PIG‘EON-HE‘ARTED, a. Timid; easily fasten any thing to be turned. Moxon.
She would not pierce further into his mean- frightened. Beaum.|| 4. In ichthyology, a fish of the genus Esox,
ing than himself should declare. Sidney. PIG/EON-HOLE, ». A little apartment or so named from its long shape or from the
4. To affect deeply. division in a case for papers. form of its snout. It isa fresh water fish,
 PIL PIL PIL
living in deep water and very voracious, \Properly, a hair; hence, the fiber of wool, PIL/GRIMAGE, n. A long journey, particu-
but very palatable food. ||
cotton and the like; hence, the nap, the larly a journey to some place deemed sac-
The pike, the tyrant of the flood. Pope. | fine hairy substance of the surface of) red and venerable, in order to pay devo-
PIK/ED, a. Ending in a point; acuminat- | cloth. tion to the relics of some deceased saint.
ed. Camden. PILE, v. t. To lay or throw into a heap; to) Thus in the middle ages, kings, princes,
PI/KEMAN, nz. Asoldier armed with a pike. | collect many things into a mass; as, to) bishops and others made pilgrimages to
Knolles. pile wood or stones. Jerusalem, in pious devotion to the Say-
PI'KESTAFF, xn. The staff or shaft of a 2. To bring into an aggregate ; to accumu- ior. Pilgrims now resort to Loretto, in
pike. Tatler. | late; as, to pile quotations or comments. Italy, to visit the chamber of the blessed
PIK'ROLITE, n. fqu. Gr. acxpos, bitter, and) Atterbury. Felton.’ virgin, and the Mohammedans make pil-
nHos, a stone.] 3. To fill with something heaped. Abbot. grimages to Mecca, where their prophet
A mineral found at Taberg, in Sweden, sup- '4. 'To fill above the brim or top. was buried.
posed to be a variety of serpentine. iD. To break off the awns of threshed barley.) 2. In Scripture, the journey of human life.
Cleaveland. pecs | Gen. xlvii.
PILAS’TER, n. [It. pilastro; Fr. pilastre;|PIL‘EAT#, [L. pileus, a cap.] Having 3. Time irksomely spent. Shak.
Sp. pilastra, from pila, a pile, whence pil- IPIL’EATED, § “ the form of acap or cov- PIL’/GRIMIZE, v. 7. To wander about as a
lar. | er for the head. Woodward. pilgrim. [Not used.] B. Jonson.
A ere column, sometimes insulated ; but |PYLEMENT, n. An accumulation. [Volt PILL, n. [L. pila, a ball; pilula, a little ball ;
usually pilasters are set within a wall, pro- used. Hall. W. pel, a ball; Ir. pillim, to roll. It is
jecting only one quarter of their diame- PI'LER, n. [from pile, a heap.] One who probable that this word and ball are of
ter. Their bases, capitals and entabla- | piles or forms a heap. the same family.]
tures have the same parts as those of col- PILES, n. plu. The hemorrhoids, a disease. 1. In pharmacy, a medicine in the form of a
umns. Encyc. \P!LEWORM, n. A worm found in piles in| little ball or small round mass, to be swal-
PILCH, n. [It. pelliccia; Fr. pelisse ;Sax. Holland. lowed whole. Bacon.
pylca, pylece ; L. pellis, a skin.] (PI LEWORT, n. A plant of the genus Ra- 2. Any thing nauseous. Young.
A turred gown or case; something lined), nunculus. |See v.t. [Fr. piller ; It. pighiare ;Sp. pil-
with fur. [ot used.] Chaucer. Shak.) PIL/FER, v. 7. [W. yspeiliata, to pilfer ; ar.
PIL‘CHARD, n. [Ir. pilseir.] A fish resem-| yspeiliaw, to spoil, to ravage ; Sp. pellizcar, To rob; to plunder; to pillage, that is, to
bling the herring, but thicker and round- to pinch, to pilfer, to take little food. It peel, to strip. [See Peel, the same word
er; the nose is shorter and turns up ; the seems to be allied to peel, pillage.] in the proper English orthography. j
under jaw is shorter; the back more ele- 'To steal in small quantities ;to practice pet- |PILL, v.i. To be peeled; to come off in
vated, and the belly less sharp. These) ty theft; as a boy accustomed to pilfer. flakes. Shak. Dryden.
Dryden.
fishes appear on the Cornish coast in| | A pilfering hand. 2. Torob. [See Peel.]
England, about the middle of July, in im-) PIL‘FER, v. t. To steal or gain by petty PILL/AGE, x. (Fr. from piller, to strip or
mense numbers, and furnish a considera- theft ; to fileh.
He would not pilfer the vietory, and the de- peel.|
ble article of commerce. Encye. feat was easy. Bacon.| 1. Plunder; spoil; that which is taken from
PILE, n. (Sp. It. pila; Port. pilha;Fr. pile 5) PIL/FERED, pp. Stolen in small parcels.) another by open force, particularly and
from L. pila; Gr. zaos. The bolet men- PIL/FERER, n. One that pilfers or prac-| chiefly from enemies in war.
tioned by Pausanias, were heaps of stones.]} tices petty theft. Young. 2. The act of plundering.
1. A heap; a mass or collection of things iN pIL/FERING, pp.Stealing ; practicing petty! 3. In architecture, a square pillar behind a
a roundish or elevated form; as a pile of thefts. column to bear up the arches. Cyc.
stones; a pile of bricks; a pile of wood or PIL/FERING, n. Petty theft. PILL/AGE, v. t. To strip of money or goods
timber; a pile of ruins. Pilfering was so universal in all the South by open violence ; as, troops pillage the
2, A collection of combustibles for burning sea islands, that it was hardly recognized in the camp or towns of an enemy ; to plunder;
a dead body; as a funeral pile. moral code of the natives as an offense, much
to spoil. It differs from stealing, as it im-
3. A large building or mass of buildings ; an less a crime. J. Sparks.
plies open violence, and from robbery,
edifice.
The pile o’erlook’d the town and drew the
PIL'FERINGLY, adv. With petty theft ; which may be committed by one individ-
filehingly. ual on another ; whereas pillaging is usu-
sight. Dryden. PIL-G‘ARLICK, n, [pilled, peeled,
4, A heap ofballs or shot laid in horizontal PILL/ED-G‘ARLICK, ally the act of bands or numbers. To
“and garlick.) | pillage and to rob are however sometimes
courses, rising into a pyramidical form. One who has lost his hair by disease; a poor
PILE, n. [D. paal; G. pfahl; Sw. Dan. pol, used synonymously.
forsakea wretch. Stevens.
a pole; L. palus ; D. pyl, au arrow or dart; PIL‘'GRIM, n. [G. pilger; Fr. pelerin ; It.’ PILL/AGED, pp. Plundered by open force.
Sw. Dan. pil, id.; W. pull, a stem. These pellecrino ;Sp. Port. peregrino; L. pere- PILL/AGER, n. One that plunders by open
have the same elements and the like rad- erinus. Qu. L. peragro, to wander. In violence ; a plunderer.
ical meaning, that of a shoot or extended W. pererin is a pilgrim, and pellynig is PILL/AGING, ppr. Plundering ; stripping.
thing.] ! wandering, far-roaming, from pellau, to PIL/LAR, x. [Fr. pilier ;Sp. Port. pilar; It.
. A large stake or piece of timber, pointed remove far, coinciding with the L. palor.| pila or piliere; L. pila, a_pile, a pillar, a
and driven into the earth, as at the bot- The Corn. pirgrin and Arm. pirchirin, mortar and pestle. The L. pila denotes a
tom of a river, or in a harbor where the seem to be the L. peregrinus. The D. heap, or things thrown, put or driven to-
ground is soft, for the support of a build- palsrok, a pilgrim’s coat, and palsterstok, a gether; W. piler: Ir. piletr ;Sw. pelare;
ing or other superstructure. The stadt- pilgrim’s staff, indicate that the first sylla- Dan. pille ; D. pylaar ; G. pfeiler.)
house in Amsterdam is supported by piles. ble is from the root of L. palor, to wander. Literally, a pile or heap; hence,
w~w.One side of acoin; originally, a punch or The uncertainty of the true original or-, 1. A kind ofirregular column round an in-
puncheon used in stamping figures on thography renders the derivation uncer-
coins, and containing the figures to be im- sulate, but deviating from the proportions
tain.] ofa just column. Pillars are either too
pressed. Hence the arms-side of a coin] 1. A wanderer; a traveler; particularly, massive or too slender for regular archi-
is called the pile, and the head the cross, one that travels to a distance from his own)
which was formerly in the place of the tecture; they are not restricted to any
country to visit a holy place, or to pay his, rules, and their parts and proportions are
head. Hence cross and pile. Encye. devotion to the remains of dead saints.)
3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form ofa point arbitrary. A square pillar is a massive
inverted or a stake sharpened.
[See Pilgrimage. ] work, called also a pier or predroit, serving
2. In Scripture, one that has only a tempo- to support arches, &c. Cye.
PILE, n. [D. pyl; Dan. Sw. pil; L. pilum.) rary residence on earth. Heb. xi. |2. A supporter; that which sustains or up-
The head of an arrow. holds; that on which some superstructure
PILE, n. (L. pilus; G. boll; Hindoo, bal; PIL/GRIM, v. i. To wander or ramble. [JVol
Gipsey, ballow.] used.] Grew. rests. Gal. ii. Shak.
 PIL EEiM PLN
3. A monument raised to commemorate any in piles, as well as to pilot, and pilotage is a PIM’PLED, a. Having red pustules on the
person or remarkable transaction. piling, pile-work, a foundation of piles; skin ; full of pimples.
And Jacob set a pillar on her grave. Gen. Arm. glocha, to drive piles. The D. loots, PIMP’LIKE, a. Like a pimp; vile; infa-
xxxv. 2 Sam. xviii. : G. lothse, and Dan. lods, are from lead ; mous; mean,
4. Something resembling a pillar;as a pil- the pilot then is the lead-man, he that) PIN, nx. [W. pin, a pin or pen ; piner, piniaw,
lar of salt. Gen. xix. ‘ throws the lead.] to pin; Ir. pion; Sw. pinne, whence pinn-
So a pillar of a cloud, a pillar of fire. 1. One who steers a ship in a dangerous suin, pin-swine, the porcupine ;Dan. pind,
Ex. xiil. f navigation, or rather one whose office or a sprig; pindsviin, the porcupine ; Port.
5. Foundation; support. Job ix.- occupation is to steer ships, particularly pino, a peg; D. pen, penne, a pin or peg 5
6. In ships, a square or round timber fixed along a coast, or into and out of a harbor, G. pinne,a pin; pinsel, a pencil; Fr. epine,
perpendicularly under the middle of the bay or river, where navigation is danger- a spine, and qu. epingle, a pin; L. penna,
beams for supporting the decks. Cyc. ous. pinna; W. pen, a summit; Sax. pinn, a
7. In the manege, the center of the volta, ring 2. A guide; a director of the course of an- pen, and pinn-treow, the pine-tree. See
or manege ground, around which a horse other person. [In colloquial use.) Pine, Fin, and Porcupine. This word de-
turns. ‘There are also pillars on the cir- PILOT, v. t. To direct the course ofa ship notes a sharp point or end, or that which
cumference or side, placed at certain dis- in any place where navigation is danger- fastens; Sax.pinan, pyndan. Tf the sense
tances by two and two. ous. is a point, it is a shoot. From this is
PIL/LARED, a. Supported by pillars. PILOTAGE, n. The compensation made or formed spine, W. yspin.j
Milton. allowed to one who directs the course of] 1. A small pointed instrument made of brass
2. Having the form of a pillar. Thomson. a ship. wire and headed ; used chiefly by females
PILL’ER, x. One that pills or plunders. 2. The pilot’s skill or knowledge of coasts, | for fastening their clothes.
Not used.| Chaucer. rocks, bars and channels. [/Vot now used.| 2. A piece of wood or metal sharpened or
PILL/ERY, n. Plunder; pillage ; rapine. Raleigh. pointed, used to fasten together boards,
[Not in use.| Huloet. PI'LOT-FISH, v. A fish, a species of Gas- plank or other timber. The larger pins of
PILLION, x. pil/yun. [Ir. pillin ; from pile, terosteus, called also rudder-fish, of an metal are usually called bolts, and the
L. pilus, hair, or from stuffing. See Pu- oblong shape ; so named because it often wooden pins used in ship building are
low.| accompanies ships. Encye. called treenails [trunnels.}] A small wood-
1. A cushion for a woman to ride on behind PILOTING, ppr. Steering; as a ship in en pin is called a peg.
a person on horseback. Swift. dangerous navigation. 3. A thing of little value. It is not a pin’s
2. A pad; apannel; a low saddle. PILOTING, xn. The act of steering a ship. | matter. I care not a pin.
Spenser. PI/LOTISM, Pilotage ; skill in piloting. 4. A linehpin.
3. The pad of a saddle that rests on the PVLOTRY, 2 [Not used.] | 5. The central part. Shak.
horse’s back. PVLOUS, a. [L. pilosus. See Pilose.] Hairy;)6. A peg used in musical instruments in
PIL/LORIED, a. Put in a pillory. abounding with hair. Robinson. straining and relaxing the strings.
PIL/LORY, n. [Iv. pilori, pioloir ;Fr. pilort; 2. Consisting of hair. 7. A note or strain. [Vulgar and not used.]
Arm. bouilhour ; trom the root of L. palus, PIL/SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into L’Estrange.
a stake, a’pile, G. pfahl. An den pfahl a flame. Ainsworth. 8. A horny induration of the membranes of
stellen, to put in the pillory.| | PIM/ELITE, n. (Gr. rtcuery, fat, and ados, the eye. Hanmer.
A frame of wood erected on posts, with | stone.] 9. A cylindrical roller made of wood.
movable boards and holes, through which |A terrene substance of an apple green col- Corbet.
are put the head and hands of a criminal or, fat and unctuous to the touch, tender} 10. A noxious humor in a hawk’s foot.
for punishment. | and not fusible by the blowpipe. It is Ainsworth.
PIL/LORY, v. ¢. To punish with the pillory. supposed to be colored by nickel. It isa 1. The pin of a block is the axis of the
Gov. of the Tongue. | variety of steatite. Dict. Mat. Hist. Ure.|| sheave.
PIL/LOW, n. [Sax. pile or pyle ; Ir. pilliur ;/PUMENT, n. Wine with a mixture of spice} PIN, v. t. [W. piniaw.] To fasten with a pin
L. pulvinar; from L. pilus, hair, or from | or honey. Chaucer. or with pins of any kind; as, to pin the
stufting. ] PIMEN’TO, n. [Sp. pimienta.] Jamaica pep- clothes; to pin boards or timbers.
1. A long cushion to support the head of a per, popularly called allspice. The tree 2. To fasten; to make fast; or to join and
person when reposing on a bed; a sack producing this spice is of the genus Myr- fasten together.
or case filled with fethers, down or other | tus, and grows spontaneously in Jamaica Our gates—we have but pinned with rushes.
soft material. in great abundance. Encye.| Shak.
2. Ina ship, the block on which the inner PIMP, x. A man who provides gratifications She lifted the princess from the earth, and so
end ofa bowsprit is supported. for the Just of others ; a procurer; a pan- locks her in embracing, as if she would pin her
Mar. Dict. der. Addison. _ to her heart. Shak.
The pillow of a plow, is a cross piece of wood PIMP, v. 7. To pander; to procure lewd 3. To inclose; to confine. [See the verbs
which serves to raise or Jower the beam. women for the gratification of others. Pen and Pound.) Hooker.
Cye. PIM’PERNEL, ? [L. pimpinella ;Fr. pim- PINAS’TER, n. [L. See Pine.] The wild
PIL/LOW, v. t. To rest or lay on for sup- PIM/PINEL, §"prenelle.] pine.
ort. Milton. The name of several plants ofdifferent gen- PIN’€ASE, n. A case for holding pins.
PIL/LOW-BIER, The case or sack of; era. ‘Che scarlet pimpernel is of the genus
PIL/LOW-CASE, ;i “a pillow which con- Anagallis, the water pimpernel of the genus (PINCERS, an erroneous orthography of
tains the fethers. Pillow-bier is the pil- Veronica, and the yellow pimpernel of the pinchers, which see.
low-bearer. genus Lysimachia. Lee. ‘PINCH, v. t. [Fr. pincer, formerly pinser;
PIL/LOWED, pp. or a. Supported by a pil- |PIM/PILLO, a. A plant of the genus Cac- Arm. pincza; Sp. pizear; It. pizzare, piz-
low. tus.
zicare. These are evidently from the root
PIL/LOWING, ppr. Resting or laying ona PIMPINEL’/LA, ». A genus of plants, in- of It. piccare, to prick, smart, itch, to peck,
pillow. cluding the burnet saxifrage and the an- to provoke, Sp. Port. picar, to sting or
PILO/SE, 2, [L. pilosus, from pilus, hair.] | ise. Encye. prick, to peck, to dig, to bite or pinch, as
PI/LOUS, § ° Hairy. A pilose leaf, in bot- cold. The root then is that of peck, pick,
any, is one covered with long distinet PIMP’ING, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd pike; and pinch is primarily to press be-
hairs. A pilose receptacle has hairs be- women for others. tween two sharp points, or to prick.
tween the florets. Martyn. PIMP’ING, a. Little; petty. Skinner. Hence its peculiar application to pressure
PILOS'ITY, n. [supra.] Hairiness. PIM’PLE, n. [Sax. pinpel ;probably from between the fingers. }
Bacon. pin, or its root.] = To press hard or squeeze between the
PILOT, x. [Fr. pilote ; It. Sp. Port. piloto. A-small pustule on the face or other part of ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or
The French word piloter signifies to drive } the body, usually a red pustule. with an instrument, &c.
 PoE ON PIN RIN
2, To squeeze or compress between any two} PINE, v. i. [Sax. pinan, to pain or torture,||3. A wing.
hard bodies. and to pine or languish. This verb in Hope humbly then, on trembling pinions
3. To squeeze the flesh till it is pained or, the sense of pain, is found in the other soar. Pope.
livid. Teutonic dialects, but not in the sense of{/4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answering
4. To gripe; to straiten; to oppress with) languishing. The latter sense is found in to that ofa larger.
want; as, to pinch a nation; to pinch the oe 5. Fetters or bands for the arms.
belly ;to be pinched for want of food. the Gr, mewaw, tevw, See Ar. et fanna, Ainsworth.
5. To pain by constriction ; to distress ; as PINION, v. 2. pin’yon. To bind or confine
pinching cold. The winter pinches. Class Bn, No. 22. and (<3 No. 25. and the wings. Bacon.
6. To press; to straiten by difficulties; as,| -
2. To confine by binding the wings.
the argument pinches the objector. 3. To cut off the first joint of the wing.
The respondent is pinched with a strong ob- 4. To bind or confine the arm or arms to
jection. Watts. the body. Dryden.
1. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away 5. To confine ; to shackle ; to chain; as, to
7. To press hard; to try thoroughly. under any distress or anxiety of mind ; to
Collier. be pinioned by formal rules of state.
grow lean; followed sometimes by away. Norris.
PINCH, v. t. To act with pressing force ; to Ye shall not mourn nor weep, but ye shall
bear hard; to be puzzling. You see pine away for your iniquities. Ezek, xxiv. . To bind; to fasten to. Pope.
where the reasons pinch. Dryden. 2. To languish with desire; to waste away PIN'IONED, pp. Confined by the wings:
2. To spare ; to be straitened ; to be covet- with longing for something; usually fol- shackled.
ous. lowed by for. 2. a. Furnished with wings. Dryden.
The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and Unknowing that she pin’d for your return. PIN‘IONIST, n. A winged animal; afowl.
spare, Dryden. [Not used. } Brown.
Starve, steal and pilfer to enrich an heir. PINE, v.t. To wear out; to make to Jan-
Franklin. guish.
PINIRO‘LO, n. A bird resembling the
sandpiper, but larger ; found in Italy.
PINCH, n. A close compression with the Where shivering cold and sickness pines the
ends of the fingers. Dryden. clime. Shak. Dict. Nat. Hist.
2. A gripe; a pang. Shak. Beroe pined with pain. Dryden. PINITE, n. [from Pini, a mine in Saxony.}
3. Distress inflicted or suffered ; pressure ; 2. To grieve for ; to bemoan in silence. A mineral holding a middle place between
oppression ; as necessity’s sharp pinch. Abashed the devil stood— steatite and mica; the micare! of Kirwan.
Shak. Virtue in her own shape how lovely, saw, It is found in prisinatic crystals of a green-
4. Straits; difficulty ;time of distress from
And pined his loss. Milton. ish white color, brown or deep red. It
{In the transitive sense, this verb is now occurs also massive. Dict. Nat. Hist.
want. Bacon.
seldom used, and this use is improper, PINK, n. [In Welsh, pinc signifies simart,
PINCH’BECK, 2. [said to be from the name; except by ellipsis.] fine, gay, and a finch, and pinciaw, to
of the inventor.] PINE, n. [Sax. pin, D. pyn, pain; Gr. mev- sprig. ‘This is by Owen formed from pin,
An alloy of copper ;a mixture of copper and ouat, mtovos.] Woe; want; penury; mis- apen or pin. But in Portuguese, picar,
zink, consisting of three or four parts of] ery. Spenser. to sting, to prick, to peck, to nip, to pinch,
copper with one of zink. Encyc. [This is obsolete. See Pain.] to dig, to spur, and picado, pricked, pinked,
PINCH’ER, n. He or that which pinches. PIN’EAL, a. {Fr. pineale, from L. pinus.]|| as cloth, are from the root of peck, pick,
PINCH/ERS, n. plu. [from pinch, not from The pineal gland is a part of the brain, pico, beak, pike, Sp. picar, It. piccare. ‘The
the French pincette.] about the bigness of a pea, situated in the latter would, with n casual, give pink, a
An instrument for drawing nails from boards third ventricle ;so called from its shape. little eye or perforation, and the sense of
and the like, or for griping things to be It was considered by Descartes as the pink, in pink-sterned. The Welsh gives
held fast. seat of the soul. pink, a flower.]
yi
SEN CEPENNY, n. A miser; a niggard. PINE-APPLE, n. The ananas, a species of] 1. An eye, or a small eye ; but now disused
Bromelia, so called from its resemblance except in composition, as in pink-eyed,
PIN’€USHION, n. A small case stuffed to the cone ofthe pine tree. pink-eye. Shak.
with some soft material, in which females) Miller. Locke. 2. A plant and flower of the genus Dian-
stick pins for safety and preservation. ||PIUNEFUL, a. Full of woe. [.Vot used.] thus, common in our gardens.
PINDAR’I€, a. After the style and manner Hall. 3. A color used by painters ; from the color
of Pindar. PUNERY, x. A place where pine-apples of the flower. Dryden.
PINDAR'Ié€, nx. An ode in imitation of the are raised. Todd. 4, Any thing supremely excellent.
odes of Pindar the Grecian, and prince of]|PIN’/-FETHER, n. A small or short fether. 5. A ship with a very narrow stern. [Fr.
the lyric poets ; an irregular ode. PIN’/-FETHERED, a. Having the fethers pinque, D. pink, that is, piked, n being
Addison. only beginning to shoot ; not fully fledged. casual; hence pink-sterned. |
PIN/DUST, n. Small particles of metal Dryden. 6. A fish, the minnow. Ainsworth.
made by pointing pins. Digby. PIN/FOLD, x. [pin or pen and fold ;Dan. PINK, v. t. To work in eyelet-holes; to
PINE, na. [Fr. pin; Sp. It. pino; L. pinus; pindan, Eng. to pound.] pierce with small holes. | Carew. Prior.
Sax. pinn-treow, pin-tree ; D. pyn-boom ; A place in which beasts are confined. We 2. To stab; to pierce. Addison.
W. pin-bren, pin-tree, and pin-gwyz, pin- now call it a pound. PINK, v. i. [D. pinken.] To wink. [Not
wood. These words indicate that this PIN’GLE, x. A small close. [Vot used.] used.| _ LD’Estrange.
name is front the leaves of the pine, which Ainsworth. PINK’-EYED, a. Having small eyes.
resemble pins. But the Welsh has also PIN’/GUID, a. [L. pinguis ; Gr. xaxvs, com- Holland.
feinid-wyz, from feinid, a rising to a point, pact, L. pactus, Eng. pack.} PINK’-NEEDLE, n. A shepherd’s bodkin.
from fain, a cone, and gwyz, wood. The Fat; unctuous. [JVot used.] Mortimer. Sherwood.
Jatter name is from the cones.] PIN‘HOLE, xn. A small hole made by the PINK’/-STERNED, a. Having a very nar-
A tree of the genus Pinus, of many species, || puncture or perforation of a pin; a very row stern ; asa ship. Mar. Dict.
some of which furnish timber of the most | small aperture. Wiseman. PIN’-MAKER, n. One whose occupation
valuable kind. The species which usual- PI/NING, ppr. Languishing ;wasting away. is to make pins.
ly bear this name in the United States, are PINION, x. pin‘yon. [Fr. eran; the cope PIN’-MONEY, n. Asum of money allowed
the white pine, Pinus strobus, the prince of, of the ridge of a house; Norm. id. a pen ; or settled on a wife for her priyate ex-
our forests; the yellow pine, Pinus resino- Sp. pion, pinion; from Celtic pen, top,) penses. Addison.
sa; and the pitch pine, Pinus rigida. The summit. | PIN'/NACE, n. [Sp. pinaza; Fr. pinasse;
other species of this genus are called by 1. The joint of a fowl’s wing, remotest from) Port. pinaca.]
other names, as fir, hemlock, larch, spruce, the body. |A small vessel navigated with oars and sails,
mc. 2. A fether; a quill. Shak. and having generally two masts rigged
 P1LO Bir PIQ
like those of a schooner; also, a boat PIONY, [Sax. pionie, from L. peonia ; PIPE, v. 7. To play on a pipe, fife, flute or
usually rowed with eight oars. 5 PE/ONY, 6” Gr. xatoma, from xawy, Apol- other tubular wind instrument of music.
Mar. Dict. lo, a physician, and a hymn. ]} Dryden. Swift.
PIN‘NA€LE, n. iis.priaes It. pinacolo; An herbaceous perennial plant of the genus We have piped to you, and ye have not danc-
W. pinygyl, from Celtic pen, summit, L. Peonia, with tuberous roots, and bearing ed. Matt. xi.
pinna. gh large beautitul red flowers. Encye. 2. To have a shrill sound; to whistle.
1. A turret, or part of a building elevated PVOUS, a. [L. pius; Fr. piewr; Sp. It. Shak.
above the main building. Port. pio. In Sp. and It. the word signi- PIPE, v.t. To play on a wind instrument.
Some metropolis
fies not only pious, but mild and compas- 1 Cor. xiv.
With glistering spires and pinnacles adorn’d. sionate, and pity and piety are expressed PUPED, a. Formed with a tube ; tubular.
Milton. by one and the same word. See Pity.] Encye.
2. A high spiring point ; summit. Cowley. . Godly ; reverencing and honoring the PI/PE-FISH, ». A fish of the genus Syn-
PIN'NA€LE, v.t. To build or furnish Supreme Being in heart and in the prac- guathus. Encye.
with pinnacles. Warton. tice of the duties he has enjoined; having PIPER, x. One who plays on a pipe or
due veneration and affection for the char-| wind instrument.
PIN/NA€LED, pp. Furnished with pinna-
acter of God, and habitually obeying his PIP/ERIDGE, n. A shrub, the berberis, or
cles. commands; religious ;devoted to the ser-
PIN’NAGE, n. Poundage of cattle. [Not barberry. Fam. of Plants.
used.| [See Pound.| vice of God ; applied to persons. The piperidge of New England is the
PIN‘NATE, [L. pinnatus, from pinna, 2. Dictated by reverence to God ; proceed- nyssa villosa, a large tree with very tough
PIN'‘NATED, ,® a fether or fin.] ing trom piety ; applied to things; as pious wood.
In botany, a pinnate leaf is a species of com- awe; pious services or affections; pious PIP’ERIN, 2. A concretion of volcanic
pound leaf wherein a simple petiole bas}! sorrow. ashes. De Costa. Kirwan.
several leaflets attached to each side ofit. 3. Having due respect and affection for pa- 2. A peculiar crystaline substance extracted
Martyn. rents or other relatives ; practicing the from black pepper. The crystals of pipe-
duties of respect and affection towards rin are transparent, of a straw color, and
PIN'NATIFID, a. [L. pinna, a fether, and parents or other near relatives. they assume the tetrahedral prismatic
Jindo, to cleave.] Taylor. Pope. form with oblique summits. Carpenter.
In botany, fether-cleft. A pinnatifid leaf is 4. Practiced under the pretense of religion ; PIPE-TREE, n. The lilac.
a species of simple leaf, divided trans- as pious frauds. PIPING, ppr. Playing on a pipe.
versely by oblong horizontal segments or PIOUSLY, adv. In a pious manner; with 2. a. Weak; feeble ; sickly. [Vulgar and
jags, not extending to the mid rb. reverence and affection for God; relig- not in use in America. ]
Martyn. iously; with due regard to sacred things 3. Very hot; boiling; from the sound of
PIN’NATIPED, a. [L. pinna and pes, foot.) or to the duties God has enjoined. boiling fluids. [Used in vulgar language.|
Fin-footed ; having the toes bordered by Hammond. PIPIS’TREL, n. A species of bat, the small-
membranes. Latham. 2. With due regard to natural or civil rela- est of the kind.
PIN'NED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confin- tions and to the duties which spring from PIP‘KIN, n. [dim. of pipe] A small
ed them. Addison. earthen boiler. Pope.
PIN’NER, x. One that pins or fastens: PIP, n. [D. pip; Fr. pepie.| A disease of PIP’PIN, n. [D. pippeling.| A kind of ap-
also, a pounder of cattle, or the pound- fowls; a horny pellicle that grows on the ple; a tart apple. This name in America
keeper. tip of their tongue. Johnson. Hudibras. is given to several kinds of apples, as to
2. A pin-maker. 2 A spot on cards. Addison. the Newtown pippin, an excellent winter
3. The lappet of ahead which flies loose. PIP, v. a. [L. pipio ;W. pipian ; Dan. piper.] apple, and the summer pippin, a large
Gay. To ery or chirp, as a chicken; commonly
apple, but more perishable than the New-
PIN'NITE, n. Fossil remains of the Pinna, | pronounced peep. Boyle. town pippin.
a genus of shells. Jameson. PIPE, n. (Sax. pipe ; W.pib; Ir. pib, piob; PIQUANCY, n. pik/ancy. [infra.} Sharp-
PIN’NOCK, n. A small bird, the tomtit. Sw. pip, Pipa; -pyp; G. pfeife, whence hess ; pungency ; tartness; severity.
Ainsworth. Eng. fife; Dan. pibe; Port. It. Sp. pipa; Barrow.
PIN‘NULATE, a. A pinnulate leaf is one Fr. pipe; Arm. pip or pimp.]} PIQUANT, a. pik/ant. [Fr. from piquer, to
in which each pinna is subdivided. 1. A wind instrument of music, consisting prick or sting, It. piccare, Sp. Port. picar,
Marlyn. of a long tube of wood or metal; as a from the root ofpike, peak. }
PINT, n. [D. pint ; Fr. pinte; Sp. pinta.] rural pipe. The word, I believe, is not 1. Pricking ; stimulating to the tongue ;
Half a quart, or four gills. In medicine, now the proper technical name of any as rock as piquant to the tongue as salt.
twelve ounces. It is applied both to li- particular instrument, but is applicable to Addison.
quid and dry measure. any tubular wind instrument, and it oc- 2. Sharp ; tart; pungent; severe; as piq-
PIN’‘TLE, n. A little pin. In artillery, a) curs in bagpipe. uant railleries. Gov. of the Tongue.
long iron bolt. A long tube or hollow body; applied to PIQUANTLY, adv. pik'antly. With sbarp-
PIN‘ULES, n. plu. In astronomy, the sights, the veins and arteries of the body, and to ness or pungency ; tartly. Locke.
of an astrolabe. Dict. many hollow bodies, particularly such as PIQUE, n. peek. [Fr. See Piquant.| An
PIONEE’R, n. [Fr. pionnier, contracted| are used for conductors of water or other offense taken; usually, slight anger, irrita-
from prochnier, trom pioche, a pickax ; pio- fluids. tion or displeasure at persons, rather tem-
cher, to dig, that is, to peck, W. pigaw, Sp. . A tube of clay with a bowl at one end; porary than permanent, and distinguished
Port. picar. The Italians use guastatore, used in smoking tobacco. either in degree or temporariness from
Sp. gastador, from guastare, gastar, to . The organs of voice and respiration; as settled enmity or malevolence.
waste, to wear away. The Germans use in avindpipe. Peacham. Out of personal pique to those in service. he
schanzgréber, D. schansgraaver, a trench- The key or sound ofthe voice. Shak. stands as a looker on, when the government is
digger.] . In England, a roll in the exchequer, or attacked. Addison.
~ . In the art and practice of war, one whose the exchequer itself. Hence, pipe-office is 2. A strong passion. Hudibras.
business is to march with or before an an office in which the clerk of the pipe 3. Point; nicety ;punctilio.
army, to repair the road or clear it of ob-| makes out leases of crown lands, accounts Add long prescription of established laws,
structions, work at intrenchments, or form! of sheriffs, &c. And pique of honor to maintain a cause.
mines for destroying an enemy’s works. 7. A cask containing two hogsheads or 120 rs Dryden.
gallons, used for wine ; or the quantity PIQUE, v.t.
Bacon. peek. (Fr. piquer. See Pig-
wo. One that goes before to remove obstruc- which it contains. uant.|
tions or prepare the way for another. . In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs 1. To offend; to nettle ; toirritate ; to sting ;
PIY/ONING, n. The work ofpioneers. [Not forward endwise in a hole, and does not to fret; to excite a degree of anger. It
used. | Spenser..| sink downwards or ina vein, Encye. expresses less than erasperate.
 PIR PIs PIS
The lady was piqued by her indifference. 3. Practicing literary theft. 'To discharge the liquor secreted by the kid-
Female Quixote. The errors of the press were multiplied by neys and lodged in the urinary bladder.
2, To stimulate; to excite to action; to piratical printers. Pope. PISS, n. Urine; the liquor secreted by the
touch with envy, jealousy or other passion. PIRATI€ALLY, adv. By piracy. Bryant. kidneys into the bladder of an animal and
Piqu’d by Protogenes’ fame, PIROGUE, piro'ge, |Sp. piragua. discharged through the proper channel.
From Co to Rhodes Apelles came— Prior. PIRAGUA, teen This word is jPISS‘ABED, n. The vulgar name of a yel-
3. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride or variously written, periagua or pirogue. low flower, growing among grass.
value one’s self. The former is the spelling of Washington) PIS‘SASPHALT, n. [Gr. aoca, pitch, and
Men pique themselves on their skill in the! and Jefferson; the latter of Charlevoix.] acpaaros, asphalt; Sp. piscafitio|
the learned languages. Locke. 1. A canoe formed out of the trunk of a tree, ‘Eartb-pitch ; pitch mixed with bitumen,
PIQUED, pp. pee/ked. Irritated ; nettled ; or two canoes united. Charlevoir. natural or artificial ; a fluid opake mineral
offended ; excited. 2. In modern usage in America, a narrow substance, thick and inflammable, but
PIQUEER. [See Enekerr | ferry boat carrying two masts and a lee- leaving a residuum after burning. Encye.
PIQUEE/RER, n. A_ plunderer; a free- board. \PISS‘/BURNT, a. Stained with urine.
booter. [See Pickeerer.] Swift. PIR/RY, n. A rough gale of wind; a storm. |PIST, n, LF. piste, trom Sp. Port. pista,
PIQUET. [See Picket.] [.Vot used.] Elypot. \PISTE, § “ from Sp. pistar, to beat, or piso-
PIQUET, n. piket’. [Fr.] A game at cards \PIS/CARY, n. [It. pescheria, from pescare, nar, to ram or drive.
played between two persons, with only to fish, Sp. pescar; Fr. pécherie, from pé- 'The track or foot-print of a horseman on the
thirty two cards; all the deuces, threes, cher, to fish ; L. piscis, a fish ; piscor, to fish.] ground he goes over. Johnson.
fours, fives and sixes being set aside. In law, the right or privilege offishing in an- \PISTA/CHIO, n. [Fr. pistache; It. pistac-
a Encye. other man’s waters. Blackstone. chio; L. pistachia; Gr. mgaxia; Pers.
PIQUING, ppr.pee'king. Irritating ;offend- PISCA’TION, n. [L. piscatio. See Piscary or O38 S209
ing; priding. and Fish.} The act or praetice of fishing.
PIRACY, n. [Fr. piraterie; L. piratica, Brown. iinad; Ar RimaS.]
from Gr. wepareca, from xetpaa, to attempt, PIS'‘€ATORY, a. [L. piscatorius.| Relating The nut of the Pistacta terebinthus or tur-
to dare, to enterprise, whence L.periculum, to fishes or to fishing; as a piscatory ec- pentine tree, containing a kernel of a pale
experior. The primary sense of the root logue. Addison. greenish color, of a pleasant taste, resem-
is to run, rush or drive forward ; allied to PIS'CES, n. plu. [L. piscis.| In astronomy,| bling that of the almond, and yielding a
Sax. furan, Eng. to fare Class Br.] the Fishes, the twelfth sign or constella- well tasted oi]. It is wholesome and nu-
1, The act, practice or crime of robbing on tion in the zodiac. tritive. The tree grows in Syria, Arabia
the high seas ; the taking of property from PIS‘CINE, a. [L. piscis, a fish.] Pertaining | and Persia. Encyc.
others by open violence and without au- to fish or fishes ; as piscine remains. PIS'TACITE,
ronan
.
[See Epzdote.]
thority,on thesea; a crime that answers Kirwan.
to robbery on land. Waller. Arbuthnot. PISCIV’/OROUS, a. [L. piscis, a fish, and IPISTAREE’N, n. A silver coin of the value
Other acts than robbery on the high voro, to eat.| of 17 or 18 cents, or 9d. sterling.
seas, are declared by statute to be piracy. \Feeding or subsisting on fishes. Many spe- PIS’/TIL, n. [L. pistillum, a pestle.) In bot-
See Act of Congress, April 50, 1790. cies of aquatic fowls are piscivorous. any, the pointal, an organ of female flow-
2. The robbing of another by taking his PISH, exclam. [perhaps the oriental wy or), ers adhering to the fruit for the reception
writings. m2. Class Bs. No. 2. 3.] of the pollen, supposed to be a continua-
PIRATE, n. [It. pirato; L. Sp. pirata; Gr. A word expressing contempt; sometimes tion of the pith, and when perfect, con-
newatns, from mepao. See Piracy. For- spoken and written pshaw. sisting of three parts, the germ or ovary,
merly this word signified a ship or sea PISH, v. 7. To express contenpt. Pope. | thestyle, and the stigma. Martyn.
soldier, answering to the marine of the PIS‘IFORM, a. [L. pisum, a pea, and forma, |PISTILLA‘CEOUS, a. Growing on the
present day.] form.] Having the form ofa pea. erm or seed bud of a flower. Barton.
1. A robber on the high seas; one that by Masses ofpisiform argillaceous iron ore. PIS’TILLATE, a. Having or consisting in
open violence takes the property of an- Kirwan. a pistil.
other on the high seas. In strictness, the PIS‘MIRE, x. [The last syllable is the Sw. PISTILLA/TION, n. [L.pistillum, a pestle,
word pirate is one who makes it his busi- myra, Dan. myre, D. meer, an ant; Sax. that is, a beater or driver.] The act of
ness to cruise for robbery or plunder; a myra, tender. I know not the origin or | pounding in a mortar. [Little wsed.]
freebooter on the seas. meaning of the first syllable.] The insect [PISTILLIF’EROUS, a. |pistil and L. fero,
2, An armed ship or vessel which sails maith called the ant or emmet. to bear.}
out a legal commission, for the purpose o Prior., Mortimer. ‘Having a pistil without stamens ; as a female
plundering other vessels indiscriminately PIS/OLITE, n. [Gr. xsov, a pea, and Acsos, flower.
on the high seas. a stone.] PIS'TOL, n. [Fr. pistole, pistolet; It. Sp.
3. A bookseller that seizes the copies or Peastone, a carbonate of lime, slightly color- pistola, a pistol. This word, like piston
writings of other men without permission. ed by the oxyd of iron. It occurs in little and pestle, signifies a driver, or a canal
Johnson. globular concretions of the size of a pea | or spout, from the same root. Class Bs.]
PIRATE, v. i. To rob on the high seas. or larger, which usually contain each a A small fire-arm, or the smallest fire-arm
Arbuthnot. grain of sand as a nucleus. These con- used, differing from a musket chiefly in
PIRATE, v. t. To take by theft or without cretions in uwuion sometimes compose en- size. Pistols are of different lengths, and
right or permission, as books or writings. tire beds of secondary mountains. It is | borne by horsemen in cases at the saddle
They advertised they would pirate his edi- sometimes called calcarious tufa. | bow, or by a girdle. Small pistols are
tion. Pope. Dict. Nat. Hist. Cleaveland. carried in the pocket.
PURATED, pp. Taken by theft or without PIS‘OPHALT, x. Pea-mineral or mineral- PIS’TOL, v. t. [Fr. pistoler.]| To shoot with
right. pea; a soft bitumen, black and ofa strong a pistol.
PYRATING, ppr. Robbing on the high pungent smell. It appears to be petrol PISTO'LE, n. {[Fr.] A gold coin of Spain,
seas; taking without right, as a book or passing to asphalt. It holds a middle}, | but current in the neighboring countries.
writing. place between petrol, which is liquid, \PIS‘TOLET, n. [Fr.] A little pistol.
2. a. Undertaken for the sake of piracy ; as and asphalt, which is dry and brittle. PIS’/TON, n. [Fr. Sp. piston, from the root
a pirdling expedition. Mitford. Dict. Nat. Hist. | of Sp. pisar, pistar, L. pinso, the primary
PIRATICAL, a. [L. piraticus.] Robbing PISS, v. t. [D. G. pissen; Dan. pisser: Sw. | sense of which is to press, send, drive,
or plundering by open violence on the pissa; Fr. pisser; W. pisaw; Basque,|) thrust or strike, like embolus, from Gr.
high seas; as a pirafical commander or 0. .= euOarrn, Barre. |
ship. pisye ; It. pisciare ; Pers. lane, pishar, A short cylinder of metal or other solid sub-
22, Consisting in piracy; predatory; rob- stance, used in pumps and other engines
bing ; as a prratical trade or occupation. urine. Class Br. No. 61. 69.] or machines for various purposes. It is
 RUT EET Pu fT
fitted exactly to the bore of another reo colophony. The smoke of pitch condensed| fication, It seems formerly to haye sig-
so as to prevent the entrance or escape 0 forms lampblack. Fourcroy.
nified a water pot, jug or jar with ears.
air, and is usually applied to the purpose 2. The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissa-, Shak.
of forcing some fluid into or outof the ca- ted ;used in calking ships and paying the 2. An instrument for piercing the ground.
nal or tube which it fills, as in pumps, sides and bottom. Mortimer.
fire-engines and the like. PITCH, x. [from the reot of pike, peak, W. PITCH-FARTHING, x. A play in which
PIT, n. (Sax. pit or pyt; D. put; W. Pydj pig. See the Verb.] copper coin is pitched into a hole; called
Ir. pit; L. puteus ; Sans. put, puttu; W. 1. Literally, a point; hence, any point or also chuck-fartbhing, from the root of
pydaw, a well or spring, an oozing fluid. degree of elevation ;as a high pitch ;low- choke.
{t is uncertain whether this word original- est pitch. PITCH’FORK, n. [W. picfore.| A fork or
ly signified a hollow place dug in the earth, ow high apitch his resolution soars. farming utensil used in throwing hay or
or a natural spring of water and its bason. Shak. sheaves of grain, in loading or unloading
- -- Alcibiades was one of the best orators of his carts and wagons.
See Ar. 45 to spring, and Class Bd. age, notwithstanding he lived when learning
was at its highest pitch. Addison. [PITCH'INESS, n. [from pitch.] Blackness ;
No. 58. 59. 63.] Highest rise. Shak. darkness. [Little used.]
1. An artificial cavity made in the earth by wrSize; stature. PITCH/ING, ppr. Setting; planting or fix-
digging ; a deep hole in the earth. So like in person, garb and pitch. Hudibras. ing; throwing headlong; plunging ; daub-
Rete : Bacon. Shak. = . Degree; rate. ing with pitch; setting, as a tune.
2. A deep place ; an abyss; profundity. Nopitch of glory from the grave is free. 2. a. Declivous ;descending; sloping; asa
Into what pit thou seest Waller. hill.
From what height fallen. Milton. 5. The point where a declivity begins, or the /PITCH/ING, n. In navigation, the rising
3. The grave. Ps. xxviii. and xxx. declivity itself; descent; slope; as the aud falling of the head and stern ofa ship,
4, The area for cock-fighting ;whence the pitch ofa bill. as she moves over waves; or the vertical
phrase, to fly the pit. — Locke. Hudibras. 6. The degree of descent or declivity. vibration of a ship about her center of
5 . The middle part of a theater. Dryden. 7. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down. gravity.y Mar. Dict.
6.. "The hollow of the body at the stomach. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a PITCH’-ORE, n. Pitch-blend, an ore of
Wesay, the pit of the stomach. tune or of any note. uranium.
7. The cavity under the shoulder; as the PITCH, v. t. [formerly pight; W. piciaw, tol) PITCH’PIPE, x. An instrument used by
arm-pit. dart, from pig,a point, a pike; D. pikken, choristers in regulating the pitch or eleva-
8. A dint made by impression on a soft sub- to peck, to pick, to pitch; G. pichen; Fr. tion of the key or leading note ofa tune.
stance, as by the finger, &c. Jicher ; Arm. ficha ; coinciding with L.fizo, Spectator.
9. A little hollow in the flesh, made by a to fix, and uniting pike, pique with fix, Sp. PITCH’-STONE, n. A mineral, a sub-
pustule, as in the small pocks. picar, It. piceare, to prick or sting.] species of quartz, which in luster and tex-
10. A hollow place in the earth excavated 1. To throw or thrust, and primarily, to ture resembles pitch, whence its name.
for catching wild beasis ; hence in Serip- thrust a leng or pointed object; hence, to It is sometimes called resinite. Its colors
ture, whatever ensnares and brings into fix; to plant; to set; as, to pitch a tent or are, several shades of green; black with
calamity or misery, from which it is diffi- pavilion, that is,to set the stakes. green, brown or gray ; brown, tinged with
cult to escape. Ps. vii. Prov. xxii. and Dryden.|) red, green or yellow; sometimes yellow-
Xxili. 2. To throw at a point ; as, to pitch quoits. ish or blue. It occurs in large beds and
11. Great distress and misery, temporal, 3. To throw headlong ; as, to pitch one in sometimes forms whole mountains.
spiritual or eternal. Is. xxxviii. Ps. xl. the mire or down a precipice. Cleaveland.
12. Hell; as the bottomless pit. Rev. xx. 4. To throw with a fork; as, to pitch hay or PITCH’Y, a. Partaking of the qualities of
PIT, v. t. To indent; to press into hollows. sheaves of corn. pitch ; like pitch. Woodward.
2. 'To mark with little hollows, as by vario- 5. To regulate or set the key-note of a tune 2. Smeared with pitch. Dryden.
lous pustules ; as the face pitted by the small in music. 3. Black; dark; dismal; as the pitchy
pocks. 6. 'To set in array; to marshal or arrange in mantle of night. Shak.
3. To set in competition, as in combat. order ;used chiefly in the participle; as a PIT’COAL, xn. Fossil coal; coal dug from
Federalist, Madison.|| pitched battle. the earth.
7. [from piteh.] To smear or pay over witb! PIT’EOUS, a. [See Pity.) Sorrowful;
PITAHA‘YA, ». A shrub of Calitornia,
which yields a delicious fruit, the Cactus! pitch ; as, to pitch the seams ofa ship. | mournful; that may excite pity ; asa pite-
ous look.
Pitajayu. Encyc.) PITCH, v. 7. 'To light ; to settle 3 to come to (2. Wretched; miserable; deserving com-
rest from flight.
PIT’APAT, adv. [probably allied to beat.) | Take a branch of the tree on which the bees passion ; as a gteous condition.
In a flutter ;with palpitation or quick suc-| pitch, and wipe the hive. Mortimer. 3. Compassionate ; affected by pity.
cession of beats; as, his heart went pita-| 2. To fall headlong; as, to pitch from a pre- Prior. Pope.
pat. cipice ; to pitch on the head. Dryden. 4. Pitiful; paltry ;poor; as piteous amends.
PIT/APAT, n. A light quick step. 3. To plunge ; as, to pitch into a river. Milton.
Now f hear the pitapat of a pretty foot,| 4. 'To fall; to fix choice; with on or upon. PIT/EOUSLY, adv. Ina piteous manner;
through the dark alley. Dryden. Pitch upon the best course of life, and cus- with compassion. Shak.
PITCH, n. (Sax. pic; D. pik ; G.pech; Sw. tom will render it the most easy. Tillotson. . Sorrowfully ;mournfully.
beck ;Dan. beg or beeg; Iv. pic or pech ; 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation: to PIT’EOUSNESS, n. Sorrowfulness.
W. pygz;s Sp. pez; It. pece; Tv. poi; L, encamp. 2. ‘Tenderness ;compassion.
pix; Gr. msm or merra; most probably Laban with his brethren pitched in the PIT’FALL, n. A pit slightly covered for
named from its thickness or inspissation, mount of Gilead. Gen. xxxi.
concealment, and intended to catch wild
from the root of anya, any, mnoow, L, '6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head beasts or men.
Jigo. See Class By. No. 23. 24. 28. 66.) and stern of aship passing over waves.
» PIT’FALL, v. t. To lead into a pitfall.
1. A thick tenacious substance, the juice of a d. To flow or fall precipitously, as a river. Milton.
species of pine or fir called abies prcea, Over this rock, the river pitches in one entire
sheet. B. Trumbull.| PIT-FISH, n. A small fish of the Indian
obtained by incision from the bark of the
tree. When melted and pressed in bags PITCH/ED, pp. Set; planted; fixed: seas, about the size of a smelt, of a green
of cloth, it is received into barrels. thrown headlong ; set in array ;smeared and yellow color. It has the power of
This | with piteh. protruding or retracting its eyes at pleas-
is white or Burgundy pitch; by mixture
with lampblack it is converted into black PITCHER, n. [Arm. picher ; Basque, pegar ; ure. Dict. Nat. Hist.
from its spout, or from throwing. ]
pitch. When kept long in fusion with vin- 1. An earthen vessel with a spout for pour- PITH, x. (Sax. pitha ;D. pit, pith, kernel.]
egar, it becomes dry and brown, and forms 1. The soft spungy substance in the center of
ing out liquors. This is its present signi- plants and trees. Bacon. Encye.
Vol. IL,
 PIT PIV PLA
2. In animals, the spinal marrow. Ray. |PIT’MAN, n. The man that stands in a pit PIX, n. [L. pyzis.] A little box or chest in
3. Strength or force. Shak.| when sawing timber with another man which the consecrated host is kept in Ro-
4. Energy; cogency; concentrated force; who stands above. Moxon. man catholic countries. Hanmer.
closeness and vigor of thought and style. PIT’-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing 2. A box used for the trial of gold and silver
5. Condensed substance or matter; quint- timber, and used by two men, one of) coin. Leake.
essence. The summary contains the pith whom stands in a pit below. Moxon. PIZ’ZLE, n. [D. pees, a tendon or string.]
of the original. PIT’TANCE, n. [Fr. pitance ; It. pietanza ; In certain quadrupeds, the part which is
6. Weight; moment; importance. Port. piténea. The word signifies prima- official to generation and the discharge of
Enterprises of great pith and moment. rily, a portion of food allowed to a monk. urine. Brown.
Shak. The Spanish has pitar, to distribute allow-) PLACABIL'ITY, {from placable.}
PITH'ILY, adv. With strength ; with close ances of meat, and pitancero, a person who| PLA/€ABLENESS, The quality of
or concentrated force; cogently; with distributes allowances, or a friar who lives being appeasable ; susceptibility of being
energy. on charity.] pacified.
PITH/INESS, n. Strength; concentrated 1. An allowance of meat in a monastery. PLA’‘€ABLE, a. [It. placabile; Sp. placa-
force ; as the pithiness ofa reply. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned. ble; L. placabilis, from placo, to pacify;
Spenser. Shak. probably formed on the root of lay. See
PITH’LESS, a. Destitute of pith ;wanting 3. A very small quantity. Arbuthnot.| Please.)
strength. PITUITARY, a. [L. pitwita, phlegm, That may be appeased or pacified; appeas
2. Wanting cogency or concentrated force. rheum ; Gr. rv, to spit.] able ; admitting its passions or irritations
PIT’HOLE, n. A mark made by disease. That secretes phlegm or mucus; as the pitu- | to be allayed ; willing to forgive.
Obs. Beaum. itary membrane. Med. Repos. Methought | saw him placable and mild.
PITH’Y, a. Consisting of pith ;containing| The pituitary gland isa small oval body) Milton.
pith ; abounding with pith; asa pithy sub-) on the lower side of the brain, supposed) PLAG‘ARD, x. [Fr. placard ; Sp. placarte ;
by the ancients to secrete the mucus of D. plakaat ;plakken, to paste or stick ; G.
stance ; a pithy stem. Dan. placat ; Fr. plaquer,to clap on, Arm.
2. Containing concentrated force ; forcible; the nostrils. Parr. Quincy.
placqa. According to the French orthog-
energetic ;as a pithy word or expression. PIT/UITE, n. [Fr. from L. pituita.) Mucus. raphy, this word is composed of plaquer,
This pithy speech prevailed and all agreed. PITUITOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consist-
Dryden. ing of mucus, or resembling it in qual- to lay or clap on, and carte, card.}
ities. Properly, a written or printed paper posted
3. Uttering energetic words or expressions.
PIT’Y, n. [Fr. pitié ;It. pieti, pity and piety; ina public place. It seems to have been
In all these, Goodman Fact was very short, formerly the name of an edict, proclama-
but pithy. Addison. Sp. pietad, pity and piety; Port. piedade,|
id. The Latin, Italian, Spanish and Por- tion or manifesto issued by authority, but
PIT/IABLE, a. [Fr. pitoyable: from pity.] tuguese languages unite pity and piety in this sense is, I believe, seldom or never
Deserving pity; worthy of compassion; the same word, and the word may be frony annexed to the word. A placard now is
miserable; as pitiable persons; a pitiable the root of compassion ; L. patior, to suf- an advertisement, or a libel, or a paper
condition. Atterbury. fer; It. compalire, Sp. Port. compadecerse, intended to censure public or private char-
PIT/IABLENESS, n. State of deserving to pity.] acters or public measures, posted in a
compassion. Kettlewell. 1. The feeling or suffering of one person, ex- public place. In the case of libels or pa-
PIT‘IED, pp. Compassionated. [See the cited by the distresses of another ; sympa-| pers intended to censure public or private
verb, to pity. | thy with the griefor misery of another; characters, or the measures of govern-
PITIFUL, a. [See Pity.) Fullof pity; ten- compassion or fellow-suffering. ment, these papers are usually pasted up
der; compassionate; having a heart to He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth to} at night for secrecy.
feel sorrow and sympathy for the distress- the Lord. Prov. xix. | PLA’CATE, v. t. [L. placo, to appease.] To
ed. James v. 1 Pet. iii. [This is the In Scripture however, the word pity appease or pacify ; to cenciliate. Forbes.
proper sense of the word.| usually includes compassion accompanied PLACE, n. [Fr. id.; Sp. plaza; Port. pra-
2, Miserable; moving compassion; as a with some act of charity or benevolence, ca; It. piazza, for plazza; Arm. placz;
sight most pitiful; a pitiful condition. and notsimply a fellow feeling of distress. D. plaats ; G. plalz ;Sw. plats ; Dan. plads.
Shak. Ray. Pity is always painful, yet always agreeable. Words of this signification have for their
This is a very improper use of pitiful for Kames. radical sense, to /ay.]
pitiable. 2. The ground or subject of pity; cause of) 1. A particular portion of space ofindefinite
3. To be pitied for its littkeness or mean- grief; thing to be regretted. extent, occupied or intended to be occu-
ness ; paltry ;contemptible ; despicable. What pity is it pied by any person or thing, and consid-
That’s villainous, and shows a most pitiful)
That we can die but once to serve our coun-| ered as the space where a person or thing
try! Addison does or may rest or has rested, as distinct
ambition in the fool that uses it. Shak.
That he is old, the more is the pity, his white
1. Very small; insignificant. hairs do witness it. Shak.
from space in general.
PITIFULLY, adv. With pity; compas- Look from the place where thou art. Gen.
In this sense, the word has a plural. It xiii.
sionately. is a thousand pities he should waste his
Pitifully behold the sorrows of our hearts. The place where thou standest is holy ground.
Com. Prayer. estate in prodigality. Ex. iii.
2. Ina manner to excite pity. PIT’Y, v. i. [Fr. pitoyer.] To feel pain or Every place whereon the soles of your feet
They would sigh and groan as pitifully as grief for one in distress; to have sympa- shall tread shall be yours. Deut. xi.
other men. Tillotson. thy for; to compassionate ; to have ten-| David’s place was empty. 1 Sam. xx.
5. Contemptibly ;with meanness. der feelings for one, excited by his unbap- 2. Any portion of space, as distinct from
Richardson. piness. space in general.
Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Enlargement and deliverance shall arise to
PITIFULNESS, x. Tenderness of heart Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii.
that disposes to pity ;merey ;compassion. the Jews from another place. Esth. iv.
Taught by that power who pities me, |
Sidney. I learn to pity them. 3. Local existence.
Goldsmith. we)
2. Contemptibleness. PIT’Y, v. 7. To be compassionate ; to exer- From whose face the earth and the heaven
PITILESS, @. Destitute of pity; hard- fled away, and there was found no place for
cise pity. them. Rev. xx.
hearted ; applied to persons; as a pitiless I will not pity nor spare, nor have mercy.
master. Jer. xiii. . Separate room or apartment.
2. Exciting no pity; as a pitiless state. (Bul this may be considered as an ellip- His catalogue had an especial place for se-
PITILESSLY, adv. Without mercy or) tical phrase. } d ‘ questered divines. Feil.
cormpassion. Sherwood.|PIV/OT, n. (Fr. In Italian, pivolo or piuolo 5.a Seat; residence ; mansion.
PITYILESSNESS, n. Unmercifulness; in- | is a peg or pin.] A pin on which any thing The Romans shall come and.take away both
sensibility to the distresses of others. turns. Dryden.| our place and nation. John xi.
 P LA PLA PLA
6. A portion or passage of writing or of a | by the side of a stream; to place a book
book. PLA/GIARISM, xn. [from plagiary.] The
ona shelf; to place a body of cay alry on act of purloining another man’s literary
The place of the Scripture which he read was each flank of an army.
this. Acts viii. ‘ 2. To appoint, set, induct or establish in works, or introducing passages from an-
7. Point or degree in order of proceeding ; an other man’s writings and putting them off
office. as one’s own; literary theft.
as in the first place ; in the second place; Thou shalt provide out of all the people able Swift.
in the last place. Hence, —_ y PLA‘GIARIST, n. One that purloins the
men, such as fear God, men writings
8. Rank; order of priority, dignity or im- of truth, hating
covetousness ; and place such over them of another and puts them off as
portance. He holds the first place in so- to his own.
be rulers of thousands, &e. Ex. xviii.
ciety, or in the affections of the people. It is a high moral duty of sovereigns and su-| PLA/GIARY, n. [L. plagium,a kidnapping,
9. Office ; employment ; official station. The preme magistrates and councils, to place in of-| probably from plage, nets, toils, that
man has a Beco under the Solerament fice men of unquestionable virtue and talents. which is layed or spread, from the root
of
Do you
y you r office, org
or give u p yourour p place.
‘Sia Anon. Eng. lay. The L. plaga, a stroke, is
the
3. To put or set in any particular rank, state same word differently applied, a laying:
10. Ground ; room. a or condition. Some men are placed in a on.}
There is no place of doubting but that it is condition of rank and opulence, others are 1. A thief in literature ;one that purloins
the very same. Hammond.| another’s writings
1]. Station in life ; calling; occupation ;| placed in low or narrow circumstances : public as his own. and offers them to the
condition. All, in their several places, but in whatever sphere men are placed,| South. Dryden.
contentment will insure to them a large 2. The crime of literary theft. [.Vot used.]
perform their duty.
portion of happiness. Brown.
12. A city; a town; a village. In what! 4. To set;
to fix; as, to place one’s affec- PLA’GIARY, a. Stealing men; kidnap-
place does he reside? He arrived at this tions on an object ; to place confidence in
place in the mail coach. Gen. xviii. ping. [Not used.] Brown.
a friend. 2. Practicing literary theft. Hall.
13. In military affairs, a fortified town or
‘5. To put; to invest; as, to place money in PLAGUE, n. plag.
post ; afortress; a fort;asa strong place 3| [Sp. plaga or llaga, a
a place easily defended. The place was| 6. the funds or in a bank.
To put out at interest; to lend; as, to!
wound, a plague ; It. piaga, for plaga; G.
taken by assault. Dan. plage ; Sw. pliga; W. pla, plague;
place money in good hands or in good se- lac, a slap ; llaciaw, to strike, to lick, to
14. A country ; a kingdom. England is the
place of his birth. curity. cudgel; Ir. plaig ;L. plaga, a stroke, Gr.
15. Space in general.
PLACED, pp. Set; fixed ; located ; estab- marnyn. See Lick and Lay. The primary
lished. sense is a stroke or striking. So afflict is
But she all place within herself confines.
PLA’CE-MAN, n. One that has an office from the root of flog, and probably of the
Davies.
16. Room; stead ; with the sense of substi-| under a government. same family as plague.]
tution. |PLACEN’TA, n. {L. ; probably from
the - Any thing troublesome or vexatious ; but
And Joseph said unto them, fear not ; for am root of D. plakken, Fr. plaquer, to stick or in this sense, applied to the vexations we
Tin the place of God? Gen. 1. clap together.] suffer from men, and not to the unavoida-
17. Room; kind reception. I. In anatomy, the substance that connects ble evils inflicted on us by Divine Provi-
My word hath no place in you. John viii. the fetus to the womb, a soft roundish dence. The application of the word to
18. The place of the moon, in astronomy, is, mass or cake by which the circulation is the latter, would now be irreverent and
the part of its orbit where it is found at. carried on between the parent and the fe- reproachful.
any given time. The place of the sun or tus. Coxe. Quincy. . A pestilential disease ; an acute,
malig-
a star, is the sign and degree of the zodi-, 2. The part of a plant or fruit to which nant and contagious disease that often
ac, in which it is at any given time, or the. the seeds are attached. Coxe. Parr.| prevails in Egypt, Syria and Turkey, and
degree of the ecliptic, reckoning from the|PLACEN’TAL, a. Pertaining to the pla- has at times infected the large cities of
beginning of Aries, which the star’s circle | centa. Waterhouse. Europe with frightful mortality.
of longitude cuts, and therefore coincides: [PLACENTA’TION, n. In botany, the dis- 3. A state of misery. Ps. xxxviii.
with the longitude of the sun or star. | position of the cotyledons or lobes in the 4. Any
great natural evil or calamity ; as
Encye., vegetation or germination of seeds. the ten plagues of Egypt.
Yo take place, to come; to happen ; to come Martyn. PLAGUE, v. t. plag. [Sp. plagar ;
into actual existence or operation 3 as| |PLA’/CER, n. One who places, locates or caw ; It. piagare: G. plagen; Dan. plager;
W.. pla-
when we say, this or that event will or sets. Spenser.
will not take place. The perfect exemp- PLACID, a. [L. placidus, from placo, to 1. Sw. pliga ; from the noun. |
To infest with disease, calamity or natu-
tion of man from calamity can never aes appease. ]
; ral evil of any kind.
Gentle; quiet ;_undisturbed ; equable
place in this state of existence.
2. 'To take the precedence or priority. as a placid motion of the spirits. Bacon. Thus were they plagued
And worn with famine.
tddison. Locke. 2. Serene ; mild; unruffled ; indicating peace Milton.
To take the place, but sometimesto take place, of mind ; asa placid countenance or smile. 2. To vex; to tease ; to harass ; to trouble :
omitting the article, is to occupy the place! 3. Calm; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy ; as to embarrass ; a very general and indefinite
or station of another, a placid sky. signification.
To have place, to have a station, room or! i4. Calm; quiet; unruffled; as a placid If her nature be so,
seat. Such desires can have no place in a, stream. That she will plague the man that loves her
good heart. /PLACIDLY, adv. Mildly; calmly; quiet- most— Spenser.
|
2. To have actual existence. ly; without disturbance or passion. PLAGUEF UL, a. Abounding with plagues;
To give place, to make room or way. PLAC’/IDNESS, n. Calmness 3 quiet ; tran- infected with plagues.
Give)
place to your superiors. quillity ; unruftled state. PLAGUILY, adv. Vexatiously ;in a man-
2. To give room; to give advantag p)
Mildness; gentleness; sweetness of dis- ner to vex, harass or embarrass ; greatly
e; to| ;
yield to the influence of; to listen position. Chandler. horribly. [In vulgar use.]
to.
Neither give place to the devil. Eph. |PLACIT, xn. [L. placitum, that which pleas- Swift. Dryden.
iv. es, a decree, from placeo, to please.]
3. To give way ; to yield to and A PLAGUY, a. Vexatious; troublesome; tor-
suffer to) decree or determination. [Not in use. ]
pass away. menting. [Vulgar.] Hudibras.
High place, in Scripture, a mount | Glanville. PLAICE,
on which. PLACKET, n. [from the Fr. plaquer, to PLAISE, (Fr. plie ;Sp. platija;G. plati-
sacrifices were offered.
| clap on. See Placard.]
§"cise; Dan. plat-fisk, flat-fish :
PLACE, »v. t. [Fr. placer.] To put or from plat, flat.]
set in
a particular part of space, or in a particu- A petticoat. Ifthis is the sense of the word A fish of the genus Pleuronectes,
growing
lar part of the earth, or in something in Shakspeare, it is a derivative. The to the size of eight or ten pounds or more.
its surface ; to locate : as, to place
on, word signifies the opening of the garment; This fish is more flat and square than the
a house but it is nearly or wholly obsolete. halibut.
 PLA PLA PLR
PLAID, {qu. W. plaid, a partition ; di- PLAIN, adv. Not obscurely ; in a manner to} the sense of complaint and lamentation
PLAD, , ‘versity of colors being often be easily understood. is from beating the breast, as in violent
named from dividing.] 2. Distinetly ; articulately ; as, to speak grief; Sw. plagga, to beat.|
A striped or variegated cloth worn by the plain. Mark vii. lt. Lamentation ; complaint ;audible expres-
highlanders in Scotland. It is a narrow 3. With simplicity ; artlessly ; bluntly. sion of sorrow.
woolen stuff worn round the waist or on PLAIN, n. [Ir. cluain; W.llan; Fr. plaine.| From inward grief
the shoulders, reaching to the knees, and See the Adjective.] His bursting passion into plaints thus pour’d.
in cold weather to the feet. It is worn by 1. Levelland; usually,an open field with an| Milton.
both sexes. Pennant. even surface, or a surface little varied by 2. Complaint ;representation made of inju-
PLAIN, a. [Fr. plain; It. piano ; Sp. plano, inequalities; as all the plain of Jordan. ry or wrong done.
llano; Port. plano; from L. planus; G. Gen. xiii. | There are three just grounds of war with
Sw. plan; D. plein; Sw. Dan. D. G. plan,) 2. Field of battle. Arbuthnot. | Spain; one of plaints ; two upon defense.
a plan or scheme ; W. plan, a plane, a PLAIN, v. t. To level; to make plain or, Bacon.
plantation, a shoot or cion, a ray of light, even on the surface. Hayward.) 3. In law, a private memorial tendered to a
whence plant, children, issue ; pleiniaw, to PLAIN, v.7. [Fr. plaindre ; L. plango.|} To! court, in which the person sets forth his
radiate ;plenig, radiant, splendid, whence lament or wail. [Mot used.] [See Com- cause of action. Blackstone.
ysplan, clear, bright, splendid, and ysplan- plain.) Spenser.| 4. In law, a complaint; a formal accusation
der, L. splendor. The Gr. ~raaw, to wan-) |PLAIN-DE/ALING, 4. [plain and deal.)) exhibited by a private person against an
der, is from the same root. Here we have Dealing or communicating with frank- offender for a breach of law or a public
ness and sincerity ; honest ; open; speak-' offense. Laws ofN. York and Conn.
decisive evidence, that plain, plan, plant,
and splendor are from the same radix.| ing and acting without art; as a plain- PLA'INTFUL, a. Complaining; express-
dealing man. Shak. ILEstrange. ing sorrow with an audible voice; as my
See Plant. Class Ln. No. 4. 6. 7.]
1. Smooth; even; level; flat; without- ele- PLAIN-DE/ALING, n. A speaking or com-
plaintful tongue. Sidney.
vations and depressions; not rough; as municating with openness and sincerity ; PLAINTIF, x. [Fr. plaintif, mournful,
plain ground or land; a plain surface. management without art, stratagem or, making complaint. |
In this sense, in philosophical writings, it disguise ; sincerity. Dryden. In law, the person who commences a suit
PLA’IN-HE‘ARTED, a. Having a sincere before a tribunal, for the recovery of a
is written plane.
heart; communicating without art, re- claim ; opposed to defendant.
2. Open ; clear.
Our troops beat an army in plain fight and) serve or hypocrisy ; of a frank disposition. [Prior uses this word as an adjective, in
open field. Felton. Milton. the French sense, for plaintive, but the
3. Void of ornament; simple; as a plain! PLAIN-HE‘ARTEDNESS, x. Frankness use is not authorized. |
dress. of disposition ; sincerity. Hallywell., PLA/INTIVE, a. [Fr. plaintif.] Lament-
Plain without pomp, and rich without a show.||PLA/INLY, adv. With a level surtace. ing; complaining ; expressive of sorrow;
Dryden. [Little used.] as a plaintive sound or song. Dryden.
4. Artless ; simple ; unlearned ; without dis- 2. Without cunning or disguise. 2. Complaining ; expressing sorrow or grief;
guise, cunning or affectation; without re- 3. Without ornament or artificial embel- repining.
finement ; as men of the plainer sort. To sooth the sorrows of her plaintive son.
lishment ; as, to be plainly clad. | Dryden.
Gen. xxv. : Bacon. 4. Frankly ; honestly ; sincerely ; as, deal
Plain but pious christians— Hammond. PLA‘INTIVELY, adv. In a manner ex-
plainly with me. Pope. pressive of grief.
5. Artless; simple; unaffected; unembel- 5. In earnest ; fairly. Clarendon. PLA'INTIVENESS,
lished; as a plain tale or narration. xn. The quality or
6. Ina manner to be easily seen or compre-, state of expressing grief.
6. Honestly undisguised; open; frank; sin- hended.
cere ; unreserved. I will tell you the PLA‘INTLESS, a. Without complaint;
Thou shalt write on the stones all the words) unrepining.
plain truth. of this law very plainly. Deut. xxvii.
Give me leave to be plain with you. Bacon. PLA’IN-WORK, xn. Plain needlework, as
7. Evidently ; clearly ;not obscurely. The distinguished from embroidery. Pope.
7. Mere; bare; as a plain knave or fool. doctrines of grace are plainly taught in PLAIT, n. [W. pleth, a plait or fold ; plethu,
Shak. Pope. the Scriptures.
8. Evident to the understanding ; clear ; PLA/INNESS, to plait or braid, from Uleth; Sw. lita,
x. Levelness ; evenness or Dan. letter, to. plait, braid, twist, Russ.
manifest ; not obscure ; as plain words or surface.
janguage ; a plain difference ; a plain ar- 2. Want ofornament ; want ofartificial show.| pletu, opletayu, Fr. plisser, with a dialectical
gument. change of fto s. Qu. Gr. xAwGe, to twist.]
So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit. lL. A fold; a doubling ; as of cloth.
It is plain in the history, that Esau was nev- Pope. Itis very difficult to trace out the figure ofa
er subject to Jacob. Locke. 3. Openness ; rough, blunt or unrefined) vest through all the plaits and folding of the
9. Not much varied by modulations; as a frankness. drapery. Addison.
plain song or tune. Your plainness and your shortness please me 2. A braid of hair; a tress.
10. Not high seasoned ; not rich; not luxu- well. Shak.|
PLAIT, v. t. To fold; to double in narrow
riously dressed ; as a plain diet. 4. Artlessness; simplicity ;candor ; as un-} streaks ; as, to platt a gown or a sleeve.
iJ. Not ornamented with figures ; as plain thinking plainness. Dryden.| Gay.
muslin. 5. Clearness ; openness ; sincerity. 2. To braid; to interweave strands; as, to
12. Not dyed. Seeing then we have such hope, we use great | plait the hair.
18. Not difficult; not embarrassing ; as a plainness of speech. 2 Cor. iii. \3. To entangle ; to involve. Shak.
plain case in law. PLA‘IN-SONG, n. The plain, unvaried) PLA‘ITED, pp. Folded ; braided ; inter-
14. Easily seen or discovered ; not obscure} chant of churches; so called in contra-| woven.
or difficult to be found; asa plain road or, distinction from the prick-song, or varie-, PLA‘ITER, x. One that plaits or braids.
path. Our course is very plain. Ps, xxvii. gated musie sung by note. Shak.) PLA‘ITING, ppr. Folding ; doubling ;braid-
A plain or plane figure, in geometry, is a PLA/IN-SPOKEN, a. Speaking with plain, ing.
uniform surface, from every pot of unreserved sincerity. Dryden. PLAN, a. [Fr. G. D. Dan. Sw. Russ. plan.
whose perimeter right lines nay be drawn PLAINT, x. [Er. plainte, from plaindre, to, The Italian has pianta, a plant, and a
to every other point in the same. Encye. lament, from L. plango, to strike, to beat, plan, and in Welsh, plan is a shoot, cion,
A plain figure, in geometry, is a surface in to lament, whence complaint ;Gr. ajoow,| plantation or planting, and a plane. Hence
which, if any two points are taken, the nayrre, to strike, from the root anya, dis-; plan, plain, plane and plant are from one
straight line which joins them lies wholly used, whence wayyy, a stroke, L. plaga, root. The primary sense of the verb is to
in that surface. Eng. plague ;behtaen eat to lament ; Sp.) extend. ]
A plain angle, is one contained under two planir, from the Latin. ‘The primary, — . A draught or form; properly, the repre-
lines or surfaces, in contradistinction to a sense is to strike, that is, to drive or thrust,| sentation of any thing drawn on a plane,
solid angle. Encye. applied to the hand or to the voice; or as a map or chart, which is a representa-
 PLA PLA PLA
tion of some portion of land or water. er planets, denominated by some, asteroids, PLAN‘ISH, v.¢. [from plane.}| To make
But the word is applied particularly to the namely, Ys Ceres, ] Pallas, Juno and Vesta, | smooth or plain; to polish ; used by man-
model of a building, showing the form, have recently been discovered between ufacturers. Henry’s Chim.
extent and divisions in miniature, and it the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Mars, PLAN ISHED, pp. Made smooth.
may be applied to the draught or repre- Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell, being with- |PLAN'ISHING, ppr. Making smooth; pol-
sentation of any projected work on paper out tbe earth’s orbit, are sometimes called ishing.
or on a plain surface: as the plan ofa the superior planets; Venus and Mercury, PLAN ISPHERE, x. [L. planus, plain, and
town or city, or of a harbor or fort. being within the earth’s orbit, are called
The sphere. |
form of a machine in miniature, is called) inferior planets. The planets are opake A sphere projected on a plane, in which
a model. f ; bodies which receive their light from the sense, Maps in which are exhibited the
9
- A scheme devised; a project ; the form sun. They are so named froin their mo- meridians and other circles, are plani-
of something to be done existing in the tion or revolution, in distinetion from the spheres. Encye.
mind, with the several parts adjusted in) Jived stars, and are distinguished from the PLANK, 2. [Fr.planche ; Arm. plancquenn,
idea, expressed in words or committed latter by their not twinkling. | plu. plench; W. planc; D. plank; G. Dan.
to writing; as the plan of aconstitut jon of]PLANETA/‘RIUM, n. An astronomical ma- | planke; Sw. planka ; Russ. placha, a
government; the plon of a treaty; the chine which, by the movement ofits parts, board or plank. Probably n is casual and
plan of an expedition. represents the motions and orbits of the the word belongs to Class Lg.]
PLAN, v.t. To form a draught or repre- planets, agreeable to the Copernican sys- A broad piece of sawed timber, differing
sentation of any intended work. | tem. Encyc. from a board only in being thicker. In
2. To scheme; to devise; to form in design; PLAN’/ETARY, a. [Fr. planetaire.] Per- America, bread pieces of sawed timber
as, to plan the conquest of a country; to)) taining to the planets; as planetary inhab- which are not more than an inch or an
plan a reduction of taxes or of the nation- itants ;planetary motions. inch and a quarter thick, are called boards;
al debt. 2. Consisting ofplanets ; as a planetary sys- like pieces from an inch anda half to three
PLA'NARY, a. Pertaining to a plane. ; tem. or four inches thick, are called planks.
Dict. 3. Under the dominion or influence of a Sometimes pieces more than four inches
PLANCH, v. t. [Fr. planche, a plank. See! | planet; as a planetary hour. [.4strology.], thick are called planks.
Plank.) ] Dryden. PLANK, v. t. To cover or lay with planks;
To plank; to cover with planks or boards. 4. Produced by planets; as planctary plague as, to plank a floor or a ship.
Gorges. | or influence. Shak. /PLAN'NED, pp. Devised ; schemed.
PLANCH’ED, pp. Covered or made of} \5. Having the nature ofa planet; erratic or |PLAN’NER, x. One who plans or forms a
planks or boards. revolving. Blackmore. | plan; a projector.
PLANCH’ER, n. A floor. Bacon. Planetary days, the days of the week as PLANNING, ppr. Schemingg; ; devising ;
PLANCH‘ET, n. [Fr. planchette. See shared among the planets, each having its) making a plan.
Plank.| A flat piece of metal or coin. day, as we name the days of the week
Encye. after the planets. PLANO-CON'ICAL, a. [plain and conical]
PLANCH'ING, n. The laying of floors in |PLAN’ETED, a. Belonging to planets. Plain or level on one side and conical on
a building; also, a floor of boards or Young. the other. Grew.
planks. Carew. PLANETICAL, a. Pertaining to planets. PLANO-€ON'VEX, a. [plain and convev.]
PLANE, n. [from L.planus. See Plain.] In) [Vot used.} Brown. Plain or flat on one side and convex on
geometry, an even or level surface, like PLA/NE-TREE, n. [L. platanus} Fr. plane, the other; as a plano-convex lens.
plain in popular language. platane. | Newton.
2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface sup-| A tree of the genus Platanus. The oriental] (PLANO-HORIZON’TAL, a. Having a
posed to pass through any of the curves | plane-tree is a native of Asia; it rises level horizontal surface or position. Lee.
described on the celestial sphere; as the with a straig ht smooth branching stem to} |PLANO-SUB/ULATE, a. [See Subulate.]
plane of the ecliptic; the plane of a plan-) a great highth, with palmated leaves and, Smooth and awl-shaped. Lee.
et’s orbit; the plane ol a great circle. long pendulous peduncles, sustaining sev-| (PLANT, n. [Fr. plante; It. pianta; L. Sp.
3. In mechanics. [See Plain figure.] eral heads of small close sitting flowers.| Port. Sw. planta; Iv. plaunda ; D. plant;
4. In joinery and cabinet work, an instrument!) The seeds are downy, and collected into, G. pflanze; Dan. plante; Arm. plantenn;
consisting of a smooth piece of wood,|| | round, rough, hard balls. The occidental W. plant, issue, offspriug, children, from
with an aperture, through which passes) plane-tree, which grows to a great highth,|| plan, aray, ashoot, a plantation or plant-
obliquely a piece of edged steel or chisel,| is a native of N. America; it is called! ing, a plane; planed, a shooting body, a
used in paring or smoothing boards or), also button-wood. planet ;pleiniaw, to radiate ; plenig, radi-
wood of any kind. ant, splendid ; plent, that is rayed; plen-
PLANE, v. t. To make smooth; to pare oft | PLAN‘ET-STRUCK, a. Affected by the! tyn, a child; planta, to beget or to bear
the inequalities of the surface of a board) | influence of planets; blasted. — Suckling.| children. In It. Sp. and Port. planta sig-
or other piece of wood by the use of a PLANIFO’LIOUS, a. [L. planus, plain, and! nifies a plant anda plan. Here we find
plane. Jolium, leaf.)
plan, plane, plant, planet, all from one
2. To free from inequalities of surface. In botany, a planifolious flower is one made stock, and the Welsh pleiniavw, to radiate,
Arbuthnot.) up of plain leaves, set together in circular) shows that the L. splendeo, splendor, are of
PLA‘NED, pp. Made smooth with a plane ;| "ows round the center. [See Planipeta-| the same family. The Celtic clan is prob-
leveled. || lous.) ae Diet. ably the Welsh plan, plant, with a differ-
PLANET, n. [Fr. planete; It. pianeta; L. PLANIMET'RIE, ba Pertaining to the) ent prefix. The radical sense is obvious,
Sp. Port. planeta ; W. planed ;Gr. xacrnzrs,|PLANIMET’RICAL, §" mensuration of|| 5 shoot, to extend.|
wandering, from xaavaw, to wander, alli-|| plain surfaces. 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, destitute
ed to L. planus, Fr.loin. See Plant.] |PLANIMETRY, n. [L. planus, plain, and}
|
of sense and spontaneous motion, adher-
A celestial body which revolves about the, | Gr. wetpew, to measure. } ing to another body in such a manner as
sun or other center, or a body revolving) The mensuration of plain surfaces, or that to draw from it its nourishment, and hay-
about another planet as its center. Thel| part of geometry which regards lines and ing the power of propagating itself by
planets which revolve about the sun as’ plain figures, without considering their seeds ; “ whose seed is in itself.’ Gen. i.
their center, are called primary planets;)) highth or depth. Encye. This definition may not be perfectly cor-
those which revolve about other planets) PLANIPET’ALOUS, a. [L. planus, plain, rect, as it reSpects all plants, for some ma-
as their center, and with them revolvel| and Gr. weranor, a petal.| rine plants grow without being attached
about the sun, are called secondary planets, In botany, flat-leafed, as when the small, to any fixed body.
satellites or moons. The primary planets) flowers are hollow only at the bottom, but The woody or dicotyledonous plants
are named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, flat upwards, as in dandelion and succory. consist of three parts ;the bark or exterior
Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell. Four small- Dict. coat, which covers the wood; the wood
 PLA PLA PLA
which is hard and constitutes the princi- 2. The place planted; applied to ground PLASH, v. 7. To dabble in water; usually
pal part; and the pith or center of the planted with trees, as an orchard or the || splash.
stem. In monocotyledonous plants, the like. Addison. |PLASH, v. t. [Fr. plisser. See Plait. But
ligneous or fibrous parts, and the pithy or 3 In the United States and the West Indies, a perhaps originally pleach, from L. plico, to
parenchymatous, are equally distributed cultivated estate; a farm. In the United fold.]
through the whole internal substance ; States, this word is applied to an estate, a |'To interweave branches; as, to plash a
and in the lower plants, funguses, sea tract of land occupied and cultivated, in hedge or quicksets. [In New England,
weed, &c. the substance is altogether par- those states only where the labor is per- to splice.|
enchymatous. By means of proper ves- formed by slaves, and where the land is PLASH/’ING, ppr. Cutting and interweay-
sels, the nourishing juices are distributed more or less appropriated to the culture || ing, as branches in a hedge.
to every part of the plant. In its most of tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton, that |PLASH/ING, n. The act or operation of
general sense, plant comprehends all veg- is, from Maryland to Georgia inclusive, cutting and lopping small trees and inter-
etables, trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, &c. on the Atlantic, and in the western states weaving them, as in hedges. Encyce.
In popular language, the word is general- where the land is appropriated to the PLASH’Y, a. Watery; abounding with
ly applied to the smaller species of vegeta- same articles or to the culture of the sugar puddles. Sandys.
bles. cane. From Maryland, northward and), |PLASM, n. [Gr. maracua, from aracow, to
2. A sapling. Dryden. eastward, estates in land are called farms. form.}
3. In Scripture, a child ;a descendant; the; [= An original settlement in a new country ; A mold or matrix in which any thing is east
inhabitant of a country. Ps. exliv. Jer. a town or village planted. or formed to a particular shape. [Little
xlviil. While these plantations were forming in Con- used. | Woodward.
4. The sole of the foot. [Little used.] necticut— B. Trumbull. |PLAS/MA, x. A silicious mineral of a col-
Sea-plant, a plant that grows in the sea or in 5. A colony. Bacon. or between grass green and leek green,
salt water; sea weed. 6. A first planting ; introduction ; establish- occurring in angular pieces in beds, as-
Sensitive plant, a plant that shrinks on being ment; as the plantation of christianity in sociated with common chalcedony, and
touched, the mimosa. England. K. Charles. among the ruins of Rome. Ure.
PLANT, v.t. To put in the ground and PLANT’-€ANE, n. In the West Indies, the |PLASMAT’Té, Giving shape; hav-
cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant original plants of the sugar cane, produc- |PLASMATICAL, §“ ing the power of
maiz. ed trom germs placed in the ground ; or giving form. More.
2. To set in the ground for growth, as a canes of the first growth, in distinction PL'ASTER, n. [G. pflaster ;D. pleistre;
young tree or a vegetable with roots. from the ratoons, or sprouts from the Sw. plister; Dan. plaster; Fr. platre:
3. To engender; to set the germ of any roots of canes which have been cut. Arm. plastr ; W. plastyr; Ir. plastar, plas-
thing that may increase. | Edwards, W. Indies. trail ; Sp. emplasto; Port. id. or emprasto;
It engenders choler, planteth anger. Shak. | PLANT’ED, pp. Set in the earth for prop- It. impiastro ; L. emplastrum ; Gr. curtrag-
4. To set; to fix. agation; set; fixed; introduced; estab- pov, from eunaragow, to daub or smear, prop-
His standard planted on Laurentum’s towers. lished. erly to lay or spread on; mac, to daub
Dryden. |2. Furnished with seeds or plants for)| or to fashion, mold or shape.]
5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants; to) growth; as a planted field. \l. A composition of lime, water and sand,
establish; as, to planta colony. |3. Furnished with the first inhabitants ; set- well mixed into a kind of paste and used
6. To furnish with plants; to lay out and) tled ; as territory planted with colonists. for coating walls and partitions of houses.
prepare with plants; as, to plant a garden) 4, Filled or furnished with what is new. This composition when dry becomes hard,
or an orchard. A man in all the world’s new fashion plant- but still retains the name of plaster. Plas-
7. To set and direct or point; as, to plant ed. [See Def. 3.] Shak. ter is sometimes made of different mate-
cannon against a fort. PLANT’ER, n. One that plants, sets, intro- rials, as chalk, gypsum, &c. and is some-
8. To introduce and establish; as, to plant duces or establishes; as a planter of maiz ;|
times used to parget the whole surtace of
ebristianity among the heathen. a building.
a planter of vines; the planters of a colo-
I have planted, Apollos watered, but God ny. 2. In pharmacy, an external application ofa
gave the increase. 1 Cor. iii. harder consistence than an ointment, to
2. One that settles in a new or uncultivated
territory ; as the first planters in Virginia. be spread, according to different cireum-
9. To unite to Christ and fix ina state of stances, either on linen or lether. Encyc.
fellowship with him. Ps. xcii. 3. One who owns a plantation ; used in the
Plaster of Paris, a composition of several
PLANT, v.i. To perform the act of plant- West Indies and soutbern states of Amer-
species of gypsum dug near Montmar-
ing. Pope. ica.
tre, near Paris in France, used in building
PLANT’ABLE, a. Capable of being plant- 4. One that introduces and establishes. and in casting busts and statues. In pop-
ed. Edwards, W. Indies. The apostles were the first planters of chris- ular language, this name is applied im-
PLANT’AGE, n. [L. plantago.] An herb, tianity. Velson. Addison.
properly to plaster-stone, or to any spe-
or herbs in general. [.Vot in use.] PLANT’ERSHIP, n. The business of a
cies of gypsum.
Shak. planter, or the management of a planta-
PLANT‘AIN, n. [Fr.; from L. plantago ; It. PL‘ASTER, v. t. To overlay with plaster,
tion, as in the West Indies. Encye. as the partitions of a house, walls, &c.
piantaggine. | PLANTI€LE, x. A young plant or plant 2. To cover with plaster, as a wound.
A plant of the genus Plantago, of several) in embryo. Darwin.
species. The water plantain is of the ge- PLANTING, ppr. Setting in the earth for 3. In popular language, to smooth over; to
nus Alisma. Encye. cover or conceal defects or irregularities.
propagation ; setting ; settling ; introduc-
PLANT‘AIN, [Sp. platano.] A| Ing; establishing. PL‘'ASTERED, pp. Overlaid with plaster.
PLANT’AIN-TREE, (™ tree of the ge-| PLANT’ING, n. The act or Operation of} PL‘ASTERER, n. One that overlays with
nus Musa, the most remarkable species of setting in the ground for propagation, as plaster.
which are, the paradisiaca or plantain, and) seeds, trees, shrubs, &c. 2. One that makes figures in plaster.
the sapientum or banana tree. The plant-| PLANT’-LOUSE, n. An insect that infests | ; Wotton.
ain rises with a soft stem fifteen or twenty] plants; a vine fretter ;the puceron. |PL‘ASTERING, ppr. Covering with or lay-
feet high, and the fruit is a substitute for} PLASH, n. [D. plas, a puddle; G. plédtschern, ing on plaster.
bread. Eneye.| to plash, to dabble ; Dan. plasker, to plash;\PL‘ASTERING, xn. The act or operation of
PLANT’AL, a. Belonging to plants. [Voll Gr. 7a60s, superabundant moisture. Qu. || overlaying with plaster.
used. | Glanville.| ranacor. | |2. The plaster-work of a building ; a cover-
PLANTA‘TION, n. [L. plantatio, from - A small collection of standing water; a | ing of plaster.
planto, to plant.] puddle. Bacon. Pope. PL‘'ASTER-STONE, n. Gypsum, which
1. The act of planting or setting in the earth| 2. The branch ofa tree partly cut or lopped see. This when pulverized is extensively
for growth. and bound to other branches. — Mortimer. used as a manure.
 PLA PLA P Ez
PLAS'TIE, a. (Gr. naagixos, from wracow, to PLA’TED, pp. Covered or adorned with) precession of the equinoxes, is aecomplish-
form. | y plate ; armed with plate ; beaten into ed in about 25,000 years. Encye.
Having the power to give form or fashion to plates. PLATON‘ICALLY, adv. Afier the manner
a mass of matter; as the plastic hand of PLAT’EN, n. [from its flatness.] Among of Plato. Wotton.
the Creator; the plastic virtue of nature. printers, the flat part of a press by which PLA’'TONISM, n. The philosophy of Plato,
Prior. Woodward. the impression is made. consisting of three branches, theology,
PLASTICITY, n. The quality of giving PLA’TEY, a. Like a plate; flat. Gregory. physics and mathematics. Under theology
form or shape to matter. Encye. |PLAT’FORM, n. [plat, flat, and form.] The is included moral philosophy. The foun-
PLAS'TRON, n. [See Plaster.] A piece of sketch of any thing horizontally delineat- dation of Plato’s theology is the opinion
lether stuffed; used by fencers to defend ed; the ichnography. Sandys. that there are two eternal, primary, inde-
the body against pushes. Dryden. 2. A place laid out after any model. Pope. pendent and incorruptible principles or
PLAT, v. t. [from plait, or plat, flat.) To 3. In the military art, an elevation of earth causes of all things, which are God, the
weave; to form by texture. Matt. xxvii. or a floor of wood or stone, on which can- maker of all things, and matter, from
Ray. Spectator. nons are mounted to fire on an enemy. which all things are made. It wasa fun-
PLAT’, Work done by platting or Encye. damental maxim with him that from noth-
PLAT’TING, as interweaving. 4. In architecture, a row of beams or a piece ing, nothing can proceed. While there-
PLAT, n. (Dan. D. plat, flat; Fr. id.; G. of timber which supports the timber-work fore he held God to be the maker of the
platt; W. plad, plas; Gr. xrarvs, broad, of a roof, and lying on the top of the wall. universe, he held matter, the substance of
L. latus; or from the root of place, G. Encye. which the universe was made, to be eter-
platz. See Plot, the same word different- This in New England is called the nal. Enjield.
ly written. But probably these are all of plate. PLA’TONIST, One that adheres to
one family. The sense is laid, spread.] 5. A kind of terrace or broad smooth open PLA’TONIZER, § the philosophy of Pla-
A small piece of ground, usually a portion of| walk onthe top ofa building, as in the ori- to; a follower of Plato. flammond.
flat even ground ; as a flowery plat; a plat ental houses. Encye. PLA'TONIZE, v.i. To adopt the opinions
of willows. Milton. Spectator. \6. In ships, the orlop. [See Orlop.} or philosophy of Plato. Milner.
PLAT, a. Plain; flat. [.Vot used.) ‘7. Any number of planks or other materials PLA’TONITZE, v. t. To explain on the prin-
Chaucer. forming a floor for any purpose. ciples of the Platonic school, or to accom-
Mar. Dict. modate to those principles. Enfield.
PLAT, adv. Plainly; flatly; downright. [.Vot 8. A plan; a scheme ; ground-work. PLA'TONIZED, pp. Accommodated to the
used. | Chaucer. Bacon. philosophy of Plato. Enjield.
2. Smoothly; evenly. [.Votused.] Drant. 9. In some of the New England states, an ec- PLA’TONIZING, ppr. Adopting the princi-
PLA’/TANE, n. [L. platanus.] The plane- clesiastical constitution, or a plan for the ples of Plato ; accommodating to the prin-
tree, which see. Milton. government of churches; as the Cam- ciples of the Platonic school. Enfield.
PLAT’BAND, n. A border of flowers in a bridge or Saybrook platform. PLATOON, n. (Fr. peloton, a ball of thread,
garden, along a wall or the side of a par- Platic aspect, in astrology, a ray cast from a knot of men, from pelote, a ball ; Sp. pelo-
terre. one planet to another, not exactly, but ton. See Ball.|
2. In architecture, a flat square molding within the orbit of its own light. Batley. A small square body of soldiers or musket-
whose highth much exceeds its project- PLATINA, n, Sp: platina, from plata, eers, drawn out of a battalion of foot when
ure, such as the faces of an architrave. |PLATI’'NUM, § ™ silver.] they form a hollow square, to strengthen
3. The lintel of a door or window. ‘A metal discovered in the mines of Choco the angles; or a small body acting togeth-
4. A list or fillet between the flutings of a in Peru, nearly of the color of silver, but er, but separate from the main body ; as,
eclumn. Cyc. less bright, and the heaviest of the metals. to fire by platoons.
PLATE, xn. (D. plaat, G. platte, plate; Sw. Its specific gravity is to that of water as PLAT’TER, n. [from plate.] A large shal-
platt; Dan. D. plat, G. platt, tlat; It. pi- 23to 1. It is harder than iron, undergoes low dish for holding the provisions of a
atto, flat, aud piastra; Sp. plata; Iv. id.; no alteration in air, resists the action of) table. Dryden.
W. plad, a piate ; probably allied to Gr. acids and alkalies, is very ductile and eapa- 2. One that plats or formsby weaving. [See
maates, L. latus, with the radical sense of; ble of being rolled into thin plates. Plat.)
laid, spread. | Encye. PLAT’TER-FACED, a. Having a broad
. A piece of metal, flat or extended in PLA’TING, ppr. Overlaying with plate or face.
breadth. Bacon. South. with a metal; beating inte thin lamens. PLAT’TING, ppr. Weaving; forming by
Armor of plate, composed of broad pieces, PLA/TING, n. The art or operation of cov- texture.
and thus distinguished from mail. ering any thing with plate or with a met- PLAT’YPUS, zn. A quadruped of New Hol-
Spenser. al, particularly of overlaying a baser met- land, whose jaws are clongated into the
. A piece of wrought silver, as a dish or al with a thin plate of silver. The coating shape of a duck’s bill. The body is cov-
other shallow vessel; hence, vessels of sil- of silver is soddered to the metal with tin ered with thick hair and the feet are web-
ver ; wrought silver in general. Plate, or a mixture of three parts of silver with bed.
by the laws of some states, is subject to a one of brass. This animal has been arranged with the
tax by the ounce. PLATINIEF’EROUS, a. [platina and fero, Mammalia, but it is now presumed to be
. A small shallow vessel, made of silver or to produce. | oviparous; at least its breasts have not
other metal,or of earth glazed and baked, Producing platina ; as platiniferous sand. hitherto been observed.
from which provisions are eaten at table. Dict. Nat. Hist. Ed. Encyc. Cuvier.
A wooden plate is called a trencher. PLATON ‘TE, a. Pertaining to Plato the phi- PLAUD'IT, n. [L. plaudo, to praise, said to
wn The prize given for the best horse in a | losopher, or to his philosophy, his school be taken from plaudite, a demand of ap-
race. | or his opinions. plause by players when they left the
In architecture, the piece of timber which} ‘Platonic love, is a pure spiritual affection stage. |
supports the ends of the rafters. [See! subsisting between the sexes, unmixed Applause: praise bestowed. Denham.
Platform. | with carnal desires, and regarding the PLAUSIBILITY, n. sasz. [See Plausi-
PLATE, v. t. To cover or overlay with! | mind only and its excellencies; a species ble.|
plate or with metal; used particularly of, | of love for which Plato was a warm ad- Speciousness ; superficial appearance of
silver ; as plated vessels. | | vocate. right. Suit.
2. To arm with plate or metal for defense; |\Platonic year, the great year, or a period of; PLAUSIBLE. a. s as z. (L. plausibilis, from
as, to plate sin with gold. Shak.! time determined by the revolution of the plaudo, to clap hands in token of approba-
Why plated in habiliments of war? — Shak. equinoxes, or the space of time in which tion; W. bloez, an outcry; bloeziaw. to
3. To adorn with plate ; as a plated harness. the stars and constellatious return to their shout; blozest, applause, acclamation ; Ir.
4. 'To beat into thin flat pieces or lamens. former places in respect to the equinoxes. bladh, blaodh ; from the root of Gr. xc,
Dryden. Newton.| This revolution, which is calculated by the L. laus, laudo, Eng. loud.]
 PLA PLA PLE
The setting sun 12. Room for motion.
1. That may be applauded; that may gain Plays on their shining arms and burnish’d The joints are let exactly into one another,
favor or approbation ; hence, superficially helmets. Addison. that they have no play between them.
pleasing ; apparently right ; specious 3] All fame is foreign, but of true desert, Moxon.
popular ; as a plausible argument; a plaus- Plays round the head, but comes not to the 13. Liberty of acting ;room for enlargement
able pretext ; a plausible doctrine. H heart. Pope. or display ; scope ; as, to give full play to
2, Using specious arguments or discourse 114, To act a part on the stage; to personate mirth. Let the genius have free play.
as a plausible man. a character. PLA/YBILL, zn. A printed advertisement of
PLAUS/IBLENESS, n. Speciousness ;show A lord will hear you play to-night. Shak. a play, with the parts assigned to the act-
s
of right or propriety ; as the plausiblenes 115. To represent a standing character. ors.
of Arminianism. Sanderson. Courts are theaters where some men play. PLA/YBOOK, x. A book of dramatic com-
PLAUS/IBLY, adv. With fair show ; spe- Donne. positions.
ciously ; in a manner adapted to gain fa- 16. To act in any particular character ; as, PLA‘/Y-DAY, A day given to play
yor or approbation. | to play the fool; to play the woman; to PLA‘YING-DAY, t% or diversion; a day
They could talk plausibly about what they play the man. Shak. exempt from work. Swift.
did not understand. Collier. (17. To move in any manner; to move one
PLA’/YDEBT, n. A debt contracted by gam-
PLAUS/IVE, a. Applauding ; manifesting way and another; as any part of a ma- ing. Arbuthnot.
praise. chine. PLA/YED, pp. Acted; performed ; put in
2. Plausible. Shak.|| PLAY, v. tf. To put in action or motion ; as, motion.
PLAY, v. i. [Sax. plegan, plegian, to play, to play cannon or a fire-engine. PLA’/YER, n. One who plays in any game
to joke, to perform on an instrument of| 9. To use an instrument of music; as, to or sport.
music, to move or vibrate, to clap or ap- play the flute or the organ. { Elliptical. } 2. An idler. Shak.
plaud, to deride or make sport of; pleg- Gay. 3. An actor of dramatic scenes ; one whose
gan, to ply or bend to, or to Jean or lie on ||3. To act a sportive part or character. occupation is to imitate characters on the
ge-plegan, to play, and to dance or leap. Nature here stage. Bacon.
The Sw. leka, Dan. leger, to play, are the Wanton’d as in her prime, and play’d at will 4. A mimic. Dryden.
Her virgin fancies. Milton. 5. One who performs on an instrument of
same word without a prefix, and in the
northern counties of England, leka is used 4. To act or perform by representing a char- music.
as it is in Sweden. This word seems to acter; as, to playa comedy ; to play the 6. A gamester.
be formed ov the same root as lay.] part of king Lear. 7. One that acts a part in a certain manner.
1. To use any exercise for pleasure or re- 5. To act; to perform; as, to play our parts Carew.
creation ; to do something not as a task or well on the stage oflife. PLA/YFELLOW, n». A companion in
for profit, but for amusement; as, to play! for To perform in contest for amusement or amusements or sports. Sidney.
at cricket. a prize; as, to playa game at whist. PLA‘YFUL, a. Sportive ; given to levity ; as
The people sat down to eat and to drink, and \To play off, to display: to show; to put in a playful child. Spectator.
rose up to play. Ex. xxxil. | exercise ; as, to play offtricks. 2, Indulging a sportive fancy; as a playful
2. To sport; to frolick ;to frisk. 'To play on or upon, to deceive ; to mock or venus.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day, PLA/YFULLY, adv. In a sportive manner.
9|| to trifle with.
Had he thy reason, would he skip and play
Pope. 2. To give a fanciful turn to. PLA‘¥ FULNESS, n. Sportiveness.
3. To toy; to act with levity. Milton. PLAY, n. Any exercise or series of actions PLA/YGAMBE, n. Play of children. Locke.
intended for pleasure, amusement or di- PLA/YHOUSE, n. A bouse apprepriated to
4, To trifle; to act wantonly and thought- version, as at cricket or quoit, or at blind} the exhibition of dramatic compositions;
lessly. man’s buff. a theater. Pope. Dryden.
Men are apt to play with their healths and
their lives as they do with their clothes. 2, Amusement; sport; frolick ;gambols. PLA’ YMATE, n. A playfellow ; a compan-
Temple. Spenser. ion in diversions. More.
Two gentle fawns at play. Milton. PLA/Y-PLEASURE, x. Idle amusement.
5. To do something fanciful ;to give a fan-
ciful turn to; as, to play upon words. 3. Game; gaming; practice of contending Not used.} Bacon.
Shak. for victory, for amusement or for a prize, PLA/YSOME, a. Playful; wanton.
as at dice, cards or billiards. Shelton.
6. To make sport, or practice sarcastic mer-
riment.
4. Practice in any contest; as sword-play. PLA/YSOMENESS, n. Playfulness; wan-
I would make use of it rather to play upon He was resolved not to speak distinctly, tonness.
those I despise, than trifle with those 1 love. knowing his best play to be in the dark. PLA/YTHING, n. A toy; any thing that
Pope. Tillotson. serves to amuse.
John naturally loved rough play. A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the
7. To mock; to practice illusion. Arbuthnot. playthings ofa little more advanced age.
Art thou alive, \5. Action; use; employment; office. Locke.
Or is it fancy plays upon our eyesight ? hak.
Si —But justifies the next who comes in play. PLA/YWRIGHT, x. A maker of plays.
Dryden. Pope.
8, To contend in a game; as, to play at ‘6. Practice; action; manner of acting in
cards or dice; to play for diversion; to contest or negotiation; as fair play; foul PLEA, n. [Norm. plait, plet, plaid, ple ;plu.
pliz, pleytz; Fr. plaider, to plead ; plai-
play for money. play.
9. To practice a trick or deception. doyer, a plea; It. piato, a plea; piatire,
7. A’ dramatic composition; a comedy or to plead; Sp. pleyto, dispute ; pleytear, to
His mother played false with a smith. tragedy ;a composition in which charac-
Shak. plead ;pleyteador, a pleader; Port. pleito,
ters are represented by dialogue and ac-
10. To perform on an instrument of music ; pleitear ; D. pleit, pleiten. The Spanish
as, to play on a flute, a violin or a harpsi- tion. word pleyto signifies a dispute, contest,
A play ought to be a just image of human na-
chord. ture. Dryden. debate, lawsuit, and a covenant, contract
Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. or bargain, and pleyla is a plaited strand
Granville. 8. Representation or exhibition ofa comedy of brass. The Portuguese verb plettear
iJ. To move, or to move with alternate di- or tragedy; as, to be at the play. He at- signifies to plead, to go to law, to strive or
latation and contraction. tends every play. vie. The elements of this word are prob-
The heart beats, the blood circulates, the (9, Performance on an instrument of music.
ably Ld or Pld. In the sense of pleading,
lungs play. Cheyne.||10, Motion; movement, regular or irregu-
the word accords with the Gr. acrn, and
12. To operate; to act. The engines play|| lar; as the play of a wheel or piston. in that of striving, with the L. lis, litis.]
Dryden.||11, State of agitation or discussion.
againsta fire. = . Inlaw, that which is alledged by a party
13. To move irregularly ; to wanton. Many have been sav’d, and many may,
Who never heard this question brought in in support of his demand; but in a more
Ey’n as the waving sedges play with wind. Dryden.| limited and technical sense, the answer of
Shak. play.
 PLE PLE PLE
the defendant to the plaintif’s declaration cate them against enemies, or to redress PLEASE, v.t. s as ~ z. [Fr. plaire, plaisant,
and demand. That which the plaintif al- their grievances. Is. li. from L. placere, placeo ;Arm. pligea, plige-
ledges in his declaration is answered and PLE’/ADABLE, a. That may be pleaded ; out ; It. piacere ;Sp. placer ; Corn, plezia ;
repelled or justified by the defendant’s that may be alledged in proof, defense or ined perhaps on the root of like. Class
plea. Pleas are dilatory, or pleas to the ac- vindication ; as a right or privilege pleada- g-]
tion. Dilatory pleas, are to the jurisdic- ble at law. Dryden. - To excite agreeable sensations or emo-
tion of the court, to the disability of the PLE/ADED, pp. Offered or urged in de- tions in; to gratify ; as, to please the taste;
plaintif, or in abatement. Pleas to the ac- | fense; alledged in proof or support. to please the mind.
lion are an answer to the merits of the |PLE/ADER, n. [Fr. plaideur.] One who Their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem,
complaint, which confesses or denies it. argues in a court ofjustice. Swift. Hamor’s son. Gen. xxxiv.
Pleas that deny the plaintif’s complaint 2. One that forms pleas or pleadings; as a Leave such to trifle with more grace than
or demand, are the general issue, which special pleader. ease,
Whom folly pleases, and whose follies please.
denies the whole declaration ; or special \3. One that offers reasons for or against;
one that attempts to maintain by argu- Pope.
pleas in bar, which state something which 2. To satisfy ; to content.
precludes the plaintif’s right of recovery. ments. What next I bring shall please
2. A cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal So fair a pleader any cause may gain. Thy wish exactly to thy heart’s desire.
process; as the pleas of the crown; the Dryden.
court of common pleas. PLE’ADING, ppr. Offering in defense ; 3. To prefer; to have satisfaction Milton. in; to
The supreme judicial court shall have cog- supporting by arguments or reasons ; sup- like ; to choose.
nizance of pleas real, personal and mixed. plicating. Many of our most skilful painters were pleas-
Laws of Mass. [PLE’ADING, x. The art of supporting by ed to recommend this author tome. Dryden.
3. That which is alledged in defense or jus-|| arguments, or of reasoning to persuade. To be pleased in or with, to approve ; to have
tification ; an excuse ; an apology; as the PLE’ADINGS, n. In law, the mutual alter- complacency in. Matt. iit.
tyrant’s plea. | cations between the plaintif and defend- |To please God, is to love his character and
When such occasions are, ant, or written statements of the parties in law and perform his will, so as to become
No plea must serve ; *tis cruelty to spare. support of their claims, comprehending
Denham.
the object of his approbation.
the declaration, count or narration of the They that are in the flesh cannot please God.
4, Urgent prayer or entreaty. plaintif; the plea of the defendant in re- Rom. viii.
PLEACH, v. t. [Fr. plisser, or from the root ply, the replication of the plaintif to the \PLEASE, v. i. sasz. To like; to choose;
of L. plico, Gr. 2rexw.] To bend; to in- defendant’s plea, the defendant’s rejoin- to prefer.
terweave. [.Vot in use.] Shak. der, the plaintif’s sur-rejoinder, the de- Spirits, freed from mortal laws, with ease
PLEAD, v. t. [See Plea.] In a general sense, fendant’s rebutter, the plaintif’s sur-rebut- Assume what sexes and what shapes they
to argue in support of a claim, or in de- ter, &c. till the question is brought to is- please. Pope.
fense against the claim of another. sue, that is, torest on a single point. 2. To condescend ; to comply; to be pleas-
2.. In law, to present an answer to the decla- PLEASANCE, n. plez/ance. [Fr. plaisance. ed; a word of ceremony.
ration of a plaintif; to deny the plaintif’s See Please.| Gayety; pleasantry; mer- Please you, lords,
declaration and demand, or to alledge riment. Obs. Spenser. Shak. In sight of both our battles we may meet.
facts which show that he ought not to re- Shak.
cover in the suit. The plaintif declares PLEASANT, a. plez/ant. [Fr. plaisant. See The first words that I learnt were, to express
or alledges; the defendant pleads to his Please.| my desire that he would please to give me my
declaration. The king or the state prose- il. Pleasing ;agreeable; grateful to the mind liberty. Swift.
cutes an offender, and the offender pleads | or to the senses; as a pleasant ride; a Please expresses less gratification than
| pleasant voyage; a pleasant view. Light delight.
not guilty, or confesses the charge.
3. To urge reasons for or against; to at- is pleasant to the eye; an orange is pleas- PLE/ASED, pp. Gratified; affected with
tempt to persuade one by argument or ant to the taste; harmony is pleasant to agreeable sensations or emotions.
supplication ; as, to plead for the life of a the ear; a rose is pleasant to the smell. PLE’/ASEMAN, n. An officious person who
criminal; to plead in his favor; to plead
| How good and how pleasant it is for breth- courts favor servilely ;a pickthank. Shak.
with a judge or with a father.
ren to dwell together in unity! Ps. exxxiii. PLE’ASER, n. One that pleases or grati-
O that one might plead for a man with God,
2. Cheerful; enlivening ; as pleasant society fies; one that courts favor by humoring or
as a man pleadeth for his neighbor! Job xvi. or company. flattering compliances or a show of obedi-
4. To supplicate with earnestness. \3. Gay; lively; humorous; sportive; as a ence ; as men-pleasers. Eph. vi. Col. iii.
«5. To urge; to press by operating on the | pleasant companion. PLEASING, ppr. Gratifying; exciting
passions. 4. Trifling; adapted rather to mirth than agreeable sensations or emotions in.
use. Locke. PLE’ASING, a. Giving pleasure or satis-
Since you can love, and yet your error see,
The same resistless power may plead for me. \0. Giving pleasure ; gratifying. faction ; agreeable to the senses or to the
Dryden. | This word expresses less than delight- mind ; as a pleasing prospect; a pleasing
| ful, to the mind, and delicious,to the taste. reflection ; pleasing manners.
PLEAD, v. t. To discuss, defend and at-
2. Gaining approbation. 1 John iii.
tempt to maintain by arguments or reasons |PLEASANTLY, adv. plez’antly. In such a
offered to the tribunal or person who has | manner as to please or gratify.
PLE‘ASING, n. The act ofgratifying.
PLE’/ASINGLY, adv. In such a manner as
the power of determining; as, to plead 2. Gayly; merrily; in good humor.
a cause before a court or jury. In this Clarendon. to give pleasure. Dryden.
sense, argue is more generally used by |'3. Lightly ; ludicrously. Broome. PLE/ASINGNESS. x. The quality of giy-
lawyers. ing pleasure.
PLEASANTNESS, 2a. plez/antness. State
2. To alledge or adduce in proof, support or | of being pleasant or agreeable; as the PLEASURABLE, a. plezh’urable. [from
vindication. The law of nations may be pleasantness ofa situation. Sidney.
pleasure.]
pleaded in favor of the rights of embassa- 2. Cheerfulness; gayety ; merriment; asthe Pleasing ; giving pleasure ; affording gratifi-
dors. pleasantness of youth. cation.
3. To offer in excuse. Planting of orchards is very profitable as well
PLEASANTRY, 2. plez’antry. [Fr. plaisan- as pleasurable. Bacon.
I will neither plead my age nor sickness in terie.| Gayety ; merriment. PLEAS’URABLY, adv. With pleasure;
excuse of faults. Dryden. The harshness of reasoning is not a little soft-
4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or de- with gratification of the senses or the
ened and smoothed by the infusions of mirth mind. Harris.
fense, or for repelling a demand in law; and pleasantry. Addison.
as, to plead usury; to plead a statute o (2. Sprightly saying ; lively talk; effusion of} PLEAS/URABLENESS, n. The quality of
limitations. Ch. Kent. giving pleasure. Feltham.
humor. PLEASURE, n. plezh/ur. [Fr. plaisir ;Arm.
5. In Scripture, to plead the cause of the The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in
righteous, as God, is to avenge or vindi- pligeadur ; It. piacere; Sp. placer; Port.
repartees and points of wit. Addison. prazer. See Please.)
Vol. IL. 37
 PLE PLE PLE
1. The gratification of the senses or of theljl. Something put in pawn; that which is guest ;aremarkable instance of the pow-
mind; agreeable sensations or emotions ; deposited with another as security for the er of habit, as the reason of the custom has
the excitement, relish or happiness pro- repayment of money borrowed, or for the}, long since ceased.
duced by enjoyment or the expectation o performance of some agreement or obli- PLEDG’/ED, pp. Deposited as security ;
of good; opposed to pain. We receive gation; a pawn. A borrows ten pounds) given 1p Warrant.
pleasure from the indulgence of appetite; of B, and deposits his watch as a pledge |PLEDGEB,, x. The person to whom any
from the view ofa beautiful landscape; from: that the money shall be repaid; and by thing is pledged.
the harmony of sounds; from agreeable repayment of the money, A redeems the PLEDG’ER, n. One that pledges or pawns
society; from the expectation of seeing an pledge. any thing ; one that warrants or secures.
absent friend; from the prospect of gain 2. Any thing given or considered as a secu- [Pledgor, in Blackstone, is not to be coun-
or success of any kind. Pleasure, bodily rity for the performance of an act. Thus tenanced. |
and mental, carnal and spiritual, consti- a man gives his word or makes a promise 2. One that accepts the invitation to drink
tutes the whole of positive happiness, as to another, which is received as a pledge after another, or that secures another by
pain constitutes the whole of misery. for fulfillment. The mutual affection of drinking.
Pleasure is properly positive excitement husband and wife is a pledge for the faith- PLEDGERY, n. A pledging; suretiship.
of the passions or the mind ; but we give ful performance of the marriage cove- [Not in use. Encyc.
the name also to the absence of excite- nant. Mutual interest is the best pledge PLEDG’‘ET, n. [from folding or laying.}
ment, when that excitement is painful; for the performance oftreaties. In surgery, a compress or small flat tent of.
as when we cease to
labor, or repose after 3. A surety; a hostage. Raleigh. Dryden. lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the mat-
fatigue, or when the mind is tranquilized 4. Inlaw, a gage or security real or person- ter discharged and keep it clean. Encyc.
after anxiety or agitation. al, given for the repayment of money. It |PLEDG/‘ING, ppr. Depositing in pawn or as
Pleasure is susceptible of increase to is of two kinds; vadium vivum, a living security; giving warrant for security or
any degree ; but the word when unquali- pledge, as when a man borrows money safety.
fied, expresses less excitement or happi- and grants an estate to be held by the PLEIADS, n. ple‘yads. [L. Pleiades; Gr.
ness than delight or joy. pledgee, till the rents and profits shall re- marecades, Supposed to be formed from zacw,
2. Sensual or sexual gratification. fund the money, in which case the land or to sail, as the rising of the seven stars in-
3. Approbation. pledge is said to be Living; or it is vadium dicated the time of safe navigation.]
The Lord taketh pleasure in his people. Ps. mortuum, a dead pledge, called a mortgage. In astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the
exlvii. and exlix. {See Mortgage. | Blackstone. neck of the constellation Taurus. The
4. What the will dictates or prefers; will; 5. In law, bail; surety given for the prosecu- Latins called them Vergilie, from ver,
choice; purpose; intention; command; tion of a suit, or for the appearance of a spring, because of their rising about the
as, use your pleasure. Shak. defendant, or for restoring goods taken vernal equinox. Encye. Ainsworth.
Cyrus, he is my shepherd and shall perform in distress and replevied. ‘The distress |PLE/NAL, a. [See Plenary.] Full. [Not
all my pleasure. Is. xliv. itselfisalso called a pledge, and the glove used. ] Beaumont.
My counsel shall stand and I will do all my formerly thrown down by a champion in PLE’NARILY, adv. [from plenary.] Fully;
pleasure. Is. xlvi.
trial by battel, was a pledge by which the completely. Ayliffe.
5. A favor ; that which pleases.
Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, an- champion stipulated to encounter his an- PLE’NARINESS, n. Fullness; complete-
swered Paul. Acts xxv. tagonist in that trial. Blackstone. ness.
6. Arbitrary will or choice. Tle can vary 6. A warrant to secure a person from injury IPLEN/ARTY, n. The state of a benefice
his scheme at pleasure. in drinking. when occupied. Blackstone.
PLEAS'URE, v. t. plezh/ur. To give or af- To put in pledge, to pawn. PLE/NARY, a. [L. plenus; Fr. plein; It.
ford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. To hold in pledge, to keep as security. plenario, pieno; Sp. pleno, Ueno; W.
{.4 word authorized by some good writers, PLEDGE, v. t. [Fr. pleiger. See Plight.] llawn; Ir. lain,lan; Arm. leun. The Russ.
but superfiuous and not much used.) . To deposit in pawn; to deposit or leave has polnet and polon, full, and with a pre-
Bacon. Shak. in possession of a person something which fix, napolniayu, to fill. Qu. the radical let-
PLEAS'URE-BOAT, n. A boat appropri- is to secure the repayment of money bor- ters, and the identity of the Russ. with the
ated to sailing for amusement. rowed, or the performance of some act. others.]
PLEAS’URE-€ARRIAGE, n. A carriage {This word is applied chiefly to the de- Full; entire ;complete ; as a plenary license;
for pleasure. positing of goods or personal property. plenary consent ; plenary indulgence. The
PLEAS/UREFUL, a. Pleasant; agreeable. When real estate is given as security we plenary indulgence of the pope is an en-
[Tittle used.] Abbot. usually apply the word mortgage.] tire remission of penalties due to all sins.
PLEAS’/URE-GROUND, xn. Ground laid 2. To give as a warrant or security ; as, to Encyc.
out in an ornamental manner and appro- pledge one’s word or honor; to pledge one’s iPLE/NARY, n. Decisive procedure. [JVot
priated to pleasure or amusement. Graves. veracity. used. Ayliffe.
PLEAS/URIST, n. A person devoted to 3. To secure by a pledge. |PLENILU/NARY, a. Relating to the full
worldly pleasure. [Little used.} Brown. I accept her, moon. Brown.
PLEBE'IAN, a. [It. plebeio; Sp. plebeyo; And here to pledge my vow I give my hand. PLEN/ILUNE, n. [L. plenilunium ; plenus,
L. plebeius, from plebs, the common peo- [Unusual.] Shak.|| full, and luna, moon.} The full moon.
le. 4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup|) [.Vot used.} B. Jonson.
eevainiee to the common people; vul- or health after another. Johnson. Or to \PLENIP/OTENCE, n. [L. plenus, full, and
gar; as plebeian minds; plebeian sports. warrant or be surety for a person that he potentia, power.] Fullness or complete-
9 Consisting of common people ; as a plebe- shall receive no harm while drinking, or ness of power. Milton.
ian throng. from the draught; a practice which orig- [IPLENIP/OTENT, a. [L. plenipotens, su-
PLEBE‘IAN, n. One of the common peo- inated among our ancestors in their rude} | pra.] Possessing full power. Milton.
ple or lower ranks of men. [Usually ap- state, and which was intended to secure
plied to the conimon people of ancient the person from being stabbed while drink-
PLENIPOTEN’TIARY, xn. [Fr. plenipo-
ing, or from being poisoned by the liquor.
tentiaire. See Plenipotence.]
Rome.] Swift.
PLEBE‘TANCE, n. The common people. In the first case, a by-stander pledges the A person invested with full power to trans-
[.Vot in use.] person drinking; in the latter, the person act any business; usually, an embassador
or envoy to a foreign court, furnished
PLEDGE, n. [Fr. pleige; It. pieggeria ; drinking pledges his guest by drinking},
with full power to negotiate a treaty or to
Norm. plegg. This is evidently the Celtic first, and then handing the cup to his
transact other business.
form of the Teutonic plight, Sax. pliht, guest. The latter practice is frequent
plihton. See Plight. It coincides with L. among the common people in America to |PLENIPOTEN’TIARY, a. Containing full
plico, Gr. maexo, W. plygu, to fold, proper- this day ; the owner of the liquor taking | power; as plenipotentiary license or au-
Jy to lay to, to put or throw to or on. A the cup says to his friend, J pledge you,|| thority.
pledge is that which is laid or deposited.} and drinks, then hands the cup to his 'PLENISH, for replenish, not used.
 PLE PLI PLI
PLE'NIST, n. [L. plenus.] One who main- PLE/NUM, n. [L.] Fullness of matter in PLIABLE, a. [Fr. from plier, to bend, to
tains that all space is full of matter. space. Descartes. fold; L. plico, Gr. wrexo, W. plygcu, It.
Boyle. PLE/ONASM, n. (L. pleonasmus; Gr. wac- piegare, to fold; pieghevole, pliable.]
PLEN/ITUDE, n. [L. plenitudo, from ple- ovacuos, from the root of wacos, full, wArecov,|| 1. Easy to be bent; that readily yields to
nus, full.] Fullness; as the plenitude of more, L. pleo, in impleo, to fill. pressure without rupture ; flexible; as,
space. Bentley. Redundancy of words in speaking or wri- willow is a pliable plant.
9ss Repletion; animal fullness; plethora; ting; the use of more words to express 2. Flexible in disposition ; readily yielding
redundancy of blood and humors in the ideas, than are necessary. This may be to moral influence, arguments, persuasion
animal body. Encye. justifiable when we intend to present or discipline ; as a pliable youth.
3. Fullness ;complete competence ; as the thoughts with particular perspicuity or PLUABLENESS, n. Flexibility ;the qual-
plenitude of the pope’s power. Bacon. force. ity of yielding to force or to moral influ-
4. Completeness ; as the plenitude of a man’s PLE/ONASTE, n. [Gr. xcovagos, abund- ence; pliability ; as the pliableness of a
fame. Prior. ant; from its four facets, sometimes plant or of the disposition. Hammond.
PLEN’TEOUS, a. [from plenty.| Abun- found on each solid angle of the octahe- PLU ANCY, n. (from pliant.] Easiness to be
dant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for dron. } bent; in a physical sense; as the pliancy
every purpose ;as a plenteous supply of A mineral, commonly considered as a varie- ofa rod, of cordage or of limbs. ;
provisions ; a plenteous crop. JMilton. ty of the spinelle ruby. [See Ceylonite. | Addison.
2. Yielding abundance ; as a plenteous foun- PLEONAS'TI¢, a. Pertaining to pleo- 2. Readiness to yield to moral influence ; as
tain. PLEONAS’TICAL, asm ; partaking of pliancy of temper.
The seven plenteous years. Gen. xli. jleonasim 3 redundant. Blackwall. PLUANT, a. [Fr.] That may be easily
3. Having an abundance. PLEONAS’TICALLY, adv. With redund- bent; readily yielding to force or pres-
The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. sure without breaking ; flexible; flexile;
Deut. xxviii.
ancy of words.
lithe ; limber; as a pliant thread.
4. Possessing in abundance and ready to be- PLEROPH ORY, n. [Gr. xanpopopia ;manpns, Spectator.
stow liberally. Ps. Ixxxvi. full, and pepw, to bear.|
|Full persuasion or confidence. [Little used.] 2. That may be easily formed or molded to
This word is less used than plentiful.]
Hall.
a different shape ; as pliant wax.
PLEN’TEOUSLY, adv. In abundance ; co- | 3. Easily yielding to moral influence ; easy
piously ; plentifully. Milton. PLESH, for plash, not used. Spenser. to be persuaded ; ductile.
PLEN’TEOUSNESS, ». Abundance; co- PLETH/ORA, n. (Gr. 22n6apa, from manos,
The will was then more ductile and pliant to
pious supply ; plenty; as the seven years, fullness.] Literally, fullness. right reason. South.
of plenteousness in Egypt. In medicine, fullness of blood; excess of}
PLEN’TIFUL, a. [from plenty.] Copious; blood ; repletion; the state of the vessels PLIVANTNESS, n. Flexibility. Bacon.
abundant ; adequate to every purpose ; as PLICA, n. [L. a fold.] The plica polonica
of the human body, when they are too full is a disease of the hair, peculiar to Poland
a plentiful crop of grain; a plentiful har- or overloaded with fluids.
vest ; a plentiful supply of water ; a plen- and the neighboring countries. In this
Core. Parr. Encye. disease, the hair of the head is matted or
tiful fortune. PLETWORIE, a. Having a full habit of
2. Yielding abundant crops ; affording am- clotted by means of an aerid viscid hu-
body, or the vessels overcharged with mor which exsudes from the hair. Core.
ple supply; fruitful; as a plentiful year. fluids. Arbuthnot.
Bacon. |PLETH/ORY. PLI'‘CATE, [L. plicatus, plico, to fold.]
[See Plethora.] PLI’CATED, ,* Plaited ; folded like a fan;
PLEN’TIFULLY, adv. Copiously; abun- [PLETH’RON, [Gr. waedpov.] A square
dantly ; with ample supply. Addison. \PLETIVRUM, ,™ measure used in Greece, as a plicate leaf. Lee. Martyn.
PLEN’TIFULNESS, n. The state of being PLICA’TION, n. [from L. plico.] A folding
but the coutents are not certainly known. or fold.
plentiful ; abundance. Some authors suppose it to correspond
2. The quality of affording full supply. with the Roman juger, or 240 feet ; others PLIC/ATURE, n. [L. plicatura; plico, to
PLEN’TY, n. [from L. plenus.] Abundance ; alledge it to be double the Egyptian arou- fold.] A fold; a doubling.
copiousness ; full or adequate supply ; as, ra, which was the square of a hundred PLIERS, n. plu. [Fr. plier, to fold. See
we have a plenty of corn for bread ; the cubits.
Ply.)
garrison has a plenty of provisions. Its PLEU’RA, n. [Gr. the side.] In anatomy, a An instrument by which any small thing is
application to persons, as a plenty of buy- thin membrane which covers the inside of| seized and bent. Moxon.
ers or sellers, is inelegant. the thorax. PLI'FORM, a. [Fr. pli, a fold, and form.}
2. Fruitfulness ; a poetic use. PLEU’RISY, n. [Gr. wacuperes, from waevpa, In the form ofa fold or doubling.
The teeming clouds the side; Fr. pleuresie ; It. plewrisia.] Pennant.
Descend in gladsome plenty o’er the world. An inflammation of the pleura or membrane PLIGHT, ». t. plite. (Sax. plihtan, to pledge,
Thomson. that covers the inside of the thorax. It and to expose to danger or rather per-
PLEN’TY, a. -Plentiful ; being in abund- is accompanied with fever, pain, difficult haps to perplexity ; Sw. beplichta, to bind ;
ance. respiration aud cough. The usual reme- D. pligt, duty, mortgage ; G. pflicht, duty,
Where water is plenty— Tusser. dies are venesection, other evacuations, pledge; Dan. pligt, duty, obligation ; plig-
If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. diluents, &c. Encye. tig, bound, obliged ; Sw. plicht. This
Shak. PLEURIT'Ié, ?. Pertaining to pleuri- seems to be the Teutonic form of the
In every country where liquors are plenty.
PLEURIT'I€AL, § “ sy; as pleuritic symp- Celtic pledge, Fr. pleige, pleiger, L. plico,
Hist. Collections.
toms or affections. Gr. mrexo, It. piegare, Sp. plegar, Fr.
The common sorts of fowls and the several! plier, Arm. plega, W. plygu, to fold; Sp.
gallinaceous species are plenty. 2. Diseased with pleurisy. Arbuthnot.
pleyto, a covenant or contract; and the G.
Tooke, Russ. Emp. PLEV‘IN, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assu- Jflechten, to braid, coinciding with the L.
A variety of other herbs and roots which are rance. Obs.
plenty. : Adair. Jlecto, to bend, appears to be of the same
They seem formed for those countries where
\PLEX/IFORM, a. [L. plerus, a fold, and fanily. If the elements are Lg, as I sus-
shrubs are plenty and water scarce. form.]| pect, pledge and plight are formed on the
Goldsmith. Inthe form of net-work ; complicated. root of lay, Arm. lacgaat. To pledge or
When laborers are plenty, their wages will be Quincy. plight is to lay down, throw down, set or
low. Franklin. PLEX’US, n. [L.] Any union of vessels, deposit. Plight may however be more
In the country, where wood is more plenty, nerves or fibers, in the form of net-work. directly from the root of L. igo, but this
they make their beams stronger. Encyc. Coxe. is of the same family. See Alloy and
[The use of this word as an adjective PLIABILITY, n. [from pliable.| The qual- Ply.|
seems too well authorized to be rejected. ity of bending or yielding to pressure or . To pledge; to give as security for the
Tt is universal in common parlance in the force without rupture; flexibility ; plia- performance of some act ; but never appli-
United States.] bleness. ed to property or goods. We say, he plight-
 PLO PLO PLO
ed bis hand, his faith, his vows, his honor, PLOT, n. [a different orthography of plat.] 1. In agriculture, an instrument for turning
his truth or troth. Pledge is applied to 1. A plat or small extent of ground; asa up, breaking and preparing the ground for
property as well as to word, faith, truth, garden plot. Locke. receiving the seed. Itis drawn by oxen
honor, &c. To plight faith is, as it ne It was a chosen plot of fertile land. Spenser. or horses and saves the labor of digging ;
to deposit it in pledge for the performance When we mean to build, it is therefore the most useful instrument
of an act, on the non-performance o We first survey the plot. Shak. in agriculture.
whick, the pledge is forfeited. 2. A plantation laid out. Sidney. The emperor lays hold of the plow and turns
2. To weave; to braid. Spenser. Milton. 3. A plan or scheme. [Qu. the next word.] up several furrows. Grosier, Trans.
[This is the primary sense of the word, Spenser. Where fern succeeds, ungrateful to the plow.
L. plico, but now obsolete.] 4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a field, Dryden.
PLIGHT, n. plite. Literally, a state of be- farm or manor surveyed and delineated 2. Figuratively, tillage ; culture of the earth ;
ing involved, [L. plicatus, implicatus, im- on paper. agriculture.
plicitus;| hence, perplexity, distress, or a PLOT, v.t. To make a plan of; to delineate. 3. A joiner’s instrument for grooving.
distressed state or condition ; as a misera- Carew. PLOW, v. t. To trench and turn up with a
ble plight. But the word by itself does PLOT, xn. [The French retain this word in plow ; as, to plow the ground for wheat ;
not ordinarily imply distress. Hence, the compounds complot, comploter; Arm. to plow it into ridges.
2. Condition ; state; and sometimes good complod, complodi. It may be from the 2. To furrow; to divide ; to run through in
case ; as, to keep cattle in plight. root of plait, to weave, Russ. pletu, whence sailing.
In most cases, this word is now accom- opletayu, to plait, to twist, to deceive ; oplot, With speed we plow the watery wave.
panied with an adjective which determines a hedge. See Plait.] Pope.
its signification ;as bad plight ; miserable 1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan of a com- 3. To tear; to furrow. Shak.
or wretched plight; good plight. plicated nature, or consisting of many 4. In Scripture, to labor in any calling.
3. Pledge; gage. parts, adapted to the accomplishment of]
_ He that ploweth should plow in hope. 1 Cor.
The Lord, whose hand must take my plight. some purpose, usually a mischievous one. 1X.
Shak. A plot may be formed by a single person
or by numbers. In the latter case, it is a To plow on the back, to scourge; to mangle,
4. A fold [L. plica ;] a double; a plait. or to persecute and torment. Ps. cxxix.
All ina silken Camus, lily white, conspiracy or an intrigue. The latter
word more generally denotes a scheme To plow with one’s heifer, to deal with the wife
Purfled upon with many a folded plight. Obs. to obtain something from the husband.
Spenser. directed against individuals; the former
against the government. But this dis- Judges xiv.
5. A garment. [Vol used.] Chapman. To plow iniquity or wickedness, and reap it, to
PLIGHTED, pp. pli‘ted. Pledged. tinction is not always observed.
devise and practice it, and at last suffer
PLIGHTER, n. pli/ter. One that pledges; O think what anxious moments pass between
the punishment of it. Jobxiv. Hos. x.
that which plights. The birth ofplots, and their last fatal periods !
PLIGHTING, ppr. pli’ting. Pledging. Addison. To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow
in wheat.
PLIM, v. 7. To swell. [Not in use.} In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue; To plow up or out, to turn out of the ground
Grose. the story of a play, comprising a compli- by plowing.
PLINTH, n. [Gr. 2260s, a brick or tile; L. cation of incidents which are at last un-
To put one’s hand to the plow and look back, is
plinthus.] folded by unexpected means. to enter on the service of Christ and af-
In architecture, a flat square member in form If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and terwards abandon it. Luke ix.
ofa brick, which serves as the foundation such as springs from the subject, the winding
up of the plot must be a probable consequence
[The difference of orthography often made
of a column; being the flat square table of all that went before. Pope. between the noun and verb is wholly
under the molding of the base and pedes- unwarrantable, and contrary to settled
tal, at the bottom of the order. Vitruvius . Contrivance ; deep reach of thought ; analogy in our language. Such a differ-
gives the name to the abacus or upper ability to plot. ence is never made in changing into verbs,
part of the Tuscan order, from its resem- A man of much plot. Denham. plot, harrow, notice, question, and most otli-
blance to the plinth. PLOT, v. i. To forma scheme of mischief er words. See Practice. ]
Plinth of a statue, is a base, flat, round or against another, or against a government PLOW’-ALMS, n. A penny formerly paid
square. Encyc. or those who administer it. <A traitor by every plow-land to the church. Cowel.
Plinth of a wall, two or three rows of bricks plots against his king. PLOW’-BOTE, n. In English law, wood or
advanced from the wall in form of a plat- The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps. timber allowed to a tenant for the repair
band; and in general, any flat high mold- XXXvii. of instruments of husbandry.
ing that serves ina front wall to mark the 2. To contrive a plan; to scheme. PLOW’BOY, n. A boy that drives or guides
floors, to sustain the eaves ofa wall or the The prince did plot to be secretly gone. ateam in plowing; a rustic boy. Watts.
larmier of a chimney. Encyce. Wotton. PLOW’ED, pp. Turned up with a plow;
PLOD, v. 7. {D. plots, dull, heavy. Qu.] To PLOT, v. t. To plan; to devise ; to contrive ; furrowed.
travel or work slowly or with steady la- as, to plot an unprofitable crime. Dryden. PLOW’ER, x. One that plows land ; a cul-
borious diligence. PLOT’TED, pp. Contrived ; planned. tivator. Spenser.
A plodding diligence brings us sooner to our PLOT’ TER, n. One that plots or contrives ; PLOW'ING, ppr. Turning up with a plow;
joumey’s end, thana fluttering way of advanc- a contriver. Shak. furrowing.
ing by starts. ’ L’ Estrange. 2. A conspirator. Dryden.
Some stupid, plodding, money-loving wight. \PLOT’TING, ppr. Contriying ; planning; |PLOW’ING, n. The operation of turning
Young. forming an evil design. up ground with a plow; as the first and
2. 'To study heavily with steady diligence. PLOUGH. [See Plow.] second plowing ; three plowings.
Shak. Swift. PLOV’ER, n. [Fr. pluvier, the water bird, PLOW’-LAND, n. Land that is plowed, or
3. To toil; to drudge. suitable for tillage.
from L. pluvialis, rainy ; pluo, to rain.)
PLOD/DER, x. A dull, heavy, laborious The common name of several species of PLOW’MAN, n. One that plows or holds
person. Shak. birds that frequent the banks of rivers and a plow.
PLOD'DING, ppr. Traveling or laboring!) the sea shore, belonging to the genus At last the robber binds the plowman and
with slow movement and steady diligence; Charadrius. Encye. carries him off with the oxen. Spelman.
studying closely but heavily. PLOW, n. [Norm. Sax. ploge; D. ploeg ;|2. A cultivator of grain; a husbandman.
2. a. Industrious; diligent, but slow in con- G. pflug ; Dan. ploug, plov ; Ice. plog ;Sw. Temple.
trivance or execution. id.; Russ. plug; Polish, plug ; Scot. 3. A rustic ; a countryman ; a hardy labor-
PLOD/DING, n. Slow movement or study pleuch, pleugh. It corresponds in elements er. Shak. Arbuthnot.
with steadiness or persevering industry. with plug, and both perhaps from thrust- PLOW’-MONDAY, n. The Monday after
Prideaux. ing.] twelfth-day. Tusser.
 PLU PLU PLU
PLOW’SHARE, n. [See Shear.] The part true, not only of this word, but of all) extends itself into the cavity of the lobes,
of a plow which cuts the ground at the words in which 6 follows m, as in thumb, and is terminated by a small branch re-
bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice dumb, &c.] sembling a fether, from which it derives
to the mold-board, which turns it over. PLU’MAGE, n. [Fr. from plume.] The its name. Martyn. Milne.
PLUCK, v. t. [Sax. pluccian, which seems fethers that cover a fowl. PLUME, v. t. To pick and adjust plumes or
to be the same word, with a prefix, as Lyc- Smit with her varying plumage, spare the fethers.
can or alucan, alucean, to pull off or out ; dove. Pope. Swans must be kept in some inclosed pond,
G. pfliicken ; D. plukken ; Dan. plukker ; PLUMB. n. plum. [Fr. plomb; Sp. plomo; where they may have room to come on shore
Sw. plocka; Fr. eplucher ;W. pliciaw, to It. piombo ;W. plum; L. plumbum, lead ; and plume themselves. Mortimer.
pluck, to peel; plig, a peel.] probably a clump or lump.] 2. To strip of fethers. Carnivorous animals
. To pull with sudden force or effort, or to A mass of lead attached to a line, and used
—l will not take pains to plume the birds they
pull off, out or from, with a twitch. Thus to ascertain a perpendicular position of devour.
we say, to pluck fethers from a fowl; to buildings and the like. But the word as 3. To strip; to peel. Bacon.
pluck hair or wool from a skin; to pluck a noun is seldom used, except in composi- 4. To set as a plume; to set erect.
grapes or other fruit. tion. [See Plumb-line.] His stature reach’d the sky, and on his crest
They pluck the fatherless from the breast. PLUMB, a. Perpendicular, that is, stand- Sat honor plum’d. Milton.
Job xxiv. ing according to a plumb-line. The post 5. To adorn with fethers or plumes. Shak.
2. To strip by plucking; as, to pluck a fowl. of the house or the wall is plumb. [T'his is 6. To pride ; to value; to boast. He plumes
They that pass by do pluck her. Ps. Ixxx. the common language of our mechanics. | himself on his skill or his prowess.
The sense of this verb is modified by PLUMB, adv. In a perpendicular direction; PLUME-AL/UM, x. A kind of asbestus.
particles. in a line perpendicular to the plane of the Wilkins.
horizon. The wall stands plumb. PLU’MELESS, a. Without fethers - or
To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate
by pulling ; to tear away. Plumb down he falls. Milton. plumes. EBusden.
He shall pluck away his crop with his feth- 2. Directly ;suddenly; at once; as a fall- PLUMIG/EROUS, a. [L. pluwma, a fether,
ers. Lev. i. ing mass; usually pronounced plump. He and gero, to wear.]
To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish ; fell plumb into the water. Fethered ; having fethers. Dict.
or to reduce to a lower state. Shak. PLUMB, v. t. To adjust by a plumb-line ; PLU’MIPED, a. [infra.] Having feet cover-
to set in a perpendicular direction ; as, to ed with fethers.
To pluck off, is to pull or tear off; as, to
pluck off the skin. Mic. iii. plumb a building or a wall. PLU/MIPED, n. [L. pluma, fether, and pes,
2. [W. plymiaw.| To sound with a plum- foot.|
To pluck on, to pull or draw on. Obs.
Shak. met, as the depth of water. [Little used.] A fowl that has fethers on its feet. Dict.
To pluck wp, to tear up by the roots or from Swift. PLUM’MET, n. [Sp. plomada. See Plumb.}
the foundation ; to eradicate ; to extermin- \PLUMBAG'INOUS, a. Resembling plum- 1. A long piece of lead attached to a line,
ate; to destroy ; as, to pluck upa plant; bago ; consisting of plumbago, or partak- used in sounding the depth of water.
to pluck up a nation. Jer. xii. ing of its properties. 2. An instrument used by carpenters, ma-
To pluck out, to draw out suddenly or to tear! |PLUMBA/GO, n. [L.] A mineral consist- sons, &c. in adjusting erections to a per-
out; as, to pluck out the eyes; to pluck out} ing of carbon and iron; used for pencils, pendicular line, and with a square, to de-
the hand from the bosom. Ps. Ixxiv. Xe. termine a horizontal line. It consists ofa
To pluck up, to resume courage ; properly, |PLUM’BEAN, Consisting of lead ;_ re- piece oflead fastened to a line.
to pluck up the heart. [Not elegant.] | PLUM’BEOUS, ,* sembling lead. Ellis. 3. Any weight. Wilkins.
Knolles.| 2. Dull; heavy ; stupid. J. P. Smith. 4. A piece of lead used by school boys to
PLUCK, n. The heart, liver and lights of |LUMBED, pp. plum'med. “Adjusted 'by al rule their paper for writing.
| iF ius

an animal, plumb-line. | PLUM MING, n. Among miners, the opera-

PLUCK’ED, pp. Pulled off; stri pped of |PLUMBER, n. plum’mer. One who works tion of finding by means of a mine dial
fethers or hair. in lead. the place where to sink an air shaft, or to
PLUCK’‘ER, n. One that plucks. |PLUMBERY, n. plum/mery. Works in lead; bring an adit to the work, or to find which
Mortimer. manufactures of lead; the place where way the lode inclines. Encyc.
PLUCK'ING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping. lead is wrought. PLU’MOSE, 2 [L. plumosus.] Fethery;
PLUG, n. [D. plug; Dan. plyg; Sw. pligg; 2. The art of casting and working lead, or) PLU’MOUS, 5“ resembling fethers.
G. pflock; W. ploc, a block; plociaw, to of making sheets and pipes of lead. 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one that has
block, to plug. It seems to be the same) | PLUMBIF’EROUS, a. (L. plumbum, lead, hairs growing on the sides of the main
word radically as block, W. lloc.] and fero, to produce. ] Producing lead. bristle. Plumose pappus or down is a fly-
A stopple ;any piece of pointed wood or oth-| Kirwan. ing crown to some seeds, composed of
er substance used to stop a hole, but larg- /PLUMB-LINE, n. plum/-line. A line per-| fethery hairs. Martyn.
er than a peg or spile. Boyle. Swift.) pendicular to the plane of the horizon; or PLUMOS'ITY, n. The state of having feth-
Hawse-plug, in marine affairs, a plug to stop, a line directed to the center of gravity in ers.
a hawse-hole. the earth. PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp, plump, blunt, un-
Shot-plug, a plug to stop a breach made by a) \PLUM-CAKE, n. Cake containing raisins| handy, clownish, rude; Sw. plump; D.
cannon ball in the side of a ship. or currants. plonp; G. plump. The primary sense
Mar. Dict. PLUME, n. (Fr. plume ; L. Sp. pluma ; It. seems to be thick, as if allied to lump and
PLUG, v. t. To stop with a plug; to make. piuma; W. plu, pluv.] clump. See the Noun.]
tight by stopping a hole. 1. The fether of a fowl, particularly a large 1. Full; swelled with fat or flesh to the full
PLUM, n. (Sex, plume ; G. pflaume; Dan.| fether. Shak. | size; fat; having a full skin; round; asa
blomme ; Sw. plommon : Corn. pluman ; Ir. } 2. A fether worn as an ornament, particu- plump boy ; a plump habit of body.
pluma.]} | larly an ostrich’s fether. The famish’d crow grows plump and round.
1. The fruit ofatree belonging to the genus And his high plume that nodded o’er his) Swift.
head. Dryden. 2. Full; blunt; unreserved ; unqualified ; as
Prunus. The fruit is‘a drupe, containing 3. Pride ; towering mien. hak. a plump lie.
a nut or stone with prominent sutures and 4, Token of honor; prize of contest.
inclosing a kernel. The varieties of the PLUMP, n. A knot; a cluster; a clump; a
Ambitious to win from me some plume. number of things closely united or stand-
plum are numerous and well known. Milton.
2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin. ing together; as a plump of trees ; a plump
PLUME, In botany, the ascending of fowls; a plump of horsemen.
3. The sum of £100,000 sterling. —London.| PLU’ MULE, ,™ scaly part of the corcu-
4. Akind of play. Ainsworth. Bacon. Hayward. Dryden.
lum or heart of a seed; the scaly part of|
{Dr. Johnson remarks that this word is! the embryo plant within the seed, which [This word is not now used in this sense,
often written. improperly plumb. This is| rises and becomes the stem or body. It] but the use ofit formerly, is good evidence
that plump is clump, with a different pre-
 Bh U PPL PL? Y
gulp or sifiaoa ; probably connected with other, but less than half of the whole nuna-
fix, and both are radically one word with luncheon. ber of votes given. It is thus distinguish-
lump. Plumb, L. plumbum, is the same 1. To thrust into water or other fluid sub- ed from a majority, which is more than half’
word, a lump or mass.| of the whole number.
stance, or into any substance that is pen-
PLUMP, v. t. [from the adjective.] To etrable; to immerse in a fluid; to drive 4. Plurality of benefices, is where the same
swell; to extend to fullness ; to dilate; to
into flesh, mire or earth, &c.; as, to clerk is possessed of more benefices than
fatten. one, withcure of souls. In this case, each
The particles of air expanding themselves, plunge the body in water; to plunge the
plump out the sides of the bladder. Boyle. arm into fire or flame; to plunge a dagger benefice thus held is called a plurality.
A wedding at our house will plump me up into the breast. Milton. Dryden. PLU’/RALLY, adv. In a sense implying
with good cheer. [ Colloquial.] LDEstrange.|'2, To thrust or drive into any state in which more than one.
PLUMB, »v. i. [from the noun; G. plumpen, the thing is considered as enveloped or PLURILIT’ERAL, a. [L. plus and litera,
D. plompen, Dan. plomper, to plunge. | surrounded ; as, to plunge one’s self into} letter.]| Containing more letters than
1. To plunge or fall like a heavy mass or difficulties or distress ;to plunge a nation three.
lump of dead matter; to fall suddenly or into war. PLURILIT’ERAL, n. A word consisting of
3. 'To baptize by immersion. more letters than three.
at once.
2. To enlarge to fullness; to be swelled. PLUNGE, v. i. To pitch; to thrust or drive PLU‘RISY, n., [L. plus, pluris.] Supera-
Ainsworth, one’s self into water or a fluid; to dive bundance. [Vol used.] Shak.
PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily; at once, or torush in. He plunged into the river. PLUS, [L. more,} in algebra, a character
or with a sudden heavy fall. B. Jonson. The troops plunged into the stream. marked thus, +, used as the sign of addi-
PLUMP’ER, n. Something carried in the His courser plung’d, tion.
And threw him off; the waves whelm’d over PLUSH, n. [G. pliisch, shag ; D. pluis, flock,
mouth to dilate the cheeks ; any thing in- him. Dryden.
tended to swell out something clse. nap, plush; pluizen, to fray, pick, carp,
To fall or rush into distress or any state fleece. Qu. Fr. peluche. The Italian pe-
Swift. 2.
or circumstances in which the person or luzzo signifies a little hair or down, from
2. A full unqualified lie. [Jn vulgar use.| thing is enveloped, inclosed or over- pelo, hair, L. pilus.|
PLUMP'LY, adv. Fully ; roundly ;without whelmed ; as, to plunge into a gulf; to Shag; a species of shaggy cloth or stuff
reserve ; as, to assert a thing plumply; a plunge into debt or embarrassments ; to with a velvet nap on one side, composed
word in common popular use. plunge into war; a body of cavalry regularly of a woof ofa single thread and
PLUMP’NESS, n. Fullness of skin ; disten- plunged into the midst of the enemy. a double warp; the one, wool of two
tion to roundness ; as the plumpness of al'3. "To pitch or throw one’s self headlong. threads twisted, the other of goat’s or
‘boy ;plumpness of the eye or cheek. PLUNGE, n. The act of thrusting into wa- camel’s hair. But some plushes are made
Newton. ter or any penetrable substance. wholly of worsted; others wholly of hair.
PLUM-POR’RIDGE, 2. Porridge with||9, Difficulty ; strait; distress ; a state of be- Encyc.
plums. Addison. ing surrounded or overwhelmed with dif- PLUSH’ER, x. A marine fish. Carew.
-PLUM-PUD’DING, w. Pudding containing ficulties.
raisins or currants. People when put to a plunge, cry out to PLUTO/NIAN, a. Plutonic, which see.
PLUMP’Y, a. Plump; fat; jolly. [/Vot ele- heaven for help. L’ Estrange. PLUTO'NIAN, n. One who maintains the
gant.| Shak. And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm, origin of mountains, &c. to be from fire.
PLUM-TREE, n. [Sax. plum-treow.] A treel| To raise me from amidst this plunge of sor- Journ. of Science.
row ? Addison. The Plutonian theory of the formation
that produces plums. [In this sense, the word is now little used.]
PLU MULE, n. [L. plumula.] The ascend- of rocks and mountains is opposed to the
ing scaly part of the embryo plant, which ‘PLUNG’‘ED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other Neptunian.
penetrable substance; immersed; involv- (PLUTON’IE€, a. [from Pluto, in mythology,
becomes the stem. [See Plume.| | ed in straits.
PLU MY, a. [from plume.] Fethered; coy- the king of the infernal regions.]
PLUN’/GEON, n. A sea fowl. Ainsworth.
ered with fethers. Milton. Pertaining to or designating the system of
3 PLUNG’ER, n. One that plunges; a diver. the Plutonists ;as the Plutonic theory.
2, Adorned with plumes; as a plumy crest. |9 4 cylinder used as a forcer in pumps.
Addison. Kirwan.
PLUNG/ING, ppr. Immersing ; diving ; rush- PLU’/TONIST, n. One who adopts the the-
PLUNDER, v. t. [G. pliindern ; D. plunder- ing headlong.
en; Sw. plundra ; Dan. plyndrer. Qu.) pLUNG/Y, a. Wet. [.Vot used.] ory of the formation of the world in its
Chaucer.
the root of eloign.] present state from igneous fusion.
’ PLUNK’ET, n. A kind of blue color. Good.
1. To pillage ; to spoil; to strip; to take the Ainsworth.
goods of an enemy by open force. Neb-| py RAL, » a a. [L. pluralis, ftom plus, pluris, PLU’VIAL, [L. pluvialis, from pluvia,
uchadnezzar plundered the temple of the more. | PLU‘VIOUS, § “rain; Fr. It. pluviale ;Sp.
Jews. ' 1, Containing more than one ; consisting of pluvial.]
9. To take by pillage or open force. The two or more, or designating two or more ; Rainy ; humid. Brown.
enemy plundered all the goods they found. as a plural word. PLU’VIAL, n. [Fr. pluvial.] A priest’s cope.
We say, he plundered the tent, or he plun- 2. In grammar, the plural number is that Ainsworth.
dered the goods of the tent. The first is which designates more than one, that is, PLUVIAM’ETER, n. [L. pluvia, rain, and
the proper use of the word. any number except one. Thus in most Gr. wetpov, measure. |
to To rob, as a thief; to take from ; to stripj languages, a word in the plural number; A rain gage, an instrument for ascertaining
as, the thief plundered the house; the rob- expresses two or more. But the Greek the quantity of water that falls in rain, or
ber plundered a man of his money and has a dual number to express two; and in rain and snow, in any particular cli-
watch ; pirates plunder ships and men. the plural expresses more than two. mate or place.
A clerk or clergyman who
PLUN’DER, n. That which is taken from an||py Y/RALIST,n. PLUVIAMET’RICAL, a. Pertaining to a
enemy by force; pillage; prey; spoil. holds more ecclesiastical benefices than pluviameter ;made or ascertained by a
2. That which is taken by theft, robbery or one, with cure ofsouls. Johnson. pluviameter. Journ. of Science.
fraud. PLURALITY, n. [Fr. pluralité, from L. plu- PLY, v. t. [Fr. plier, to bend or fold, former-
PLUN’DERED, pp. Pillaged ; robbed. ralis.| 4 ly written ployer, whence employ; Arm.
PLUN'DERER, n. A hostile pillager; aj . A number consisting of two or more o plega, W. plygu, It. piegare, Sp. plegar,
spoiler. the same kind; as a plurality of gods; a Port. pregar, L. plico, Gr. marexw, to fold;
9. A thief; a robber. Addison. plurality of worlds. Encye. Sax. pleggan, to play and to lie on; D.
PLUN’/DERING, ppr. Pillaging ; robbing. |2. A state of being or having a greater num- pleegen, to use, to exercise ; Dan. plejer, to
PLUNGE, v.t. (Fr. plonger; Arm. plungea ber. exercise, to perform an office, to tend, to
or plugein ; W. plwng, a plunge, from thel'3, In elections, a plurality of votes is when nurse; G. pflegen, id.; Sw. pliga. That
same root as liwne or llwng, the gullet, aj| one candidate has more votes than any these words are from the rootof Le, lay, is
 PNE POC POE
obvious, for in G. Kegen, to lie, signifies In surgery, a distension of the scrotum by named from the pustules, small pox, or as
also to ply, to apply. ‘The prefix p may air. } Coxe. _ it ought to be written, small pocks.
be used for the Teutonic be; be-liegen, to PNEUMATOLOG'ICAL, a. Pertaining to POCKET, n. [F'r. pochette, from poche, pock-
lie close, to bend to. See Lay and Lie.] pneumatology. Davy. et, pouch ; Sax. pocea.|
. To lay on, to put to or on with force and PNEUMATGOL/OGIST, n. One versed in - A small bag inserted in a garment for
pneumatology.
repetition ;to apply to closely, with con- carrying small articles,
linuation of efforts or urgency. PNEUMATOL/OGY, x. [Gr. xvevua, air, » A small bag or net to receive the balls in
And plies him with redoubled eae Peal and Aaoyos, discourse. | billiards.
1. The doctrine of the properties of elastie||33. A certain quantity ;as a pocket of hops,
The hero from afar fluids, or of spiritual substances. as in other cases we use sack. {Nol used
Plies him with darts and stones. — Dryden. 2. A treatise on elastic tuids, or on spiritual in America.| Johnson.
We retain the precise sense in the substances. POCKET, v. t. To put or conceal in the
phrase to lay on, to put it on him. PNEUMONIA, [Gr. mvevuer, the lungs, pocket; as, to pockel a penknife.
2. To employ with diligence; to apply close- PNEU’MONY, bn.from zvew, to breathe. | 2. To take clandestinely.
ly and steadily ;to keep busy. In medicine, an inflanimation of the lungs. To pocket an insult or affront, to receive it
Her gentle wit she plies. Spenser. PNEUMON’IE, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; without resenting it, or at least without
The wearied Trojans ply their shattered oars. pulmonic. seeking redress. [In popular use.]
_ Dryden.
PNEUMON’I€,n. A medicine for affections POCK’ET-BOOK, n. A small book of paper
3. To practice or perform with diligence. of the lungs. Coxe. covered with lether; used for carrying
Their bloody task, unweari’d, still they ply.
Waller. POACH, v. t. [Fr. pocher. In Fr. poche is a papers in the pocket.
4, To urge; to solicit with pressing or per- pocket, a bag or purse net; pocheter des POCK’ET-GLASS, n. A portable looking
severing importunity. Jruits, to mellow fruit in the pocket; Ir.) slass.
He plies the duke at morning and at night. boucquaat is to soften; Sax. pocca, a POCK’ET-HOLE, n. The opening into a
Shak. pouch. } pocket.
5. To urge; to press ; to strain ; to force. 1. ‘To boil slightly. Johnson. POCK’‘ET-LID, nx. The flap over the pock-
PLY, v. t. To bend; to yield. 2. To dress by boiling slightly and mixing et-hole.
The willow plied and gave way to the gust. in a soft mass. POCK’/ET-MONEY, n. Money for the pock-
LLEstrange. 3. ‘To begin and not complete. Bacon. et or for occasional expenses.
2. To work steadily. 4. To tread soft ground, or snow and wa- POCK’-HOLE, n. The pit or scar made by
He was forced to ply in the streets. ter, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil a pock.
Spectator. or soft substance and leave deep tracks. POCK’INESS, n. The state of being pocky.
3. To go in haste. [New England.] POCK’WOOD, n. Lignum vite, a very hard
Thither he plies undaunted. Milton. 5. To steal game ; properly, to pocket game, wood.
4. To busy one’s self; to be steadily em- or steal it and convey it away in a bag. POCK’Y, a. [from pock.] Infected with the
ployed. Dryden. England. small pocks ; full of pocks.
5. To endeavor to make way against the 6. 'To steal; to plunder by stealth. 2. Vile; rascally ;mischievous ; contempti-
wind. Mar. Dict. They poach Parnassus, and lay claim for ble. [In vulgar use.|
PLY, n. A fold; a plait. Arbuthnot. praise. Garth. POC'ULENT, a. [L. poculentus, from pocu-
2. Bent; turn; direction; bias. POACH, v. t. [Corn. pokkia, to thrust ;per- lum, acup.| Fit for drink. [Mot used.)
The late learners cannot so well take the ply. haps Fr. pocher. 1t seems to be allied to POD, n. [In W. podi signifies to take in or
Bacon. Eng. poke, poker, Norm, pouchon, a punch- comprehend ; but I know not from what
PLY’ER, zn. He or that which plies. In for-| eon. If so, it is from the root of L. pungo, source we have this word. |
tification, plyers denotes akind of balance, Eng. topunch; G. pochen, to knock.| The pericarp, capsule or seed yessel of cer-
used in raising and letting down a draw- To stab; to pierce; to spear; as, to poach tain plants. The silique or pod is an
bridge, consisting of timbers joined in the) fish. England. oblong, membranaceous, two valved peri-
form of St. Andrew’s cross. POACH, v.i. To be trodden with deep carp, having the seeds fixed along both
PLY/ING, ppr. Laying on with steadiness tracks, as soft ground. We say, the sutures. A legume is a pericarp of two
or repetition ; applying closely ;employ-, ground is soft in spring, and poaches valves, in which the seeds are fixed along
ing ; performing ; urging; pressing or at- badly. one suture only. Martyn.
tempting to make way against the wind. Chalky and clay lands burn in hot weather, According to these descriptions, the seed
PLY/ING, x. Urgent solicitation. chap in summer, and poach in winter. vessels of peas and beans are legumes,
Hammond. Mortimer.| and not pods; but in popular Janguage,
9 . Effort to make way against the wind. POACHARD, [from poach.} A fresh wa-| pod is used for the legume as well as for
PNEUMATIE€, (Gr. avev-! POCHARD, "ter duck of an excellent the silique or siliqua. In New England,
,a. numat'ic.
PNEUMATI€CAL, Mar exos, taste, weighing a pound and _ twelve it is the only word in popular use.
from zvevua, breath, spirit; zvew, to breathe ounces. It is the red headed duck of POD, v. i. To swell; to fill; also, to pro-
or blow.] Lawson; found in America and in the duce pods.
1. Consisting of air, as a thin compressible north of Europe. Pennant.) PODAG’RI€, 2? [L. podagra; Gr. 208-
substance ; opposed to dense or solid sub- ‘POACHED, pp. Slightly boiled or softened ;))PODAG'RICAL, §“ aypa; xovs, the foot,
stances. trodden with deep footsteps; stolen. | and aypa, a seizure. |
The pneumatic substance being, in some bod- POACHER, x. One that steals game. |. Pertaining to the gout; gouty ; partaking
ies, the native spirit of the body. Bacon. More. of the gout.
2. Pertaining to air, or to the philosophy of; POACHINESS, n. Wetness and softness; 2. Aftticted with the gout. Brown.
its properties ;as pneumatic experiments 5) the state of being easily penetrable by the! POD’/DED, a. Waving its pods formed ; fur-
a pneumatic engine. Locke. Encye. feet of beasts ; applied to land. | nished with pods.
3. Moved or played by means of air; as a POACHY, a. Wet and soft; such as the feet} POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods.
pneumatic instrument of music. of cattle will penetrate to some depth; ap-|| PODGE, n. A puddle; a plash. Skinner.
PNEUMAT‘IES, n. In natural philosophy, plied to land or ground of any kind. |POEM, n. (L. poema; Gr. xompo, trom
that branch which treats of air. In chim- POCK, n. [Sax. poc or poce; D. pok; G.| movew, to make, to compose songs. In
istry, that branch which treats of the pocke ; Dan. pukkel; W. pweg, that swells) Russ. poyu signifies to sing. The radical
gases. out; Ir. bocam, to swell, coinciding with| sense is the same, to strain.|
. Li the schools, the doctrine of spiritual sub- G. bauch, D. buik, Dan. bug, the belly,) ts A metrical composition; a composition
stances, as God, angels, and the souls of, Eng. big, &c.; probably all of one fam-) in which the verses consist of certain
men. Dict. ily. measures, whether in blank verse or in
PNEUMAT’OCELE, xn. [Gr. xvevua, air, A a raised on the surface of the body} rhyme ; as the poems of Homer or of Mil-
and x7an, a tumor.] in the variolous and vaccine diseases,!| ton; opposed to prose. Dryden.
 PO! POT PO"
2, This term is also applied to some compo- 3. Severe; piercing ; very painful or acute; are the east, west, north and south. On
sitions in which the language is that of ex- as poignant pain or grief. the space between two of these points,
cited imagination ; as the poems of Ossian. Norris. South. making a quadrant or quarter of a circle,
PO'ESY, x. [Fr. poesie; L. poesis; Gr. POIGNANTLY, adv. poin‘antly. In a stim- the compass is marked with subordinate
nomots, from nouew, to make.] ulating, piercing or irritating manner ; divisions, the whole number being thirty
1. The art or skill of composing poems ; as, with keenness or point. two points.
the heavenly gift of poesy. dien.||POINT, n. [Fr. from poinct ; Sp. It. punto, 17. In astronomy, a certain place marked in
2. Poetry; metrical composition. punta ; W. pwne; from L. punctum, from the heavens, or distinguished for its im-
Music and poesy used to quicken you. pungo, to prick, properly to thrust, pret. portance in astronomical calculations.
Shak. pepugi, showing that 7 is not radical. The zenith and nadir are called vertical
3. A short conceit engraved on a ring or Hence it accords with Norm. pouchon, a points; the nodes are the points where
other thing. Shak. puncheon, Fr. poincon, Eng. to punch, and the orbits of the planets intersect the
POET, n. [Fr. poete; L. Sp. It. poeta; Gr. with poke, poker, Gr. anyrve, &c.] plane of the ecliptic ; the place where the
nomrns. See Poem.) 1. The sharp end ofany instrument or body ; equator and ecliptic intersect are called
1. The author of a poem; the inventor or as the point of aknife, of asword or of a equinoctial points ;the points of the eclip-
maker of a metrical composition. thorn. tic at which the departure of the sun from
A poet isa maker, as the word signifies ; and
2. A string witha tag; asa silken point. the equator, north and south, is termin-
he who cannot make, that is, invent, hath his ated, are called solstitial points.
name for nothing. Dryden.
Sihak.
18. In perspective, a certain pole or place
2. One skilled in making poetry, or who has 3. A smallcape, headland or promontory ; a with regard to the perspective plane.
a particular genius for metrical composi- tract of land extending into the sea, a
lake or river, beyond the line of the shore, Encye.
tion ; one distinguished for poetic talents. 19. In manufactories, a lace or work wrought
Many write verses who cannot be called and becoming narrow at the end; as point
Judith ; Montauk point. It is smaller by the needle; as point le Venice, pointde
oets. Genoa, &c. Sometimes the word is used
PO/ETASTER, x. A petty poet; a pitiful than a cape.
for lace woven with bobbins. Point devise
rhymer or writer of verses. Roscommon. 4. The sting of an epigram; a lively turn o is used for needle work, or for nice work,
PO/ETESS, n. A female poet. Hail. thought or expression that strikes with
force and agreeable surprise. 0. The place to which any thing is direct-
POET I€, (Gr. momrixos; L. poeti- ed, or the direction in which an object is
With periods, points and tropes he slurs his
POETICAL, §% cus; Fr. poetique-] crimes. Dryden. presented to the eye. We say, in this
1. Pertaining to poetry; suitable to poetry; 5. An indivisible part of time or space. We point of view, an object appears to advan-
asa poetical genius; poelic turn or talent; say, a point of time, a point of space. tage. In this or that point of view, the
poetic license. Locke. Davies. evidence is important.
2. Expressed in poetry or measure ; as a po- 6. A small space ; as a small point of land. 21. Particular; single thing or subject. In
etical composition. Prior. what point do we differ? All points of
3. Possessing the peculiar beauties of poet- 7. Punctilio; nicety ;exactness of ceremo- controversy between the parties are ad-
ry; sublime; as a composition or passage ny; as points of precedence. justed. We say, in point of antiquity, in
highly poetical. 8. Place near, next or contiguous to; verge; point of fact, in point of excellence. ‘The
POETI€ALLY, adv. With the qualities of eve. He is on the point of departure, or letter in every point is admirable. The
poetry; by the art of poetry ; by fiction. at the potnt of death. treaty is executed in every point.
Dryden. 9. Exact place. He left off at the point 22. Aim; purpose; thing to be reached or
POET‘I€S, n. The doctrine ofpoetry. where he began. accomplished ; as, to gain one’s point.
Warton.
10. Degree; state of elevation, depression 23. The act of aiming or striking.
PO'/ETIZE, v. 7. [Fr. poetiser.] To write as or extension; as, he has reached an ex- What a point your falcon made. Shak.
a poet; to compose verse. Donne. traordinary point of excellence. He has 24. A single position; a single assertion; a
POET-LAUREAT, n. A poet employed to fallen to the lowest point of degradation. single part of acomplicated question or of
compose poems for the birth days of a 11. A character used to mark the divisions a whole.
prince or other special occasion. of writing, or the pauses to be observed in These arguments are not sufficient to prove
POET-MUSI’CIAN, x». An appellation reading or speaking ; as the comma, semi- the point.
given to the bard and lyrist of former’ colon, colon and period. The period is Strange point and new!
ages, as uniting the professions of poetry called a full stop, as it marks the close ofa Doctrine which we would know whence
and music. Busby. sentence. learned. Milton.
PO'‘ETRESS, n. A female poet. 12. A spot; a part of a surface divided by 25. A note or tune.
PO‘'ETRY, n. [Gr. xomrpia.] Metrical com- spots or lines; as the ace or sise point. Turing your tongue divine
position ; verse ; as heroic poetry ; dramat- 13. In geometry, that which has neither parts To a loud trumpet, and a point of war.
ic poetry; lyric or Pindaric poetry. nor magnitude. Euclid. Shak.
2. The art or practice of composing in A point is that which has position but not \26. In heraldry, points are the several differ-
verse. He excels in poetry. magnitude. Playfair. ent parts of the escutcheon, denoting the
3. Poems; poetical composition. We take A point is a limit terminating a line. | local positions of figures. Encyc.
pleasure in reading poetry. Legendre. 27. In electricity, the acute termination ofa
4. This term is also applied to the language 14. In music, a mark or note anciently used body which facilitates the passage of the
of excited imagination and feeling. to distinguish tones or sounds. Hence, fluid to or from the body. Encyc.
POIGNANCY, n. poin/ancy. [See Poign- simple cownterpoint is when a note of the 28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the shot
ant.| lower part answers exactly to that of the of a gun leveled horizontally. The point-
1. Sharpness; the power of stimulating the upper, and figurative counterpoint, is when blank range is the extent of the apparent
organs oftaste. Swift. a note is syncopated and one of the parts right line ofa ball discharged. In shoot-
2. Point; sharpness ; keenness ; the power makes several notes or inflections of the ing point-blank, the ball is supposed to
of irritation ; asperity ;as the poignancy of voice while the other holds on one. move directly to the object, without a
wit or sarcasm. Encye. curve. Hence adverbially, the word is
3. Severity ; acuteness. 15. In modern music, a dot placed by a note equivalent to directly.
POIGNANT, a. poin/ant. [Fr. poignant, par- to raise its value or prolong its time by 29. In marine language, points are flat pie-
ticiple of poindre, from L. pungere, pungo, one half, so as to make a semibreve equal ces of braided cordage, tapering from the
to prick. | to three minims ; a minim equal to three middle towards each end ; used in reefing
1. Sharp ; stimulating the organs of taste ; quavers, &c. the courses and top-sails of square-rigged
as poignant sauce. Dryden. 16. In astronomy, a division of the great vessels. Mar. Dict.
2, Pointed; keen ; bitter ; irritating; satiri- circles of the horizon, and of the marin- \Point de vise, [Fr.] exactly in the point of
cal; as poignant wit. : er’s compass. The four cardinal points, view. Shak.
 PO! POT POK
Vowel-points, in the Hebrew and other east- POINTEDLY, adv. In a pointed manner; 5. To oppress; to weigh down.
ern languages, are certain marks placed with lively turns of thought or expression. Lest leaden slumber poise me down to-morrow,
above or below the consonants, or attach- He often wrote too pointedly for his subject. When | should mount on wings of victory.
ed to them, as in the Ethiopic, represent- Dryden.) Shak.
ing the vocal sounds or vowels, which pre- 2. With direct assertion ; with direct reter- POISED, pp. Balanced; made equal in
cede or follow the articulations. J ence to a subject; with explicitness; as, weight; resting in equilibrium.
The point, the subject; the main question; he declared pointedly he would accede to) POIS’ING, ppr. Balancing.
the precise thing to be considered, deter- the proposition, POISON, n. poiz’n. (Fr. poison; Arm. em-
mined or accomplished. This argument POINTVEDNESS, n. Sharpness ; picked- poesoun, pouison; Sp. ponzona; Port. pe-
may be true, but it is not to the point. ness with asperity. Johnson. gonha. Qu. its alliance to L. pus. See
POINT, v.t.. To sharpen; to cut, forge, 2. Epigranmatical keenness or smartness. Class Bs. No. 25.]
In this you excel Horace, that you add point- 1. A substance which, when taken into the
grind or file to an acute end; as, to pornt | edness of thought. Dryden.
adartor a pin; also, to taper, as a rope. stomach, mixed with the blood or applied
POINT’EL, n. Something on a point. to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or delete-
9. To direct towards an object or place, to These poises or pointels are, tor the most
show its position, or excite attention to it; rious by an action not mechanical; ven-
part, little balls set at the top of a slender stalk,
as, to point the finger at an object; to which they can move every way at pleasure.
om. ‘The more active and virulent pois-
point the finger of scorn at one. Shak. Derham. ons destroy life in a short time; others
3. To direct the eye or notice. 2. A kind ofpencil or style. Wickliffe. are slow in their operation, others pro-
Whosoever should be guided through his POINT’ER, n. Any thing that points. duce inflammation without proving fatal.
battles by Minerva, and pointed to every scene 2. The hand of a time-piece. Watts. In the application of poison, much de-
of them, would see nothing but subjects of sur-
3. A dog that points out the game to sports- pends on the quantity.
prise. Pope.
| men. Gay. 2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or nox-
4. To aim; to direct towards an object; as, ious to health; as the poison of pestilen-
to point a musket ata wolf; to point aj|/POINT/ING, ppr. Directing the finger; tial diseases.
| showing; directing.
cannon at a gate. 3. That which taints or destroys moral pu-
5. To mark with characters for the purpose 2. Marking with points ; as a writing.
rity or health; as the poison of evil exam-
of distinguishing the members of a sen- |3. Filling the joints and crevices of a wall ple ; the poison of sin. South.
tence, and designating the pauses; as, to) | with mortar or cement. POISON, v.t. To infect with any thing fa-
point a written composition. POINTING, n. The art of making the di-
|. Visions of a writing ; punctuation. tal to life; as, to potson an arrow.
6. To mark with vowel-points. \2. To attack, injure or kill by poison.
7. To appoint. [.Vot in use.] Spenser. 2. The state of being pointed with marks or He was so discouraged that he poisoned
8. To fill the joints of with mortar, and) | points.
smooth them with the point of a trowel ? | \p OINT'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridi- himself and died. 2 Mace.
| cule or scorn. Shak. 3. To taint; to mar; to impair; as, discon-
as, to point a wall. tent poisons the happiness of life.
'POINT’LESS, a. Having no point; blunt;
To point out, to show by the finger or by, Hast thou not
other means. | obtuse ; as a pointless sword.
With thy false arts poison’d his people’s loy-
To point a sail, to affix points through the |
2. Having no smartness or keenness. alty? Rowe.
eyelet-holes ofthe reefs. POISE, n. poiz. [W. pwys, weight; Arm.) 4. To corrupt. Our youth are poisoned
POINT, v. 7. To direct the finger for desig-| | poes; Fr. poids. See the Verb.] with false notions of honor, or with perni-
nating an object, and exciting attention 1. Weight; gravity ; that which causes a cious maxims of government.
to it; with at.
body to descend or tend to the center.
To suffer the thoughts to be vitiated, is to
Now must the world point at poor Catherine. Spenser. poison the fountains of morality. Rambler.
Shak. 2. The weight or mass of metal used in POIS/ONED, pp. Infected or destroyed by
Point at the tatter’d coat and ragged shoe. weighing with steelyards, to balance the
substance weighed. poison.
Dryden.
2. To indicate, as dogs do to sportsmen. 3. Balance; equilibrium; a state in which POIS’ONER, n. One who poisons or cor-
He treads with caution, and he points with things are balanced by equal weight or rupts ; that which corrupts.
fear. Gay. power; equipoise. The mind may rest POIS/ONING, ppr. Infecting with poison;
3. To show distinctly by any means. in a poise between two opinions. corrupting.
To point at what time the balance of power The particles forming the earth, must con- POIS/ONOUS, a. Venomous; having the
was most equally held between the lords and vene from all quarters towards the middle, qualities of poison; corrupting
; impairing
commons at Rome, would perhaps admit a which would make the whole compound rest; soundness or purity.
controversy. Swift. in a poise. Bentley.| POIS/ONOUSLY, adv. With fatal or inju-
4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall 4, A regulating power ; that which balances. rious effects; venomously.
with mortar. Men of an unbounded imagination often POIS/ONOUSNESS, n. The quality of be-
5. In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end want the poise of judgment. Dryden, ing fatal or injurious to health and sound-
of a rope or splice, and work over the re-| |POISE, v. t. poiz. [W. prwysaw, to throw ness ; venomousness.
duced part a small close netting, with) down, to press, to lean or incline, to POIS/ON-TREE, xn. A tree that poisons
an even number of knittles twisted from weigh ; Arm. poesa ; It. pesare; Sp. Port.) the flesh. This name is given to a spe-
the same. Cyc. pesar ; Corn. puza ; Fr. peser.] cies of Rhus or sumac, the Rhus vernix or
To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt) 1. To balance in weight; to make of equal) poison ash, a native of America; also to
by pointing or directing attention to. weight; as, to poise the scales of a bal- the bohun upas of Java. Encyc.
POINT’AL, n. In botany, the pistil of a | ance. POUTREL, n. [Fr. poitrail, from L. pecto-
plant; an organ or viscus adhering to the . To hold or place in equilibrium or equi- rale, from pectus, the breast.]
fruit for the reception of the pollen. Its ponderance. 1. Armor for the breast. Skinner.
appearance is that of a column or set of Our nation with united interest blest, 2. A graving tool. (Qu. pointel.]
columns in the center of the flower. Not now content to poise, shall sway the rest. Ainsworth.
Martyn. Dryden. POIZE, a common spelling of poise. [See
POINTED, pp. Sharpened ; formed to al) . To load with weight for balancing. Poise.}
point; directed ; aimed. Where could they find another form so fit,
To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit ?
POKE, n. [Sax. pocea, poha; Fr. poche, a
2. Aimed at a particular person or transac- Dryden. pouch or bag.]
. To examine or ascertain, as by the bal- A pocket; asmall bag; as a pig in a poke.
tion,
3. a. Sharp; having a sharp point; as a ance; to weigh. Camden. Spectator.
pointed rock. He cannot consider the strength, poise the POKE, The popular name of
4. Epigrammatical; abounding in conceits weight, and discern the evidence ofthe clearest PO/KE-WEED, ;sss a plant of the genus
or lively turns; as pointed wit. argumentations, where they would conclude Phytolacea, otherwise called cocum and
Pope.| against his desires. 38 South. garget; a native of N. America. As a
Vol. If.
 POL POL BOY
medicine, it has emetic and cathartic qual- Polarization of light, a change produced PO'LE-AX, , An ax fixed to a pole or
ities, and has had some reputation as a upon light by the action of certain media, ‘PO'LE-AXE, * handle; or rather a sort
remedy for rheumatism. It was formerly by which it exhibits the appearance of of hatchet with a handle about fifteen
called in Virginia, pocan. Bigelow. having polarity, or poles possessing dif- inches in length, and a point or claw bend-
POKE, v. t. [Corn. pokkia, to thrust or ferent properties. This property of light ing downward from the back of its head.
push. In Armoric, pochan is one that was first discovered by Huygens in his It is principally used in aetions at sea, to
investigation of the cause of double re- cut away the rigging of the enemy at-
dives or plunges. | tempting to board; sometimes it is thrust
1. Properly ,to thrust; hence, to feel or fraction, as seen in the Iceland crystal.
The attention of opticians was more par- into the side of a ship to assist in mount-
search for with a long instrument.
Brown. ticularly directed towards it by the discov- ing the enemy’s ship, and it is sometimes
2. To thrust at with the horns, as an ox; eries of Malus, in 1810. The knowledge
called a bourding-axr. Mar. Dict. Encyc.
a popular use of the word in New England of this singular property of light, has af- PO'/LE€AT, n. [Qu. foul cat, or Gr. pavros.]
forded an expianation of several very in- A quadruped of the genus Mustela; the
And intransitively, to poke at, is to thrust
tricate phenomena in optics. fitehew or fitchet. Encye.
the horns at.
POKE, n. In New England, a machine to PO’/LARIZE, v. t. To communicate polari- /PO/LE-DAVY, x. A sort of coarseAinsworth. cloth.
prevent unruly beasts from leaping fences, ty to.
consisting of a yoke with a pole inserted, PO/LARIZED, pp. Having polarity com- |/POL/EMARE€H, n. [Gr. morsuapyzos; tors-
pointing forward. municated to. Hos, war, and apy, rule, or apzos, chief.]
POKE, v.¢. To puta poke on; as, to poke 'PO/LARIZING, ppr. Giving polarity to. 1. Auciently, a magistrate of Athens and
an OX. New England. PO'/LARY, a. [See Polar.] Tending toa Thebes, who had under his care all stran-
PO/KER, x. [from poke.| An iron bar used pole ; having a direction to a pole. gers and sojourners in the city, and all chil-
in stirring the fire when coal is used for Brown. dren of parents who had lost their lives in
fuel. Swift. POLE, n. [Sax. pol, pal; G. pfahl; D. paal ; the service of their country.
Encyc. Mitford.
PO/KER, n. [Dan. pokker, the duse; W. Sw. pile; Dan. pel; W. pawl; L. palus. 2. A military officer in Lacedeemon.
pwea, a hobgoblin; bwg, id. ; bwgan, a See Pale.]
bugbear ; bw, terror, fright. These words = . A long slender piece of wood, or the stem POLEM’‘I€, (Gr. moreucxos, from m0a~
seem to be allied to buw, buwc, an ox or of asmall tree deprived of its branches. POLEM‘I€AL, , “euos, War.}
cow, L. bos, bovis, and all perhaps from Thus seamen use poles for setting or 1. Controversial; disputative; intended to
the bellowing of bulls.] driving boats in shallow water ; the stems maintain ap opinion or system in opposi-
Any frightful object, especially in the dark ; of small trees are used for hoops and call- tion to others; as a polemic treatise, dis-
a bugbear; a word in common popular ed hoop-poles ;the stems of small, but tall course, essay or book; polemic divinity.
use in America. straight trees, are used as poles for support- 2. Engaged in supporting an opinion or sys-
PO’/KING, ppr. Feeling in the dark; stir- ing the scaffolding in building. tem by controversy; as a polemic writer.
ring with a poker; thrusting at with the 2. A rod; a perch; a measure of length of South.
horns ; putting a poke on. five yards and a half. |/POLEM‘I€, a. A disputant; a controver-
POKING, a. Drudging; servile. [Collo- (In New England, rod is generally used. ]}) list; one who writes in support of an
uial.| Gray. 3. An instrument for measuring. Bacon. opinion or system in opposition to another.
PO'KING-STICK, n. An instrument for-|| | Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles, when) Pope.
merly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs ber sails are all furled. Mar. Dict.| POLEM'OS€OPE, n. [Gr. xorzuos, war,
then worn. Middleton. Shak. POLE, n. (Fr. pole; It. Sp. polo: G. Dan.) and oxoztea, to view. |
POLA’€RE, xn. [Sp. id.; Port. polaca, pol- Sw. pol; D. pool; L.polus ;Gr. 7oros, from An oblique perspective glass contrived for
hacra; Fr. polacre, polaque.| morew, to turn.} seeing objects that do not lie directly be-
A vessel with three masts, used in the Med- 1. In astronomy, one of the extremities of fore the eye. It consists of a concave
iterranean. The masts are usually of one the axis on which the sphere revolves. glass placed near a plane mirror in the
piece, so that they have neither tops, caps These two points are called the poles of] end of a short round tube, and a convex
nor cross-trees, nor horses to their upper the world. glass in a hole in the side of the tube. It
yards. Mar. Dict. Encye. 2. In spherics, a point equally distant from is called opera-glass, or diagonal opera-
PO'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire; It. polare ; Sp. po- every part of the circumference of a great glass. Encye.
lar. See Pole.| circle of the sphere; or it is a point 90° PO'LE-STAR, n. A star which is vertical,
1. Pertaining to the poles of the earth, nortb distant from the plane of a circle, and or nearly so, to the pole of the earth; a
or south, or to the poles of artificial in a line passing perpendicularly through lodestar. The northern pole-star is of
globes; situated near one of the poles ; as the center, called the axis. Thus the ze- great use to navigators in the northern
polar regions; polar seas ; polur ice or cli- nith and nadir are the poles of the hori- hemisphere.
mates. zon. 2. That which serves as a guide or director.
2, Proceeding from one of the regions near 3. In geography, the extremity of the earth’s Burton.
the poles; as polar winds. axis, or one of the points on the surface PO'’LEY-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus
3. Pertaining tothe magnetic pole, or to the of our globe through which the axis Lytbrum. Fam. of Plants.
point to which the magnetic needle is di- passes. PO’/LEY-MOUNTAIN, n. A plant of the
rected. 4. The star wiich is vertical to the pole of genus Teucrium. Ib.
POLARITY, nv. That quality of a body in the earth ; the pole-star. POLICE, n. [Fr. from L. politia; Gr. mor-
virtue of which peculiar properties reside ‘Poles of the ecliptic, are two points on the tea, from morts, city.|
in certain points; usually, as in electrified surface of the sphere, 23° 30/ distant from jl. The government of a city or town; the
or magnetized bodies, properties of attrac- the poles of the world. administration of the laws and regulations
tion or repulsion, or the power of taking a Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone, ofa city or incorporated town or borough ;
certain direction. Thus we speak of the corresponding to the poles of the world ; as the police of London, of New York or
polarity of the magnet or magnetic nee- the one pointing to the north, the other Boston. The word is applied also to the
dle, whose pole is not always that of the to the south. government ofall towns 1 New England
earth, but a point somewhat easterly or POLE, x. (from Poland.] A native of Po- which are made corporationsby a general
westerly ; and the deviation of the needle land. statute, for certain purposes.
from a north and south line is called its va- POLE, v. t. To furnish with poles for sup-| (2. The internal regulation and government
riation. A mineral is said to possess po- port; as, to pole beans. | of a kingdom or state. Blackstone.
larity, when it attracts one pole of a mag- 2. To bear or convey on poles; as, to pole 3. The corporation or body of men govern-
netic needle and repels the other. hay into a barn. ing a city. Jamieson.
POLARIZA’TION, xn. The act of giving 3. To impel by poles, as a boat; to push 4. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a
polarity to a body. forward by the use ofpoles. gentleman’s seat.
 POL PFO: L POL
POL/‘ICED, a. Regulated by laws; furnish- PO'LING, n. In gardening, the operation of POL
ed with a regular system of laws and ad- dispersing the worm-casts ITI¢€, a. [L. politicus ; Gr. monrvxos,
all over the | from xorrea, from toms, a city.
ministration. Bacon. walks, with long ash poles. This destroys, | Word This
inits origin is the same as political,
POLICE-OFFICER, n. An officer entrust- the worm-casts and is beneficial to the and was formerly used as synonymous
ed with the execution of the laws of a city. walks. Cyc. with it. It is so still in the phrase, body
POLICY, n. [Fr. police; L. politia; Gr. PO'LING, ppr. Furnishing with poles for politic. Burke used politic distinction
mtortsca, from mors, city, Sans. palya.|
support. political distinction, but present usage for
does
1. Policy, in its primary signification, is the 2. Bearing on poles. not warrant this application. |
same as polity, comprehending the funda- 3. Pushing forw ard with poles, as a boat. | 1. Wise; prudent and sagacious in devising
mental constitution or frame of civil gov- PO’LISH, a. [from Slav. pole, a plain, and pursuing measures adapted to pro-
ernment in a state or kingdom. But by whence Poland. See the Verb.} mote the public welfare; applied
to per
usage, policy is now more generally used Pertainingtw) to Poland, a level countr on the sons; as a politic prince.
to denote what is included under legisla- south of Russia and the Baltic. /2. Well devised and adapted to the
public
tion and administration, and may be de- POLISH, ». t. {Fr. polir, polissant; Arm. prosperity ;applied to things.
fined, the art or mannerof governing ana-| poulicza ; It. polire or pulire ; Sp. polir, pu- This land was famously emiched
tion; or that system of measures which lr; L. polio; Dan. polerer; Sw. polera ; With politic grave counsel. Shak.
the sovereign of a country adopts and pur- Russ. poliruyu ; W. caboli, with a prefix ; 3. Ingenious in devising and pursuing any
sues, as best adapted to the interests of scheme of personal or national aggrand
-
izement, without regard to the morality
the nation. Thus we speak of domestic Ar. ja chafala, to polish. Qu. its alli-
policy, or the system of internal regula- of the measure ; cunning ; artful; saga-
ance to
file.] cious in adapting means to the end, wheth-
tions in a nation; foreign policy, or the 1
measures which respect foreign nations; - To make smooth and glossy, usually by
er good or evil.
friction ; as, to polish glass, marble, met-
I have been politic with my friend, smooth
commercial policy, or the measures which als and the like.
respect commerce. | with my enemy. Shak. Pope.
2. Art, prudence, wisdom or dexterity in the 2. To refine; to wear off rudeness, rusticity 4. Well devised; adapted to its end, right or
management and coarseness; to make elegant and po- wrong.
of public affairs ;applied to
lite; as, to polish life or manners. Milton. POLITICAL, a. {supra.] Pertaining to
persons governing. It has been the policy The Greeks were polished by the Asiatics
of France to preclude females from the policy, or to civil government and its ad-
and Egyptians. S. S. Smith. ministration.
throne. It has been the policy of Great Political measures or af.
POL‘ISH, v. i. To become smooth; to re- fairs are measures that respect the goy-
Britain to encourage her navy, by keeping
ceive a gloss; to take a smooth and ernment ofa nation or state.
her carrying trade in her ‘own hands. glossy surface. So we say,
In this she manifests sound policy. For- political power or authority ; political wis-
Steel will polish almost as white and bright dom; a political scheme: political opin-
merly, England permitted wool to be ex- as silver. Bacon.
ported and manufactured in the Low POLISH, n. A smooth glossy surface pro- ions. A good prince is the political father
Countries, which was very bad policy. duced by friction. of his people. The founders of astate
and
wise senators are also called political
The policyof all laws has made some forms Another prism of clearer glass and better pol- fa-
hecessary in the wording of last wills and tes- ish seemed free from veins. Newton. thers,
Blackstone. 2. Refinement; elegance of manners.
. Pertaining to a nation or state, or
taments. to na-
All violent policy defeats itself. Hamilton.
tions or states, as distinguished from civil
What are these wond’rous civilizing arts,
This Roman polish?
or municipal ; as in the phrase, political
“Addison.
3. In common usage, the art, prudence or and civil rights, the former compreh
wisdom ofindividuals in the management POL/ISHABLE, a. Capable of being pol- end-
ing rights that belong toa nation, or per-
oftheir private or social concerns. ished.
haps to a citizen
4. Stratagem; cunning; dexterity of man- POLISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy; tion; and the as an individual of a na-
agement. refined. latter comprehending the
5. A ticket or warrant for money in the pub- local rights of a corporation or any mem-
POL'ISHER, n. The person or instrument ber of it.
lic funds. [It. polizza.] | that polishes. Addison.
6. [Sp. poliza.] Policy, in commerce, the POLISHING, ppr. Making smooth and) Speaking of the political state of Europe, we
writing or instrument by which acontract are accustomed to say of Sweden, she lost
glossy ; refining. liberty by the revolution. her
of indemnity is effected between the in- POL‘ISHING, n. Smoothness; glossiness ; Paley.
Goldsmith. 3.
surer and the insured; or the instrument Public ; derived from office or connectio
refinement. n
containing the terms or conditions on POLI'TE, a. [L. politus, polished, from po- with government; as political character.
which a person or company undertakes to lio, supra. ] 4. Artful; skillful. [See Politic.]
indemnify another person or company 1. Literally, smooth, glossy, and used in this 9. Treating of politics or government; as a
against losses of property exposed to pe-| sense till within a century. political writer. Paley.
culiar hazards, as houses or goods exposed Political arithmetic, the art of reasoning by
Rays of light falling on a polite surface.
to fire, or ships and goods exposed to de-| figures, or of making arithmetical caleu-
struction on the high seas. This writing, Newton. lations on matters relating to a nation, its
is subscribed by the insurer, who is called, [This application of the word is, I be- revenues, value of lands and effects, pro-
the underwriter. lieve, entirely obsolete. ] duce oflands or manufactures, population,
The terms policy of in-
surance, or assurance, are also used for 2. Being polished or elegant in manners; re- &e.
the.
contract between the insured and the un-.
fined in behavior; well bred. Political economy, the administrationof the
derwriter. He marries, bows at court and grows polite. revenues ofa nation ; or the management
Policies are valued or open ; valued, when, Pope. and regulation of its resources and pro-
the property or goods insured are valued ductive property and labor.
[> Courteous; complaisant; obliging. Political
at prime cost; open, when the goods are His manners were warm without insincerity, economy comprehends all the measures
not valued, but if lost, their value must be and polite without pomp. Wirt. by which the property and labor of citi-
proved. Park. Blackstone.|POLYTELY, adv. With elegance of man- zens are directed in the best manner to
Wagering policies, which insure sums the success ofindividual industry and en-
money, interest or no interest, of ners ; genteelly ;courteously.
terprise, and to the public prosperity. Po-
All insurances, interest or are illegal.|POLI/TENESS » n. Polish or elegance of litical economy is now considered as a
no interest, or
without further proof of interest than the policy| manners; gentility; good breeding ; ease Science.
itself, are null and void. Blackstone., and gracefulness of manners, united with POLITICALLY, adv.
With relation to the
The word policy is used also for the a desire to please others and a careful at- government of a nation or state.
writing | tention to their wants and wishes.
which insures against other events, 2. Artfully ;with address. Obs.
as well |2. Courteousness ;_complaisance; obliging Knolles.
as against loss of property. POLIT’ICASTER, n. A petty politician ;
attentions, a pretender to politics, LeEstrange
 POL POL POL
POLITICIAN, a. Cunning; using artifice. poll the hair, and to poll the head, have 2. To taint with guilt.
Obs. been used. The latter is used in 2 Sam.| Ye pollute yourselves with all your idols.
xiv. 26. To poll a deed, is a phrase still Ezek. xx.
POLITICIAN, n. [Fr. politicien.] One
versed in the science of government and)}. used in law language. Z. Swift. 3. To profane ;to use for carnal or idola-
trous purposes.
the art of governing ; one skilled in poli- 3. To mow; to crop. [Wot used.] Shak.
My sabbaths they greatly polluted. Ezek.
tics. Dryden. Pope. 4. To peel; to strip; to plunder. Obs.
XX.
2. A man of artifice or deep contrivance. Bacon. Spenser.
South. 5. To take a list or register of persons; to, 4, To corrupt or impair by mixture of ill,
enter names in a list. moral or physieal.
POL'ITIES, n. [Fr. politique ; Gr. norrixn.
See Policy.] 6. 'To enter one’s name in a list or register. Envy you my praise, and would destroy
Dryden. With grief my pleasures, and pollute my joy ?
The science of government; that part of]7. 'To insert into a number as a voter. Dryden.
ethics which consists in the regulation and) Tickel.|| 5. To violate by illegal sexual commerce.
government of a nation or state, for the POL'LARD, n. [from poll.) A tree lopped.| POLLU’TE, a. Polluted; defiled. Milton.
preservation of its safety, peace and pros-| Bacon. PLLLU’TED, pp. Defiled; rendered un-
perity ; comprehending the defense of its 2. A clipped coin. Camden. clean ; tainted with guilt ; impaired; pro-
existence and rights against foreign con-| 3. The chub fish. Ainsworth. faned.
trol or conquest, the augmentation of its! 4, A stag that has cast his horns. \POLLU’/TEDNESS, n. The state of being
strength and resources, and the protec- 5. A mixture of bran and meal. Ainsworth. polluted ; defilement.
tion ofits citizens in their rights, with the’ |POL’/LARD, v. t. To lop the tops of trees 5)POLLU’TER, x. A defiler; one that pol-
preservation and improvement of their to poll. Evelyn. lutes or profanes.
morals. Politics, as a science or an art, is |POL’/LEN, n. [L. pollen, pollis, fine flour;POLLU’TING, ppr. Defiling; rendering
a subject of vast extent and importance. Russ. pil, piel, dust, L. pulvis.] | unclean ; corrupting ; profaning.
POL/ITIZE, v. i. To play the politician.) 1. The fecundating dust or fine substance POLLU/TION, n. [L. pollutio; Fr. pollu-
[Not in use.] Milton. like flour or meal, contained inthe anther tion; Sp. polucion ; It. polluzione.}
POL/ITURE, n. [See Polish.] Polish; the of flowers, which is dispersed on the pistl 1. The act of polluting.
gloss given by polishing. [.Vot used.] for impregnation ; farin or farina. 2. Defilement ; uncleanness ; impurity ; the
Donne. Encyc. Milne. Martyn. state of being polluted.
POLITY, n. (Gr. xoacrew.] The form or 2. Fine bran. Bailey. (3. In the Jewish economy, legal or ceremonial
constitution of civil government ofa nation) POL/LENGER, 2. Brushwood. Obs. uncleanness, which disqualified a person
or state; and in free states, the frame or Tusser.|| for sacred services or for common inter-
fundamental system by which the several POL/LENIN, x. [from pollen.] A substance course with the people, or rendered any
branches of government are established, prepared from the pollen of tulips, highly thing unfit for saered use.
and the powers and duties of each desig- inflammable, and insoluble in ageuts 4. In medicine, the involuntary emission of
nated and defined. which dissolve other vegetable products. semen in sleep.
Every branch ofour civil polity supports and Exposed to the air, it soon undergoes pu-|| 5. Ina religious sense, guilt, the effect of
is supported, regulates and is regulated by the trefaction. Webster's Manual.|| sin; idolatry, &c.
rest. Blackstone. POLLER, n. [from poll.] Que that shaves|| POL’/LUX, n. A fixed star of the second
With respect to their interior polity, our col- persons; a barber. [JVot used.] magnitude, in the constellation Gemini or
onies are properly of three sorts; provincial es- 2. One that lops or polls trees. the ‘Twins, Encye.
tablishments, proprietary governments, and 3. A pillager; a plunderer; one that fleeces 2. [See Castor.]
charter governments. Blackstone. by exaction. [.Vot used.] Bacon. POLONA‘ISE, A robe or dress adopt-
The word seems also to embrace legis- 4. One that registers voters, or one that en- POLONFE’SE, ™- ed from the fashion of
Jation and administration of government. ters his name as a voter. the Poles; sometimes worn by ladies.
2, The constitution or general fundamental POLL-EVEL, n. [poll and evil.) A swelling POLONE’SE, a. The Polish language.
principles of government of any class of or impostem on a horse’s head, or on the Encyc.
citizens, considered in an appropriate nape of the neck between the ears. POLONOISE, n. In music, a movement of
character, or as a subordinate state. Far. Dict. three crotehets ina bar, with the rhyth-
Were the whole christian world to revert POLLICITA’TION, xn. [L. pollicitatio.] A mical cesure on the last. Busby.
back to the original model, how far more sim- promise ;a voluntary engagement, or a POLT, n. [Sw. bulta, to beat.], A. blow,
ple, uniform and beautiful would the church ap- paper containing it. Henry’s Britain. stroke or striking ; a@ word in common pop-
pear, and how far more agreeable to the eccles- POLLIN€’/TOR, n. [L.] One that prepares ular use in N. England.
iastical polity instituted by the holy apostles. materials for embalming the dead; a kind POLT-FOOT, n. A distorted foot. [Mot in
President Stiles. of undertaker. Greenhill.| use. ] Herbert.
POLL, n. [D, bol, a ball, bowl, crown, poll, POLLINIF’EROUS, a. [L. pollen and fero,), POLT-FOOT, Having distorted feet.
pate, bulb.] to produce.] Producing pollen. POLT-FOOTED, ,a [.Votin use.| B. Jonson.
1. The head of a person, or the back part of} POL/LOCK, A fish, a species of Gadus} POLTROON’, n, [Fr. poltron ; It. poltrone,
the head, and in composition, applied to, POL/LACK, * or cod. an idle fellow, a coward ;. poltrire, to sleep,
the head of a beast, as inpoll-evil. POLLU’TE, » t. [L. polluo; Fr. polluer. Tf} to be idle, to loiter; Sp. paltron, idle, lazy,
2. A register of heads, that is, of persons. | this word is compound, as 1 suspect, it easy, commodious ; Port. poltram, an idler ;
Shak. seems to be composed of the preposition poltram, poltrona, lazy, cowardly; Arm.
3. The entry of the names of electors who po, which is in the Russian language and} poullroun ; certainly not from pollice trun-
vote for civil officers. Hence, retained inthe L. polluceo and possideo, cato. The primary sense is idle, at ease,
4, An election ofcivil officers, or the place of; and according to Ainsworth, of lave. But whence lazy; perhaps from the root. of”
election. | this combination would not naturally give Jail, W. pallu.)
Our citizens say, at the opening or close, the signification. If the word is simple, An arrant coward; a dastard; a, wretch
of the poll, that is, at the beginning of the the first syllable coincides with foul, But without spirit or courage. Dryden.
register of voters and reception of votes, neither is this etymology satisfactory. ] | POLTROON’ERY, 2. Cowardice; base-
or the close of the same. ‘They say also, 1. To defile ; to make foul or unclean; in a ness of mind ;,want of spirit.
we are going to the poll; many voters ap-, general sense. But appropriately, among) POL'VERIN, [L. pulvis, dust; It. pol-
peared at the poll. New York.) the Jews, to make unclean or impure, in| POL'VERINE, ;™ verino.| The calcined
5. A fish called a chub or chevin. [See Pol- a legal or ceremonial sense, so as to dis- ashes of a plant, of the nature of pot and
lard.| qualify a person for sacred services, or to] pearl ashes, brought from the Levant.and
POLL, v. t. Tolop the tops oftrees. Bacon. render things unfit for sacred uses. Num.| Syria. In the manufacture of glass, it is
2, To clip; to cut off the ends; to cut off) xviii. Ex. xx. 2 Kings xxiii. 2 Chron. preferred to other ashes, as the glass made
hair or wool; to shear. The phrases, tol XXXVI. with it is perfectly white. Encye.
 POL POL POL
PO'Ly, [L. polium; Gr. rorov, from POLYG/AMOUS, a. Consisting of polyga-| POLYHE'DRON, n. [Gr. 7020s, many, and
PO'LEY, :Ne xonos, white.] A plant. The my. Encye. dpa, side.]
polcy grass is of the genus Lythrum. 2. Inclined to polygamy; having a plurality, 1. In geometry, a body or solid contained un-
POLY, in compound words, is from the of wives. der many sides or planes.
Greek ods, and signifies many; as in POLYG/AMY, n. [Gr. sors, many, and) 2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens con-
polygon, a figure of many angles. vamos, marriage. | sisting of several plane surfaces disposed
POLYACOUS’TI6, a. [Gr. sors, many, A plurality of wives or husbands at the same, in a convex form. Encyc.
and axovw, to hear.] ih time ; or the having of such plurality. POLYL/OGY, n. (Gr. xorg, many, and
That multiplies or magnifies sound; as When aman has more wives than one, or hoyos, discourse. |
a noun, an instrument to multiply sounds. a woman more husbands than one, at the A talking much ; talkativeness; garrulity.
POL/YADELPH, n. (Gr. xoavs, many, and same time, the offender is punishable for [Not in use.| Granger.
adeapos, brother.] ; polygamy. Such is the fact in christian POLYMATH Te, a. [See Polynathy.] Per-
In botany, a plant having its stamens united countries. But polywamy is allowed in taining to polymathy.
in three or more bodies or bundles by the some countries, as in Turkey. POLYMATHY, n. (Gr. xoms, many, and
filaments. : . POL’/YGAR, x. In Hindoostan, an inhabit-) Madnars, learning ;worPave, to learn.|
POLYADELPH'IAN, a. Having its sta- ant of the woods. The knowledge of many arts and sciences;
mens united in three or more bundles. acquaintance with many branches of learn-
POLYAN'DER, n. [Gr. oavs, many, and POLYG/ENOUS, a. [Gr. 0205, many, and) ing or with various subjects.
avnp, a male. | vyevos, kind.] Johnson. Encye.
In botany, a plant having stamens, or Consisting of many kinds ; as a polygenous POL/YMNITE, x. [stone of many marshes. |
many
any uumber above twenty, inserted in the mountain, which is composed ofstrata of}
different species of stone. Kirwan.| A stone marked with dendrites and black
receptacle. , lines, and so disposed as to represent riv-
POLYAN’DRIAN, a. Having many sta- POL/YGLOT, a. [Gr. zoavs, many, and
ers, marshes and ponds. Dict. Nat. Hist.
mens, that is, any number above twenty, yrarra, tongue.]
inserted in the receptacle. Haviug or containing many languages ; as POL/YMORPH, n. [Gr. xoavs, many, and
kopoy, form.]
POLYAN’DRY, n. [supra.] The practice a polyglot lexicon or Bible. |
|A name given by Soldani to a numerous
of females’ having more husbands than POL’YGLOT, n. A book containing many) tribe or series of shells, which are very
one at the same time; plurality of hus- languages, particularly the Bible contain-| small, irregular and singular in form, and
bands. Forster’s: Obs. ing the Seriptures in several languages. which cannot be referred to any known ge-
POL/YANTH, [Gr. xorvs, many, and 2. One who understands many languages. nus. Dict. Nat. Hist.
POLYANTH/OS, § avdos, a flower.] A [.Vot in use.] Howell. POLYMORPH/OUS, a. [supra.] Having
plant of the genus Primula or primrose, POL/YGON, n. [Gr. zoavs, many, and yarce,| many forms. Bigelow.
whose fiower stalks produce flowers in an angle.] | POL‘YNEME, n. A fish having a sealy
elusters. Encye. In geometry, a figure of many angles and compressed head, with a blunt prominent
POLYAUTOG’/RAPHY, n. [Gr. woaus, ma- sides, and whose perimeter consists at nose, and pliform appendages to the pecto-
ny, avros, he himself, and ypapa, to write. least of more than four sides. Encye.| ral fins. Pennant.
The aet or practice of multiplying copies of! |POLYG/ONAL, Having many angles. |POLYNE’SIA, n. s as z. [Gr. onus, many,
one’s own handwriting or of manuscripts, POLYG’/ONOUS, § Lee.| and 1zo0s, isle.]
by engraving on stone; a species of li- /POLYG'ONUM, 0 (Gr. toms, many, and) |A new term in geography, used to designate
thography. Delasteyrie. Med. Repos. iPOL/YGON, § "youu, knee or knot.]| a great number of isles in the Pacific
POL’YEHORD, a. (Gr. zoavs, many, and Knotgrass, a genus of plants so named ocean, as the Pelew isles, the Ladrones,
chord.| from the numerous joints in the stem. the Carolines, the Sandwich isles, the
Having many chords or strings. |POL/YGRAM, n. [Gr. xors, many, and| Marquesas, the Society isles and the
Ch. Relig. Appeal. ypauua, a writing.| A figure consisting of, Friendly isles. De Brosses. Pinkerton.
POL/YCHREST, n. (Gr. zoavs, many, and maty lines. Diet. POLYNE/SIAN, a. Pertaining to Poly-
xpnsos, useful. ] POLYGRAPH, n. [See Polyzraphy.] An nesia.
In pharmacy, a medicine that serves for ma- instrument for multiplying copies ofa wri-| |POL‘YNOME, n. [Gr. xoavs, many, and
ny uses, or that cures many diseases. ting with ease and expedition. ovoua, name. |
Obs. POLYGRAPH T€, — 2? Pertaining to po-| in algebra, a quantity consisting of many
POL/YCHROITE, n. [Gr. oars, many, POLYGRAPIFICAL, § lygraphy ; as a terms.
and xpor8e, to color.} The coloring mat-| polygraphic instrument. POLYNO'MIAT, a. Contaihing many
ter of saffron. Ure. 2. Done with a polygraph; as a polygraphic names or terms.
POLYCOTYL’EDON, vn. (Gr. xoavs, many, copy or writing, POLYON’/OMOUS, a. (Gr. xorvs, many,
and xorvajdur, a cavity.] POLYG’RAPHY, n. [Gr. ors, many, and| and ovoua, name. |
In botany, a plant that kas many or more! ypapn, a writing ; ypape, to write.] | Having many names or titles; many-titled:
than two cotyledons or lobes to the seed.| The art of writing in various ciphers, and of; Sir W. Jones.
Martyn.| deciphering the same. Dict. Encyc. POLYON’OMY, n. [supra.] Variety of dif-
POLYCOTYLED ONOUS, a. Having more} POL/YGYN, n. [Gr. woavs, many, and yvvz,| ferent names. Faber.
than two lobes to the seed. a female. In botany, a plant having many) |POLYOP’TRUM, n. (Gr. modus, many, and
POLYEDRI€, 2? [See Polyhedron and Po- pistils. omronat, to see.
POLYEDROUS., § lyhedral.] POLYGYN'IAN, a. Having many pistils. |A glass through which objects appear mul-
POL/YGAM, [Gr. xoavs, many, and POLYG'YNY, n. [Gr. xoas, many, and tiplied.
POLYGAM IAN, ,Me aos, marriage.| In yun, a female. } IPOL/YPE, - (Gr. xornovs; ro2vs, many,
botany, aplant which bears hermaphrodite The practice of having more wives than one} POL/YPUS, “and ztovs, foot.]
flowers, with male or female flowers, or at the same time. Forster's Obs. 1. Something that has many feet or roots.
both, not inclosed in the same common POLYHA’LITE, a. [Gr. zoavs, many, and 2. In zoology, a species of fresh water insect,
ealyx, but scattered either¢on the same aAs, salt.] belonging to the genus Hydra and order
plant, or on two or three distinct indi- A mineral or salt occurring in masses of a of zoophytes. Of this animal it is re-
dividuals. Martyn. fibrous structure, of a brick red color, be- markable, that if cut into pieces, each part
POLYGAM'AN, a. Producing hermaphro- ing tinged with iron. It contains sul- will shoot out a new head and tail and
dite flowers, with male or female flowers,| phates oflime, of magnesia, of potash and becomea distinct animal. The general
or both. of soda. Cleaveland. character of tkis animal is, it fixes itself
POLYG’AMIST, n. [See Polygamy.) A per- POLYHE’DRAL, [See Polyhedron. ] by its base, is gelatinous, linear, naked,
son who maintains the lawfulness of po-| POLYHE’DROUS, § “ * Having many sides; contractile, and capable of changing place.
lygamy. as a solid body. | Encyc.
 POL POM POM
The common name of all those small a less number than four are called mono- POMEROY, Royal apple; a partic-
gelatinous animals, whose mouth is sur- syllables, dissyllables and trisyllables. POMEROY’AL, ;™ ularpapa sort of saapple. hy
rounded by tentacula or feelers, ference Encye. Ainsworth.
the name,) and conducts to a simple stom- POLYSYN’DETON, n. [Gr. xomovrderos ; PO'ME-WATER, n. A sort of apple.
ach, or one followed by intestines in the moavs, Many, and ovvderos, connecting. | Shak.
form of vessels. They constitute a dis- A figure of rhetoric by which the copulative POMIF’EROUS, a. [L. pomum, an apple,
tinct class or order of zoophytes, and in- is often repeated; as, “we have ships and fero, to produce.]}
clude those compound animals, with a and men and money and stores.” Apple-bearing ; an epithet applied to plants
fixed and solid stem, which were formerly POLYTE€H’NIE€, a. (Gr. zoavs, many, and which bear the larger fruits, such as mel-
regarded as marine plants (Lithophytes.) tExr7, art.] ons, gourds, pumpkins, cucumbers, &c.
Cuvier. Denoting or comprehending many arts ; as in distinction from the bacciferous or ber-
3. A concretion of blood in the heart and a polytechnic school. ry-bearing plants. Ray. Arbuthnot.
blood vessels. Parr. POL/YTHEISM, n. (Fr. polytheisme ; Gr. POMME, In heraldry, a cross with
4. A tumor with a narrow base, somewhat mtoavs, many, and G05, Goc ] POMMETTE, . ‘one or more knobs at
resembling a pear; found in the nose, The doctrine of a plurality of gods or in- each of the ends. Encyc.
uterus, &c. Cooper. visible beings superior to man, and having POMMEL, n. [Fr. pommeau; It. pomo, an
POLYPET’ALOUS, a. [Gr. moms, many, an agency in the government of the world. apple ; pomo della spada, the pommel ofa
and zeraaoy, a petal.} Stillingfleet. hilt; Sp. pomo, L. pomum, an apple, or a
In botany, having many petals ; as a polypet- POL/YTHEIST, n. A person who believes similar fruit ; W. pwmp, a round mass or
alous corol. Martyn. lump.]
in or maintains the doctrine of a plurality 1. Aknob or ball. 2 Chron. iv.
POLY PHON’TE, a. [infra.}] Having or con- of gods. 2. The knob on the hilt of asword; the pro-
sisting of many voices or sounds. Busby. POLYTHEIS’TI€, Pertaining to
tuberant part of a saddle-bow ; the round
POLYPH/ONISM, [Gr. moms, many, POLYTHEIS'TIEAL, §“ polytheism ; as knob on the frame of a chair, &c.
POLYPH’ONY, ; ‘and gwyy, sound.]} polytheistic belief or worship. : POMMEL, v. ¢. [from the noun.] To beat
Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverbera- 2. Holding a plurality of gods; as a poly- as with a pommel, that is, with something
tions of an echo. Derham. theistic writer. Milner. Encye. thick or bulky ; to bruise.
POLYPH’/YLLOUS, a. [Gr. zodvs, many, POMACE®, n. [from L. pomum, an apple, It. (The French se pommeler, to grow dap-
and pvaaor, leaf.] pome, Sp. pomo, Fr. pomme.] ple, to curdle, is from the same source;
In botany, many-leafed; as a polyphyllous The substance of apples or of similar fruit but the sense is to make knobs or lumps,
calyx or perianth. crushed by grinding. In America, it is
and hence to variegate, or make spots like
so called before and after being pressed. knobs. The Welsh have from the saine
POL’/YPIER, n. The name given to the [See Pomp and Pommel.]}
habitations of polypes, or to the common root, or pwmp, a mass, pwmpiaw, to form
POMA’CEOUS, a. Consisting of apples; around mass, and to thump, to bang, Eng.
part of those compound animals called as pomaceous harvests. Philips.
polypes. Dict. Nat. Hist. Cuvier. 2. Like pomace. to bump.]
POL’/YPITE, x. Fossil polype. POMMELED, pp. Beaten; bruised.
POL/YPODE, n. [Gr. xoavs and zovs.] An POMA’DE, n. [Fr. pommade; It. pomata ; 2. In heraldry, having pommels ; as a sword
animal having many feet; the milleped Sp. pomada, either from pomo, fruit, or or dagger.
or wood-louse. Coxe. from perfuming ; poma signifying in Span- POMME’LION, n. [from pommel.] The
ish, a perfume-box.] Perfumed ointment. cascabel or hindmost knob of a cannon.
POLYP/ODY, n. [L. polypodium, from the [Little used.|
Greek. See Palyged Mar. Dict.
A plant of the genus Polypodium, of the or- PO'MANDER, n. [Fr. pomme d’ambre. John- POMP, xn. [L. pompa; Fr. pompe ; Arm.
der of Filices or ferns. The fructifications son.| pomp ; pompadi, to boast; Lt. Sp. pompa;
are in roundish points, scattered over the A sweet ball; a perfumed ball or powder. Sw. pomp ; D. pomp, a pump, and pompoen,
inferior disk of the frons or leaf: There Bacon. Shak. a gourd, a pumpkin; G. pomp, show, and
are numerous species, of which the most POMA’TUM, n. [Fr. pommade ; It. pomata ; pumpe,a pump. These words appear to
remarkable is the common male fern. Sp. pomada. See Pomade.| be all of one family, coinciding with L.
Encye. An unguent or composition used in dressing bombus, Sp. bomba, Eng. bomb, bombast.
the hair. Itis also used in medicine. The radical sense is to swell ordilate ; Gr.
POL/YPOUS, a. [from polypus.| Having Encye. moumn, TOUTELa, mounsve. |
the nature of the polypus; having many
feet or roots, like the polypus; as a poly- POMA’TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the 1. A procession distinguished by ostenta-
pous concretion. Arbuthnot. hair. Dict. tion of grandeur and splendor ; as the
pomp of a Roman triumph.
POL'YS€OPE, n. [Gr. xoavs, many, and} POME, n. [L. pomum.] In botany, a pulpy
oxortew, to view.| pericarp without valves, containing a cap- 2. Show of magnificence ; parade; splen-
sule or core, as the apple, pear, &c. dor.
A glass which makes a single object appear
as many. Dict. Martyn. Hearts formed for love, but doom’d in vain
to glow
POL/YSPAST, n. [Sp. polispastos ; Gr. xoavs, |POME, v. 7. [Fr. pommer.] To grow to a
In prison’d pomp, and weep in splendid woe.
many, and ozaa, to draw.] head, or form a head in growing. [Mot D. Humphreys.
A machine consisting of many pulleys. used. | Dict.
Dict. POMECIT’RON, n. A citron apple. POMPAT'I€, a. [Low L. pompaticus, pom-
POL/YSPERM, x. [Gr. zoavs, many, and patus.]
B. Jonson. Pompous ; splendid ; ostentatious. {JVot in
onepua, seed.]
A tree whose fruit contains many seeds. POMEGRAN/ATE, n. [L. pomum, an ap- use. | Barrow.
ple, and granaltum, grained. See Grain POMP’ET, n. The ball which printers use
Evelyn.
and Granate.] to black the types. Cotgrave.
POLYSPERM/OUS, a. Containing many 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus POM’/PHOLYX, n. (L. from Gr. noupoar€ ;
seeds; as a polyspermous capsule or berry. Punica. This fruit is as large as an moupos, a tumor; zeus, a blast, a pufl, a
Martyn. orange, having a hard rind filled with a bubble, a pustule. See Pomp.]
POLYSYLLAB‘TE, {from polysylla- soft pulp and numerous seeds. It is of a The white oxyd which sublimes during the
POLYSYLLAB/IEAL, ; “ble.| Pertaining reddish color. combustion of zink; called flowers of
to a polysyllable; consisting of many syl- 2. The tree that produces pomegranates. zink. It rises and adheres to the dome of
lables, or of more than three. 3. An ornament resembling a pomegranate, the furnace and the covers of crucibles.
POL/YSYLLABLE, n. [Gr. moavs, many, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish high Hill. Nicholson. Ure.
and ov206y, a syllable.] yriest. POMP'ION, n. [D. pompoen, a pumpkin, a
\ word of many syllables, that is, consisting POMEGRANATE-TREE, — n. The tree | gourd; Sw. pumpa. See Pomp and Pom-
of more syllables than three, for words of| which produces pomegranates. | ace.)
 PON PON POO
A pumpkin; a plant and its fruit of the ge- PON'DERANCE, n. Weight; gravity. PONT'I€, a. [L. Pontus, the Euxine sea,
nus Cucurbita. Gregory. Gr. xovzos.}
POM’PIRE, xn. [L. pomum, apple, and py- PON'DERATE, v.t. To weigh in the mind; Pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black
rus, pear.] A sort of pearmain. to consider. [Vot in use.] Sea. J. Barlow.
Ainsworth. Ch. Relig. Appeal. PONTIF, 2. [F'r. pontife ;L. pontifer ;said
POMPOS'ITY, n. [It. pompositi.] Pomp- PONDERA’TION, n. The act of weighing. to be from pons, a bridge, and facio, to
oushess ; ostentation; boasting. Atkin. |Latlle used.| Arbuthnot. make. }
POMP‘OUS, a. [Fr. pompeux ;It. pomposo.] PON'DERED, pp. Weighed in the mind; A high priest. The Romans had a college
1. Displaying pomp; showy with grandeur; considered ;examined by intellectual op- of pontifs; the Jews had their pontifs ;
splendid ; magnificent ; as a pompous pro- eration. and in modern times, the pope is called
cession ; a pompous triumph. PON'DERER, n. One that weighs in his pontifor sovereign pontif. Encye.
2. Ostentatious ; boastful; as a pompous ac- mind. Whatlock. PONTIF'1€, a. Relating to priests; popish.
count of private adventures. PON’DERING, ppr. Weighing intellectu- Milton. Shenstone.
POMP’OUSLY, adv. With great parade or ally ; considering ; deliberating on. PONTIF'I€AL, a. [L. pontificalis.| Beiong-
display; magnificently ; splendidly ; os- PON DERIN GLY, adv. With consideration ing to a high priest; as pontifical author-
tentatiously. Dryden. or deliberation. Hammond. ity ;hence, belonging to the pope; popish.
POMP’/OUSNESS, n. The state of being PONDEROS‘ITY, n. Weight; gravity; Raleigh.
pompous; magnificence ; splendor ; great heaviness. Brown. Ray. 2. Splendid; magnificent. Shak.
display of show ; ostentatiousness. PON’DEROUS, a. {L. ponderosus; It. Sp. 3. Bridge-building. [JVot used.] Milton.
Addison. Port. ponderoso.} PONTIEF’I€AL, n. A book containing rites
POM’-WATER, n. The name of a large 1. Very heavy; weighty; as a ponderous and ceremonies ecclesiastical.
apple. Dict. shield; a ponderous load. South. Stillingfleet.
POND, n. [Sp. Port. It. pantano, a pool of 2. Important; momentous; as a ponderous 2. The dress and ornaments of a priest or
stagnant water, also in Sp. hinderance, project. [T'his application of the word is bishop. Lowth,
obstacle, difficulty. The name imports unusual. | PONTIFI€AL/ITY, n. The state and gov-
standing water, from setting or confining. 3. Forcible ;strongly impulsive; as a mo- ernment of the pope; the papacy. {.Vot
Tt may be allied to L. pono: Sax. pyndan, tion vehement or ponderous ; a ponderous used. Usher.
to pound, to pen, to restrain, and L. pon- blow. Bacon. Dryden. PONTIF’ICALLY, adv. Ina pontifical man-
tus, the sea, may be of the same family.] Ponderous spar, heavy spar, or baryte. ner.
i . Abody of stagnant water without an out- PON‘DEROUSLY, adv. With great weight. PONTIF’I€CATE, n. [L. pontificatus.] The
let, larger than a puddle, and smaller than PON’DEKOUSNESS, n. Weight; heavi- state or dignity of a high priest; particu-
a lake; ora like body of water with a ness ; gravity. Boyle. larly, the office or dignity of the pope.
small outlet. In the United States, we POND’-WEED, n. [pond and weed.| A plant He turned hermit in the view of being ad-
give this name to collections of water in of the genus Potamogeton. The triple- vanced to the pontificate. Addison.
the interior country, which are fed by headed pond-weed is of the genus Zanni- 2. The reign ofa pope.
springs, and from which issues a small chellia. Painting, sculpture and architecture may all
stream. ‘These ponds are often a mile or PO’NENT, a. [It. ponente, the west; L. po- recover themselves under the present pontifi-
nens, from pono, to set.| cate. Addison.
two or even more in length, and the cur-
rent issuing from them is used to drive Western ; as the ponent winds. [Little used.] PONT IFICE, n. Bridge-work ; structure
the wheels of mills and furnaces. Milton. or edifice of a bridge. [Liltle used.]
2. A collection of water raised in a river by PON’GO, n. A name of the orang outang. Milton.
Dict. Nat. Hist. PONTIFI’CIAL, a. Popish. Burton.
adam, for the purpose of propelling mill-
PONTIFI/CIAN, a. Popish ; papistical.
wheels. These artificial ponds are called The name pongo was applied by Buffon to a
mill-ponds. large species of orang outang, which is Hall.
now ascertained to have been an imagin- PONTIFI’CIAN, vn. One that adheres to
Pond for fish. [See Fish-pond.]
ary animal. Itis applied by Cuvier to the the pope; a papist. Mountague.
POND, v.t. [from the noun.] To make a
largest species of ape known, which in- IPON‘TINE, {L. pontina, a lake.} De-
pond; to collect in a pond by stopping the
current of a river. habits Borneo, and resembles the true POMP’TINE, fa. signating a large marsh
orang outang in its general form and erect between Rome and Naples.
POND, v. t. 'To ponder. [Vol in wse.]
Spenser. position, bur has the cheek pouches and PONT’LEVIS, n. In horsemanship, a disor-
PON'DER, v. t. [L. pondero, from pondo, || lengthened muzzle of the baboon, It has derly resisting of a horse by rearing re-
pondus, a pound ; pendeo, pendo, to weigh 3)| also been applied (Ed. Encyc.) to the Simia peatedly on his hind legs, so as to be in
-- -o troglodytes or chimpanzee of Cuvier, a na- danger of coming over. Bailey.
Pers. era lds pindashatan, and tive of W. Africa. Cuvier. Ed. Encye. |/PONTOON’, n. [Fr. Sp. ponton, from Fr.
PONIARD, 2. pon‘yard. (Fr. poignard ; It. pont, L. pons, a bridge, probably from the
sect Te yi pugnale; Sp. punal ;Port. punhal. There root of pono, to lay.]
1 2354, bandazidan, to think, to is an appearance of the formation of this 1. A’ flat-bottomed boat, whose frame of
word from the name ofthe fist, Fr. poing, wood is covered and lined with tin, or
consider. ] Sp. puno, It. pugno, L. pugnus ; but this covered with copper; used in forming
- To weigh in the mind; to consider and is not obvious. } bridges over rivers for armies. Encye.
compare the circumstances or consequen- A small dagger; a pointed instrument for 2. A lighter; a low flat vessel resembling a
ces of an event, or the importance of the stabbing, borne in the hand or at the barge, furnished with cranes, capstans
reasons for or against a decision. girdle, or inthe pocket. Encye. and other machinery; used in careening
Mary kept all these things, and pondered PONIARD, v. t. pon’yard. To pierce with a ships, chiefly in the Mediterranean.
them in her heart. Luke ii. poniard ; to stab. Mar. Dict.
2. To view with deliberation; to examine. PONK, n. [qu. W. pwea, bwg, a hobgoblin ; Pontoon-bridge, is a bridge formed with pon-
Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov. iv. Ice. puke.} toons, anchored or made fast in two lines,
The Lord pondereth the hearts. Prov. xxi. A nocturnal spirit; a hag. [Not in use.] about five feet asunder. Cyc.
To ponder on, is sometimes used, but is not Shak. Pontoon-carriage, is made with two wheels
to be countenanced. PONT'AGE, x. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge, only, and two long side pieces, whose fore
PON'DERABLE, a. That may be weighed; Sp. puente, W. pont.] j ends are supported by timbers. Cyc.
capable of being weighed. Brown. A duty paid for repairing bridges. Ayliffe. PO'’NY, 2. A small horse.
PON’DERAL, a. [from L. pondus, weight.] PPONTEE,, n. In glass works, an iron in- POOD, n. A Russian weight, equal to 40
Estimated or ascertained by weight, as strument used to stick the glass at the Russian or 36 English pounds.
distinguished from numeral; as a ponderal bottom, for the more convenient fashion- POOL, n. [Sax. pol, pul; D. poel ; G. pfuhl;
drachma. Arbuthnot. ing the neck ofit. cye. Dan. pol; W. pull, a pool or pit; Arm.
 POO POO POP
poul; L. palus ; Gr. mnh0s ; probably from, ble, excellent, proper, or sufficient for its POP, n. [D. poep. The primary sense is to
setting, st anding, like L. stagnum, or from! purpose; 2s a poor pen; a poor ship; a) drive or thrust.]
issuing, as a spring.] poor carriage ; poor fruit ; poor bread ; poor A small smart quick sound or report.
Asmall collection of water in a hollow place, wine, &c. ; Spectator.
supplied by a spring, and discharging its 15. A word of tenderness or pity ;dear. POP, v. i. To enter or issue forth with a
surplus water by an outlet. It is smaller, Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. Prior. quick, sudden motion.
than a lake, and in New England is never 16. A word of slight contempt; wretched. I startled at his popping upon me unexpect-
edly. Addison.
confounded with pond or lake. It signi- | The poor monk never saw many of the de-
fies with us, a spring with a small bason crees and councils he had occasion to use. 2, To dart; to start from place to place sud-
or reservoir on the surface of the earth. 17. The poor, collectively, used as a noun;
Baker. deuly. Suit.
It is used by writers with more latitude, | those who are destitute of property ; the POP, v. t. To thrust or push suddenly with
a quick motion.
and sometimes signifies a body of stag- indigent; the needy; in a legal sense, He popp’d a paper into his hand. Milton.
nant water. Milton. Encye. Bacon.| those who depend on charity or mainten- Did’st thou never pop
POOL, [Fr. poule.] The stakes played, Thy head into a tinman’s shop ? Prior.
ance by the public.
POULE, en.for in certain games of cards.) I have observed the more public provisions To pop off, to thrust away ; to shift off.
Southern. | are made for the poor, the less they provide for Locke.
POOP, n. [Fr. poupe; It. poppa; Sp. popa ; themselves. Franklin. POP, adv. Suddenly ; with sudden entrance
L. puppis ; probably a projection. | Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ; or appearance.
The highest and aftmost part of a ship’s contrite ;abased in one’s own sight by a POPE, n. (Gr. nana, nazinas, xanzos ; Low L.
deck. Mar. Dict. sense of guilt. Matt. v. papa ; Uindoo, bab; Turkish, baba ; Bythin-
POOP, »v. t. To strike upon the stern, as a ‘POOR/JOHN, n. A sort of fish [callarius]) lan, pappas ; Sp. It. Port. papa; Fr. pape ;
heavy sea. of the genus Gadus. Ainsworth. Scythian, papa. The word denotes fath-
2. To strike the stern, as one vessel that 'POOR’LY, adv. Without wealth; in indi-) er, and is among the first words articulat-
runs her stem against another’s stern. gence or want of the conveniences and ed by children.]
Mar. Dict.| comforts of life; as, to live poorly. 1. The bishop of Rome, the head of the
POOPING, n. The shock of a heavy sea on Sidney. catholic church. Encyc.
the stern or quarter of a ship, when scud- 9
a With little or no success; with little 2, A small fish, called also a ruff.
ding ina tempest; also, the action of one growth, profit or advantage; as, wheat Walton.
ship’s running her stem against another’s grows poorly on the Atlantic borders of PO/PEDOM, n. The place, office or dignity
stern. Mar. Dict.|| | New England; these men have succeeded)
of the pope; papal dignity. Shak.
POOR,«a. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre ; Sp. pobre ; poorly in business. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope.
It. povero; Arm. paour ;Norm. pour, pow- (3. Meanly; without spirit. PO'PE-JOAN, n. A game of cards.
er. Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, Jenner.
. Wholly destitute of property, or not hav-) That from his wars they poorly would retire. PO/PELING, n. An adherent of the pope.
ing property sufficient for a comfortable Dryden.
subsistence; needy. It is often synony- 4. Without excellence or dignity. He per- PO’PERY, n. The religion of the church of
mous with indigent, and with necessitous, | forms poorly in elevated characters. Rome, comprehending doctrines and prac-
denoting extreme want; it is also applied POOR’LY, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed ; tices. Swift. Encyc.
to persons who are not entirely destitute), not in health ; a common use of the word in ||PO/PE’S-EYE, n. [pope and eye.| The gland
of property, but are not rich; as a poor America.
surrounded with fat in the middle of the
man or woman; poor people. thigh. Johnson.
For three or four weeks past I have lost
2. In law, so destitute of property as to be ground, having been poorly in health. POP’GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by
entitled to maintenance from the public. Th. Scott. children to shoot wads and make a noise.
3. Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity; Cheyne.
barren; mean; jejune; as a poor compo- POOR’NESS, n. Destitution of property ; POP'INJAY, n. [Sp. papagayo; papa and
sition ; a poor essay ; a poor discourse. indigence ; poverty; want; as the joor-
| ness of the exchequer. gayo; Port. id. ; It. pappagallo.]
4. Destitute of value, worth or importance ; No less | hate him than the gates of hell, 1. A parrot. Grew.
oflittle use ; trifling. That poorness can force an untruth to tell. 2. A woodpecker, a bird with a gay head.
That I have wronged no man, will be a poor | Chapman. Peacham.
plea or apology at the last day. Calamy. [In this sense, we generally use poverty.) The green woodpecker, with a scarlet
5. Paltry; mean; of little value; as a poor 2. Meanness ; lowness; want of dignity ; crown, a native of Europe. Ed. Encyc.
coat; a poor house. as the poorness of language. 3. A gay, trifling young man; a fop or cox-
6. Destitute of fertility ;barren; exhausted ; 3. Want of spirit; as poorness and degene- comb. Shak.
as poor land. The ground is become poor. || racy of spirit. Addison.| PO’PISH, a. Relating to the pope; taught
7. Of little worth; unimportant; as in my 4. Barrenness ; sterility ;as the poorness of) by the pope; pertaining to the pope or to
poor opinion. Swift. land or soil. the church of Rome; as popish tenets or
8. Unhappy ; pitiable. '3. Unproductiveness ;want of the metallic ceremonies.
Vex’d sailors curse the rain substance ; as the poorness of ore. | PO'PISHLY, adv. In a popish manner;
For which poor shepherds pray’d in vain. 6. Smallness or bad quality ; as the poorness| with a tendency to popery; as, to jbe po-
Waller. | of crops or of grain. | pishly affected or inclined.
9, Mean; depressed ; low ; dejected ; desti-)) 7. Want of value or importance; as the POP’LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr. peuplier ; It.
tute of spirit. poorness ofa plea. pioppo; D. populier ;G. pappel, poplar and
8. Want of good qualities, or the proper mallows ; Sw. poppel-trid ; Ir. pobhlar.]
A soothsayer made Antonius believe that
his genius, which was otherwise brave, was, in qualities which constitute a thing good in A tree of the genus Populus, of several spe-
the presence of Octavianus, poor and cowardly. its kind; as the poorness of a ship or of cies, as the abele, the white poplar, the
Bacon. | cloth. black poplar, the aspen-tree, &e. It is
|
10. Lean; emaciated; as a poor horse. The 9. Narrowness; barrenness ; want of ca- | numbered among the aquatic trees.
OX is poor. pacity. Spectator. Encye.
11. Small, or of a bad quality; as a poor Poorness of spirit, in a theological sense, true |POP’LIN, 2. A stuff made of silk and
crop; a poor harvest. humility or contrition of heart on account worsted.
12. Uncomfortable; restless; ill. The pa- of sin. \POPLIT’EAL, {from L. poples, the
tient has had a poor night. POOR-SPIR/ITED, a. Of a mean spirit;)| POPLIT’TE€, } ham.]
13. Destitute of saving grace. Rev. iii. cowardly ; base. Denham. ‘Pertaining to the ham or knee joint.
14. In general, wanting good qualities, or POOR-SPIR/ITEDNESS, n. Meanness or} | Med. Repos.
the qualities which render a thing valua- baseness of spirit ; cowardice. South. 'POPPET. [See Puppet.]
 POP POR POR
POPPY, x. [Sax. popes; W. pabi; Fr. mon conception ; that which is intended POR/CELAIN, x. [Sp. Port. porcelana ; It.
pavot; L. papaver ; It. culmea or adapted to procure the favor of the porcellana, signifying porcelain and purs-
A plant of the genus Papaver, of several eople. [Little used.| Bacon. lain, a plant; Fr. porcelaine, porcelain,
species, from one of which, the somniferum POPULARIZE, v. t. To make popular or the sea-snail, the purple fish, and purs-
or white poppy, is collected opium. This common ; to spread among the people ; as, lain; Arm. pourcelinnen. Our purslain
is the milky juice of the capsule when to popularize philosophy or physics; to is doubtless from the Latin portulaca, as
half grown, which exsudes from incisions popularize a knowledge of chimical princi- Pliny writes it, or porculata, as others
in the cortical part of the capsule, is ples. Beddoes. Ure. write it. But I know not the reason of
scraped off, and worked in an iron pot in |POP/ULARIZED, pp. Made popular, or in- the name.]
the sun’s heat, till it is of a consistence to troduced among the people. 1. The finest species of earthern ware, origin-
form cakes. Encye. POP’ULARIZING, ppr. Making popular, or ally manufactured in China and Japan,
POPULACE, n. (Fr. from the It. popolaccio, introducing among the people. but now made in several European coun-
from L. populus. See People.] POP’ULARLY, adv. In a popular manner ; tries. All earthern wares which are white
The common people ; the vulgar; the mul- so as to please the populace. and semi-transparent, are called porce-
titude, comprehending all persons not dis- The victor knight, lains, but they differ much in their fine-
tinguished by rank, education, office, pro- Bareheaded, popularly low had bow’d. ness and beauty. The porcelain of China
fession or erudition. Pope. Swift. Dryden. is said to be made of two species of earth,
POP'ULACY, 7. The populace or common 2. According to the conceptions of the com- the petuntse, which is fusible, and the ka-
eople. K. Charles. mon people. Brown. olin, which is not fusible, or not with the
POP'ULAR, a. [Fr. populatre ; It. popolare ; POP‘ULATE, v. 7. [It. popolare, from L. degree of heat which fuses the petuntse,
‘Sp. popular ; L. popularis. See People.| populus. | and that in porcelain the substances are
1. Pertaining to the common people ; as the 'To breed people ; to propagate. only semi-vitrified, or one substance only
popular voice ;popular elections. When there be great shoals of people which is vitrified, the other not. Hence it is con-
Sothe popular vote inclines. Milton.) go on to populate. Bacon. cluded that porcelain is an intermediate
2. Suitable to common people ; familiar; POP/ULATE, v. t. To people; to furnish substance between earth and glass. Hence
plain ; easy to be comprehended ; not crit- with inhabitants, either by natural in- the second degree of fusibility, of which
ical or abstruse. | crease, or by immigration or colonization. emollescence is the first, is called by Kir-
Homilies are plain and popular instructions. POPULATE, for populous, is not now in wan the porcelain state.
Hooker. | use. Dict. Nat. Hist. Nicholson.
|
3. Beloved by the people; enjoying the fa- POP/ULATED,
pp. Furnished with inhabit- Kirwan. Encye.
vor of the people; pleasing to people in|) ants; peopled. 2. The plant called purslain, which see.
general ; as a popular governor ; a popular POP'ULATING, ppr. Peopling. Ainsworth.
preacher; a popular ministry ; a popular |POPULA’TION, n. The act or operation of; PORCELLA‘NEOUS, a. [from porcelain.|
discourse; a popular administration ; al) peopling or furnishing with inhabitants ; Pertaining to or resembling porcelain ; as
popular war or peace. Suspect the man multiplication of inhabitants. The value porcellaneous shells. Hatchett.
who endeavors to make that popular which of cur western lands is annually enhanced POR’/CELLANITE, n. A silicious mineral,
is wrong. by population. U. States. a species of jasper, of various colors. It
4. Ambitious ; studious of the favor of the 2. The whole number of people or inhabit- seems to be formed accidentally in coal
people. ants ina country. The population of Eng- mines which have indurated and semi-vit-
A popwar man is in truth no better than a land is estimated at ten millions of souls; rified beds of coal-shale or slate-clay. It
prostitute to common fame and to the people. that of the United States in 1823, was ten is sometimes marked with vegetable im-
Dryden. millions. pressions ofa brick red color.
[This sense is not usual. It is more cus- A country may have a great population, and Kirwan, from Peithner.
tomary to apply this epithet to a person who yet not be populous. Tooke.
Cyc. Cleaveland.
has already gained the favor of the people.| 3. The state of a country with regard to its PORCH, n. [Fr. porche, from L. porticus,
5. Prevailing among the people ; extensively number of inhabitants, or rather with re-
from porta, a gate, entrance or passage,
prevalent; as a popular disease. gard to its numbers compared with their or from portus, a shelter.]
6. In law, a popular action is one which gives expenses, consumption of goods and pro- (1. In architecture, a kind of vestibule sup-
a penalty to the person that sues for the ductions, and earnings. ported by columns at the entrance of tem-
same. Blackstone.|| Neither is the population to be reckoned on- }
ples, halls, churches or other buildings.
{Note. Popular, at least in the United States, ly by number ; for a smaller number that spend
is not synonymous with vulgar; the latter more and earn less, do wear out an estate sooner Encye.
being applied to the lower classes of peo- than a greater number that live lower and gath- 2. A portico; a covered walk.
ple, the illiterate and low bred ; the former is er more. Bacon. 3. By way of distinction, the porch, was a
applied to all classes, or to the body of the peo- POPULOS/‘ITY, x. Populousness. [JVot public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the
ple, including a great portion at least of well used. | Brown. philosopher, taught his disciples. It was
educated citizens.] POP/ULOUS, a. [L. populosus.| Full of in- called xocxay, the painted porch, from the
POPULARITY, n. [L. popularitas.] Favor habitants ; containing many inhabitants in pictures of Polygnotus and other eminent
of the people ; the state of possessing the proportion to the extent of the country. painters, with which it was adorned.
affections and confidence of the people in A territory containing fifteen or twenty Hence, the Porch is equivalent to the school
general; as the popularity of the ministry ; inhabitants to a square mile is not a popu- of the Stoics. Enfield.
the popularity of a public officer or of a lous country. The Netherlands, and some \POR/CINE, a. [L. porcinus, from porcus.
preacher. It is applied also to things; as parts of Italy, containing a bundred and See Pork.|
the popularity of alaw or public measure ; fifty inhabitants to a square mile, are ‘Pertaining to swine ; as the porcine species
the popularity of a book or poem. The deemed populous. of animals. Gregory.
most valuable trait in a patriot’s character POP/ULOUSLY, adv. With many inhabit- POR’CUPINE, x. [It. porco-spinoso, the
is to forbear all improper compliances for ants in proportion to the extent of coun- spinous hog or spine-hog; L. porcus, W.
gaining popularity. try. pore, a pig, and L. spina, a spine or thorn.
I have long since learned the little value POP‘ULOUSNESS, n. The state of having || So in French, pore-epic, the spike-hog ; Sp.
which is to be placed in popularity, acquired many inhabitants in proportion to the ex- puerco-espin ; Port. porco-espinho ; D. yzer-
by any other way than virtue; I have also tent of country. varken, iron-hog ; G. stachelschwein, thorn-
learned that it is often obtained by other means. By populousness, in contradistinetion to pop- swine ; Sw. pinsvin, Dan. pindsviin, pin-
P. Henry, Wirt’s Sketches. ulation, is understood the proportion the num- | swine.]
The man whose ruling principle is duty—is ber bears to the surface of the ground they live ‘In zoology, a quadruped of the genus Hys-
never perplexed with anxious corroding calcu- on. Tooke. trix. Thecrested porcupine has a body
lations of interest and popularity. J. Hawes. POR'€ATED, a. [L. porca, a ridge.| Ridg- about two feet in length, four toes on each
2. Representation suited to vulgar or com- ed; formed in ridges. Asiat. Res. of the fore feet, and five on each of the
Vol. II. 39
 POR POR POR
hind feet, a crested head, a short tail, and PO'RITE, n. plu. porites. A petrified mad-|| gular and granuliform parts, of a color dif-
the upper lip divided like that of the hare. repore. Dict. Nat. Hist.|) ferent from the ground. Dict. Nat. Hist.
The body is covered with prickles which PORK, x. [L. porcus, a hog or pig; Fr. PORPHYRY-SHELL, n. An animal or
are very sharp, and some of them nine or pore; W. pore ; Arm. porcg, porchell. Qu. shell of the genus Murex. It is of the snail
ten inches long; these he can erect at from the shape of his back, L. porca, a kind, the shell consisting of one spiral
pleasure. When attacked, he rolls his ridge; or from his snout and rooting. In valve. From one species of this genus
body into a round form, in which position Sax. berga is abarrow.]| was formerly obtained a liquor that pro-
the prickles are presented in every direc- The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for duced the Tyrian purple.
tion tothe enemy. This species is a na- food. P OR’PITE, The hair-button-stone, a
tive of Africa and Asia. Encyc. /PORK-EATER, x. One that feeds on POR'PITES, ¢” small species of fossil
POR’CUPINE-FISH, x. A fish which is swine’s flesh. Shak.|| coral of a roundish figure, flattened and
covered with spines or prickles. It is of |/PORKER, n. A hog; a pig. [.Vot used in| striated from the center to the circumfer-
the diodon kind, and about fourteen inches America. | Pope.|_ ence; found immersed in stone. —Encye.
in length. Dict. Nat. Hist. PORKET, n. A young hog. Dryden.| PORRA/CEOUS, a. [L. porraceus, from
PORE, n. [Fr. pore; Sp. It. poro; Gr. PORKLING, n. A pig. Tusser. porrum, a leek or onion.] Greenish; re-
nopos, from the root of zopevoucs, to go, to POROSITY, xn. [from porous.] The quali- sembling the leek in color. Wiseman.
ass, Sax. faran, Eng. to fare. See Fare. ty or state of having pores or interstices. PORREE€’TION, n. [L. porrectio, porrigo;
he word then signifies a passage. | Bacon. per or por, Eng. for, fore, and rego, Eng.
1. In anatomy, a minute interstice in the skin PO/ROUS, a. [from pore.] Having inter- to reach.] The act of stretching forth
of an animal, through which the perspira- stices in the skin or substance of the body ;// [.Vot used.]
ble matter passes to the surface or is ex- having spiracles or passages for fluids; POR/RET, n. [L. porrwm ; It. porro, porret-
creted. as a porous skin; porous wood; porous ta,aleek.] A scallion; a leek or small
2. Asmall spiracle, opening or passage in earth. Milton. Chapman. onion. Brown.
other substances; as the pores of plants or| PO/ROUSNESS, n. The quality of having POR’/RIDGE, n. [Qu. pottage, by corrup-
of stones. Quincy. Dryden. pores ; porosity ; as the porousness of the tion, or L. farrago, or from porrum, a leek.}
PORE, v. 7. [Qu. Gr. «pope, spopawe, to in- skin of an animal, or of wood, or of fos- |A kind of food made by boiling meat in wa-
spect. In Sp. porrear is to dwell long on, sils. ter; broth. Johnson.
to persist importunately ;porro, dull; W. 2. The porous parts. [.Vot authorized.] This mixture is usually called in Ameri-
para, to continue, to persevere.) Digby. ca, broth or soup, but not porridge. With
To look with steady continued attention or POR’PESS, n. [It. porco, a hog, and pesce, us, porridge is a mixture of meal or flour,
application. To pore on, is to read or ex- fish ; hog-fish, called by other nations, sea- boiled with water. Perhaps this distinc-
amine with steady perseverance, to dwell) hog, G. meerschwein, Fr. marsouin, Dan. tion is not always observed.
on; and the word seems to be limited in Sw. Norwegian, marsvin, Sw. hafssvin. /POR/RIDGE-POT, n. The pot in which
its application to the slow patient reading In W. morhwc, sea-hog, is the name of the feeb, or flesh and vegetables are boiled for
or examination of books, or something) dolphin and grampus, from the resem- ood.
written or engraved. blance of these animals to the hog, proba- POR'RINGER, n. [Qu. porridge, or Fr.
Painfully to pore upon a book. Shak. bly from the roundness of the back, as potager ; Corn. podzher.]
With sharpened sight pale antiquaries pore. they appear in the water.] (1. A small metal vessel in which children
Pope. ‘In zoology, a cetaceous fish of the genus eat porridge or milk, or used in the nurs-
PO/RE-BLIND, ,a, (Qu. Gr. xapos.] Near-) Delphinus, whose back is usually black-| ery for warming liquors.
PUR’ BLIND, * sighted ; short-sighted.) ish or brown, whence it is called in Dutch, 2. A head-dress in the shape of a porringer ;
Bacon. bruinvisch, brown fish; the body is thick in contempt. Shak.
PO/RER, x. One who pores or studies dili- towards the head, but more slender to- PORT, n. [Fr. from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ;
gently. Temple. wards the tail, which issemi-lunar. This It. porto; Arm. porz; W. porth; from L.
POR’GY, n. A fish of the gilt-head kind. fish preys on other fish, and seeks food porto, to carry, Gr. popew, L. fero, Eng. to
PO‘RINESS, n. [from pory.] The state of] not only by swimming, but by rooting bear. The Welsh porth unites the signi-
being pory or having numerous pores. like a hog in the sand and mud, whence fications of L. porta and portus, and the
Wiseman. some persons suppose the name has been Gr. gopew and zopevouae are probably of
PO/RISM, n. [Gr. xopispos, acquisition,)
given to it. one family. The primary sense of L.
Of cetaceous fish, we met with porpesses, or portus, Eng. port,is probably an entrance,
from xtopfa, to gain, from zopos, a passing ; as some sailors call them, sea-hogs.
mtopevouar, tO pass. |
place of entrance or passage. ]
Kalm’s Travels. . A harbor; a haven; any bay, cove, inlet
In geometry, a name given by ancient ge- /PORPHYRIT'TE, See Porphyry.])) or recess of the sea or of a lake or the
ometers to two classes of propositions. PORPHYRA/CEOUS, § “ Pertaining to mouth ofa river, which ships or vessels
Euclid gave this name to propositions in- porphyry ; resembling porphyry.
volved in others which he was investiga- 2. Containing or composed of porphyry ; as} can enter, and where they can lie safe from
ting, and obtained without a direct view injury by storms. Ports may be natural
porphyraceous mountains. Kirwan.| or artificial, and sometimes works of art,
to their discovery. These he called ac-|| POR/PHYRIZE, v. t. To cause to resem-
as piers and moles, are added to the nat-
quisilions, but such propositions are now ble porphyry ; to make spotted in its com- ural shores of a place to render a harbor
called corollaries. A porism is defined, “ a} position. Cooper.
proposition affirming the possibility of} | POR/PHYRY, n. [Gr. xoppvpa, purple; L. more safe. The word port is generally
finding such conditions as will render aj
applied to spacious narbors much resorted
porphyrites ;Fr. porphyre ; It. Sp. porfido.}| to by ships, as the port of London or of
certain problem indeterminate or capable} A mineral consisting of a homogeneous)
of innumerable solutions.” It is not a Boston, and not to small bays or coves
ground with crystals of some other min-| which are entered occasionally, or in
theorem, nor a problem, or rather it in- eral imbedded, giving to the mass a
eludes both. It asserts that a certain stress of weather only. Harbor includes
speckled complexion. One variety of all places of safety for shipping.
problem may become indeterminate, and Egyptian porphyry has a purple ground,|| . A gate. (L. porta.]
so far it partakes of the nature of a theo- whence the name of the species; but the! From their ivory port the cherubim
rem, and in seeking to discover the con- homogeneous ground with imbedded er Forth issued. Milton.
ditions by which this may be effected, it tals, being allthat is essential to porphyry, . An embrasure or opening in the side ofa
partakes of the nature of a problem. its composition and colors are consequent-| ship of war, through which cannon are
Encyc. ly various. D. Olnsted.| discharged ; a port-hole. Raleigh.
PORIS’TI€, ? Pertaining to a po- Porphyry is very hard, and susceptible) 4. The lid which shuts a port-hole.
PORIS'TIEAL, § “ rism; seeking to de- ofa fine polish. 7‘ Mar. Dict.
termine by what means and in how many Porphyry is composed of paste in which 5. Carriage ; air; mien; manner of move-
ways a problem may be solved. are disseminated a multitude of little an- ment or walk; demeanor; external ap-
 POR POR POR
pearance; asa proud port; the port of a PORTCUL/LIS, v. t. To shut; to bar; to|/PORTGRAVE, L. portus, aport, and
gentleman. obstruct. Shak. PORTGREVE, > n. G. graf, D. graaf, Sax.
Their port was more than human. Milton. PORTCUL’LISED, a. Having a portcullis. PORTREEVE, gerefa, a count, an
With more terrific port Shenstone. earl.]
Thou walkest. Philips. PORTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called Formerly, the chief magistrate of a port er
6. In seamen’s language, the larboard or left from the gate of the Sultan’s palace where maritime town. This officer is now called
side of aship; as in the phrase, “the ship justice is administered; as the Sublime mayor or bailif.
heels to port.” “Port the helm,” is an or- Porte. PORT-HOLE, n. [port and hole.| The em-
der to put the helm to the larboard side. PORTED, a. Having gates. [Not used.| | brasure of a ship of war. [See Port.]
7. A kind of wine made in Portugal; so B. Jonson. PORTICO, n. {It. portico ;L. porticus, from
called from Oporto. J Encye. 2. Borne ina certain or regular order. Jones. porta or portus. |
Port of the vowce, in music, the faculty or PORTEND,, v. t. (L. portendo; por, Eng. In architecture, a kind of gallery on the
habit of making the shakes, passages and fore, and tendo, to stretch.] | ground, or a piazza encompassed with
diminutions, in which the beauty of asong To foreshow ; to foretoken; to indicate}, arches supported by columns: a covered
consists. Encye. something future by previous signs. walk. The roofissometimes flat; some-
PORT, v. t. To carry in form; as ported} A moist and cool summer portends a hard | times vaulted. Encyc.
spears. Milton.| winter. Bacon. PORTION, n. [L. portio, from partio, to di-
2. To turn or put to the left or larboard side) PORTEND’ED, pp. Foreshown; previous- | vide, from pars, part. See Part.|
of a ship. See the noun, No. 6. It is ly indicated by signs. 1. In general, a part of any thing separated
used in the imperative. PORTEND/ING, ppr. Foreshowing. | from it. Hence,
PORTABLE, a. [It. portabile, from L. porto, PORTEN’'SION, n. The act of foreshow- 9~ A part, though not actually divided, but
to carry.] | ing. [Not in use.] Brown.|, considered by itself.
1. That may be carried by the hand or about PORTENT’, n. [L. portentum.] An omen These are parts of his ways, but how little a
the person, on horseback, or in a traveling) of ill; any previous sign or prodigy indi-|) portion is heard of him. Job xxvi.
vehicle; not bulky or heavy ; that may be cating the approach ofevil or calamity. 3. A part assigned; an allotment; a divi-
easily conveyed from place to place with My loss by dire portents the god foretold. | dend.
one’s traveling baggage; as a portable) Dryden.|) How small
bureau or secretary. (PORTENT’OUS,
| a. [L. portentosus.} Omin- A portion to your share would fall. Waller.
2. That may be carried from place to place. | ous; foreshowing ill. Ignorance and su- The priests had a portion assigned them of
3. That may be borne along with one. perstition hold meteors to be portentous. Pharaoh. Gen. xlvii.
The pleasure of the religious man is an easy/| 2- Monstrous; prodigious ; wonderful ; in 4. The part of an estate given to a child or
and portable pleasure. South.| an ill sense. heir, or descending to him by law, and dis-
4. Sufferable ;supportable. [JVot in use.| No beast of more portentous size, tributed to him in the settlement of the
Shak.) In the Hereynian forest lies. | Roscommon.
| estate.
PORTABLENESS, n. The quality of be- PORTER, n. [It. portiere ; Fr. Rane Sp. 5. A wife’s fortune.
ing portable. portero ; from L. porta, a gate.
PORTION, v. t. To divide; to parcel; to
PORTAGE, n. [Fr. See Port.] The act of) 1. A man that has the charge of a door or allot a share or shares.
carrying. gate; a door-keeper. Arbuthnot.
And portion to his tribes the wide domain.
2. The price of carriage. Fell. 2. One that waits at the door to receive mes-}, Pope.
3. A port-hole. [Unusual.] Shak. sages. Pope.||
2. To endow.
4, A carrying place overland between nav- 3. [Fr. porteur, from porter, to carry, L. por- Him portion’d maids, apprentic’d orphans
igable waters. Jefferson. Gallatin. to.| A carrier; a person who carries or || blest. Pope.
PORTAL, n. [It. portella ; Fr. portail.] In conveys burdens for hire. Howell. Watts. PORTIONED, pp. Divided into shares or
architecture, a little gate, where there are 4. A malt liquor which differs from ale and), | parts.
two gates of different dimensions. Encyc.| pale beer, in being made with high dried 2. Endowed; furnished witha portion.
2. A little square corner of a room, separa- malt. PORTIONER, n. One who divides or as-
ted from the rest by a wainscot, and form- PORTERAGE, n. Money charged or paid|| | signs in shares.
ing a short passage into a room. — Encye. for the carriage of burdens by a porter. PORTIONING, ppr. Dividing ; endowing.
3. A kind of arch of joiner’s work before a Tooke. PORTIONIST, x. One who has a certain
door. Encyc. 2. The business of a porter or door-keeper. academical allowance or portion.
4. A gate; an opening for entrance ; as the Churchill.| 2. The incumbent of a benefice which has
ortals of heaven. PORTERLY, a. Coarse; vulgar. [Little), | more rectors or vicars than one.
PORTANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.]| used. | Bray. ae Life of A. Wood.
Air; mien; carriage; port; demeanor. |PORTESSE. [See Portass.] PORTLAND-STONE, n. A compact sand-
[ Obs.] Spenser. Shak. PORT-FIRE, n. A composition for setting | stone from the isle of Portland in Eng-
PORTASS, n. A breviary ; a prayer book, fire to powder, &c. frequently used in| land, which forms a calearious cement.
{portuis, porthose.| {Not used.] preference toa match. It is wet or dry. | Nicholson.
’ Spenser. Camden. Chaucer.) The wet is composed of saltpeter, four (PORTLAST, ;n. The gunwale of a ship.
PORTATIVE, a. [Fr. portatif.} Portable. parts, of sulphur one, and of mealed pow-| PORTOISE,
Not used.] Chaucer. der four; mixed. and _ sifted, moistened To lower the yards a portlast, is to lower
PORT-BAR, n. A bar to secure the ports of) with a little lintseed oil, and well rubbed. | them to the gunwale.
a ship in a gale of wind. The dry is composed of saltpeter, four To ride a portoise, is to have the lower yards
Port-charges, in commerce, charges to which parts, sulphur one, mealed powder two, | and top-masts struck or lowered down,
a ship or its cargo is subjected in a har- and antimony one. These compositions are | when at anchor in a gale of wind.
bor, as wharfage, &c. driven into small papers for use. Encyc.) | Mar. Dict.
PORT-€RAYON, n. A pencil-case. Encyc.|| PORTFOLIO, xn. {[Fr. porte-feuille ; porter, PORTLID, x. The lid that closes a port-
PORTECUL'LIS, x. [coulisse, in French, is to carry, and fewille, a leaf, L. folium.] | hole. Mar. Dict.
from couler, to flow or slip down. It sig- A case of the size of a large book, to keep PORTLINESS, n. [from portly.] Dignity of
nifies a groove or gutter. I think it cannot loose papers in. | mien or of personal appearance, consist-
be from L. clausus.] To have or hold the portfolio, is to hold the | ing in size and symmetry of body, with
In fortification, an assemblage of timbers office of minister of foreign affairs. | dignified manners and demeanor.
joined across one another, like those ofa E. Everett. | Camden.
harrow, and each pointed with iron; bung PORTGLAVE, x. (Fr. porter, to carry, and PORTLY, a. [from port.] Grand or dignifi-
over the gateway of a fortified town, to W. glaiv, a crooked sword ; laiv, a shave, | ed in mien; of a noble appearance and
be let down in case of surprise, to prevent Celtic.] A sword-bearer. [Not in use.] carriage. Shak.
the entrance of an enemy. Encye. Ainsworth.| (2. Bulky; corpulent. Shak.
 POS POS POS
PORT-MAN, n. [port and man.] An mhab- collect, coagulate. Class Bs. No. 24. See Some positive persisting fops we know,
itaut or burgess, as ofa cinque port. also Ar. No. 21. 31. and No. 32. 33. 35. That, ifonce wrong, will needs be always so.
PORTMAN’TEAU, xn. [Fr. porte-manteau,) and others in that class.] Pope.
from porter, to carry, and manteau, all. To puzzle, [a word of the same origin ;] 7. Settled by arbitrary appointment; oppos-
a cioke, L. mantele, It. mantello. It is often to set; to put to a stand or stop; to ed to natural or inbred.
pronounced portmantle. | i gravel. , In laws, that which is natural, bindeth uni-
A bag usually made of lether, for carrying Learning was pos’d, philosophy was set. versally ; that which is positive, not so.
apparel and other furniture on journeys, Herbert. Hooker.
particularly on horseback. I design not to pose them with those common Although no laws but positive are mutable.
enigmas of magnetism. Glanville. yet all are not mutable which are positive.
PORT-MOTE, n. [port and Sax. mot, a
meeting.} Anciently, a court held in a
2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking) Hooker.
difficult questions; to set by questions ; 8. Having power to act directly ;as a posi-
ort town. Blackstone.
hence, to interrogate closely, or with a) tive voice in legislation. Suit.
PORTOISE. [See Portlast.} view to scrutiny. Bacon. Positive degree, in grammar, is the state of
PORTRAIT, n. (Fr. portrait, from portraire, PO'SED, pp. Puzzled; put to a stand; in-|
to draw, Eng. to portray ;pour, Eng. for, an adjective which denotes simple or ab-
terrogated closely. solute quality, without comparison or re-
fore, and traire, L. trahere, Eng. to draw;
Arm. pourtrezi. The Italian is ritratto, Sp. PO‘/SER, n. One that puzzles by asking. lation to increase or diminution ; as wise.
dificult questions; a close examiner. | noble.
Port. retrato, from L. re and tracto.| PO/SING, ppr. Puzzling; putting to a Positive electricity, according to Dr. Frank-
A picture or representation of a person, and stand ; questioning closely.
especially ofa face, drawn from the life. lin, consists in a superabundance of the
In portraits, the grace, and we may add, POSITED, a. [L. positus, from pono, to fluid in a substance. Others suppose it to
the likeness, consist more in the general air put; probably however, pono is a differ- consist in a tendency of the fluid outwards.
than in the exact similitude of every feature. ent root, and positus from the root of pose.] It is not certain in what consists the dif-
Reynolds. Put; set; placed. Hale.
ference between positive and negative elec-
PORTRAIT, v. t. To portray; to draw. POSITION, x. [L. positio, from positus. tricity. Positive electricity being produc-
[.Vot used.| Spenser. See Pose and Posited.}
ed by rubbing glass, is called the vitreous ;
PORTRAITURE, x. [Fr.] A portrait 5}. State of being placed; situation ; often negative electricity, produced by rubbing
ainted resemblance. Milton. Pope. with reference to other objects, or to dif-
amber or resin, is called the resinous.
PORTRA’Y, v. t. [Fr. portraire. See Por- ferent parts of the same object.
We have different prospects of the same Encyc.
trait.)
1. To paint or draw the likeness of any thing according to our different positions to it. | POSITIVE, n. What is capable of being
Locke. affirmed; reality. South.
thing in colors; as, to portray a king on
horseback ; to portray a city or temple 2. Manner of standing or being placed; at- 2. ment. That which settles by absolute appoint-
Waterland.
titude ; as an inclining position. |
with a pencil or with chalk.
2. To describe in words. It belongs to the 3. Principle laid down ; proposition advane- 3. In grammar, a word that affirms or as-
historian to portray the character of Al- ed or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stat-) serts existence. Harris.
exander of Russia. Homer portrays the| ed asthe ground of reasoning, or to be) POSITIVELY, adv. Absolutely ; by itself,
character and achievments of his heroes proved. | independent of any thing else; not com-
Let not the proof of any position depend on, paratively.
in glowing colors. the positions that follow, but always on those!
3. To adorn with pictures; as shields por- Good and evil removed may be esteemed
which precede. Watts. good or evil comparatively, and not positively
trayed. Milton.|\4 . The advancement of any principle.
or simply. Bacon.
PORTRAYED, pp. Painted or drawn to) Brown.
the life ; described. |2. Not negatively ; really; in its own na-
a . State; condition.
PORTRA‘YER, n. One who paints, draws Great Britain, at the peace of 1763, stood in
ture ; directly; inherently. A thing is
to the life or describes. a position to prescribe her own terms. —.mes.| positively good, when it produces happi-
PORTRA/YING, ppr. Painting or drawing)6, In grammar, the state of a vowel placed) ness by its own qualities or operation. It
the likeness of; describing. between two consonants, as in pompous,| is negatively good, when it prevents an
PORTRESS, [from porter.] A female or before a double consonant, as in azle.||, evil, or does not produce it.
PORTERESS, i * guardian of a gate. In prosody, vowels are said to be long or 3. Certainly ; indubitably. This is positively
Milton. short by position. your handwriting.
PORTREVE, n. [The modern orthogra- POSITIONAL, a. Respecting position.| 4. Directly; explicitly; expressly. The wit-
phy ofportgreve, which see.] {Not used.} Brown. ness testified positively to the fact.
The chief magistrate of a port or maritime POSITIVE, a. [It. positive; Fr. positif ;||>- Peremptorily ; in strong terms.
town. Low L. positivus.] The divine law positively requires humility
PORT-ROPE, x. A rope to draw up a 1. Properly, set; laid down; expressed 5} and meekness. Sprat.
portlid. Mar. Dict. direct ;explicit; opposed to implied; as, 6. With full confidence or assurance. I
POR/’WIGLE, xn. A tadpole; a young he told us in positive words; we have his) cannot speak positively in regard to the
frog. [Not used.] Brown. positive declaration to the fact; the testi- fact.
PORY, «a. [from pore.] Full of pores or mony is positive. Positively electrified, in the science of elec-
small interstices. "
Dryden.|\2. Absolute ; express ; not admitting any tricity. A body is said to be positively
POSE, n. sas z. [See the Verb.] In herald- condition or discretion. The commands) electrified or charged with electric matter,
ry, a lion, horse or other beast standing of the admiral are positive. when it contains a superabundance of the
still, with all his feet on the ground. 3. Absolute ;real; existing in fact ;opposed fluid, and negatively electrified or charged,
Encyc. to negative; as positive good, which exists when some part of the fluid whieh it
POSE, n. sasz. [Sax. gepose.] A stuffing by itself, whereas negative good is merely naturally contains, has been taken from it.
of the head ; catarrh. Obs. Chaucer. the absence of evil; or opposed to relative Franklin.
POSE, v.t. s as z. [W. posiaw, to pose, to or arbitrary, as beauty is not a positive According to other theorists, when the
make an increment, to gather knowledge, thing, but depends on the different tastes electric fluid is directed outwards from a
to investigate, to interrogate ;pos, a heap, of people. Locke. Encyc. body, the substance is electrified positively ;
increment, growth, increase; posel, cur-||4. Direct; express; opposed to circumstan- but when it is entering or has a tendency
dled milk, posset ; Sax. gepose, heaviness, tial; as positive proof. Blackstone. to enter another substance, the body is
stuffing of the head. The primary sense}l5, . Confident; fully assured; applied to per-| supposed to be negatively electrified. The
is to set or fix, from thrusting or pressing, sons. The witness is very positive that he two species of electricity attract each
L. posui, Sp. posar, Fr. poser ;hence the is correct in his testimony. other, and each repels its own kind.
sense of collecting into a lump or fixed||6 . Dogmatic; over-confident in opinion or POS/ITIVENESS, ». Actualness; reality
mass, Ch. and Syr. y3n to press, compress, assertion. of existence; not mere negation.
 POS POS POS

The positiveness of sins of commission lies Beware what spirit rages in your breast ; POSSES’'SIONER, n. One that has pos-
both in the habitude of the will and in the exe- For ten inspired, ten thousand are possess’d. session ofa thing, or power over it. [Lat-
cuted act too; the positiveness of sins of omis- Roscommon. tle used.] Sidney.
sion is in the habitude of the will only. [ 6. To affect by some power. POSSESSIVE, a. [L. possessivus.] Per-
F Norris. Let not your ears despise my tongue, taining to possession ;having possession.
©, Undoubting assurance ; full confidence ; Which shall possess them with the heaviest Possessive case, in English grammar, is the
peremptoriness; as, the man related
the sound genitive case, or case of nouns and pro-
facts with positiveness. In matters 0 That ever yet they heard. Swift. nouns, which expresses, Ist, pussession,
opinion, positiveness is not an indication of To possess of, or with, more properly to possess ownership, as John’s book ; or 2dly, some
prudence. of, is to give possession, command or oc- relation of one thing to another, as Ho-
POSITIVITY, 7. Peremptoriness. [Vol cupancy. mer’s admirers.
used. } Watts. Of fortune’s favor long possess’d. Dryden. POSSESS/OR, n. An occupant; one that
POSITURE, for posture, is not in use. [See This possesses us of the most valuable bless- has possession ; a person who holds in bis
Posture.] . ing of human life, friendship. hands or power any species of property,
[W. posned, from posiaw. Gov. of the Tongue. real or personal. 'The owner or proprie-
POS'NET, n.
See Pose.] ; To possess one’s self of, to take or gain pos- tor of property is the permanent possessor
A little basin; a porringer, skillet or sauce- session or command; to make one’s self] by legal right; the lessee of land and the
pan... Owen. master of. bailee of goods are temporary possessors
POSOLOG'I€AL, a. Pertaining to posolo- We possessed ourselves of the kingdom of Na- by right; the disseizor of land and the
ples. Addison. thief are wrongful possessors.
POSOL/OGY, n. [Gr. xo00s, how much, To possess with, to furnish or fill with some- . One that has, holds or enjoys any good or
and aoyos, discourse. ] thing permanent; or to be retained. other thing.
In medicine, the science or doctrine of doses. It is of unspeakable advantage to possess our Think of the happiness of the prophets and
Amer. Dispensatory. minds with an habitual good intention. apostles, saints and martyrs, possessors of eter-
POS'POLITE, n. A kind of militia in Po- Addison. nal glory. Law.
land, consisting of the gentry, who in case If they are possessed with honest minds. POSSESS’ORY, a. Having possession; as
Addison.
of invasion, are summoned to arms for a possessory lord. Howell.
the defense of the country. Coxe. POSSESS’/ED, pp. Held by lawful title; Possessory action, in law, an action or suit
Posse comitatus, in law, the power of the occupied; enjoyed; affected by demons in which the right of possession only, and
country, or the citizens, who are summon- or invisible agents. not that of property, is contested.
ed to assist an officer in suppressing a, POSSESSING, ppr. Having or holding by Blackstone.
riot, or executing any legal precept absolute right or title; occupying ; enjoy- POS/SET, n. [W. posel, from the root of
which is forcibly opposed. The word ing. pose, W. posiaw, to gather. ‘The L. posca
comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone POSSES’SION, x. The having, holding or may have the same origin.]
is used in the same sense. Blackstone. detention of property in one’s power or Milk curdled with wine or other liquor.
2. In low language, a number or crowd of command ; actual seizin or occupancy, Dryden. Arbuthnot.
people ; a rabble. either rightful or wrongful. One man POS’/SET, v. ¢. To curdle; to turn. Shak.
POSSESS, v. t. [L. possessus, possideo, a may have the possession of a thing, and POSSIBILITY, x. [from possible; Fr.
compound of po, a Russian preposition, another may have the right of possession possibilité.|
erhaps by, and sedeo, to sit; to sitin or on. or property. The power of being or existing ; the power
e have this word from the Latin, but If the possession is severed from the property ; of happening ; the state of being possible.
the same compound is in our mother if A has the right of property, and B by unlawful It often implies improbability or great un-
tongue, Sax. besittan, to possess; be, by, means has gained possession, this is an injury to certainty. There is a possibility that a
and sittan, to sit; gesiltan, besettan, geset- A. This is a bare or naked possession. new star may appear this night. There is
Blackstone.
tan, are also used; D. bezilten; G. besttz- a possibility of ahard frost in July in our
en; Dan. besidder; Sw. besitta; Fr. pos- In bailment, the bailee, who receives goods latitude. It is not expedient to hazard
seder; Arm. poczedi; Sp. poseer; It. pos- to convey, or to keep for a time, has the much on the bare possibility of success.
sedere.| possession of the goods, and a temporary It is prudent to reduce contracts to writ-
1. To have the just and legal title, owner- right over them, but not the property. ing, and to render them so explicit as to
ship or property of a thing; to own; to Property in possession, includes both the preclude the possibility of mistake or con-
hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, right and the occupation. Long undis- troversy-
or to hold both the title and the thing. A turbed possession is presuinptive proof of POS'SIBLE, a. [Fr. ; It. possibile; Sp. pos-
man may possess the farm which he culti- right or property in the possessor. ible ; from L. possibilis, trom posse. See
vates, or he may possess an estate in a 2. The thing possessed; land, estate or Power.|
foreign country, not in his own occupation. goods owned ; as foreign possessions. That may be or exist; that may be now, or
He may possess many farms which are| The house of Jacob shall possess their pos- may happen or come to pass; that may
occupied by tenants. In this as in other sessions. Obad. 17. be done; not contrary to the nature of
cases, the original sense of the word is en-| When the young man heard that saying, he things. Itis possible that the Greeks and
larged, the holding or tenure being appli- went away sorrowful, for he had great possess- Turks may now be engaged in battle. It
ed to the title or right, as well as to the ions. Matt. xix. is possible the peace of Europe may con-
thing itself. | 3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. tinue acentury. It is not physically pos-
2, To hold; to occupy without title or own- Christian peace of mind is the best pos- sible that a stream should ascend a moun-
ership. session of life. tain, but itis possible that the Supreme Be-
1 raise up the Chaldeans, to possess the 4. The state of being under the power of] ing may suspend a law of nature, that is,
dwelling-places that are not theirs. Hab. i. demons oy invisible beings ; madness ; lu- his usual course of proceeding. It is not
Neither said any of them that aught of the possible that 2 and 8 should be 7, or that
nacy; as demoniacal possession.
things which he possessed was his own. Acts the same action should be morally right
iv. Writ of possession, a precept directing a
3. To have; to occupy. The love of the sherif to put a person in peaceable pos- and morally wrong.
session of property recovered in eject- This word when pronounced with a
world usually possesses the heart.
ment. Blackstone. certain emphasis, implies improbability. A
4, To seize ; to gain; to obtain the occupa-
To take possession, to enter on, or to bring thing is possible, but very improbable.
tion of. POS/SIBLY, adv. By any power, moral or
The English marched towards the river Eske, within one’s power or occupancy.
intending to possess a hill called Under-Eske. To give possession, to put in another’s pow- physical, really existing. Learn all that
Hayward, er or occupancy. can possibly be known.
5. To have power over; as an invisible POSSES’SION, v. ¢. To invest with prop- Can we possibly his love desert? Milton.
agent or spirit. Luke viii. erty. [Not used.] Carew. 2. Perhaps; without absurdity.
 POS POS POS
Arbitrary power tends to make a man a bad 5. In book-keeping, to carry accounts from 1. Primarily, a back door or gate ; a private
sovereign, who might possibly have been a the waste-book or journal to the ledger. entrance ; hence, any small door or gate.
good one, had he been invested with authority To post off, to put off; to delay. {Not aged] Dryden. Locke.
circumscribed by laws. Addison. Shak .|(2. In fortification, asmall gate, usually in the
POST, a. [from Fr. aposter.] Suborned ;||POST, a Latin preposition, signifying after. angle of the flank of a bastion, or in that
hired to do what is wrong. [Not in use.] It is used in this sense in ¢omposition in of the curtain or near the orillon, descend-
Sandys. many English words. ing into the diteh. Encyc.
POST, n. [W. post; D. Dan. Sw. post; G. POSTABLE, a. That may be carried. [/Vot POSTERN, a. Back ; being behind ; pri-
pfoste, posten, and post; Fr. poste; Sp. used. Mountague. vate. Dryden.
poste, posta; It. posta, posto; L. posts, POSTAGE, n. The price established by POST-EXIST’ENCE, n. Subsequent or
from positus, the given participle of pono, law to be paid for the conveyance of a let- future existence. Addison.
to place, but coinciding with Sp. posar, ter in a public mail. POST-FINE, n. In English law, a fine due
It. posare, to put or set.] 2. A portage. [JVot used.] Smollet. to the king by prerogative, after a licentia
1. A piece of timber set upright, usually POSTBOY, n. A boy that rides as post; a concordandi given in a fine of lands and
larger than a stake, and intended to sup- courier. Tatler. tenements ; called also the king’s silver.
port something else; as the posts of a POST-GHAISE, x. [See Chaise.] A car- Blackstone.
house; the posts of adoor ; the posts of a riage with four wheels for the conveyance POSTFIX, n. [L. post, after, and jfix.] In
gate ; the posts of a fence. of travelers. grammar, a ietter, syllable or word added
2, A military station; the place where a sin- POSTDA‘TE, v. t. [L. post, after, and date, to the end of another word; a suffix.
gle soldier or a body of troops is station- L. datum.| Parkhurst.
ed. The sentinel must not desert his post. To date after the real time ; as, to postdate a POSTFIX’, v. t. To add or annex a letter,
The troops are ordered to defend the post. contract, that is, to date it after the true syllable or word, to the end of another or
Hence, time of making the contract. principal word. Parkhurst.
3. The troops stationed in a particular place, POSTDILU VIAL, [L. post, after, and POSTFIX’ED, pp. Added to the end of a
or the ground they occupy. POSTDILU’VIAN, ;4 ‘diluvium, the del- word.
Marshall. Encyc. uge. POSTFIX/ING, ppr. Adding to the end of
4. A public office or employment, that is, a Being imhappening posterior to the flood in a word. k
fixed place or station. Noah’s days. Woodward. Buckland.
POST-HACK’NEY, n. [post and hackney.]
When vice prevails and impious men bear /POSTDILU’VIAN, n. A person who lived
A hired posthorse. Wotton.
sway, after the flood, or who has lived since
The post of honor is a private station. \POST-HASTE, n. Haste or speed in travel-
that event. Grew.
Addison. POST-DISSE/IZIN, ing, like that of apost or courier. — Shak.
n. A subsequent dis- POST-HASTE, adv. With speed or expedi-
A messenger or a carrier of letters and seizin. A writ of post-disseizin is intend-
papers; one that goes at stated times to tion. He traveled post-haste, that is, by an
ed to put in possession a person who has
convey the mail ordispatches. This sense ellipsis, with post-haste.
been disseized after a judgment to recov-
also denotes fixedness, either from the er the same lands of the same person, un- POST-HORSE, n. A horse stationed for the
practice of using relays of horses stationed der the statute of Merton. Blackstone. use of couriers. Sidney.
at particular places, or of stationing men POST-DISSE/IZOR, n. A person who dis- POST-HOUSE, n. A house where a post-
for carrying dispatches, or from the fixed seizes another of lands which he had be- office is kept for receiving and dispatch-
stages where they were to be supplied with fore recovered of the same person. ing letters by public mails ; a post-office.
refreshment. [See Stage.] Xenophon in- Blackstone. [The latter word is now in general use.]
forms us that Cyrus, king of Persia, es- POSTEA, n. [L.] The record of what is POST’HUME, a. Posthumous. [JVot used.]
tablished such stations or houses. done in a cause subsequent to the joining Watts.
6. A seat or situation. Burnet. of issue and awarding oftrial. POST’HUMOUS, a. [L. post, after, and hu-
7. A sort of writing paper, such as is used Blackstone. mus, earth; humatus, buried. }
for letters ; letter paper. POSTED, pp. Placed; stationed. 1. Born after the death of the father, or ta-
8. An old game at cards. 2. Exposed on a post or by public notice. ken from the dead body of the mother;
To ride post, to be employed to carry dis- 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts. as a posthumous son or daughter.
patches and papers, and as such carriers POSTER, n. One who posts; also, a cour- Blackstone.
rode in haste, hence the phrase signifies ier; one that travels expeditiously. 2. Published after the death of the author;
to ride in haste, to pass with expedition. POSTE’RIOR, a. [from L. posterus, from as posthumous works.
Post is used also adverbially, for swiftly, post, after ; Fr. posterieur.] 3. Being after one’s decease ; as a posthumous
expeditiously, or expressly. 1. Later or subsequent in time. character. Addison.
Sent from Media post to Egypt. Milton. Hesiod was posterior to Homer. — Broome. POST’/HUMOUSLY, adv. After one’s de-
Hence, to travel post, is to travel expedi- 2. Later in the order of proceeding or moy- cease.
tiously by the use of fresh horses taken at ing ; coming after. [Unfrequent.] POSTIE€, a. [L. posticus.] Backward.
[Not
certain stations. POSTERIORITY, x. used. |
[Fr. posteriorité.] Brown,
Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired The state of being later or subsequent; as POS'TIL, n. [It. postilla ;Sp. postila ;from
to do a bad action. posteriorily of time or of an event; oppos- L. post.]
POST, v.i. [Fr. poster; Sp. postear.] To ed to priority. Hale. A marginal note; originally, a note in the
travel with speed. POSTE’/RIORS, n. plu. The hinder parts margin of the Bible, so called because
And post o’er land and ocean without rest. of an animal body. Swift. written after the text. Encyc.
Milton. POSTERITY, n. [Fr. posterité ; L. posteri- POS'TIL, v.t. [It. postillare.] To write
POST, v. t. To fix to a post; as, to posta tas, from posterus, from post, after. | marginal notes; to gloss; to illustrate
notification. 1. Descendants ; children, children’s child- with marginal notes. Bacon.
2. To expose to publie reproach by fixing &c. indefinitely ;the race that pro- POS/TILER,
ren, ». One who writes margin-
the name toa post; to expose ceeds from a progenitor. 'The whole hu-
to oppro- al notes; one who illustrates the text ofa
brium by some public action; as, to post a man race are the posterity of Adam. book by notes in the margin.
coward. J. In a general sense, succeeding genera- POSTILLION, xn. postil/yon. [Fr. postillon, a
3. To advertise on a post or in a public tions; opposed to ancestors. postboy, from poste.]
place ; as, to post a stray horse. To the unhappy that unjustly bleed, One that rides and guides the first pair of
Laws of New England. Heav’n gives posterity t avenge the deed. horses in a coach or other carriage; also,
4. To set;to place; to station; as, to post) Pope. one that rides one of the horses, when one
| ,
troops on a hill, or in front or on the flank [POSTERN, n. [Er. eee for posterne, pair only is used, either in a coach or post-
ofan army. from L. post, behind. chaise.
 POS P£oO's Pot
POSTING, ppr. Setting up on a post; ex- All other considerations should give way and such as are assumed or learnt for partieu-
posing the name or character to reproach be postponed to this. Locke. lar purposes, or in particular occupations,
by public advertisement. POSTPO'NED, pp. Delayed ; deferred toa as in dancing, fencing, &c.
2. Placing ; stationing. future time ; set below in value. | Addison. Encye.
3. Transferring accounts toaledger. | POSTPO'NEMENT, n. The act of defer-|, 2. Situation ; condition; particular state
POSTLIMIN‘IAR, [See Postlimini- ring to a future time ; temporary delay of with regard to something else ; as the
POSTLIMIN LOLS, ¢* um.| Contrived, business. T. Pickering. Kent. posture of public affairs before or after a
done or existing subsequently ;as a post- POSTPO/NENECE, n. Dislike. [JVot in use.] war.
liminious application. Johnson. 3. Situation of the body ; as an abject pos-
POSTLIMIN‘IUM, 2, [L. post, after, and POSTPO‘/NING, ppr. Deferring to a future ture. Milton.
POSTLIM'INY, ‘ *limen, end, limit.] time. 4, State; condition. The fort isin a posture
Postliminium, among the Romans, was the POSTPOSI’TION, n. [post and position.] of defense.
return of a person to his own country who The state of being put back or out of the 5. The situation or disposition of the seve-
had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, regular place. Mede. ral parts of the body with respect to each
or had been banished or taken by an ene- POSTREMO'TE, a. [post and remote.)| other, or with respect to a particular pur-
my. More remote in subsequent time or order, pose.
In the modern law of nations, the right i Darwin. He casts
of postliminy is that by virtue of which, POSTSERIPT, n. [L. post, after, and scrip-| His eyes against the moon in most strange
persons and things taken by an enemy in postures. Shak.
tum, written.] | The posture of a poetic figure is the deserip-
war, are restored to their former state, A paragraph added to a letter after it is con-
tion of the heroes in the performance of such
when coming again under the power of] cluded and signed by the writer; or any, or such an action. Dryden.
the nation to which they belonged. The addition made to a book or composition 6. Disposition ; frame; as the posture of the
sovereign of a country is bound to protect after it had been supposed to be finished, | soul. Bailey.
the person and the property of his sub- containing something omitted, or some- POS/TURE, v.t. To place in a particular
jects ; and a subject who has suffered the thing new occurring to the writer. manner; to dispose. the parts of a body
loss of his property by the violence of war, Locke. Addison.| for a particular purpose.
on being restored to his country, can POST-TOWN, 2x. A town in which a post- He was raw with posturing himself accord-
claim to be re-established in all his rights, | office is established by law. ing to the direction of the chiruigeons.
and to recover his property. But this 2. A town in which post-horses are kept. Brook.
right does not extend, in all cases, to per- POS/TULANT, n. [See Postulate.] One) POS’TURE-MASTER, n. One that teaches
sonal effects or movables, on account of who makes demand. | or practices artificial postures of the body.
the difficulty of ascertaining their identity. |POS'TULATE, n. [L.postulatum, from pos- | Spectator.
Vattel. Du Ponceau. tulo, to demand, from the root of posco, to | PO'SY, n. sasz.
|
[Qu. poesy; or a collec-
POSTMAN, n. A post or courier; a letter- ask or demand. The sense is to urge or | uon, a cluster, from the W. posiaw, to col-
carrier. Granger.| push. | lect. See Pose.)
POSTMARK, nx. The mark or stamp of a A position or supposition assumed without; 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, &e.
ost-office on a letter. {|
proof, or one which is considered as self-, Addison.
POSTMASTER, x. The officer who has evident, or too plain to require illustration. |2. A bunch of flowers. Spenser.
the superintendence and direction of a) Encyc.) |POT, n. [Fr. pot; Arm. pod; Ir. pota; Sw.
post-office. | A self-evident problem, answering to! potta ;Dan. potte; W. pot, a pot, and po-
Postmaster-general, is the chief officer ofthe; axiom, which is a self-evident theorem. tel, a bottle ; poten, a pudding, the paunch,
post-office department, whose duty is to D. Olmsted. something bulging ; D. pot, a pot, a stake,
mike contracts for the conveyance of the, POS'TULATE, v.¢t. [supra.] To beg or| a hoard ; potten, to hoard.]
public mails and see that they are execu-| assume without proof. {Little used.] 1.
| A vessel more deep than broad, made of
ted, and who receives the moneys. arising} Brown. earth, or iron or other metal, used for sev-
from the postage of letters, pays the ex- 2. To invite; to solicit; to require by en- eral domestic purposes; as an iron pot,
penses, keeps the accounts of the oftice,) treaty. Burnet., for boiling meat or vegetables ; a pot for
and superintends the whole department.) 3. To assume; to take without positive| holding liquors ; a cup, as a pot of ale; an
POSTMERID‘IAN, a. [L. postmeridianus.| consent. ceenere pot for plants, called a flower pot,
See Meridian. | | The Byzantine emperors appear to have ex-! EC.
Being or belonging to the. afternoon ; as ercised, or at least to have postulated a sort of|2. A sort of paper of small sized sheets.
postmeridian sleep. Bacon. paramount supremacy over this nation. To go to pot, to be destreyed, ruined, wasted
POSTNATE, a. {L. post, after, and natus, Tooke.| or expended. [.2 low phrase.]
born.} Subsequent. [Little used.| POSTULA’TION, xn. [L. postulatio.| The) POT, v.t. To preserve seasoned in pots;
Taylor. act of supposing without proof; gratui- as potted fow] and fish. Dryden.
POST-NOTE, x. [post and note.) In com-| tous assumption. Hale.|| 2. To inclose or cover in pots of earth.
merce, a bank note intended to be trans- 2. Supplication ; intercession ; also, suit ; Mortimer.
mitted to a distant place by the public cause. Pearson. Burnet. 3. To put in casks for draining; as, to pot
mail, and made payable to order. In this POS’/TULATORY, a. Assuming without) sugar, by taking it from the cooler aud pla-
it differs from a common bank note, which proof. | cing it in hogsheads with perforated
is payable to the bearer. \2. Assumed without proof. Brown. heads, from which the melasses perco-
|
POST-OFFICE, n. An cflice or house POSTULA’TUM, n. [L.] A postulate, which: lates through the spungy stalk of a plan-
where letters are received for delivery to see. Addison.| tain leaf. Edwards, W. Indies.
the persons to whom they are addressed, POS’TURE, n. [Fr. from L. positura;po-| PO’'TABLE, a. [Fr.; Low L. potabilis ; It.
or to be transmitted to other places in the no, positus.| . potabile; from L. poto, to drink ; potus,
public mails ; a post-house. 16 In painting and sculpture, attitude ; the drink, Gr. zortos, trom awe, moar, to
POST-PAID, a. Having the postage paid situation of a figure with regard to the drink.]
on; as a letter. eye, and of the several principal members Drinkable ; that may be drank; as water
POSTPO'NE, v. t. [L. postpono; post, af- with regard to each other, by which ac- fresh and potable. Bacon.
ter, and pono, to put.] tion is expressed. Postures should be ac- Kivers run potable gold. Milton.
1. To putoff; to defer to a future or later commodated to the character of the fig- PO’TABLE, n. Something that may be
time; to delay; as, to postpone the coun- ure, and the posture of each member to) drank. Philips.
sideration of a bill or question to the after- its office. Postwres are natural or artifi- PO’TABLENESS, n. The quality of being
noon, or to the following day. cial. Natural postures are such as our drinkable.
2. To set below something else in value or ordinary actions and the occasions of life POT’AGE, n. [from pot; Fr. id.; It. po-
importance. lead us to exhibit ; artificial postures arel taggio; Port. potagem; W. potes ;Arm.
 P O'R POT POU

podaich. This is a more correct orthogra- PO’TENCE, x. In heraldry, a eross whose POTGUN, for popgun. [Not used. Swift.
ends resemble the head of a cruteh. ||PO'T’-H ANGE!R,the n. [pot: and hanger.)
: A
phy than pottage.| Encyc. 0t-hook.
A species of food made of meat boiled to
POTH’E€ARY, contracted from apotheca-
softness in water, usually with some veg- PO’TENCY, x. te potentia, from potens;
possum, posse. See Power.} | ry, and very vulgar. [See the latter.)
etables or sweet herbs.
POT’AGER, n. [from potage.] A porringer. 1. Power; physical power, energy or effi- POTH'ER, n. [This word is vulgarly pro-
Grew. cacy ; strength. Shak. nounced bother. Its origin and affinities
are not ascertained. ]
POTAG’RO, A kind of pickle imported 2. Moral power ; influence; authority. 1. Bustle ; confusion ; tumult; flutter. [Zovo.]
POTAR/GO, § ™ from the West Indies. Now arriving
King. At place of potency and sway 0’ th’ state. Shak. Swift.
Shak. 2. A suffoeating cloud. Drayton.
PO’TANCE, n. With watchmakers, the stud PO’/TENT, a. [L. potens.] Powerful; phys-
POTH’ER, v.7. To make a blustering in-
in which the lower pivot of the verge is ically strong; forcible ; efficacious; as a effectual effort ;to make a stir.
placed. Ash. Scott. potent medicine. POTH’ER, v. t. To harass and’ perplex ; to
POT’ASH, n. [pot and ashes; D. potasch; Moses once more his potent rod extends. uzzle. Locke.
G. pottasche ;Dan. potaske ; Fr. potasse. | Milton. POT’HERB, n. An herb for the pot or for
The popular name of vegetable fixed alkali 2. Powerful, in a moral sense ; having great cookery ; a culinary plant. Arbuthnot.
in an impure state, procured from the ash- influence; as potent interest ; a potent ar- POT’-HOOK, n. A hook on which pots and
es of plants by lixiviation and evaporation. gument. Decay of Piety. kettles are hung over the fire.

Seen Helcea tar nn Bn

The matter remaining after evaporation is 3. Having great authority, contro! or domin- 2. A letter or character like a pot-hook; a
refined in a crucible or furnace, and the
extractive substance burnt off or dissipa- . potro; poto, to
ted. Refined potash is called pearlash. in use.)_ Shak. drinte J Bete 4
The plants which yield the greatest quan- 2. A walking staff or crutch. Lats Mi A draught; usually, a liquid medicine; a
tity of potash are wormwood and fumito-
ry. Kirwan. Nicholson. _Encyc. PO'TENTACY, n. Sovereignty. Leased POT LID, n. The lid or silo Piet
By recent discoveries of Sir H. Davy, it n. A pot companion. Derham.
appears that potash is a metallic oxyd; Toe ith n. [Fr. potentat; It. po- IPOT!-MAN,
the metal is called potassium, and the al-
kali, in books of science, is called potassa. A person who possesses great power or POT/SHERD, ”n. |[pot and” Sax.’ sceard,
a fragment, from scearan, to shear; D.
POTAS’SA, n. The scientific name of veg- sway; @ prince; a sovereign; an empe- potscherf; G. scherbe.]
etable alkali or potash. ror, king or monarch. A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii.
POTAS’SIUM, n. A name given to the me- Exalting him not only above earthly princes POT’STONE, n. Potstone appears to be in-
tallic basis of vegetable alkali. According and potentates, but above the highest ofthe ce-
lestial hierarchy. Boyle. durated black talek, passing into serpen-
to Dr. Davy, 100 parts of potash consist tine. It hasa curved and undulatingly
of 86.1 parts of the basis, and 13.9 of ox- POTEN’TIAL, a. [L. potentialis.] Having
power to impress on us the ideas of cer- lamellar structure, passing into slaty. Cyc.
ygen. Med. Repos.
Potassium has the most powerful affinity tain qualities, though the qualities are not Potstone is of a greenish gray color. It oc-
inherent in the thing; as potential heat or curs massive, or in granular concretions.
for oxygen of all substances known; it Ure.
takes it from every other compound, and cold. Encye.
2. Existing in possibility, not in act. Potstone is a variety of steatite.
hence is a most important agent in chim- This potential and imaginary materia prima, i Cleaveland.
ical analysis. cannot exist without form. Raleigh. POT’TAGE, n. Broth; soup. [See Potage,
POTA’TION, n. [L. potatio. See Potable.] the more correct orthography.]
1. A drinking or drinking bout. 3. Efficacious; powerful. [Vot in use.|
2, A draught. Shak. Shak. POT’TED, pp. Preserved or inclosed ina
pot; drained in a cask. Edwards.
3. A species of drink. a Shak. Potential cautery, in medicine, is the consum-
ing or reducing to an eschar, any part of| POT’TER, n. [from pot.j| One whose occu-
POTA’TO, n. [Ind. batatas.] A plant and es- pation is to make earthern vessels.
the body by a caustic alkaline or metallic
culent root of the genus Solanum, a na- salt, &c. instead ofa red hot iron, the use
Dryden. Mortimer.
tive of America. The root of this plant, of which is called actual cautery. _Encyc. POT’TERN-ORE, n. A species of ore,
which is usually called potatoe, constitutes Potential mode, in grammar, is that form of) which, from its aptness to vitrify like the
one of the cheapest and most nourishing glazing of potter’s ware, the miners call
the verb which is used to express the pow-
species of vegetable food; it is the princi- er, possibility, liberty or necessity of an by this name. Boyle.
pal food of the poor in some countries, || action or of being; as, I may go; he can POT’TERY, n. [Fr. polerie ;from pot.) The
and has often contributed to prevent fam- vessels or ware made by potters; earthern
write. This, in English, is not strictly a ware, glazed and baked.
ine. It was introduced into the British distinct mode, but the indicative or declar-
dominions by Sir Walter Raleigh or other ative mode, affirming the power to act, in-|
2. The place where earthern vessels are
adventurers in the 16th century; but it stead of the act itself. I may go or can go, manufactured.
came slowly into use, and at this day is POT'TING, n. [from pot.] Drinking; tip-
are equivalent to, I have power to go. pling. Shak.
not much cultivated and used in some POTENTIAL, n. Any thing that may be 2. In the W. Indies, the process of putting
countries of Europe. In the British do- ossible. Bacon.
minions and in the United States, it has sugar in casks for draining. Edwards.
POTENTIALITY, x. Possibility ; not act-
proved one of the greatest blessings be- uality. Taylor. Bentley.
POT’TING, ppr. Preserving in a pot ; drain-
stowed on man by the Creator. ing, as above; drinking.
POTEN’TIALLY, adv. In possibility ;not POT’TLE, n. [W. potel, a bottle ; from pot.]
POT’-BELLIED, a. Having a prominent in act; not positively.
belly. il. A liquid measure offour pints.
This duration of human souls is only poten- 2. A vessel; a pot or tankard.
POT-BELLY, n. A protuberant belly. tially infinite. Bentley. POT-VAL/IANT,
POTCH, v. t. [Fr. pocher, Eng. to poke.| To a. [pot and valiant.] Cour-
thrust; to push. [/Vot used.] Shak. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality ; as potentially
ageous over the cup; heated to valor by
2, 'To poach ; to boil slightly. [ot used.] cold. Boyle.
strong drink. Addison.
Wiseman.PO’TENTLY, adv. Powerfully ; with great POUCH, xn. [Fr. poche, a pocket or bag, a
POT-COMPAN‘ION, a. An associate or force or energy. purse-net, the paunch; Ir. pucan; G.
companion in drinking; applied generally You are potently opposed. Shak. bauch, D. buik, Sw. buk, Dan. bug, the bel-
lo habitual hard drinkers. PO’TENTNESS,n. Powerfulness; strength;) ly, from bulging and extending. }
pO'TELOT, x. [Qu. G. pottloth, D. potlood, might. [Lattle wsed.] 1. A small bag: usually, a lethern bag to be
black lead.] PO'TESTATIVE, a. [from L, potestas.| Au- | carried in the pocket. Swift.
The sulphuret of molybden. Fourcroy.| thoritative. [ot used.] Pearson. 2. A protuberant belly.
 POU POU PO) W
3. The bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the 1. A standard weight consisting of twelve to substances consisting of fine particles ;
pelican. ounces troy or sixteen ounces avoirdu- as, to pour a stream of gas or air upon a
POUCH, »v. t. To pocket; to save. pois. fire ; to pour out sand. It expresses par-
Tusser. 2. A money of account consisting of twenty ticularly the bestowing or sending forth in
2. To swallow; used of fowls, whose crop shillings, the value of which is different in]| copious abundance.
is called in French, poche. Derham. different countries. ‘The pound sterling __ Twill pour out my Spirit upon all flesh. Joel
3. To pout. [Not used.] Ainsworth. is equivalent to $4 44. 44 cts. money of the ii.
POUCH’-MOUTHED, a. Blubber-lipped. United States. In New England and Vir- To pour out dust. Lev. xiv.
Not used.) Ainsworth. ginia, the pound is equal to $3}; in New 2. To emit; to send forth in a stream or
POUL’-DAVIS, x. A sortof sail cloth. [/Vot York to S24. continued succession.
used.] Ainsworth. POUND, n. (Sax. pyndan, pindan, to con- | London doth pour out her citizens. —Shake.
POULE. [See Pool.] fine.] 3. To send forth; as, to pour out words,
POULT, x. [Fr. poulet. See Poultry.) A An inelosure erected by authority, in which prayers or sighs; to pour oul the heart or
young chicken. [Little used.] King. cattle or other beasts are confined when soul. Ps, Ixii. xiii.
POULTERER, ». [Norm. poltaire. See taken in trespassing, or going at large in . To throw in profusion or with over-
violation of law ; a pin-fold. whelming force.
Poultry-] |
I will shortly pour out my fury on thee. Ezek.
1. One who makes it his business to scll POUND, v. t. To confine in a public pound. vu.
fowls for the table. POUND, v. t. [Sax. punian; W. pwniaw, to |POUR, v. 7% To flow; to issue forth in a
2. Formerly, in England, an officer of the beat and to load.|
| stream, or continued succession of parts ;
king’s household, -who had the charge o 1. To beat; to strike with some heavy in- to move or rush, as acurrent. The tor-
the poultry. strument, and with repeated blows, so as
rent pours down from the mountain, or
POULTICE, n. [It. polta, pap, L. puls, pultis, to make an impression. along the steep descent.
Gr. 20705. ] With cruel blows she pounds her blubber’d 2. To rush in a crowd or continued pro-
A cataplasm; a soft composition of meal,| cheeks. Dryden. | cession.
bran, or the like substance, to be applied 2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; A ghastly band of giants,
to sores, inflamed parts of the body, &c. to bruise or break into fine parts by a All pouring down the mountain, crowd the
Bacon. heavy instrument; as, to pound spice or shore. Pope
POULTICE, v.¢. To apply a cataplasm to. salt. POURED, pp. Sent forth; thrown; as a
POULTIVE, for poultice, is not used. Loud strokes with pounding spice the fabric fluid.
Temple. rend. Garth. /POURER, n. One that pours.
POULTRY, n. [from Fr. poule, a hen, dim. POUND’AGE, n. [from pound.] A sum de- |POURING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid; driv-
poulet ;It. pollo, a chicken ; pollame, poul- ducted from a pound, or a certain sum | ing in a current or continued stream.
wy; Sp. polla; L. pullus, a chicken, or paid for each pound. Swift. {/POURLIEU. [See Purlieu.]
other young animal; allied to Eng. foal; 2. In England, a subsidy of 12d. in the POURPRES’TURE, n. [Fr. pour, for, and
W. ebawl, eboles, a filly or colt; It. pollare, pound, granted to the erown on all goods pris, taken.]
to sprout, L. pullulo.] exported or imported, and if by aliens, In law, a wrongful inclosure or encroach-
Domestic fowls which are propagated and more. Blackstone. ment on another’s property.
fed for the table. such as cocks and hens, POUND BREACH, a. The breaking of a Encyce. Cowel.
capons, turkies, ducks and geese. public pound for releasing beasts confined i POURSUIVANT. [See Pursuivant.]
POULTRY-YARD, n. A yard or place in it. Blackstone. POURVEYANCE. [See Purveyance.]
where fowls are kept for the use of the
POUNDED, pp. Beaten or bruised with a POUSSE, corrupted from pulse, peas.
table. heavy instrument; pulverized or broken Spenser.
POUNCE, n. pouns. [Fr. pierre-ponce, pum- \POUT, x. A fish of the genus Gadus, about
by pounding.
ice-stone ; poncer, to rub with pumice- an inch in length ; the whiting pout.
stone; Arm. maen-puncz, pumice-stone. }
2. Confined in a pound; impounded.
Dict. Nat. Hist.
}. Gum-sandarach pulverized, a fine pow- POUND‘ER, n. A pestle; the instrument) ||2. A bird. Carew.
der used to prevent ink from spreading on of pounding. \2. A fit of sullenness. [Colloquial.]
paper. 2. A person or thing denominated from a |POUT, v. 7. [Fr. bouder ; allied probably to
wo. Charcoal dust inclosed in some open stuff, certain number of pounds ; as a cannon is), bud, pudding, Gr. Botary, W. poten ; trom
as muslin, &e. to be passed over holes called a twelve-pounder ; a person of ten the sense of bulging or pushing out.]
pricked in the work, to mark the lines or pounds annual income is called a ten- 1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness,
designs on a paper underneath. This pounder ; a note or bill is called a ten- contempt or displeasure; hence, to look
kind of pounce is used by embroiderers to pounder. Johnson. sullen. Shak.
transfer their patterns upon their stuffs ; 3. A large pear. Dryden. 2. To shoot out; to be prominent; as pout-
also by lace-makers, and sometimes by Pound foolish. The phrase, penny wise and ing: lips. Dryden.
engravers, It is also used in varnishing. pound foolish, signifies negligent in the care \POUT'ING, ppr. Shooting out, as the lips.
Cyc. of large sums, but careful to saye small |2. Looking sullen.
3. Cloth worked in eyelet-holes. Todd. sums, \POV’ERTY, n. [Norm. pouerti ; Fr. pauvre-
POUNCE, v.t. To sprinkle or rub with POUND/ING, ppr. Beating; bruising ; pul- | té; It. poverta ; Sp. Port. pobreza; L. pau-
pounce. verizing ; impounding. pertas. See Poor.]
POUNCE, n. [This word seems to be con- POUPETON, n. [Fr. poupee.] A puppet or 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ;want
nected with the It. punzone, a bodkin, a little baby. of convenient means ofsubsistence. The
punch, a push, which is from the L. pun- POUPIES, n. In cookery, a mess of victuals consequence of poverty is dependence.
go, whence Sp. punzar.} made of veal steaks and slices of bacon. The drunkard and the glutton shall come to
The claw or talon of a bird of prey. Bailey. poverty. Prov. xxiii.
POUNCE, v. 2%. To fall on suddenly ; to fall POUR, v. t. [W. bwrw, to cast, send, throw, 2. Barrenness of sentiment or ornament ;
on and seize with the claws; as, a rapa- thrust.] defect; as the poverty of a composition.
cious fowl pounces on a chicken. —_. To throw, asa fluid in a stream, either 3. Want; defect of words; as the poverty of
POUNCE-BOX, A small box with a out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour wa- language.
POUN'CET-BOX, §”" perforated lid, used ter from a pail, or out of a pail; to pour POW DER, n. [Fr. poudre, contracted from
for sprinkling pounce on paper. Shak. wine into a decanter. Pour is appropri- pouldre; Arm. poultra; It. polvere ; Sp.
POUN'CED, pp. Furnished with claws or ately but not exclusively applied to fluids, polvo; L. pulvis. The G. has puder, and
talons. Thomson. and signifies merely to east or throw, and the D. poeder, but whether from the same
POUND, n. [Sax. Goth. Sw. Dan. pund ; D. this sense is modified by out, from, in, into, source I know not. Pulvis is probably
pond; G. pfund ; L. pondo, pondus, weight, against, on, upon, under, &c. It is applied from pulso, pulto, to beat.]
a pound ; pendo, to weigh, to bend.] not only to liquors, but to other fluids, and 1. Any dry substance composed of minute
Vol. IL. 40
 POW PO W POW
particles, whether natural or artificial ; Power has been distinguished also into 13. One invested with authority ; a ruler; 2
more generally, a substance comminuted active and passive, the power of doing or | civil magistrate. Rom. xiii.
or triturated to fine particles. Thus dust moving, and the power of receiving im- 14. Divinity; a celestial or invisible being
is the powder of earth; flour is the powder pressions or of suffering. In strictness, or agent supposed to have dominion over
of gram. But the word is particularly ap- passive power is an absurdity in terms. some part of creation ; as celestial powers :
plied to substances reduced to fine parti- To say that gold has a power to be melted, the powers of darkness.
cles for medicinal purposes. is improper language, yet for want of a 15. That which has physical power; an ar-
rN). A composition of saltpeter, sulphur and more appropriate word, power is often my; a navy; a host; a military force.
charcoal, mixed and granulated; gun- used in a passive sense, and is considered Never such a power—
powder. as two-fold; viz. as able to make or able Was levied in the body of a land. Shak.
3. Hair powder ; pulverized starch. to receive any change. Cye. 16. Legal authority ;warrant; as a power of
POW'DER, v. f. To reduce to fine parti-|| 2. Force; animal strength; as the power of attorney ; an agent invested with ample
cles; to comminute; to pulverize ; to tri- the arm, exerted in lifting, throwing or power. The envoy has full powers to ne-
turate ;to pound, grind or rub into fine holding. | gotiate a treaty.
particles. 3. Force; strength; energy; as the power 17. In arithmetic and algebra, the product
2. To sprinkle with powder ; as, to powder of the mind, of the imagination, of the arising from the multiplication of a num-
the hair. fancy. He has not powers of genius ade- ber or quantity into itself; as, a cube is the
3. To sprinkle with salt ; to corn; as meat. quate to the work. third power ; the biquadrate is the fourth
Bacon. 4. Faculty of the mind, as manifested by a power.
POW'DER, v. i. To come violently. [ot particular mode of operation ; as the pow- /18. In Seripture, right; privilege. John i.
in use.} LD’Estrange. er of thinking, comparing and judging; 1 Cor. ix.
POW’DER-BOX, n. A box in which hair- the reasoning powers. 19. Angels, good or bad. Col. i. Eph. vi.
powder is kept. Gay. 5. Ability, natural or moral. We say, aman 20. Violence ; force; compulsion. Ezek. iy.
POW'DER-€CART, x. A cart that carries has the power of doing good ; his property 21. Christ is called the power of God, as
owder and shot for artillery. gives him the power of relieving the dis- through him and his gospel, God displays
pOW DER-CHEST, n. A small box or case tressed; or he has the power to persuade his power and authority in ransoming and
charged with powder, old nails, &c. fast- others to do good; or it is not in his power saving sinners. 1 Cor. i.
ened to the side ofa ship, to be discharged to pay his debts. The moral power of man 22. The powers of heaven may denote the
at an enemy attempting to board. is also his power of judging or discern- celestial luminaries. Matt. xxiv.
Mar. Dict. ing in moral subjects. 23. Satan is said to have the power of death,
POW'DERED, pp. Reduced to powder ; 6. In mechanics, that which produces motion as he introduced sin, the cause of death,
sprinkled with powder ; corned; salted. or force, or which may be applied to pro- temporal and eternal, and torments men
POW’DER-FLASK, n. A flask in which duce it. Thus the inclined plane is called with the fear of death and future misery.
gunpowder is carried. a mechanical power, as it produces motion, 24. In wilgar language, a large quantity ; a
POW’ DER-HORN, n. A born in which gun- although this in reality depends on gravi- great number ; as a power of good things.
powder is carried by sportsmen. — Swift. ty. The wheel and axle, and the lever, [This is, I believe, obsolete, even among
POW'DERING, ppr. Pulverizing ; sprink- are mechanical powers, as they may be our common people.]
ling with powder ; corning; salting. applied to produce force. These powers Power of attorney, authority given to a per-
POW’DERING-TUB, n. A tub or vessel are also called forces, and they are of two} son to act for another.
in which meat is corned or salted. kinds, moving power, and sustaining pow- POW’ERFUL, a. Having great physical or
2. The place where an infected lecher is er. | mechanical power; strong; forcible;
cured. Shak. 7. Force. The great power of the screw is mighty; asa powerful army or navy; a
POW'DER-MILL, n. A mill in which gun- of extensive use in compression, ‘The! powerful engine.
powder is made. Arbuthnot. power of steam is immense. 2. Having great moral power; forcible to
POW'DER-ROOM, n. The apartment in a 8. That quality in any natural body which persuade or convince the mind; as a pow-
ship where gunpowder is kept. Waller. produces a change or makes an impres- erful reason or argument.
POW'DERY, a. Friable; easily crumbling sion on another body ; as the power of med- 3. Possessing great political and military
icine; the power of heat; the power o power; strong in extent of dominion or
to pieces. sound. | national resources ; potent; as a powerful
2. Dusty ; sprinkled with powder.
3. Resembling powder. 9. Force; strength; momentum; as the, monarch or prince; a powerful nation.
power of the wind, which propels a ship or 4, Efficacious ; possessing or exerting great
POW'DIKE, n. A marsh or fen dike. [Lo- overturns a building. force or producing great effects ; as a pow-
cal.] 10. Influence; that which may move the erful medicine.
POW'ER, n. [Fr. pouvoir; Norm. povare ; mind; as the power of arguments or of . In general, able to produce great effects;
from the root of Sp. Port. poder, It. podere; persuasion. exerting great force or energy; as power-
or rather the same word varied in orthog- 11. Command; the right of governing, or, Sul eloquence.
raphy. The Latin has posse, possum, pot- actual government; dominion; rule; The word of God is quick and powerful.
es, potentia. The primary sense of the sway; authority. A large portion of Asia! Heb. iv.
verb is to strain, to exert force.] is under the power of the Russian empe-| 6. une 3 intense ;as a powerful heat or
1. In a philosophical sense, the faculty of do- ror. The power of the British monarch is) ight.
ing or performing any thing; the faculty limited by law. The powers of govern-| POW’ERFULLY, adv. With great force or
of moving or of producing a change in ment are legislative, executive, judicial,)
something ; ability or strength. A man energy ; potently; mightily; with great
and ministerial. effect ; forcibly; either in a physical or
raises his hand by his own power, or by Power is no blessing in itself, but when it is
power moves another body. The exertion moral sense. Certain medicines operate
employed to protect the innocent. Swift. powerfully on the stomach; the practice of
of power proceeds from the will, and in
strictness, no being destitute of will or in- Under this sense may be comprehended| mane is powerfully recommended by its
telligence, can exert power. Powerin man civil, political, ecclesiastical, and military utiity.

is active or speculative. Active power is | power. /POW'ERFULNESS, n. The quality of hay-

: : ing or exerting great power; force ; pow-
that which moves the body ; speculative 12. A sovereign, whether emperor, king or!
power is that by which we see, judge, re- governing prince or the legislature of aj er; might. Hakewill.
member, or in general, by which we state; as the powers of Europe ; the great! (POW’/ERLESS, a. Destitute of power,
think. powers ;the smaller powers. Inthis sense, force or energy; weak; impotent; not
Power may exist without exertion. We the state or nation governed seenis to be} able to produce any effect. Shak.
have power to speak when we are silent. included in the word power. Great Brit- POWL'DRON, nx. [Qu. Fr. epaule, the
Locke. Reid. anisa great naval power. shoulder. ]
 PRA PRA PR &
In heraldry, that part of armor which covers|PRA€/TICALNESS, nx. The quality of be- 2. To use or exercise any profession or art ;
the shoulders. Sandys. ing practical. as, to practice law or medicine ; to practice
POW’TER, :x A variety of the common PRAC'TICE, n. (Sp. practica; It. pratica;| gunnery or surveying.
POU’TER, * domestic pigeon, with an Fr. pratique; Gr. xpaxtixn, from the root) 3. To use or exercise for instruction, disci-
inflated breast. Ed. Encyc. of xpacow, xparrw, to act, to do, to make. pline or dexterity. [In this sense, the verb
POX, n. [a corruption of pocks, Sax. poc or The root of this verb is apay or mpax, as ws usually intransitive. |
pocc, D. pok, that is, a push, eruption or appears by the derivatives apayua, apax- 4. To commit; to perpetrate ; asthe horrors
ustule. It is properly a plural word, but tix, and trom the same root, in other lan- practiced at Wyoming. Marshall.
y usage is singular.] _ : guages, are formed G. brauchen, to use ; 5. To use; as a practiced road. [ Unusual. |
Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, brauch, use, practice; D. gebruiken, to use, Mitford.
but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or employ, enjoy ; bruiker, a tenant, one that! PRACTICE, v.t. To perform certain acts
four diseases, the small pox, chicken pox, occupies a farm; Sax. brucan, to use, to frequently or customarily, either for in-
the vaccine and the venereal diseases. enjoy, to eat, whence Eng. to brook, and struction, profit or amusement; as. to
Pox, when used without an epithet, signi-|| broker; Dan. bruger, to use or employ ; practice with the broad sword ; to practice
fies the latter, lues venerea. brug, use, practice; Sw. bruka ; L. fruor, with the rifle.
POY, x. [Sp. apoyo, a prop or stay, Fr. ap- for frugor or frucor, whence fructus, con- 2. To form a habit of acting in any manner.
pui. The verb signifies to bear or lean tracted into fruit ; Ir. freacair, use, prac- They shall practice how to live secure.
upon, from the root of poize.} A rope tice, frequency, L. frequens. The W. praith, Milton.
dancer’s pole. practice, preithiaw, to practice, may be the To transact or negotiate secretly.
POZE, for pose, to puzzle. [See Pose.] same word, with the loss of the palatal I have practic’d with him,
letter c or g.] And found means to let the victor know
PRA€'TIE, for practical, is not in use. It
was formerly used for practical, and Spen- 1, Frequent or customary actions; a suc- That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends.
ser uses it in the sense of artful. cession of acts of asimilar kind or in a like Addison.
employment; as the practice of rising ear- 4. To try artifices.
PRACTICABILITY, » (from _prac- ly or of dining late ; the practice of read-
PRA€’TICABLENESS, §" ficable.] The ing a portion of Scripture morning and Others, by guilty artifice and arts
quality or state of being practicable; evening ; the practice of making regular Of promis’d kindness, practic’d on our hearts.
feasibility. Granville.
entries of accounts ; the practice of virtue
PRAC’TICABLE, a. [Fr. praticable; It. or vice. Habit is the effect of practice. 5. To use evil arts or stratagems.
praticabile ; Sp. practicable. See Practice.] \2. Use ;customary use. If you there
1. That may be done, effected or performed Obsolete words may be revived when they Did practice on my state— Shak.
by human means, or by powers that can are more sounding or significant than those in 6. To use medical methods or experiments.
be applied. It is sometimes synonymous practice. Dryden. Tam little inclined to practice on others, and
with possible, but the words differ in this: 3. Dexterity acquired by use. [Unusual.] as little that others should practice on me.
possible is applied to that which might be Shak Temple.
performed, if the necessary powers or 4. Actual performance ; distinguished from 7. To exercise any employment or profes-
means could be obtained; practicable is | theory. sion. A pbysician has practiced many
limited in its application to things which There are two functions of the soul, contem- years with success.
are to be performed by the means given, plation and practice, according to the general PRA€’TICED, pp. Done by a repetition
or which may be applied. It was possi- division of objects, some of which only enter- of acts ; customarily performed or used.
ble for Archimedes to lift the world, but it tain our speculations, others employ our actions. PRA€'TICER, n. One that practices ; one
was not practicable. South. that customarily performs certain acts.
2. That may be practiced; as a practicable ‘5. Application of remedies; medical treat- 2. One who exercises a profession. In this
virtue. Dryden. ment of diseases. Two physicians may sense, practitioner is generally used.
3. That admits of use, or that may be pass- | differ widely in their practice. PRA€’TICING, ppr. Performing or using
ed or traveled; as a practicable road. 6. Exercise of any profession ; as the Nee customarily; exercising, as an art or
In military affairs, a practicable breach is | lice of law or of medicine ; the practice o profession.
one that can be entered by troops. arms. PRAC’TISANT, x. Anagent. [Jot used.]}
Mitford. 7. Frequent use; exercise for instruction or Shak.
PRA€’/TICABLY, adv. In such a manner’ | discipline. The troops are daily called PRACTITIONER, x. One who is engag-
as may be performed. “A rule practicably out for practice. ed in the actual use or exercise of any
applied before his eyes,” is not correct! 8. Skillful or artful management ; dexterity art or profession, particularly in law or
language. It is probably a mistake for in contrivance or the use of means; art; medicine.
practically. Rogers. stratagem; artifice; usually in a bad 2. One who does any thing customarily or
| sense. habitually. Whitgifte.
PRACTICAL, a. [L. practicus; It. pra-
He sought to have that by practice which he 3. One that practices sly or dangerous arts.
tico; Fr. pratigue; Sp. practico. See could not by prayer. Sidney. South.
Practice.| Pertaining to practice or ac- (This use of the word is genuine ; Sp. PRA COG'NITA, n. plu. [L. before known. ]
tion. practico, skillful, It. pratico; like expert, Things previously known in order to un-
2. Capable of practice or active use ; oppo- from L. experior, It is not a mistake as derstand something else. Thus a knowl-
sed to speculative; as a practical under- Johnson supposes. See the Verb.] edge ofthe structure of the human body
standing. South. 9. A rule in arithmetic, by which the ope- is one of the pracognita of medical sci-
3. That may be used in practice ; that may rations of the general rules are abridged ence and skill.
be applied to use ; as practical knowledge. in use. |PRASMUNYRE, n. [a corruption ofthe L.
Tillotson. |PRA€’TICE, v. ¢t. [From the noun. The) premonere, to pre-admonish.]
4. That reduces his knowledge or theories orthography of the verb ought to be the ll. A writ, or the offense for which it js
to actual use ; as a practical man. same as of the noun; as in notice and to granted. The offense consists in intro-
5. Derived from practice or experience ; as notice.| ducing a foreign authority or power into
actical skill or knowledge. 1. To do or perform frequently, customarily England, that is, introducing and main-
PRA€/TICALLY, adv. In relation to prac- or habitually; to perform by a succession taining the papal power, creating imperi-
tice.
of acts ; as, to practice gaming ; to practice)| um in imperio, and yielding that obedi-
2. By means of practice or use ;by experi- fraud or deception ; to practice the virtues ence to the mandates of the pope, which
ment; as practically wise or skillful.
of charity and beneficence ; to practice hy-| constitutionally belongs to the king. Both
3. In practice or use; as a medicine practi- pocrisy. Is. xxxii. the offense and the writ are so denomina-
cally safe; theoretically wrong, but prac- Many praise virtue who do not practice it. ted from the words used in the writ, pre-
fically right. Anon.|| munine facias, cause A B to be forewarn
 PRA PRA PRA
ed to appear before us to answer the con-)) prezarse, to boast or glory. It appears PR‘ANCING, ppr. Springing; bounding :
tempt wherewith he stands charged. that praise, price, prize, are all from one riding with gallant show. ;
Blackstone. Encye. root, the primary sense of which is to lift, PR‘ANCING, n. A springing or bounding,
2, The penalty incurred by infringing a to raise, or rather to strain. So from L. as of a high spirited horse. Judg. v. i
statute. South. tollo, extollo, we have extol. Now in Dan. PRANK, v. t. [If7 is not radical, this word
PRAGMAT ‘IE, {L. pragmaticus ; roser, Sw. rosa, signifies to praise, and it coincides with G. pracht, D. Dan. pragt,
PRAGMATICAL,§™ Gr. xpayyatuxos, may be questioned whether this is praise Sw. prackt, pomp, magnificence ; also
from mpayua, business ;2pacsa, to do. See without a prefix. The Latin pretium, W. with G. prangen, to shine, to make a
Practice.| prid, is probably from the same root, de- show; D. pronken, to shine or make a
Forward to intermeddle; meddling ; imper- noting that which is taken for a thing sold, show, to be adorned, to strut ; Dan. prang-
tinently busy or officious in the concerns or the rising or amount, as we use high ; er, to prance, to make a show, to sell by
of others, without leave or invitation. a high value or price; corn is high. In retail; the latter sense perhaps from break-
The fellow grew so pragmatical, that he took Oo Sone ing ; Sw. prunka. So in Port. brincar, to
upon him the government of my whole family. Pers. 5\y55 afaraz, is high, lofty; sport; Sp. id.toleap. These are evident-
Arbuthnot. oe -O-
Pragmatic sanction, in the German empire, ly the Ar. Gye to adorn, to lighten.
ro d2 55535 afrazidan, to extol. Qu.
the settlement made by Charles VI. the Prink is probably from the same root.]
emperor, who in 1722, having no sons,|) Fr. proner, for prosner.] To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or
settled his hereditary dominions on_ his) 1. To commend; to applaud; to express adjust to ostentation.
eldest daughter, the archduchess Maria approbation of personal worth or actions. In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank.
Theresa, which settlement was confirmed i Milton
We praise not Hector, though his name we
by most of the powers of Europe. know It is often followed by up.
In the civil law, pragmatic sanction may be Is great in arms ; tis hard to praise a foe. —And me, poor lowly maid,
defined, a rescript or answer of the sove- Dryden. Most goddess-like prankt up. Shak.
reign, delivered by advice of his council 2. To extol in words or song; to magnify ; PRANK, zn. [W. pranc.] Properly, a sudden
to some college, order, or body of people, to glorify on account of perfections or ex- start or sally. [See Prance.] Hence, a
who consult him in relation to the affairs cellent works. wild flight; a capering; a gambol.
of their community. The like answer Praise him, all his angels, praise ye him, all
2. A capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry
given to a particular person, is called sim- his hosts. Ps. exlviii.
trick, or a mischievous act, rather for sport
ply a rescript. Hottoman. Encye. To express gratitude for personal favors. than injury. Children often play their
PRAGMATICALLY, adv. In a meddling Ps. cxxxviil. pranks on each other.
manner; impertinently. 4. To do honor to; to display the excellence —In came the harpies and played their ac-
PRAGMAT'ICALNESS, n. The quality of of. customed pranks. Raleigh.
intermeddling without right or invitation. All thy works shall praise thee, O Lord. Jet PRANK, a. Frolicksome ; full of gambols
PRAG/MATIST, n. One who is imperti- exlv. |_ or tricks. Brewer.
nently busy or meddling. Reynolds. IPRA/ISED, pp. Commended ; extolled. /PRANK’/ED, Adorned in a showy
PRA/‘ISABLE, a. That may be praised. |PRA‘ISEFUL, -a. Laudable ; commenda- PRANKT, PP manner.
[Not used. | Wickliffe. ble. [Not used.] Sidney.| PRANK’/ER, n. One that dresses ostenta-
PRAISE, n. sasz. [D. prys, praise and|| PRA/ISER, n. One who praises, commends} tiously.
price; G. preis, praise, price, prize, value } or extols; an applauder; a commender. |PRANK/ING, ppr. Setting off or adorning
Dan. priis, Sw. pris, id.; W. pris, price, Sidney. Donne. for display.
value; Fr. priv; It. prezzo ; Sp. precio,|) PRA‘ISELESS, a. Without praise or com-|) PRANK/ING, n. Ostentatious display of
price, value ;presa, a prize; W. prid; L. mendation. Sidney. dress. More.
pretium ; Sp. prez, glory, praise; Scot. IPRAISEWORFHILY, adv. In a manner} PRASE, n. s asz. A silicious mineral; a
prys, praise and prize. See the Verb.] deserving of commendation. Spenser.) subspecies of quartz of a leek green color.
!
1. Commendation bestowed on a person for PRAISEWORTHINESS, n. The quality of Cleaveland.
his personal virtues or worthy actions, on|| deserving commendation. Smith.| PRASON, n. pra'sn. (Gr. xpacov.] A leek;
also, a sea weed green as a leek. ’
meritorious actions themselves, or on any|PRAISEWORTHY, a. Deserving of praise!)
approbation expressed in| or applause; commendable; as a praise- 5 S Bailey.
thing valuable;
words or song. Praise may be expressed by worthy action. Arbuthnot.|PRATE, v.i. [D. praaten, to prate; Sw.
an individual, and in this circumstance dif-PRA/ISING, ppr. Commending; extolling prata, to tattle; Gr. pine Qa. atiied
fers from fame, renown, and celebrity, which)| in words or song. perhaps to Sax. red, speech.]
are the expression of the approbation of| PRAM, [D. praam.} A flat-bottomed|/To talk much and without weight, or to lit-
numbers, or public commendation. When) PRAME, tn. boat or lighter ;used in Hol-| tle purpose ; to be loquacious; as the
praise is applied to the expression of pub-|) Jand for conveying goods to or from a vulgar express it, to run on.
lic approbation, it may be synonymous} ship in loading or unloading. Encye. Materarernndi tale Conliteendahovorsn, Shale
with renown, or nearly so. A man may)2, In military affairs, a kind of floating bat- Aga made a fool presume to prate of love.
deserve the praise of an individual, or ofal) tery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting Dryden.
nation. several cannon ; used in covering the dis- PRATE, v. t. To utter foolishly.
‘There are men who always confound the|! embarkation of troops. Encyce.) What nonsense would the fool, thy master,
ise of
praise with the the practice
goodness with
of goodness pri i IPR‘ANCE,
| , v. 7. prams. [W. prancia, to! prate,
3 ‘ i _ Rambler. frolick, to play a prank, from rhanc, a When thou, his knave, canst talk at sucha
2, The expression of gratitude for personal]! yeaching or craving, the same as rank; rate ? Dryden.
favors conferred; a glorifying or extoll- Ir. rincim, to dance; Port. brincar, to PRATE, n. Continued talk to little pur-
ing. sport; Sp. brincar, to leap. It is allied to pose ; trifling talk ;unmeaning loquacity.
He hath put anew song into my mouth, prank, which see.] Shak. Denham.
even praise to our God. Ps. xl. ‘1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high PRA’TER, n. One that talks much to little
3. The object, ground or reason of praise. mettle. purpose, or on trifling subjects.
He is thy praise, and he is thy God. Deut. x. Now rule thy prancing steed. Gay. Southern.
. . . | . . }
PRAISE, v.t. [D. pryzen, to praise ; pry-|2. To ride with bounding movements; to|/PRAT’I€, n, (it. pratica ;Sp. practica ;
zeeren, to estimate or value ; G. preisen, to]| ride ostentatiously. y PRATIQUE, * Fr. pratique. See Prac-
praise ; Dan. priser, to praise, extol or lift TW insulting tyrant prancing o’er the field. tice.|
up; Sw. prisa; W. prisiaw ; Arm. presa; Addison. In commerce, primarily, converse ; inter-
Fr. priser, to prize, to value; It. prezzare ; 3. To walk or strut about ina showy manner' course ; the communication between a
Sp. preciar; Port. prezar, to estimate ; or with warlike parade. Swift. ship and the port in which she arrives.
 PRA PRE PRE
Hence, a license or permission to hold in- 4. I pray, that is, Ipray you tell me, or let me PREACH, v. i. [D. preeken; Fr. précher,
tereourse and trade with the inhabitants know, is a common mode of introducing a’! for prescher; Arm. pregnein or prezecg;
ofa place, atter having performed quar- question. W. preg, a grecting ;pregeth, a sermon;
antine, or upon a certificate that the ship PRAY, v.¢t. To supplicate ; to entreat; to pregethu, to preach, derived from the
did not come from an infected place; a urge. noun, and the noun from rheg, a sending
teri used particularly in the south of Eu- We pray you in Christ’s stead, be ye reconcil- | out, utterance, a gift, a curse, Imprecation ;
rope, where vessels coming from coun- ed to God. 2 Cor. v. rhegu, to send out, to give or consign, to
tries infected with contagious diseases, 2. In worship, to supplicate; to implore; to curse; Heb. Ch. Ar. pa; L. preco, a
are subjected to quarantine. 4 ask with reverence and humility. | crier, Sax. fricca or fryccea, a crier. This
PRA’TING, ppr. Talking much on a tri- Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and is from the same root as pray, L. precor,
pray God, if perhaps the thought of thy heart | and with s prefixed, gives the G. sprechen,
fling subject; talking idly. i may be forgiven thee. Acts vill.
PRA’TINGLY, adv. With much idle talk; 3. To petition. The D. spreeken, Sw. sprika, to speak; Dan.
plaintif prays judg- sprog, speech. Class Brg. No. 2. 3. 4. 5.]
with loquacity. ment of the court.
PRAT’TLE, v. i. (dim. of prate.] To talk . ‘To pronounce a public discourse on a re-
He that will have the benefit of this act, ligious subject, or from a text of Scripture.
much and idly; to be loquacious on tri- must pray a prohibition before a sentence in the)
fling subjects. Locke. Addison. The word is usually applied to such dis-
ecclesiastical court. Ayliffe.
This word is particularly applied to the courses as are formed from a text of
4. To ask or intreat in ceremony or form. Seripture. This is the modern sense of
talk of children.
PRAT’TLE, n. Trifling talk; loquacity on Pray my colleague Antonius [ may speak preach.
| with him, B. Jonson. \Se To discourse on the gospel way of salva-
trivial subjects.
Mere prattle without practice, [In most instances, this verb is transitive tion and exhort to repentance; to dis-
Is all his soldiership. Shak. | only by ellipsis. To pray God, is used for) course on evangelical truths and exhort to
PRAT’/TLEMENT, n. Prattle. Hayley. | to prayto God ; to pray a prohibilion, is to a belief of them and acceptance of the
PRAT’TLER, n. Anidle talker. Herbert. pray for a prohibition, &c.| terms of salvation. This was the extem-
PRAT’ TLING, ppr. Talking much on triv-| 7 ‘0 pray in aid, in law, is to call in for help poraneous manner of preaching pursued
ial affairs. one who has interest in the cause. | by Christ and his apostles. Matt. iv. x.
PRAVIITY, n. (L. pravitas, from pravus, PRA/YER, n. In a general sense, the act of] Acts x. xiv.
crooked, evil.] asking for a favor, and particularly with PREACH, v. t. To proclaim; to publish in
Deviation from right; moral perversion; earnestness. religious discourses.
want of rectitude; corrupt state ;as the 2. In worship, a solemn address to the Su- What ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on
pravity of human nature ; the pravity of preme Being, consisting of adoration, or the house-tops. Matt. x.
the will. Milton. South. an expression of our sense of God’s glori- The Lord hath anointed me to preach good
PRAWN, n. A small crustaceous fish of| ous perfections, confession of our sins, tidings to the meek. Is, Ixi.
the genus Cancer, with a serrated snout) supplication for mercy and forgiveness, 2. To inculcate in public discourses.
bending upwards. Encye. intercession for blessings on others, and I have preached righteousness in the great
PRANS, x. [L. from the Gr. See Prac- thanksgiving, or an expression of gratitude congregation. Ps. xl.
tice.| Use; practice. Coventry. to God for his mercies and benefits. A He oft to them preach’d
2, An example or form to teach practice. prayer however may consist of a single Conversion and repentance. Milton.
Lowth. petition, and it may be extemporancous, To preach Christ or Christ crucified, to an-
PRAY, v.7. [Fr. prier; It. pregare; L. pre- written or printed. nounce Christ as the only Savior, and
cor; Russ. prochu; allied perhaps to the 3. A formula of church service, or of wor- his atonement as the only ground of ac-
Sax. fregnan, G. fragen, D. vraagen, Sw. ship, public or private. ceptance with God. 1 Cor. i.
fraga, to ask, L. proco. ‘This word be-) 4. Practice of supplication. To preach up, to discourse in favor of.
longs to the same family as preach and re- | Ashe is famed for mildness, peace and prayer. Can they preach up equality of birth ?
proach, Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. Ar, 712 to Shak. Dryden.
bless, to reproach ; rendered in Job i. 9, 5. That part of a memorial or petition to a PREACH, x. A religious discourse. [Wot
to curse; properly, to reproach, to rail at public body, which specifies the request used. | Hooker.
or upbraid, W. rhegu. The primary sense) | or thing desired to be done or granted, as
PRE’/ACHED, pp. Proclaimed ; announced
is to throw, to pour forth sounds or distinet from the recital of facts or reas- in public discourse ; inculeated.
words; for the same word in Arabic, ons for the grant. We say, the prayer of) PRE/ACHER, 2, One who discourses pub-
-- the petition is that the petitioner may
licly on religious subjects. Bacon.
4 baraka, signifies to pour out water, be discharged from arrest.
oy IPRA‘YER-BOOK, n. A book containing
i 2. One that inculcates any thing with

estness.
earn-
as in violeut rain, Gr. Bpsyo. See Rain. prayers or the forms of devotion, public or
As the oriental word signifies to bless, private. Swift. | No preacher is listened to but time. — Swift.
and to reproach or curse, so in Latin the PRA/YERFUL, a. Devotional; given to PRE/ACHERSHIP, x. The office of a
same word precor signifies to supplicate prayer ;as a prayerful frame of mind. preacher. [Nol used.] Hall.
good or evil, and precis signifies a prayer 2. Using much prayer. PRE‘ ACHING, ppr. Proclaiming ;publish-
and a curse. See Imprecate. Class Brg. PRA/YERFULLY, adv. With much prayer. ing in discourse ; inculcating.
No. 3. and see No. 4. 6. 7. 8.] PRA/YERLESS, a. Not using prayer ; ha- IPRE/ACHING, n. The act of preaching;
i. To ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a bitually neglecting the duty of prayer to || a public religious discourse. Milner.
favor, or for something desirable ; to en- God ; as a prayerless family. PRE/ACHMAN, x. A preacher; in con-
treat ; to supplicate. PRA/YERLESSNESS, x. Total or habit- tempt. Howell.
Pray for them who despitefully use you and | ual neglect of prayer. T. H. Skinner. IPRE/ACHMENT, n. A discourse or ser-
persecute you. Matt. v. IPRA/YING, ppr. Asking ; supplicating. mon; in contempt; a discourse affectedly
2. To petition; to ask, as for a favor; as in PRA/YINGLY, adv. With supplication to | solemn. Shak.
application to a legislative body. PREACQUA'INTANCE, n. Previous ac-
God.
8. In worship, to address the Supreme Being PRE, an English prefix, is the L. pre, be- quaintance or knowledge. Harris.
with solemnity and reverence, with ado- fore, probably a contracted word; Russ. PREACQUAINTED, a. Previously ac-
ration, confession of sins, supplication for pred. It expresses priority of time or | quainted. Sheridan.
mercy, and thanksgiving for blessings re- rank, It may be radically the same as the PREAD/AMITE, zn. (pre, before, and Adam.)
ceived. Italian proda, the prow of a ship; prode, An inhabitant of the earth that lived before
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and Adam. Pereyra.
when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Fa- profit, also valiant, whence prowess, from
ther who is in secret, and thy Father who some root signifying to advance. It some- PREADAMIT'I¢€, a. Designating what
seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly. Matt. times signifies beyond, and may be render- existed before Adam; as fictitious pread-
vi. ed very, as in prepotent. amitic periods. Kirwan.
 PRE PRE PRE
precarious ; personal advantages, health, Which of the different desires has precedency
PREADMINISTRA’TION, Previous
n.
in determining the will to the next action.
administration. Pearson. strength and beauty are all precarious, de-
Locke.
PREADMON’ISH, v. t. To admonish pre- pending on a thousand accidents.
Rogers. PRECE’DENT, a. Going before in time;
viously.
PREADMONI’TION, n. Previous warn- Wesay also, the weather is precarious ; anterior; antecedent; as precedent servi-
ces; a precedent fault of the will.
ing or admonition. a phrase in which we depart not more The world, or any part thereof, could not be
PRE/AMBLE, n. [It. preambolo ; Sp. pre- from the primary sense of the word, than) precedent to the creation of man. Hale.
ambulo ; Fr. préambule ; L. pre, before, we do in a large part of all the words in A precedent condition, in law, is a condition
and ambulo, to go.] the language. which must happen or be performed be-
1. Something previous; introduction to a PRE€A/RIOUSLY, adv. At the will or | fore an estate or some right can vest, and
discourse or writing. pleasure of others; dependently ; by an) on failure of which the estate or right is
2. The introductory part of a statute, which uncertain tenure ; as, he subsists precari- defeated. Blackstone.
states the reasons and intent of the law. ou sly. Lesley. Pope. PRECEDENT, n. Something done or said,
Encyc. Dryden. (PRE €A/RIOUSNESS, n. Uncertainty ; de- that may serve or be adduced as an ex-
pendence on the will or pleasure of oth- ample to authorize a subsequent act of the
PRE’/AMBLE, v.¢t. To preface; to intro- ers, or on unknown events; as the preca- | like kind.
duce with previous remarks. Feltham.
PREAM’BULARY,
riousness oflife or health.
Previous ;_ intro- PRE/CATIVE, Examples for cases can but direct as prece-
2, [L. precor, to pray.]}) dents only. Hooker.
PREAM'BULOUS, a ductory. [Not us- PRE’/€ATORY, § “ Suppliant ; beseech- 2 . In law, a judicial decision, interlocutory
ed. Brown.
i
ing. Harris. Hopkins. or final, which serves as a rule for future
PREAMBULATE, v. 4. [L. pre, before, PRECAUTION, n. [Fr. from L. precautus,| determinations in similar or analogous ca-
and ambulo, to walk.] To walk or go be- precaveo ;pre, before, and caveo, to take} ses ; or any proceeding or course of pro-
fore. Jordan.
care.| ceedings which may serve for a rule in
PREAMBULA’TION, n. A preamble. [JVot Previous caution or care; caution previous- subsequent cases of a like nature.
in use.| Chaucer. ly employed to prevent mischief or secure PREC/EDENTED, a. Having a_prece-
2. A walking or going before. good in possession. Addison. dent ; authorized by an example of a like
PREAM BULATORY, «a. Going before ; PRECAU’TION, v. t. To warn or advise ind.
preceding. Taylor. beforehand for preventing mischief or se- PRECE/DENTLY, adv. Beforehand ; an-
PREAPPREHEN’'SION, n. [See Appre- curing good. Locke.
hend.| An opinion formed before exam- tecedently.
PRECAU’TIONAL, a. Preventive of mis- PRECEL’LENCE, n. Excellence. [.Vot
ination. Brown.
PREASE, n. Press; crowd. [Not used.
chief. Montague. in use.| Sheldon.
PRECAU/TIONARY, a. Containing pre- \PRECEN’TOR, n. [Low L. pracentor ; Fr.
See Press.] Chapman. vious caution 3 as precautionary advice or precenteur ; It. precentore ; L. pre, before,
PRE/ASING, ppr. or a. Crowding. [Vol
used. | Spenser. admonition. and canto, to sing.]
2. Proceeding from previous caution ; adapt- The leader of the choir in a cathedral ; call-
PREAU'DIENCE, n. [See Audience.] Pre- ed to prevent mischief or secure good ; as ed also the chanter or master of the choir.
cedence or rank at the bar among law- precautionary measures. Encyc.
Zs 2 |
yers; right of previous audience. IPRECEDA‘NEOUS, a. [from precede, L. PRE'CEPT, an. [Fr. precepte; Sp. precepto;
Blackstone. precedo.| It. precetto; L. preceptum, from precipio,
PREB’END, x. fitprebenda, prebend, pro- Preceding ; antecedent ; anterior. |JVot used.] to command ; pra, before, and capio, to
vision; Sp. prebenda; Fr. prebende, from Hale. take.]
L. prebeo, to afford, to allow.) PRECE'DE, v. t. [L. precedo ; pra, before, . Ina general sense, any commandment or
. The stipend or maintenance granted out and cedo, to move. | order intended as an authoritative rule of
of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate 1. To go before in the order of time. The action; but applied particularly to com-
church. Prebends are simple or dignita- corruption of morals precedes the ruin of mands respecting moral conduct. The
ry ; simple, when they are restricted to the a state. ten commandments are so many precepts
revenue only, and dignitary, when they 2. 'To go before in rank or importance. for the regulation of our moral conduct.
have jurisdiction annexed to them. 3. To cause something to go before; to No arts are without their precepts. Dryden.
Encye. make to take place in prior time. 2. In law, a command or mandate in wri-
2. A prebendary. [Not in use.] Bacon. It is usual to precede hostilities by a public ting. Encyc.
PREBEND/AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. declaration. [ Unusual.] Kent. PRECEP’TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts.
Chesterfield. PRECE’DED, pp. Being gone before. Not in use.| Shak.
PREB/ENDARY, n. [Fr. prebendier.]| |An PRECE/DENCE, The act or state of| PRECEP’TION, n. A precept. [Not in
ecclesiastic who enjoys a prebend; the PRECE/DENCY, t” going before ; prior- use. | Hall.
stipendiary of a cathedral church. ity in time ; as the precedence of one event PRECEP’TIVE, a. [L. preceptivus.] Giv-
Swift. to another. ing precepts or commands for the regula-
A prebendary differs from a canon in 2. The state of going or being before in rank) tion of moral conduct; containing pre-
this; the prebendary receives his prebend or dignity or the place of honor ; the right cepts; as the preceplive parts of the Serip-
in consideration of his officiating in the to a more honorable place in public pro- tures.
church ; the canon merely in consequence cessions, in seats or in the civilities of life. 2. Directing in moral conduct ; giving rules
of his being received into the cathedral or Precedence depends on the order of nature or directions ; didactic.
college. Encye. or rank established by God himself, as that The lesson given us here is preceptive to us.
PREB/ENDARYSHIP, x. The office of a due to age; or on courtesy, custom or po- L’ Estrange.
prebendary ; a canonry. Wotton. litical distinction, as that due to a govern- Preceptive poetry. Encye.
PRECA/RIOUS, a. [L. precarius, from pre- or or senator, who, though younger in PRECEP’TOR, n. [L. preceptor. See Pre-
cor, to pray or entreat; primarily, depend- years, takes rank of a subordinate officer, cept.]
ing on request, or on the will of another.] though older ; or it is settled by authori- 1. Ina general sense, a teacher ; an instructor,
1. Depending on the will or pleasure of an- ty, as in Great Britain. In the latter case, 2. In a@ restricted sense, the teacher of a
other; held by courtesy; liable to be a violation of the right of precedence is ac-)| school; sometimes, the principal teacher
changed or lost at the pleasure of anoth- of an academy or other seminary.
tionable. PRECEPTO’RIAL, a. Pertaining to a pre-
er. A privilege depending on another's Precedence went in truck,
will is precarious, or held by a precarious And he was competent whose purse was so. || ceptor. Lit. Magazine.
tenure. Addison. Cowper. \PRECEP’TORY, a. Giving precepts.
. Uncertain; held by a doubtful tenure ; 3. The foremost in ceremony. Milton. Anderson.
depending on unknown or unforeseen 4. Superiority ;superior importance or in- |PRECEP’TORY, x. A subordinate reli-
causes or events. ‘Temporal prosperity is fluence. gious house where instruction was given.
 PRE PRE PRE
PRECES’SION, n. [Fr. precession ; It. pre- 2. A steep descent, in general. 3. Adopted with haste or without due de-
cessione ; from the L. pracessus, precedo, In the breaking of the waves there is ever liberation ; hasty; as a precipitate meas-
to go before.] s a precipice. Bacon., ure.
Literally, the act of going before, but in Swift down the precipice of time it goes. 4. Hasty ; violent ; terminating speedily in
this sense rarely or never used. , Dryden. death ; as a precipitate case of disease.
. In astronomy, the precession of the equinox, PRECIP'IENT, a. [L. precipiens. “See Arbuthnot.
is an annual motion of the equinox, or Precept.| Commanding ; directing. PRECIPITATE, n. A substance which,
point when the ecliptic intersects the {PRECIPITABILITY, n. [from precipita- having been dissolved, is again separated
equator, to the westward, amounting to]| ble.} The quality or state of being pre- from its solvent and thrown to the bottom
504”. This precession was discovered by cipitable. of the vessel by pouring another liquor
Hipparchus, a century and a half before | PRECIP'ITABLE, a. [from L. precipito, upon it.
the christian era, though it is alledged from preceps, headlong.) Precipitate per se, the red oxyd or peroxyd
that the astronomers of India had discov- That may be precipitated or cast to the bot- Red precijntate, ,of mercury. Thomson.
tom, as a substance in solution. PRECIPITATED, pp. Hurried ; hastened
ered it long before. At that time, the
point of the autumnal equinox was about |/PRECIP/‘ITANCE, from precipitant.| rashly ;thrown headlong.
six degrees to the eastward of the star /PRECIP/ITANCY, ," Headlong hurry ; PRECIPITATELY, adv. Headlong; with
ealled spica virginis. In 1750, that is, | rash haste; baste in resolving, forming an steep descent.
about nineteen hundred years after, this opinion or executing a purpose without 2. Hastily; with rash haste ; without due
point was observed to be about 20° 21') due deliberation. caution. Neither praise nor censure pre-
Hurried on by the precipitance of youth. cipitately.
westward of that star. Hence it appears | Swift.
that the equinoctial points will make an Rashness and precipitance of judgment. PRECIP/ITATING, ppr. Thowing head-
entire revolution in about 25,745 years. | Watts. long; hurrying ; hastening rasbly.
Encye. 2. Hurry ; great haste in going. Milton. PRECIPITA’TION, ». [L. precipitatio.|
PRE'CINET, n. [(L. precinctus, precingo, PRECIPITANT, a. [L. precipitans, pre- 1. The act of throwing headlong. Shak.
to encompass ; pre and cingo, to surround cipito, from preceps, headlong.| 2. A falling, flowing or rushing down with
or gird.] 1. Falling or rushing headlong ; rushing violence and rapidity.
i. The limit, bound or exterior line encom- down with velocity. The hurry, precipitation and rapid motion of
passing a place; as the precincts of light. They leave their little lives the water. Woodward.
Milton. Above the clouds, precipitant to earth. . Great hurry ; rash, tumultuous haste;
2. Bounds of jurisdiction, or the whole ter- | Philips.| rapid movement.
ritory comprehended within the limits of 2. Hasty ;urged with violent haste. { The precipitation of inexperience is often
authority. Should he return, that troop so b lithe and |
} restrained by shame. Rambler.
Take the body of A B, if to be found within bold,
your precincts. Technical Law. Precipitant in fear, would wing their flight. 14, The act or operation of throwing to the
3. A territorial district or division. Pope. bottom of a vessel any substance held in
it is to be observed that this word is gen- 3. Rashly hurried or hasty ; as precipitant solution by its menstruum. Precipitation
erally used in the plural, except in the | rebellion. kK. Charles. is often effected by a double elective at-
third sense. 4. Unexpectedly brought on or hastened. traction. Encye.
In case of non-acceptance [of the collector] | Taylor. PRECIPITATOR, n. One that urges on
the parish or precinct shall proceed to a new ‘PRECIP/ITANT, n. In chimistry, a liquor, with vehemence or rashness. Hammond.
choice. Law of Massachusetts.|) | which when poured on a solution, sepa- PRECIPITOUS, a. [L. praceps.] Very
| shuns ,
PRECIOSITY, for preciousness or value, \| rates what is dissolved and makes it pre- | steep; as a precipitous clifformountain.
not used. Brown. More.) cipitate, or fall to the bottom ina concrete (2. Headlong; directly or rapidly descend-
PRECIOUS, a. [Fr. precieux ; L. pretiosus,| state. Encye. ing; as a precipitous fall. K. Charles.
from pretium, price. See Praise.| PRECIPITANTLY, adv. With great 3. Hasty; rash ; heady.
1. Of great price; costly; as a precious haste ; with rash unadvised haste; with Advice unsafe, precipitous and bold.
stone. tumultuous hurry. Milton. | Dryden.
2. Of great value or worth; very valuable. IPRECIP/ITATE,
|
v.¢. [L. precipito, from PRECIPITOUSLY, adv. With steep de-
She is more precious than rubies. Prov. iii. }{ praceps, headlong. See Precipice.] scent; in violent fiaste.
|
3. Highly valued ; much esteemed. 1. To throw headlong; as, he precipitated PRECIP’ITOUSNESS, 1. Steepness of
The word of the Lord was precious in those | himself froma rock. Milton. Dryden. descent.
days ; there was no open vision. 1 Sam. iii. 2. To urge or press with eagerness or vio- 2. Rash haste. Hammond.
4. Worthless ; in irony and contempt. | lence ; as, to precipitate a flight. Dryden. PRECISE, a. (L. precisus, from precido,
| to cut off; pra and cedo; literally, cut or
Locke. 3. To hasten. |
Precious metals, gold and silver, so called on Short intermittent and swift recurrent pains pared away, that is, pared to smoothness
account oftheir value. do precipitate patients into consumptions. or exactness. |
PRE'CLOUSLY, adv. Valuably;to a great} Harvey. |i}{ 1 Exact; nice ; definite; having determin-
|
price. ‘4. To hurry blindly or rashly. ate limitations ; not Joose, vague, uncer-
2. Contemptibly ; in irony. If they be daring, it may precipitate their de-| tain or equivocal ; as precise rules of mo-
PRE”CIOUSNESS, n. Valuableness ; great | signs and prove dangerous. Bacon. | rality ;precise directions for life and con-
value; high price. Wilkins. '5. To throw to the bottom of a vessel; asa duct.
PRECIPE, n. pres'ipy. [L. precipio. See | substance in solution. | The law in this point is precise. Bacon.
Precept.| All metals may be precipitated by alkaline) For the hour precise
In law, a writ commanding the defend- salts. Encyc.| Exacts our parting. Milton.
ant to do a certain thing, or to show cause PRECIPITATE, v. i. To fall headlong. 2.
| Formal ; superstitiously exact; exces-
to the contrary ; giving him his choice to Shak.| sively nice ; punctilious in conduct or cer-
redress the injury or to stand the suit. 2. To fall to the bottom of a vessel, as sed- emony. Addison.
Blackstone. iment, or apy substance in solution. PRECISELY, adv. Exactly; nicely; ac-
PREC'IPICE, n. [Fr. from L. precipitium, Bacon. curately ; inexact conformity to truth or
from preceps, headlong ; pre, forward, '3. To hasten without preparation. Bacon.) to a model. The ideas are precisely ex-
and ceps, for caput, head. See Chief] PRECIPITATE, a. Falling, flowing or} pressed. The time of an eclipse may be
. Strictly, a falling headlong; hence, a rushing with steep descent. precisely determined by calculation.
steep descent ofland ; a fall or descent o Precipitate the furious torrent flows. Prior. When more of these orders than one are to
land, perpendicular or nearly so. 2. Headlong; over hasty; rashly hasty; as, be set in several stories, there must be an ex-
Where wealth, like fruit, on precipices grew. the king was too precipitate in declaring) quisite care to place the columns precisely one
Dryden, war. over another, Wotton.
 PRE PRE PRE
2. With excess of formality; with serupu- ‘Fo consider or contrive beforehand. [Little PRECURS/OR, n. [L. precursor, supra.]
lous exactness or punctiliousness in be- used.| _ Sherwood. A forerunner; a harbinger; he or that
havior or ceremony. PRE€OGITA’TION, xn. Previous thought which precedes an event and indicates its
PRECISENESS, n. Exactness;_ rigid or consideration. Dict. approach; as Jove’s lightnings, the pre-
nicety ; as the preciseness of words or ex- PRECOGNITA. [See Precognita.] cursors of thunder. Shak.
pressions. PRE€OGNITION, n. [L. pre, before, and A cloud in the southwest, in winter, is
I will distinguish the cases ; though give me cognitio, knowledge. | often the precursor of a snow storm. A
leave, in handling them, not to sever them with 1. Previous knowledge; antecedent exam- hazy atmosphere in the west, at sunset, is
too much preciseness. Bacon. ination. Fotherby. often the precursor of acloudy or of a rainy
2. Excessive regard to forms or rules ; rigid 2. In Scots law, an examination of witnesses day. U. States.
formality. to a criminal act, before a judge, justice of] Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precurs-
PRECI’SIAN, vn. s as z. One that limits or the peace or sherif, before the prosecu- ors oi all the storms and tempests of the soul.
restrains. Shak. tion of the offender, in order to know Buckminster.
2, One who is rigidly or ceremoniously ex- whether there is ground of trial, and to PRECURS/ORY, a. Preceding as the har-
act in the observance of rules. enable the prosecutor to set forth the facts binger ; indicating something to follow:
Drayton. Watts. in the libel. Encye. as precursory symptoms of a fever. i
PRECI’SIANISM, n. Excessive exact- PRECOMPO'SE, v. t. [See Compose.] ‘To Med. Repos.
ness 3 superstitious rigor. Milton. compose beforehand. Johnson. PRECURS/ORY, n. An introduction. {Vor
(These two words are, I believe, little PRECOMPO'SED, pp. Composed before- used. Hammond.
used, or not at all.} hand. PREDA/CEOUS, a. [L. predaceus, trom
PRECISION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L. preci- PREC€OMPO'SING, ppr. Composing before- preda, prey, spoil.]
sio.! Exact limitation ; exactness ;accura- hand. Living by prey. Derham.
cy. Precision in the use of wordsis a prime PRE€ONCE'TT, n. [See Preconceive.| An PRE’DAL, a. [L. preda, prey.] Pertaining
excellence in discourse ; it is indispensa- opinion or notion previously formed. to prey. A
ble in controversy, in legal instruments Hooker. 2. Practicing plunder. Boyle.
and in mathematical calculations. Nei- PRECONCE'IVE, v. t. [L. pre, before, and PRED‘ATORY, a. [L. predaiorius, from
ther perspicuity nor precision should be concipio, to conceive. | preda, prey.]|
sacrificed to ornament. To form a conception or opinion before- 1. Plundering; pillaging ; characterized by
PRECISIVE, a. Exactly limiting by sepa- hand ; to form a previous notion or idea. plundering ; practicing rapine ;as a pred-
rating what is not relative to the purpose ; In a dead plain, the way seems the longer, atory war ; a predatory excursion; a pred-
as precisive abstraction. Watts. because the eye has preconceived it shorter than atory party.
PRECLUDE, v. t. [L. precludo; pre, be- the truth. Bacon. 2. Hungry; ravenous; as predatory spirits
fore, and cludo, claudo, to shut.] PRECONCEIVED, pp. Conceived before- or appetite. [Hardly allowable.] — Bacon.
1. To prevent from entering by previously hand; previously formed ; as preconceived PREDECE/ASE, v. «. [pre and decease. |
shutting the passage, or by any previous opinions ; preconceived ends or purposes. To die before. Shak.
measures ; hence, to hinder from access, South. PREDECE’ASED, a. Dead before. Shak.
possession or enjoyment. Sin, by its very PRECONCE'IVING, ppr. Conceiving or PREDECES’/SOR, n. [Fr. prédécesseur; L.
nature, precludes the sinner from heaven ;) forming beforehand. pre and decedo, to depart.]
it precludes the enjoyment of God’s favor; PRECONCEP’TION, x. Conception or A person who bas preceded another in the
or it precludes the favor of God. opinion previously formed. Hakewill. same office. The king, the president, the
The valves preclude the blood from entering} PRECONCERT,, v. t. [pre and concert.] To Judge, or the magistrate, follows the steps
the veins. Darwin. concert beforehand ; to settle by previous of his predecessor, or he does not imitate the
2. To prevent from happening or taking} agreement. e example of his predecessors. It is distin-
lace. PRECONCERT‘ED, pp. Previously con-) guished from ancestor, who is of the same
PRECLUDED, pp. Hindered from enter-| certed or settled. Warton. blood; but it may perhaps be sometimes
ing or enjoyment ; debarred from some-| PRECONCERT'ING, ppr. Contriving and used for it. Hooker. Addison.
thing by previous obstacles, settling beforehand. PREDESIGN, v. t. To design or purpose
beforehand ; to predetermine.
PRECLU'DING, ppr. Shutting out; pre- PRECONIZA’TION, x. [L. preconium, from
venting from access or possession or from preco, a crier.] PREDESIGNED, pp. Purposed or deter-
having place. A publishing by proclamation, or a proe- mined previously. Mitford.
PREE€LU’SION, n. s as z. The act of shut- lamation. [JVot used.] Hall. PRE PECIGHING: ppr. Designing previ-
ting out or preventing from access or pos- PRECONSIGN, v. t. [pre and consign.] To
ously.
session ; the state of being prevented from consign beforehand; to make a previous ae eee n. [See Predestin-
consignment of. ate.
entering, possession or enjoyment.
Ranobler, PRECON'STITUTE, v. t. [pre and consti- One that believes in the doctrine of predes-
PRECLU'SIVE, a. Shutting out, or tend- tute.| tination. Walton.
ing to preclude; hindering by previous To constitute or establish beforehand. PREDES/TINATE, a. Predestinated ;fore-
obstacles. Burke.) PRECON'STITUTED, pp. Previously es- ordained. Burnet.
tablished. Paley. PREDES’TINATE, v. ¢. [It. predestinare ;
PRE€LU/SIVELY, adv. With hinderance PRECON’STITUTING, ppr. Constituting Fr. predestiner ; L. pradestino; pre and
by anticipation. destino, to appoint.]
beforehand.
PREEO'CIOUS, a. [L. pracor; pre, be- PRECON’TRACT, n. [pre and contract.} To predetermine or foreordain ; to appoint
fore, and coquo, to cook or prepare.| A contract previous to another. Shak. or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable
1, Ripe before the proper or natural time; PRECONTRACT,, v. t. To contract or stip- purpose.
as precocious trees. Brown. ulate previously. _ Whom he did foreknow, he also did predes-
2. Premature. PRECONTRACT,, v. i. To make a previ- tinate to be conformed to the image of his Son.
Rom. viii.
PRE€O/CIOUSNESS, Rapid growth ous contract or agreement.
PRECOCITY, ,™ ond ripeness PRECONTRACT’ED, pp. Previously con- Having predestinated us unto the adoption
of children by Jesus Christ to himself. Eph. i.
before the usual time; prematureness. tracted or stipulated ; previously engaged PREDES’TINATED, pp. Predetermined;
Howell. by contract; as a woman precontracted to foreordained ; decreed.
I cannot learn that he gave,in his youth, any another man. Ayliffe.|
evidence of that precocity which sometimes dis- PRECONTRACT'ING, ppr. Stipulating or) PREDES’/TINATING, ppr. Foreordaining ;
tinguishes uncommon genius. decreeing ;appointing beforehand by an
covenanting beforehand. unchangeable purpose.
, Wirt’s Life of P. Henry,
PRECURSE, n. precurs’. [L. precursus, pre- 2. Holding predestination.
PRECOGITATE, v. t. (L. precogito ;pra! curro; pre and curro, to run.] And pricks up his predestinating ears.
and cogito.] A forerunning. [JVot used.] Shak.| Dryden.
 PRE PRE Pw E
PREDESTINA’TION, n. The act of de- We say, the country is in a singular pre- PREDOM INANCE, [See Predomi-
creeing or foreordaining events; the de- dicament. PREDOMINANCY, ;™ nant.]
cree of God by which he hath, from PREDICAMENT‘AL, a. Pertaining to a 1. Prevalence over others; superiority in
eternity, unchangeably appointed or de- predicament. Hale. strength, power, influence or authority;
termined whatever comes to pass. It is PRED‘ICANT, n. [L. predicans, predico.]| ascendancy ; as the predominance ofa red
used particularly in theology to denote the One that affirms any thing. color in a body of various colors ; the pre-
preordination of men to everlasting hap- PREDICATE, v. t. [L. predico; pre and dominance of love or anger among the
piness or misery. Encye. dico, to say.] passions; the predominance ofself-interest
Predestination is a part of the unchangeable To affirm one thing of another; as, to pred- over all other considerations ; the predom-
plan ofthe divine government ; or in oth-, tcate whiteness of snow. Reason may! mance of imperial authority in the confed-
er words, the unchangeable purpose of an, be predicated of man. eracy.
unchangeable God. |PRED/I€ATE, v. 7. To affirm ; to comprise 9 In astrology, the superior influence of a
PREDES’TINATOR, n. Properly, one that an affirmation. Hale. planet.
foreordains. PREDICATE, n. In logic, that which, in a PREDOMINANT, a. [Fr. predominant ; Tt.
2. One that holds to predestination. Cowley.| proposition, is affirmed or denied of the predominante ; L. pre and dominans, dom-
PREDES’TINE, v. t. To decree before-) subject. In these propositions, “ paper is tnor, to rule.]
hand; to foreordain. i
white,” “ink ts not white,” whiteness is the Prevalent over others; superior in strength,
And bid predestined empires rise and fall. } predicate affirmed of paper, and denied ofj influence or authority ;ascendant; ruling ;
Prior. |) ink. Watts. controlling ;as a predominant color; pre-
PREDETERM’INATE, a. Determined be- |PREDI€A‘TION, n. [L. predicatio.}
| Af-) dominant beauty or excellence ; a predom-
forehand ; as the predeterminate counsel of)l| firmation of something, or the act of af-|) inant passion.
God. Parkhurst.) || firming one thing of another. Locke.) Those helps—were predominant in the
PREDETERMINA'TION, n. [See Prede- } PRED/I€CATORY, a. Affirmative ; positive.|| king’s mind. Bacon.
termine. | |
Bp. Hall. Foul subornation is predominant. Shak.
1. Previous determination; purpose formed PREDICT’, v. t. [L. predictus, predico; PREDOMINANTLY, adv. With superior
4
beforehand ; as the predetermination ot pre, before, and dico, to tell.]
strength or influence. Brown.
God’s will. Hammond. To foretell; to tell beforehand something) PREDOMINATE, v. 7. [Fr. predominer;
2. Premotion; that concurrence of God | Sp. predominar ; It. predominare; L. pra.
that is to happen. Moses predicted the||
which determines men in their actions. | dispersion of the Israelites. Christ pre-|| lord.]
before, and doménor, to rule, from dominus,
Enceyc.|) || dicted the destruction of Jerusalem.
PREDETERM INE, v. #. [pre and determ- PREDI€T‘ED, pp. Foretold; told before To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence
ine. | the event.
or authority ;to be superior ; to have con-
1. iG determine beforehand; to settle in
(PREDICTING, ppr. Foretelling. trolling influence. In some persons, the
purpose or counsel. PREDI€’TION, n. [L. predictio.] A fore- love of money predominates over all other
If God foresees events, he must have prede- i|
{ telling ; a previous declaration ofa future passions; in others, ambition or the love
termined them. Fale.|| of fame predominates ; in most men, self-
2. To doom by previous decree. event; prophecy. The fulfillment of the)
interest predominates over patriotism and
PRE'DIAL, a. (Sp. predial, from L. pre- predictions of the prophets is considered to! philanthropy.
dium, a farm or estate. ] I be a strong argument in favor of the di- So much did love t’ her executed lord
1. Consisting of land or farms; real estate. | vine origin of the Scriptures. Predominate in this fair lady’s heart.
Ayliffe.| PREDICTIVE, a. Foretelling ; proy phetic.| Daniel.
2. Attached to land or farms; as predial More. | The rays reflected least obliquely may pre-
slaves. Encyc.| PREDI€T’OR, x. A foreteller; one who), dominate over the rest. -Vewton.
3. Growing or issuing from land; as predial| | prophesies. Swift. PREDOMINATE, v. é. To rule over.
tithes. PREDIGES’TION, xn. [pre and digestion.] |PREDOM'INATING, ppr. Having supe-
PREDICABILITY, n. [from predicable.} | 'Too hasty digestion. rior strength or influence; ruling; con-
The quality of being predicable, or capa-| Predigestion fills the body with crudities. trolling.
ble of being affirmed of something, or at-; Bacon. PREDOMINA’TION, x. Superior strength
tributed to something. Reid. \PREDILE€'TION, n. [Fr.; It. predilezione; or influence. Browne.
PREDICABLE, a. [L. predicabilis, from! | L, pre, before, and dilectus, diligo, to love.]) PRE-ELE€T’, v. t. [pre and elect.] To
predico, to aftirm ; pre and dico, tosay.] | A previous liking ; a prepossession of mind choose or elect beforehand. Dict.
That may be affirmed of something; that | in favor of something. Warton. PRE-ELE€’TION, n. Choice or election by
may be attributed to. Animal is predica- PREDISPO'NENT, n. That which predis-| previous determination of the will.
ble of man. Intelligence is not predicable | poses. Prideaux.
of plants. More or less is not predicable PREDISPO’SE, v.t. s as z. [pre and dispose.}) PRE-EM’INENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. preeminenza ;
ofa circle or of a square. Whiteness is| ‘1. To incline beforehand; to give a previous) pre and eminence. |
not predicable of time. disposition to; as, to predispose the mind 1. Superiority in excellence; distinction in
PRED TCABLE, n. One of the five things, | or temper to friendship. South. something commendable ; as pre-eminence
which can be affirmed of any thing. Ge- 2. To fit or adapt previously ; as, debility | in honor or virtue; pre-eminence in elo-
nus, species, difference, property, and ac-! | predisposes the body to disease. quence, in legal attainments or in medical
cident are the five predicables. Watts. |[PREDISPO’SED, pp. Previously inclined skill.
PREDICAMENT, n. [Fr. from L. predica-|| or adapted. The preeminence of christianity to any other
mentum, from predico, to aftirm.] /PREDISPO/SING, ppr. Inclining or adapt- religious scheme— Addison.
1. In logic, a category ; a series or order of'| ing beforehand. 2. Precedence ; priority of place ; superiori-
all the predicates or attributes contained /2. a. Tending or able to give predisposition ty in rank or dignity.
under any genus. The school philoso-| That in all things he might have the preem-
or liableness ; as the predisposing causes inence. Col.i.
phers distribute all the objects of our! of disease.
Painful preeminence ! yourself to view
thoughts and ideas into genera or classes, |PREDISPOSITION, n. Previous inclina-
Above life’s weakness and its comforts too.
which the Greeks call categories, and the! tion or propensity to any thing ; applied Pope.
Latins predicaments. Aristotle made ten| |_ to the mind. 3. Superiority of power or influence.
categories, viz. substance, quantity, quali-| \2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any Hooker.
ty, relation, action, passion, time, place, change, impression or purpose; applied to ‘4, Sometimes in a bad sense; as pre-eminence
situation and habit. Encyc. matter ; as the predisposition of the body in guilt or crime.
Class or kind described by any definite to disease ; the predisposition of the seas-| PRE-EM‘INENT, a. [Fr.; pre and eminent ;
marks ; hence, condition; particular situ- ons to generate diseases. L. pre, before, and eminens, emineo. See
ation or state. Shak.|| Wiseman. Bacon.| Menace.)
Vol. ET. Al
 PRE PRE PRE
1, Superior in excellence; distinguished for PREE/NING, ppr. Cleaning and composing PRE/FE€TSHIP, The office of a chief
something commendable or honorable. the fethers, as fowls. PRE/FEC€TURE, : * magistrate, com-
In goodness and in power preeminent. PRE-ESTAB/LISH, v. t. [pre and establish.} mander or viceroy.
Milton. To establish or settle beforehand. 2. Jurisdiction of a prefect.
2. Surpassing others in evil or bad quali- Coventry. PREFER’, v. t.(L. prafero ;pre, before, and
ties ; as pre-eminent in crime or guilt. PRE-ESTAB’/LISHED, pp. Previously es- Jfero, to bear er carry; Fr. preferer; It.
PRE-EM‘INENTLY, adv. Ina preeminent; tablished. preferire ; Sp. preferir.|
degree ; with superiority or distinction) PRE-ESTAB/LISHING, ppr. Settling or 1. Literally, to bear or carry in advance, in
above others; as pre-eminently wise or ordaining beforehand. the mind, affections or choice; hence, to
good. PRE-ESTAB/LISHMENT, n. Settlement regard more than another; to honor or
2. In a bad sense; as pre-eminently guilty. beforehand. esteem above another.
PRE-EMP’TION, 2x. [L. pre, before, and PRE-EXAMINA’TION, n. Previous exam- It is sometimes followed by above, be-
emptio, a buying; emo, to buy.] The act ination. Sore, or to.
of purchasing before others. PRE-EXAM‘INE, v. t. To examine before- If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy.
© The right of purchasing before others. hand. Ps. exxxvii.
Prior discovery of unoccupied land gives PRE-EXIST,, v. 7. [pre and exist.] To exist He that cometh after me, is preferred before
the discoverer the prior right of occu- beforehand or betore something else. It me. John i.
pancy. Prior discovery of land inhabited has been believed by many philosophers 2. 'To advance, as to an office or dignity ; to
by savages is held to give the discoverer that the souls of men pre-exist, that is, ex- raise ; to exalt; as, to prefer one to a bish-
the pre-emption, or right of purchase before ist before the formation of the body. opric; to prefer an officer to the rank of
others. general.
PRE-EXIST’ENCE, n. Existence previous 3. To offer; to present; to exhibit ;usually
Yo. Formerly, in England, the privilege or to something else.
prerogative enjoyed by the king, of buying with solemnity, or to a public body. It is
Wisdom declares her antiquity and pre-
provisions for his household in preference existence to all the works of this earth. our privilege to enjoy the right of prefer-
to others, abolished by statute 19. Charles) Burnet. ring petitions to rulers for redress of
Il. 2. Existence of the soul before its union with wrongs.
the body, or before the body is formed ; a My vows and prayers to thee preferred.
PREEN, 2. [Scot. prein, prin, a pen; Dan. Sandys.
preen, the point of a graving tool, a bod- tenet of eastern sages. Addison. Prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments
kin; D. priem, a pin. a spike ; G. pfrieme, PRE-EXIST’ENT, a. Existing beforehand ; since the conquest. Collier.
a punch. These are probably the same preceding in existence. 4. To offer or present ceremoniously, or in
word, a little varied.] What mortal knows his pre-ewistent state ? ordinary familiar language.
A forked instrument used by clothiers in Pope.
dressing cloth. He spake, and to her hand preferr’d the
PRE-EXISTIMA’TION, n. Previous es- bowl. Pope.
PREEN, v.t. [Scot. proyne, prunyie ;Chau- teem. [Volt in use.] Brown.
cer, proine. This word is probably the PRE-EXISTING, ppr. Previously existing. [This is allowable, at least in poetry,
same as the foregoing, denoting the use of; though not usual. }
the beak in cleaning and composing the PRE-EXPE€TA’TION, n. Previous ex- PREF’ERABLE, a. [Fr.] Worthy to be
fethers. So pikith, in Chaucer, is from pectation. [Qu. is not this tautology ?] preferred or chosen before something else:
pike, pick. Gerard. more eligible; more desirable. Virtue is
He kembith him; he proinith him and PREF’ACE, n. [Fr. from L. prefatio; pra,|| far preferable to vice, even for its pleas-
pikith. Cant. Tales, 9885. before, and for, fari, fatus, to speak.] ures in this life.
Tf not, the word may be contracted from Something spoken as introductory to a dis- 2. More excellent; of better quality ; as,
the Fr. provigner, to propagate vines by course, or written as introductory to a Madeira wine is preferable to claret.
Jaying cuttings in the ground.] book or essay, intended to inform the PREF’/ERABLENB#SS, n. The quality or
To clean, compose and dress the fethers, as hearer or reader of the main design, or state of being preferable. Mountague.
fowls, to enable them to glide more easily in general, of whatever is necessary to the PREF’ERABLY, adv. In preference; in
through the air or water. For this pur- understanding of the discourse, book or such a manner as to prefer one thing ta
pose they are furnished with two glands) essay ; a proem; an introduction or series another.
on their rump, which secrete an oily sub- of preliminary remarks. Milton. How comes he to choose Plautus preferably
stance into a bag, from which they draw PREF’ACE, v.t. To introduce by prelim- to Terence ? Dennis.
it with the bill and spread it over their inary remarks; as, to preface a book or PREF’ERENCE, n. The act ofpreferring
fethers. Bailey. Encye. discourse. The advocate prefaced his ar- one thing before another; estimation of
PRE-ENGA/GE, v. t. [pre and engage.] To gument with a history of the case. one thing above another; choice of one
engage by previous contract. 2. To face; to cover ; a ludicrous sense. thing rather than another.
To Cipseus by his friends his suit he mov’d, Not prefacing old rags with plush. Leave the critics on either side to contend
But he was pre-engag’d by former ties. Cleaveland.
about the preference due to this or that sort of
Dryden. PREFACE, v.%. To say something intro-| poetry. Dryden.
ductory. Spectator.
2. To engage or attach by previous influ- It has to, above, before, or over, before the
ence. PREF’/ACED, pp. Introduced with prelim-} thing postponed. All men give the pref-
The world has the unhappy advantage of pre- inary observations. erence to Homer as an epic poet. The hu-
engaging our passions. Rogers. PREF’ACER, n. The writer ofa preface. man body has the preference above or be-
3. To engage beforehand. Dryden. fore those of brutes.
PRE-ENGA’GED, pp. Previously engaged PREF’/ACING, ppr. Introducing with pre- The knowledge of things alone gives a value
by contract or influence. liminary remarks. to our reasonings, and preference of one man’s
PRE-ENGA/GEMENT, n. Prior engage- PREF’/ATORY, a. Pertaining to a preface; knowledge over another’s Locke.
ment; as by stipulation or promise. A introductory to a book, essay or discourse. PREFER’MENT, 7. [It. preferimenio.] Ad-
would accept my invitation, but for his Dryden. vancement to a higher office, dignity or
pre-engagement to B. PRE/FECT, n. [L. prefectus; pre, before, station. Change of manners and even of
2. Any previous attachment binding the will and factus, made; but direetly from prefi- character often follows preferment. A
or affections. cior, prefectus. | profligate life should be considered a dis-
My pre-engagements to other themes were 1. In ancient Rome, a chief magistrate who) qualification for preferment, no less than
not unknown to those for whom I was to write. governed a city or province in the absence want of ability.
* Boyle. PUI)
Encyc.|\2. Superior place or office. All preferments
of the king, consuls or emperor. |
PRE-ENGA’GING, ppr. Previously engag- 2. A governor, commander, chief magistrate should be given to competent men.
ing. or superintendent. Hammond. Addison. 3. Preference. [.Vot used.] Brown.
 PRE PRE PRE

.
PREFER/RED, pp. Regarded above oth- 2. Fertitity; fruitfulness; inventive power ; The committee of council hath prejudged
ers; elevated in station. as the pregnancy of wit or invention. the whole case, by calling the united sense of
PREFER’RER, n. One who prefers. Prior. both houses of parliament an universal clamor.
PREFER’RING, ppr. Regarding above Pregnance, in a like sense, is not used. Swift.
others ; advancing toa higher station ; of- PREG'NANT, a. [L. pregnans ; supposed 2. To judge and determine before the cause
fering ; presenting. to be compounded ofpra, before, and geno, is heard; hence sometimes, to condemn
PREFIG/URATE, v. t. [See Prefigure.] Gr. yeaa, to beget; It. pregnante; Sp. beforehand or unheard. Milton.
To show by antecedent representation. prenado. | PREJUDG’/ED, pp. Judged beforehand ;
{Little used.| 1. Being with young, asa female; breeding; determined unheard.
PREFIGURA/TION, n. Antecedent rep- teeming. PREJUDG/ING, ppr. Judging or deter-
resentation by similitude. 2. Fruitful; fertile ;impregnating ; as preg- mining without a hearing or before the
A variety of prophecies and prefigurations nant streams. Dryden. case is fully understood.
had their punctual accomplishment in the au- 3. Full of consequence; as a pregnant in- PREJUDG'MENT, n. Judgment in a case
thor of this institution. Norris. stance ofinfatuation. without a hearing or full examination.
PREFIG/URATIVE, a. Showing by pre- An egregious and pregnant instance how far Knov.
vious figures, types or similitude. 'The virtue surpasses ingenuity. Woodward. PREJU'DICACY, xn. Prejudice; prepos-
sacrifice of the paschal lamb was prefigu- 4. Easy to admit or receive. session. [JVot used.] Blount.
rative of the death of Christ. Tam pregnant to good pity. [Vot proper.] PREJU’/DI€ATE, v. t. [L. pre, before, and
PREFIG/URE, v. t. [L. pre, before, and hak. judico, to judge.}
Jiguro, to fashion.] 5. Free; kind; ready; witty; apt. [Vol To prejudge; to determine beforehand to
To exhibit by antecedent representation, or proper. | Shak. disadvantage.
by types and similitude. 6. Plain ; clear; evident; full. [Not in use.] Our dearest friend
In the Old Testament, things are prefigured, | Shak. Prejudicates the business. Shak.
which are performed in the New. Hooker. |PREG'NANTLY, adv. Fruitfully. PREJU'DICATE, v. i. To form a judg-
PREFIG‘URED, pp. Exhibited by antece- 2. Fully; plainly; clearly. [.Vot used.] ment without due examination of the
dent signs, types or similitude. Shak. South. facts and arguments in thecase. Sidney.
PREFIG‘URING, ppr. Showing antece- \PRE/GRAVATE, v.t. [L. pregravo.] To PREJU'DICATE, a. Formed before due
dently by similitude. bear down; to depress. [JVot in use.] examination. Watts.
PREFINE, v. t. [L. prefinio; pre, before, Hall. 2. Prejudiced; biased by opinions formed
and finio, to limit; finis, limit.] To limit |PREGRAVITATE, v. i. To descend by prematurely; as a prejudicate reader.
beforehand. [Little used.] Knolles. gravity. Boyle. [Little used.] Brown.
PREFINI’TION, n. Previous limitation. /PREGUSTA’TION, x. [L. pre and gusto, PREJU'DICATED, pp. Prejudged.
[Little used.) Fotherby.| to taste.| The act of tasting before an- PREJU/DICATING, ppr. Prejudging.
PREFIX, v. t. [L. prafigo; pre, before, and other. PREJUDICA’TION, n. The act of judging
Dict.
Jigo, to fix.] PREHEN’SILE, a. [L. prehendo, to take or without due examination of facts and evi-
1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of) seize ; prehensus. | dence. Sherwood.
| Sines
another thing; as, to prefix a syllable to a Seizing: grasping; : 2. In Roman oratory, prejudications were ot
adapted to seize or
word ; to prefir an advertisement to al grasp. The tails of some monkeys are three kinds; first, precedents or adjudged
book. prehensile. Nat. Hist. Encyc. cases, involving the same points of law;
2. To set or appoint beforehand ; as, to pre- PREHEN’SION, n. A taking hold; a seiz- second, previous decisions on the same
Jix the hour of meeting. ing ; as with the hand or other limb. question between other parties; third,
A time prefir, and think of me at last. Lawrence. decisions of the same cause and between
. Sandys. |PREHNITE, n. [from Prehn, the name of) the same parties, before tribunals of infe-
3. To settle; to establish. the person who first brought this stone) rior jurisdiction. Adams’ Lect.
from the Cape of Good Hope.] |PREJU/DICATIVE, a. Forming an opin-
I would prefix some certain boundary be- ion or judgment without examination.
tween the old statutes and the new. Hale. A mineral ofthe silicious kind, of an apple}
More.
PRE'FIX, xn. A letter, syllable or word put! green or greenish gray color. It has been
to the beginning ofa word, usually to vary called shorl, emerald, chrysoprase, fel- PREJ'UDICE, n. [Fr. from L. prejudicium ;
spath, chrysolite, and zeolite. It has some) pre and judico.|
its signification. A prefix is united with!
the word, forming a part of it; hence it is resemblance to zeolite, but differs from it 1, Prejudgment; an opinion or decision of
in several particulars, and is therefore) mind, formed without due examination
distinguished from a preposition; as pre,
in prefix; con, in conjure; with, in with- considered to be a particular species. of the facts or arguments which are ne-
stand. Prefixes are sometimes called par- Kirwan. cessary to a just and impartial determina-
ticles, or inseparable prepositions. | Prehnite is near to stilbite, and is class- tion. Itis used in a good or bad sense.
PREFIX’ED, pp. Set before ; appointed be-| ed by the French with the family of zeo- Innumerable are the prejudices of educa-
forehand; settled. || lites. tion; we are accustomed to believe what
It is massive or crystalized, but the} we are taught, and to receive opinions
PREFIX'ING, ppr. Putting before; previ- form of its crystals cannot be determined) from others without examining the
ously appointing; establishing. || in consequence of their aggregation. grounds by which they can be supported.
PREFIX'ION, n. The act ofprefixing. Cleaveland. A man has strong prejudices in favor of
PREFORM,, v. t. [pre and form.] To form 'PREINSTRUETY, v. t. {pre and instruct.] his country or his party, or the church in
beforehand. Shak. | ‘To instruct previously. More. which he has been educated; and often
PREFORM ATIVE, n. [L. pre, before, and PREINSTRUET’ED, pp. Previously in- our prejudices are unreasonable. A judge
JSormative.| structed or directed. should disabuse himself of prejudice in fa-
A formative letter at the beginning of a| PREINSTRUCT’ING, ppr. Previously in- vor ofeither party in a suit.
word. M. Stuart. structing. My comfort is that their manifest prejudice
PREFUL'GENCY, n. [L. prefulgens ;pre, PREINTIMA’'TION, to my cause will render their judgment of less
n. [pre and intima- authority. Dryden.
before, and fulgeo, to shine.] tion.
Superior brightness or effulgency. Barrow. pent intimation; a suggestion before- . A previous bent or bias of mind for or
against any person or thing; preposses-
PREG‘NABLE, a. [Fr. prenable.] That hand. T. Scott. sion.
may be taken or won by force ;expugna-| PREJUDGE, v. t. prejudj’. (Fr. prejuger; There is an unaccountable prejudice to pro-
ble. [Little used.] Cotgrave. L. pre and judico, to judge.] jectors of all kinds. Addison.
PREG’NANCY, n. [See Pregnant.) The 1. To judge in a cause before it !~ heard, or 3. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury. -Vio-
state of a female who has conceived, or before the arguments and facts in the case! lent factions are a prejudice to the author-
is with child. Ray. are fully known. ity of the sovereign,
 PRE PRE PRE
How plain this abuse is, and what prejudice [PRE/LATURE, [Fr. prelaiure.]| PREMATU’RE,a. [Fr. prématuré, from 1.
it does to the understanding of the sacred PRE/LATURESHIP, ;™ The state or prematurus; pre, before, and maturus,
Scriptures. Locke. dignity ofa prelate. Dict.) ripe.]
[This is a sense of the word too well estab- \PRE‘LATY, n. Episcopacy; prelacy. {JVot 1. Ripe before the natural or proper time :
lished to be condemned.] in use.| Milton. as the premature fruits of a hot bed.
PREJUDICE, v. t. To prepossess with un- PRELECT’, v. t. [L. prelectus, prelego ;) 2. Happening, arriving, performed or adopt-
examined opinions, or opinions formed) pre, before, and lego, to read.] | ed before the proper time; as a premature
without due knowledge of the facts and To read a lecture or public discourse. | fall of snow in autumn ; a premature birth ;
circumstances attending the question; to Horsley.| a premature opinion; a premature meas-
bias the mind by hasty and incorrect no- PRELE€’TION, n. [L. prelectio.] A lec- ure.
tions, and give it an unreasonable bent to ture or discourse read in public or toa 3. Arriving or received without due authen-
one side or other of a cause. select company. Hale. tication or evidence ; as premature report,
Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice \/PRELE€’TOR, n. A reader of discourses ; news or intelligence.
your mind so far as to despise all other learn- a lecturer. Sheldon. PREMATU’RELY, adv. Too soon; too
ing. Watts. \PRELIBA‘TION, 2. [from L. prelibo ; pre, early ; before the proper time; as fruits
2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or an before, and libo, to taste.| | prematurely ripened ; opinions prematurely
undue previous bias of the mind; or to 1. Foretaste ;a tasting beforehand or by an-, formed ; measures prematurely taken.
hurt; todamage; to diminish ; to impair; ticipation. 2.
| Without due evidence or authentication ;
ina very general sense. ‘The advocate The joy that proceeds froma belief of pardon, as intelligence prematurely received.
who attempts to prove too much, may prej- is a prelibation of heavenly bliss. PREMATU’/RENESS, Ripeness — be-
udice his cause. 2. An effusion previous to tasting. Qu. |PREMATU’RITY, fn fore the natu-
1 am not to prejudice the cause of my fellow Johnson. ral or proper time.
poets, though |abandon my own defense. PRELIMINARY, a. [Fr. preliminaire; It. 2. Too great haste ; unseasonable earliness.
Dryden. preliminare ; Sp. preliminar; L. pre, be-| Warton.
PREJUDICED, pp. or a. Prepossessed by fore, and Limen, threshhold or limit.] | PREMED'ITATE, v. t. [Fr. premediter ;
unexamined opinions ; biased. Introductory ; previous ;_ proemial ; that It. premeditare ; L. premeditor ; pra, be-
PREJUDICIAL, a. Biased or blinded by precedes the main discourse or business; fore, and meditor, to meditate. ]
prejudices; as a prejudicial eye. [ot in as preliminary observations to a discourse, To think on and revolve in the mind before-
use. | Hooker. or book ; preliminary articles to a treaty ; hand ; to contrive and design previously;
ino. Hurtful; mischievous; injurious; disad- reliminary measures. | as, to premeditate theft or robbery.
vantageous; detrimental; tending to ob- (PRELIMINARY, n. That which precedes With words premeditated thus he said.
struct or impair. A high rate of interest the main discourse, work, design or busi- Dryden.
is prejudicial to trade and manufactures. ness ; something previous or preparatory ; PREMED‘ITATE, v. 7. To think, consider
Intemperance is prejudicial to health. as the preliminaries to a negotiation or or revolve in the mind beforehand; to de-
His going away the next morning with all his treaty ; the preliminaries to a combat.
troops, was most prejudicial to the king’s af- liberate ; to have formed in the mind by
The parties met to settle the prelimina- previous thought or meditation. Hooker.
fairs. Clarendon.
One of the young ladies reads while the oth- ries. |/PREMED/‘ITATE, a. Contrived by previ-
ers are at work; so that the learning of the PRE/LUDE, n. [Fr. id.; It. Sp. preludio ; ous meditation. Burnet.
family is not at all prejudicial to its manufac- Low L. preludium, from preludo; pre, PREMEDITATED, pp. Previously con-
tures. Addison. before, and Ludo, to play.] | sidered or meditated.
PREJUDI’CIALNESS, n. The state of 1. A short flight of music, or irregular air 2. Previously contrived, designed or intend-
being prejudicial ;injuriousness. played by a musician before he begins the ed; deliberate; willful; as premeditated
PRE'LACY, n. [from prelate.] The office piece to be played, or before a full concert.| murder.
or dignity of a prelate. Encye. Young. PREMEDITATELY, adv. With previous
Prelacies may be termed the greater bene- 2. Something introductory or that shows. meditation. Feltham.
fices. Ayliffe. what is to follow; something preceding
PREMED/‘ITATING, ppr. Previously med-
2, Episcopacy ; the order of bishops. which bears some relation or resemblance itating; contriving or intending before-
How many are there that call themselves to that which is to follow. |
protestants, who put prelacy and popery to- hand.
The last Georgic was a good prelude to the, PREMEDITA’TION, n. [L. premeditatio.]
gether as terms convertible ? Swift. Eneis. Addison. 1. The act of meditating beforehand; pre-
3. Bishops, collectively.
Divers of the reverend prelacy. Hooker. 3. A forerunner ; something which indicates, vious deliberation.
PRE/LATE, 2. [Fr. prelat; It. prelato ;from a future event. A sudden thought may be higher than nature
L. prelatus, prefero.| PRELU’DE, v. t. To introduce with a pre- can raise without premeditation. Dryden.
An ecclesiastic of the higher order, as an vious performance ; to play before ; as, to}
2. Previous contrivance or design formed;
archbishop, bishop or patriarch; a digni- prelude a concert with a lively air. as the premeditation ofa crime.
tary of the church. Bacon. 2. To precede, as an introductory piece; as,! |PREMER IT, v. t. [pre and merit.]| To
PRE’LATESHIP, n. The office of a pre- a lively air preludes the concert. merit or deserve beforehand. {Litile used.}
late. Harmar. PRELU’DE, v. 2%. To serve as an introduc-! K. Charles.
PRELAT‘I€, Pertaining to prelates tion to. Dryden.
PREMICES, n. [Fr. from L. primitie, pri-
PRELATICAL, § or prelacy ; as prelatt- PRELU’DED, pp. Preceded by an intro-| mus.| First fruits. [.Vol wsed.] Dryden.
cal authority. ductory performance; preceded. |
PRE/MIER, a. [Fr. from L. primus, first.]
PRE/LUDER, n. One that plays a prelude, First; chief; principal; as the premier
PRELAT’ICALLY, adv. With reference or introduces by a previous irregular piece|
to prelates. Morton. place; premier minister.
of music. : Camden. Swift.
PRELA‘TION, n. [L. prelatio, prafero.] IPRELU/DING, ppr. Playing an introdue-
Preference ; the setting of one above an- tory air; preceding. PREMIER, x. The first minister of state ;
other. [Little used.| Hale.|| /PRELU/DIOUS, a. Previous; introductory. the prime minister.
PRE’LATISM, n. Prelacy; episcopacy. Cleaveland. PRE/MIERSHIP, n. The office or dignity
Milton. |PRELU’DIUM, n. [Low L.] A prelude. of the first minister of state.
PRE/LATIST, x. [from prelate.] An ad- Dryden. PREMUSE, v. t. sasz. [L. premissus, pra-
vocate for prelacy or the government of/PRELU/SIVE, a. Previous; introductory ; mitto, to send before.)
the church by bishops; a high church- indicating that something ofa like kind is) 1. To speak or write before, or as introduc-
man. to follow ; as prelusive drops. — T'homson.| tory to the main subject; to offer previ-
I am an episcopalian, but not a prelatist. PRELU/SORY, a. Previous; introductory; ously, as something to explain or aid in
T. Scott. prelusive, Bacon.| understanding what follows.
 PRE PRE PRE
I premise these particulars that the reader instituted by Norbert, in 1120.‘They are PREO€’€UPATE, »v. t. [L. preoceupo ; pre
may know that I enter upon it as a very un- called also white canons. These monks and occupo, to seize.|
grateful task. Addison. were poor at first, but within 30 years 1. To anticipate; to take before. Bacon.
2. To send before the time. [.Vot in use.] they had more than 100 abbeys in France 2. To prepossess ; to fill with prejudices.
Shak. and Germany, and in time they were es- Wotton.
3. To lay down premises or first proposi- tablished in all parts of christendom. [Instead of this, preocewpy is used.]
tions, on which rest the subsequent rea- Encye. PREOCCUPA’TION, n. A taking possess-
sonings. Burnet. PREMON’STRATE, v. t. [L. premonstro; ion before another; prior occupation.
4. To use or apply previously. pre, before, and monstre, to show.] To 2. Anticipation.
If venesection and a cathartic be premised. show beforehand. [Little used.] 3. Prepossession. Barrington.
Darwin. Herbert. 4. Anticipation of objections. South.
PREMISE, v. 7. To state antecedent prop- PREMONSTRA’‘TION, n. A showing be- PREO€’CUPY, v. t. [L. preoccupo; pre,
ositions. Suyl. forehand. — [Little used.| Shelford. before, and occupo, to seize.|
PREMISE, n. prem/is. A first or antece- PREMORSE, a. premors’. [L. premordeo, 1. To take possession before another; as,
dent proposition. Hence, premorsus ;pre and mordeo, to gnaw.) to preoceupy a country or land not before
PREMISES, x. [Fr. premisses ; L. premis- Bitten off. occupied.
sa. Premorse roots, in botany, are such as are 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipation
Ww loge, the two first propositions of a not tapering, but blunt at the end, as if or prejudices.
syllogism, from which the inference or} bitten off short. I think it more respectful to the reader to
conclusion is drawn; as, Premorse leaves, are such as end very obtuse- leave something to reflections, than to preoccu-
All sinners deserve punishment; ly with unequal notches. Martyn.| py his judgment. Arbuthnot.
A Bis a sinner. PREMO’TION, n. [pre and motion.] Pre- PREOM'INATE, v.t. [L. pre and ominor,
These propositions, which are the prem-| vious motion or excitement to action. to prognosticate. |
ises, being true or admitted, the conclu-| Encye. To prognosticate; to gather from omens
sion follows, that A B deserves punish-| PREMUNI/RE, n. [See Premunire. If any future event. Brown.
ment. | really anglicized, premunire is the regular PREOPIN‘ION, zn. |pre and opinion.] Opin-
Propositions antecedently supposed or| orthography. But this is not yet settled.| ion previously formed ; prepossession.
proved. 1. In law, the offense of introducing foreign) Brown.
While the premises stand firm, it is impossi-| authority into England, and the writ, PREOP’TION, n. [pre and option.] The
ble to shake the conclusion. Decay of Piety. which is grounded on the offense. | right of first choice. Stackhouse.
3. In law, land or other things mentioned 1n1// 2. The penalty incurred by the offense; PREORDA/IN, v. ¢. [pre and ordain. To
the preceding part ofa deed. above described. ordain or appoint beforehand; to prede-
PREM ISS, n. Antecedent proposition.) Woolsey incurred a premunire, and forfeited termine. All things are supposed to be
{Rarely used.] Watts. his honor, estate and life. South. preordained by God.
PREMIUM, n. [L.] Properly, a reward or \PREMUNI’TION, n. [L. preamunitio, from, PREORDA’INED, pp. Antecedently or-
recotmpeuse ; a prize to be won by com-) premunio.] An anticipation of objections.) dained or determined.
petition; the reward or prize to be ad- Dict. PREORDA‘INING, | ppr. Ordaining be-
judged to the best performance or produc-|| forehand.
PRENO'MEN, n. [L. prenomen.} Among)
tion.
the Romans, a name prefixed to the fami- |\PREOR/DINANCE, n. [pre and ordinance. |
2. The recompense or prize offered for a
ly name, answering to our christian nanie ; Antecedent decree or determination.
specific discovery or for success in an en-)| Shak.
as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, &c.
terprise ; as for the discovery of the longi-|
tude, or of a northwest passage to the Pa-)
PRENOM'INATE, v. t. [L. pre and nomi- PREOR’DINATE, a. Foreordained. [Lit-
no, to name.] To forename. tle used.|
cific Ocean. ||
5. A bounty; something offered or given for \|
PRENOMINATE, a. Foreuamed. Shak. [PREORDINA’TION, n. The act of fore-
the loan of money, usually a sum beyond
PRENOMINA’TION, n. The privilege of,| ordaining; previous determination.Fotherby.
being named first. Brown.|
the interest. |PREPA/RABLE, a. [See Prepare.] That
4, The recompense to underwriters for in-| PRENO’TION, n. [L. prenotio; pre and, | may be prepared. Boyle.
surance, or for undertaking to indemnify, nosco, to know. ] PREPARA/TION, x. [L. preparatio. See
for losses of any kind. A notice or notion which precedes some- Prepare.|
5. It is sometimes synonymous with inter-) thing else in time; previous notion or)
L. The act or operation of preparing or fit-
est, but generally in obtaining loans,it is a) thought ; foreknowledge.
Bacon. Brown. ting for a particular purpose, use, service
sum per cent. distinct from the interest. or condition; as the preparation of land
The bank lends money to government at PRENSA’'TION, n. {L. prensatio, from for a crop of wheat; the preparation of
a premium of2 per cent. prenso, to seize.| troops for a campaign ; the preparation of
6. A bounty. The act of seizing with violence. [Little! a nation for war; the preparation of men
The law that obliges parishes to support the} used. | Barrow. for future happiness. Preparation is in-
poor, offers a premium for the encouragement! PRENTICE, a colloquial contraction of) tended to prevent evil or secure good.
of idleness. - Franklin.
apprentice, which see. 2. Previous measures of adaptation.
PREMON’ISH, v. i. [L. premoneo ; pre and PRENTICESHIP, a contraction of appren-|
moneo, to warn.| ‘To forewarn; to ad- J will show what preparations there were in
ticeship, which see. Pope. nature for this dissolution. Burnet.
monish beforehand.
PREMON‘ISHED, pp. Forewarued. PRENUNCIA/TION, x. [L. prenuncio ;| 3. Ceremonious introduction. [Unusual.]
PREMON'ISHING, ppr. Admonishing be-| pre and nuncio, to tell.| ‘The act of tell- Shak.
foreland. | ing before. [Wot used. | Dict. 4. That which is prepared, made or com-
PREMON/‘ISHMENT, n. Previous warn-| PREOBTA/IN, v.t. To obtain beforehand.) pounded for a particular purpose.
ing or admonition ; previous information. PREOBTA'INED, pp. Previously obtain-| I wish the chimists had been more sparing,
PREMONI’TION, a. Previous warning, ed. who magnify their preparations. Brown.
notice or information. Christ gave to his PREO€/CUPANCY, xn. [L. preoccupans.)) 5.. The state of being prepared or in readi-
disciples premonitions of their sufferings. |1. The act of taking possession before an-| ness; as a nation in good preparalion for
PREMON‘ITORY, a. Giving previous, other. The property of unoccupied land| attack or defense.
warning or notice. is vested by preoccupancy. 6 . Accomplishment ; qualification. [Mot in
PREMON’STRANTS, 2x. [L. premon- 2. The right of taking possession before oth- use.] Shak.
strans. | ers. The first discoverer of unoccupied ‘7 . In pharmacy, any medicinal substance fit-
A religious order of regular canons or land has the preoccupancy ofit, by the law} ted for the use of the patient. Encye.
monks of Premontre, in the isle of France ;i of nature and nations. 8. In anatomy, the parts of animal bodies
 PRE PRE PRE
prepared and preserved for anatomical It shall be given to them for whom it is pre- By putting every argument on one side and
uses. Encye. pared. Matt. xx. the other, into the balance, we must form a
judgment which side preponderates. Watts.
Preparation of dissonances, in music, is their 6. To guide, direct or establish. 1 Chron.
disposition in harmony in such a manner XXIX. PREPOND’/ERATING, ppr. Outweighing ;
that by something congenial in what pre- PREPA/RE, v. 7. To make all things ready; inclining to one side. y
cedes, they may be rendered less harsh to put things in suitable order; as, prepare PREPONDERA’TION, n. The act or state
to the ear than they would be without for dinner. hak. of outweighing any thing, or of inclining
such preparation. Encye. (2. To take the necessary previous measures. to one side. Watts.
Preparation of medicines, the process offitting Dido preparing to kill herself. Peacham. PREPO'SE, v. t. s as z. [Fr. preposer ; pre
any substance for use in the art of heal- ‘3. To make one’s self ready. and poser, to put.]| To put before. [Voi
ing. much used.| Focaloir.
Prepare to meet thy God, O Israel. Amosiv. PREPOSITION, n. sasz. [Fr. from L.
PREPAR/ATIVE, a. [It. preparativo; Fr.
preparati/. | \PREPA/RE, n. Preparation. [.Vot in use.] prepositio; prepono, prepositus ;pre and
Tending to prepare or make ready ; having Shak. pono, to put.]
the power of preparing, qualifying or PREPA‘RED, pp. Fitted; adapted ;made In grammar, a word usually put before an-
fitting for any thing ; preparatory. suitable ;made ready ; provided. other to express some relation or quality,
He spent much time in quest of knowledge PREPA/REDLY, adv. With suitable pre- action or motion to or from the thing spe-
preparative to this work. South. vious measures. Shak. cified ;as medicines salutary fo health;
PREPAR/ATIVE, n. That which has the PREPA’REDNESS, n. The state of being music agreeable to the ear; virtue is val-
power of preparing or previously fitting prepared or in readiness. South. ued for its excellence ; a man is riding to
for a purpose ; that which prepares. PREPA/RER, xn. One that prepares, fits or Oxtord from London. Prepositions goy-
Resolvedness in sin can with no reason be makes ready. ern cases of nouns, and in English are
imagined a preparative to remission. 2. One that provides. sometimes placed after the word govern-
Decay of Piety.|| 3. That which fits or makes suitable; as, ed ; as, which person do you speak to? for,
2. That which is done to prevent an evil or certain manures are preparers of land for to which person do you speak? This sep-
secure some good. particular crops. Mortimer. aration of the preposition from the gov-
The miseries we suffer may be preparative of PREPA‘RING, ppr. Fitting ; adapting; erned word is sometimes allowable in col-
future blessings. K. Charles. making ready ; providing. loquial use, but is generally inelegant.
3. Preparation; as, to make the necessary PREPENSE, a. prepens’. (L. prepensus, PREPOSI’TIONAL, a. Pertaining to a
preparatives for a voyage. Dryden. prependeo ;pra and pendeo, to incline or preposition, or to preceding position.
PREPAR/ATIVELY, adv. By way _ of| hang down.] Preconceived; premedita- Encyc.
preparation. Hale. ted ; aforethought. PREPOS'ITIVE, a. Put before; as a pre-
PREPAR/ATORY, a. [It. Sp. preparatorio; Malice prepense is necessary to constitute positive particle. Jones.
Fr. preparatotre.| murder. Blackstone. PREPOS'ITIVE, n. [supra.] A word or
1. Previously necessary; useful or quali- PREPENSE, v. t. prepens’. [supra.} To particle put before another word. Jones.
fying; preparing the way for any thing | weigh or consider beforehand. [JVot wsed.]}) (PREPOS’ITOR, x. [L. prepositor.) A
by previous measures of adaptation. The Elyot.
scholar appointed by the instructor to in-
practice of virtue and piety is preparatory) /PREPENSE, v. %. prepens’. 'To deliberate spect other scholars. Todd.
to the happiness of heaven. beforehand. [JVot used.] Spenser.
2. Introductory ; previous; antecedent PREPENS’ED, pp. or a. Previously con- PREPOS/ITURE, n. The office or place of
and & provost ; a proyvostship.
adapted to what follows. Hale. ceived ; premeditated. [Litile used.] [See
Prepense.| PREPOSSESS,, v. t. [pre and possess.] To
PREPA/RE, v. t. [Fr. preparer; It. prepar- preoccupy, as ground or land; to take
are; Sp. Port. preparar ; from L. preparo ;|PREPOL/LENCE, [L. prepollens, pre-
PREPOL’/LENCY, mt: polleo ; pre and previous possession of. Dryden.
pre and paro; Russ. ubtrayu; W. parodi.
The L. parois probably the Shemitic x92, polleo.| Prevalence ; superiority of power. 2. To preoccupy the mind or heart so as to
Coventry. preclude other things; hence, to bias or
G--
PREPOL/LENT, a. Having superior grav- prejudice. A mind prepossessed with opin-
Sys to create or bring forth, coinciding ions favorable to a person or cause, will
ity or power ; prevailing. Boyle.
with English bear; and from the L. are PREPOND/ER, »v. t. [See Preponderate.] not readily admit unfavorable opinions to
derived Fr. parer, Sp. Port. parar, It. pa- To outweigh. [JVol used.} Wolton. take possession, nor yield to reasons that
rare. The sense of prepare is derived |/PREPOND’/ERANCE, [See Prepond-| disturb the possessors. When a lady has
from many kinds of actions. See 93 in |/PREPOND’ERANCY, § " erate.] prepossessed the heart or affections of a
the introduction. ] 1. An outweighing ; superiority of weight. man, he does not readily listen to sugges-
—_. Ina general sense, to fit, adapt or qualify The least preponderance of weight on one tions that tend to remove the preposses-
for a particular purpose, end, use, service side of a ship or boat will make it incline sion. Prepossess is more frequently used
or state, by any means whatever. We or heel. in a good sense than prejudice.
prepare ground for seed by tillage; we 2. Superiority of power, force or weight; PREPOSSESS’ED, pp. Preoccupied; in-
prepare cloth for use by dressing; we pre- in a figurative sense; as a preponderance clined previously to favor or disfavor.
pare medicines by pulverization, mixture, of evidence. Locke. PREPOSSESS’ING, ppr. Taking previous
&c.; we prepare young men for college PREPOND/ERANT, a. Outweighing. possession.
by previous instruction ;men are prepared Reid. 2. a. Tending to invite favor; having pow-
for professions by suitable study ; holiness PREPOND’ERATE, v. t. [L. prepondero; er to secure the possession of favor, es-
of heart is necessary to prepare men for pre, before, and pondero, to weigh.] teem or love. The countenance, address
the enjoyment of happiness with holy \1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight. and manners of a person are sometimes
beings. | An inconsiderable weight, by distance from) prepossessing ona first acquaintance.
2. To make ready; as, to prepare the table the center of the balance, will preponderate |PREPOSSES‘SION, x. Preoccupation ;
for entertaining company. | greater magnitudes. Glanville. prior possession. Hammond.
3. To provide; to procure as suitable ; as, to 2. To overpower by stronger influence or \2. Preconceived opinion; the effect of pre-
prepare arms, ammunition and provisions | moral power. vious impressions on the mind or heart,
for troops ; to prepare ships for defense. PREPOND’ERATE, v.%. To exceed in in favor or against any person or thing.
Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, weight; hence, to incline or descend, as It is often used ina good sense; some-
and fifty mento run before him. 2 Sam. xv. the scale ofa balance. times itis equivalent to prejudice, and some-
4. To set; to establish. That is no just balance in which the heaviest times a softer name for it. In general, it
The Lord hath prepared his throne in the side will not preponderate. Wilkins. conveys an idea less odious than preju-
heavens. Ps. ciii. 2. To exceed in influence or power; hence, dice ; as the prepossessions of education.
5, To appoint. to incline to one side. South.
 PRE PRE PRE
PREPOS’TEROUS, a. [L. preposterus ; in the last resort. It is the prerogative of; PRESBY TERIAL, Pertaining to a
pre, before, and posterus, latter.| the house of commons to determine the PRESBYTE’/RIAN, ta presbyter, or to
1. Literally, having that first which ought to validity of all elections of their own mem- ecclesiastical government by presbyters.
be last ; inverted in order. bers. It is the prerogative of a father to 2. Consisting of presbyters; as presbyterian
The method I take may be censured as pre- govern his children. It is the prerogative government. The government of the
posterous, because | treat last of the antedilu- of the understanding to judge and com- church of Scotland is presbyterian.
vian earth, which was first in the order of na- pare. PRESBYTE’/RIAN, n. One that maintains
ture. Woodward. In the United States, it is the preroga- the validity of ordination and government
2. Perverted; wrong; absurd ; contrary to tive of the president, with the advice of by presbyters.
nature or reason; not adapted to the end; the senate, to ratify treaties. 2. One that belongs to a church governed
as, a republican government in the hands PREROG‘ATIVE-COURT, xn. In Great by presbyters.
of females, is preposterous. To draw gen- Britain, a court for the trial of all testa- PRESBYTE/RIANISM, n. The doctrines,
eral conclusions from particular facts, is mentary causes, where the deceased has principles and discipline or government of
reposterous reasoning. left bona notabilia, or effects of the value presbyterians. Addison.
Bie 8 Bacon. Woodward. of five pounds, in two different dioceses. PRES/BYTERY, n. A body ofelders in the
3. Foolish; absurd; applied to persons. In this case, the probate of the will belongs christian church.
Shak. to the metropolitan or archbishop of the Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which
PREPOS’TEROUSLY, adv. In a wrong province, and the court where such willis was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on
or inverted order; absurdly ; foolishly. proved is called the prerogative-court, as it of the hands of the presbytery. 1 Tim. iv.
Shak. Bentley. is held by virtue of the special preroga- . In ecclesiastical government, a judicatory
PREPOS’TEROUSNESS, n. Wrong or- tive of the metropolitan, who appoints consisting of all the pastors of churches
der or method; absurdity; inconsistency the judge. Blackstone. Within a certain district, and one ruling
with nature or reason. Feltham. PREROG/ATIVED, a. Having preroga- elder, a layman, from each parish, com-
PREPO'TENCY, n. V prepotentia ;pre tive. (Little used.| Shak. missioned to represent the parish in con-
and potentia, power.) Superior power ; PREROG/ATIVE-GFFICE, n. The office junction with the minister. This body
predominance. (Lattle used.] Brown. in which the wills proved in the preroga- receives appeals from the kirk-session, and
PREPO’TENT, a. [(L. prepotens.| Very tive court, are registered. Blackstone. appeals from the presbytery may be carri-
powerful. [Little used.) Plaifere. PRE’SAGE, n. [Fr.; Sp. It. presagio: ed to the provincial synod.
PRE’PUCE, n. (Fr. from L. preputium.}| from L. presagium ; pre, before, and sag- Emeye. Scotland.
The foreskin ; a prolongation of the cutis of io, to perceive or foretell.] The presbytery of the churches in the
the penis, covering the glans. Encye. Something which foreshows a future event ; United States is composed in a manner
PREREMO'TE, a. [pre and remote.] More a prognostic; a present fact indicating nearly similar.
remote in previous time or prior order. something to come. |3. The presbyterian religion. Tatler.
In some cases, two more links of causation Joy and shout, presage of victory. Milton PRESCIENCE, n. presi/ence or pre'shens.
may be introduced; one of them may be termed 'PRESA/GE, v. ¢ To forebode ; to foreshow ; {Low L. prescientia ; pra, betore, and
the preremote cause, the other the postremote to indicate by some present fact what is seientia, knowledge ; Fr. prescience ; It. pre-
effect. Darwin. to follow or come to pass. A fog rising sclenza. The common pronunciation of
PREREQUI/RE, v. t. [pre and_require.] from a river in an autumnal morning this word, pre/shens, obscures the sense.]
To require previously. Hammond. presages a pleasant day. A physical phe- \Foreknowledge ; knowledge of events be-
PREREQUISITE, a. s as x. [pre and re- nomenon cannot be considered as presag- fore they take place. Absolute prescience
quisite. | ing an event, unless it has some connec- belongs to God only.
Previously required or necessary to some- tion with it in cause. Hence the error of Of things of the most accidental and mutable
thing subsequent; as, certain attainments vulgar superstition, which presages good nature, God’s prescience is certain. South.
are prerequisite to an admission to orders. or evil from facts which can have no rela- PRESCIENT, a. presi/ent or pre'shent.
PREREQUISITE, n. Something that is tion to the future event. Foreknowing ; having knowledge of
previously required or necessary to the end 2. To foretell ; to predict ;to prophesy. events before they take place.
proposed. An acquaintance with Latin Wish’d freedom I presage you soon will find. Who taught the nations of the field and wood,
and Greek is a prerequisite to the admis- Dryden. Prescient, the tides or tempests to withstand ?
sion of a young man into a college. PRESA’GE, v.%. To form or utter a predic- Pope.
PRERESOLVE, v. t. sasz. [pre and re- tion; with of. We may presage of heats) PRESCIND’, v. t. [L. prescindo ; pre and
solve.| ‘To resolve previously. — Dering. and rains. [{.Vot common nor elegant.] scindo, to cut.]
PRERESOLV’ED, pp. Resolved before- Dryden. To cut off; to abstract. [Little used.]
hand; previously determined. Norris.
PRERESOLV/ING, ppr. Resolving before-|| PRESA/‘GED, pp. Foreboded ; foreshown5) PRESCIND/ENT, a. Cutting off; abstract-
band. foretold.
ing. Cheyne.
PREROG/ATIVE, n. [Fr. id.; It. preroga- PRESA/GEFUL, a. Full of presages ; con- PRE‘SCIOUS, a. [L. prescius ; pre and
tivo ; Sp. prerogativa ;L. prerogativa, pre- taining presages. Thomson. scio, to know.}
cedence in voting; pr, before, and rogo,| PRESA’GEMENT, n. A foreboding; fore-|| Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as
to ask or demand. } token. Wotlon. prescious of ills. Dryden.
An exclusive or peculiar privilege. A royal 2. A foretelling ; prediction. PRESERIBE, v. t. [L. prescribo, to write
prerogative, is that special pre-eminence PRESA’GER, xn. A foreteller ; a foreshow- before.|
which a king has over all other persons, er. Shak. 1. In medicine, to direct, as a remedy to be
and out of the course of the common law,|! PRESA’GING, ppr. Foreshowing ; fore- used or applied to a diseased patient. Be
in right of his regal dignity. It consists telling. not offended with the physician who pre-
in the possession of certain rights which PRES‘BYTER, n. [Gr. xpeosvzepos, from scribes harsh remedies.
the king may exercise to the exclusion of mpeopus, old, eider.] 2. To set or lay down authoritatively for
all participation of his subjects; for when 1. In the primitive christian church, an elder; direction ; to give as a rule of conduct ;
a right or privilege is held in common! a person somewhat advanced in age, who as, to prescribe laws ox rules.
with the subject, it ceases to be a preroga- had authority in the church, and whose
There’s joy, when to wild will you laws pre-
tive. Thus the right of appointing em- duty was to feed the flock over which the
seribe. Dryden.
bassadors, and of making peace and war, Holy Spirit had made him overseer.
are, in Great Britain, royal prerogatives. . A priest; a person who has the pastoral 3. To direct.
The right of governing created beings is charge ofa particular church and congre- Let streams prescribe their fountains where
the prerogative of the Creator. gation ; called in the Saxon laws, mass- to run. Dryden.
_ Itis the prerogative of the house of peers priest. Hooker. PRESCRIBE, v. i. To write or give medi-
in Great Britain to decide legal questions! (3. A presbyterian, Butler.!) cal directions; to direct what remedies
 PRE PRE PRE
are to be used; as, to prescribe for a pa-|| at the theater. In examining the patient, *Tis a high point of philosophy and virtue
the presence of fever was not observed. for a man to be present to himself.
tient in a fever. LD’Estrange.
2. To give law; to influence arbitrarily. The presence of God is not limited to any
place. 6. Favorably attentive ;not heedless; pro-
‘A forwardness to prescribe to the opinions of) pitious.
others. Locke. 2. A being in company near or before the
face of another. We were gratified with Nor could I hope in any place but there
3. In law, to claim by prescription; to claim To find a god so present to my prayer.
atitle to a thing by immemorial use and the presence of a person so much respect- Dryden.
enjoyment; with for. A man may be al- ed. 7. Not absent of mind; not abstracted ; at-
lowed to prescribe for a right of way, a 3. Approach face to face or nearness of a tentive.
common or the like; aman cannot pre- great personage. The present, an elliptical expression for the
scribe for a castle ; he can prescribe only for’ Men that very presence fear, present time. Milton.
incorporeal hereditaments. Blackstone. Which once they knew authority did bear. At present, elliptically for, at the present time.
Daniel. Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form
4, To influence by long use. [.Vot in use.]
Brown. 4. State of being in view; sight. An acci- of a verb which expresses action or being
PRESCRIBED, pp. Directed ; ordered. dent happened in the presence of the court. in the present time, as I am writing ; or
PRESERI/BER, n. One that prescribes. 5. By way of distinction, state of being in something that exists at all times, as vir-
PRESCRIBING, ppr. Directing ; giving as view ofa superior. tue is always to be preferred to vice; or
I know not by what pow’r I am made bold, it expresses habits or general truths, as
a rule of conduct or treatment. In such a presence here to plead my thoughts.
PRE/SERIPT, a. [L. prescriptus.] Directed ; Shak. plants spring from the earth; fishes swin ;
prescribed. Hooker. 6. A number assembled before a great per- reptiles creep; birds fly; some animals
PRE'SERIPT, xn. [L. prescriplum.| A di- subsist on herbage, others are carnivorous.
son.
rection ;a medical order for the use of Odmar, of all this presence does contain, PRES’ENT, n. [Fr. id. See the Verb.|
medicines. [But prescription is chiefly Give her your wreath whom you esteem most That whick is presented or given; a gift;
used.] fair. Dryden. a donative ; something given or offered to
2. Direction ; precept ; model prescribed. 7. Port; mien; air ; personal appearance; another gratuitously ; a word of general
PRESECRIP’TIBLE, a. That may be pre- demeanor. application. Gen, Xxxii.
scribed for. Virtue is best in a body that is comely, and Presents, in the plural, is used in law for a
PRESCRIPTION, n. [L. prescriptio. See that has rather dignity of presence, than beauty deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of at-
Prescribe. | of aspect. Bacon. torney or other writing ; as in the phrase,
1. The act of prescribing or directing by A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. “ Know all men by these presents,” that
Collier. is, by the writing itself, per presentes. In
rules; or that which is prescribed ; par-
ticularly, a medicai direction of remedies 8. The apartment in which a prince shows this sense, it is rarely used in the singu-
for a disease and the manner of using himself to his court. lar.
An’t please your grace, the two great cardi- PRESENT’, v. ¢. [Low L. prasento ; Fr.
them ; a recipe. nals
2. In law, a prescribing for title ; the claim Wait in the presence. Shak. presenter ; It. presentare; Sp. presentar ;
of title to a thing by virtme of immemorial 9. The person ofa superior. Milton. L. aaa pra, before, and swm, esse, to
use and enjoyment; or the right to a Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of; he.
thing derived from such use. Prescription the mind with its faculties at command 3, 1. 'To set, place or introduce into the pres-
differs from custom, which is a local usage. undisturbed state of the thoughts, which) ence or before the face of a superior, as to
Prescription is a personal usage, usage an- enables a person to speak or act without present an envoy to the king ;and with the
nexed to the person. Nothing but incor- disorder or embarrassment in unexpected reciprocal pronoun, to come into the pres-
poreal hereditaments can be claimed by difficulties. ence ofa superior.
prescription. Blackstone. Errors, not to be recalled, do find Now there was a day when the sons of God
The use and enjoyment of navigation Their best redress from presence of the mind. came to present themselves before the Lord.
Job i.
and fishery in the sea, for any length of} Waller
The room 2. To exhibit to view or notice. The top of
|
time, does not create a title by prescrip- PRES’/ENCE-CHAMBER,
tion. The common right of nations to the PRES’ ENCE-ROOM, ‘in which a Mount Holycke, in Hampshire county, in
use and enjoyment of the sea is impre- great personage receives company. Massachusetts, presents one of the finest
scriplible :it cannot be lost by a particu- Addison. prospects in America.
lar nation for want of use. Vattel. PRESENSA’TION, n. [pre and sensation.|3. To offer; to exhibit.
Previous notion or idea. More. O hear what to my mind first thoughts pre-
3. In Scots law, the title to lands acquired sent. Milton.
by uninterrupted possession for the time PRESEN’SION, n. [L. presensio, presen-| He is ever ready to present to us the thoughts
whieh the law declares to be sufficient, or tio; prea and senlio, to perceive.] or observations of others. Watts.
40 years. This is positive prescription, Previous perception. [Little used.]
Brown. 4, To give ; to offer gratuitously for recep-
Neg@alive prescription is the loss or omis- tion. The first President of the Ameri-
sion of a right by neglecting to use it du- PRESENT, a. s as z. [Fr. present; L. pra-|
can Bible Society, presented to that insti-
ring the time limited by law. This term sens ; pre and sum, esse, to be.]
tution ten thousand dollars.
is also used for limitation, in the recovery 1. Being in a certain place; opposed to ab-
Obligations 5. To put into the hands of another in cere-
of money due by bond, &e. sent.
mony.
are lost by prescription, or neglect of pros- 2. Being before the face or near; being in
company. Inquire of some of the gentle- So ladies in romance assist their knight,
ecution for the time designated by law.
Encyc. Present the spear, and arm him for the fight.
men present. Pope.
PRESERIP’TIVE, a. Consisting in or ac- These things have I spoken unto you, being 6. To favor with a gift; as, we presenta man
quired by immemorial use and_ enjoy- yet present with you. John xiv. with a suit of clothes. Formerly the
ment; as a prescriptive right or title. 3. Being now in view or under considera- phrase was, to present a person,
The right to be drowsy in protracted toil, tion. In the present instance, facts willl Octavia presented the poet, for his admirable
has become prescriptive. J. M. Mason. not warrant the conclusion. The present elegy on her son Marcellus. Dryden.
2. Pleading the continuance and authority question must be decided on different {This use is obsolete.)
of custom. Hurd. principles. 7. To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice;
PRES’/EANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place 4. Now existing, or being at this time; not) to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a can-
in sitting. [Not in use.] Carew. past or future; as the present session of) didate for institution.
PRES’ENCE, n. s asz. (Fr. from L. pre- congress. ‘The court is in session at the The patron of a church may present his clerk
sentia; pra, before, and esse, to be.] present time. We say, a present good, the, to a parsonage or vicarage; that is, may offer
1. The existence of a person or thing ina present year or age. | him to the bishop of the diocese to be institu-
certain place ;opposed This; 5. Ready
to absence. at hand; quick in emergency ; as) ted. Blackstone.
event happened during the king’s presence! present wit. ! 8. To offer.
 PRE PRE PRE
He—presented battle to the French navy,|/PRESENT/IMENT, n. [pre and sentiment, health. Habitual reverence of the Su-
which was refused. Hayward. or Fr. pressentiment.} preme Being is an excellent preservative
¥. Te lay before a public body for consider-|/Previous conception, sentiment or opinion 3) against sin and the influence of evil exam-
ation, as before a legislature, a court of previous apprehension of something fu- ples.
judicature, a corporation, &c. ; as, to pre- ture. Butler. PRESERV/ATORY, a. That tends to pre-
sent a memorial, petition, remonstrance or PRESENTLY, adv. s asx. At present; at serve. Hall.
indictment. i this time. PRESERV/ATORY, n. That whieh has
10. To lay before a court of judicature as The towns and forts you presently have. the power of preserving ;a preservative.
an object of inquiry ; to give notice offi- Obs. Sidney. Whitlock.
cially of a crime or offense. It is the duty 2. In a short time after; soon after. PRESERVE, v. t. prezerv’.. [Fr. preserver ;
of grand juries to present all breaches of Him therefore 1 hope to send presently, so It. preservare ; Sp. preservar ;Low L. pre-
law within their knowledge. In Ameri- soon as 1 shall see how it will go with me.
Phil. ii. servo ; pre and servo, to keep.]
ca, grand juries present whatever they 1. To keep or save from injury or destruc-
think to be public injuries, by notifying 3. Immediately. tion ; to defend from evil.
them to the public with their censure. And presently the fig-tree withered away.
Matt. xxi. God did send me before you to preserve life.
il. To point a weapon, particularly some Gen. xlv.
species offire-arms ; as, to present a mus- PRESENT’MENT, n. sasz. The act o O Lord, preserve me from the violent man.
ket to the breast of another ; in manual presenting. Shak. Ps. cx:
exercise, to present arms. 2. Appearance to the view ; represe1 itation. 2. To uphold ; to sustain.
12. To indict; a customary use of the word in Milton. O Lord, thou preservest man and beast. Ps:
the United States. 3. In law, a presentment, properly speaking, XXXVi.
PRESENT’ABLE, a. That may be pre- is the notice taken by a grand jury of 3. To save from decay; to keep in a sound
sented ; that may be exhibited or repre- any offense from their own knowledge or State; as, to preserve fruitin winter. Salt
sented. Burke. observation, without any bill of indict- is used to preserve meat.
2. That may be offered to a church living; ment laid before them at the suit of the 4, To season with sugar or other substan-
as a presentable clerk. king; as the presentment of a nuisance, ‘ ces for preservation; as, to preserve plums.
3. That admits of the presentation of a Jibel or the like, on which the officero quinces or other fruit.
clerk ; as achurek presentable. [Unusual.] the court must afterwards frame an in- 5. To keep or defend from corruption; as,
Ayliffe. dictment, before the party presented can to preserve youth from vice.
PRESENTA’NEOUS, a. [L. presentaneus.] be put to answer it. Blackstone. PRESERVE, 2. prezerv’. Fruit or a vege-
Ready ; quick ; immediate ;as_presenta- | - In a more general sense, presentment com- table seasoned and kept in sugar or sirup.
neous poison. Harvey. prehends inquisitions of office and indict- Mortimer.
PRESENTA’TION, n. [Fr.] The act of] ments. Blackstone. PRESERWED, pp. Saved from injury, de-
presenting. In the United States, apresentment is an struction or decay; kept or defended from
Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere official accusation presented to a tribunal evil; seasoned with sugar for preserva-
desires. Hooker, by the grand jury in an indictment; or it tion.
2. Exhibition; representation ; display ; as is the act of offering an indictment. Tt is PRESERV’ER, n. The person or thing that
also used for the indictment itself. The preserves ; one that saves or defends from
the presentation of fighting on the stage. destruction or evil.
grand jury are charged to inquire and due
Dryden.
3. In ecclesiastical law, the act of offering a presentment make of all crimes, &c. The What shall I do to thee, O thou preserver of
use of the word is limited to accusations men? Job vii.
clerk to the bishop or ordinary for institu- 2. One that makes preserves of fruits.
by grand jurors.
tion in a benefice. An adyowson is the PRESERV'ING, ppr. Keeping safe from
right of presentation. . The official notice in court which the ju-
ry or homage gives of the surrender of a injury, destruction or decay; defending
If the bishop admits the patron’s presenta- from evil.
tion, the clerk so admitted is next to be institu-
copyhold estate. Blackstone.
PRESIDE, v. 7. sas z. [L. presideo; pra,
ted by him. Blackstone. PRES‘ENTNESS, n. s as z. Presence; as before, and sedeo, to sit; It. presidere ; Fr.
presentness of mind. [.NVot used.]
4. The right of presenting a clerk. The Clarendon. presider ; Sp. presidir.]
pairon has the presentation of the bene- PRESERV’ABLE, a. [See Preserve.] That 1. To be set over for the exercise of authori-
fice. may be preserved. ty ; to direct, control and govern, as the
PRESENT’ATIVE, «a. In ecclesiastical af-|| PRESERVA’TION, n. [from preserve ; It. chief officer. A man may preside over a
fairs, that has the right of presentation, or preservazione ; Sp. preservacion.] nation or province: or he may preside
offeringa clerk to the bishop for institu-| The act of preserving or keeping safe ; thel| over a senate, ora meeting of citizens.
tion. Advowsons are presentative, colla- act of keeping from injury, destruction or) The word is used chiefly in the latter
tive or donative. decay ; as the preservation of life or sense. We say, a man presides over the
An advowson preseniative is where the pat- health ; the preservation of buildings from senate with dignity. Hence it usually de-
ron hath a right of presentation to the bishop or fire or decay; the preservation of grain notes temporary superintendence and goy-
ordinary. Blackstone.
from insects; the preservation of fruit or'| ernment.
2. That admits the presentation of a clerk; plants. When a thing is kept entirely . To exercise superintendence; to watel:
as a presentative parsonage. Spelman. from decay, or nearly in its original state, over as inspector.
PRESENT’ED, pp. Offered; given; ex- we say it is in a high state of preservation. Some o’er the public magazines preside.
hibited to view; accused. PRESERV/ATIVE, a. [It. preservativo ; Dryden.
PRES'ENTEE, n. One presented to a ben- Fr. preservatif:] PRESIDENCY, n. Superintendence: in-
efice. Ayliffe. Having the power or quality of keeping safe spection and care. Ray.
PRESENT’ER, n. One that presents. 2. The office of president. Washington was
from injury, destruction or decay; tending
PRESEN’TIAL, a. Supposing actual pres- to preserve.
elected to the presidency of the United
ence. [Little used.| Norris. PRESERV/ATIVE, n. That which pre- States by a unanimous vote ofthe elec-
PRESENTIAL'ITY, n. The state of bein s tors,
serves or has the power of preserving;3.
present. _[Zitlle used.] South. something that tends to secure a person or The term during which a president holds
PRESEN’TIATE, v. t. To make present. his office. President J. Adams died during
thing in a sound state, or prevent it from the presidency of his son.
|Little used.| Grew. injury, destruction, decay or corruption; 4.
PRESENTIF’Te, a, Making present. a preventive of injury or decay. Persons) The jurisdiction of a president; as in the
PRESENTIE’ICAL, §% [Notin use.] British dominions in the East Indies.
formerly wore tablets of arsenic, as pre-
PRESENTIF'I€LY, adv. In such a man-| 5. The family or suit of a president.
servatives against the plague. Clothing is
ner as to make present. [ot in use.] | a preservative against cold. Temperance A worthy clergyman belonging to the presi-
dency of Fort St. George. Qu.
More. and exercise are tlic best preservatives of] Buchanan, 251
Vol. TI. 9)
~
 PRE PORE PRE
PRESIDENT, n. [Fr. from L. presidens.] 8. To constrain; to compel; to urge by au- service, particularly into the navy; for
1. An officer elected or appointed to pre-| thority or necessity. impress. Raleigh.
side over a corporation, Company or as- The posts that rode on mules and camels Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sait
sembly of men, to keep order, manage! went out, being hastened and pressed on by the as the state of the wind will permit.
their concerns or govern their proceed-| king’s commandment. Esth. viii. Mar. Dict.
ings; as the president of a banking com- 9. To urge; to impose by importunity. Liberty of the press, in civil policy, is the free
He pressed a letter upon me, within this right of publishing books, pamphlets or
pany ; the president of a senate, &c. hour, to deliver to you. Dryden.
2. An officer appointed or elected to govern 10. To urge or solicit with earnestness or papers without previous restraint; or the
a province or territory, or to administer unrestrained right which every citizen en-
importunity. He pressed me to accept of; joys of publishing his thoughts and opin-
the government of a nation. The presi- his offer.
dent of the United States is the chief ex- 11. To urge; to constrain. ions, subject only to punishment for pub-
ecutive magistrate. Paul was pressed in spirit, and testified to) lishing what is pernicious to morals or to
3. The chief officer ofa college or universi- the Jews that Jesus was Christ. Acts xviii. the peace ofthe state.
ty. U. States. Wickedness pressed with conscience, fore- PRESS/-BED, n. A bed that may be raised
4, A tutelar power. casteth grievous things. Wisdom.| and inclosed in a case.
Just Apollo, president of verse. Waller. 12. To squeeze for making smooth ; as cloth} PRESS’ED, pp. Urged by force or weight ;
Vice-president, one who is second in au- or paper. constrained ; distressed; crowded; em-
thority to the president. The vice-presi-| |Press differs from drive and strike, in usually braced ; made smooth and glossy by press-
dent of the United States is president of denoting a slow or continued application ure, as cloth.
the senate ex officio, and performs the du- of force; whereas drive and strike denote; PRESS’ER, n. One that presses.
ties of president when the latter is re- | a sudden impulse of force. | PRESS’-GANG, n. [press and gang.) A
moved or disabled. PRESS, v. 7. 'To urge or strain in motion; detachment of seamen under the com-
PRESIDEN’TIAL, a. Pertaining toa pres- to urge forward with force. mand of an officer, empowered to impress
ident; as the presidential chair. Walsh. I press towards the mark for the prize of the men into the naval service.
2. Presiding over. Glanville. high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Phil. iii. PRESSING, ppr. Urging with force or
PRES'IDENTSHIP, xn. The office and Th’ insulting victor presses on the more. weight ; squeezing ;constraining ;crowd-
place ofpresident. Hooker. Dryden. ing; embracing; distressing ; forcing in-
2. The term for which a president holds his 2. To bear on with force ; to encroach. to service; rolling in a press.
On superior powers 2. a. Urgent; distressing.
office. Were we to press, inferior might on ours.
PRESID‘TAL, [L. presidium, a gar- Pope. PRESS/ING, n. The act or operation of
PRESID/TARY, ta. rison ;pre and sedeo.} 3. To bear on with force; to crowd; to applying force to bodies. The pressing of
Pertaining to a garrison; haying a garri- cloth is performed by means of the screw,
throng.
son. Howell. Thronging crowds press on you as you pass. or by a calendar.
PRESIGNIFI€A’TION, x. [from presig- Dryden. PRESS’INGLY, adv. With force or urgen-
nify.] lege 4. To approach unseasonably or importu-| cy; closely. Howell.
The act of signifying or showing before- nately. PRES'SION, n. [It. pressione.] The act of
hand. Barrow.) Nor press too near the throne. Dryden. pressing. But pressure is more generally
PRESIG'NIFY, v. t. [pre and signify.) To! 5. To urge with vehemence and importu- used. Newton.
intimate or signify beforehand ; to show nity. 2. In the Cartesian philosophy. an endeavor
previously. Pearson.) He pressed upon them greatly, and they turn- to move.
PRESS, v. t. [Fr. presser; It. pressare, to edin to him. Gen. xix. PRESS'ITANT, a. Gravitating ; heavy.
press, crowd, urge, hurry; D. G. pressen ; 6. To urge by influence or moral force. [Not in use.] More.
Sw. prassa ;Dan. presser; W. brysiaw, to When arguments press equally in matters) PRESS‘MAN, 2. In printing, the man who
hurry, formed from rhys, extreme ardency, indifferent, the safest method is to give up our- manages the press and impresses the
arushing. Here we have proof that press selves to neither. Addison. sheets.
is formed from the root of rush, with a 7. To push with force; as, to press against) 2. One of a press-gang, who aids in forcing
prefix. The Spanish has apretar, prensar the door. men into the naval service. Chapman.
and aprensar. The L. pressus is from the JPRESS, n. {It. pressa, haste, hurry, a PRESS/-MONEY, x. Money paid to aman
same root.] crowd ; Sp. prensa; Fr. presse, pressoir ; impressed into public service. [See Prest-
1. To urge with force or weight ;a word of| Sw. pruss; Dan. G. presse.] money. | Gay.
extensive use, denoting the application of 1. An instrument or machine by which any
any power, physical or moral, to some- body is squeezed, crushed or forced into PRESS’URE, n. [It. L. pressura.j The act
thing that is to be moved or affected. We of pressing or urging with force.
a more compact form; as a wine-press,
press the ground with the feet when we cider-press or cheese-press. 2. The act of squeezing or crushing. Wine
walk ;we press the couch on which we} 2. A machine for printing ; a printing-press.| is obtained by the pressure of grapes.
repose; we press substances with the Great improvements bave been lately! 3. The state of being squeezed or crushed.
hands, fingers or arms; the smith presses made in the construction of presses.
4, The force of one body acting on another
iron with his vise; we are pressed with 3. The art or business of printing and pub- by weight or the continued application of
the weight of arguments or of cares, lishing. A free press is a great blessingto power. Pressure is occasioned by weight
troubles and business. a free people; a licentious press is a curse} or gravity, by the motion of bodies, by the
2. To squeeze; to crush; as, to press grapes. expansion of fluids, by elasticity, &e.
to society.
Gen. xl. 4. A crowd; a throng; a multitude of in-
Mutual pressure may be caused by the
8. To drive with violence ; to hurry; as, to dividuals crowded together. meeting of moving bodies, or by the mo-
press a horse in motion, or in a race. tion of one body against another at rest,
And when they could not come nigh to him and the resistance or elastic force of the
1. To urge; to enforce; to inculcate with for the press— Mark ii.
earnestness; as, to press divine truth on latter. The degree of pressure is in pro-
5. The act of urging or pushing forward. portion to the weight of the pressing body,
an audience,
ot. To embrace closely ; to hug.
Which in their throng and press to the last or to the power applied, or to the elastic
Leucothoe shook
hold, force of resisting bodies. The screw isa
Confound themselves. Shak. most powerful instrument of pressure. The
And press’d Palemon closer in her arms.
~ or . F . : Pope.
6. A wine-vat or cistern. Hag. ii. pressure of wind on the sails of a ship is
6. 'To force into service, particularly into na-| 7. A case or closet for the safe keeping of in proportion to its velocity.
val service ; to impress. garments. Shak., Y A constraining foree or impulse; that
Clarendon. Dryden. 8. Urgency ; urgent demands of affairs; as) which urges or compels the intellectual or
~“}'. To straiten ; to distress; as, to be pressed a press of “ihe;business. : eel | moral faculties ;as the pressure of motives
with want or with difficulties. 9. A commission to force men into public on the mind, or of fear on the conscience.
 PERE PRE PRE
6. That which afflicts the body or depresses 1. In music, a direction for a quick lively tions. Violent presumption is many times
the spirits; any severe affliction, distress, movement or performance. equal to full proof.
Blackstone.
calamity or grievance; straits, difficul- 2. Quickly; immediately; in haste. Swift. 2. Strong probability; as in the common
ties, embarrassments, or the distress they PRESTRIE€'TION, n. [L. prestringo, pre- phrase, the presumption is that an event
occasion. We speak of the pressure of] strictus.| Dimness. Milton. has taken place, or will take place.
poverty or want, the pressure of debts, PRESU/MABLE, a. s asz. [from presume.] 3. Blind or headstrong confidence ; unrea-
the pressure of taxes, the pressure of aftlic- That may be presumed ; that may be sup- sonable adventurousness ; a venturing to
tions or sorrow. posed to be true or entitled to belief, with- undertake something without reasonable
N d eople’s pressures are griev- out examination or direct evidence, or on prospect of success, or against the usual
Re a leps7 act K. Charles. probable evidence. probabilities of safety; presumptuous-
To this consideration he retreats with com- PRESU’MABLY, adv. By presuming or ness.
fort in all his pressures. Atterbury. supposing something to be true, without Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath,
We observe that pressure is used both direct proof. Brown. Shak.
for trouble or calamity, and for the dis- PRESU’ME, v. t. s as z. [Fr. presumer ; It. Thad the presumption to dedicate to you a
tress it produces. very unfinished piece. Dryden.
presumere; Sp. presumir; from L. presu-
. Urgency ; as the pressure of business. 4, Arrogance. He had the presumption to
mo; pre, before, and sumo, to take.|
. Impression; stamp; character impress- To take or suppose to be true or entitled to
ams
attempt to dictate to the council.
ed 5. Unreasonable confidence in divine favor.
belief, without examination or positive The awe of his majesty will keep us from pre-
All laws of books, all forms, all pressures proof, or on the strength of probability.)
past. Shak. sumption. Rogers.
We presume that a man is honest, who has
PREST, sometimes used for pressed. [See not been known to cheat or deceive ; but
\PRESUMP’TIVE, a. Taken by previous
Press.| in this we are sometimes mistaken. In supposition ;grounded on probable evi-
PREST, a. [Old Fr. prest or preste, now many cases, the law presumes full pay-
dence.
prét, prét or preste; Sp. It. presto, from L. 2. Unreasonably confident; adventuring
ment where positive evidence of it cannot
presto, to stand before or forward ; pre
be produced. without reasonable ground to expect suc-
and sto.] We not only presume it may be so, but we cess; presumptuous; arrogant. Brown.
1. Ready ; prompt. Obs. Fairfax. actually find it so. Gov. of the Tongue. Presumptive evidence, in law, is that which is
2. Neat; tight. Obs. Tusser. In cases of implied contracts, the law pre- derived from circumstances which neces-
PREST, n. [Fr. prét, supra.] A loan. Obs. sumes that a man has covenanted or contracted sarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct
Bacon.
to do what reason and justice dictate. from direct evidence or positive proof.
2. Formerly, a duty in money, to be paid) Blackstone. Presumptive evidence of felony should be
by the sherif on his account in the ex- PRESUME, v. i. To venture without posi- cautiously admitted. Blackstone.
chequer, or for money left or remaining in tive permission ; as, we may presume too} Presumptive heir, one who would inherit au
his hands. 2 and 3 Edw. 6. far. Bacon. estate if the ancestor should die with
PREST’-MONEY, n. Money paid to men 2. To form confident or arrogant opinions; things in their present state, but whose
impressed into the service. Encye. with on or upon, before the cause of con- right of inheritance may be defeated by
PRESTA/TION, n. [L. prestatio.] For- fidence. the birth of a nearer heir before the death
merly, a payment of money ; sometimes This man presumes upon his parts. Locke. of the ancestor. Thus the presumptive suc-
used for purveyance. Encye. I will not presume so far upon mysell. cession of a brother or nephew may be
PRESTA’TION-MONEY, n. A sum of! Dryden destroyed by the birth of a child. Pre-
money paid yearly by archdeacons and 3. To make confident or arrogant attempts. sumptive heir is distinguished from hei
other dignitaries to their bishop, pro exte- In that we presume to see what is meet and apparent, whose right of inheritance is in-
riore jurisdictione. Encyc. convenient, better than God himself. Hooker.) defeasible, provided he outlives the an-
PRES’TER, n. [Gr. xpasnp, from ap7y9e, to 4. It has on or upon sometimes before the cestor. Blackstone.
kindle or inflame. ] thing supposed. PRESUMP’TIVELY, adv. By presumption,
1. A meteor thrown from the clouds with Luther presumes upon the gift of continency. or supposition grounded on probability.
such violence, that by collision it is set on Atterbury. Burke.
fire. Encyc. It is sometimes followed by of, but im- PRESUMP’TUOUS, a. [Fr. presomptueuc ;
9 The external part of the neck, which properly. It. Sp. presuntuoso. |
swells when a person is angry. Encye. 1. Bold and confident to excess ; adventur-
PRESU/MED, pp. Supposed or taken to
PRES’TIGES, n. [L. prestigie.] Juggling be true, or entitled to belief, without posi- ing without reasonable ground of success ;
tricks ; impostures. Dict. hazarding safety on too slight grounds;
tive proof.
PRESTIGIA’TION, n. {L. prastigie, PRESU’MER, n. One that presumes; also, rash; applied to persons; as a presumptu-
tricks. ] an arrogant person. Wotton. ous commander.
The playing of legerdemain tricks; a jug- There is a class of presumptuous men whom
gling. Dict. |PRESU/MING, ppr. Taking as true, or sup- age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise.
PRESTIGIA/TOR, n. A juggler; a cheat. posing to be entitled to belief, on probable Buckminster.
More. evidence.
. Founded on presumption ; proceeding
PRESTIGIATORY, a. Juggling; consist- 2. a. Venturing without positive permis- from excess of confidence ; applied to
ing of impostures. sion ; too confident ; arrogant ; unreason-
ably bold. things ; as presumptuous hope. Milton.
PRESTIG/IOUS, a. Practicing tricks; jug- . Arrogant; insolent; as a presumptuous
gling. Bale. PRESUMP’TION, n. [Fr. presomption; L. priest. Shak.
presumptio. |
PRES’TIMONY, n. [Port. Sp. prestimonio; NG Supposition of the truth or real existence Presumptuous pride. Dryden.
L. presto, to supply; pre and sto.) In 4. Unduly confident; irreverent with re-
of something without direct or positive spect to-sacred things.
conon law, a fund for the support of a
proof of the fact, but grounded on eireum- 5. Willful; done with bold design, rash con-
priest, appropriated by the founder, but
stantial or probable evidence which en- fidence or in violation of known duty; a $s
not erected into any title of benefice, and
titles it to belief. Presumption in law is a presumptuous sin.
not subject to the pope or the ordinary,
of three sorts, violent or strong, probable, PRESUMP’TUOUSLY, adv. With rash con-
but of which the patron is the collator.
and light. fidence.
Port. Dict. Encyc.
But in a Spanish Dictionary thus de- Next to positive proof, circumstantial evi- 2. Arrogantly; insolently.
dence or the doctrine of presumptions must 3. Willfully ; in bold defiance of conscience
fined, ‘a prebend for the maintenance of, take place; for when the fact cannot be de-|
poor clergymen, on condition of their say- monstratively evinced, that which comes near-
or violation of known duty; as, to sin pre-
ing prayers at certain stated times.” est to the proof of the fact is the proofof such sumptuously. Num. xv.
PRES’TO, adv. [Sp. It. presto, quick or circumstances as either necessarily or usually 4. With groundless and vain confidence in
quickly; L, presto.] attend such facts. These are called presump-}! the divine favor. Hammond
 PRE PRE PRE
PRESUMP’TUOUSNESS, n. The quality PRETEND’ERSHIP, n. The right or claim Its proper signification is beyond, hence
of being presumptuous or rashly confi- of the Pretender. Swift. beside, more.
dent: groundless confidence ; arrogance ; PRETEND‘ING, ppr. Holding out a false PRETERIMPER’/FE€T, a. [beyond or be-
irreverent boldness or forwardness. appearance ; laying claim to, or attempt- side unfinished. |
PRESUPPOSAL, n. presuppo/zal. [pre and ing to make others believe one is what in In grammar, designating the tense which ex-
supposal.| truth he is not, or that he has or does presses action or being not perfectly past;
Supposal previously formed ; presupposition. something which he has or does not; an awkward epithet, very ill applied.
Hooker.) making hypocritical professions. PRE’TERIT, a. [L. preteritus, pretereo;
PRESUPPO'SE, v. t. presuppo'ze. [Fr. pre-| PRE'TEND'INGLY, adv. Arrogantly ; pre- preter, beyond, and eo, to go.]
supposer; It. presupporre; Eng. pre and sumptuously. Past; applied to the tense in grammar which
suppose. | PRETENSE, n. pretens’. [L. pretensus, pre- expresses an action or being perfectly past
To suppose as previous; to imply as ante- tendo.| or finished, often that which is just past
cedent. The existence of created things 1. A bolding out or offering to others some- or completed, but without a specification
presupposes the existence of a Creator. thing false or feigned; a presenting to of time. It is called also the perfect tense ;
Each kind of knowledge presupposes many others, either in words or actions, a false as, scripsi, I have written. e) say,, ' I
necessary things learned in other sciences and or hypocritical appearance, usually witha have written a letter to my correspondent ;”
known beforehand. Hooker. view to conceal what is real, and thus to in which sentence, the tine is supposed to
PRESUPPO’SED, pp. Supposed to be an- deceive. Under pretense of giving liberty be not distant and not specified. But
tecedent. to nations, the prince conquered and en- when the time is mentioned, we use the
PRESUPPO’SING, ppr. Supposing to be slaved them. Under pretense of patriot- imperfect tense so called ; as, “I wrote to
previous. ism, ambitious men serve their own selfish my correspondent yesterday.” In this use
PRESUPPOSI'TION, n. Supposition pre- purposes. of the preterit or perfect tense, the English
viously formed. Let not Trojans, with a feigned pretense differs from the French, in which jai ecrié
2. Supposition of something antecedent. Of proffer’d peace, delude the Latian prince. hier, is correct; but I have written yester-
PRESURMISE, n.presurmi'ze. [pre and sur- Dryden. day, would be very bad English.
mise. | It is sometimes preceded by on; as on PRETERI’TION, x. [Fr. from L. pretereo,
A surmise previously formed. Shak. pretense of revenging Cesar’s death. to pass by.]}
PRETEND, v.t. (L. pretendo; pre, be- Middleton. 1. The act of going past ; the state of being
fore, and tendo, to tend, to reach or . Assumption ; claim to notice. past. Halli.
stretch; Fr. pretendre; It. pretendere ; Sp. Never was any thing of this pretense more 2. In rhetoric, a figure by which, in pretend-
pretender.| ingeniously imparted. Evelyn. ing to pass over any thing, we make a
1. Literally, to reach or stretch forward; 3. Claim, true or false. summary mention of it; as, “I will not
used by Dryden, but this use is not well Primogeniture cannot have any pretense to a say, he is valiaut, he is learned, he is just,”
authorized. right of solely inheriting property or power. &c. The most artful praises are those
Locke.| bestowed by way ofpreterition. Encye.
92, 'To hold out, as a false appearance ; to
offer something feigned instead of that 4. Something held out to terrify or for other PRE’TERITNESS, n. [from preterit.] The
which is real; to simulate, in words or purpose ; as a pretense of danger. — Shak.! state of being past. [Little used.]
actions. PRETENS’ED, a. Pretended; feigned ; as) é Bentley.
This let him know, a pretensed right to land. [Little used.] | PRETERLAPS’‘ED, a. [L. preterlapsus,
Lest willfully transgressing, he pretend Encye.| preterlabor ;preter and labor, to glide.]
Surprisal. Milton. PRETEN’SION, n. [it. pretensione ; Fr. Past; gone by; as preterlapsed ages.
3. To show hypocritically; as, to pretend pretention.] Walker.
great zeal when the heart is net engaged ; 1. Claim, true or false; a holding out the, PRETERLE’GAL, a. [L. preter and legal.}
to pretend patriotism for the sake of gain- appearance of right or possession of a) Exceeding the limits of law; not legal.
ing popular applause or obtaining an of- thing, with a view to make others believe [Little used.) K. Charles.
fice. what is not real, or what, if true, is not |PRETERMIS/SION, n. [L. pretermissio,
4. To exhibit as a cover for something hid- yet known or admitted. A man may from pretermitto.] A passing by ; omis-
den. make pretensions to rights which he can- sion.
Lest that too heavenly form, pretended not maintain ; he may make pretensions to 2. In rhetoric, the same as preterition.
To hellish falsehood, snare them. Milton. skill which he does not possess; and he PRETERMIT,, v. ¢. [L. pretermitto ; pro-
[.Vot in use.) may inake pretensions to skill or acquire- ter, beyond, and mitto, to send.}
5. To claim. ments whieh he really possesses, but To pass by ; to omit. Bacon.
Chiefs shall be grudg’d the part which they which he is not known to possess. Hence),
pretend. Dryden. we speak of ill founded pretensions, and) PRETERNAT'URAL, a. {L. preter and
In this sense, we generally use pretend to. well founded pretensions. natural. |
6. To intend; to design. [.Mot used.] 2. Claim to something to be obtained, or a Beyond what is natural, or different from
Spenser. desire to obtain something, manifested by what is natural; irregular. We call those
PRETEND’, v. t. To put in a claim, truly words or actions. Any citizen nay have| events in the physical world preternatural,
or falsely ;to hold out the appearance of pretensions to. the honor of representing! which are extraordinary, which are deem-
being, possessing or performing. A man the state in the senate or house of repre-| ed to be beyond or without the ordinary
may pretend to be a physician, and pretend, sentatives. course of things, and yet are not deemed
to perform great cures. Bad men often The commons demand that the consulship miraculous; in distinetion from events
pretend to be patriots. should lie in common to the pretensions of any which are supernatural, which cannot be
PRETEND/ED, pp. Held out, as a false’ Roman. Swift. produced by physical laws or powers, and
appearance; feigned; simulated. Men indulge those opinions and_ practices must therefore be produced by a direct
2. a. Ostensible ;hypocritical ; asa pretend- that favor their pretensions. LL Estrange. exertion of omnipotence. We also apply
ed reason or motive ; pretended zeal. Fictitious appearance ; a Latin phrase. not} the epithet to things uncommon or irreg-
PRETEND’EDLY, adv. By false appear- now used. ular; as a preternatural swelling ; a pre-
ance or represeutation. Hammond. This was but an invention and pretension ternatural pulse; a preternatural excite-
given out by the Spaniards. Bacon.| ment or temper.
PRETEND/ER, n. One who makes a show
of something not real; one who lays PRETENT’ATIVE, a. [L. pre and tento,, PRETERNATURAL‘ITY, x. Preternatu-
claim to any thing. to try.] | ralness. [Little used.] Smith.
2, In English history, the heir of the royal That may be previously tried or attempted. PRETERNAT’URALLY, adv. In a man-
family of Stuart, who lays claim to the [Little used.| Wotton. ner beyond or aside from the common or-
crown of Great Britain, but is excluded PRETER, a Latin preposition, [preter,| is| der of nature ; as vessels of the body pre-
by law. Burnel.| used in some English words as a prefix. ternaturally distended.
 PR E PRE PRE
PRETERNAT'URALNESS, n. A state or 2, Neatness and taste displayed on small vailed ;when he let down his hand, Amalek
manner different from the common order objects ; as the preltiness of a flower bed prevailed, Ex. xvii.
3. Decency of manners; pleasing propriety With over or against.
of nature.
PRETERPER’‘FE€T, a. [L. preter and) without dignity or elevation; as the prei- David prevailed over the Philistine with a
tiness of a child’s behavior. sling and with a stone. 1 Sam. xvii.
perfectus. } : This kingdom could never prevail against
Literally, more than complete or finished ; an PRETTY, a. prit/ty. (Sax. prete, adorned; the united power of England. Swift.
epithet equivalent to pretertt, appliedto the pretig, sly, crafty ; Dan. prydet, adorned ; 2. To be in force ; to have effect, power or
tense of verbs which expresses action or Sw. prydd, id. ;W. pryd, comeliness, beau- influence.
being absolutely past. { Grammar.] H
|
ty, also that is present, stated time, hour This custom makes the short-sighted bigots
Spectator. or season, Visage, aspect ;prydain, exbib- and the warier sceptics, as far as it prevails.
PRETERPLUPER'FE€T, a. [L. preter, iting presence or an open countenance, Locke.
beyond, plus, more, and perfectus, perfect. ] beautiful ; prydiaw, to represent an object, 3. To be predominant; to extend over with
Literally, beyond more than perfect ;an epi- to record an event, to render seasonable, force or effect. The fever prevailed in a
thet designating the tense of verbs which to set apart a time, to become seasona- a great part of the city.
expresses action or being past prior to an-}, ble. This word seems to be connected 4. To gain or have predominant influence;
other past event or time; better denomi- with priawd, appropriate, proper, fitting, to operate with effect. These reasons,
nated the prior past tense, that is, past whence priadi, to render appropriate, to arguments or motives ought to prevail
prior to another event. espouse or marry, and priodverc, a bride. with all candid men. In this sense, it is
PRETEX’, v.t. [L. pretero; pre and tero, Hence it is evident, the radical sense is’ followed by with.
or tego, terut.] set, or as we say, seé off, implying enlarge- 5. ‘To persuade or induce ;with on or upor.
To cloak; to conceal. [.Vot used.] ment.] They prevailed on the president to ratify
Edwards. 1. Having diminutive beauty; of a pleasing the treaty. It is also followed by with.
PRETEXT’, n. [L. pretextus ; Fr. pretexte; form without the strong lines of beauty,or They could not prevail with the king to
It. pretesto ; Sp. pretezto.] without gracefulness and dignity; as a pardon the offender. But on is more com-
Pretense ; false appearance ; ostensible rea- pretty face ; a pretty person ; a pretty flow- mon in modern practice.
son or motive assigned or assumed as a er. 6. To succeed. The general attempted to
color or cover tor the real reason or mo- The pretty gentleman is the most complai- take the fort by assault, but did not pre-
tive. He gave plausible reasons for his sant creature in the world. Spectator. vail. The most powerful arguments were
That which is little can be but pretty, and by employed, but they did not prevail.
conduct, but these were only a pretext to
claiming dignity becomes ridiculous.
conceal his real motives. } Johnson.
PREVA‘ILING, ppr. Gaining advantage,
He made pretext that 1 should only go
2. Neat and appropriate without magnifi- superiority or victory; having effect; per-
And help convey his freight; but thought suading ; succeeding.
not so. Chapman. cence or splendor ; as a pretty dress. 2~ a. Predominant; having more influence;
They suck the blood of those they depend on,} \3. Handsome ; neatly arranged or orna- prevalent; superior in power. The love
under a pretext of service and kindness. mented ; as a pretty flower bed.
L' Estrange.| 4. Neat; elegant without elevation or grand-
of money and the love of power are the
eur; as a pretty tale or story; a pretty prevailing passions of men.
PRE’TOR, n. [L. praetor, from the root of'| 3. Efficacious.
pre, before.] song or composition. Saints shall assist thee with prevailing
{
Among the ancient Romans, a judge ; an offi- |5. Sly; erafty ;as, he has played his friend prayers. Rowe.
cer answering to the modern chief justice a pretty trick. This seems to be the sense
or chancellor, or to both. In later times, of the word in this phre Sse, according with)! . Predominant; most general; as the pre-
vailing disease of a climate; a prevailing
subordinate judges appointed to distribute}, the Saxon pretig. And hence perhaps the opinion. Intemperance is the prevailing
justice in the provinces, were created and) phrase, a pretty fellow. vice of many countries.
called pretors or provincial pretors. These} iG. Small; diminutive; inecontempt. He will PREVA‘ILMENT, xn. Prevalence. {Little
assisted the consuls in the government of] make a pretty figure in a triumph.
used.] Shak.
the provinces. Encye.| 7. Not very small; moderately large; asa |PREV/ALENCE, ? Superior strength, in-
In modern times, the word is sometimes|| | pretly way off. }
| Cut off the stalks of cucumbers immediately, |/PREV/ALENCY, § ™ Anence or efficacy ;
used for a mayor or magistrate. most efficacious force in producing an ef-
after their bearing, close by the earth, and then
Dryden. Spectator. cast a pretty quantity of earth upon the plant, fect.
PRETO’RIAL, a. Pertaining to a pretor or and they will bear next year before the ordina-| The duke better knew what kind of argu-
judge : judicial. Burke. ry time. [.Votin use.] Bacon.| ments were of prevalence with him.
PRETO’RIAN, a. Belonging to a pretor or} IPRETTY, adv. prit‘ty. In some degree ; Clarendon.
judge; judicial ;exercised by the pretor ;| tolerably :moderately; as a farm pretty) 2. Predominance; most general reception
as pretorian power or authority. Bacon. well stocked ; the colors became preity or practice; as the prevalence of vice, or of
Pretorian bands or guards, in Roman histo- vivid; T am pretty sure of the fact; the corrupt maxims; the prevalence of opinion
ry, were the emperor’s guards. Their wind is preity fair. The English farthing or fashion.
number was ultimately increased to ten is pretty near the value of the American) \3. Most general existence or extension; as
thousand men. Encye. cent. In these and similar phrases, pretty! | the prevalence of a disease.
PRE’TORSHIP, n. The office of pretor. expresses less than very. |jd. Suecess ; as the prevalence of prayer.
Warton. ‘The writer preity plainly professes himself a PREVALENT, @. Gaining advantage or
PRETTILY, adv. pril‘tily. [from pretty.] In sincere christian. Atterbury. superiority ; victorious.
a pretty manner; with neatness and taste ;PRETYP IFIED, pp. [from pretypify.] Ante- Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that
pleasingly ; without magnificence or splen- eedently represented by type; prefigured. prevalent arms were as good as any title.
dor; as a woman prettily dressed ; a par- PRETY?PIFY, v. ¢t. [pre and typify.] To)
Raleigh.
prefigure ; to exhibit previously in a type. {2. Powerful; efficacious ; successful; as
terre prettily ornamented with flowers. yrevalent supplications.
Pearson.
2, With decency, good manners and deco- PRETYP/IFYING, ppr. Prefiguring. co redomivant ; most generally received or
rum without dignity. PREVA'IL, v. i. [F'r. prevaloir; It. preva- current ; as a prevalent opinion.
Children kept out of ill company, take a pride lere ; Sp. prevalecer ; L. prevaleo; pre, be- Woodward.
to behave themselves prettily. Locke. fore, and valeo, to be strong or well. Valeo 4, Predominant ; most general; extensively
PRETTINESS, n. prit’tiness. [from pretty.| seems to be from the same root as the existing ; as a prevalent disease.
J. Diminutive beauty ; a pleasing form with- Eng. well. The primary sense is to stretch PREV’/ALENTLY, adv. With predemin-
out stateliness or dignity ; as the prettiness or strain forward, to advance. ] ance or superiority ; powerfully.
ofthe face ; the prettiness ofa bird or oth- 1. To overcome; to gain the victory or su- The evening star so falls into the main
er small animal ; the pretliness of dress. periority ;to gain the advantage. To rise at morn more prevalently bright.
More. When Moses held up his hand, Israel pre- Prior
 PRE PRE PRI
PREVARICATE, v. i. [It. prevaricare ;Sp. be prevented. It is easier to prevent an Tn this passage, the captives are distin-
prevaricar ;Fr. prevariquer; L. prevari- evil than to remedy it. guished from prey. But sometimes per-
cor; pre and varico, varicor, to straddle.} Too great confidence in success, is the likeli- sons are included.
. To shuffle; to quibble ; to shift or turn est to prevent it. Atterbury. They [Judah] shall become a prey and a
_
EVENTY, v. i. To come before the usu- spoil to all their enemies. 2 Kings xxi.
from one side to the other, from the di-
rect -ourse or from truth; to play foul al time. _[.Vot in use.] Bacon. \2. That which is seized or may be seized by
PREVENT’ABLE, a. That may be pre- violence to be devoured; ravine. The
lay eagle and the hawk dart upon their prey.
I would think better of himself, than that he vented or hindered. Reynolds.
PREVENT’ED, pp. Hindered from hap- She sees herself the monster’s prey. Dryden.
would wilfully prevaricate. Stillingfleet. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job
wo. In the civil law, to collude ; as where an pening or taking effect.
informer colludes with the defendant, and PREVENT’ER, x. One that goes before. lv.

makes a sham prosecution. Encye. [Mot in use.] Bacon. 3. Ravage ; depredation.

Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, lion in prey.
~ In English law, to undertake a thing 2. One that hinders ; a hinderer; that which Shak.
falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose hinders ; as a preventer of evils or of dis- Animal or beast of prey, is a carnivorous ani-
of defeating or destroying it. Cowel. ease. mal; one that feeds on the flesh of other
PREVARI€ATE, v. t. To pervert; to cor- PREVENT'ING, ppr. Going before. Obs. animals. The word is applied to the lar-
rupt; to evade by a quibble. [But in a 2. Hindering ; obviating. ger animals, as lions, tigers, hawks, vul-
transitive sense, this word is seldom or never PREVENT INGLY, adv. In such a man- tures, &c. rather than to insects; yet an
used.} ner or way as to hinder. Dr. Walker. insect feeding on other insects may be
PREVARI€A/TION, n. A_ shuffling or PREVEN’TION, n. [Fr.} The act of going called an animal of prey.
quibbling to evade the truth or the dis- before. Obs. Bacon.) (PREY, v.i. To prey on or upon, is to rob ;
closure of truth; the practice of some 2. Preoccupation; anticipation. {Zuttle us- to plunder; to pillage.
trick for evading what is just or honora- ed. Hammond. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize and de-
ble; a deviation from the plain path of 3. The act of hindering; hinderance ; ob- vour. The wolf preys onsheep; the hawk
truth and fair dealing. Addison. struction of access or approach. preys on chickens. ;
wo. In the civil law, the collusion of an in-
Prevention of sin is one of the greatest mer- 3. To corrode; to waste gradually ; to
former with the defendant, for the pur- cies God can vouchsafe. South.
cause to pine away. Grief preys on the
pose of making a sham prosecution. 4. Prejudice; prepossession; a French sense, body and spirits; envy and jealousy prey
Encye. but not in use in English. Dryden.
on the health.
In common law, a seeming to undertake a PREVEN’TIONAL, a. Tending to pre-
Language is too faint to show
thing falsely or deceitfully, for the pur- vent. Dict.
His rage of love ; it preys upon his life;
pose of defeating or destroying it. Cowel. PREVENTIVE, a. Tending to hinder; | He pines, he sickens, he despairs, he dies.
4. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public hindering the access of; as a medicine Addison.
office or commission. Encye. preventive of disease. Brown. i PREYER, n. He or that which preys; a
PREVAR‘ICATOR, n. One that prevari- PREVENTIVE, n. That which prevents ;| plunderer; a waster; a devourer.
eates; a shuffler; a quibbler. that which intercepts the access or ap- |PREYING, ppr. Plundering ; corroding ;
9. A sham dealer; one who colludes with a proach of. Temperance and exercise are} wasting gradually.
defendant in a sham prosecution. excellent preventives of debility and lan- PRICE, n. [Fr. prix; It. prezzo ; Sp. pre-
Cwwil Law. guor. cio; Arm. pris; D. prys; G. preis; Dan.
3. One who abuses his trust. 2. An antidote previously taken. A medi- priis; W. pris or prid; prisiaw, to value,
PREVE NE, v. t. [L. prevenio ; pre, before, cine may be taken as a preventive of dis- to apprize; pridiaw, to give a price, value
and venio, to come.] ease. or equivalent, to pawn, to ransom; L.
Literally, to come before ; hence, to hinder. PREVENT'IVELY, adv. By way of pre- pretium. See Praise.]
{Vot used.] Philips. vention; ina manner that tends to hin- ile The sum or amount of money at which
PREVE/NIENT, a. [L. preveniens.] Go- der. a thing is valued, or the value which a
ing before ; preceding ; hence, preventive ; PRE’VIOUS, a. [L. previus; pre, before, seller sets on his goods in market. A man
as prevenient grace. Milton. and via, way, that is, a going, Sax. weg.| often sets a price on goods which he can-
PREVENT’, v. t. [It. prevenire; Sp. Fr. Going before in time; being or happening not obtain, and often takes less than the
prevenir : L. prevenio, supra.) before something else ; antecedent ; prior ; price set.
1. To go before ; to precede. as a previous intimation of a design; a 2. The sum or equivalent given for an arti-
I prevented the dawning of the morning, and previous notion; a previous event. cle sold; as the price paid for a house, an
Sound from the mountain, previous to the ox or a watch.
cried. Ps. exix.
storm,
. To precede, as something unexpected or Rolls o’er the muttering earth. Thomson.
3. The current value or rate paid for any
unsought. PRE’VIOUSLY, adv. In time preceding; species of goods; as the market price of
The days of my affliction prevented me. Job beforehand ; antecedently ; asa plan pre- wheat.
xxx. 2 Sam. xxii . Value ; estimation; excellence ;worth.
viously formed.
3. To go before; to precede; to favor by PRE'VIOUSNESS, x. Antecedence ; pri- Who can find a virtuous woman? for her
anticipation or by hindering distress or ority in time. price is far above rubies. Prov. xxxi.
evil. PREVI’SION, n. sas z. [L. previsus, pre- 5. Reward ; recompense.
The God of my mercy shall prevent me. Ps. video ; pre, before, and video, to see.] That vice may merit; *tis the price of toil ;
lix. The knave deserves it when he tills the soil.
Prevent us, O Lord, in all our doings, with Foresight; foreknowledge ; prescience.
Encye. Pope.
thy most gracious favor. Common Prayer. The price of redemption, is the atonement
4. 'To anticipate. PREWARN,, v.t. [See Warn.] To warn
beforehand ; to give previous notice of. of Jesus Christ. 1 Cor. vi.
Their ready guilt preventing thy commands.
Pope. Beaum. A price in the hands of a fool, the valuable
a ae preoceupy ; to pre-engage ; to attempt PREY, n. [L. prada; It. preda; Fr. proie ; offers of salvation, which he neglects.
Arm. preyz or preth ; D. proot. In Welsh, Prov. xvii.
irst.
Thou hast prevented us with overtures of praiz, Ir. preit, signifies booty or spoil of, PRICE, v.t. To pay for. [.Vot in use.]
love. K. Charles. cattle taken in war, also a flock or herd;
Spenser.
{In all the preceding senses, the word is preiziaw, to herd, to collect a herd, to 2. To seta price on. [See Prize.]
obsolete.| drive offor make booty of cattle.] PRICELESS, a. Invaluable ; too valuable
j. To hinder; to obstruct; to intercept the 1. Spoil; booty; plunder; goods taken by to admit ofa price. Shak.
approach or access of. This is now the force from an enemy in war. 2. Without value; worthless or unsalable.
only sense. No foresight or care will pre- And they brought the captives and the prey
J. Barlow.
vent every misfortune. Religion supplies and the spoil to Moses and Eleazar the priest. PRICK, v.t. [Sax. priccian ; D. prikken ; Dan.
consolation under afilictions whieh eannot Num. xxxi. prikker ;Sw. pricka ; Ir. priocam.]
 PRI PR «I PRT

1. To pierce with a sharp pointed instru- bark only, and thus distinguished from the PRIDEFUL, a. Full of pride; insolent;
ment or substance ; as, to prick one with thorn, which grows trom the wood of a | scornful. Richardson.
plant. Thus the rose, the bramble, the |PRI/DELESS, a. Destitute of pride ; with-
a pin, a needle, a thorn or the like.
gooseberry and the barberry are armed out pride. Chaucer.
2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an acu-
minated point; applied chiefly to the}! with prickles. Martyn. |PRIDING, ppr. Indulging pride or self-
inted ears of)2. A sharp pointed process of an animal. | esteem; taking pride; valuing one’s self.
ears, and primarily to the pointe
PRICK’LE-BACK, n. A_ small fish, so PRIVDINGLY, adv. With pride ; in pride of
an animal. The horse pricks his ears, or)
named from the prickles on its back; the heart. Barrow.
pricks up his ears. Dict. Nat. Hist.) PRIE, supposed to be so written for privet.
3. To fix by the point; as, to prick a knife!) stickle-back.
Newton. PRICK’/LINESS, n. [from prickly.) The Tusser.
into a board. IPRIE, for pry. Chaucer.
4. To hang on a point. ai state of having many prickles.
The cooks prick a slice on a prong of iron. PRICK’LOUSE, n. A low word in con- PRIEF, for proof, obsolete. Chaucer.
Sandys.| tempt for a taylor. L’ Estrange. \PRIUER, n. [from pry.} One who inquires
5. To designate by a puncture or mark. PRICK’LY, a. Full of sharp points or prick- narrowly ; one who searches and scruti-
Some who are pricked for sherifs, and are fit,|! les; armed with
prickles; as a prickly nizes.
set out of the bill. Bacon.|| shrub. Martyn. Swift. |PRIEST, n. [Sax. preost; D. G. priester;
6. To spur; to goad; to incite ;sometimes}, PRICK’/MADAM, n. A species of house- Dan. prest; Fr. pretre; [t. prete; from L.
with on or off. | leek. Johnson. prestes, a chiet, one that presides ; pre, be-
My duty pricks me on to utter that } PRICK/PUNCH, n. A piece of tempered fore, and sto, to stand, or sisto, or Gr.
Which no worldly good should draw from me.|, steel with a round point, to prick a round wut. This is probably the origin of the
Shak.
But how if honor prick me off: Shak. mark on eold iron. Moxon. oO -U--

word. In Persie, Umkm ye parastash

7. To affect with sharp pain; to sting with PRICK’SONG, n. A song set to music, or
a variegated song; in distinction from a
remorse. oT G--

When they heard this, they were pricked in plain song. Shak. Bale. is worship ; Cy dada ye parastidan, to
their hearts. Acts ii. Ps. xxiii. PRICK/WOQD, n. A tree of the genus
8. To make acid or pungent to the taste; Euonymus. Fam. of Plants. worship, to adore.]
as, wine is pricked. Hudibras. ‘PRIDE, n. [Sax. pryt, pryde; D. prat, 1. A man who officiates in sacred offices.
9. To write a musical composition with the proud.] Among pagans, priests were persous
proper notes on a scale. | Inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable
\1. whose appropriate business was to offer
10. In seamen’s language, to run a middle conceit of one’s own superiority in talents, sacrifices and perform other sacred rites
seam through the cloth of a sail. beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or of religion. In primitive ages, the fathers
Mar. Dict. elevation in office, which manifests itself of families, princes and kings were priests.
To prick a chart, is to trace a ship’s course in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in Thus Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham,
on a chart. Mar. Dict. contempt of others. Melchizedeck, Job, Isaac and Jacob offer-
PRICK, v.i. To become acid; as, cider! Martial pride looks down on industry. ed their own sacrifices. In the days of
T. Dawes.
pricks in the rays of the sun. | Moses, the office of priest was restricted
Pride goeth before destruction. Prov. xvi.
2. To dress one’s self for show. Pride that dines on vanity, sups on contempt. to the tribe of Levi, and the priesthood
3. To come upon the spur; to shoot along. Franklin. cousisted of three orders, the high priest,
Before each van All pride is abject and mean. Johnson. the priests, and the Levites, and the office
Prick forth the airy knights. Milton. Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. was made hereditary in the family of Aa-
4, To aim at a point, mark or place. Dan. iv. ron.
Hawkins.\9, Insolence ; rude treatment of others; in- Every priest taken from among men is or-
PRICK, n. [Sax. pricea; Sw. prick or|| solent exultation. dained for men in things pertaining to God, that
preka ;tand-preka, a tooth pick ; Ir. prioca.}), That hardly we escap’d the pride of France. || he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.
J. A slender pointed instrument or sub-|, Shak.| Heb. v.
stance, which is hard enough to pierce Generous elation of heart; a noble self- 2. In the modern church, a person who is set
the skin ; a goad; a spur. | esteem springing from a consciousness of apart or consecrated to the ministry of
It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. worth. the gospel; a man in orders or licensed
Acts ix. The honest pride of conscious virtue. Smvth. to preach the gospel; a presbyter. In its
Sharp stinging pain ; remorse. Shak. . Elevation ; lotuness. most general sense, the word includes
A spot or mark at which archers aim. A falcon tow’ring in her pride of place. archbishops, bishops, patriarchs, and all
Carew. Shak. subordinate orders of the clergy, duly ap-
A point; a fixed place. Spenser. oO. Decoration ; ornament ; beauty displayed. proved and licensed according to the
A puncture or place entered by a point. Whose lofty trees, yclad with summer's forms and rules of each respective denom-
Brown. pride. Spenser.)
ination of christians; as all these orders
The print of a hare on the ground. Be his this sword
“are ordained for men in things pertain-
Whose ivory sheath, inwrought with curious
7. In seamen’s language, a small roll; as al) pride,
ing to God.” But in Great Britain, the
pad of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco. Adds graceful terror to the wearer’s side. word is understood to denote the subor-
PRICK’ED, pp. Pierced with a_ sharp Pope. dinate orders of the clergy, above a dea-
point; spurred ; goaded ; stung with pain ;||G. Splendid show ; ostentation. con and below a bishop. In the United
rendered acid or pungent; marked; de- {n this array, the war ofeither side States, the word denotes any licensed
signated. Through Athens pass’d with military pride. minister of the gospel.
PRICK’ER, vn. A sharp pointed instrument. Dryden. IPRIE/STCRAFT, n. [priest and craft.) The
. : : Movon.|'7, That of which men are proud; that stratagems and frauds of priests; fraud or
2. In colloquial use, a prickle. which excites boasting. imposition in religious concerns ;manage-
3. Alight horseman. [WVot inuse.] [ will cut off the pride of the Philistines. | ment of selfish and ambitious priests to
Hayward.|| Zech. ix. Zeph. iii. gain wealth and power, or to impose on
PRICW/ET, n. A buck in his second year. |8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in a the credulity of others. Pope. Spectator
Manwood.|| female beast. Shak. PRIE/STESS, n. A female among pagans,
PRICK/ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp) 9. Proud persons. Ps. xxxvi. who officiated in sacred things.
point; goading; affecting with pungent PRIDE, v. t. With the reciprocal pronoun, Addison. Swift.
pain ; making or becoming acid. to pride one’s self, to indulge pride; to PRIE/STHOOD, n. The office or charac-
PRICK’ING, n. A sensation of sharp pain, take pride; to value one’s self; to gratify ter ofa priest. Whatgifte.
or of being pricked. self-esteem. They pride themselves in their 2. The order of men set apart for sacred of-
PRICK’LE, n. In botany, a small pointed wealth, dress or equipage. He prides fices; the order composed of priests.
shoot or sharp process, growing from the himselfin his achievments. Dryden
 '

PRI PRI PRI |

PRIE/STLIKE, a. Resembling a priest, or PRIME, a. [L. primus; Sax. Goth. fl PRIME, v. 7. To serve for the charge of a
that which belongs to priests. Shak. beginning, origin; Goth. frumist, first; gun. Beaum.
PRIE/STLINESS, n. The appearance and Dan. frem, forward, straight on; fremmer,|PRI/MED, pp. Having powder in the pan:
manner of a priest. to forward or promote ; Sw. fram, frinya; having the first color in painting.
PRIE/STLY, a. Pertaining to a priest or to W. priv, first ;priviaw, to grow up, to in-|/PRI/MELY, adv. At first; originally; pri-
priests ;sacerdotal; as the priestly office. crease, to prosper; Ir. priomh, first, and marily. South.
2. Becoming a priest; as priestly sobriety reamain, beginning. See Class Rm. Ne.||2, Most excellently.
and purity of life. 3. 7. 9.] PRUMENESS, x. The state of being first.
PRIE/STRIDDEN, a. [priest and ridden. 1. First in order oftime ; original; as prime||y, Supreme excellence. [Litlle used in ei-
See Ride.] Managed or governed by fathers ;prime creation. Shak. ther sense.|
priests. Suifl. In this sense, the use of the word is PRIMER, a. First; original. [Motin use.}
PRIEVE, for prove. Spenser. nearly superseded by primitive, except in Drayton.
PRIG, n. [G. frech, bold, saucy, impudent.] the phrase, prime cost. PRIM’‘ER, x. A small prayer book for
1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmatical fel- 2. First in rank, degree or dignity; as prime church service, or an office of the virgin
low. Addison. Swift. minister. Mary.
2. A thief. 3. First in excellence ;as prime wheat ; cloth 2. A small elementary book for teaching
PRIG, v. i. To haggle about the price of a ofaprime quality. Humility and resigna- children to read.
commodity. Obs. Ramsay’s Poems. tion are prime virtues. Dryden.) PRIMER-FIUNE, n. In England, a fine
PRIG, v.t. To filch or steal. 4, Early ; blooming. due to the king on the writ or commence-
PRILL, x. A birt or turbot. Ainsworth. His starry helm unbuck!’d, showed him prime ment of a suit by fine. Blackstone.
PRIM, a. [Russ. primo or priamo, in a right In manhood, where youth ended. Milton. PRIME’RO, nx. A game at cards. [Sp.]
line, directly; priamei, straight, direct, 5. First in value or importance. PRIMER-SE/IZIN, n. (prime and seizin.}
true, just. See Prime.] Prime number, in arithmetic, a number In feudal law, the right of the king, when
Properly, straight ; erect ; hence, formal ; which is divisible only by unity, as 5. 7. a tenant in capite died seized of a knight’s
orecise ; affectedly nice. Swift. 11. Encye. fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age,
PRIM, v.t. To deck with great nicety; to Prime figure, in geometry, a figure which vue year’s profits of the land if in posses-
form with affected preciseness. cannot be divided into any other figure sion, and half a year’s profits if the land
PRIMACY, n. [It. primazia ; Fr. primatie; more simple than itself, as a triangle, a | Was in reversion expectant on an estate
Sp. primacia ; trom L. primatus, trom pri- pyramid, &c.
|
for life ;abolished by 12 Car. 2. Encye,
mus, first. See Prime.] PRIME, n. The first opening of day; the PRIME'VAL, a. [L. primus, first, and evum,
J. The chiefecclesiastical station or dignity ; dawn ; the morning. age ; prime@vus.
the office or dignity of an archbishop. Early and late it rung, at evening and at Original; primitive; as the primeval inno-
Clarendon. prime. Spenser. cence of man; primeval day. Blackmore.
2. Excellency ;supremacy. Barrow. The sweet hour ofprime. Milton. PRIME/VOUS, a. Primeval.
PRIMMAGE, n. In commerce, a small duty 2. The beginning; the early days. PRIMIGE/NIAL, a. [L. primigenius; pri-
payable to the master and mariners of a In the very prime of the world. Hooker. mus, first, and genus, kind, or gignor, to
ship. Encye. 3. The spring of the year. beget.] First born; original; primary.
PRIMAL, a. [See Prime.] First. [ot in Hope waits upon the flowery prine. Bp. Halli.
use. | Shak. Waller.
PRIMIG'ENOUS, a. [supra.] First formed
PRIMARILY, adv. [from primary.) In 4. The spring of life ; youth; hence, full or generated; original ; as semi-primigen-
the first place ; originally; in the first in- health, strength or beauty. ous strata. Kirwan.
tention. The word emperor primarily That crop the golden prime of this sweet PRIMING, ppr. Putting powder in the pan
signifies a general or military commander prince. Shak. of a fire-arm.
in chief. In diseases, the physician is to The prime of youth. Dryden.
2. Laying on the first color.
attend to the part primarily affected. 5. The best part. PRIMING, n. The powder in the pan ofa
PRIUMARINESS, n. The state of being Give him always of the prime. Swift. gun, or laid along the channel of a can-
first in time, in act or intention. Norris. 6. The utmost perfection. non for conveying fire to the charge.
PRIMARY, a. [L. primarius. See Prime.) The plants—would have been all in prime. 2. Among painters, the first color laid on
J. First in order of time; original; as the Woodward. canvas or ona building, &c.
church of Christ in its primary institution.
Pearson. \7. In the Romish church, the first canonical PRI/MING-WIRE, n. A pointed wire, used
hour, succeeding to lauds. Encye. to penetrate the vent of a piece, for ex-
TheseI call original or primary qualities of
body. Locke.) 8. In fencing, the first of the chief guards.
amining the powder of the charge or for
2, First in dignity or importance; chief; Encye. piercing the cartridge. Encyc.
principal. Our ancestors considered the 9. In chimistry, primes are numbers employ- PRIMIP’ILAR, a. [L. primipilus, the cen-
education of youth of primary importance, ed, in conformity with the doctrine of| turion of the first cohort of a Roman le-
definite proportions, to express the ratios gion.}
3. Elemental; intended to teach youth the
first rudiments ; as primary schools. in which bodies enter into combination. Pertaining to the captain of the vanguard.
4. Radical; original; as the primary sense Primes duly arranged in a table, consti- Barrow.
of a word. tute a seale of chimical equivalents. They PRIMI’TIAL, a. Being of the first pro-
Primary planets, are those which revolve also express the ratios of the weights of duction. Ainsworth.
about the sun, in distinction from the sec-| atoms, according to the atomic theory. PRIMITIVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primi-
ondary planets, which revolve about the Prime of the moon, the new moon, when it tif; L. primitivus ; from primus, first.]
primary. first appears after the change. Encye. |. Pertaining to the beginning or origin;
Primary qualities of bodies, are such as are Prime vertical, the vertical cirele which pass- original; first; as the primitive state of
original and inseparable from them. es through the poles of the meridian, or Adam ; primitive innocence ;_ primitive
PRUMATE, n. [It. primato; Fr. primat; the east and west points of the horizon. ages; the primitive church ; the primitive
Low L. primas. _See Prime.] Dials projected on the plane of this cirele, christian chureh or institutions ; the prim-
The chief ecelesiastic in the church; an are called prime vertical or north and itive fathers. White. Tillotson.
archbishop. Encyc. Swift. south dials. Encye. 2. Formal; affectedly solemn ; imitating the
PRUMA'TESHIP, 2. The office or dignity PRIME, v. t. To put powder in the pan of} supposed gravity of old times. Johnson.
ofan archbishop. j a musket or other fire-arm ; or to lay a 3. Original; primary ; radical ; not derived ;
PRIMA’TIAL, a. Pertaining to a primate. train of powder for communicating fire to as a primilive verb in grammar.
D’ Anville, Trans. a charge. Encye. Primitive rocks, in geology, rocks supposed
PRIMAT ICAL, a. Pertaining to a primate. 2. To lay on the first color in painting. to be first formed, being irregularly crys-
Barrow. i Encyc. talized, and aggregated without a cement,
 PRI PRI PRI
and containing no organic remains; as brenin, king, an exalted one,
and ceps. PRIN’CESS, n. A female sovereign, as ai
granite, gneiss, &c. Hence Brennus, the name of a celebrated empress or queen. Dryden.
PRIMITIVE, n. An original word; a word Yo
2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of
not derived from another. Gaulish commander. In Pers. meee a queen. Johnson.
PRIM ITIVELY, adv. Originally ;at. first. 3. The daughter of a king. Shak.
Brown. barin signifies lofty, or one elevated in 4. The consort of a prince; as the princess
2. Primarily ;not derivatively. j place or office.] of Wales.
3. According to the original rule or ancient 1. In a general sense, a sovereign ; the chie PRIN/CIPAL, a. [Fr. from L. principalis,
practice. South. and independent ruler ofa nation orstate. from princeps.|
PRIMITIVENESS, 7x. State of being Thus when we speak of theprinces of Eu- 1. Chief; highest in rank, character or re-
original ; antiquity ; conformity to an- rope, we include emperors and_ kings. spectability ;as the principal officers ofa
tiquity. _ Johnson. Hence, a chief in general ; as a prince of government ; the principal men of a city,
PRIMITY, x. The state of being original. the celestial host. Milton. town or state. Acts xxy. 1 Chron. xxiv.
[Wot used.] ; Pearson. 2. A sovereign in a certain territory ;one Chief; most important or considerable ;
PRIM/NESS, 2». [from prim.| Affected who has the government of a particular as the principal topics of debate ; the prin-
formality or niceness ; stiffness; precise- state or territory, but holds of a superior cipal arguments in a case; the principal
ness. to whom he owes certain services ; as the points of law; the principal beams of a
PRIMOGE'NIAL, a. [L. primigenius. See princes of the German states. building ; the principal productions of a
Primigenial. | 3. The son of a king or emperor, or the is- country.
First born, made or generated; original; sue of a royal family; as princes ofthe Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov. iv.
primary ; constituent; elemental ; as pri- blood. In England, the eldest son of the 3. In law, a principal challenge, is where the
mogenval light ;primogenial bodies. king is created prince of Wales. —Encyc. cause assigned carries with it prima facie
Boyle. 4. The chief of any body of men. evidence of partiality, favor or malice.
PRIMOGEN'ITOR, n. [L. primus, first, Peacham. Blackstone.
and genitor, father.] The first father or 5. A chief or ruler of either sex. Queen 4. In music, fundamental.
forefather. Gayton. Elizabeth is called by Camden prince, but PRIN‘CIPAL, nx. Achiefor head ; one who
PRIMOGEN'ITURE, n. [L. primus, first, this application is unusual and harsh. takes the lead ; as the principal of a fac-
and genitus, begotten.] Prince of the senate, in ancient Rome, was tion, an insurrection or mutiny.
1. The state of being born first of the same the person first called in the roll of sena- . The president, governor, or chief in au-
parents ; seniority by birth among child- tors. He was always of consular and thority. We apply the word to the chief
ren. censorian dignity. Encyc. instructor of an academy or seminary of
2. In law, the right which belongs to the In Scripture, this name prince is given to learning.
eldest son or daughter. Thus in Great God. Dan. viii ; to Christ, who is called . In law, the actor or absolute perpetrator
Britain, the right of inheriting the estate the prince of peace, Is. ix. and the prince of a crime, or an abettor. A principal in
of the father belongs to the eldest son, and of lite, Acts iii.; to the chief of
the priests, the first degree, is the absolute perpetra-
in the royal family, the eldest son of the the prince of the sanctuary, Is. xliii.; to tor of the crime; a principalin the second
king is entitled to the throne by primogen- the Roman emperor, Dan. ix.; to men of degree, is one who is present, aiding and
iture. Among the females, the crown de- superior worth and excellence, Eccles.
x.; abetting the fact to be done; distinguish-
scends by right of primogeniture to the to nobles, counselors and ofticers of a ed from an accessory. In treason, all per-
eldest daughter only and ber issue. kingdom, Is. x.; to the chief men of fami- sons concerned are principals.
Blackstone. lies or tribes, Num. xvii.; to Satan, who Blackstone.
Before the revolution, primogeniture, in is called the prince of this world, John xii. . In commerce, a capital sum lent on inter-
some of the American colonies, entitledand prince of the power of the air, Eph. ii. est, due as a debt or used as a fund ; so
the eldest son to a double portion of his |PRINCE, v. «. To play the prince ; to take called in distinction from interest or profits.
father’s estate, but this right has been state. Shak. Taxes must be continued, because we have
abolished. PRINCEDOM, x. prins/dom. The juris- no other means for paying off the principal.
PRIMOGEN'ITURESHIP, xn. The right of] diction, sovereignty, rank or estate of a Swift.
eldership. prince. 5. One primarily engaged ; a chief party ;
PRIMOR'DIAL, a. [Fr. from L. primordi- Under thee, as head supreme, in distinction from an auailiary.
alis, primordium ; primus, first, and ordo, Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I We were not principals, but auxiliaries in
order.| reduce. Milton. the war. Swift.
First in order; original ; existing from the PRINCELIKE, a. prins‘like. Becoming a PRINCIPALITY, 2. [Fr. principalité.]
beginning. Boyle. prince. Shak. 1. Sovereignty ;supreme power.
PRIMOR’DIAL, x. Origin ; first princi- PRINCELINESS, x. prins/liness. [from Sidney. Spenser.
ple or element. More.| princely. | 2. A prince ; one invested with sovereignty.
PRIMOR’DIAN, x. A kind of plum. The state, manner or dignity ofa prince. Tit. ili. Milton.
PRIMOR’DIATE, a. [See Primordial.] Sherwood.|3. The territory ofa prince ; or the country
Original ; existing from the first. Boyle. PRINCELY, a. prins'ly. Resembling al) which gives title to a prince; as the prin-
PRIMP, v. t To be formal or affected. prince; having the appearance of one] cipality of Wales.
[Mot English, or local.] high born; stately ;dignified ; asa prince- |4. Superiority ;predominance. [Little used.]
ly gentleman ; a princely youth. Shak. Taylor.
PRIM’/ROSE, n. s asz.[L. primula veris; 2. Having the rank of princes ; as a man o
primus, first, and rose ; literally, the first or 5. In Scripture, royal state or attire. “Jer.
princely birth ; a princely dame. xiii.
an early rose in spring.]
A plant of the genus Primula, of several va- Sidney. Waller. PRIN/CIPALLY, adv. Chiefly ;above all.
rieties, as the
white, the red, the yellow
3. Becoming a prince; royal; grand; au- They mistake the nature of criticism, who
gust; as a princely gift ; princely virtues. think its business is principally to find fault.
flowered, the cowslip, &c. Shakspeare J i Dryden.
Shak. Waller.
uses the word for gay or flowery ; as the 4. Very large ; as a princely fortune. PRIN’/CIPALNESS, n. The state of being
primrose wav. principal or chief.
5. Magnificent ; rich ; as a princely enter-
PRI/MY, a. Blooming. [Notused.] Shak. tainment. PRIN'CIPATE, x. Principality ;supreme
PRINCE, n. prins. (Fr. id.; It. Sp. prin- PRINCELY, adv. prins‘ly. In a princelike rule. Barrow.
cipe; L. princeps; D. prins; G. prinz; manner. Johnson. PRINCIP‘IA, n. plu. [L. principium.] First
Arm. prince. This word is probably com- PRINCES’-FETHER, n. A plant of the principles. Ash.
pounded of primus, corrupted, as the Gr. genus Amaranthus. Fam. of Plants. PRINCIPIA‘TION, n. [from L. principium.]
pw, and ceps, head, Fr. chef; or perhaps Prince’s metal, a mixture of copper and zink,
Analysis into constituent or elemental
of the Celtic breen, summit, whence W. in imitation of gold. Encye. parts. [JVot used.| Bacon.
Vol. IL. 43
 PRI PRI PR/t
and if this is the original word, print must PRINT’ING-INK, n. Ink used by printers
PRIN’CIPLE, n. [It. principio; Fr. prin- be a different word from the Fr. imprimer. of books.
cipe ; L. principium, beginning.}
1. Ina general sense, the cause, source or The Italian unites the L. premo and promo.] PRINT/ING-PAPER, n. Paper to be used
origin of any thing; that from which a 1. In general, to take or form letters, char- in the printing of books, pamphlets, &c.;
acters or figures on paper, cloth or other as distinguished from writing-paper, press-
thing proceeds; as the principle of mo-
tion; the principles of action. Dryden. material by impression. ‘Thus letters are paper, wrapping-paper, &c.
9, Element; constituent part; primordial taken on paper by impressing it on types PRINT’ING-PRESS, n. A press for the
blackened with ink. Figures are printed printing of books, &c.
substance. PRINT’LESS, a. That leaves no print or
Modem philosophers suppose matter to be on cloth by means of blocks or a cylinder.
one simple principle, or solid extension diversi- The rolling press is employed to take impression ; as priniless feet. Milton.
fied by its various shapes. Watts. prints on impressions from copper-plates. PRIOR, a. (L. comp. Probably the first syl-
3. Being that produces any thing; operative Thus we say, to print books, to print cali- lable is contracted from pris, prid, or some
co, to print tunes, music, likenesses, &c. other word, for the Latin has prisce, pris-
cause. tinus.|
The soul of man is an active principle. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on anoth-
Tillotson. er. Preceding in the order of time ; former ; an-
On his fiery steed betimes he rode, tecedent; anterior; as a prior discovery;
4. In science, a truth admitted either with- That scarcely prints the turf on which he prior obligation. The discovery of the
out proof, or considered as having been trod. Dryden. continent of America by Cabot was six or
before proved. In the former sense, it is 3. To impress any thing so as to leave its seven weeks prior to the discovery of it by
synonymous with axiom; in the latter, form. Columbus. The discovery of the Labra-
with the phrase, established principle. Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay— dor coast by Cabot was on the Ith of
5. Ground ; foundation ; that which sup- Roscommon. June, 1499; that of the continent by Co-
ports an assertion, an action, or a series 4. To form by impression. lumbus, was on the first of August of the
of actions or of reasoning. On what prin- Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh, same year.
ciple can this be affirmed or denied? He nor print any marks upon you. Ley. xix.
PRIOR, n. [Fr. prieur; It. priore; L.
justifies his proceedings on the principle PRINT, ». 7. To use or practice the art of prior. |
of expedience or necessity. He reasons typography, or of taking impressions of; 1. The superior of a convent of monks, or
on sound principles. letters, figures and the like. one next in dignity to an abbot. Priors
cS A general
3. truth; a law comprehending 2. To publish a book. [Elliptical.] are claustral or conventical. The convent-
many subordinate truths; as the principles From the moment he prints, he must expect ical are the same as abbots. <A claustral
of morality, of law, of government, &e. to hear no more oftruth. Pope. prior is one that governs the religious of
st . Tenet; that which is believed, whether PRINT, n. A mark made by impression ; an abbey or priory in commendam, having
truth or not, but which serves as a rule of any line, character, figure or indentation his jurisdiction wholly from the abbot.
action or the basis of a system; as the of any form, made by the pressure of one Encyc.
principles of the Stoies, or of the Epicu- body or thing on another ; as the print of| 2. In some churches, one who presides over
reans. the tooth or of the nails in flesh ; the print others in the same churches. Ayliffe.
co . A principle of human nature, is a law of of the foot in sand or snow; the print of) PRUORATE, n. Government by a prior.
action in human beings; a constitutional a wheel; the print of types on paper. Warton.
propensity common to the human species. Hence, PRIVORESS, n. A female superior of acon-
Thus it is a principle of human nature to 2. The impressions of types in general, as vent of nuns. Dryden.
resent injuries and repel insults. to form, size, &c.; asa small print; a PRIORITY, n. The state of being antece-
PRIN’‘CIPLE, v.t. To establish or fix in
large print; a fair print. dent in time, or of preceding something
tenets; to impress with any tenet, good 3. That which impresses its form on any else ; as priority of birth. The priority of
or ill ; chiefly used in the participle. thing ; as a butter print; a wooden print. Homer or Hesiod has been a subject of
Men have been principled with an opinion, 4, The representation or figure of any thing
that they must not consult reason in things of| dispute.
religion. made by impression; as the print of the
Locke. 2. Precedence in place or rank. Shak.
9, To establish firmly in the mind. face ; the print of a temple; prints of an-
— Locke. Priority of debts, is a superior claim to pay-
tiquities. Dryden. ment, or to payment before others.
PRIN‘CIPLED, pp. Established in opin-
ion or in tenets; firmly fixed in the mind. 5. The state of being printed and published. PRIVORLY, adv. Antecedently. [4 bad
PRIN’COCK, 2, (Qu. prink or prim and Diftidence sometimes prevents a man from word and not used.| Geddes.
PRIN/€OX, us cock.| A coxcomb; a suffering his works to appear in print. PRIORSHIP, n. The state or office of
conceited person ; a pert young rogue ; a I love a ballad in print. Shak. prior.
ludicrous word. [Little used.] Shak. 6. A single sheet printed for sale; a news- PRIORY. n. A convent of which a prior
PRINK, v. i. [D. pronken, to shine, to make paper. is the superior; in dignity below an abbey.
a show, to strut; G. prangen, to shine, to The prints, about three days after, were fill- Shak.
make ashow ; prunken, id.; Dan. prunker, ed with the same terms. Addison. 2. Priories are the churches given to priors
to make a show, to strut; Sw. prunka, 7. Formal method. [.Vot in use.] Locke. in titulum, or by way of title. Ayliffe.
to make a figure. If n is casual, these Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, PRUSAGE, n. [Fr. prise, from priser, to
words are radically the same as Sw. of a printed and published work, there are prize or value.]
prackt, Dan. D. pragt, G. pracht, pomp, no copies for sale, or none for sale by the A right belonging to the crown of England,
show, and all coinciding in origin with Ar. publisher. of taking two tons of wine from every
PRINT’ED, pp. Impressed ; indented. ship importing twenty tons or more; one
5 baraka, to shine, to adorn. See PRINTER, n. One that prints books, before and one behind the mast. This
bey pamphlets or papers. by charter of Edward I. was exchanged
Prance and Prank.| into a duty of two shillings for every tun
\. To prank ; to dress for show. 3. One that stains or prints cloth with fig-
ures, as calico. imported by merchant strangers, and call-
2. To strut; to put on stately airs. ed butlerage, because paid to the king’s
PRINT, v. t. [W. printiaw, to print; Fr. 3. One that impresses letters or figures with butler. Blackstone.
imprimer, empreinte ; Sp. imprimir ; It. im- copper-plates.
PRISCIL’LIANIST, n. In church history,
primere ; from L. imprimo ; in and premo, PRINTING, ppr. Impressing letters, char- one of a sect so denominated from Priscill-
to press ; It. improntare, to print, to im- acters or figures on any thing; making
marks or indentations. ian, a Spaniard, bishop of Avila, who
portune, and this from prontare, to impor- practiced magic, maintained the errors of
tune, pe is, to press,| from pronto, ready, PRINTING, n. The art or practice of im-| the Manichees, and held it to be lawful
bold, L. promptus, that is, pressed or press- pressing letters, characters or figures on
paper, cloth or other material; the busi- to make false oaths in the support of one’s
ing forward. In W. print is said by Ow- cause and interest. Encyc.
en to be from rhint, a groove or notch, ness of aprinter; typography.
 PRI PR tI PRI
PRISM, n. [Fr. prisme; Low L. Sp. It.4jPRIS/ONING, ppr. Confiningg; ; imprison- A private nusance or wrong, is one which at-
prisma; Gr. xpioua, from pus, te cut with ing. fects an individual. Blackstone.
a saw, to press or strain, Russ. pru.}. PRIS‘ONMENT, n. Confinement in a pris- In private, secretly ;not openly or publicly.
A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, on; imprisonment. Scripture.
equal and parallel plane figures, and [The latter is commonly used.] PRI'VATE, n. A secret message; particu-
whose sides are parallelograms. Shak. lar business. [Unusual.] Shak. B. Jonson.
D. Olmsted. PRIS’TINE, a. [L. pristinus. See Prior 2. A common soldier.
A prism of glass is one bounded by two and Pre.] PRIVATEE’R, x. [from private.] A ship
equal and parallel triangular ends and First; original; primitive; as the pristine or vessel of war owned and equipped by
three plain and well polished sides which state of innocence; the pristine manners a private man or by individuals, at their
meet in three parallel lines, running from of a people; the pristine constitution of own expense, to seize or plunder the ships
the three angles of one end to the three things. Newton. of an enemy in war. Such a ship must
angles of the other end. Newton. PRITH’EE, a corruption of pray thee, as I be licensed or commissioned by govern-
PRISMAT'Ie, Resembling a prism; prithee ;but itis generally used without the ment, or it is a pirate.
PRISMAT ICAL, ia asa prismatic form. pronoun, prithee. PRIVATEE’R, v. 7%. To cruise in a com-
2. Separated or distributed by a prism; PRI'VACY, n. [from private.] A state of missioned private ship against an enemy,
formed by a prism; as prismatic colors. being in retirement trom the company or for seizing their ships or annoying their
3. Pertaining to a prism. observation of others ; secrecy. commerce.
PRISMAT'ICALLY, adv. In the form or 2. A place of seclusion from company or ob- PRIVATELY, adv. In a secret manner;
manner ofa prism. Boyle. servation; retreat; solitude; retirement. not openly or publicly.
PRISMATOID/AL, a. [L. prisma and Gr. Her sacred privacies all open lie. Rowe. 2. In a manner affecting an individual or
el6os.] Having a prismatic form. Ure. 3. Privity. [Vot used.] [See Privity.] company. He is not privately benefited.
PRIS’‘MOID, n. [L. prisma. and Gr. «dos, Arbuthnot. PRIVATENESS, n. Secrecy; privacy.
form.] 4, Taciturnity. [ot used.] Ainsworth. Bacon.
A body that approaches to the form of a 5. Secrecy ; concealment of what is said or 2. Retirement; seclusion from company or
prism. Johnson. done. society. Wotton.
PRIS/MY, a. Pertaining to or like a prism. PRIVA’DO, n. [Sp.] A secret friend. [Vol 3. The state of an individual in the rank of
Am. Review. used. | Bacon. common citizens, or not invested with of-
PRISON, n. priz'n. [Fr. from pris, taken, |PRI'VATE, a. [L. privatus, from privo, to fice.
from prendre, to take, L. prendo; Sp. bereave, properly to strip or separate; PRIVA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. privatio, from
prision ; Arm. prisoun.] privus, singular, several, peculiar to one’s privo. See Private.)
1. Ina general sense, any place of confine- self, that is, separate; It. privare, Sp. pri- 1. The state of being deprived; particular-
ment or involuntary restraint; but ap- var, Fr. priver, to deprive. Privo is prob- ly, deprivation or absence of what is ne-
propriately, a public building for the con- ably from the root of bereave, Sax. bereaf- cessary for comfort. He endures his pri-
finement or safe custody of debtors and ian or gereafian, from reafian, to strip, to vations with wonderful fortitude.
criminals committed by process of law ; a spoil, iL rapio, diripio, eripio; privo for 2. The act of removing something possess-
jail. Originally, a prison, as Lord Coke perivo or berivo; W. rhaib, a snatching; ed; the removal or destruction of any
observes, was only a place of safe custo- rheibiaw, to snatch. See Rip, Reap and thing or quality. The garrison was com-
dy ; but it is now employed as a place of Strip.] pelled by privation to surrender.
punishment. We have state-prisons, for 1. Properly, separate; unconnected with For what is this contagious sin of kind
the confinement of criminals by way of| others ; hence, peculiar to one’s self; be- But a privation of that grace within?
punishment. longing to or concerning an individual Dawies.
2. Any place of confinement or restraint. only; as a man’s private opinion, business 3. Absence, in general. Darkness is a priva-
or concerns ; private property; the king’s tion oflight. Encye.
The tyrant olus,
With power imperial curbs the struggling private purse; a man’s private expenses. 4. The act of the mind in separating a thing
winds, Charge the money to my private account from something appendant. Johnson.
And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds. || in the company’s books. 5. The act of degrading from rank or office.
Dryden. 2. Peculiar to a number in a joint concern, Bacon.
3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted con- to a company or body politic ; as the pri- [But in this sense, deprivation is now
dition. Eccles. iv. vate interest ofa family, of a company or used. See Deprivation.|
4, The cave where David was confined. of a state; opposed to public, or to the PRIV’‘ATIVE, a. Causing privation.
Ps. exlii. general interest of nations. 2. Consisting in the absence of something ;
5. A state of spiritual bondage. Is. xlii. |3. Sequestered from company or observa- not positive. Privative is in things, what
PRIS/ON, v. t. To shut up in a prison; to tion; secret; secluded; as a private cell; negative is in propositions; as privative
confine ; to restrain from liberty. a private room or apartment; private blessings, safeguard, liberty and integrity.
2. To confine in any manner. Shak. prayer. Taylor.
3. To captivate ; to enchain. Milton. 4, Not publicly known; not open; as a pri- PRIV’/ATIVE, xn. That of which the es-
[This word is proper, but imprison is vate negotiation. sence is the absence of something. Black-
more commonly used. 5. Not invested with public office or employ- ness and darkness are privatives. | Bacon.
PRIS/ON-BASE, n. A kind of rural sports ; ment ; as a private man orcitizen ; private 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word which
commonly called prison-bars. Sandys. life. Shak. changes its signification and gives it a
A private person may arrest a felon. contrary sense, as a, in Greek; advxos, un-
PRIS/ONED, pp. Imprisoned; confined; Just; a and du; un and im in English,
restrained. Blackstone.
6. Individual; personal ; in contradistinction as unwise, inhuman. The word may also
PRIS/ONER, n. One who is confined in a from public or national; as private inter- be applied to suffixes, as less, in harmless.
prison by legal arrest or warrant. est. PRIV/ATIVELY, adv. By the absence of
2. A person under arrest or in custody of| Private way, in law, is a way or passage in something.
the sherif, whether in prison or not; as which a man has an interest and right, 2. Negatively.
a prisoner at the bar ofa court. though the ground may belong to another The duty of the new covenant is set down
3. A captive; one taken by an enemy in person. In common language, a private first privatively. [Unusual.] Hammond.
war. way may be a secret way, one not known PRIV’/ATIVENESS, x. Notation ofthe ab-
4. One whose liberty is restrained, as a bird or public. sence of something. [Little used.]
in a cage. A private act or statute, is one which ope- PRIV/ET, x. A plant of the genus Ligus-
PRIS'ON-HOUSE, n. A house in which rates on an individual or company only; trum. The evergreen privet is of the genus
prisoners are confined; a jail. Judges opposed to a general law, which operates Rhamnus. Mock privet is of the genus
XVi. Shak. on the whole community. Phillyrea. Fam. of Plants,
 PRI PAEnt Pro
PRIVILEGE, n. [Fr. from L. privilegium; 3. Privities, in the plural, secret parts; the} war; any species of goods or property
privus, separate, private, and lex, law : parts which modesty requires to be cou- seized by force as spoil or plunder; or
originally a private law, some public act cealed. that which is taken in combat, particularly
that regarded an individual. PRIV’Y, a. [Fr. privé; L. privus. See a ship. Pri-
A privateer takes an enemy's
1. A particular and peculiar benefit or ad- vate.| ship as a prize. They make prize of all
vantage enjoyed by a person, company or 1. Private; pertaining to some person ex- the property of the enemy.
society, beyond the common advantages) clusively ;assigned to private uses; not 2. That which is taken from another; that
of other citizens. A privilege may be a public ; as the privy purse ; the privy cof- which is deemed a valuable acquisition.
particular right granted by law or held by fer of a king. 1% Blackstone. Then prostrate falls, and begs with ardent
custom, or it may be an exemption from 2. Secret; clandestine ; not open or public; eyes,
some burden to which others are subject. as a privy attempt to kill one. Soon to obtain and long possess the prize.
The nobles of Great Britain have the 3. Private ;appropriated to retirement; not Pope.
privilege of being triable by their peers shown; not open for the admission of| 3. That which is obtained or offered as the
only. Members of parliament and ofour company ; as a privychamber. Ezek. xxi. reward of contest.
legislatures have the privilege of exemp- 4. Privately knowing; admitted to the par- —I will never wrestle for prize. Shak.
tion from arrests in certain cases. The ticipation of knowledge with another ofa I fought and conquer’d, yet have lost the
powers of a banking company are privi- secret transaction. prize. Dryden.
leges granted by the legislature. He would rather lose half of his kingdom 4. The reward gained by any performance.
He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. than be privy to such a secret. Swift. Dryden.
Kettlewell.|| Myself am one made privy to the plot. 5. In colloquial language, any valuable thing
The privilege of birthright was a double Shak. gained.
portion. Locke. His wife also being privy to it. Acts v. 6. The money
drawn by a lottery ticket;
2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage, right or}, 5. Admitted to secrets of state. The privy) opposed to blank.
immunity, not common to others of the
council of a king consists of a number of] PRIZE, v. t. (Fr. priser, from priz, price, L.
human race. Thus we speak of national pretium ; It. apprezzare ; Fr. upprecier.
distinguished persons selected by him to
privileges, and civil and political privileges, English analogy requires that the com-
advise him in the administration of the
which we enjoy above other nations. We pound should be conformed to the orthog-
government. Blackstone.
have ecclesiastical and religious privileges raphy of this word, and written apprize.]
A privy verdict, is one given to the judge out
secured to us by our constitutions of gov- 1. To set or estimate the value of; to rate;
of court, which is of no force unless after-
ernment. Personal privileges are attached as, to prize the goods specified in an in-
ward affirmed by a public verdict in court.
to the person; as those of embassadors, voice.
peers, members oflegislatures, &c. Real Blackstone.
privileges are attached to place; as the PRIV’Y, n. In law, a partaker; a person
Life I prize not a straw. Shak.
privileges of the king’s palace in England. having an interest in any action or thing; 2. To value highly; to estimate to be of
3. Advantage ; favor; benefit.
as a privy in blood. Privies are of four great worth ; to esteem.
A nation despicable by its weakness, forfeits kinds; privies in blood, as the heir to his I prize your person, but your crown disdain.
even the privilege of being neutral. father; privies in representation, as exe- Dryden.
Federalist, Hamilton. cutors and administrators to the deceased; PRIZED, pp. Rated ; valued; esteemed.
Writ of privilege, is a writ to deliver a privies in estate, as he in reversion and PRIZE-FIGHTER, n. One that fights pub-
privileged person from custody when ar- he in remainder; donor and donee; lessor licly for a reward. Pope.
rested in a civil suit. Blackstone. and lessee ; privy in tenure, as the lord in PRIZER, n. One that estimates or sets the
PRIVILEGE, v. t. To grant some particu- escheat. Encye. value ofa thing. Shak.
lar right or exemption to; to invest with 2. A necessary house. PRI’ZING, ppr. Rating ; valuing ;esteem-
a peculiar right or immunity ; as, to privi- Privy chamber, in Great Britain, the private ing.
lege representatives from arrest ; to privi- apartment in a royal residence or man- PRO, a Latin and Greek preposition, signify-
lege the officers and students of a college sion. Gentlemen of the privy chamber are ing for, before, forth, is probably contracted
from military duty. servants of the king, who are to wait and from prod, coinciding with It. proda, a
2. Toexempt from censure or danger. attend on him and the queen at court, in prow, prode, brave; having the primary
This place doth privilege me. Daniel. their diversions, &c. They are forty sense of moving forward. See Prodigal.
PRIV’ILEGED, pp. Invested with a privi- eight in number, under the lord cham- In the phrase, pro and con, that is, pro and
lege; enjoying a peculiar right or immu- berlain. Encye. contra, it answers to the English for ;for
nity. The clergy in Great Britain were PRIVY-COUN’SELOR, n. A member of and against. Prior.
formerly a privileged body of men. No the privy council. In composition, pro denotes fore, forth, for-
person is privileged from arrest for indicta- Privy-counselors are made by the king’s ward.
ble crimes. nomination without patent or grant. PRO’A, n. Flying proa, a vessel used in the
PRIV/ILEGING, ppr. Investing with a pe- Bilackstone.| south seas, with the head and stern ex-
culiar right or immunity. PRIV‘/Y-SEAL, In England, the actly alike, but with the sides differently
PRIV'ILY, adv. [from privy.] Privately ; PRIVY-SIG/NET, “seal which the formed. That which is intended for the
secretly. king uses previously in grants, &c. which lee side is flat, the other rounding. To
—False teachers among you, who shall privily are to pass the great seal, or which he prevent oversetting, the vessel is furnished
bring in damnable heresies. 2 Pet. ii. uses in matters of subordinate conse- with a frame extended from the wind-
PRIVITY, n. [Fr. privauté. See Private quence, which do not require the great ward side, called an out rigger. Encyc.
and Privy.] Privacy; secrecy; confi- seal. PROBABILITY, n. (Fr. probabilité ; L.
dence. 2. Privy-seal, is used elliptically for the prin- probabilitas. See Probable.}
I will to you, in privity, discover the drift of cipal secretary of state, or person entrust- 1. Likelihood ; appearance of truth ; that
my purpose. [Little used.} Spenser. ed with the privy-seal. state of a case or question of fact which
2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with The king’s sign manual is the warrant to the results from superior evidence or prepon-
another ofa private concern, which is of- privy-seal, who makes out a writ or warrant deration of argument on one side, inclin-
ten supposed to imply consent or concur- thereon to the chancery. The sign manual is ing the mind to receive it as the truth, but
rence. the warrant to the privy-seal, and the privy- leaving some room for doubt. It there-
All the doors were laid open for his depart- seal is the warrant to the great seal.
ure, not without the privity of the prince of Or- Blackstone.
fore falls short of moral certainty, but pro-
ange. Swift. PRIZE, n. [Fr. prise, from pris, taken ; Sp. duces what is called opinion.
Probability is the appearance of the agree-
dut it is usual to say, “a thing is done Port. presa ; G. preis; D. prys; Dan. ment or disagreement of two ideas, by the in-
with his privity and consent;” in which priis ;Sw. pris. See Praise and Price.] tervention of proofs whose connection is not
phrase, privity signifies merely private Literally, that which is taken; hence, constant, but appears for the most part to be so.
knowledge. 1. That which is taken from an enemy in Locke.
 PRO PRO PRO
Demonstration produces science or certain| 6. In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory|\1. In logic, a proposition that appears nei-
knowledge ; proof produces belief, and proba- evidence, or the time of trial. ther absolutely true nor false, and conse-
bility opinion. Encyc- PROBA/TIONAL, a. Serving for trial. quently may be asserted either in the af-
2. Any thing that has the appearance 0 Bp. Richardson. firmative or negative.
reality or uth. In this sense, the word PROBA'TIONARY, a. Serving for trial. 2. In geometry, a proposition in which some
admits of the plural number. é All the probationary work of man is ended operation or construction is required, as
The whole life of man is a perpetual compari- when death arrives. Dwight.|| to divide a line or an angle, to let fall a
son of evidence and balancing of probabilities. PROBA‘TIONER, n. One who is on trial, perpendicular, &c. Encye.
Buckminster. or in a state to give proof of certain quali- 3. In general, any question involving doubt
PROB‘ABLE, a. [Fr. from L. probabilis, fications for a place or state. | or uncertainty, and requiring some opera-
from probo, to prove. See Prove.| While yet a young probationer, tion, experiment or further evidence for
1, Likely; having more evidence than the And candidate for heaven. . Dryden. its solution.
contrary, or evidence which inclines the 2. A novice. Decay of Piety. The problem is, whether a strong and con-
mind to belief, but leaves some room for 3. In Scotland, a student in divinity, who, stant belief that a thing will be, helps any thing
doubt. , producing a certificate of a professor in to the effecting of the thing. Bacon.
That is accounted probable, which has better
arguments producible for it than can be brought
an university of his good morals and qual- PROBLEMAT’ICAL, a. Questionable ;
against it. South. ifications, is admitted to several trials, and uncertain ; unsettled ; disputable ; doubt-
Ido not say that the principles of religion on acquitting himself well, is licensed to ful.
are merely probable; | have before asserted preach. Encye. Diligent inquiries into problematical guilt,
them to be morally certain. Wilkins. PROBA’TIONERSHIP, n. The state of) leave a gate wide open to informers. Swift.
2, That renders something probable ; as being a probationer ; novitiate. [Luttle PROBLEMAT‘ICALLY, adv. Doubtfully :
used. |
probable evidence, or probable presumption. Locke. dubiously ; uncertainly.
Blackstone. PROBA‘TIONSHIP, n. A state of proba-| PROB/LEMATIZE, v. t. To propose prob-
3. That may be proved. [Not in use.] tion ; novitiate ; probation. [Latile wsed lems. [Ill formed and not used.]
Milton. and wnnecessary.| i B. Jonson.
PROB/ABLY, adv. Likely ; in likelinood ; PRO'BATIVE, a. Serving for trial or proof. PROBOS’CIS, n. [L. from the Gr. mposoc-
with the appearance of truth or reality ; South.|| xs; po, before, and Bocxw, to feed or
as, the story is probably true; the account PROBA’TOR, n. [L.] An examiner ; an graze.|
is probably correct. approver. Maydman. 'The snout or trunk of an elephant and of
Distinguish between what may possibly, and 2. In law, an accuser. Cowel.|| | other animals, particularly
what will probably be done. L’ Estrange. |
of insects.
PRO'BANG, n. [See Probe.] In surgery, PRO'BATORY, a. Serving for trial. The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible
an instruinent of whalebone and spunge, Bramhall. muscular pipe or canal of about 8 feet in
for removing obstructions in the throat or 2. Serving for proof. Bp. Taylor. length, and is properly the extension of
esophagus. Coxe. 3. Relating to proof. Quintilian, Trans.| the nose. This is the instrument with
A flexible piece of whalebone, with Probatum est, [L. it is proved,] an expres-| which he takes food and carries it to his
spunge fixed to the end. Parr. sion subjoined to a receipt for the cure of) mouth. The proboscis of insects is used
PRO’BATE, n. [L. probatus, probo, to prove.] a disease, denoting that it has been tried to suck blood from animals, or juice from
or proved. plants.
J. The probate of a will or testament is the
proving ofits genuineness and validity, or PROBE, n. [from L. probo ; Fr. eprowvette, P ROCA‘CIOUS, a. [L. procax : pro, for-
the exhibition of the will to the proper a probe; G. probe, proof; Russ. probivayu,| ward, and perhaps the root of It. cacciare,
officer, with the witnesses if necessary, to pierce. The primary sense is to thrust, Sp. cazar, to chase, that is, to push for-
and the process of determining its validity, to drive, from straining, exertion of force.]), ward.] Pert; petulant; saucy. [Zittle
and the registry ofit, and such other pro- A surgeon’s instrument for examining the) used. ] Barrow.
ecedings as the laws prescribe, as prelim- depth or other circumstances of a wound, PROCAC'ITY, n. [L. procacitas.] Impu-
2 R = 3 |
inary to the execution of it by the execu-|| ulcer or cavity, or the direction ofa sinus,), dence ; petulance. [Lattle used.]
tor. or for searching for stones in the bladder), Burton.
2, The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. and the like. Encyc. Parr.| PROCATARE'TIE, a. (Gr. xpoxarapxrexos ;
In England, the spiritual court has the (PROBE, v. t. To examine a wound, ulcer po, xara aud apyw, to begin.]
probate of wills) In the United States,| | or some cavity of the body, by the use of) In medicine, pre-existing or predisposing;
the probate of wills belongs to a court of] an instrument thrust into the part. remote ; as procatarctic causes of a dis-
civil jurisdiction established by law, usu- South. ease, in distinction from ztmmediate or ex-
ally to a single judge, called a judge of, 2. To search to the bottom; to scrutinize; citing causes. Thus heat may be the
probate, or a surrogate. to examine thoroughly into causes and) procatarctic, and extreme fatigue the im-
P
3. Proof. [Not used.| Skelton. circumstances, mediate or exciting cause ofa fever.
PROBA'TION, n. [L. probatio.] The act! PRO‘BE-SCISSORS, n. Scissors used to ROCATARX TIS, n. (Gr. supra.] The
of proving ; proof. Wilkins. Locke.|| open wounds, the blade of which, to be predisposing cause of adisease. Quincy.
2. Trial; examination; any proceeding de-| thrust into the orifice, has a button at the) PROCE’DURE, n. [Fr. See Proceed.] The
signed to ascertain truth; in universities,)) end. Wiseman.\| act of proceeding or moving forward ;
the examination of a student, as to his) PROB'ITY, n. [L. probitas, from probo, to progress ; process ; operation ; series of
qualifications for a degree. prove ; It. probita; Fr. probité.] actions; as the procedure of the soul in
3. Ina monastic sense, trial or the year of|Primarily, tried virtue or integrity, or ap-) certain actions. But it is more generally
novitiate, which a person must pass in a) proved actions; but in general, strict hon-| applied to persons; as, this is a strange
convent, to prove his virtue and _his abili-| esty ; sincerity ; veracity ; integrity in| procedure in a public body. The motions
ty to bear the severities ofthe rule. principle, or strict conformity of actions of physical causes are more generally de-
: Encye. to the laws ofjustice. Prohity of mind or nominated operations.
4, Moral trial; the state of man in the pres- principle is best evinced by probity of 2.~ Manner of proceeding ; management ;
ent life, in which he has the opportunity conduct in social dealings, particalarly inj conduct. South.
of proving his character and being quali- adhering to strict integrity in the observ- 3. That which proceeds from something;
fied for a happier state. anee and performance of rights called produce. [.Vot in use.] Bacon.
Probation will end with the present life. imperfect, which public laws do not reach PROCE DE ate [Fr. Sp. Port. proceder;
J ; ‘ Nelson.|| and cannot enforce. (PROCE’DE, rage fa procedere ; from L.
5. In America, the trial of a clergyman’s PROB’LEM, n. [Fr. probleme ; L. It. Sp. procedo ; pro, forward, and cedo, to move.
qualifications as a minister of the gospel,| problema ; Gr. xpo6anua, from mpobarre, to The more correct orthography is procede,
preparatory to his settlement. We say, a throw forward; apo and Baaarw, to throw, in analogy with precede, concede, recede,
man is preaching on probation. L. pello.| A question proposed. procedure. |
 PRO PRO PRO

i. To move, pass or go forward from one \PROCELEUSMAT'I€, a. [Gr. poxenevo- An antedating ; the dating ofan event before
warixos; apo and xedevoua, mandate, in- the tine it happened; hence, an error in
place to another ; applied to persons or chronology. Gregory.
things. A man proceeds on his journey; citement. } This PRO/CIDENCE, n. [L. procidentia ; procido,
a ship proceeds on her voyage. Inciting ; animating ; encouraging.
epithet is given to a metrical foot in poetry, to fall down.] ;
This word thus used implies that the A falling down; a prolapsus; as of the in-
motion, journey or voyage had been pre- consisting of four short syllables.
Johnson. testinum rectum. Core. Parr.
viously commenced, and to proceed is then PROCID'UOUS, a. That falls from its place.
to renew or continue the motion or pro- PROCEP’TION, x. Preoccupation. — [Ill Jones.
gress. formed and not in use. K. Charles.
PROCINET,, x. [L. procinctus ; procingo, to
2. To pass from one point, stage or topic to PROCER ITY, n. [L. proceritas, from pro- prepare, that is, to gird.]
another. The preacher proceeds from one cerus, tall.] Tallness; highth of stature. Complete preparation for action, [Little
division of his subject, and the advocate [Little used.] Addison. used. | Milton.
from one argument, to another. PROC’ESS, xn. [Fr. proces; L. processus, PROELA‘IM, v. ft. [L. proclamo; pro and
3. To issue or come as from a source or from procedo. See Proceed.] clamo, to cry out. See Claim.)
fountain. Light proceeds from the sun ; 1. A proceeding or moving forward ; pro- 1. To promulgate ; to announce ; to publish;
vice proceeds from a depraved heart; vir- gressive course ; tendency ; as the process as, to proclaim a fast; to proclaim a feast.
tuous affections proceed from God. of man’s desire. Hooker. Ley. xxiii. 1 Kings xxi.
4. To come from a person or place. Christ 2. Proceedings; gradual progress; course ; He hath sent me to proclaim liberty to the
says, “1 proceeded forth and came from as the process of a war. Dryden. captives. Is. xi.
God.” John viii. 3. Operations ; experiment ; series of ac- 2. To denounce; to give official notice of.
5. To prosecute any design. tions or experiments; as a chimical pro- Heralds were formerly employed to pro-
He that proceeds on other principles in his cess. claim war.
inquiry into any sciences, posts himself in a 4. Series of motions or changes in growth,||: 3. To declare with honor; as, to proclaim
party. Locke. decay, &c. in physical bodies ; as the the name of the Lord, that is, to declare
6. To be transacted or carried on. process of vegetation or of mineralization; his perfections. Ex. xxxiil.
He will, after his sour fashion, tell you, the process of decomposition. 4. To utter openly; to make public. Some
What hath proceeded worthy note to-day. 5. Course ; continual flux or passage; as profligate wretches openly proclaim their
[Wot now in use.] Shak. the process of time. Milton. Boyle. atheism.
7. To make progress ; to advance. 6. Methodical management; series of meas- Most men will proclaim every one his own
Milton. goodness. Prov. xx.
ures or proceedings.
8. To begin and carry on a series of actions The process of the great day—is described by 5. To outlaw by public denunciation.
or measures. The attorney was at a loss our Savior. Nelson. I heard myself proclaimed. Shak.
in what manner to proceed against the of- PRO€LA‘IMED, pp. Published officially;
7. Inlaw, the whole course ofproceedings, in promulgated ; made publicly known.
fender. In this sense, the word is often a cause, real or personal, civil or erimi- PRO€LA’/IMER, x. One who publishes by
followed by against.
9, To transact ; to act; to carry on method- nal, from the original writ to the end of authority; one that announces or makes
the suit. Original process is the means publicly known. Milton.
ically. taken to compel the defendant to appear PROE€LA‘IMING, ppr. Publishing official-
From them I will not hide
My judgments, how with mankind I proceed. in court. Mesne process is that which is- ly; denouncing; promulgating ; making
Milton. sues, pending the suit, upon some collate- publicly known,
10. To have a course. ral or interlocutory matter. F¥nal process PRO€LAMA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. procla-
This rule only proceeds and takes place, when is the process of execution. Blackstone. matio, from proclamo.
a person cannot of common law condemn an- 8. In anatomy, any protuberance, eminence 1. Pablication by authority ; official notice
other by his sentence. Ayliffe-|| or projecting part of a bone. given to the public.
Encyc. Coxe.
11. To issue; to be produced or propagated. King Asa made a proclamation throughout
From my loins thou shalt proceed. _Milton.|| PROCES'SION, n. [Fr. from L, processio. all Judah. 1 Kings xy.
12. To be produced by an effectual cause. See Proceed.| 2. In England, a declaration of the king’s
All created things proceed from God. 1. The act of proceeding or issuing. will, openly published.
Milton. Pearson. Proclamations are a branch of the king’s
PROCEE’DER, n. One who goes forward, 2. A train of persons walking, or riding on prerogative, and are binding on the subject.
or who makes a progress. Bacon. horseback or in vehicles, in a formal Encye.
PROCEE/DING, ppr. Moving forward 3) march, or moving with ceremonious so- 3. The declaration of any supreme magis-
passing on; issuing; transacting ; carry- lemnity ; as a procession of clergy and peo- trate publicly made known; as the procla-
ing on. ple in the Romish church; a triumphal mation of the governor appointing a day
PROCEE’/DING, n. Process or movement procession ; a funeral procession. of thanksgiving.
from one thing to another; a measure or Him all his train 4, The paper containing an official notice to
step taken in business; transaction ; in Follow’d in bright procession. Milton. a people. The sherif receives and_dis-
the plural, a course of measures or con- PROCES’SIONAL, a. Pertaining to a pro- tributes the governor’s proclamations.
duct; course of dealing with others. We cession; consisting in a procession. New England.
speak of a legal or an illegal proceeding, a Saurin, Trans. PROCLI'VE, a. Proclivous. [Vol used.]
cautious proceeding, a violent proceeding. PROCES’SIONAL, ». A book relating to PROCLIV'ITY, n. [L. proclivitas, proclivis;
in the plural, the proceedings of the legisla- processions of the Romish church. pro and clivus, a cliff.)
ture have been wise and salutary. It is Gregory. 1. Inclination; propensity ; proneness ; ten-
our duty to acquiesce cheerfully in all PROCES’SIONARY, a. Consistingin pro- dency.
God’s proceedings towards us. The sensitive appetite may engender a pro-
cession; as processionary service. clivity to steal, but not a necessity to steal.
2, In law, the course of steps or measures in Hooker. Bp. Hall.
the prosecution of an action is denomina-
PROGHENN, a. pro’shen. [Fr. prochain; L. 2. Readiness: facility of learning.
ted proceedings. [See Process.] He had such a dextrous proclivity, that his
PROCEE’DS, x. plu. Issue ; rent; pro-
proximus. j
Next; nearest ; used in the law phrase, pro- teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness.
duce; as the proceeds of an estate. Wotton.
chein amy, the next friend, any person who
2. In commerce, the sum, amount or value of
goods sold or converted into money. The undertakes to assist an infant or minor in PROELIVOUS, a. [L. proclivus, proclivis,
prosecuting his rights. Blackstone. | supra.]
consignee was directed to sell the cargo |Inclined ; tending by nature. Dict.
and vest the proceeds in coffee. The pro- PRO/CHRONISM, n. [Gr. xpoxpoven, to
ceeds of the goods sold amounted to little preeede in time; 7p, before, and xzpoves, ||PROCON’SUL, n. [L. pro, for, and consul.|
time. | * A Roman magistrate sent to govern &
more than the prime cost and charges.
 PRO PRO PERLO
2. Causing to come or to be done.
province with consular authority: The|PROCUM'BENT, a. [L. procumbens, pro- 3. a. That causes to come; bringing on.
cumbo ; pro and cubo, to lie down.] Lying
proconsuls were appointed from the body down or on the face ; prone. Sin is the procuring cause of all our woes.
of the senate, and their authority expired
2. In botany, trailing ; prostrate ; unable to PRODIGAL, a. [Fr. prodigue; Sp. It.
at the end of a year from their appoint- support itself, and therefore lying on the prodigo; from L. prodigus, trom prodigo,
ment. Encye.
ground, but without putting forth roots; to drive forth, to lavish. The last com-
PROCON’SULAR, a. Pertaining to a pro- as a procumbent stem. Martyn. ponent part of the word is ago, to drive;
consul; as proconsular powers.
as PROCU’RABLE, a. [from procure.| That the first I suppose to be prod, the original
2. Under the government ofa proconsul; may be procured ; obtainable. Boyle. word, afterward contracted to pro. See
a proconsular province. if
PRO/GURACY, n. [from L. procuro.| The Pro. The Welsh bradyn, a prodigal, if
PROCON’SULSHIP, x. The office of a f pro- management of any thing. [/Vot used.] from the Latin, is doubtless of the same
consul, or the term of his office.
; PROCURA’TION, n. [L. procuratio. See origin; but Owen deduces this from brad,
PROCRASTINATE, v. t. [L. procrastinor Procure.] a breaking, treachery, treason, and this
nrO @ ud crastinus ; cras, to-morrow.]
1. The act of procuring. [Procurement is coincides with Dan. bryder, to break. See
To put off from day to day ; to delay ; to de- generally used. Brittle.|
fer to a future time; as, to procrastinate 2. The management of another’s affairs. . Given to extravagant expenditures ; ex-
repentance. 3. The instrument by which a person is em-
to be pending money or other things without
PROCRASTINATE, v. i. To delay; powered to transact the affairs of another.
dilatory. necessity ; profuse ; lavish; wasteful; not
I procrastinate more than I did twenty years Encye. frugal or economical; as a prodigal man ;
ago. Swift. ‘4, A sum of money paid to the bishop or the prodigal son. A man may be prodigal
PROCRAS'TINATED, pp: Delayed; de- archdeacon by incumbents, on account of of his strength, of his health, of his life
ferred. visitations ; called also proxy. Todd. or blood, as well as of his money.
PROCRAS'TINATING, ppr. Delaying ; PROC'URATOR, n. The manager of an- 2. Profuse ; lavish; expended to excess or
putting offto a future time. other’s affairs. [See Proctor.] without necessity ; as prodigal expenses.
PROCRASTINA’TION, n. [L. procrastina- Shak. Taylor. 3. Very liberal; profuse. Nature is prodi-
tio.| PROCURATO'RIAL, a. Pertaining to a) gal of her bounties.
A putting off to a future time ; delay ; dila- procurator or proctor; made by a proctor. PRODIGAL, n. One that expends money
toriness. Ayliffe. extravagantly or without necessity ;one
PROCRAS’TINATOR, n. One that defers PROCGURA’‘TORSHIP, x. The office of al that is profuse or lavish; a waster; a
the performance of any thing to a future procurator. Pearson. spendthrift. Dryden.
time. PROCU/RATORY, a. Tending to procura-
PRODIGALITY, n. [Fr. prodigalité ; It.
PRO/€REANT, a. [L. procreans. See Pro- tion. prodigalita ; Sp. prodigalidad.]
creale.] PROCU'RE, v. t. [Fr. procurer; It. procu-
Generating ;producing ; productive ;_fruit- rare; Sp. procurar; L. procuro; pro and 1. Extravagance in the expenditure of what
one possesses, particularly of money ; pro-
ful. Shak. curo, to take care. But the French only
fusion ; waste ; excessive liberality. [1 is
PRO/CREATE, v. t. [L. procreo; pro and has the sense of the English word. In
the sense of manage, it is never used.}
opposed to frugality, economy, and parst-
creo, to create.] mony.
1. To beget; to generate and produce; to _ . To get; to gain; to obtain; as by re- By the Roman law a man of notorious prodi-
engender ; used properly of animals. quest, loan, effort, labor or purchase. We gality was treated as non compos. Encye.
Bentley. procure favors by request; we procure The most severe censor cannot but be pleas-
2. To produce ; used of plants, but hardly al- money by borrowing ; we procure food by ed with the prodigality of his wit. Dryden.
lowable. Blackmore.|| cultivating the earth ; offices are procured 2. Profuse liberality.
PRO/CREATED, pp. Begotten ; generated. by solicitation or favor; we procure utles) PROD IGALIZE, v.i. To be extravagant
PRO’/CREATING, ppr. Begetting; gene- | to estate by purchase. It is used of things in expenditures. [.Vot used.] Sherwood.
rating 3as young. | of temporary possession more generally PROD/IGALLY, adv. With profusion of
PROEREA’TION, xn. [Fr. from L. procrea-| | than acquire. We do not say, we acquired expenses ; extravagantly ; lavishly ; waste-
tio.] favor, we acquired money by borrowing, fully ; as an estate prodigally dissipated.
The act of begetting ;generation and pro-|, but we procured. 2. With liberal abundance; profusely.
duction of young. South.|| . To persuade ; to prevail on. Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows,
PRO‘CREATIVE, a. Generative ; having What unaccustom’d cause procures her hith- Our paths with flow’rs she prodigally strows.
the power to beget. Hale. er?) [Unusual.] Shak. Dryden.
PRO/CREATIVENESS, x. The power of}:Co. To cause; to bring about; to effect; to, PRODIG/IOUS, a. [Sp. It. prodigioso; Fr.
generating. Decay of Piety.|| contrive and effect. prodigicux ; L. prodigiosus. See Prodigy.]
Proceed, Salinus, to procure my fall. 1. Very great; huge; enormous in size,
PRO/CREATOR, n. One that begets; a Shak.
generator ; a father or sire. quantity, extent, &c.; as a mountain of
. To cause to come on; to bring on.
PROCTOR, n. [contracted from L. pro- We no other pains endure prodigious size or altitude; a prodigious
curator, from procuro; pro and curo.] Than those that we ourselves procure. mass or quantity of water; an ocean or
J. In a general sense, one who is employed Dryden. plain of prodigious extent. Hence,
to manage the affairs of another. 5. To draw to; to attract; to gain. Mod-| 2. Wonderful; astonishing; such as may
Hooker. esty procures love and respect. seem a prodigy ; monstrous ; portentous.
2. Appropriately, a person employed to man- | PROCU’RE, v. i. To pimp. Dryden.| It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear
age another’s cause in a court of civil or) |/PROCU/RED, pp. Obtained ; caused to be sky. Brown.
ecclesiastical law, as in the eourt of admi- done ; effected; brought on. Prodigious to relate. Dryden.
ralty, or in a spiritual court. Swift. iPROCU/REMENT, n. The act of procuring PRODIG/IOUSLY, adv. Enormously ;
3. The magistrate of a university. or obtaining; obtainment. wonderfully ; astonishingly ; as a number
Walter. 2. A causing to be effected. prodigiously great. Ray.
PROCTOR, v.i. To manage ; a cant word. They think it done 2. Very much; extremely ; tn familiar lan-
Shak. By her procurement. Dryden. guage. He was prodigiously pleased.
PROC’TORAGE, n. Management; in con- PRO€U/RER. n. One that procures or ob- PRODIG/IOUSNESS, n. Enormousness of
tempt. Milton. tains; that which brings on or causes to size; the state of having qualities that ex-
PROCTOR'ICAL, a. Belonging to the ac- be done. Walton. cite wonder or astonishment. Hall.
ademical proctor ; magisterial. 2. A pimp; a pander. South. PRODIGY, xn. [L. prodigium, from prodigo,
Prideaur.
| PRO€’TORSHIP, n. The office or dignity \PROCU’RESS, n. A bawd. Spectator. to shoot out, drive out, properly to spread
of the proctor of a university. PROCURING, ppr. Getting; gaining; ob- to a great extent.]
Clarendon. taining. 1. Any thing out of the ordinary process of
 PRO PRO PRO
nature, and so extraordinary as to exciig PRODU'CED, pp. Brought into life, being to exist; efficient; as an age productive of
wonder or astonishment ; as a prodigy 0 or view; yielded. great men; a spirit productive of heroic
learning. Spectator. PRODU’/CEMENT, n. Production. [Vot achievments.
2. Something extraordinary from which used. | Milton. This is turning nobility into a principle of vir-
omens are drawn; portent. Thus eclips- PRODU/CENT, n. One that exhibits or of- tue, and making it productive of merit.
es and meteors were anciently deemed fers to view or notice. [/Vot much used. Spectator.
Ayliffe. And kindle with thy own productive fire.
prodigies. Dryden.
3. A monster; an animal or other produc- PRODU‘CER, n. One that generates ; one PRODUC'TIVENESS, n. The quality of
tion out of the ordinary course of nature. that produces. Locke. Suckling.
being productive ; as the productiveness of
B. Jonson. PRODUCIBIL‘ITY, n. The power of’ pro- land or labor.
PRODI’TION, n. [L. proditio, from prodo, ducing. [Vot used.] Barrow.
PRO’EM, n. [Fr. proeme; It. Sp. proemio ;
to betray ;supposed to be compounded of PRODU'CIBLE, a. [It. producibile, produt- L. premium; Gr. xpoomuoy; xpo, before,
pro and do, to give. But in W. bradu is to tibile.] and ocuy, ormos, way. |
betray.] 1. That may be brought into being; that
Treachery ; treason. ; Ainsworth. may be generated or made; as producible Preface ; introduction ; preliminary observa-
salts. Boyle. tions to a book or writing.
PROD‘ITOR, n. [L.] A traitor. [Not in Swift. Milton.
use. Shak. i2. That may be brought into view or notice ;
PRODITO'RIOUS, a. Treacherous; per- that may be exhibited. Hammond. \PRO’EM, v. t. To preface. [Not used.}
South.
fidious ; traitorous. [.Vot in use.] PRODU’CIBLENESS, n. The state or qual-
Daniel. ity of being producible ; as the producible- PROE'MIAL, a. Introductory; prefatory;
ness of salts. Boyle. preliminary. Hammond. Johnson.
2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. PROEMP’TOSIS, n. [Gr. from xpocuacnza,
Not in use.] Wotton. PRODUCING, ppr. Generating ; bringing to fall before.]
PROD/ITORY, a. Treacherous ; perfidious. into existence or notice.
‘In chronology, the lunar equation or addition
Milton. PRODUCT, n. [L. productus, from produco; of a day, necessary to prevent the new
PRO’DROME, n. [Gr. mpodpomos; apo and Fr. produit.]
tpexa, to run.| 1. That which is produced by nature, as) moon from happening a day too soon.
fruits, grain, metals; as the product of] Cyc.
A forerunner. [.Vot in use.] Coles. PROFANA’TION, 2. [Fr.; It. profanazi-
PRODU'CE, v. #. [L. produco; pro and land ; the products of the season.
one; Sp. profanacion; from L. profano.
duco, to lead or draw; Sax. teogan, teon, 2. That which is formed or produced by la- See Profane.
to tug; It. producere, produrre ; Sp. produ- bor or by mental application; as the
cir; Fr. produire.] products of manufactures, of commerce or 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of
of art; the products of great and wise treating them with contempt or irrever-
. To bring forward; to bring or offer to ence ; as the profanation of the sabbath
view or notice ; as, to produce a witness or men. In the latter sense, production is
now generally used. by sports, amusements or unnecessary la-
evidence in court. bor ; the profanation of a sanctuary; the
Produce your cause. Is. xli. In general, products comprehends what-
ever is produced or made; as when we profanation of the name of God by swear-
wo. To exhibit to the public. ing, jesting, &c.
Your parents did not produce you much into speak of the products of a country ex-
ported. 2. The act of treating with abuse or disre-
the world. Swift. spect.
. To bring forth ; to bear; as plants or the The product of the impost and excise.
Belknap, V. Hamp. ’Twere profanation of our joys
soil. Trees produce fruit; the earth pro- To tell the laity our love. Donne,
duces trees and grass; wheat produces an) 3. Effect; result; something consequental. PROFA'NE, a. [L. profunus ;pro and fa-
abundance of food. These are the product
Of those ill mated marriages. Milton. num, a temple; It. Sp. profano; Fr. pro-
. To bear; to generate and bring forth; as fane.)
young. The seas produce fish in abun- 4. In arithmetic, the amount of two or more 1. Irreverent to any thing sacred ; applied to
dance. numbers multiplied. Thus 5X7=35, the
They— product. Product results from multiplica-
persons. A man is profane when he takes
the name of God in vain, or treats sacred
Produce prodigious births of body or mind. tion, as sum does from addition.
Milton. 5. In geometry, the factum of two or more things with abuse and irreverence.
. To cause; to effect; to bring into exist- \2. Irreverent; proceeding from a contempt
lines.
ence. Small causes sometimes produce) t PRODU€’TILE, a. That may be extended of sacred things, or implying it; as pro-
great effects. The clouds produce rain. Jane words or language ; profane swear-
in length. ing.
The painter produces a picture or a land- PRODU€’TION, n. [Fr. from L. productio.|
scape. The sculptor produces a statue. 1. The act or process of producing, bringing 3. Not sacred; secular; relating to secular
Vice produces misery. things ; as profane history.
forth or exhibiting to view. 4. Polluted ; not pure.
To raise ; to bring into being. The farmer) 2. That which is produced or made ; as the
produces grain enough for bis family. productions of the earth, comprehending Nothing is profane that serveth to holy
To make; to bring into being or form.) things. Raleigh.
all vegetables and fruits; the productions
The manufacturer produces excellent, of art, as manufactures of every kind, 5. Not purified or holy; allowed for com-
wares. f paintings, sculpture, &c.; the productions mon use; asa profane place. Ezek. xlii.
o To yield or furnish. Money produces ofintellect or genius, as poems and prose and xlviii.
interest ; capital produces profit. The compositions. 6. Obscene; heathenish; tending to bring
commerce of the country produces a reve-) PRODU€’TIVE, a. [It. produttivo ; Sp. pro- reproach on religion; as profane fables.
nue to government. ductivo.] 1 Tim. iy.
9. In general, to bring into existence or into 1. Having the power of producing; as, pro- Profane is used chiefly in Seripture in oppo-
view. ductive labor is that which increases the sition to holy, or qualified ceremonially for
10. To draw out in length; to extend; asa number or amount of products; opposed sacred services.
line produced from A to B. Geometry. to unproductive labor. The labor of the 'PROFA'NE, v. t. To violate any thing sa-
PROD'UCE, n. That which is produced,| farmer and mechanic is productive ; the ered, or treat it with abuse, irreverence,
brought forth or yielded ; product ; as the labor of officers and professional men is obloquy or contempt; as, to profane the
produce of a farm; the produce of trees 3, unproductive to the state. A tree which name of God; to profane the sabbath ; to
the produce of a country ; the produce of aj bears fruit, and the land which bears profane the Scriptures or the ordinances
manufacture ; the produce of the sea; the| grass or grain, is productive. of God. Dwight.
produce of a tax; the produce of a mine.| 2. Fertile; producing good crops. We of- (2. To pollute ; to defile ; to apply to tempo-
But when we speak of something formed| ten denote by this word that Jand or plants ral uses ; to use as base or common. Ezek.
by an individual artisan or genius, we call) yield large products. NXiv.
it a production. 3. Producing ; bringing into being; causing 3. To violate. Mal. ii.
 PRO PRO PRO
4. To pollute ; to debase. Lev. xxi. The professions of princes, when a crown is| ence or knowledge; improvement; pro-
5. To put to a wrong use. Shak. the bait, are a slender security. Lesley. gression in knowledge. Students are ex-
PROFA‘NED, pp. Violated ; treated with The Indians quickly perceive the coinci-|
dence or the contradiction between professions amined that they inay manifest their pro-
irreverence or abuse ; applied to common
uses ; polluted. and conduct, and their confidence or distrust) ficiency in their studies or in knowledge.
PROFA/NELY, adv. With irreverence to follows of course. J. Morse.) PROFICIENT, n. One who has made
2. The business which one professes to un-, considerable advances in any business,
sacred things or names. art, science or branch of learning ; as a
The character of God profanely impeached. derstand and to follow for subsistence ;
Dwight. calling; vocation; employment; as the proficient in a trade or occupation ; a pro-
2. With abuse or contempt for any thing learned professions. We speak of the pro-| Jicient in mathematics, in anatomy, in mu-
venerable. Jession ofaclergyman, of a lawyer, and of) sic, &c.
That proud secholar—speaks of Homer too a physician or surgeon; the profession of) /PROFI€/UOUS, a. [L. proficuus, proficio,
profanely. Broome. lecturer on chimistry or mineralogy. But) supra. |
PROFA’‘NENESS, x. Irreverence of sa- the word is not applied to an occupation Profitable ; advantageous; useful. [Lilile
ered things; particularly, the use of lan- merely mechanical. used. | Harvey.
guage which implies irreverence towards 3. The collective body of persons engaged PROFILE, 2. pro/fil. [Fr. profil ; pro and
God ; the taking of God’s name in vain. in a calling. We speak of practices hon- || fil; It. profilo; Sp. Port. perfil; per and
Dryden. Atterbury. Dwight. orable or disgraceful to a profession. Jil, L. filum, a thread or line:
Profaneness in menis vulgar and odious; in 4. Among the Romanists, the entering into a ‘1. Primarily, an outline or contour; hence,
females, is shocking and detestable. | religious order, by which a person offers | in sculpture and painting, a head or por-
PROFA'NER, n. One who by words or! himself to God by a vow ofinviolable obe- trait represented sidewise or in a side
actions, treats sacred things with irrever- dience, chastity and poverty. Encyc. view ; the side face or half face; as, to
ence ; one who uses profane language. |PROFES/SIONAL,
) a. Pertaining to a pro- draw or appear in profile; the profile of
2. A polluter; adefiler; asa profaner of the}! fession or to a calling; as professional Pope or Addison.
studies, pursuits, duties, engagements;)'2. In architecture, the contour or outline ofa
i . .
temple. Hooker.
PROFA‘NING, ppr. Violating; treating| professional character or skill. figure, building or member; also, the
with irreverence ; polluting. /PROFES’SIONALLY, adv. By profession draught of a building, representing it as
PROFANITY, n. Profaneness, which sce. or declaration. He is professionally a friend if cut down perpendicularly from the
Ina revel of debauchery, amid the brisk in- to religion. roof to the foundation. Encye.
terchange of profanity and folly, religion might 2. Bye
alling; as one employed profession- |PRO’FILE, v. t. [Fr. profiler ;It. profilare;
appear a dumb, unsocial intruder. Buckminster.
ally. Sp. perfilar.]
PROFE€'TION, n. [L. profectio.] A going)
PROFESSOR, n. [L.] One who makes open To draw the outline of a head sidewise ;
forward ; advance; progression. [.Votin to draw in profile ; as a building.
declaration of his sentiments or opinions;
use. Brown.
PRO'FERT, n. [L. 3d. person of profero.] particularly, one who makes a_ public |PRO'FILED, pp. Drawn so as to presenta
avowal of his beliefin the Scriptures and side view.
In law, the exhibition of a record or paper
im open court. his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself) PRO/FILING, ppr. Drawing a portrait so
to the visible church. Bacon. Hammond. as to represent a side view; drawing an
PROFESS, v. ¢. [It. professare; Sp. profe- outline. Encye.
sar; Fr. professer; L. professus, profiteor ; . One that publicly teaches any science or PROFIT, xn. [Fr. profit; It. profitto; from
pro and fateor.] branch of learning ; particularly, an offi-|
cer in a university, college or other semi- L. profectus, proficio, to profit, literally to
1. To make open declaration of; to avow or proceed forward, to advance ; pro and fa-
acknowledge. nary, whose business is to read lectures
or instruct students in a particular branch cio. ‘The primary sense offacio is to urge
Let no man who professes himself a christian, or drive.]
keep so heathenish a family as not to see God| of learning; as a professor of theology or
be daily worshipped in it. Decay of Piety. mathematics. In commerce, the advance in the price of
They profess that they know God, but in PROFESSO’/RIAL, a. [L. professorius.] goods sold beyond the cost of purchase.
works they deny him. Tit. i. Pertaining to a professor; as the professo- Net profit is the gain made by selling
2. To declare in strong terms. rial chair. Enjield.| goods at an advanced price, or a price be-
Then will I profess to them, I never knew PROFESS’ORSHIP, n. The office of al yond what they had cost the seller, and
you. Matt. vii. professor or public teacher of the sciences. beyond all costs and charges. The profit
3. To make a show of any sentiments by Walton. of the farmer and the manufacturer is the
loud declaration. PROFESS/ORY, a. Pertaining to a pro- gain made by the sale of produce or man-
To your professing bosoms I commit him. fessor. ufactures, after deducting the value of the
Shak. PROF’FER, v. t. [L. profero; pro and fero, labor, materials. rents and all expenses,
4, To declare publicly one’s skill in any art to bear; It. profferere, proffertre ; Sp. pro- together with the interest of the capital
or science, for inviting employment; as, Jerir ; Fr. proferer.] employed, whether land, machinery,
to profess one’s self a physician; he pro- 1. To offer for acceptance ;as, to proffer a buildings, instruments or money.
Jfesses surgery. Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.
gift ;to proffer services ;to proffer friend-
PROFESS’, v. i. To declare friendship. ship. Rambler.
[Vot in use.] Shak. 2. To essay or attempt of one’s own accord. Any gain or pecuniary advantage; as an
PROFESS’ED, Openly declared, None
office ofprofit or honor.
PROFEST’, PP: avowed or acknowl- So hardy as to proffer or accept Any advantage; any accession of good
edged; as a professed foe; a professed Alone the dreadful voyage. Milton. from labor or exertion; an extensive sig-
tyrant; a professed christian; a professed PROF’FER, x. An offer made; something! nification, comprehending the acquisition
atheist. proposed for acceptance by another; as of any thing valuable, corporeal or intel-
PROFESS’EDLY, adv. By profession; by proffers of peace or friendship. lectual, temporal or spiritual. A person
open declaration or avowal. He made a proffer to lay down his commis- may derive profit from exercise, amuse-
I could not grant too much to men—profess- sion of command in the army. Clarendon. ments, reading, study, meditation, social
edly my subjects. KE. Charles. 2. Essay ; attempt. Bacon. intercourse, religious instruction, &e.
England I traveled over, professedly search- PROF’FERED, pp. Offered for acceptance. Every improvement or advance in knowl-
ing all places as I passed along. Woodward. PROF’YFERER, x. One who offers any edge is profit toa wise man.
PROFESS/ING, ppr. Openly declaring ; thing for acceptance.
avowing ; acknowledging. PROFIT, v. ¢. [It. profittare; Fr. profiter. |
PROF’FERING, ppr. Offering for accept- 1. To benefit ; to advantage ; applied to one’s
PROFES'SION, a. [Fr. from L. professio.] ance. self, to derive some pecuniary interest or
1. Open declaration; public avowal or ac- PROFI’CIENCE, Ze [from L. proficiens, some accession of good from any thing;
knowledgment of one’s sentiments or be- PROFICIENCY, : * from proficio, to ad- as, to profit one’s self by a commercial un-
lief; as professions of friendship or sincer- vance forward ; pro and facio, to make.] dertaking, or by reading or instruction.
ity ; a profession of faith or religion. Advance in the acquisition of any art, sci- In this sense, the verb is generally uscd
Vol. LI.
 PRO PRO PRO
On a green shady bank, profuse of flowers—
intransitively. Applied to others, to com- PROF'LIGATE, v. t. To drive away; @
Milton.
municate good to; to advance the interest Latin signification. [Not used.] O liberty! thou goddess heavenly bright,
of. : 2. To overcome. [,JVot used.] Harvey. Profuse of bliss— Addison.
Brethren, if I come to you speaking with PROF’LIGATELY, adv. Without princi- Profuse ornament in painting, architecture or
tongues, what shall I profit you? 1 Cor. xiv. ple or shame. Swift. gardening, as well as in dress or in language,
Whereto might the strength of their hands 2. Ina course of extreme viciousness ; as, to shows a mean or corrupted taste. Kames.
profit me? Job xxx. spend life profligately. PROFU'SE, v. t. s as z. To pour out.
2. To improve; to advance. PROF’LIGATENESS, n. The quality or |Little used.] Armstrong.
It is a great means of profiting yourself, to state of being lost to virtue and decency.
copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful 2. To squander. [Little used.} Steele.
butler. PROFU/SELY, adv. Lavishly ; prodigally;
designs. Dryden 2. An abandoned course of life ;extreme
PROFIT, v. i. To gain advantage in pe- as an income profusely expended.
viciousness ; profligacy. 2. With exuberance ; with rich abundance.
cuniary interest; as, to profit by trade or PROFLIGA’TION, n. Defeat; rout. [.Vot
manufactures. The earth is profusely adorned with flow-
used.} Bacon. ers; ornaments may be too profusely scat-
2 To make improvement; to improve ; to PROF’LUENCE, n. [L. profluens, profluo ; tered over a building.
grow wiser or better; to advance in any pro and fluo, to flow.]
thing useful; as, to profit by reading or by PROFU/SENESS, n. Lavishness; prodi-
A progress or course. (Volt used.] Wotton. gality ;extravagant expenditures.
experience. PROF’LUENT, a. Flowing forward; asa
She has profited by your counsel. —Dryden. Hospitality sometimes degenerates into pro-
profluent stream. Milton. fuseness. Atterbury
. To be of use or advantage ; to bring good PROFOUND, a. [Fr. profond; It. prefon-
to. do; Sp. profundo; L. profundus; pro and 2. Great abundance ; profusion; as profuse-
Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Prov. ness of ornaments.
fundus, boitom. See Found.|
xi. 1. Deep; descending or being far below the PROFU'SION, n. s as z. [L. profusio.}
PROFITABLE, a. [Fr.] Yielding or bring-
ing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative ; as surface, or far below the adjacent places; 1. Lavishness; prodigality ; extravagance of
as a gulf profound. Milton. expenditures; as, to waste an estate by
a profitable trade ; profitable business; a profusion.
profitable study or profession. 2. Intellectually deep; that enters deeply
into subjects; not superficial or obvious What meant thy pompous progress through
9, Useful; advantageous. the empire,
What was so profitable to the empire, be- to the mind; asa profound investigation :
Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles ?
came fatal to the emperor. Arbuthnot profound reasoning ; a profound treatise. Rowe.
PROF/ITABLENESS, x. Gainfulness; 3. Humble;
very lowly ; submissive; as a
2. Lavish effusion.
as the profitableness of trade. profound reverence for the Supreme Be-
ing. Duppa. He was desirous to avoid not only profusion,
2. Usefulness ; advantageousness. but the least effusion of christian blood.
More.Calamy. 4. Penetrating deeply into science or any Hayward.
PROF’ITABLY, adv. With gain; gainful- branch of learning; as a profound schol-
ly. Our ships are profitably employed. or; aprofound mathematician ; a profound 3. Rich abundance ; exuberant plenty. The
historian. table contained a profusion of dainties.
2. Usefully ; advantageously ; with improve- Our country has a profusion of food for
ment. Our time may be profitably occupied 5. Deep in skill or contrivance.
The revolters are profound to make slaugh- man and beast.
in reading.
PROFITED, pp. Benefited ; advanced in ter. Hos. v. The raptur’d eye
6. Having hidden qualities. The fair profusion, yellow autumn, spies.
interest or happiness ; improved. Thomson
What is a man profited, if he shall gain the Upon the comer of the moon
whole world and lose his own soul? Matt. There hangs a vap’rous drop profound. PROG, v. i. [D. prachgen, to beg; Dan.
XV.
hak. prakker, id.; Sw. pracka, to make use
PROF'ITING, ppr. Gaining interest or ad- PROFOUND’, n. The deep; the sea; the of shifts; L. proco, procor.]
vantage ; improving. ocean ; as the vast profound. Dryden. 1. To shift meanly for provisions; to wan-
PROF’ITING, ». Gain; advantage; im- 2. The abyss. der about and seek provisions where they
provement. I travel this profound. Milton. are to be found; to live by beggarly
That thy profiting may appear to all. 1 Tim. wicks. [4 low word.]
iv. PROFOUND, v. i. To dive ; to penetrate. You are the lion; I have been endeavoring
PROF'ITLESS, a. Void of profit, gain or |.Not in use.] Glanville. to prog for you. Burke.
advantage. Shak. PROFOUND'‘LY, adv. Deeply; with deep PROG, x. Victuals or provisions sought by
PROF’LIGACY, n. [See Profligate.] A concern. begging or found by wandering about.
profligate or very vicious course of life ; Why sigh you so profoundly? Shak. 2. Victuals of apy kind. [4 low word.]
a state of being abandoned in moral prin- 2. With deep penetration into science or Swift.
ciple and in vice. Barrington. learning ; with deep knowledge or in-| PROG, n. One that seeks his victuals by
PROF'LIGATE, a. [L. profligatus, profligo, sight; as profoundly wise; profoundly wandering and begging.
to rout, to ruin; pro and fligo, to drive or skilled in music or painting. Dryden. PROGEN'ERATE, v. t. [L. progenero.) To
dash. The word then signifies dashed, PROFOUND'NESS, n. Depth of place. beget. [Vol in use.]
broken or ruined in morals. See Flog and 2. Depth of knowledge or of science. PROGENERA’TION, n. The act of be-
Afflict.| Hooker. getting; propagation. [JNVot used.]
Abandoned to vice; lost to principle, virtue PROFUND‘ITY, n. [It. profondita; Sp. PROGENITOR, n. [L. from progigno ;
or decency; extremely vicious; shame- profundidad ; trom L. profundus. | pro and gigno, to beget, Gr. yevvau.|
less in wickedness ; as a profligate man or Depth ofplace, of knowledge or of science. An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.
wretch. Milton. Adam was the progenitor of the human
Next age will see PROFU'SE, a. [L. profusus, profundo, to} race,
A race more profligate than we. pour out; pro and fundo.] PROGENITURE, n. A begetting or birth.
Roscommon. 1. Lavish ; liberal to excess; prodigal; asa [Litile used.|]
Made prostitute and profligate the muse, PROGENY, x. [It. progenie; L. progentes,
profuse government; a profuse adminis-
Debas’d to each obscene and impious use.
Dryden. tration. Henry the eighth, a profuse king, from progignor.|
dissipated the treasures which the parsi- Offspring ; race ; children ; descendants of
PROF’LIGATE, xn. An abandoned man; mony of his father had amassed. A man’s the human kind, or offspring of other api-
a wretch who has lost all regard to good friends are generally too profuse of praise, mals; asthe progeny ofa king; the proge-
principles, virtue or decency. and his enemies too sparing. ny of Adam; the progeny of beasts or
How could such a profligate as Antony, or a fowls ; a word of general application.
boy of eighteen like Octavius, ever dare to 2. Extravagant; lavish; as profuse expendi-
PROGNO'SIS, n. [Gr. apoyrwors, from mpo-
dream of giving law to such an empire ? tures.
Swift. 3. Overabounding ; exuberant. yuwoxe, to know before ; zpo and ywooxe.)
 PRO PRO PRO
Tn medicine, the art of foretelling the event at|5. Removal; passage from place to place. PROHIBITER, x. One who prohibits or
a disease ; the judgment of the event 0 From Egypt arts their progress made to forbids; a forbidder ; an interdicter.
a disease by particular symptoms. Greece. Denham. PROHIBITING, ppr. Forbidding ; inter-
Coxe. Hooper. 6. A journey of state; a circuit. dicting ; debarring.
PROGNOS‘TI€, a. Foreshowing ; indica- Blackstone. Addison. PROHIBITION, n. [Fr. from L. prohibi-
ting something future by signs or symp- PROGRESS’, v.%. To move forward in tio.|
toms; as the prognostic symptoms of a space ; to pass; to proceed. 1. The act of forbidding or interdicting ; a
disease ; prognostic signs. , Let me wipe off this honorable dew declaration to hinder some action ; inter-
PROGNOS’TIE, x. In medicine, the judg- That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks. dict.
ment formed concerning the event of a ; Shak. The law of God in the ten commandments
disease by means of the symptoms. —Although the popular blast consists mostly of prohibitions ; “ thou shalt
Encye. Hath rear’d thy name up to bestride a cloud, not do such a thing.” Tillotson.
2, Something which foreshows; a sign by Or progress in the chariot of the sun. 2. In law, a writ ofprohibition, is a writ issu-
which a future event may be known or Broken Heart,by Ford, vol. 1. p. 303, ing from a superior tribunal, directed to
foretold. _ ; nye Gifford’s Ed. Lond. 1827. the judges of an inferior court, command-
In medicine, a sign or symptom indica- [These authors accent the first syllable, ing them to cease from the prosecution of
ting the event ofa disease. The appear- but the accent is now on the second.] a suit. By ellipsis, prohibition is used for
ance of the tongue—is of considerable im- 2. To proceed ; to continue onward in the writ itself. Blackstone.
portance as a prognostic. Parr. course. PROHIBITIVE, Forbidding ; imply-
3. A foretelling ; prediction. Swift. After the war had progressed for some time. PROHIBITORY, ,“ ing prohibition.
PROGNOS/TICABLE, a. That may be Marshall. Barrow. Ayliffe.
foreknown or foretold. Brown. 3. To advance; to make improvement. PROIN, v. t. [Fr. provigner ; pro and vigne,
PROGNOS’TICATE, v. t. [from prognos- Du Ponceau. Bayard. vine.}_ To lop; to trim; to prune. Obs.
tic ; Lt. prognosticare.] PROGRES’SION, a. [Fr. from L. progres- [See Prune.]} B. Jonson.
1. To foreshow ; to indicate a future event sio, progredior. | PROIN, v. i. To be employed in pruning.
by present signs. A clear sky at sunset \1 . The act of moving forward; a proceed- Obs. Bacon.
prognosticales a fair day. ing in a course ; motion onwards. PROJECT’, v. t. [L. projicio ; pro, forward,
2. To foretell by means of present signs ; to Locke. and jacio, to throw; It. progettare; Fr.
predict. 2. Intellectual advance ; as the progression| projeter ; Sp. proyectar.|
I neither will nor can prognosticate of thought. Locke. 1. To throw out; to cast or shoot forward.
To the young gaping heir his father’s fate. 3. Course ; passage. Shak. Th’ ascending villas
Dryden. 4. In mathematics, regular or proportional Project long shadows o’er the crystal tide.
PROGNOS'TICATED, pp. Foreshown ; advance in increase or decrease of num- Pope.
foretold. bers ; continued proportion, arithmetical: 2. To cast forward in the mind; to scheme ;
PROGNOS’TICATING, ppr. Foreshow- or geometrical. Continued arithmetical] to contrive; to devise something to be
ing; foretelling. proportion, is when the terms increase done; as, to project a plan for paying off’
PROGNOSTI€A/TION, n. The act of; or decrease by equal differences. Thus, the national debt; to project an expedition
i 5
foreshowing a future event by present
signs.
ia eee ;by the difference 2. to South America ; to project peace or
war. Milton.
2. The act of foretelling an event by present Geometrical proportion or progression, 3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any
signs. Burnet. is when the terms increase or decrease thing ; to delineate.
3. A foretoken; previous sign. Shak. by equal ratios. Thus, PROJET’, v. i. To shoot forward ; to ex-
PROGNOS’TICATOR, n. A foreknower 2 4 8 16. 32. 64.2?by a con-| tend beyond something else ; to jut; to be
or foreteller of a future event by present 64. 32.16. 8 4) 2: Caan mul- prominent; as, the cornice projects.
signs. tiplication or division by 2. Encye. PROJ/ECT, n. (Fr. projet.] A scheme; a
PROGRAM MA, n. [Gr. from xpoypapa, to PROGRES/SIONAL, a. That advances; design ; something intended or devised;
write previously ; ~po and ypape, to write.| that is in a state of advance. Brown.) contrivance ; as the project of acanal from
1. Anciently, a letter sealed with the king’s PROGRESS/IVE, a. Moving forward ; the Hudson to the lakes; all our projects
seal. Encye. proceeding onward; advancing ; as pro-| of happiness are liable to be frustrated.
2. In @ university, a billet or advertisement gressive motion or course; opposed to ret- 2. An idle scheme; a design not practica-
to invite persons to an oration, Encye. rograde. Bacon. Ray. ble; as a man given to projects.
3. A proclamation or edict posted in a pub- 2, Improving. The arts are in a progressive, PROJE€T’ED, pp. Cast out or forward ;
lie place. Life of A. Wood. state. schemed; devised; delineated.
4. That which is written before something iPROGRESSIVELY, adv. By motion on- PROJECTILE, a. Impelling forward; as
else; a preface. Warton. ward ; by regular advances. Hooker. a projectile force.
PROG’RESS, n. [Fr. progres; Sp. pro- PROGRESS’/IVENESS, n. The state of 2.*Given by impulse ; impelled forward; as
greso ; L. progressus, progredior ;pro and moving forward; an advancing; state of projectile motion. Arbuthnot.
gradior, to step or go. See Grade and improvement ; as the progressiveness of PROJECTILE, x. A body projected, or
Degree.| science, arts or taste. impelled forward by force, particularly
. A moving or going forward ; a proceed- PROHIBIT, v.t. [L. prohibeo ; pro and ha-| through the air.
ing onward. A man makes a slow pro- beo, to hold; Fr. prohiber ; It. prowbire ;|2. Projectiles, in mechanical philosophy, is
gress or arapid progress on a journey; a Sp. prohibir.] | that part which treats of the motion of
ship makes slow progress against the tide. . To forbid; to interdict by authority ; ap-, bodies thrown or driven by an impelling
He watched the progress of the army on plicable to persons or things, but implying force from the surface of the earth, and
its march, or the progress of a star or com- authority or right. God prohibited Adam affected by gravity and the resistance of
et. to eat of the fruit of a certain tree. The the air.
2. A moving forward in growth; increase; moral law prohibits what is wrong and PROJECTING, ppr. Throwing out or
as the progress ofa plant or animal. commands what is right. We prohibit a forward ; shooting out; jutting ; schem-
3. Advance in business of any kind ; as the person to do a thing, and we prohibit the; ing : contriving.
progress of a negotiation ; the progress o thing to be done. | PROJECTION, n. [L. projectio.] The act
arts. i). To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to pre- of throwing or shooting forward.
4. Advance in knowledge; intellectual or claude. Brown.
moral improvement ; proficiency. The Gates of burning adamant, 2. A jutting out; extension beyond some-
student is commended for his progress inj Barr’'d over us, prohibit all egress. — Milton. thing else.
learning; the christian for his progress in PROHIBITED, pp. Forbid; interdicted ; 3. The act of scheming; plan; scheme; de-
virtue and piety. | hindered, sign of something to be executed,
 PRO PRO PRO
4, Plan; delineation ; the representation of} paroxysm returns at an earlier hour at} poem spoken before a dramatic perform-
something ; as the projection of the sphere, every repetition. Encyc. ance or play begins. Encyc.
is a representation of the circles on the PROLEP’TI€ALLY, adv. By way of anti- PROLOGUE, v.t. pro‘log. {it. prologare.}
surface of the sphere. There are three cipation. To introduce with a formal preface.
principal points of projection ; the stereo- PROLETA/RIAN, a. [L. proletarius, from) Shak.
graphic, in which the eye is supposed to proles, offspring.] Mean; vile ; vulgar. PROLONG,, v.t. (Fr. prolonger ; It. prolun-
be placed on the surface of the sphere; [Vot used.] Hudibras. gare; Sp. prolongar; L. pro and longus.
the orthographic, in which the eye is sup- PRO/LETARY, xn. A common person. See Long.|
posed to be at an infinite distance; and [Vot used.] Burton. 1. To lengthen in time; to extend the du-
the gnomonic, in which the eye is placed PROLIF’EROUS, a. [infra.] In botany, ration of. Temperate habits tend to pro-
in the center of the sphere. prolific ; as a proliferous flower. long life.
Encyc. Lee. Martyn. 2. To lengthen; to draw out in time by de-
In perspective, projection denotes the A proliferous stem is one which puts forth lay ;to continue.
appearance or representation of an object branches only from the center of the top, Th’ unhappy queen with talk prolong’d the
on the perspective plane. Encye. or which shoots out new branches from night. Dryden.
5. In alchimy, the casting of a certain pow- the summits of the former ones, as the 3. To put offto a distant time.
der, called powder of projection, into a cru- pine and fir. Martyn. Smith. For [ myself am not so well provided
cible or other vessel full of some prepared A proliferous umbel is a compound umbel As else 1 would be, were the day prolong’d.
metal or other matter, which is to be which has the umbellicle subdivided. Shak.
thereby transmuted into gold. Encyc. Martyn. 4. To extend in space or length.
PROJECT’ MENT, n. Design; contrivance. PROLIF’Té, ee {It. Sp. prolifico; Fr. PROLON’GATE, v. t. To extend or length-
[Little used.] Clarendon. PROLIF’ICAL, § * prolifique ; L. proles, en in space; as, to prolongate a line.
offspring, and facio, to make.] 2. To extend in time. [Little used.]
PROJE€CT’/OR, xn. One who forms a
PROLON’GATED, pp. Extended in space:
scheme or design. Addison. 1. Producing young or fruit; fruitful; gen- continued in length.
2. One who forms wild or impracticable erative ; productive ; applied to animals
and plants ; as a prolific female ; a prolific PROLON’GATING, ppr. Lengthening in
schemes. Pope. space.
tree.
PROJECT'URE, n . A jutting or standing)|, 2. Productive; having the quality of gene- PROLONGA’TION, x. [Fr.] The act of
out beyond the line or surface of some- rating; as a controversy prolific of evil lengthening in time or space ; as the pro-
thing else. Encye. consequences ; a prolific brain. longation oflite. Bacon.
PROLAPSE, n. prolaps’. {L. prolapsus, 3. A prolific flower, [prolifer,] in botany, is one The prolongation of a line.
prolabor. | which produces a second flower from its Lavoisier, Trans.
A falling down or falling out of some part own substance, or which has smaller 2. Extension of time by delay or postpone-
of the body, as of the uterus or intestines. flowers growing out of the principal one. ment; as the prolongation of days for pay-
Encye. But proliferous is commonly used. ment. Bacon.
PROLAPSE, v.7. prolaps’. To fall down or Encyc. Martyn.||PROLONG’ED, pp. Lengthened in dura-
out ; to project too much. PROLIF‘I€CACY, xn. Fruitfulness ; great) tion or space. :
'S arte :[See Prolapse. | productiveness. Encyc.||PROLONG’ER, n. He or that which
ee a lengthens in time or space.
PROLIF/ICALLY, adv. Fruitfully ; with
PROLA‘TE, v.t. (L. prolatum, profero.| To great increase.
PROLONG/ING, ppr. Extending in time;
utter; to pronounce. [.Vot used.] continuing in length.
PROLIFICA/TION, n. [See Prolific.| The
Howell. generation of young or of plants. PROLU’SION, n. sas z. [L. prolusio, pro-
PRO’/LATE, a. [supra.] Extended beyond 2. In botany, the production of a second ludo ; pro and ludo, to play.]
the line of an exact sphere. A_ prolate flower from the substance of the first. A prelude ; entertainment ; diverting per-
spheriod is produced by the revolution of This is either from the center of a simple formance. [Little used.] Hakewill.
a semi-ellipsis about its larger diameter. PROMENA’'DE, n. [Fr. from promener ;
flower, or from the side of an aggregate
Encyce. flower. Lee. pro and mener, to lead.]
1. A walk for amusement or exercise.
PROLA/TION, n. [L. prolatio, from profe- PROLIF‘I€NESS, nx. The state of being 2. A place for walking.
ro.| Utterance ; pronunciation. |Lattle prolific. Scott.
PROMER'T, v.t. [L. promereo, promeri-
used.] Ray. PRO'‘LIX, a. [L. prolixus ;pro and larus, tum ; pro and mereo, to merit.]
2. Delay ; act of deferring. [Not used.] literally drawn out.)
1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. Hall.
Ainsworth. 1. Long ; extended to a great length; mi-
2. To deserve ; to procure by merit. Pearson.
3. A method in music of determining the nute in narration or argument; applied
(This word is little used or not at all.|
power of semibreves and minims. only to discourses, speeches and writings;
PROMETHE’AN, a. Pertaining to Prome-
Busby. as a prolix oration; a prolix poem; a pro- theus, who stole fire from heaven.
PROLEGOMENA, x. plu. [Gr. xporeyou- lix sermon.
PROMINENCE, [L. promineniia,
2. Of long duration. [Not in use.]
eva; mpo and Aaeyw, to speak. ] PROM INENCY, , ™ from promineo ;
Preliminary observations; introductory re- }| PROLIX ITY, Great length; minute
pro and minor, to menace, that is, to shoot
marks or discourses prefixed to a book | PROLIX’NESS, ,™ detail; applied only to forward. |
or treatise. Walton. discourses and writings. Prolixity is not
always tedious. A standing out from the surface of some-
PROLEP’SIS, [Gr. mpoan es, from mpo- thing, or that which juts out; protuber-
PROLEP’SY, ;M dauBave; xpo and 2am, PROLIX’LY, adv. At great length. ance; as the prominence of a joint; the
vo, to take.] Dryden. prominence of a rock or cliff; the promt-
1. Anticipation ; a figure in rhetoric by PROLOC'UTOR, n. [L. proloquor ;pro and nence of the nose. Small hills and knolls
which objections are anticipated or pre- loquor, to speak.] ‘The speaker or chair- are prominences on the surface of the
vented. Bramhall. | man ofa convocation. Swift. earth.
2. An error in chronology, when an event |PROLOC/UTORSHIP, x. The office or PROM’INENT, a. [L. prominens.] ‘Stand-
is dated before the actual time; an anach- station of a prolocutor. ing out beyond the line or surface of
ronism. Theobald. PRO’/LOGIZE, v. i. To deliver a prologue. something ; jutting; protuberant; in bigh
PROLEP’ TIE, Pertaining to pro- | {.Vot in use.] relief; as a prominent figure on a vase.
PROLEP’TICAL, ¢ lepsis or anticipa- PROLOGUE, 2. pro‘log. [Fr. from L. pro- 9 Full; large; as a prominent eye.
tion. logus; Gr. mporoyos; mpo and doyos, dis- 3. Eminent ; distinguished above others;
2. Previous; antecedent. Glanwille. course. | as a prominent character.
3. In medicine, anticipating the usual time; The preface or introduction to a discourse 4. Principal; most visible or striking to the
applied to a periodical disease, whose or ‘performance, chiefly the discourse or eye; conspicuous. The figure of a man
 PRO PRO PRO
or of a building holds a prominent place in| ble reward, and will enforce such implied, sense,
promise. the word may be a participle or an
a picture. 4
PROMINENTLY, adv. In a prominent 4. Hopes; expectation, or that which af- adjective.}
PROM/ISSORILY, adv. By way of prom-
manner; so as to stand out beyond the fords expectation of future distinction ;
ise.
other parts; eminently ; in a striking man- as a youth of great promise. PROMISSORY, a. Containing a promise
her; conspicuously. My native country was full of youthful or binding declaration of something to be
PROMIS‘CUOUS, a. [L. promiscuus ;pro promise. Irving. done or forborne. “Arbuthnot.
and misceo, to mix.] : : 5. That which is promised ; fulfillment or 2. In law,
1. Mingled ; consisting of individuals united grant of what is promised. a promissory note is a writing
which contains a promise of the payment
in a body or mass without order; confus- He commanded them that they should not
of
depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise money or the delivery of property to
ed; undistinguished ; as a promiscuous another,
of the Father. Acts i. at or before a time specified, in
crowd or mass.
consideration of value received by the
A wild where weeds and flow’rs promiscuous 6. In Scripture, the promise of God is the promiser. In England, promissory notes
shoot. Pope. declaration or assurance which God has
given in his word of bestowing blessings and bills of exchange, being negotiable
2. Common; indiscriminate ; not restricted for the payment of a Jess sum than twen-
to an individual; as promiscuous love or on his people. Such assurance resting
on the perfect justice, power, benevolence ty shillings, are declared to be void by
intercourse. Stat. 15. Geo. ILL.
PROMIS’CUOUSLY, adv. In a crowd or and immutable veracity of God, cannot Blackstone.
fail of performance. PROM/ONTORY, n. [L. promontoriwm;
mass without order ;with confused mix- pro, forward, and mons, a mountain ;
The Lord is not slack concerning his promi- Fr.
ture ; indiscriminately ; as men ofall class- ses. 2 Pet. iii. promontorre ; It. Sp. promontorio.]
es promiscuously assembled; particles of PROM'ISE, v. t. To make a declaration to In geography, a high point of
land or rock,
different earths promiscuously united. another, which binds the promiser in projecting into the sea beyond the line of
2. Without distinction of kinds. honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear the coast; a head land. It differs from a
Like beasts and birds promisewously they some act; as, to promisea visit to a friend ; cape in denoting high land; a cape may
join. Pope. to promise a cessation of hostilities ; to be a similar projection of land high or
PROMIS’CUOUSNESS, n. A state of be- promise the payment of money. low.
ing mixed without order or distinction. 2. To afford reason to expect; as, the year Like one that stands upon a promontory.
Ash. promises a good harvest. Shak
PROMISE, n. [L promissum, from promit- 3. To make declaration or give assurance of} If you drink tea on a promontory that over-
to, to send before or forward ; pro and mi- some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or hangs the sea, it is preferable to an assembly.
to, to send ; Fr. promeltre, promis, promesse ; engage to bestow. Pope
It. promettere, promessa ; Sp. prometer, pro- The proprietors promised large tracts of land. PROMO’TE, v.¢t. [L. promotus, promoveo,
mesa. ] Charter of Dartmouth College. to move forward ; pro and moveo, to move B
1. In a general sense, a declaration, written PROM'ISE, v. 7. To assure one by a prom- ce Sp. promover ;Fr. promou-
or verbal, made by one person to another, ise or binding declaration. The man vor.
which binds the person who makes it, promises fair ; let us forgive him. |. To forward; to advance ; to contribute
either in honor, conscience or law, to do 2. To afford hopes or expectations; to give to the growth, enlargement or excellence
or forbear a certain act specified ; a dec- ground to expect good. The youth prom- of any thing valuable, or to the increase
laration which gives to the person to ises to be an eminent man; the wheat of any thing evil; as, to promote learning,
Whom itis made, a right to expect or to promises to be a good crop; the weather knowledge, virtue or religion; to promote
claim the performance or forbearauce of promises to be pleasant. the interests of commerce or agriculture ;
the act. ‘The promise of a visit to my 3. In popular use, this verb sometimes to promote the arts ; to promote civilization
neighbor, gives him a right to expect it, threatens or assures of evil. The rogue or refinement; to promote the propaga-
and f am bound in honor and civility to shall be punished, I promise you. tion of the gospel; to promote view and
perform the promise. Of such a promise Will not the ladies be afraid of the lion ? disorder.
Auman laws have no cognizance ; but the —I fear it, | promise you. Shak. - To excite ; as, to promote mutiny.
fulfillment of it is one of the minor moral- In the latter example, promise is equiva-||3 To exalt; to elevate; to raise 3 to prefer
ities, which civility, kindness and strict lent to declare ; “I declare to you.” in rank or honor.
integrity require to be observed. 4. To promise one’s self, to be assured or to I will promote thee to very great honors,
In law, a declaration, verbal or written, have strong confidence. Num. xxii.
made by one person to another for a good I dare promise myself you will attest the! Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Proy.
truth of all I have advanced. Rambler. iv.
or valuable consideration, in the nature of!
a covenant, by which the promiser binds PROM/ISE-BREACH, xn. Violation of PROMO’TED, pp. Advanced; exalted,
himself, and as the case may be, his legal promise. Shak. PROMO’TER, x. He or that whieh for-
representatives, to do or forbear some act ; PROM’ISE-BREAKER, n. A violator of wards, advances or promotes; an encour-
and gives to the promisee a legal right to promises. Shak. ager ; as a promoter of charity. Atterbury.
demand and enforce a fulfillment. PROM'ISED, pp. Engaged by word or 2. One that excites; asa promoter
writing ; stipulated. of sedi-
A binding declaration of something to tion.
be done or given for another’s benefit; as PROMISEE’, n. The person to whom a 3. An informer; a make-bate. Obs.
promise is made.
the promise of agrant of land. A promise PROM'ISER, Encye. PROMO'TING, ppr. Forwarding ; advane-
may be absolute or conditional ; lawful or x. One who promises; one ing; exciting, exalting.
unlawful ; express or implied. An absolute who engages, assures, stipulates or cov- PROMO’'TION, n. {F'r. ;|from promote. |
promise must be fulfilled at all events, enants. Fear, says Dryden, is a great I. The act of promoting ; advancement ;
The obligation to fulfill a conditional prom- promiser, We may say that hope is a very encouragement ; as the promotion of virtue
ise depends on the performance of the con- liberal promiser. or morals; the promotion of peace or of
dition. An unlawful promise is not bind- The import of a promise, when disputed, is discord.
ing, because it is void ; for it is incompat- not to be determined by the sense of the prom- 2. Exaltation in rank or honor ; prefer-
ible with a prior paramount obligation of] iser, nor by the expectations of the promisee. ment.
obedience to the laws. An express promise, Paley. Encyc My promotion will be thy destruction.
[Vote. In law language, promisor is used, but
is one expressed in words or writing. An without necessity or advantage. ] Milton.
umplied promise, is one which reason and PROMISING, ppr. Engaging by words or Promotion cometh neither from the east nor
justice dictate. If Thire a man to perform from the west, nor from the south. Ps. Ixxy,
writing ; stipulating ; assuring.
a day’s labor, without any declaration that 2. Affording just expectations of good or PROMO'TIVE, a. Tending to advance or
Iwill pay him, the law presumes a promise promote; tending to encourage. Hume.
reasonable ground of hope; as a promis- PROMOVE, v.t. To advance. [Not used.]
on my part that I will give him a reasona- ing youth: a promising prospect. [In this t Fell. Suckling.
 PRO PuRO PRO
PROMPT, a. [Fr. prompt; It. Sp. pronto; That from which supplies are drawn; a sometimes in a good sense ; as the prone-
L. promplus, from promo.| storehouse ; a magazine ; a repository. ness of good men to commiserate want.
1. Ready and quick to act as occasion de- Woodward. Atterbury.
mands, PROMPT'URE, n. Suggestion ; incite- PRONG, n. [Possibly it is formed with 2
Very discerning and prompt in giving orders. ment. [JVot used.] Shak. casual, from the W. prociaw, to stab, or
Clarendon. PROMUL'GATE, v.t. [L. promugo.] To Scot. prog, brog, a sharp point.]
2. Ofa ready disposition ; acting with cheer- publish ;to make known by open declara- 1. A sharp pointed instrument.
ful alacrity ; as prompt in obedience or tion; as, to promulgate the secrets of a Prick it on a prong of iron. Sandys.
compliance. council. It is particularly applied to the 2. The tine of a fork or of a similar instru-
Yell him publication of laws and the gospel. The ment; asa fork of two or three prongs.
I’m prompt to lay my crown at’s feet. | moral law was promulgated at mount [This is the sense in which it is used in
Shak. America. |
Sinai. The apostles promulgated the gos-
3. Quick; ready; not dilatory; applied to pel. Edicts, laws and orders are promul- PRONG'‘HOE, x. A hoe with prongs to
things; as, he manifested a prompt obedi- gated by circular letters, or through the break the earth. Encye.
ence; he yielded prompt assistance. medium of the public prints. PRONITY, for proneness, is not used.
When Washington heard the voice of his More.
country in distress, his obedience was prompt.
PROMUL’/GATED, pp. Published ;made
Ames. publicly known. PRONOM'INAL, a. [L. pronomen. See
Pronoun.|
4. Quick; hasty; indicating boldness or PROMUL’/GATING, ppr. Publishing.
forwardness. PROMUL’‘GATION, n. The act of promul- Belonging to or of the nature of a pronoun.
And you perhaps too prompt in your replies. gating; publication ; open declaration; Lowth.
Dryden. as the promulgation of the law or of the PRO’/NOUN, n. [Fr. pronom ; It. pronome ;
5. Ready; present; told down; as prompt gospel. Sp. pronombre ; L. pronomen; pro, for, and
payment. PROMUL/GATOR, n. A publisher ; one nomen, name. |
6. Easy ; unobstructed. Wolton. who makes known or teaches publicly In grammar, a word used instead of a noun
PROMPT, v. t. To incite; to move or ex- what was before unknown. or name, to prevent the repetition of it.
cite to action or exertion; to instigate. PROMULGE, v.t. promulj’. To promul- The personal pronouns in English, are J,
Insults prompt anger or revenge ; love gate; to publish or teach. [Less used thou or you, he, she, we, ye and they. The
prompts desire ; benevolence prompts men than promulgate. ] last is used for the name of things, as well
to devote their time and services to spread PROMULG’ED, pp. Published. as for that of persons. Other words are
the gospel. Ambition prompted Alexan- PROMULG’ER, n. One who publishes or used for the names of persons, things,
der to wish for more worlds to conquer. teaches what was before unknown. sentences, phrases and for adjectives ;
2. To assist a speaker when at a loss, by Atterbury. and when they stand for sentences, phra-
pronouncing the words forgotten or next! PROMULG/ING, ppr. Publishing. ses and adjectives, they are not strictly
in order, as to prompt an actor; or to as- ||PRONA/TION, n. [from L. pronus, having pronouns, but relatives, substitutes or re-
sist a learner, by suggesting something the faee downwards. | presentatives of such sentences. Thus we
forgotten or not understood. 1. Among anatomists, that motion of the radi- say, “ the jury found the prisoner guilty,
Ascham. Shak. Bacon. us whereby the palm of the hand is turned and the court pronounced sentence on
3. To dictate; to suggest to the mind. downwards ; the act of turning the palm him. This or that gave great joy to the
And whisp’ring angels prompt her golden downwards ; opposed to supination. spectators.” In these sentences, this or
dreams. Pope. Encyc. Coxe. that represents the whole preceding sen-
4. To remind. [Not used.] Brown. 2. That position of the band, when the tence, which is the proper antecedent.
PROMPT’ED, pp. Incited ;moved to ac- thumb is turned towards the body, and We also say, “ the jury pronounced the
tion; instigated; assisted in speaking or the palm downwards. Parr. man guilty, this or that or which he could
learning. PRONA‘TOR, n. A muscle of the fore not be, for he proved an alibi.” In which
PROMPT‘ER, n. One that prompts; one arm which serves to turn the palin of the sentence, this or that or which refers im-
that admonishes or icites to action. hand downward; opposed to supinalor. mediately to guilty, as its antecedent.
2. One that is placed behind the scenes in a Encye. PRONOUNCE, v.t. pronouns’. [Fr. pro-
play house, whose businessis to assist the PRONE, a. [L. pronus.] Bending forward; noncer ; It. pronunziare ; Sp. pronunciar;
speakers when at a loss, by uttering the inclined ; not erect. Milton. L. pronuncio ; pro and nuncio.|
first words of a sentence or words for- 2. Lying with the face downward ; contrary 1. To speak; to utter articulately. The
gotten; or any person who aids a_ public to supine. Brown. child is not able to pronounce words com-
speaker when at a loss, by suggesting the 3. Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in des- posed ofdifficult combinations of letters.
next words of his piece. Pope. cent. Adults rarely learn to pronounce correctly
PROMPT’ING, ppr. Inciting ; moving to Down thither prone in flight. Milton. a foreign language.
action; aiding a speaker when at a loss 4, Sloping; declivous; inclined. wo. To utter formally, officially or solemnly.
for the words of his piece. Since the floods demand The court pronounced sentence of death
PROMPT’ITUDE, n. (Fr. from L. prompt- For their descent, a prone and sinking land. on the criminal.
us; It. prontitudine ; Sp. prontitud.| Blackmore.
Then Baruch answered them, he pronounced.
J. Readiness; quickness of decision and ac- 5. Inclined ;propense; disposed; applied to! all these words to me with his mouth. Jer.
tion when oceasion demands. In the sud- the mind or affections, usually in an ill XXXVi.
den vicissitudes ofa batile, promplitude in sense; as men prone to evil, prone to strife, Sternly he pronounc’d
a commander is one of the most essential prone to intemperance, prone to deny the The rigid interdiction. Milton.
qualifications. truth, prone to change. 3. To speak or utter rhetorically ; to deliver;
2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity ; as PRO/NENESS, n. The state of bending as, to pronounce an oration,
promplitude in obedience or compliance. downward ; as the proneness of beasts that 4. To speak ; to utter, in almost any man-
PROMPT’LY, adv. Readily ; quickly ; ex- look downwards ; opposed to the erectness ner.
peditiously ; cheerfully. Taylor. of man. Brown. \5. 'Todeclare or affirm. He pronounced the
PROMPT NESS, n. Readiness ; quickness 2. The state of lying with the face down- book to be a libel ; he pronownced the act
of decision or action. The young man wards; contrary to supineness. to be a fraud.
answered questions with great prompt- 3. Descent; declivity; as the proneness of al PRONOUNCE, v. 7. pronouns’. To speak ;
NESS. hill. to make declaration ; to utter an opinion.
2. Cheerful willingness ; alacrity. 4. Inclination of mind, heart or temper; How confidently soever men pronounce of
3. Activity; briskness; as the promptness propension; disposition ; as the proneness| themselves— Decay of Piety.
of animal actions. Arbuthnot. of the Israelites to idolatry ; proneness to, PRONOUNCEABLE, = a. pronouns‘able.
PROMPT’UARY, n. [E'r. prompluaire; L. self-gratification or to self-justification 5) That may be pronounced or uttered.
prompluarium. | proneness to comply with temptation ;) Pinkerton.
 PRO PRO PRO
PRONOUN’CED, pp. per. ‘These are probably the same word
Spoken ; uttered; uon or successive production ; as the prop-
declared solemnly. differently applied.] agation of animals or plants.
PRONOUN/CER, n. One who utters or'/1. To support or prevent from falling by There is not in nature any spontaneous gen-
declares. ; placing something under or against; as, eration, but all come by propagation. Ray.
PRONOUN'CING, ppr. Speaking ; utter- to prop a fence or an old building. 2. The spreading or extension of any thing;
ing ; declaring. ‘ 2. To support by standing under or against. as the propagation of sound or of reports.
2. a. Teaching pronunciation. bi Till the bright mountains prop th’ incumbent 3. The spreading of any thing by planting
PRONUNCIA‘TION, n. [Fr. prononciation, sky. Pope. and establishing in places before destitute 5
from L. pronunciatio.] } ) 3. To support; to sustain; in a general as the propagation of the gospel among
1. The act of uttering with articulation ; ut- sense ; as, to propa declining state. pagans.
terance ; as the pronunciation of syllables I prop myself upon the few supports that are 4. A forwarding or promotion.
left me. Pope.
or words; distinct or indistinct pronuncea- PROP/AGATOR, n. One that continues or
PROP, x. That which sustains an incum-
tion. bent weight; that on which any thing multiplies his own species by generation.
2. The mode of uttering words or senten- 2. One that continues or multiplies any spe-
rests for support; a support; a stay; asa
ces; particularly, the art or manner of ut- cies of animals or plants.
tering a discourse publicly with propriety prop tor vines ; a prop tor an old building. 3. One that spreads or causes to circulate,
and gracefulness ; now called delivery. An affectionate child is the prop of deelin- as a report.
J. Q. Adams. ing age. 4. One that plants and establishes in a
PRONUN’CIATIVE, Uttering confi- PROP’AGABLE, a. [Sce Propagate.] That
a.
may be continued or multiplied by natu-
country destitute; as a propagator of the
dently ; dogmatical. Bacon. gospel.
ral generation or production; applied to 5. One that plants, originates or extends;
PROOF, n. [Sax. profian, to prove; Sw. animals and vegetables.
prof, proof; Dan. préve; D. proef; G. one that promotes.
2. That may be spread or extended by any PROPEL, v. t. [L. propello ;pro, forward,
probe; W. praw; Fr. preuve; It. prova; means, as tenets, doctrines or principles.
Sp. prueba ; Russ. proba. See Prove.] and pello, to drive.|
PROP/AGANDISM, n. [See Propagate.] To drive forward ; to urge or press onward
1. Trial; essay; experiment; any effort, The art or practice of propagating tenets
process or operation that ascertains truth by force. The wind or steam propels ships;
or principles. Dwight. balls are propelled by the force of gun-
or fact. Thus the quality of spirit is as- PROPAGAND/‘IST, n. A person who de-
certained by proof; the strength of gun- powder; mill wheels are propelled by
votes himselfto the spread of any system water or steam; the blood is propelled
powder, offire arms and of cannon is de- of principles.
termined by proof; the correctness of op- through the arteries and veins by the ac-
Bonaparte selected a body to compose his
erations in arithmetic is ascertained by Sanhedrim of political propagandists. Walsh. tion of the heart. [This word is commonly
roof. PROPAGATE, »v. t. [L. propago; It. prop- applied to material bodies.|
2. In law and logic, that degree of evidence aggine; G. pfropf, a stopple; pfropfen, to PROPEL’/LED, pp. Driven forward.
which convinces the mind of the certainty thrust, also to graft. See Prop. The PROPEL/LING, ppr. Driving forward.
of truth or fact, and produces _ belief: Latin noun propago, is the English prop, PROPEND,, v. i. [L. propendeo; pro, for-
Proofis derived from personal knowledge, and the termination ago, as in cartilago, ward, and pendeo, to hang.]
or from the testimony of others, or from &e. The sense of the noun is that which To lean towards; to incline ; to be disposed
conclusive reasoning. Proof difters from is set or thrust in.] in favor of any thing. [Luittle wsed.]
demonstration, which is applicable only to 1. To continue or multiply the kind by gen- Shak.
those truths of which the contrary is in- eration or successive production; applied PROPEND/ENCY, x. [L. propendens.|] A
conceivable. to animals and plants ; as, to propagate a leaning towards ; inclination; tendency
This has neither evidence of truth, nor proof breed of horses or sheep ; to propagate any of desire to any thing.
sufficient to give it warrant. Hooker. species of fruit tree. 2. Preconsideration ; attentive deliberation.
[Little used.| Hale.
3. Firmness or hardness that resists impres- 2. To spread; to extend; to impel or con-
sion, or yields not to force; impenetrabil- tinue forward in space; as, to propagate PROPEND/‘ING, ppr. Inclining towards.
ity of physical bodies; as a wall that is of sound or light. PROPENSE, a. propens’. [L. propensus.]
proof against shot. 3. To spread from person to person; to ex- Leaning towards, in a moral sense; in-
See arms of proof. Dryden. tend; to give birth to, or originate and clined ; disposed, either to good or evil;
spread; as, to propagate a story or report. as Women propense to holiness. — Hoover.
4. Firmness of mind; stability not
to be 4. To carry trom place to place; to extend
shaken; as a mind or virtue that is proof} PROPEN’SION, [Fr. propension ; L.
by planung and establishing in places be- PROPENSITY: ¢ ue propensio. |
against the arts of seduction and the as- fore destitute ; as, to propagate the chris- L. Bent of miud, natural or acquired ; incli-
saults of temptation. tian religion.
5. The proof of spirits consists in little bub- 5. To extend; to increase. nation; wz a@ moral sense: disposition to
bles which appear on the top of the liquor any thing good or evil, particularly to
after agitation, called the bead, and by the Griefs of my own lie heavy in my breast, evil; as a propensity to sin; the corrupt
French, chapelet. Hence, Which thou wilt propagate. Shak. propensity of the will. Rogers.
6. The degree of strength in spirit; as high 6. To generate ; to produce. It requires critical nicety to find out the gen-
proof; first proof; second, third or fourth] Superstitious notions, propagated in fancy, ius or propensions of a child. L’ Estrange.
proof: are hardly ever totally eradicated.
Richardson
2. Natural tendency; as the propension of
7. In printing and engraving, a rough im-| bodies to a particular place. Nighy.
pression of a sheet, taken for correction : PROP‘AGATE, v. 7. To have young or is- {In a moral sense, propensity is now chiefly
plu. proofs, uot proves. sue; to be produced or multiplied by gen- used. }
8. Armor sufficiently firm to resist impres- eration, or by new shoots or plants. Wild
sion. [.Vol wsed.] Shak. horses propagate in the forests of S. Amer- PROP’ER, a. [Fr. propre: It. proprio or pro-
ica. pio; Sp. propio; L. proprius, supposed to
Proofis used elliptically for of proof. be allied to prope, near; W. priawd, prop-
I have found thee PROP/AGATED, pp. Continued or multi-
plied by generation or production of the er, appropriate. ]
Proof against all temptation. Milton.
same kind; spread; extended. 1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belong-
It is sometimes followed by to, more
generally by against. ing to a persou or thing; not cominon.
PROPAGATING, ppr. Continuing or mul- That is not proper, which is conimon to
PROOF’LESS, a. Wanting sufficient evi- tiplying the kind by generation or produc- many. Every animal has bis proper in-
dence to induce belief; not proved. tion; spreading and establishing. stincts and inclinations, appetites aud hab-
Boyle. PROPAGA’TION, x. [Fr. from L. propaga- its. Every muscle and vessel of the body
PROP, v. t. [D. Dan. prop, a stopple, Sw. tio.| has its proper office. Every art has its
propp ; G. pfropf, id.; D. proppen: G. 1. The act of propagating ; the continuance proper rules. Creation is the proper work
Pfropfen, to stuff or thrust; Dan. prop- or multiplication of the kind by genera- of an Almighty Being.
 PRO PRO PRG
2, Particularly suited to. Every animal) is the foundation of man’s property in the PROPHECY, 2. (Gr. apopz7ew, from Apo-
lives in his proper element. l earth and in all its productions. Prior gnu, to foretell; apo, before, and @zux, to
3. One’s own. It may be joined with any occupancy of land and of wild animals tell. This ought to be written prophesy. }
possessive pronoun ; as our proper son. gives to the possessor the properly of them. 1. A foretelling; prediction; a declaration
Shak. The labor of inventing, making or produ- of something tocome. As God only knows
Our proper conceptions. Glanville. cing any thing constitutes one of the high- future events with certainty, no being but
Now learn the difference at your proper Biot est and most indefeasible titles to property. God or some person informed by him, can
Property is also acquired by inheritance, utter a real prophecy. The prophecies re-
[Note. Ov is often used in such phrases ; by gift or by purchase. Property is some- corded in Scripture, when fulfilled, afford
“at your own proper cost.” This is really tau- times held in common, yet each man’s most convincing evidence of the divine
tological, but sanctioned by usage, and expres-
right to his share in common land or original of the Scriptures, as those who
sive of emphasis. ]
stock is exclusively his own. One man uttered the prophecies could not have fore-
4, Noting an individual; pertaining to one) may have the property of the soil, and an- known the events predicted without su-
of a species, but not common to the other the right of use, by prescription or pernatural instruction. 2 Pet. i.
whole; as a proper name. Dublin is the} by purchase. . In Scripture, a book of prophecies ; a his-
proper name of a city. 5. Possession held in one’s own right. tory ; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chron.
5. Fit; suitable; adapted; accommodated. Dryden. ix
A thin dress is not proper for clothing in al 6. The thing owned; that to which a per- |3. Preaching; public interpretation of Serip-
cold climate. Stimulants are proper rem- son has the legal title, whether in bis pos- ture ; exhertation or instruction. Prov.
edies for debility. Gravity of manners is session or not. It is one of the greatest XXxi.
very proper for persons of advanced age. blessings of civil society that the property PROPH’ESIED, pp. Foretold; predicted.
In Athens, all was pleasure, mirth and play, ofcitizens is well secured. PROPH'ESIER, n. One who predicts
All proper to the spring and sprightly May. events.
Dryden. 7. An estate, whether in lands, goods or
PROPHESY, v. t. To foretell future events ;
6. Correct; just; asa proper word ; a proper, money ; as a map of large property or small to predict.
expression. property.
I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good
7. Not figurative. Burnet. 8. An estate; a farm; a plantation. In this conceming me, but evil. 1 Kings xxii.
8. Well formed; handsome. sense, which is common in the United 2. To foreshow. [Little used.| Shak.
Moses was a proper child. Heb. xi. States and in the West Indies, the word PROPHESY, v. 7. To utter predictions ; to
ive). Tall; lusty; handsome with bulk. [Low has a plural. make declaration of events to come. Jer.
and not used.} Shak.) The still-houses on the sugar plantations, vary Xi.
10. In vulgar language, very ;as proper good ; in size, according to the fancy of the proprietor 2. In Scripture, to preach; to instruct in re-
proper sweet. [This is very improper, as or the magnitude of the property. ligious doctrines ; to interpret or explain
well as vulgar.] | Edwards, W. Indies.
Scripture or religious subjects ; to exhort.
Proper receptacle, in botany, that which sup- I shall confine myself to such properties as 1 Cor. xiii. Ezek. xxxvii.
ports only a single flower or fructification; fall within the reach of daily observation. 2b. PROPH/ESYING, ppr. Foretelling events.
proper perianth or involucre, that which in- 9. Nearness or right. PROPH’ESYING, n. The act of foretelling
closes only a single flower ; proper flower, Here I disclaim all my paternal care, or of preaching.
or corol, one of the single florets or corol-| Propinquity and property of blood. Shak. PROPHET, n. [Gr. xpopyzns; L. propheta;
lets in an aggregate or compound flower ; 10. Something useful; an appendage ; a the- Fr. prophete.]
proper nectary, separate from the petals atrical term. 1. One that foretells future events; a pre-
and other parts of the flower. Martyn. I will draw a bill of properties. Shak. dicter ; a foreteller.
PROPERLY, adv. Fitly; suitably; in a High pomp and state are useful properties. 2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspir-
proper manner; as a word properly ap- Dryden. ed or instructed by Ged to announce fu-
plied; a dress properly adjusted. 11. Propriety. [.Vot in use.] Camden.| ture events; as Moses, Elijah, David,
2. In a strict sense. Literary property, the exclusive right of Isaiah, &c.
The miseries of life are not properly owing printing, publishing and making profit by 3. Aninterpreter; one that explains or com-
to the unequal distribution of things. Swift. one’s own writings. No right or title to mubicates sentiments. Ex. vii.
PROP’ERNESS, n. The quality of being a thing can be so perfect as that which is 4. One who pretends to foretell ; an impos-
proper. [Little used.] created by a man’s own labor and inven- ter; asa false prophet. Acts xiii.
2. Tallness. [Not in use.] tion. The exclusive right of a man to his School of the prophets, among the Israelites,
3. Perfect form; handsomeness. literary productions, and to the use of ‘| aschool or college in which young men
PROPERTY, n. [This seems to be formed them for his own profit, is entire and per- | were educated and qualified for public
directly from proper ; if not, it is contract-, fect, as the faculties employed and labor || teachers. These students were called sons
ed. The Latin is proprietas, Fr. proprieté, bestowed are entirely and perfectly his || of the prophets.
from which we have propriety.| own. On what principle then can a legis- ||PROPH/ETESS, x. A female prophet; a
. A peculiar quality of any thing; that) lature or a court determine that an author woman who foretells future events, as
which is inherent in a subject, or natural- can enjoy only a temporary property in his Miriam, Huldah, Anna, &c. Ex. xv.
ly essential to it; called by logicians an} own productions? Ifa man’s right to his | Judg. iv. Luke ii.
essential mode. Thus color is a property own productions in writing is as perfect as |PROPHETI€, 2 Containing prophe-
of light; extension and figure are proper- to the productions of his farm or his shop, PROPHETIEAL, §“ cy; foretelling fu-
ties of bodies. how can the former be abridged or limit- ture events ; as prophetic writings.
) . An acquired or artificial quality; that ed, while the latter is held without limita- 2. Unfolding future events; as prophetic
which is given by art or bestowed by man.| tion? Why do the productions of manual dreams.
The poem has the properties which con-) labor rank higher in the scale of rights or } It has of before the thing foretold.
stitute excellence. pro perty, than the productions of the intel- And fears are oft prophetic of th’ event.
id Quality ; disposition. Dryden.
lect!q |

Itis the property of an old sinner to find de- PROP‘ERTY, v. t. To invest with qualities, PROPHET’ICALLY, adv. By way of pre-
|

light in reviewing his own villainies in others. | diction ; in the manner of prophecy.
or to take as one’s own; to appropriate. den.
South.
[An awkward word and not used.| Shak. |PROPHETIZE, v. i. To give prediction.
— . The exclusive right of possessing, enjoy-
ing and disposing of a thing ; ownersbip. PROPHANE. [See Profane.] | [.Mot used.]
In the beginning of the world, the Creator PRO’PHASIS, n. [Gr. zpopacts, from mpo- |PROPHYLA€’TIE€, [Gr. xpopvaax- ©
gave to man dominion over the earth, | ue, to foretell.] |PROPHYLA€’TIECAL, ba. ttxos, from 7po-
over the fish of the sea and the fowls of] In medicine, prognosis; foreknowledge of a gvAacow, to prevent, to guard against; po
the air, and over every living thing. This disease. and vaccow, to preserve.]
 EP
Pm
=
PRO PRO PRO
erevices
in their hives to prevent the en-jj and second is to the difference of the third
tranceof cold air, &c. Pliny represents) and fourth. Thus, 24. 16. 12. 9. are har-
PROPHYLA€'TI€,
jefendsn. A medicine
against disease; whi itas the third coat; the first he calls com-| monical,
for 24:9::8:3. Encye.
a) mosis; the second pissoceros; the third.) .4rithmetical and geometrical proportion. [See
enti a Care. more solid than the others, he calls po-|| Progression, No. 4.] f
PROPINA‘TION, 2. [L. propinatio, pro-|) lis. Plin. Nat. Hist.: Reciprocal ion, an equality betweena
3 Foie.
giao i ip-
in their descriptions ofit. LIS eM
ROPO'NENT, n. [L. proponens ;pro and PROPORTION, v. &. To adjust the com-
| pone, to place.] parative relation of one thing or ene part
cup to another. [ot used.] \One that makes a proposal, or lays downa) to another; as, to ptipattian tie ——— a
2. Toexpose. [Not used] _ hb che y : Dryden. building to its highth, or the thickness of
PROPIN’ , 2. [L. propinguitas, from OPORTION, n. [L. 10 5 and) a thing to its length; to proportion our ex-
propinguus, hear. portio, part or share. See = penditures to our income.
1. Nearness in place; neighborhood. -Ray.\1. The comparative relation of any one thing In the loss of an object. we do not propor-
2. Nearness in time. -| to another. Leta man’s exertions be inj ‘ton our grief to its real value, but to the value
3. Nearness of blood ; kindred. Shak.) proportion to his strength. our fancies set upon it. Addison.
PROPI"TIABLE, a. [See Propitiaiz.] That The identity or similitude of two ratios./2- To form with symmetry or suitableness.
may be mduced to favor, er that may be Proportion differs from ratio. Ratiois the! = the parts of the body.
made propitious. relation which determines the quantity of PROPORTIONABLE, a. That may be pro-
PROPI’TIATE, vc. i. [L. propiito. Qu. pro,| one thing from the quantity of another, portioned or made proportional. ‘Phis is
and the root of L. pte, Eng. pity.] | without the intervention of a third. Thus) the true sense of the word ; butit is erro-
Te conciliate ;to appease one offended = the ratio of 5and 10 is 2; the ratio of 8) neously used in the sense of proportional.
render him favorable ; to make propitious. and 16 is2. Proportion is the sameness or| being im proportion; having a due com-
Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage. | likeness of two such relations. Thus 5 ad parative relation ; as infantry with a pro-
The god propitiate and the pest assuage. || to 10,as8 to 16, or Ais to B, asC is toD;|__portionable
number of horse. ;
Pope. that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10, as)PROPORTIONABLY, adr. According to
PROPI'’TIATED, pp. Appeased and ren-| 8 doesto 16. Hence we say, such num-| preportion or comparative relation; as 2
dered favorable: conciliated. || bers are in proportion. Encyc.||_ large body, with limbs proportionably large.
PROPI’TIATING, ppr. Conciliating: ap- _Proportion, in mathematics, an equality PROPORTION AE, «fit properzemilc;
peasing the wrath of and rendering favor-| of ratios. Day._ Fr. “5 7 : t
able. ~ i The term proportion is sometimes im-|Having a due comparative relation; being
PROPITIATION, n. propisia’shon. r.;| properly used for ratio. The ratio be-| im suitable proportion or degree: as, the
from propitiate.] Ur. 5 tween two quantities, is expressed by the, parts of an bene ry Proportional. In
1. The act of appeasing wrath and concilia-|) quotient of one divided by the other: thus, pharmacy, medicines are compounded of
ting the favor of an offended person: the ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio ofj| Certain proportional quantitiesof ingredi-
act of making propitious. 16 to 8 is 2. These two equal ratios cng = The velocity of a_ moving body is
2. In theology, the atonement or atoning| stitutea proportion, whichisexpressed by| proportional to the impelling force, when
Sacrifice offered to God to assuage his| saying. 10 isto 5 as 16 is to 8: or more] the quantity of matter is given; its mo-
wrath and
peperender him propitious to sin-| concisely, 10:5::16:8 [See Rati.] mentum is proportional to the quantity of
tiation for the) i : _ D. Olmsted, ‘matter it contains, when its velocity is
sinsofmen. Rom.in. | Johni. In anithmeiic, a rule by which, when three) given. ‘ ay
PROPITIA’TOR, n. One who propitiates. — Sad a = fourth —- Se pore
ae bestest Bs bideae,
Sherwood.|, found, whic ars the same relation to) 3 > s
PROPI’TIATORY, a. Having the power, tbe third as the second does to the first; denote the same as the weight of an atom
to make propitious: as a ity sac- or a fourth number is found, bearing the) or 2 prime. [See Prime.] =
Tifice. same relation to the second as the first)mec.
Proportionals,
2 in geometry, areE quantities,
PROPI’TIATORY, x. Among the Jews,| does to the third. The former is either linear or numeral, which bear the
the mercy-seat; the lid or cover of the) direct, and the latter, inverse proportion. same ratio or relation to each other.
ark of thecovenant, lined within
and with-|4- Symmetry: suitable adaptation of one) ae Encye.
out with plates of gold. This was a type|) P@rt or thing toanother; as the proportis ‘PROPORTIONAL’ ITY, x. The quality of
of Christ. Encyc. of one limb to another in the human body 7 being in proportion. Grew.
PROPI”TIOUS, a. [L. propitius.] Favora-| the proportion of the length and breadth PROPORTIONALLY, ade. In proportion;
ble; kind: applied to men. | ofa om to its ——— in due degrees with a eran a
2. Disposed to be jous or merciful; Harmony,with every grace, relation;as all partsof a building being
ready to forgive EF ana bestow bless- Plays in the fair proportions Se ns. __ proportionally large. ’
ings ;appliedto God. Es al : : te te|P ROPORTIONATE, a. Adjusted to some-
3. Favorable;
as a propitious season. » Equal or just share ; as, toascertain the] jhine else aceording toa certain rate or
PROPI'TIOUSLY, adr. Favorably; kind- proportion pelheres ae each partner comparative relation; proportional.
ly. Roscommon. ror pes ad "lLatileea Shoes The connection between the end and means
PROPI''TIOUSNESS, n. Kindness; dis- prea eaa tekinese mee ad "imeaos of, Proportionate. Gree.
Seep
tr) Sas
ve. another Kindly ;disposi-” the same kind. by- which their : several )| Sn
transgression. ee Locke.
2. the
Favorableness; as the propitioumess
season or climate.
of) oer ene Gad dimisuon, asEin're |PROPORTIONATE,
Temple. ducing and enlarging figures.
r. t. To proportion :
to make proportional ; to adjust according
PRO’PLASM, n. (Gr. po and macya, a de- [This more properly belongs to rafal] | to a settled rate or to due comparative re-
vice.| A mold; a matrix. Woodward. Harmonical or musical proportion, is when, lation; as, to proportionate punishments
PROPLAS TICE, n. [supra.] The art of) of three numbers, the first is to the third}, t© crimes. [This verb is less used than
making molds for castings. as the difference of the frst and second to) propertion.| _ :
PROPOLIS, n. [Gr. before the city, orthe| the difference of the second and third|/PROPORTIONATELY, ade. With due
front of the city-] Thus 2. 3. 6 are in harmonical propor-| proportion ; according to a settled or suit-
A thick odorous substance having some re-) tion; for 2is to6 as 1103. So also four| ble rate or degree. Pearson.
semblance to wax and smelling like sto-') numbers are harmonical, when the first is, PROPORTIONATENESS, n. The state
Tax ;used by bees to stop the holes and! to thefourth, as the difference of the first! of being adjusted by due or settled pro-
Vol. IL. 45
 PRO PRO PRO

2. Particularly suited to. Every animal is the foundation of man’s property in the PROPHECY, 2x. [Gr. xpopyrew, from Apo-
lives in his proper element. earth and in all its productions. Prior onus, to foretell; apo, before, and due, to
occupancy of land and of wild animals tell. This ought to be written prophesy. }
3. One’s own. It may be joined with any
possessive pronoun ; as our proper son. gives to the possessor the properly of them. 16 A foretelling; prediction; a declaration
Shak. The labor of inventing, making or produ- of something to come. As God only knows
Our proper conceptions. Glanville. cing any thing constitutes one of the high- future events with certainty, no being but
Now learn the difference at your proper Fat est and most indefeasible titles to property. God or some person informed by him, can
Property is also acquired by inheritance, utter a real prophecy. The prophecies re-
[Nore. Own is often used in such phrases ; by gift or by purchase. Property is some- corded in Seripture, when fulfilled, afford
“at your own proper cost.” This is really tau- times held in common, yet each man’s most convincing evidence of the divine
tological, but sanctioned by usage, and expres- right to his share in common land or original of the Scriptures, as those who
sive of emphasis. ] stock is exclusively his own. One man uttered the prophecies could not have fore-
. Noting an individual; pertaining to one, may have the property of the soil, and an- known the events predicted without su-
of a species, but not common to the other the right of use, by prescription or pernatural instruction. 2 Pet. i.
whole; as a propername. Dublin is the) by purchase. . In Scripture, a book of prophecies ; a his-
proper name of a city. 5. Possession held in one’s own right. tory ; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chron.
5. Fit; suitable; adapted; accommodated. Dryden. ix.
A thin dress is not proper for clothing in a 6. The thing owned ; that to which a per- Preaching; public interpretation of Serip-
cold climate. Stimulants are proper rem-) son has the legal title, whether in his pos- ture; exhertation or instruction. Proy.
edies for debility. Gravity of manners is) session or not. It is one of the greatest XXxXi.
very proper for persons of advanced age. blessings of civil society that the property PROPH’ESIED, pp. Foretold; predicted.
In Athens, all was pleasure, mirth and play, of citizens is well secured. PROPHESIER, n. One who predicts
All proper to the spring and sprightly May. events.
Dryden. 7. An estate, whether in lands, goods or PROPHESY, v. ¢. To foretell future events ;
Correct; just; asa proper word; a proper money ; as a man oflarge property or small
property. to predict.
expression. I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good
Not figurative. Burnet. 8. An estate ; a farm; a plantation. In this concerning me, but evil. 1 Kings xxii.
Well formed ; handsome. sense, which is common in the United 2. To foreshow. [Little used.] Shak.
Moses was a proper child. Heb. xi. States and in the West Indies, the word PROPHESY, v. i. To utter predictions ; to
Os
2 Tall; lusty; handsome with bulk. [Low has a plural. make declaration of events to come. Jer.
and not used.| Shak.) The still-houses on the sugar plantations, vary xi.
10. In vulgar language, very ;as proper good 5 in size, according to the fancy of the proprietor 2. In Scripture, to preach ; to instruct in re-
proper sweet. [This is very improper, as or the magnitude of the property. ligious doctrines ; to interpret or explain
well as vulgar.] | Edwards, W. Indies. Scripture or religious subjects ;to exhort.
Proper receptacle, in botany, that which sup- I shall confine myself to such properties as 1 Cor. xiii. Ezek. xxxvii.
ports only a single flower or fructification ; fall within the reach of daily observation. ib. PROPH/ESYING, ppr. Foretelling events.
proper perianth or involucre, that which in- 9, Nearness or right. PROPH’ESYING, n. The act of foretelling
closes only a single flower ; proper flower, Here J disclaim all my paternal care, or of preaching.
or corol, one of the single florets or corol- Propinquity and property of blood. Shak. PROPHET, n. [Gr. xpopyzns; Li. propheta ;
lets in an aggregate or compound flower ; 10. Something useful; an appendage ; a the- Fr. prophete.]
proper nectary, separate from the petals) atrical term. 1. One that foretells future events; a pre-
and other parts of the flower. Martyn. I will draw a bill of properties. Shak. dicter ; a foreteller.
PROPERLY, adv. Fitly; suitably; in a High pomp and state are useful properties. 2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspir-
proper manner; as a word properly ap- Dryden. ed or instructed by God to announce fu-
plied; a dress properly adjusted. 1l. Propriety. [Mot in use.] Camden. ture events; as Moses, Elijah, David,
2 In a strict sense. Literary property, the exclusive right of Isaiah, &c.
The miseries of life are not properly owing printing, publishing and making profit by 3. Aninterpreter; one that explains or com-
to the unequal distribution of things. Swift. one’s own writings. No right or title to mupicates sentiments. Ex. vii.
PROP’ERNESS, x. The quality of being a thing can be so perfect as that which is 4. One who pretends to foretell ;an impos-
proper. [Little used.] created by a man’s own labor and inven-} ter; asa false prophet. Acts xiii.
2. Tallness. [Vot in use.] tion. The exclusive right of aman to his| School of the prophets, among the Israelites,
3. Perfect form; handsomeness. literary productions, and to the use of) a school or college in which young men
PROPERTY, n. [This seems to be formed them for his own profit, is entire and per-| were educated and qualified for public
directly from proper ; if not, it is contract- fect, as the faculties employed and labor teachers. These studeuts were called sons
ed. The Latin is proprietas, Fr. proprieté, bestowed are entirely and perfectly his of the prophets.
from which we have propriety.] own. On what principle then can a legis-| PROPH/ETESS, x. A female prophet; a
. A peculiar quality of any thing; that lature or a court determine that an author woman who foretells future events, as
which is inherent in a subject, or natural- can enjoy only a temporary property in his Miriam, Huldah, Anna, &c. Ex. xv.
ly essential to it; called by logicians an) own productions? If a man’s right to his Judg. iv. Luke ii.
essential mode. Thus color is a property own productions in writing is as perfect as) PROPHET‘'I€, Containing prophe-
of light; extension and figure are proper- to the productions of his farm or his shop, PROPHETIE€AL, §™ cy; foretelling fu-
ties of bodies. how can the former be abridged or limit- ture events 3;as prophetic writings.
wo An acquired or artificial quality; that ed, while the latter is held without limita- 2. Unfolding future events; as prophetic
which is given by art or bestowed by man. tion? Why do the productions of manual dreams.
The poem has the properties which con- labor rank higher in the scale of rights or It has of before the thing foretold.
And fears are oft prophetic of th’ event.
stitute excellence. property, than the productions of the intel- Dryden.
Quality ; disposition. lect 2 PROPHET’ICALLY, adv. By way of pre-
It is the property of an old sinner to find de- PROP’ERTY, v. t. To invest with qualities,|
light in reviewing his own villainies in others. diction; in the manner of prophecy.
or to take as one’s own; to appropriate. den.
South.
[An awkward word and not used.) Shak. PROPH'ETIZE, v. 7. To give prediction.
— The exclusive right of possessing, enjoy-
ing and disposing of a thing ; ownership. PROPHANE. [See Profane.] [.Vot used.]
In the beginning of the world, the Creator PRO/PHASIS, n. [Gr. xpopaces, from mpo- |PROPHYLAC’TIE€, [Gr. mpopvrax-
gave to man dominion over the earth, gnut, to foretell.] ||PROPHYLA€’TI€AL, }@ cexos, from mpo-
over the fish of the sea and the fowls of' In medicine, prognosis; foreknowledge of a qvdacsw, to prevent, to guard against; po
the air, and over eyery living thing. This'| disease. and pvaacow, to preserve. ]
 PRO PRO PRO
In medicine, preventive ; defending from dis- crevices in their hives to prevent the en- and second is to the difference of the third
ease. Core. trance of cold air, &c. Pliny represents and fourth. Thus, 24. 16. 12. 9. are har-
PROPHYLA€'TI€, x. A medicine which it as the third coat; the first he calls com- monical, for 24:9::8:3. Encye.
preserves or defends against disease; a mosis; the second pissoceros; the third, Arithmetical and geometrical proportion. [See
preventive. Ar Coxe. more solid than the others, he calls propo- Progression, No. 4.]
PROPINA’TION, x. [L. propinato, pro- lis. Plin. Nat. Hist. Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a
pino; Gr. apo and xa, to drink.] This account of the propolis may not direct and a reciprocal ratio. Thus, 4:
The act of pledging, or drinking first and be perfectly correct, as authors do not 2::4:4. [See Reciprocals, and Recip-
then offering the cup to another. Potter. agree in their descriptions ofit. rocal ratio.
PROPINE, v. t. [L. propino, supra.| To PROPO'NENT, n. [L. proponens ; pro and PROPORTION, v. t. To adjust the com-
pledge; to drink first and then offer the pono, to place.]
parative relation of one thing or one part
cup to another. [.Vot used.] One that makes a proposal, or lays down a to another; as, to proportion the size of a
2. To expose. [Mot used} proposition. Dryden. building to its highth, or the thickness of
PROPIN’QUITY, n. [L. propinguitas, from PROPORTION, n. [L. proportio; pro and a thing to its length; to proportion our ex-
propinquus, near.| portio, part or share. See Portion | penditures to our income.
1. Nearness in place; neighborhood. Ray. 1. The comparative relation of any one thing _In the loss of an object, we do not propor-
2. Nearness in time. Brown. to another. Leta man’s exertions be in tion our grief to its real value, but to the value
8. Nearness of blood ; kindred. Shak. proportion to his strength. our fancies set upon it. Addison.
PROPI”’TIABLE, a. [See Propitiate.] That 2. The identity or similitude of two ratios. 2. To form with symmetry or suitableness.
may be induced to favor, or that may be Proportion differs from ratio. Ratio is the}! as the parts of the body.
made propitious. relation which determines the quantity of} PROPORTIONABLE, a. That may be pro-
PROPI’TIATE, v. ¢. [L. propitio. Qu. pro, one thing from the quantity of another, portioned or made proportional. This is
and the root of L. pio, Eng. pity.] without the intervention of a third. Thus the true sense of the word; but it is erro-
To conciliate ;to appease one offended and the ratio of 5and 10 is 2; the ratio of 8 neously used in the sense of proportional.
render him favorable ; to make propitious. and 16 is2. Proportion is the sameness or being in proportion ; having a due com-
Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, likeness of two such relations. Thus 5 is parative relation ; as infantry with a pro-
The god propitiate and the pest assuage. to 10,as8 to 16, or Ais to B, asC is toD; portionable number of horse.
Pope. that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10, as PROPORTIONABLY, adv. According to
PROPI'’TIATED, pp. Appeased and ren- 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such num- proportion or comparative relation; as a
dered favorable ; conciliated. bers are in proportion. Encyc. large body, with limbs proportionably large.
PROPI'’TIATING, ppr. Conciliating ; ap- Proportion, in mathematics, an equality PROPORTIONAL, a. [It. proporzionale ;
peasing the wrath of and rendering favor- of ratios. Day. Fr. proportionnel.|
able. The term proportion is sometimes im- Having a due comparative relation ;being
PROPITIATION, n. propisia’shon. [Fr.; properly used for ratio. The ratio be- in suitable proportion or degree; as, the
from propitiate. | tween two quantities, is expressed by the parts of an edifice are proportional. In
1. The act of appeasing wrath and concilia- quotient of one divided by the other: thus, pharmacy, medicines are compounded of
ting the favor of an offended person; the the ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio of| certaib proportional quantities of ingredi-
act of making propitious. 16 to 8 is 2. These two equal ratios con- ents. The velocity of a moving body is
2. In theology, the atonement or atoning stitute a proportion, which is expressed by proportional to the impelling force, when
sacrifice offered to God to assuage his saying, 10 is to 5 as 16 is to 8; or more the quantity of matter is given; its mo-
wrath and render him propitious to sin- concisely, 10:5::16:8. [See Ratio.] mentum is proportional to the quantity of
ners. Christ is the propitiation for the D. Olinsted. matter it contains, when its velocity is
sins of men. Rom. iii. 1 John ii. 3. In arithmetic, a rule by which, when three given.
PROPITIA‘TOR, n. One who propitiates. numbers are given, a fourth number is Proportional, in chimistry, a term employ-
Sherwood. found, which bears the same relation to ed in the theory of definite proportions, to
PROPI’TIATORY, a. Having the power the third as the second does to the first; denote the same as the weight of an atom
to make propitious; as a propitiatory sac- or a fourth number is found, bearing the ora prime. [See Prime.]
rifice. Stillingfleet. same relation to the second as the first Proportionals, in geometry, are quantities,
PROPI’TIATORY, nx. Among the Jews, does to the third. The former is called either linear or numeral, which bear the
the mercy-seat; the lid or cover of the direct, and the latter, inverse proportion. same ratio or relation to each other.
ark of the covenant, lined within and with- 4. Symmetry; suitable adaptation of one Encye.
out with plates of gold. This was a type part or thing to another; as the proportion PROPORTIONAL 'TY, n. The quality of
of Christ. Encye. of one limb to another in the human body; being in proportion. Grew.
PROPI’TIOUS, a. [L. propitius.] Favora- the proportion of the length and breadth PROPORTIONALLY, adv. In proportion;
ble; kind; applied to men. ofa room to its highth. in due degree ; with suitable comparative
2.we Disposed to be gracious or merciful; Harmony, with every grace, relation; as all parts of a building being
ready to forgive sins and bestow bless- Plays in the fair proportions of her face. proportionally large.
ings ; applied to God. Mrs. Carter.
3. Favorable; as a propitious season. 5. Equal or just share ; as, to ascertain the PROPORTIONATE, a. Adjusted to some-
thing else according to a certain rate or
PROPI’TIOUSLY, adv. Favorably ; kind- proportion of profit to which each partner comparative relation ; proportional.
ly. Roscommon. in a company is entitled.
6. Form; size. [Little used.] Davies. The connection between the end and means
PROPI’TIOUSNESS, n. Kindness; dis-
position to treat another kindly; disposi- 7. The relation between unequal things of] is proportionate. Grew.
the same kind, by which their several parts Punishment should be proportionate to the
tion to forgive. transgression, Locke.
2. Favorableness; as the propitiousness of correspond to each other with an equal
the season or climate. Temple. augmentation and diminution, as in re- PROPORTIONATE, v. t. To proportion ;
ducing and enlarging figures. Encye. to make proportional ; to adjust according
PRO/PLASM, a. [Gr. xpo and miasua, a de- [This more properly belongs to rik, to a settled rate or to due comparative re-
vice.]_ A mold; a matrix. Woodward. Harmonical or musical proportion, is when, lation; as, to proportionate punisliments
PROPLAS’TICE, n. [supra.] The art of of three numbers, the first is to the third to crimes. [This verb is less used than
making molds for castings. as the difference of the first and second to roportion. |
PRO’POLIS, n. [Gr. before the city, or the the difference of the second and _ third. PROPORTIONATELY, adv. With due
front of the city.] Thus 2. 3. 6. are in harmonical propor- proportion ; according to a settled or suit-
A thick odorous substance having some re- tion; for 2is to6as1to3. So also four able rate or degree. Pearson.
semblance to wax and smelling like sto- numbers are harmonical, when the first is PROPORTIONATENESS, nx. The state
rax ; used by bees to stop the holes and to the fourth, as the difference of the first of being adjusted by due or settled pro-
Vol. I. 49
 PRO PRO PRO
portion or comparative relation; suita- PROPOSITIONAL, a. Pertaining to a ton, Dryden, &c. seems now to be nearly
bleness of proportions. Hale. proposition ;considered as a proposition; or wholly obsolete. See Property.)
PROPORTIONED, pp. Made or adjusted as a propositional sense. Watts. w Fitmess ; suitableness ; appropriateness ;
with due proportion or with symmetry of PROPOUND,, »v. t. [L. propono; pro and consonance with established principles,
arts. pono, to set, put or place.| rules or customs ; justness; accuracy.
PROPORTIONING, ppr. Making propor- 1. To propose ; to offer for consideration; Propriety of conduct, in a moral sense,
tional. as, to propound a rule of action. Wotton. consists in its conformity to the moral
PROPORTIONLESS, a. Without propor- The existence of the church hath been pro- law ; propriety of behavior, consists in con-
tion; without symmetry of parts. pounded as an object of faith. Pearson. formity to the established rules of deco-
PROPOSAL, n. 5 as > [from propose.| 2. To offer; to exhibit; to propose; as, to rum ; propriety in language, is correctness
1. That which is offered or propounded for propound a question. Shak. in the use of words and phrases, accord-
consideration or acceptance ; a scheme or 3. In congregational churches, to propose or ing to established usage, which constitutes
design, terms or conditions proposed ; as, name as a candidate for admission to com- the rule of speaking and writing.
to make proposals for a treaty of peace; munion with achurch. Persons intend- 3. Proper state. Shak.
to offer proposals for erecting a building; ing to make public profession of their PROPT. [See Propped.]
to make proposals of marriage ; proposals faith, and thus unite with the church, are PROPUGN, v. t. propu'ne. [L. propugno ;
for subscription to a loan or to a literary propounded before the church and congre- pro and pugno, to fight.]
work. gation; that is, their intention is notified To contend for; to defend; to vindicate.
2 . Offer to the mind; as the proposal of an some days previous, for the purpose of| [Little used.) Hammond.
agreeable object. South. giving opportunity to members of the PROPUG’NA€LE, n. [L. propugnaculum.}
PROPO’SE, v. t. sas z. [Fr. proposer; L. church to object to their admission to A fortress. [Not used.] lowell.
propono, proposui; W. posiaw, to pose,| such communion, if they see cause. PROPUGNA’TION, n. [L. propugnatio.]
that is, to set; literally to put or throw) PROPOUND’‘ED, pp. Proposed; offered Defense. [/Vot used.] Shak.
forward. ] for consideration. PROPUGNER, n. propu'ner. A defender;
1. To offer for consideration, discussion, ac- PROPOUND’ER, n. One that proposes or a vindicator.
ceptance or adoption ; as, to propose a bill offers for consideration. PROPULSA’TION, n. [L. propulsatio, pro-
or resolve to alegislative body ; to propose PROPOUND/ING, ppr. Proposing ;_ offer- pulso. See Propel.|
terms of peace; to propose a question or ing for consideration. The act of driving away or repelling ; the
subject for discussion ; to propose an alli- PROP’PED, pp. [from prop.] Supported; keeping at a distance. Hall.
ance by treaty or marriage ; to propose al- sustained by something placed under. PROPULSE, v. t. propuls’. [L. propulso:
terations or amendments in a law. PROP’PING, ppr. Supporting by some- pro aid pulso, to strike. See Propel.)
9, To offer or present for consideration. thing beneath. To repel; to drive off [Little used.]
In learning any thing, as little as possible PROPRE/FECT, n. Among the Romans, a Cotgrave.
should be proposed to the mind at first. Watts. prefect’s lieutenant commissioned to do a PROPULSION, n. [L. propulsus, propello.
To propose to one’s self, to intend; to de-)| part of the duty of the prefect. Encye. See Propel.| The act of driving forward.
sign; to form a design in the mind. PROPRE’TOR, n. [L. propretor.) Among Bacon.
PROPO’SE, v. 7. To lay schemes. [.Vot in|! the Romans, a magistrate who, having d Pro rata, [L.] in proportion.
use. | Shak.| charged the office of pretor at home, was PRORE, n. [L. prora.]| The prow or fore
[Propose is often used for purpose ; as, I sent into a province to command there partof aship. [Not in use, except in poe-
propose to ride to New York to-morrow.) with his former pretorial authority ; also,| try.] Pope.
Purpose and propose are different forms of, an officer sent extraordinarily into the) Pro re nata, {l..] according to exigences or
the same word. | provinces to administer justice with the eircumstances,
PROPO'SED, pp. Offered or presented for authority of pretor. Encye. PROROGA’TION, n. [L. prorogatio. See
consideration, discussion, acceptance or PROPRVETARY, n. |Fr. proprietaire, from Prorogue.|
adoption. proprieteé.| }. Continuance in time or duration; a
PROPO'SER, n. One that offers any thing 1. A proprietor or owner; one who has the lengthening or prolongation of time; as
for consideration or adoption. Locke. exclusive title to a thing; one who pos- the prorogation of something already pos-
PROPOSING, ppr. Offering for consider- sesses or holds the title to a thing in his sessed. [This use is uncommon.] South.
ation, acceptance or adoption. own right. The grantees of Pennsylva- 2. In England, the continuance of parlia-
PROPOSITION, n. s as z (Fr. from L. nia and Maryland and their heirs were ment from one session to another, as an
propositio, from propositus, propono. | called the proprictaries of those provinces. adjournment is a continuance of the ses-
1. That which is proposed; that which is 2. In monasteries, such monks were called sion from day to day. This is the estab-
offered for consideration, acceptance or proprietaries, as had reserved goods and lished language with respect to the par-
adoption; a proposal; offer of terms. effects to themselves, notwithstanding liament of Great Britain. In the United
The enemy made propositions of peace; their renunciation of all at the time of States, the word is, [ believe, rarely or
the propositions were not accepted. | their profession. Encye. never used ; adjournment being used not
2. In logic, one of the three parts of a regu- |PROPRVETARY, a. Belonging to a pro- only in its etymological sense, but for pro-
lar argument; the part of an argument in| prietor or owner, orto a proprietary. The rogation also.
which some quality, negative or positive, governments of Pennsylvania and Mary- \PRORGGUE, v. t. prorég. {Fr. proroger;
is attributed to a subjeet; as, “snow is) land were formerly proprietary. L. prorogo ;pro and rogo. The latter word
white ;” “water is fluid;” “vice is not PROPRI'ETOR, n. [from L. proprietas, signifies to ask, or to propose; but the
commendable.” proprius. | primary sense is to reach, to stretch for-
3. In mathematics, a statement in terms of An owner; the person who has the legal ward 3 and this is its import in the deriva-
either a truth to be demonstrated, or an right or exclusive title to any thing tive prorogo.}
operation to be performed. It is called a whether in possession or not; as the pro- = To protract; to prolong.
theorem, wlien it is something to be prov- prietor of a farm or of a mill. By the gift He prorogued his government. Dryden.
ed; anda problem, when it is something of God, man is constituted the proprietor of 2 . To defer; to delay; as, to prorogue death,
to be done. D. Olmsted. the earth. Shak.
4. In oratory, that which is offered or affirm- PROPRIVETRESS, n. A female who has [In the foregoing senses, the word is now
ed as the subject of the discourse; any the exclusive legal right to a thing. rarely used.|
thing stated or aflirmed for discussion or BP Estrange.|\: To continue the parliament from one
illustration. PROPRIJETY, n. [Fr. proprieté ; L. proprie- session to another. Parliament is pro-
5. In poetry, the first part of apoem, in which tas, from proprius.] ., rogued by the king’s authority, either by
the author states the subject or matter of 1. Property ; peculiar or exclusive right of the lord chancellor in his majesty’s pres-
it. Horace recommends modesty and possession; ownership. [This primary ence, or by commission, or by proclama-
simplicity in the proposition of apoem. sense of the word, as used by Locke, Mil- tion. Blackstone.
 PRO
PRORUP’TION, n. [L. proruptus, prorum-
po; pro and rumpo, to burst.)
The act of bursting forth ; a bursting out.
Brown.
PROSA‘T€, a. s as z. [L. prosaicus, trom
prosa, prose ; Fr. prosaique.]
Pertaining to prose; resembling prose; not
restricted by numbers ; applied to writings ;
as a prosaic composition.
PRO/SAL, a. Prosaic. [ot used.]
Brown.
PROSERIBE, v. t. [L. proscribo ; pro and
scribo, to write. The sense of this word
originated in the Roman practice of wri-
ting the names of persons doomed to
death, and posting the list in public.]
1. To doom to destruction; to put one out
of the protection of law, and promise a re-
ward for his head. Syila and Marius pro-
scribed each other’s adherents.
2. To put out of the protection of the law.
Robert Vere, earl of Oxford, was banished}
the realm and proscribed. Spenser.|
3. To denounce and condemn as dangerous)
and not worthy of reception ; to reject ut-
terly.
In the year 325, the Arian doctrines were
proscribed and anathematized by the council af
Nice. Waterland.,
4. To censure and condemn as utterly un-|
worthy of reception. soil
5. To interdict; as, to proscribe the use of
ardent spirits.
PROSERI/BED, pp. Doomed to destruc-
tion; denounced as dangerous, or as un-
worthy of reception; condemned; ban-
ished.
PROSERI'BER, n. One that dooms to de-
struction; one that denounces as danger-
ous, or as utterly unworthy ofreception.
PROSERI/BING, ppr. Dooming to de-
struction; denouncing as unworthy of Prosecute differs from persecute, as in law it PRO'’SER, n. s as z. [from prose.] A writer
protection or reception; condemning ; is applied to legal proceedings only,
banishing.
PROSERIP’TION, x. [L.proscriptio.] The
act of proscribing or dooming to death;
among the Romans, the public offer ofa re-
ward for the head of a political enemy.
Such were the proscriptions of Sylla and
Marius. Under the triumvirate, many of
the best Roman citizens fell by proscrip-
tion.
2. A putting out of the protection of law:
condemning to exile.
3. Censure and condemnation; utter rejec-
tion.
PROSERIP’TIVE, a. Pertaining to or con-
sisting in proscription ; proseribing.
Burke.
PROSE, n. s as z. >
(L. It. Sp. prosa; Fr.
prose. Qu. orient. D079, y or wi.)
1. The natural language of man; language
loose and unconfined to poetical measure, 2. The institution and carrying on of a suit
as opposed to verse or metrical composition.
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.
Milton.
2. A prayer used in the Romish church on
particular days. Harmar.
PROSE, v. t. To write in prose. Milton.
2 To make a tedious relation. Mason.
PROS’/ECUTE, v. t. [L. prosecutus, prose-
quer; pro and sequor, to follow, Eug. to
seek. See Essay.)
1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach,
execute or accomplish; to continue en-
PRO PRO
deavors to obtain or complete; to contin- cutions may be by presentment, informa-
ue efforts already begun; as, to prosecute tion or indictment. Blackstone.
a scheme; to prosecule an undertaking. PROS/ECUTOR, n. One who pursues or
The great canal in the state of New York carries on any purpose, plan or business.
bas been prosecuied with success. 2. The person who institutes and carries on
That which is morally good is to be desired a criminal suit in a legal tribunal, or one
and prosecuted. Wilkins. who exhibits criminal charges against an
This word signifies either to begin and offender. The attorney general is the
carry on, or simply to continue what has prosecutor tor the king or state.
been begun. When I say, “ I have devis- Blackstone.
ed a plan which I have not the courage or PROS/ELYTE, n. [Fr. proselyte ; It. proso-
means to prosecute, ” the word signifies to lita; Gr. xpooyavtos; xpos and epyoucs, to
begin to execute. When we say, “the come ; 72vGov, 78or.]
nation began a war which it had not A new conyert to some religion or religious
means to prosecute,” it signifies to continue sect, or to some particular opinion, system
to carry on. The latter is the genuine or party. Thus a Gentile converted to Ju-
sense of the word, but both are well au- daism is a proselyte ; a pagan converted to
thorized. We prosecute any work of the christianity is a proselyte; and we speak
hands or of the head. We prosecute a familiarly of proselytes to the theories of
purpose, an enterprise, a work, studies, in- Brown, of Black, or of Lavoisier. The
quiries, &c. word primarily refers to converts to some
. 'To seek toobtain by legal process ; as,to religious creed.
prosecute a right ina court of law. PROS’ELYTE, v. t. To make a convert to
. To accuse of some crime or breach of} some religion, or to some opinion or sys-
law, or to pursue for redress or punish- tem. Macknight.
ment, before a legal tribunal ; as, to prose- PROS’ELYTISM, n. The making of con-
cute a man for trespass or for a riot. It is verts to a religion or religious sect, or to
applied to civil suits for damages, as well! any opinion, system or party.
as to criminal suits, but not to suits for They were possessed with a spirit of prosc-
debt. We never say, a man prosecutes an- lytism in the most fanatical degree. Burke.
other on a bond or note, or in assumpsit ; 2. Conversion to a system or creed.
but he prosecutes his right or claim in an PROS’/ELYTIZE, to make converts, or to
action of debt, detinue, trover or assump- convert, is not well authorized, or not in
sit. So we say, a man prosecutes another| common use, and is wholly unnecessary.
for assault and battery, for a libel or for PROSEMINA‘TION, n._ [L. proseminatus ;
slander, or for breaking his close. In pro and semino, to sow.]
these cases, prosecute signifies to begin and Propagation by seed. [Wot used.] Hale.
to continue a suit. The attorney general PROSENNEAHE/DRAL, a. [Gr. xpos, evea
prosecutes offenders in the name of the and dpa. |
king or of the state, by information or in- In crystalography, baving nine faces on two
dictment. % adjacent parts of the crystal.
of prose. Drayton.
whereas persecute implies cruelty, injustice, 2. In cant language, one who makes a te-
or oppression. cious narration of uninteresting matters.
PROS’ECUTED, pp. Pursued, or begun PROSO’DIAL, [from prosody.) Per-
and carried on for execution or accom- PROSOD ‘TEAL, ,* taining to prosody or
plishment, as a scheme; pursued for re- the quantity and accents of syllables; ac-
dress or punishment in a court of law, as a cording to the rules of prosody.
person; demanded in law, as a right or Warton. Ed. Dispens.
claim. ——
PROSO/DIAN, n. [from prosody.] One
PROS'ECUTING, ppr. Pursuing, or begin- skilled in prosody or in the rules of pro-
ning and carrying on for accomplishment; nunciation and metrical composition.
pursuing for redress or punishment; suing PROS/ODIST, n. [from prosody.} One who
for, as a right or claim. understands prosody. Walker.
PROSECUTION, n. The act or process of PROS/ODY, n. [Fr. prosodie ; L. prosodia ;
endeavoring to gain or accomplish some- Gr. rposadia; apos and ody, an ode.]
thing ; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; That part of grammar which treats of the
as the prosecution of a scheme, plan, de- quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the
sign or undertaking; the prosecution of ] t fication. It includes also the
war or of commerce ; the prosecution of a art of adjusting the accent and metrical
work, study, argument or inquiry. arrangement of syllables in compositions
for the lyre. *
in a court of law or equity, to obtain some PROSOPOLEP’SY, n. [Gr. aposwnoan dia.
right, or to redress and punish some Respect of persons; more particularly, a
wrong. The prosecution of a claim in premature opinion or prejudice against a
chancery is very expensive. Malicious
person, formed by a view of his external
prosecutions subject the offender to punish- appearance. Moore. Addison.
ment.
PROSOPOPE TA, (Gr. xposwronoua 5
3. The institution or commencement and PROS’/OPOPY, Apoownov, person,
continuance of a criminal suit ; the pro-
and xoew, to make.]
cess of exhibiting formal charges against A figure in rhetoric by which things are rep-
an offender before a legal tribunal, and
resented as persons, or by which things in-
pursuing them to final judgment; as pros- animate are spoken of as animated beings,
ecutions of the crown or of the state by
or by which an absent person is introdu-
the attorney or solicitor general. Prose- ced as speaking, or a deceased person is
 PRO PRO PRO
yepresented as alive and present. It in-|| 2. To grow or increase ; to thrive ; to make PROS'TITUTE, n. A female given to in-
cludes personification, but is more exten- gain; as, to prosperin business. Our agri- discriminate lewdness; a strumpet.
sive in its signification. Encyc. culture, commerce and manufactures now den.
PROS'PHET, n. [L. prospectus, prospicio, to rosper. 2. A base hireling; a mercenary ;one who
look forward ; pro and specio, to see.] P a iE pp. Having success; favor- offers himself to infamous employments
1. View of things within the reach of the ed. for hire.
eye. PROS/PERING, ppr. Rendering success- No hireling she, no prostitute to praise.
Eden and all the coast in prospect lay. ful; advancing in growth, wealth or any Pope.
Milton. good. PROS/TITUTED, pp. Offered to common
2. View of things to come ; intellectual} PROSPERITY, x. [L. prosperitas.| Ad- lewdness ; devoted to base purposes.
sight; expectation. The good. man en- vance or gain in any thing good or desira- PROS‘TITUTING, ppr. Offering to indis-
joys the prospect of future felicity. ble; successful progress in any business criminate lewdness; devoting to infamous
3. That which is presented to the eye ; the]) or enterprise ; success ; attainment of the uses.
place and the objects seen. There is a object desired; as the prosperity of arts; PROSTITUTION, x. [Fr. from L. pros-
noble prospect from the dome of the state agricultural or commercial prosperity ;na- tituo.]
house in Boston,a prospect diversified with tional prosperity. Our disposition to abuse 1. The act or practice of offering the body
land and water, and every thing that can the blessings of providence renders pros- to an indiscriminate intercourse with men ;
please the eye. perity dangerous. common lewdness of a female.
4, Object of view. The prosperity of fools shall destroy them. Spectator.
Man to himself Prov. i. 2. The act ofsetting one’s self to sale, or of-
Is a large prospect. Denham. PROS’PEROUS, a. [L. prosperus.| Ad- fering one’s self to infamous employments;
5. View delineated or painted ; picturesque vaneing in the pursuit of any thing desir- as the prostitution oftalents or abilities.
representation of a landscape. able; making gain or increase; thriving; PROS/TITUTOR, n. One who prostitutes;
Reynolds. successful; as a prosperous trade ; a pros-one who submits himself or offers anoth-
6. Place which affords an extended view. perous voyage; a prosperous expedition or er to vile purposes.
Milton. undertaking; a prosperous man, family or PROS’TRATE, a. [L. prostratus, from
7. Position of the front of a building ; as a nation; a prosperous war. prosterno, to lay flat; pro and sterno.}
prospect towards the south or north. Ezek. The seed shall be prosperous ; the vine shall 1. Lying at length, or with the body extend-
xl give her fruit. Zech. viii. ed on the ground or other surface.
8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. 2. Favorable; favoring success; as a pros- Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire.
There is a prospect of a good harvest. A Milton.
perous wind. Denham. 2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant.
man has a prospect of preferment; or he
has little prospect of success. PROS/PEROUSLY, adv. With gain or in- Shak. Chapman.
Washington. crease ; successfully. Bacon. 3. Lying in the posture of humility or ado-
9. A looking forward; a regard to some- PROS’/PEROUSNESS, n. The state of be- ration. Milton. Pope.
thing future. ing successful; prosperity. PROS‘TRATE, v. t. To lay flat; to throw
Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, PROSPI’/CIENCE, n. [L. prospiciens.] The down ; as, to prostrate the body ; to pros-
who lays designs only for a day, without any act of looking forward. Dict. trate trees or plants.
prospect to or provision for the remaining part PROS’TATE, a. [from Gr. mpournus, to set 2. To throw down; to overthrow; to de-
of life ? [Little used.] Tillotson. before. ] molish; to ruin ; as, to prostrate a village;
PROSPE€’TION, n. The act of looking In anatomy, the prostate gland is a gland sit- to prostrate a government; to prostrate law
forward, or of providing for future wants. uated just before the neck of the bladder or justice ; to prostrate the honor of a na-
Paley. in males, and surrounding the beginning of tion.
PROSPECTIVE, a. Looking forward in the urethra. It is situated on the under 3. To prostrate one’s self, to throw one’s self
time; regarding the future; opposed to and posterior part of the neck of the blad- down or to fall in humility or adoration.
retrospective. der, so as to surround the lower side of Duppa.
The supporting of Bible societies is one of the the urethra. Encyc. Wistar. 4. To bow in humble reverence.
points on which the promises, at the time ofor- PROSTERNA’TION, n. [L. prosterno, to 5. To sink totally; to reduce; as, to pros-
dination, had no prospective bearing. prostrate ; pro and sterno. trate strength.
W. Jay. Astate of being cast down: dejection ; de-
iO Acting with foresight.
PROS’TRATED, pp. Laid at length; laid
pression. [Little used.} Wiseman. flat ;thrown down; destroyed.
The French king and king of Sweden, are PROS’THESIS, [Gr.] In surgery, the
circumspect, industrious and prospective in this PROTH’ESIS, tn. addition of an artifi- PROS'TRATING, ppr. Laying flat ; throw-
affair. Child. cial part to supply a defect of the body; ing down: destroying.
Co. Pertaining to a prospect; viewing at a as a wooden leg, &c. Quincy. Coxe. PROSTRA/TION, n. The act of throwing
distance. Milton. PROSTHET'Ié, a. [Gr. xpooferos.] Prefix- down or laying flat; as the prostration of
4. Furnishing an extensive prospect. ed, as a letter to a word.
the body, of trees or of corn.
Dwight. 2. The act of falling down, or the act of
PROSPECTIVELY, adv. With reference PROS’/TITUTE, v. t. [L. prostituo ;pro and bowing in humility or adoration ; prima-
to the future. statuo, to set.] rily, the act of falling on the face, but it is
PROSPECTUS, n. [L.] The plan of a lite- 1. To offer freely to a lewd use, or to indis- now used for kneeling or bowing in rey-
rary work, containing the general subject criminate lewdness. erence and worship.
or design, with the manner and terms of| Do not prostitute thy daughter. Ley. xix. 3. Great depression; dejection ; as a pros-
publication, and sometimes a specimen 2. To give up to any vile or infamous pur- tration of spirits.
ofit. pose ; to devote to any thing base; to sell 4. Great loss of natural strength and vigor;
PROSPER, v. t. [L. prospero, from prospe- to wickedness ; as, to prostitute talents to that state of the body in disease in which
rus, from the Gr. zpoopepw, to carry to or the propagation of infidel principles; to the system is passive and requires power-
toward ; xpos and pepe, to bear.] prostitute the press to the publication of ful stimulants to excite it into action.
To favor ; to render successful. blasphemy. Coxe.
All things concur to prosper our design. 3. To offer or expose upon vile terms or to PRO/STYLE, n. [Gr. xposvaos; apo and sv-
Dryden. unworthy persons. Tillotson. nos, a column.)
ee PER, v. i. To be successful ; to suc- PROS’TITUTE, a. Openly devoted to In architecture, a range of columns in the
ceed. lewdness ; sold to wickedness or to infa- front of a temple. Encye.
The Lord made all that he did to prosper in
his hand. Gen. xxxix. mous purposes. PROSYL'LOGISM, n. [pro and syllogism.]
He that coyereth his sins, shall not prosper. Made bold by want and prostitute for bread. A prosyllogism is when two or more syl-
Prov. XXvViii. Prior. logisms are so connected that the conclu-
 PRO phe © PRO
sion of the former is the major or minor 3. In catholic countries, every nation and
of the following. Watts. - Of the bill, and notice given to the indorser
every religious order has a protector re- of the same, by which he becomes liable
PRO'TASIS, n. [Gr. rporaccs, from mporewa, siding at Rome. He is a cardinal, and to pay the amount of the bill, with char-
to present.] called cardinal protector. ges, damages and interest ; also, alike dec-
1. A proposition; a maxim. Johnson. PROTECTORATE, n. Government by a laration against the drawer of a note of
2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a protector, Walpole. hand for non-payment to a banking cor-
comic or tragic piece, in which the seve- PROTECT’/ORSHIP, n. The office of a poration, and of the master of a vessel
ral persons are shown, their characters in- protector or regent. Burnet. against seizure, &c. A protest is also a
timated, and the subject proposed and en- PROTE€T’RESS, n. A woman or female writing attested by a justice of the peace
tered on. The protasis might extend to that protects. Bacon. Addison. or consul, drawn by the master of a ves-
two acts, where it ended, and the epitasis PROTEND,, v. ¢. [L. protendo; pro and sel, stating the severity of the voyage by
commenced. Encyc. tendo, to stretch.] which the ship has suffered, and showing
PROTAT'I€, a. (Gr. aporarixos.] Being To hold out; to stretch forth. that the damage suffered was not owing
placed in the beginning; previous. With his protended lance he makes defense. to the neglect or misconduct of the mas.
Dryden. Dryden. ter.
PRO‘TEAN, a. Pertaining to Proteus ;read- PROTEND’ED, pp. Reached or stretched PROT’ESTANT, a. Pertaining to those
ily assuming different shapes, [See Pro- forth. Mitford. who, at the reformation of religion, pro-
teus.] PROTEND/ING, ppr. Stretching forth. tested against a decree of Charles V. and
PROTECT’, v. t. (L. protectus, protego ;pro PROTENSE, n. protens'. Extension. [Vat the diet of Spires; pertaining to the ad-
and tego, to cover; Gr. seyw, with a pre- used. | Spenser. herents of Luther, or others of the reform-
fix; Eng. deck. See Deck.] PROTERV'ITY, n. [L. protervitas, trom
To cover or shield from danger or injury ; to protervus ;pro and torvus, crabbed.] Peey- ed churches; as the protestant religion.
defend; to guard ; to preserve in safety ; a ishness; petulance. [Little used.| Addison. Milner.
word of general import both in a literal and PROTEST’, v. i. (L. protestor; pro and PROT’EST ANT, n. One of the party who
Jigurative sense. Walls protect a city or lestor, to affirm; It. protestare; Fr. pro- adhered to Luther at the reformation in
garrison; clothing is designed to protect tester; Sp. protestar. | 1529, and protested, or made a solemn dec-
the body from cold; arms may protect one 1. To affirm with solemnity; to make a sol- laration ofdissent from a decree of the em-
from an assault; our houses protect us emn declaration of a fact or opinion ; as, peror Charles V. and the diet of Spires,
from the inclemencies of the weather ;the I protest to you, I have no knowledge of| and appealed to a general council. This
law protects our persons and property ; the the transaction. name was afterwards extended to the fol-
father protects his children, and the guard- 2. To make a solemn declaration expressive lowers of Calvin, and Protestants is the
ian his ward ; a shade protects us from ex- of opposition ; with against; as, he pro- denominati on now given to all who be-
treme heat; a navy protects our commerce tests against your votes. Denham. long to the reformed churches. The king
and our shores ; embassadors are protected The conscience has power to protest against of Prussia has, however, interdicted the
from arrest. the exorbitancies of the passions. South. use of this name in his dominions.
PROTECT
ED, pp. Covered or defended 3. To make a formal declaration in writing PROT‘ESTANTISM, n. The protestant
from injury ; preserved in safety. against a public law or measure. Itis the religion. South.
PROTECTING, ppr. Shielding from inju- privilege of any lord in parliament to pro- PROT’ESTANTLY, adv. In conformity to
test agains! a law or resolution. the protestants. {4 very bad word and
ry; defending ; preserving in safety. not used. |
PROTEST, v. t. To call as a witness in Milton.
PROTEC'TION, n. The act of protecting ; affirming or denying, or to prove an af- PROTESTA’TION, n. [Fr.; from protest.]
defense; shelter from evil; preservation firmation. 1. A solemn declaration of a fact, opinion or
from loss, injury or annoyance. We find resolution. Hooker.
protection under good laws and an upright Fiercely they oppos’d 2. A solemn declaration of dissent; a pro-
My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
administration. How little are men dis- Protesting fate supreme. Milton. test; as the protestation of certain noble-
posed to acknowledge divine protection ! men against an order of council.
2. To prove ; to show; to give evidence of.
2. That which protects or preserves from [Vol in use.] Clarendon.
injury. Shak.||3
- In law, a declaration in pleading, by which
Let them rise up and help you, and be your 3. In commerce, to protest a bill of exchange, the party interposes an oblique allegation
protection. Deut. xxxii. is for a notary public, at the request of
the payee, to make a formal declaration or denial of some fact, protesting that it
3. A writing that protects; a passport or under hand and seal, against the drawer
does or does not exist. The lord may al-
other writing which secures from molesta- of the bill, on account of non-acceptance
ledge the villenage of the plaintif by way
tion. of protestation, and thus deny the demand.
or non-payment, for exchange, cost, com-
4. Exemption, Embassadors at foreign missions, damages and interest; of which Blackstone.
courts are entitled to protection from ar- PROTESTED, pp. Solemnly declared or
act the indorser must be notified within
rest. Members of parliament, represent- such time as the law or custom prescribes.
alledged; declared against for non-ac-
atives and senators, are entitled to protec- ceptance or non-payment.
In like manner, notes of hand given to a
tion from arrest during their attendance banking corporation are protested for non- PROTEST’ER, n. One who protests ; one
on the legislature, as are suitors aud wit- payment. who utters a solemn declaration.
nesses attending a court. 2. One who protests a bill of exchange.
Writ ofprotection, a writ by which the king PRO‘TEST, n. A solemn declaration of]PROTEST’ING, ppr. Solemnly declaring
of Great Britain exempts a person from opinion, commonly against some act ; ap-
or affirming; declaring against for non-
arrest. Blackstone. propriately, a formal and solemn declara- acceptance or non-payment.
Uon in writing of dissent from the pro-
PROTECTIVE, a. Affording protection; ceedings ofa legislative body ; as the pro- PRO'TEUS, n. [L. from Gr. Mpwrevs.] In
sheltering; defensive. Thomson. test of lords in parliament, or a like decla- mythology, a marine deity, the son of
PROTECT OR, n. [Fr. protecteur.] One that ration of dissent of any minority against Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguish-
defends or shields from injury, evil or op- the proceedings of amajority of a body of, ing characteristic was the faculty of as-
pression; a defender; a guardian. The men. suming different shapes. Hence we de-
king or sovereign is, or ought to be, the 2. In commerce. a formal declaration made nominate one who easily changes his form
protector of the nation; the husband is the by a notary public, under hand and seal, or principles, a Proteus.
protector of his wife, and the father of his at the request of the payee or holder of a PROTHON’OTARISHIP, n. The office of
children. bill of exchange, for non-acceptance or a prothonotary. [An awkward, harsh word
2. Iu England, one who formerly had the non-payment of the same, and little used.)
protesting Carew.
care of the kingdom during the king’s mi- against the drawer and others concerned, PROTHON’OTARY, n. [Low L. protono-
nority; a regent. Cromwell assumed the for the exchange, charges, damages and tarius; Gr. npwzos, first, and L. notarius, a
title of lord Protector. interest. This protest is written on a copy scribe. ]
 PRO PRO PRO
1. Originally, the chief notary; and ancient- 2. To delay; to defer ;to put off to a distant PROTUBERA'TION, n. The act of swell-
ly, the title of the principal notaries of the time; as, to protract the decision of a ing beyond the surrounding surface.
emperors of Constantinople. Hence, question ; to protract the final issue. Cooke.
2. In England, an officer in the court of//PROTRACT’, n. Tedious continuance. PROTU‘BEROUS, a. Protuberant.
king’s bench and common pleas. The [Vot used. Spenser. Smith.
prothonotary of the king’s bench records PROTRACT’ED, pp. Drawn out in time; PROUD, a. [Sax. prut; D. preutsch, proud,
all civil actions. In the common pleas, delayed. prudish, also prat, proud, and pratten, to
the prothonotaries, of which there are PROTRACT’ER, n. One who protracts or fret. We find in the Italian, prode is val-
three, enter and enroll all declarations, lengthens in time. iant, brave; proda, the prow of a ship;
pleadings, judgments, &c., make out judi- PROTRACT/ING, ppr. Drawing out or prodezza, prowess; probably of the same
cial writs and exemplifications of records, continuing in time; delaying. family, with the radical sense ofswelling,
enter recognizances, &c. Encye. PROTRAC’TION, xn. The act of drawing stretching or erecting. See Prude.]}
3. In the United States, a register or clerk of| out or continuing in time; the act of de- 1. Having inordinate self-esteem; possess-
a court. The word however is not ap- laying the termination of a thing; as the ing a high or unreasonable conceit of one’s
plied to any officer, except in particula rotraction ofa debate. own excellence, either of body or mind.
states. PROTRACT IVE, a. Drawing out or A man may be proud of his person, of his
Apostolical prothonotaries, in the court o lengthening in time; prolonging; contin-|| talents, of his accomplishments or of his
Rome, are twelve persons constituting a uing; delaying. achievments. He may be proud of any
college, who receive the last wills of car- He suffered their protractive arts. Dryden. thing to which he bears some relation.
dinals, make informations and proceed- PROTRACT’OR, n. Aninstrument for lay- He may be proud of his country, his gov-
ings necessary for the canonization of] ing down and measuring angles on paper ernment, his equipage, or of whatever
saints, &c. Encye. with accuracy and dispatch, and by which may, by association, gratify his esteem of
PRO’/TO€EOL, n. [Low L. protocollum ; Gr. the use of the line of chords is superseded. himself. He may even be proud of his re-
mpwros, first, and xorAa, glue; so called per- It is of various forms, semicircular, rec- ligion or of his church. He conceives that
haps from the gluing together of pieces tangular or circular. Encye. any thing excellent or valuable, in which
of paper, or from the spreading of it on iPROTREP’TICAL, a. [Gr. xporpenrixos, he has a share, or to which he stands
tablets. It was formerly the upper partof from mporpsna, mporpenoua, to exhort; apo related, contributes to his own impor-
a leaf of abook on which the title or name and zpezte, to turn.| tance, and this conception exalts his opin-
was written. | Hortatory ; suasory ; intended or adapted to ion of himself. Proud is followed by of,
1. The original copy of any writing. [Vol persuade. [Litlle used.| Ward. before the object, supra.
now used.| Ayliffe. PROTRU'DE, v. t. [L. protrudo ; pro and 2. Arrogant; haughty ; supercilious.
2. A record or registry. trudo, to thrust. See Thrust.] A foe so proud will not the weaker seek.
PRO/TOCOLIST, n. In Russia, a register 1. To thrust forward; to drive or force Milton.
or clerk. Tooke. along ; as food protruded from the stom- 3. Daring ; presumptuous.
PRO/TOM'ARTYR, xn. [Gr. mporos, first, ach into the intestine. Locke. By his understanding he smiteth through
and waprvp, martyr.| | 2. To thrust out, as from confinement. The the proud. Job xxvi.
1. The first martyr; a term applied to Ste- contents of the abdomen are protruded in 4. Lofty of mien; grand of person; as a
phen, the first christian martyr. hernia. proud steed. Milton.
2. The first who suffers or is sacrificed in PROTRU’DE, v. 7. To shoot forward ; to 5. Grand; lofty ;splendid ;magnificent.
any cause. Dryden. be thrust forward. Storms of stones from the proud temple’s
PRO’/TOPLAST, n. [Gr. aporos, first, and The parts protrude beyond the skin. height. Dryden.
maracos, formed. | Bacon. 6. Ostentatious; grand ; as proud titles.
The original; the thing first formed, as a PROTRU’/DED, pp. Thrust forward or Shak.
copy to be imitated. Thus Adam has been out. 7. Splendid; exhibiting grandeur and dis-
called our protoplast. Bryant. Harvey. PROTRU'DING, ppr. Thrusting forward |
| tnction ; exciting pride; as a proud day
PROTOPLAS'TIE€, a. First formed. or out. for Rom
Howell. PROTRUSION, n. s as The act of' 8. Excited iy the animal appetite ;applied
PRO’TOPOPE, n. [Gr. xparos, first, and thrusting forward or beyond the usual) particularly to the female of the canine spe-
popeclicns (209
Chief pope or imperial confessor, an oflicer
limit ; a thrusting or driving ; a push. cies.
Locke. 9. Fungous; as proud flesh. Sharp.
of the holy directing synod, the supreme PROTRU/SIVE, a. Thrusting or impelling \PROUD/LY, adv. With an inordinate self-
spiritual court of the Greek church in forward ; as protrusive motion. Darwin. esteem; in a proud manner; haughtily;
Russia. Tooke, Russ. PROTU/BERANCE, n. [L. protuberans, ostentatiously ; with lofty airs or mien.
PROTOSUL/PHATE, xn. In chimistry, the protubero ; pro and tuber, a puff, bunch or Proudly he marches on and void of fear.
combination of sulphuric acid with a prot- knob. | Pope.
oxyd. A swelling or tumor on the body; a prom- PROVABLE, a. [See Prove.] That may be
PROTOTYPE, n. [Fr. from Gr. xpwrorv- inence; a bunch or knob; any thing | proved.
70s; mtpwros, first, and tumos, type, form, swelled or pushed beyond the surround- /PROVABLY, adv. In a manner capable of
model. ] ing or adjacent surface ; on the surface of} proof. Huloet.
An original or model after which any thing the earth, a hill, knoll or other elevation. PRO'VAND, n. Provender. [Not in use.]
is formed; the pattern of any thing to be Hale. More. |PROVE, v. t. prov. (Sax. profian; D. proe-
engraved, cast, &c.; exemplar; archetype. Protuberance differs from projection, being ven; _G. probiren ; Dan. préver ;Sw. prof-
Wotton. Encyc. applied to parts that rise from the surface va; W. provi; Arm. proui, prouein; L.
PROTOX YD, n. [Gr. aporos, first, and with a gradual ascent or small angle; probo ; Ut. provare ; Sp. probar, to try; Fr.
ofus, acid.| whereas a projection may be at aright an- eprouver; Russ. probuyu, to prove; probe-
A substance combined with oxygen in the gle with the surface. vayu, to pierce, to penetrate, to send by
first degree, or an oxyd formed by the PROTU’BERANT, a. Swelling; promi- force. The primary sense is to strain, to
first degree of oxydizement. Thomson. nent beyond the surrounding surface; as urge by force, or rather to thrust or drive.
PROTOX’YDIZE, v. t. To oxydize in the a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye. The word brow may be of the same fami-
first degree. PROTUBERATE, v. i. [L. protubero, su-| ly, from its projection. See Probe.}
PROTRACT’, v. t. [L. protractus, from pro- pra.] : 1. To try ; to ascertain some unknown qual-
traho; pro and traho, to draw.] To swell or be prominent beyond the adja- ity or truth by an experiment, or by a test
1. To draw out or lengthen in time; to con- cent surface ; to bulge out. or standard. Thus we prove the strength
tinue; to prolong; as, to protract an ar- If the navel protuberates, make a small) of gunpowder by experiment; we prove
guiment; to protract a discussion ; to pro- puncture with a lancet through the skin. the strength or solidity of cannon by ex-
fract a war or a negotiation. h Sharp.' periment. We prove the contents of a
 PRO PERO PRO
vendre, a prebend; D. prove, a prebend; Abraham said, God will provide himseli a
vessel by comparing it with a standard lamb for a burnt-offering. Gen. xxii.
{qu. G. D. Sw. proviant, provisions; It.
measure. Provide neither gold nor silver nor brass in
2. To evince, establish or ascertain as truth, provianda, victuals; Lr. proantain, proven-
your purses. Matt. x.
reality or fact, by testimony or other evi- der. The Italian provianda is probably Provide things honest in the sight of all men.
dence. The plaintif in a suit, must prove composed of pro and vivanda, victuals, Rom. xii.
the truth of his declaration; the prosecu- from vivere, L. vivo, to live, and from vi- 2. To furnish ; to supply ; followed by with.
tor must prove his charges against the ac- vanda the French have viande, Eng. vi- Rome, by the care of the magistrates, was
cused, . , and. Whether the French provende and well provided with corn. Arbuthnot.
3. To evince truth by argument, induction Norm. provender are from the same source, Provided of is now obsolete.
or reasoning; to deduce certain conclu- may be doubted. The German proviant 3. To stipulate previously. The agreement
sions from propositions that are true or may be formed from the L. provideo, Sp. provides that the party shall incur no loss.
admitted. Ifit is admitted that every im- proveer, Port. prover. Qu. L. proventus. 4. To make a previous conditional stipula-
moral act is dishonorable to a rational be- It is said that provend, provender, original- tion. [See Provided.]
ing, and that dueling is an immoral act; ly signified a vessel containing a measure 5.. To foresee ; a Latinism. [Not in use.]
then it is proved by necessary inference, of corn daily given to a horse or other beast. B. Jonson.
that dueling is dishonorable to a rational But qu. N may be casual in provender, as 6. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed
being. in messenger, and the word may be from by against or for. We provide warm
4. To ascertain the genuineness or validity provideo. | clothing against the inclemencies of the
of; to verify ; as, to prove a will. . Dry food for beasts, usually meal, or a) weather; we provide necessaries against
5. To experience ; to try by suffering or en- mixture of meal and cut straw or hay. In a time of need ; or we provide warm
countering; to gain certain knowledge by a more general sense, it may signify dry| clothing for winter, &e.
the operation of something on ourselves, food of any kind. Swift. Mortimer. PROVIDE, v.i. To procure supplies or
or by some act of our own. 2. Provisions; meat; food. Core. meaus of defense ; or to take measures for
Let him in arms the power of Turnus prove. [Vot used of food for man in New Eng-| counteracting or escaping an evil. ‘The
Dryden. land. | | sagacity of brutes in providing against
6. In arithmetic, to show, evince or ascer- PROVER, x. One that proves or tries ; that! the inclemencies of the weather is won-
tain the correctness of any operation or which proves. derful.
result. Thus in subtraction, if the differ-| PROV’ERB, n. [Fr. proverbe ; It. proverbio;) Government is a contrivance of human wis-
ence between two numbers, added to the L. proverbium ; pro and verbum, a word.] dom to provide
for human wants. Burke.
lesser number, makes a sum equal to the 1. A short sentence often repeated, express-
PROVIDED, pp. Procured beforehand ;
greater, the correctness of the subtrac- ing a well known truth or common fact, made ready for future use; supplied; fur-
tion is proved. In other words, if the sum | ascertained by experience or observation ;
of the remainder and of the subtrahend,
nished ; stipulated.
a maxim of wisdom.
2. Stipulated as a condition, which condi-
is equal to the minuend, the operation of, The proverb is true, that light gains make!
heavy purses, for light gains coine often, great| tion is expressed in the following sentence
subtraction is proved to be correct.
gains now and then. Bacon. or words; as, “provided that nothing in
7. To try; to examine. this act shall prejudice the rights of any
Prove your own selves. 2 Cor. xiii. 9~ A by-word; a name often repeated ; and
8. Men prove God, when by their provoca- hence frequently, a reproach or object of, person whatever.” This sentence is in the
tions they put his patience to trial, Ps. contempt. Jer. xxiv. nature of the case absolute, the clause or
xev.; or when by obedience they make}: In Scripture, it sometimes signifies a mor- sentence independent; “this or that being
trial how much he will countenance such | al sentence or maxim that is enigmatical 5} provided, which tollows ;” “this condition
conduct, Mal. iii. a dark saying of the wise that requires) being provided.” 'The word being is un-
|
PROVE, v. z. To make trial; to essay. | interpretation. Prov. 1. derstood, and the participle provided
The sons prepare— | . Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old) agrees with the whole sentence absolute.
To prove by arms whose fate it was to reign. Testament, containing a great variety of) “This condition being previously stipulated
Dryden. Wise maxims, rich in practical truths and, or established.” This and that here reter to
2. To be found or to have its qualities as- excellent rules for the conduct of all the whole member of the sentence.
certained by experience or trial; as, a classes of men. PROVIDENCE, a. (Fr. from L. providen-
plant or medicine proves salutary. | PROV’ERB, v. t. To mention in a proverb., tia.|
3. To be ascertained by the event or some- | [Not in use.} Milton.) . The act of providing or preparing for fu-
thing subsequent; as the report proves to 2. To provide with a proverb, [Not in use.] ture use or application.
be true, or proves to be false. Shak.| Providence for war is the best prevention of
When the inflammation ends in a gangrene, |PROVERBUTAL, a. Mentioned in a prov- it. [Now little used.] Bacon.
the case proves mortal. Arbuthnot. || erb ; as a proverbial cure or remedy. 2. Foresight; timely care; particularly, ac-
4, To be found true or correct by the re- | In case of excesses, I take the German tive foresight, or foresight accompanied
sult. : | proverbial cure, by a hair of the same$beast, to with the procurement of what is necessa-
5. To make certain ; to show; to evince. be the worst in the world. Temple. ry for future use, or with suitable prepa-
This argumeht proves how erroneous ts
. Comprised in a proverb ; used or current ration. How many of the troubles and
the common opinion. as a proverb ; as a proverbial saying or perplexities of life proceed from want of
6. To succeed. |
speech.
1] Pope. providence !
sobintecel
if the experiment proved not— Bacon.\' . Pertaining to proverbs ; resembling aj 3. In theology, the care and superintendence
[Vot in use.] proverb ; suitable to a proverb; as a pro- which God exercises over his creatures. He
PROVED, pp. Tried; evinced; experi- verbial obscurity. Brown. that acknowledges a creation and denies
enced. IPROVERBTALIST, x. One who speaks a providence, involves himself in a palpa-
PROVED ‘ITOR,
PROVEDO’RE,
en [It. proveditore, from proverbs.
* provedere, to provide. PROVERBTIALIZE, v. &. To make a prov-
Langhorne. ble contradiction ; for the same power
which caused a thing to exist is necessary
See Provide. | erb; to turn into a proverb, or to use pro- to continue its existence. Some persons
A purveyor; one employed to procure sup- verbially. [Unusual] Good. admit a general providence, but deny a
plies for an army. PROVERB'IALLY, adv. In a proverb; as, particular providence, not considering that
Proveditor, in Venice and other parts of Ita- it is proverbially said. Brown. a general providence consists of particulars.
ly, is an officer who superintends matters PROVIDE, v. t. [L. provideo, literally to A beliefin divine providence, is a source of
of policy. Encyce. see before; pro and video, to see; Fr. great consolation to good men. By divine
PROVEN CIAL, a. [Fr. provencal.] Per- pourvoir ; It. provvedere ; Sp. proveer ;Port. Praveen. is often understood God him-
taining to Provence, in France. prover. | self.
PROV’ENDER, n. [Fr. provende, proven- 1. To procure beforehand; to get, collect) 4. Prudence in the management of one’s
der; Norm. provender, a prebendary ; pro- or make ready for future use; to prepare. concerns or in private economy.
 PRO PRO PRO
ment, contract, grant or other writing, by
PROVIDENT, a.Foreseeing wants and|3. Not polished ; rude ;as provincial accent which a condition is introduced; a condi-
or manners. Dryden.
making provision to supply them ; fore- tional stipulation that affects an agree-
casting ;cautious: prudent in preparing 4, Pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, ment, contract, law, grant, &c. The
or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop;
for future exigences; as a provident man ; not ecumenical ; as a provincial synod. charter of the bank contains a proviso that
a provident animal. the legislature may repeal it at their pleas-
The parsimonious emmet, provident Ayliffe.
Of future. Milton. PROVIN’CIAL, n. A spiritual governor. ure.
Orange is what Augustus was, In catholic countries, one who has the di- PROVI/SOR, n. [Fr. proviseur.] In church
Brave, wary, provident and bold. Waller. tection of the several convents of a prov- affairs, a person appointed by the pope to
PROVIDEN’TIAL, a. Effected by the ince. Encye. a benefice before the death of the incum-
providence of God; referable to divine 2. A person belonging to a province. bent, and to the prejudice of the rightful
providence ; proceeding from divine di- Burke. patron. Formerly the pope usurped the
rection or superintendence ; as the provi- (PROVIN‘CIALISM, 2. A peculiar word right of presenting to church livings,
dential contrivance of things; a providen- or manner of speaking in a province or and it was his practice to neminateé per-
tial escape from danger. How much are district of country remote from the prin- sons to benefices by anticipation, or be-
we indebted to God’s unceasing providen- cipal country or from the metropolis. fore they became vacant; the person thus
tial care! Woodward. Marsh. nominated was called a provisor. In Eng-
PROVIDEN’TIALLY, adv. By means o PROVINCIALITY, n. Peculiarity of lan- land, this practice was restrained by stat-
God’s providence. guage in a province. Warton. utes of Richard IJ. and Henry IV.
Every animal is providentially crea to IPROVIN'CIATE, v. t. To convert into a More sharp and penal laws were devised
the use of its proper weapons. ‘ay ||| province. [Unusual.] Howell. against provisors ; it being enacted that who-
PROV IDENTLY, adv. With prudent fore- PROVI'NE, ever disturbs any patron in the presentation to a
».%. |Fr. provigner; pro and living by virtue of any papal provision, such
sight; with wise precaution in preparing vigne, a vine.] provisor shall pay fine and ransom to the king
for the future. To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the at his will, and be imprisoned till he renounces
PROVIDER, n. One
who provides, fur- ground for propagation. Johnson. such provision. Blackstone.
nishes or supplies; one that procures PROVING, ppr. Trying ; ascertaining ; 2. The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a
what is wanted. Shak. evincing ;experiencing. religious house. Cowel.
PROV'INCE, x. [Fr. from L. provincia; PROVISION, n. s as z. [Fr. from L.provi- PROVI/SORY, a. Making temporary pro-
usually supposed to be formed from pro sio, provideo. See Provide.] vision; temporary. State Papers.
and vinco, to conquer. This is very| 1. The act of providing or making previous 2. Containing a proviso or condition ; condi-
doubtful, as provinco was not used by the preparation. tional.
Romans. | 2. Things provided ; preparation ;measures PROVOE€EA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. provoca-
1. Among the Romans, a country of consid- taken beforehand, either for security, de- tio. See Provoke.]
erable extent, which being reduced under fense or attack, or for the supply of wants. 1. Any thing that excites anger; the cause
their dominion, was new-modeled, sub- We make provision to defend ourselves of resentment. 1 Kings xxi.
jected to the command of an annual gov- from enemies; we make provision for _ Harden not your hearts, as in the provoca-
ernor sent from Rome, and to such taxes war; we make provision for a voyage or tion. Ps. xev.
and contributions as the Romans saw fit for erecting a building; we make provis- 2. The act of exciting anger.
to impose. That part of France next to ion for the support of the poor. Govern- 3. An appeal to a court or judge. [.4 Latin-
the Alps, was a Roman province, and still ment makes provision for its friends. ism, not now used.] Ayliffe.
bears the name Provence. Encye. 3. Stores provided; stock; as provision of 4, Incitement. [Vol used.] Hooker.
2, Among the moderns, a country belonging victuals ; provision of materials. PROVO’CATIVE, a. Exciting; stimulat-
to a kingdom or state, either by conquest Knolles. South. ing ; tending to awaken or incite appetite
or colonization, usually situated at a dis- 4, Victuals; food; provender; all manner or passion.
tance from the kingdom or state, but more of eatables for man and beast; as provis- PROVO’CATIVE, x. <Any thing that
or less dependent on it or subject to it. ions for the table or for the family; pro- tends to excite appetite or passion ; a stim-
Thus formerly, the English colonies in visions for an army. Milton. Encyc. ulant; as a provocative of hunger or of
North America were provinces of Great 5. Previous stipulation; terms or agreement lust. Addison.
Britain, as Nova Scotia and Canada still made, or measures taken for a future exi- PROVO’CATIVENESS, x. The quality of
are. The provinces of the Netherlands gency. being provocative or stimulating.
formerly belonged to the house of Austria In the law, no provision was made to abol- PROVO’KE, v. t. [L. provoco, to eall forth ;
and to Spain. : ish the barbarous customs of the Irish. pro and voco, to call; Fr. provoquer ; It.
3. A division of a kingdom or state, 0 Davies. provocare ; Sp. provocar.]
considerable extent. In England, a divis- Papal provision, a previous nomination by 1. To cali into action ; to arouse ; to excite;
ion of the ecclesiastical state under the the pope to a benefice before it became as, to provoke anger or wrath by offensive
jurisdiction of an archbishop, of which vacant, by which practice the rightful pat- words or by injury ; to provoke war.
there are two, the province of Canterbury ron was deprived of his presentation. 2. To make angry; to offend; to incense;
and that of York. Blackstone. to enrage.
4, A region of country ;in a general sense; a PROVI’SION, v.¢. To supply with victuals Ye fathers, provoke not your children to
tract ; a large extent. or food. The ship was provisioned for a wrath. Eph. vi.
Over many a tract voyage of six months. ‘The garrison was Often provoked by the insolence of some of
Of heaven they march’d, and many a province well provisioned. the bishops— Clarendon.
wide. Milton PROVISIONAL, a. [Fr. provisionnel.] Pro- 3. To excite; to cause; as, to provoke per-
They never look abroad into the provinces o vided for present need or for the occa- spiration; to provoke a smile. Arbuthnot.
the intellectual world. Watts. sion ; temporarily established ; temporary ; 4. To excite ; to stimulate ; to increase.
5. The proper office or business ofa person. as a provisional government or regulation; The taste of pleasure provokes the appetite,
It is the province of the judge to decide a provisional treaty. and every successive indulgence of vice which
causes between individuals. PROVISIONALLY, adv. By way of pro- is to form a habit, is easier than the last.
The woman’s province is to be careful in her vision; temporarily ;for the present exi- Buckminster.
economy, and chaste in her affection.
Tatler. gency. Locke. 5. To challenge.
He now provokes the sea-gods from the
PROVIN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to a proy- PROVI’SIONARY, a. Provisional; pro- shore. Dryden.
ince or relating to it; as a provincial gov- vided for the occasion ; not permanent.
ernment; a provincial dialect. Burke. 6. To move; to incite; to stir up; to mduce
2. Appendant to the principal kingdom or PROVISO, n. s as z. [L. provisus, ablative by motives. Rom. x. Bacon.
state ;as provincial dominion ; provincial proviso, it being provided. } Let us consider one another to provoke to
territory. Brown. An article or clause in apy statute, agree- love and to good works. Heb. x.
 PRO PRU PRU
7. To incite ; to rouse ; as, to provoke one to of the root is to stretch, shoot or advance brittle, harsh, dry, rugged; W. pruz,
anger. Deut. xxxii. 2 forward, and hence the sense of profit.] [prudh,| prudent, discrete, serious, sad, sor-
PROVO’KE, v. i. To appeal. [4 Latin- Bravery ; valor; particularly, military brave- rowtul; Goth. frods, prudent; Gr. ppadz,
isi, nol used.] Dryden. ry; gallantry; intrepidity in war; fear-| prudence ; Goth. frathi, mind, intellect;
PROVO/KED, pp. Excited; roused; in- lessness of danger. JSrathyan, to be wise, to understand. The
cited ;made angry; incensed. Men of such prowess as not to know fear in Goth. frod signifies both wise, prudent, and
PROVO’/KER, n. One that excites anger or | themselves. Sidney. broken; D. vroed, prudent. We see that
other passion ; one that excites war or se- (PROW'EST, a. [superl. of prow.| Bravest. prude, prudent, and proud are from the
dition. [Vot in use.] Spenser. same root. The sense of brittle would
2, That which excites, causes or promotes. PROWL, v. ¢. [I know not the origin o indicate that these words belong to the
Shak. this word, nor from what source it is de-|| ~same family with the Dan. bryder, to
PROVO’KING, ppr. Exciting into action; rived. It may be derived from the root break ; and the radical elements are the
inciting; inducing by motives; making of stroll, troll, with a different prefix.] To same. The Welsh pruz is from tending
angry. ; i rove over. out or reaching, hence pryder, anxiety, a
9, a. Having the power or quality of excit- He prowls each place, still in new colors stretching of the mind. The sense of
ing resentment; tending to awaken pas- deck’d. Sidney. prude is probably from stretching, strait-
sion ; as provoking words ;provoking treat- PROWL, v. 7. To rove or wander, particu-| ness, stiffness; and the sense of wise is de-
ment. larly for prey, as a wild beast ; asa provwl- rivative. Prudence is from the same root,
PROVO'KINGLY, adv. In such a manner ing wolf. Milton. implying care, a tension of mind.]
as to excite anger. 2. To rove and plunder; to prey; to plun- |A woman ofgreat reserve, coyress, affected
PRO'VOST, n. [Sax. profost, profast ;Dan. | der. Tusser. stiffness of manners and scrupulous nice-
provst ;G. probst, propst; Arm. provost;PROWL, x. A roving for prey ; colloquial- ty.
Fr. prevét ; Port. Sp. preboste; It. proposto;| ly, something to be seized and devoured. 7 Less modest than the speech of prudes.
from the L. prepositus, placed before, '(PROWL’ER, x. One that roves about for Swift.
from prepono; pre and pono, to set or | prey. Thomson.| PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr. from L. prudentia; It.
placer (PROWL'ING, ppr. Wandering about in) prudenza ; Sp. prudencia. See Prude.]
In a general sense, a person whe is appoint- | search of prey or plunder. | Wisdom applied to practice. Johnson.
ed to superintend or preside over some- PROXIMAL, [See Provimate.] Prudence implies caution in deliberating
thing; the chief magistrate of a city or PROX'IMATE, a. [L. superl. proximus ; Fr.) and consulting on the most suitable means
town; as the provost of Edinburgh or of proche ; approcher, to approach ; reprocher, to accomplish valuable purposes, and the
Glasgow, answering to the mayor of oth- to reproach. The primary sense of the exercise of sagacity in discerning and se-
er cities; the provost of a college, answer- root is to drive or press. See Class Brg.] Jecting them. Prudence differs from wis-
ing to president. In France, formerly, a Nearest: next. A provimate cause is that dom in this, that prudence implies more
provost was an inferior judge who had which immediately precedes and produces caution and reserve than wisdom, or is
cognizance of civil causes. the effect, as distinguished from the re- exercised more in foreseeing and avoiding
The grand provost of France, or of the house- mote, mediale or predisposing cause. evil, than in devising and executing that
hold, had jurisdiction in the king’s house Watts. which is good. It issometimes mere cau-
and over its officers. \PROX‘IMATELY, adv. Immediately ; by tion or cireumspection.
The provost marshal of an army, is an officer immediate relation to or effect on. Prudence is principally in reference to ac-
appointed to arrest and secure deserters tions to be done, and due means, order, season
Bentley.
and other criminals, to hinder the sol- PROX'IME, a. Next; immediately. and method of doing or not doing. Hale.
[.Vot)
diers from pillaging, to indict offenders) used. | Watts.)| PRUDENT, a. Cautious ;_ circumspect ;
and see sentence passed on them and ex- PROXIMITY, n. [Fr. provimité; L. provim- practically wise; careful of the conse-
ecuted. He also regulates weights and) itas.| quences of enterprises, measures or ac-
measures. He has under him a lieuten-! |The state of being next; immediate near-|| tions ; cautious not to act when the end is
ant and a clerk, an executioner, &c. | ness either in place, blood or alliance. of doubtful utility, or probably impracti-
Encye. The succession to the throne and to es- cable.
The provost marshal in the navy, has charge) tates is usually regulated by proximity of} The prudent man looketh well to his going.
of prisoners, &c. | blood. Prov. xiv.
|
Dryden. Swift. A prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth
The provost of the mint, is a particular judge || PRONX’Y, n. [contracted from procuracy, or himself. Prov. xxii.
appointed to apprehend and prosecute | some word from the root of procure, proc-
false coiners. Encye. tor.] 2. Dictated or directed by prudence; as
Provost of the king’s stables, is an officer who 1. The agency of another who acts as a prudent behavior.
attends at court and holds the king’s stir- substitute for his principal; agency of a 3. Foreseeing by instinct; as the prudent
rup when he mounts his horse. Encye. substitute ; appearance of a representa- crane. Milton.
PRO/VOSTSHIP, n. The office of a pro- tive. None can be familiar by proxy. 4, Frugal; economical; as a prudent wo-
None can be virtuous or wise by proxy. man ; prudent expenditure of money.
vost. Hakewiil.
PROW, n. [Fr. prove; It. prua and proda; 2. The person who is substituted or deputed 5. Wise ; intelligent.
PRUDEN’TIAL, a. Proceeding from pru-
Sp. proa. These may be from the L.| to act for another. A wise man will not dence; dictated or prescribed by pru-
prora; but qu. is not proda the original commit important business to a proxy,
when he can transact it in person. In dence; as prudential motives; prudential
word, and prora a contraction of prodera? rules.
‘The primary sense is that which projects England, any peer may make another
or stretches forward.} lord of parliament his proxy to vote for him 2. Superintending the discretionary con-
in his absence. Blackstone. cerns of a society; as a prudential com-
1. The forepart of a ship. Dryden. Inittee. M. England.
2. In seamen’s language, the beak or pointed 3. In popular use, an election or day of vot-
ing for officers of government. PRUDENTIAL‘TY, n. The quality of be-
cutwater of a xebec or galley. The up- ing prudential ; eligibility on principles of
per part is usually furnished with a grat- PROX’‘YSHIP, n. The office or agency ofa prudence. [.Vot used.] Brown.
ing platform. Mar. Dict. proxy.
PRUDEN’TIALLY, adv. In conformity
3. The name of a particular kind of vessel PRUCE, n. [from Prussia.] Prussian lether. with prudence ; prudently. South.
used in the East Indian seas. [Vol in use.] Dryden.
PRUDEN’TIALS, n. plu. Maxims ofpru-
PROW, a. Valiant. [ot in use.) PRUDE, n. [F'r. prude, wise, discrete, sober, dence or practical wisdom.
Spenser. formal, precise ; D. preutsch, prudish, and Many stanzas in poetic measures contain
PROW’'ESS, n. [Fr. prouesse; It. prodezza, proud ; G. spréde, a prude, and shy, cold, rules relating to common prudentials, as well
from prode, brave, and as a noun, profit, reserved, coy, demure, and applied to met- as to religion. Watts.
benefit; Sp. proeza. The primary sense als, brittle, friable; Dan. sprédig, eager, 2. The subordinate discretionary concerns
Vol. IL. 46
 PRG PUSA PS ¥
and economy of a company, society or| Prussian blue, a combination of iron with 1. The book of Psalms; often applied to a
corporation. The board of trustees ap- ferrocyanic acid. This is used as a pig- book containing the Psalms separately
point annually a committee to manage the ment of a beautiful blue color. printed.
prudentials of the corporation. PRUSSIATE, x. A salt formed by the un- 2. In Romish countries, a large chaplet or
MN. England. ion of the prussic acid, or coloring matter rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty
PRUDENTLY, adv. With prudence ; with of prussian blue, with a salifiable base; beads, according to the number of the
due caution or circumspection ; discrete- as the prussiate of alumin. salms.
ly ;wisely ;as domestic affairs prudently Lavoisier. Fourcroy. PSAL’TERY, n. [Gr. Joarnpiov.] An instru-
managed ; laws prudently framed or exe- PRUSSI€, a. The prussic acid is a com- ment of music used by the Hebrews, the
cuted. pound of kyanogen or cyanogen, prussic form of which is not now known. That
2. With frugality ;economically ; as income gas and hydrogen, and hence called hy- which is now used is a flat instrument in
prudently expended. drocyanic acid. It is one of the strongest form of a trapezium or triangle truncated
PRU/DERY, n. [from prude.] Affected poisons known. at the top, strung with thirteen chords of
scrupulousness ; excessive nicety in con- |PRY, v.i. {a contracted word, the origin of wire, mounted on two bridges at the sides,
duct; stiffness ; affected reserve which is not obvious. ]
or grav- and struck with a plectrum or crooked
ity ;coyness. Tatler. 'To peep narrowly; to inspect closely; to stick. Encyc.
PRU/DISH, a. [from prude.] Affectedly attempt to discover something with scru- Praise the Lord with harp; sing to him with
grave ; very formal, precise or reserved; tinizing curiosity, whether impertinently the psaltery, and an instrument of ten strings.
or not; as, to pry into the mysteries of na- Ps. xxxiii-
asa prudish woman ; prudish manners. PSAM’MITE, n. (Gr. Yaumos, sand.| A spe-
A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. ture, or into the secrets of state.
Garrick. Nor need we with a prying eye survey cies of micaceous sandstone.
PRUNE, v. t. [perhaps from Fr. provigner, The distant skies to find the milky way. Brongniart.
to lay down vine stocks for propagation. Creech. PSEUDO, Gr. Jevdos, false, a prefix signify-
If not, I know not its origin.] PRY, ». Narrow inspection ; impertinent ing false, counterfeit or spurious.
1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branch- | peeping. Smart. PSEUDO-APOS'TLE, n. A false apostle;
es of trees, to make them bear better fruit ‘PRY, v. t. To raise or attempt to raise with one who falsely pretends to be an apostle.
or grow higher, or to give them a more a lever. This is the common popular PSEUDO-CHI/NA, n. The false China root,
handsome and regular appearance. pronunciation of prize, in America. The a plant of the genus Smilax, found in
Encye. Milton. lever used is also called a pry. America. Encye.
2. To clear from any thing superfluous; to PRY’ING, ppr. Inspecting closely ; looking PSEUDO-GALE'NA, n. False galena or
dress ; to trim. into with curiosity. black jack.
His royal bird IPRY'INGLY, adv. With close inspection or PSEU’/DOGRAPH, [Gr. }evdos, false,
Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his impertinent curiosity. PSEUDOG’RAPHY, ; and ypapy, wri-
beak. Shak. iPRY‘TANE, t (Gr. xpuzares.] In ancient ting.]
PRUNE, v. 7. To dress; to prink; @ ludi- iPRYT’ANIS, * Greece, a president of the False writing. Holder.
crous word. Dryden. senate of five hundred. PSEUDOL/OGY, n. [Gr. Levdoroyta ;Pevdos,
PRUNE, n. [Fr. prune; It. Sp. pruna ; L. Encyc. Anacharsis. false, and Aoyos, discourse.|
prunum; D. pruim. In Latin, prunus is a {It is to be noted that in words beginning Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot.
plum tree, Gr. apovn, and prunwm, the} with Ps and Pt, the letterp bas no sound. } PSEUDO-METAL/LI¢€, a. Pseudo-metal-
Truit.} PSALM, n. s'am. [L. psalmus ; Gr. Yoagos,| lic luster is that which is perceptible only
A plum, or a dried plum. Bacon. from jaar, to touch or beat, to sing; Fr. when held towards the light; as in min-
PRU'NED, pp. Divested of superfluous psaume ; It. Sp. salmo. | erals. Phillips.
branches ; trimmed. A sacred song or hymn; a song composed PSEUDOMORPH/OUS, a. [pseudo and
2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or super- on a divine subject and in praise of God. Gr. opp, form.]
fluous. The most remarkable psalms are those Not having the true form. A pseudomorph-
PRU'NEL, n. A plant. Ainsworth. composed by David and other Jewish ous mineral is one which has received
PRUNEL/LO, n. A kind of stuff of which saints, a collection of one hundred and fif- its form from some extraneous cause, not
clergymen’s gowns are made. Pope. ty of which constitutes a canonical book from natural crystalization.
PRUNEL‘LO, n. [Fr. prunelle, from prune.| of the Old Testament, called Psalms, or the PSEUDO-TINEA, n. In natural history, the
A kind of plum. Ainsworth. book of Psalms. The word is also applied name of a remarkable species of insect or
PRU'NER, nv. One that prunes trees or re- to sacred songs composed by modern po- larva, resenibling a moth. It feeds on
moves what is superfluous. ets, being versifications of the scriptural wax, and is a terrible enemy to bees, as it
PRUNIF’EROUS, a. [L. prunum, a plum, psalms, or of these with other parts of| enters the bive and sometimes compels
and fero, to bear.|_ Bearing plums. Scripture, composed for the use of the bees to abandon it, being covered
PRUNING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous churches; asthe Psalms of Tate and Bra-!| with a coat that is impervious to their
branches; trimming; clearing of what is | dy, of Watts, &c. | stings. Encye.
superfluous. |
PS‘ALMIST, n. A writer or composer of| PSEUDO-VOLEAN‘IE, a. Pertaining to or
PRUNING, n. In gardening and agricul- sacred songs; a title particularly applied| produced by a pseudo-voleano.
ture, the lopping off the superfluous to David and the other authors of the Cleaveland.
branches of trees, either for improving the scriptural psalms. PSEUDO-VOL€A'NO, n. A voleano that
trees or their fruit. 2. In the church of Rome, a clerk, precentor, emits smoke and sometimes flame, but no
PRU/NING-HOOK, An instrument singer or leader of music in the church. lava; also, a burning mine of coal.
PRU/NING-KNIFE, , ™ used in pruning PSA‘LMODY, n. The act, practice or artof Kirwan.
trees. It is of various forms. singing sacred songs. Psalmody has al- PSHAW, cxclam. An expression of con-
Dryden. Philips. ways been considered an important part tempt, disdain or dislike.
PRU/RIENCE, 2, [L. pruriens, prurio, to of public worship. PSO/AS, xn. [Gr.] The name of two inside
PRU/RIENCY, §™ itch.] PSALMOG/RAPHER, 2, [See Psalmog- muscles of the loins.
An itching, longing desire or appetite for PSALMOG/RAPHIST, § * raphy.] PSO’RA, n. [Gr.} The itch.
any thing. Suift. A writer of psalms or divine songs and
PRU'RIENT, a. Itching ;uneasy with de- hymns. PSYCHOLOG'TE, Pertaining to a
sire. Warton. PSALMOG’/RAPHY, n. [Gr. aauos, psalm, PSYCHOLOGICAL, § treatise on the
PRURIG/INOUS, a. [L. pruriginosus, from and ypapa, to write.] soul, or to the study of the soul of man.
prurigo, an itching, from prurio, to iteh.] The act or practice of writing psalms or sa- Literary Mag.
Tending to an itch. Greenhill. cred songs and hymns. PSYCHOL/OGY, n. [Gr. yz, soul, and
PRUSSIAN, a. [from Prussia.] Pertaining PSAL’TER, n. [L. psallerium ; Gr. farrnproy ; royos, discourse. |
to Prussia. It. Sp. salterio; Fr. psautier.] A discourse or treatise on the human soul;
 PUB PUB PUE
or the doctrine of the nature and proper- munity; as public spirit; public minded- PUB’LIC-MINDEDNESS, 2. A disposi-
ties of the soul. Campbell. ness ;opposed to private or selfish. tion to promote the public weal or ad-
PT’ARMIGAN, zn. A fowl of the genus Te- South. vantage. |Little used.] South.
trao, the lagopus or white game. The Open for general entertainment; as a PUB'LIENESS, n. The state of being pub-
color of the plumage is a pale brown or public house. lic, or open to the view or notice of people
ash, elegantly crossed or mottled with Open to common use ; as a public road. at large ; as the publicness of a sale.
dusky spots and minute bars; the belly} In general, public expresses something 2. State of belonging to the community; as
and wings are white. This fowl is seen common to mankind at large, to a nation, the publicness of property. Boyle.
on the summits of mountains in the north state, city or town, and is opposed to pri- PUBLI€-SPIR/ITED, a. Having or exer-
of England and of Scotland. Encye. vate, which denotes what belongs to an cising a disposition to advance the interest
PTISAN, n. tivan. {L. plisana; Gr. are- individual, to a family, to a company or of the community ; disposed to make pri-
cay, from rrisow, to pound.| ; ; corporation. vate sacrifices for the public good ; as pub-
A decoction of barley with other ingredi-|| Public law, is often synonymous with the lic-spirited men. Dryden.
ents. Encyc. Arbuthnot.|| law of nations. 2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as
PTOLEMA‘IE, a. [from Ptolemy, the geog- |PUB’LI¢€, n. The general body of mankind a public-spirited project or measure.
rapher and astrologer. | ; or of a nation, state or community ; the Addison.
Pertaining to Ptolemy. The Ptolemaic sys- people, indefinitely. PUBLI€-SPIR‘ITEDNESS, n. A disposi-
tem, in astronomy, is that maintained by The public is more disposed to censure than tion to advance the public good, or a will-
Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be to praise. Addison. ingness to make sacrifices of private in-
fixed in the center of the universe, and In this passage, public is followed by a terest to promote the common weal.
that the sun and stars revolve around it. verb in the singular number; but being a Whitlock,
This theory was received for ages, but has noun of multitude, itis more generally tol- PUB’LISH, »v. ¢. [Fr. publier ; Sp. publicar;
been rejected for the Copernican system.|, lowed by a plural verb; the public are. It. pubblicare ; L. publico. See Public.)
PTY’ALISM, n. (Gr. nrvarccuos, a spitting,| In public, in open view; before the people 1. To discover or make known to maukind
from zrvaata, to spit often. at large; not in private or secresy. or to people in general what before was
In medicine, salivation; an unnatural or co- In private grieve, but with a careless scorn, private or unknown; to divulge, as a pri-
vious flow ofsaliva. Coxe. Encye. In public seem to triumph, not to mourn. vate transaction; to promulgate or pro-
PTYS’/MAGOGUE, n. [Gr. xtvsua, saliva,)| Granville.
claim, as a law or edict. We publish a
and aya, to drive.} PUB'LI€AN, a. [L. publicanus, from publi- secret, by telling it to people without re-
A medicine that promotes discharges of sal- cus. serve. Laws are published by printing or
iva. Dict. 1. A collector of toll or tribute. Among the by proclamation. Christ and his apostles
PUBERTY, n. [L. pubertas, from pubes.}!) Romans, a publican was a farmer of the published the glad tidings of salvation.
The age at which persons are capable of} taxes and public revenues, and the infe- Th’ unwearied sun, from day to day,
procreating and bearing children. This! || rior officers of this class were deemed op- Does his Creator’s power display;
age is different in different climates, but | pressive. And publishes to every land
is with us considered to be at fourteen | As Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, The work of an Almighty hand. Spectator.
1| many publicans and sinners came and sat down
years in males, and twelve in females. 2. To send a book into the world ; or to sell
with him and his disciples. Matt. ix.
PU'BES, n. [L.] In botany, the hairiness of 2. The keeper of a public house; an inn- or offer for sale a book, map or print.
plants; a downy or villous substance keeper. 3. To utter; to put off or into circulation ;
which grows on plants; pubescence. PUBLI€A‘TION, 2x. i publicatio, from as, to publish a forged or counterfeit pa-
Martyn. publico, from publicus. per. Laws of Mass. and Conn.
PUBES’CENCE, n. [L. pubescens, pubesco, 1. The act of publishing or offering to public . To make known by posting, or by reading
to shoot, to grow mossy or hairy.] notice ; notification to a people at large, ei- in a church ; as, to publish banns of mat-
1. The state of a youth who has arrived at ther by words, writing or printing ; proc- rimony. We say also, the persons intend-
puberty ; or the state of puberty. Brown. lamation ; divulgation; promulgation; as ing marriage are published ; that is, their
2. In botany, hairiness; shagginess; the the publication of the law at mount Sinai;) intention of marriage is published.
hairy or downy substance on plants. the publication of the gospel; the publica- |PUB/LISHED, pp. Made known to the
PUBES'CENT, a. Arriving at puberty. tion of statutes or edicts. community ; divulged ; promulgated ; pro-
Brown. 2. The act of offermg a book or writing to claimed.
2. In botany, covered with pubescence, such the public by sale or by gratuitous distri- PUB’LISHER, n. One who makes known
as hair, bristles, beard, down, &c.; as th e bution. The author consented to the pub- what was before private or unknown;
leaves of plants. lication of his manuscripts. one that divulges, promulgates or pro-
PUB'LI6, a. [L. publicus, from the root d3. A work printed and published; any claims. Atterbury.
populus, people; that is, people-like; Sp. pamphlet or book offered for sale or to \2. One who sendsa book or writing into the
publico; It. pubblico; Fr. publique; W. public notice; as a new publication; a world for common use; one that offers a
pobyl, people; pob, pawb, each, every, ev- monthly publication. book, pamphlet, &c., for sale.
ery body.] PUB‘LIG-HE‘ARTED, a. Publie-spirited. 3. One who utters, passes or puts into cir-
1. Pertaining to a nation, state or communi- [Vot used.]} Clarendon. culation a counterfeit paper.
ty; extending to a whole people; asa PUB'LICIST, x. A writer on the laws of]| PUB’LISHING, ppr. Making known; di-
public law, which binds the people of a nature and nations ; one who treats of the vulging ;promulgating ;proclaiming; sell-
nation or state, as opposed to a private rights of nations. Kent. Du Ponceau ing or offering publicly for sale; utter-
statute or resolve, which respects an indi- PUBLICITY, x. [Fr. publicité.] The state ing.
vidual or a corporation only. Thus we of being public or open to the knowledge \PUB/LISHMENT, n. In popular usage in
say, public welfare, public good, public of acommunity ; notoriety. New England, a notice of intended mar-
calamity, public service, public property. |PUB/LICLY, adv. Openly; with exposure} riage.
2. Common to many; current or circulated to popular view or notice ; without con-)
among people of all classes; general; as cealment; as property publicly offered for) PU€COON’, n. A plant, a species of San-
guinaria; the blood-root.
public report ; public scandal. sale; ap opinion publicly avowed; a dec- i|
3. Open; notorious; exposed to all persons laration publicly made. Fam. of Plants.
without restriction. 2. In the name of the community. PUCE, a. Ofa dark brown color. Qu.
Joseph her husband being a just man, and PU/CELAGE, n. [Fr.] A state of virginity.
not willing to make her a public example, was [Little used.) Robinson.
minded to put her away privily. Matt. i. \PU/CERON, n. [Fr. from puce, a flea.] The
4, Regarding the community; directed PUB/LI€-MINDED, a. name ofa tribe of small insects which are
to the interest of a nation, state or com- mote the public interest. [Ziltle used.| found in great numbers on the bark and
 PUD PUF PUG
leaves of plants, and live by sucking the PUD/DING-TIMB, n. The time of dinner,) 4. Any thing light and porous, or something
sap; the Aphis, vine fretter, or plant louse. pudding being formerly the first dish set swelled and light; as puff-paste. failer.
Encye. on the table, or rather first eaten ; a prac-| 5. A substance of loose texture, used to
PUCK, n. [Ice. Sw. puke, a demon; Scot. tice not yet obsolete among the common sprinkle powder on the hair. Ainsworth.
people of New England. 6. A tumid or exaggerated statement or
puck.] commendation. Cibber.
A demon; a mischievous spirit. Shak. 2. The nick of time; critical time.
PUCK’-BALL, [from puck.] A kind of} Hudibras. PUFF, v. 7. [G. puffen, to puff, to thump,
PUD/DLE, n. [Ir. boidhlia; G. pfiitze.| A to buffet; verpuffen, to detonize; D. pof-
PUCK’-FIST, f” mushroom full of dust. \

Dict. small stand of dirty water; a muddy fen; W. pifiae, pufiaw, to puff; Fr. bouf-
plash. Dryden. Addison. fer, to puff, toswell. See the Noun.]
PUCK’ER, v.t. [Sp. buche, a purse, rum-
ple or pucker ; bucle, a buckle; buchar, to PUD’DLE, v. t. To made foulormuddy ; to 1. To drive air from the mouth in a single
hide. Buche signifies also a crop or craw, pollute with dirt; to mix dirt and water. and quick blast. Shak.
and the breast; hence perhaps L. pectus ; Shak. Dryden. || 2. To swell the cheeks with air.
Port. bucho, the crop, the stomach. Qu. Ir. 2. To make thick or close. 3. To blow as an expression of scorn or
contempt.
fighim, to weave; G. fach. In Gr. avxa PUD/DLED, pp. Made muddy or foul. _ It is really to defy heaven, to puff at damna-
signifies closely, densely ;zvxafw, to cov- ||PUD/DLING, ppr. Making muddy or dirty. tion. South.
er. Class Bg. The primary sense is prob- PUD/DLY, a. Muddy; foul; dirty. 4. To breathe with vehemence, as after vio-
ably to draw, to wrinkle. } Carew.
lent exertion.
To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to PUD'DOCK, [for paddock or parrock,
The ass comes back again, puffing and blow-
contract into ridges and furrows ; to cor- PUR/ROCK, § Rane A small enclosure. ing from the chase. L Estrange.
rugate. Provincial in England.| 5. To do or move with hurry, agitation and
His face pale and withered, and his skin PU/DENCY, n. [L. pudens, pudeo, to blush a tumid, bustling appearance.
puckered in wrinkles. Spectator. Then came brave glory puffing by.eeieteré.
It is usually followed by up ; as, to puck- or be ashamed; Ar. \X as abada, to :
er up cloth; but upis superfluous. It is a worship, to prostrate one’s self, to cast 6. To swell with air; to dilate or inflate.
popular word, but not elegant. down, to subdue, to be ashamed, or Ch. Boyle.
PUCK’ER, n. A fold or wrinkle, or a col-
nm. to blush. Qu. Heb. w2 in a differ- PUFF, v. t. To drive with a blast of wind
lection of folds. ent dialect. The first is the more proba- or air; as, the north wind puffs away the
PUCK’ERED, pp. Gathered in folds; ble affinity. Class Bd. No. 11. 26.] clouds. Dryden.
wrinkled. Modesty ; shamefacedness. Shak. 2. To swell; to inflate; to dilate with air;
PUCK/ERING, ppr. Wrinkling. PUDEN’DA, a. plu. [L.] The parts of gen- as a bladder puffed with air.
PUD/DER, x. [This is supposed to be the The sea puffed up with winds. Shak.
eration.
same as pother.] PU'DI€, : [L. pudicus, modest.]
3. To swell; to inflate; to blow up; as puff-
Per-
A tumult; a confused noise ; a bustle. [Vul- PU/DI€AL, § taining to the parts which ed up with pride, vanity or conceit; to
gar.| Shak. Locke. modesty requires to be concealed; as the
puff up with praise or flattery.
PUD'DER, v. 7. To make a tumult or bus- udic artery. Quincy.
Denham. Bacon.
tle. Locke. PUDICITY, n. [Fr. pudicité; L. pudicr- 4. To drive with a blast in scorn or con-
PUD'DER, v. t. To perplex ; to embarrass ; tia.| Modesty ; chastity. || tempt.
Howell. |
to confuse; vulgarly to bother. Locke. I puff the prostitute away. Dryden.
PUE-FELLOW. [See Pew-fellow. ]
PUD/DING, n. [W. poten, what bulges out, PU'ERILB, a. (Fr. from L. puerilis, from \0. To praise with exaggeration; as, to puff
a paunch, a pudding ; Fr. boudin, a pud- a pamphlet.
ding, from bouder, to pout ; Ir. boideal; G.
puer, a boy.] PUFF-BALL, ». A fungus or mushroom
Boyish; childish; trifling; as a puerile full of dust, of the genus Lycoperdon.
Dan. pudding ; Sw. puding. Class Bd.] amusement. Pope.
. A species of food of a soft or moderately ; Lee.
PUERILITY, n. [Fr. puerilité; L. puerii- PUFF’ED, pp. Driven out suddenly, as air
hard consistence, variously made, but
tas, from puer, a boy.] or breath; blown up; swelled with air;
usually a compound of flour, or meal of)
1. Childishness; boyishness; the manners inflated with vanity or pride; praised.
maiz, with milk and eggs, sometimes en-
or actions of a boy ; that which is trifling. PUFEF’ER, x. One that puffs; one that
riched with raisins and called plum-pud- Brown. Dryden.
ding. praises with noisy commendation.
2. In discourse, a thought or expression PUFF'IN, n. A water fowl of the genus
2. An intestine. Shak. which is flat, insipid or childish. — Eneye.
a] An intestine stuffed with meat, ; &c. now Alea or auk.
uv.
PUER’PERAL, a. [L. puerpera, a lying-in- 2. A kind offish.
called a sausage. woman ; puer, a boy, and pario, to bear.] 3. A kind of fungus with dust; a fuzzball.
Ll. Proverbially, food or victuals.
Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your Pertaining to childbirth; as a puerperal fe- PUFF’ IN-APPLE, n. A sort of apple so
tongue. Prior. ver. called. -dinsworth.
PUD/DING, 2 In seamen’s language, PUER’PEROUS, a. [L. puerperus, supra.] PUFF’ING, ppr. Driving out the breath
PUD/DENING, § ™ 4 thick wreath or cir- Bearing children; lying in. with a single, sudden blast; blowing up;
cle of cordage, tapering from the middle |\PUET. [See Pewet.] inflating ; praising pompously.
towards the ends, and fastened about the PUFF, n. [D. pof; G. puff,a puff, a thump ; PUFF’INGLY, adv. Tumidly; with swell.
mast below the trusses, to prevent the puffen, to cuff, to thump, to buffet ; Dan. | 2. With vehement breathing or shortness of
yards from falling down when the ropes puff, a puff, blast, buffet; puffer, to erack ;| breath.
sustaining them are shot away. W. puf and pif. This is only a dialecti- PUFF’Y, a. Swelled with air or any soft
PUD/DING-GRASS, n. A plant of the ge- cal variation ofbuff, buffet; It. buffo, buffa, matter; tumid with a soft substance: as
nus Mentha. Fam. of Plants. bnffetto, beffa, wheuce buffoon; Sp. bufar, a puffy tumor. Wiseman.
PUD/DING-GROSS, n. A plant. Qu. to puff. The radical sense is to drive, to 2. Tumid; turgid; bombastic; as a puffy
Johnson. thrust, hence to swell. See Buffet and style. Dryden.
PUD/DING-PIE, n. A pudding with meat Buffoon. The Dutch orthography is pre- PUG, n. [Sax. Sw. pig, a little girl; Dan.
baked in it. Hudibras. oo
pige; W. bac, bycan; Sp. poco or pequeno,
PUDDING PIPE-TREE, xn. A plant of the cisely the Pers. Le, pof, a puff]
genus Cassia. Fam. of Plants. little ; Ir. beag, trom the root of pig, tnat
is, a shoot, as we use imp. See Beagle.]
PUD/DING-SLEEVE, n. A sleeve of the . Asudden and single emission of breath The name given to a little animal treated
full dress clerical gown. Swift. from the mouth; a quick forcible blast;
PUD/DING-STONE, n. Conglomerate ; aj a whiff. Philips. || with familiarity, as a monkey, a little dog,
coarse sandstone composed of. silicious }2. A sudden and short blast of wind.
&e. Spectator.
pebbles, flint, &c. united by a cement. Raleigh. PUGGERED, for puckered, is not in use.
Cleaveland.\ 3. A fungous ball filled with dust. } More.
 RU Pm UE PUL
PUGH, exclam. A word used in contempt PU’LIE, x. A plant. Ainsworth. general sense of tackle, to denote all parts
or disdain. PU’LICOSE, [L. pulicosus, from pulex,| of the machine for raising weights, of
PU'GIL, n. (It. pugillo, a handful; Fr. pu- PU’‘LI€OUS, fae flea.] Abounding with which the pulley forms a part.
gile; L. pugillun, from the root of pug- fleas. [JVot used.] Dict. PUL/LICAT, n. A kind of silk handker-
nus, the fist; probably coinciding with PU’LING, ppr. Crying like a chicken; chief.
the Greek avxvow, to make thick, that is, whining. PULLING, ppr. Drawing; making an ef-
to close or press.] PU'LING, n. A ery, as of a chicken; a fort to draw ; plucking.
As much as is taken up between the thumb whining. Bacon. PUL/LULATE, v. i. [L. pullulo, from pul-
and two first fingers. é Bacon. PU’LINGLY, adv. With whining or com- lus, a shoot.] 'To germinate ; to bud.
PU'GILISM, n. [L. Sp. pugil, a champion plaint. Granger.
or prize-tighter, from the Gr. avxzs, id. ; |PU'LIOL, n. A plant. Ainsworth. PULLULA/TION, n. A germinating or
nvyuy, the fist; 7v§, with the fist; zvxvow, PULK’HA, n. A Laplander’s traveling sled budding ; the first shooting of a bud.
to close or make fast; allied probably to or sleigh. More.
pack, L. pango. Class Bg.] |PULL, vt. (Sax. pullian; L. vello. Qu. PUL/MONARY, a. [L. pulmonarius, from
The practice of boxing or fighting with the | Eth. éh_ baleach. Class Bl. No. 7.] pulmo, the lungs, from pello, pulsus, pulso,
fist. ‘1. To draw ; to draw towards one or to make to drive or beat.]
PU‘GILIST, n. A boxer; one who fights | an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw; Pertaining to the lungs ; affecting the lungs;
with his fists. | we use draw when motion follows the asa pulmonary disease or consumption;
PUGILIS/TI€, a. Pertaining to boxing or | effort, and pull is used in the same sense; the pulmonary artery.
figiiting with the fist. | but we may also pull forever without PUL/MONARY, n. [L. pulmonaria.] A
PUGNA’CIOUS, a. (L. pugnax, from pug- | drawing or moving the thing. This dis- plant, lungwort. winsworth,
na, a fight; trom pugnus, the fist. See tincuion may not be universal. Pull is PULMON’I€, a. [Fr. pulmonique, from L.
Pugil.| | opposed to push. pulmo, the lungs.]
Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting;), | Then he put forth his hand and took her and Pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs;
quarrelsome ; fighting. More.|' pulled her in to him into the ark. Gen. viii. us a pulmonic disease ; pulmonic consump-
PUGNAC'ITY, n. Inclination to fight;2. To pluck; to gather by drawing or fore- tion.
quarrelsomeuess. [Litile used.] — Bacon. | ing off or out; as, to pull fruit; to pull PULMON’T¢€, n. A medicine for diseases
PUISNE, a. pu'ny. [Fr. puis, since, after- flax. of the lungs.
wards, and né, born.] 3. To tear; to rend; but in this sense fol- 2. One affected by a disease of the lungs.
1. In law, younger or inferior in rank; as a lowed by some qualifying word or phrase ; : Arbuthnot.
chief justice and three puisne justices of| | as, to pull in pieces; to pull asunder or PULP, n. [Fr. pulpe; L. pulpa. This is
the court of common pleas; the pursnel, apart. To pull in two, is to separate or probably allied to L. puls, pulmentum, Gr.
barons of the court of exchequer. tear by violence into two parts. moartos, from softness. Qu. from pulsus,
Blackstone.| To pull down, to demolish or to take in pieces beaten. |
2. Later in date. [Not used.] Hale. by separating the parts; as, to pull down}: 1. Asoft mass ; in general.
PU'ISSANCE, nx. [Fr. from pouvoir, to be a house. 2. The soft substance within a bone; mar-
able; L. posse, possum, potes, potest ; Sp. 2. To demolish ; to subvert; to destroy. row. Bacon.
In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is 3. The soft, succulent part of fruit; as the
poder, power, lt. podere.| Power; strength;
might ; force. Milton. Shak. easier to pull down than to build up. Howell. pulp of an orange.
PU'ISSANT, a. Powerful; strong; migh- 3. To bring down; to degrade; to humble. . The aril or exterior covering of a coftee-
ty; forcible ; as a puissant prince or em-) berry. Edwards, W. Ind.
pire. Milton. Raleigh. | To raise the wretched and pull down the PULP, v. ¢. To deprive of the pulp or integ-
PUISSANTLY, adv. Powertully ; with proud. Roscommon.
ument, as the coffee-berry.
great strength. To pull off, to separate by pulling; to pluck; The other mode is to pulp the coffee imme-
PUKE, v. i. |Heb. p3 to evacuate, to empty, also, to take off without force; as, to pull diately as it comes frem the tree. By a simple
off a coat or hat. machine, a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.
L. vacuo ; or pp. to burst forth; Ch. id., 'To pull oul, to draw out; to extract.
Edwards, W. Ind.
and ype: Qu. W. cyvogi, to vomit; cy 'To pull up, to pluck up; to tear up by the PUL’PIT, n. [L. pulpitum, a stage, scaffold,
is a prefix. Spew is probably from the}, | roots; hence, to extirpate; to eradicate; or higher part of a stage; It. Sp. pulpito;
same source; L. spuo, for spuco, with a to destroy. Fr. pupitre.]
prefix. The radical sense is to throw or PULL, n. The act of pulling or drawing 1. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a
drive.] To vomit; to eject from the | with force ; an effort to move by drawing church, in which the preacher stands. It
stomach. Shak. | towards one. Swift. is called also a desk.
PUKE, n. A vomit; a medicine which ex- la. A contest ; a struggle. Carew. 2. In the Roman theater, the pulpitum was
cites vomiting. ‘3. Pluck; violence suffered. Shak. the place where the players performed
PUKE, a. Of a color between black and PULL’BACK, n. That which keeps back, their parts, lower than the scena and
russet. Shak. | or restrains from proceeding. | higher than the orchestra. Encyc.
PU'KED, pp. Vomited. gee pp. Drawn towards one ; pluck-| 3. A movable desk, from which disputants
PU KER, x. A medicine causing vomiting. | ed. pronounced their dissertations, and au-
PU‘KING, ppr. Vomiting. PULL/EN, n. [Fr. poule,a hen, L. pullus. thors recited their works. Encye.
PUL/EHRITUDE, n. (L. pulchritudo, from | See Pullet and Foal.) Poultry. [Mot us-) PULPIT-EL’OQUENCE,? Eloquence
pulcher, beautiful. ] | -ed. Bailey.) PULPIT-OR/ATORY, f or oratory
1, Beauty ; handsomeness ; grace ; comeli- PULL’ER, xn. One that pulls. Shak. in delivering sermons.
ness; that quality of form which pleases PULL/ET, x. [Fr. poulet, dim. from poule,| Pulpiiically, in Chesterfield, is not an author-
More. | a hen; It. pollo; L. pullus ; Gr. mwros 5) ized word.
|
the eye. Brown.
2. Moral beauty; those qualities of the mind}, | coinciding with Eng. foal.] PULPIT-OR’/ATOR, mn. An eloquent
which good men love and approve. A young hen or female of the gallinaceous preacher.
South. | kind of fowls. Wiseman.| PULP‘OUS, a. [from pulp.] Consisting of
PULE, v.i. [Fr. piauler. This word be- PULLEY, n. plu. pulleys. (Fr. poulie ; Sp. pulp or resembling it; soft like pap.
longs probably to the root of bauwl, bellow, polla; L. polus ; Gr. mtonros, from ore, to Philips.
L. pello.} turn. | PULP/OUSNESS, n. Softness > the quality
1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon. |A small wheel turning on a pin in a block,| of being pulpous.
2. To whine; to cry as a complaining}: with a furrow or groove in which runs} PULP'Y, a. Like pulp; soft; fleshy; sue-
ehild: to whimper. | the rope that turnsit. culent; as the pulpy covering of a nut;
Tospeak puling like a beggar at halimass. The pulley is one of the mechanical
bg . . i]
the pulpy substance of a peach or cherry.
Shak. powers. The word is used also in the!) Ray. Arbuthnot.
 PU ih PUM PUN
PULS'ATE, v. t. [L. pulsatus, pulso, to PULTA‘CEOUS, a. [from Gr. modros, Lj the water is raised in the tube by a force
beat, from the root ofpello, to drive.]} To puls. See Pulp.) acerated ; softened ; applied to a lateral tube, near the bottom
beat or throb. nearly fluid. Beddoes. of the pump.
The heart ofa viper or frog will continue to PUL’/VERABLE, a. [from L. pulvis, dust, 2. A shoe with a thin sole. Swift.
pulsate long after it is taken from the body. probably from pello, pulso, or its root, that PUMP, v.i. To work a pump; to raise wa-
Darwin. which is beaten fine, or that which is ter with a pup.
PULS/ATILE, a. [L. pulsatilis, from pulso, driven. See Powder.) PUMP, v. t. To raise with a pump; as, to
to beat.] That may be reduced to fine powder ; ca- pump water.
That is or may be struck or beaten; played able of being pulverized. Boyle. 2. To draw out by artful interrogatories ; as,
by beating ; as a pulsatile instrument o \PUL/VERATE, v.t. To beat or reduce to to pump out secrets.
music. Mus. Dict. powder or dust. 3. To examine by artful questions for the
PULSA’TION, n. [L. pulsatio, supra.] The {But pulverize is generally used.] purpose of drawing out secrets.
beating or throbbing of the heart or o \PUL'VERIN,
\PUL/VERINE, ¢%
lAahaa’otibacill:
Ashes of barilla.
But pump not me for politics. Otway.
an artery, in the process of carrying on Chain-pump, isa chain equipped with a suf-
the circulation of the blood. The blood PULVERIZA’‘TION, x. [from pulverize.] ficient number of valves at proper distan-
being propelled by the contraction of the The act of reducing to dust or powder. ces, which working on two wheels, pass-
heart, causes the arteries to dilate, so as PUL'VERIZE, v. f. [It. polverizzare ; Fr! es down through one tube and returns
to render each dilatation perceptible to the pulveriser.] | through another. Mar. Dict.
touch in certain parts of the body, as in To reduce to fine powder, as by beating, PUMP’-BOLTS, n. Two pieces of iron,
the radial artery, &c. grinding, &c. Friable substances may one used to fasten the pump-spear to the
2. In law, any touching of another’s body be pulverized by grinding or beating ; but brake, the other as a fulcrum for the
willfully or in anger. This constitutes to pulverize malleable bodies, other meth-|| brake to work upon. Mar. Dict.
battery. ods must be pursued. Encyc.|| PUMP’-BRAKE, n. The arm or handle of
By the Cormelian law, pulsation as well as PUL’VERIZED, pp. Reduced to fine pow- a pump. Mar. Dict.
verberation is prohibited. Blackstone. der. PUMP’-DALE, n. A long wooden tube,
PUL'VERIZING, ppr. Reducing to fine used to convey the water froma chain-
PULS‘ATIVE, a. Beating ; throbbing. vowder.
Encye. pump across the ship and through the
PUL/VEROUS, a. Consisting of dust or|| side. Mar. Dict.
PULSA’TOR, x. A beater ; a striker. powder ; like powder.
Diet. PUMP’ER, 2. The person or the instru-
PULVER’ULENCE, n. Dustiness; abund-|| ment that pumps.
PULS‘ATORY, a. Beating ; throbbing; as ance of dust or powder.
the heart and arteries. Wolton. PUMP’-GEAR, n. The materials for fitting
PULVER’ULENT, a. Dusty; consisting of} and repairing pumps. Mar. Dict.
PULSE, n. puls. [L. pulsus, from pello, to fine powder ; powdery.
drive ; Fr. pouls.] 4 PUMP’-HOOD, n. A semi-cylindrical frame
2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the dust, of wood, covering the upper wheel ofa
1. In animals, the beating or throbbing o as fowls.
the heart and arteries; more particularly,| chain-pump.
PUL'VIL, n. A sweet scented powder. PUMP’ION, n. [D. pompoen, Sw. pomp, a
the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused [Little used.] Gay.|| gourd.]
by the projectile force of the blood, which PUL'VIL, v. ¢. To sprinkle with a perfum-
is perceptible to the touch. Hence we |A plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucurbi-
ed powder. [Not used.]} Congreve. ta.
say, to feel the pulse. The pulse is frequent PUMA, n. A rapacious quadruped of] PUMP’KIN,
or rare, quick or slow, equal or unequal, n. A pompion. [This is the
America, of the genus Felis. common orthography of the word in the
regular or intermitting, hard or soft, strong
PUMICE, nx. [L. pumex, supposed to be United States.}
or weak, &c. The pulses of an adult in from the root of spuma, foam; G. bimstein ;
health, are little more than one pulse to a D. puimsteen. | 'PUMP’-SPEAR, n. The bar to which the
second; in certain fevers, the number is
A substance frequently ejected from volca- upper box of a pump is fastened, and
increased to 90, 100, or even to 140 ina noes, of various colors, gray, white, red- which is attached to the brake or handle.
minute. dish brown or black; hard, rough and Mar. Dict.
2. The stroke with which a medium is af- porous ; specifically lighter than water, PUN, n. [Qu. W.pun, equal.] An expres-
fected by the motion oflight, sound, &c. ; and pesotine the slag produced in an sion in which a word has at once different
oscillation ; vibration. iron furnace. [t consists of parallel fibers, meanings ;an expression in which two
Sir Isaac Newton demonstrates that the velo- and is supposed to be asbestos decompos- different applications of aword present an
cities of the pulses of an elastic fluid medium ed by the action of fire. odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble
are ina ratio compounded of half the ratio of| or equivocation ; a low species of wit. Thus
the elastic force directly, and half the ratio of| Encyc. Nicholson.
Pumice is of three kinds, glassy, com- aman who had a tall wife named Expe-
the density inversely. Encyc. rience, observed that he had, by long: expe-
mon, and porphyritic. Ure.
To feel one’s pulse, metaphorically, to sound PUM'ICE-STONE, n. The same as pum- rience, proved the blessings of a married
one’s opinion ; to try or to know one’s ice. life.
mind. PUMI’CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pumice ; A pun can be no more engraven, than it can
PULSE, v. 7. To beat, as the arteries. [Lit- consisting of pumice or resembling it. be translated. Addison.
tle used.} Ray. PUMMEL. [See Pommel.] PUN, v.%. To quibble; to use the same
PULSE, v.¢. [L. pulso.] To drive, as the PUMP, n. [Fr. pompe, a pump and pomp; D. word at once in different senses.
pulse. [Little used.] pomp ; Dan. pompe ; Sp. bomba, a pump and Dryden.
PULSE, xn. [Qu. from L. pulsus, beaten out, a bomb. We see that pump, pomp, and bomb PUN, v. t. To persuade by apun. Addison.
as seeds; or Heb. Ch. 59) a bean, from are the same word, differently applied by PUNCH, n. [W. pwnc, a point; Arm. poen-
75 to separate.] different nations. The L. bombus is of the conn: Fr. poincon ; Sp. punzon; L. punc-
Leguminous plants or their seeds ;the plants same family, as is the Eng. bombast; Ir. tum, pungo.|
whose pericarp is a legume or pod, as buimpis, a pump; W. pwmp, a round An instrument ofiron or steel, used in seve-
beans, peas, &c. Milton. Dryden. mass. The primary sense of the root ral arts for perforating holes in plates of
PULSIE’IC, a. [pulse and L. facio, to make.] seems to be to swell.} metal, and so contrived as to cut outa
Mxciting the pulse ;causing pulsation. 1. A hydraulic engine for raising water, by) piece.
: Smith. exhausting the incumbent air of a tube or} PUNCH, n. [Sp. ponche; D. pons; G.
PUL/SION, n. [from L. pulsus.] The act pipe, in consequence of which the water, punsch ; Dan. pons, ponsh.]}
of driving forward; in opposition to suc- rises in the tube by means of the pressure’! A drink composed of water sweetened with
tion or traction. {Little used.] of the air on the surrounding water.| sugar, with a mixture of lemon juice and
More. Bentley.y There is however a forcing pump in which) spirit. Encyc. Swift,
 PUN PUN PUN
PUNCH, x. The buffoon or harlequin of a 1. Nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon. one versed in the Sanscrit language, and
puppet show. [See Punchinello.] 2. The point in fencing. Shak. in the science, laws and religion of that
PUNCH, n. A well set horse with a short PUN€/TUAL, a. (Fr. ponctuel ; It. puntu- country.
back, thin shoulders, broad neck, and well | ale; Sp. puntual; from L. punctum, a PUN‘DLE, nn. A short and fat woman.
covered with flesh. Far. Vict. point. } [Vol used. | Ainsworth.
9~ A short fat fellow. : 1. Consisting in a point; as this punctual
| Spot. [Little used.] Milton. PUN’GAR, n. A fish. Ainsworth.
PUNCH, v. t. [Sp. punzar; W. pynciaw ;L. (2. Exact; observant of nice points; pune- PUN‘GENCY, n. [L. pungens, pungo, to
pungo. In this word, n is probably casu- prick.]
al, and the root is Pg, of the same family tilious, particularly in observing time, ap-
pointments or promises: It is honorabie
1. The power of pricking or piercing ; as
as peg, pack, or pike, with the primary the pungency of a substance. Arbuthnot.
sense of driving or thrusting, a point. | in aman to be punctual to appointments,
or to appointed hours; it is just to be 2. That quality of a substance which pro-
1. To perforate with an iron instrument, punctual in paying debts. duces the sensation of pricking, or affect-
either pointed or not; as, to punch a hole
\3. Exact; as a punctual correspondence be- ing the taste like minute sharp points;
in a plate of metal. Wiseman. sharpness ; acridness.
tween a prediction and an event.
2. In popular usage, to thrust against with Power to pierce the mind or excite keen
something obtuse ; as, to punch one with
4, Done at the exact time ;as punctual pay-
ment. reflections or remorse ; as the pungency of
the elbow. a discourse,
PUN€’/TUALIST, n. One that is very ex-
PUNCH’BOWL, n. A bow] in which punch 4, Acrimoniousness; keenness ; as the pun-
act in observing forms and ceremonies. gency of wit or of expressions.
is made, or from which it is drank.
Milton.
PUNCH'ED, pp. Perforated with a punch. PUN€TUALITY, 2. Nicety ;scrupulous Stillingfleet.
PUNCH’EON, n. [Fr. poincon, a bodkin, a exactness. He served his prince with PUN'GENT, a. [L. pungens, pungo.] Prick-
puncheon.} punctuality. Howell. ing ; stimulating ;as pungent snuff.
1, A small piece of steel, on the end of 2. It is now used chiefly in regard to time. The pungent grains of titillating dust.
which is engraved a figure or letter, in He pays his debts with punctuality. He Pope.
creux or relievo, with which impressions is remarkable for the punctuality of his at- 2. Acrid ; affecting the tongue like small
are stamped on metal or other substance ; tendance. sharp points; as the sharp and pungent
used in coinage, in forming the matrices of PUN€'TUALLY, adv. Nicely ; exactly ; taste of acids. Newton.
types, and in various arts. Encye. with sernpulous regard to time, appoint- 3. Piercing ;sharp; as pungent pains ;pun-
2. In carpentry, a piece of timber placed up- ments, promises or rules; as, to a tenda gent grief. Suift.
right between two posts, whose bearing meeting punctually ; to pay debts or rent 4. Acrimonious ; biting. Fell.
is too great; also, a piece of timber punctually ; to observe punctually one’s en- PU'NI€, a. [L. punicus, pertaining to Car-
set upright under the ridge of a building, gagemeuts. thage or its inhabitants, from Peni, the
wherein the legs of a couple, &c. are PUN€’TUALNESS, n. Exactness; pune- Carthaginians ; qu. from Pheni, as Car-
jointed. Encyc. tuality. Felton. thage was settled by Phenicians. ]
3. A measure of liquids, or a cask contain- PUN€’TUATE, v. ¢. (Fr. ponctuer, from L. Pertaining to the Carthaginians; faithless ;
ing usually 120 gallons. Rum or spirits}, punctum, a point.] treacherous; deceitful ; as punic faith.
is imported from the West Indies in |To mark with points ; to designate senten- PU/NI€, n. The ancient language of the
puncheons, but these are often called also ces, clauses or other divisions of a wri- Carthaginians, of which Plautus has left
hogsheads. ting by points, which mark the proper a specimen. Asiat. Res.
PUNCH’ER, n. One that punches. pauses. M. Stuart. PU'NICE, x. A wall-louse; a bug. [.Voé
2. A punch or perforating instrument. PUN€’TUATED, pp. Pointed. —Fourcroy. in use. Ainsworth.
PUNCHINEL’LO, n. A punch; a buffoon. 2. Having the divisions marked with points. PUNI’'CEOUS, a. [L. puniceus. See Pu-
Tatler.
PUN€/TUATING, ppr. Marking with points. nic.] Purple. Dict.
|PUNCTUA’TION, n. In grammar, the act PU'NINESS, n. [from puny.] Littleness;
PUNCH/ING, ppr. Perforating with a or art of pointing a writing or discourse,
punch ; driving against. pettiness ;smallness with feebleness.
or the act or art of marking with points PUN‘ISH, v. ¢. [Arm. punicza; Fr. punir,
PUNCH’Y, a. Short and thick, or fat. | the divisions of a discourse into senten- punissant; It. punire; Sp. punir; from
PUNC’'TATE, L. punctus, pungo.] ces and clauses or members ofa sentence. L. punio, from the root of pena, pain.
PUN€’TATED, k@ Pointed. Punctuation is perfurmed by four points, The primary sense is to press or strain. ]
2. In botany, perforated ; full of small holes;| the period (.); the colon (:); the semico- To pain ; to afflict with pain, loss or ca-
having hollow dots scattered over the sur- | lon (;); and the comma(,). The ancients lamity for a crime or fault; primarily, to
face. Martyn. were unacquainted with punctuation ; they afflict with bodily pain, as to punish a
PUN€’TIFORM, a. {L. punctum, point, wrote without any distinction of members, thief with pillory or stripes ; but the word
aud form.) Having the form ofa point. periods or words. is applied also to affliction by loss of prop-
Ed. Encye. |PUN€’TULATE, v. t. [L. punctulum.| To erty, by transportation, banishment, seclu-
PUNETIL‘10, n. [Sp. puntilla ; It. puntig- mark with small spots. [Not used.] sion from society, &c. The laws require
lio; trom L. punctum, a point.] Woodward. murderers to be punished with death.
A nice point of exactness in conduet, cere- PUN€’TURE, n. [L. punctura; It. puntu- Other offenders are to be punished with
mony or proceeding ; particularity or ex- ra. fines, imprisonment, hard labor, &c. God
actness in forms ;as the punctilios of a |The es of perforating with a pointed in- punishes men for their sins with calami-
public ceremony. Addison. strument: or a small hole made by it; as ties personal and national.
PUN€TIL‘IOUS, a. Very nice or exact in the puncture of a nail, needle or pin. 2. To chastise ; as, a father punishes his
the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutu- A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. child for disobedience.
al intercourse ; very exact in the obsery- Rambler. 3. 'To reward with pain or suffering inflict-
ance of rules prescribed by law or cus- \PUN€’TURE, v. t. To prick; to pierce ed on the offender; applied to the crime ;
tom ; sometimes, exact to excess. with a small pointed instrument; as, to as, to punish murder or theft.
Rogers.|| puncture the skin. PUNISHABLE, a. Worthy of punish-
PUN€TIL'IOUSLY, adv. With exactness /PUNC’TURED, pp. Pricked ; pierced with
ment.
or great nicety. a sharp point. 2. Liable to punishment ; capable of being
PUN€TIL/IOUSNESS, n. Exactnessin the |PUNC’TURING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp punished by law or right ; applied to per-
observance offorms or rules; attentive to point. sons or offenses ;as,a man is punishable for
nice points of behavioror ceremony. .¢] robbery or for trespass ; a crime is punish-
PUNE'TO, n. [Sp. It. punto; L. punctum, |PUN’DIT, x. [In Persic, kz pand, learn- able by law.
from pungo, to prick.] PUN’ISHABLENESS, n. The quality of
ing-] In Hindoostan, a learned Bramin || deserving or being liable to punishment.
 Fu & PUR PUR
PUNISHED, pp. Afilicted with pain or feebleness; as a puny animal; a puny PUR, 2. The low murmuring continued
evil as the retribution of a crime or of- subject; a puny power ; a puny mind. sound of a cat.
fense ; chastised. Milton. South. Dryden. PURANA, n. Among the Hindoos, a sa-
PUN/ISHER, n. One that inflicts pain, loss PU'NY, n. A young inexperienced person ; cred poem or book. Asiat. Res.
or other evil for a crime or offense. a novice. South. PURAN'I¢€, a. Pertaining to the sacred
; Milton. PUP, v.7. [This word appears to be radical- poems of the Hindoos. Asiat. Res.
PUN’ISHING, ppr. Afflicting with pain, ly the same as the L. pupa, Eng. babe, W. PURBECK-STONE, n. A hard sandstone,
penalty or suffering of any kind, as the) pob, the root of populus.} the cement of which is calearious.
retribution ofa crime or offense. To bring forth whelps or young, as the fe- Nicholson.
PUNISHMENT, xn. Any pain or suffering male of the canine species. PUR’BLIND, a. [said to be from pore and
inflicted on a person for a crime or of- \PUP, n. A puppy. blind.|
fense, by the authority to which the offend- |PU’PA, n. [L. supra.] In natural history, an Near sighted or dim sighted; seeing ob-
er is subject, either by the constitution of insect in that state in which it resembles seurely; as a purblind eye; a purblind
God or of civil society. The punishment an infant in swaddling clothes. As some mole. Shak. Drummond.
of the faults and offenses of children by insects in this state have a bright exterior, PUR’BLINDNESS, n. Shortness of sight;
the parent, is by virtue ofthe right of gov-|) as if gilded, it has been called chrysalis or near sightedness; dimness of vision.
ernment with which the parent isinvested aurelia, from the Gr. zpvoos, and L. aurum, PUR’CHASABLE, a. [from purchase.} That
by God himself. This species of punish- gold; but as this gilded appearance be- may be bought, purchased or obtained for
ment is chastisement or correction. The longs to few insects, the term pupa is bow a consideration.
punishment of crimes against the laws is more generally used. PUR’CHASE, v.t. [Fr. pourchasser, to seek,
inflicted by the supreme power of the PUPIL, n. (L. pupilla,dim. of pupa, pupus. to pursue: pour and chasser, to chase, It.
state in virtue of the right of government, See Pup.] cacciare, Sp. cazar. This word seems to
vested in the prince or legislature. The The apple of the eye; alittle aperture in the be considered by Blackstone as formed
right of punishment belongs only to per- middle of the iris and uvea of the eye, from the L. perquisitio. This is an errer.
sons clothed with authority. Pain, loss through which the rays of light pass to The word is from the root of chase; pour-
or evil willfully inflicted on another for his the crystaline humor, to be painted on the chasser is to pursue to the end or object,
crimes or offenses by a private unauthori- retina. Encyc. and hence to obtain. In law Latin, pur-
zed person, is revenge rather than punish- PUPIL, n. [Fr. pupille; L. pupillus, dim. chase, the noun, was written purchacium.
ment. of pupa, pupus. See Pup.] The legal use of the word in obtaining
Some punishments consist in exile or 1. A youth or scholar of either sex under writs, Shows best its true origin ; to pur-
transportation, others in loss of liberty by the care of an instructor or tutor. Locke. chase a writ, is to sue out a writ, that is, to
imprisonment; some extend to confisca- 2. A ward; a youth or person under the seek it out; for sue, seek, and L. sequor, are
tion by forfeiture of lands and goods, oth- care of a guardian. Dryden. all of one origin, and synonymous with
ers induce a disability of holding offices, \3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age chase. See Blackstone, B. 3. Ch. 18. Spel-
of being heirs and the like. Blackstone. of puberty, that is, under 14 if a male, man ad voc.]
Divine punishments are doubtless de- and under 12 if a female. Encyc. . In its primary and legal sense, to gain,
signed to secure obedience to divine laws, iPU'PILAGE, n. The state of being a schol- obtain or acquire by any means, except
and uphold the moral order of created in- ar, or under the care of an instructor for by descent or hereditary right.
telligent beings. education and discipline. Locke. Blackstone.
The rewards and punishments of another life, 2. Wardship ; minority. Spenser. 2. In common usage, to buy ; to obtain prop-
which the Almighty has established as the en- In this latter sense, the Scots use pupil- erty by paying an equivalent in money.
forcements of his law, are of weight enough to arity. Beattie.
determine the choice against whatever pleas- PU’/PILARY, a. [Fr. pupillaire ; L. pupilla-
It differs from barter only in the circum-
ure or pain this life can show. Locke. stance, that in purchasing, the price or
ris.| Pertaining to a pupil or ward. equivalent given or secured is money ; in
PUNI’TION, n. [Fr. from L, punitio, from Johnson.
punio.| Punishment. [Little used.] bartering, the equivalent is given in goods.
PUNITIVE, a. [It. punitivo.}) Awarding or PUPIV'OROUS, a. [pupa and L. voro.] We purchase lands or goods for ready
inflicting punishment ; that punishes; as Feeding on the larvas and crysalids of in- money or on credit.
unilive law or justice. Hammond. sects. S. L. Mitchill. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger
PU'NITORY, a. Punishing or tending to PUP’PET, n. [Fr. poupée ; L. pupus. See or other sacrifice ; as, to purchase favor
punishment. Pup.| with flattery.
PUNK, xn. A prostitute ; a strumpet. 1. Asmall image in the human form, moved A world who would not purchase with a
Shak. by a wire in a mock drama ; a wooden bruise ? Milton.
PUN’NER, vn. A punster, which see. tragedian. Pope. 4. To expiate or recompense by a fine or
Steele. 2. A doll. forfeit; as, to purchase out abuses with
PUN'NING, ppr. [from pun.] Using a word 3. A word of contempt. Shak. tears and prayer. Shak.
at once in different senses. PUP’/PETMAN, The master of a 5. To sue out or procure, as a writ.
PUN’NING, n. The art or practice of using \PUP/PETM‘ASTER, :- buppet-show. PUR/CHASE, v. i. In seaman’s language, to
puns; a playing on words. Addison. Swift. draw in; as, the capstern purchases apace,
PUN’/STER, n. One that puns or is skilled PUP’PET-PLAYER, n. One that mana- that is, it draws in the cable apace, it gains
in punning ; a quibbler ; a low wit. ges the motions of puppets. Hales. it. Encye.
Arbuthnot. \PUP/PETRY, n. Affectation. Marston. PUR/CHASE, 2. [Norm. Fr. pourchas or
PUNT, v. 7. To play at basset and omber. PUP/PET-SHOW, xn. A mock drama per- purchas.]
Addison. formed by wooden images moved by 1 In law, the act of obtaining or acquiring
PUNT, n. [Sax. punt, L. pons, a bridge.) wires. Swift. Pope. the title to lands and tenements by money,
A flat-bottomed boat used in calking and \PUP/PY, n. [See Pup.| A whelp; the deed, gift or any means, except by de-
repairing ships. Mar. Dict. young progeny of a bitch or female of the scent; the acquisition of lands and tene-
PUNTER, n. One that plays in basset!| canine species. ments by a man’s own act or agreement.
against the banker or dealer. Encyc. 2. Applied to persons, a name expressing ex- Latlleton. Blackstone.
PUNY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisné, treme contempt. Addison. 2. In law, the suing out and obtaining a
which see.} |PUP’PY, v. t. To bring forth whelps. writ.
t. Properly, young or younger; but in this |PUP/PYISM, n. Extreme meanness. |'3. In common usage, the acquisition of the
sense not used, 2. Extreme affectation. Todd. title or property of any thing by rendering
9, Inferior; petty; of an under rate; small PUR, v. 7. To utter a low murmuring con- | an equivalent in money.
and feeble. This word generally includes, tinued sound, as a cat. It is foolish to Jay out money in the purchase
the signification of both smallness and ||PUR, v. t. To signify by purring. Cray. of repentance. Franklin
 PUR PUR PUR
4, That which is purchased; any thing of}]P U/RELY, adv. In a pure manner ; with PURG/ATIVE, n. A medicine that evacu-
which the property is obtained by giving an entire separation of heterogeneous or ates the bowels; a cathartic.
an equivalent price in money. foul matter. Is. i. PURGATO’/RIAL, Pertaining to purg-
The scrip was complete evidence of his right 2. Without any mixture of improper or vi- PURGATO'RIAN, ,® atory. Mede.
in the purchase. Wheaton. cious words or phrases. PURG’/ATORY, a. [L. purgatorius, from
3. Innocently ; without guilt. purgo, to purge.] :
5. That which is obtained by labor, danger, 4. Merely; absolutely ;without connection Tending to cleanse; cleansing ; expiatory.
art, &c. with any thing else; completely ; totally. Burke.
A beauty waning and distressed widow The meeting was purely accidental.
Made prize and purchase of his wanton eye— PURG’ATORY, n. [Fr. purgatoire.]| Among
Shak. PU/RENESS, x. Clearness ; an unmixed catholics, a supposed place or state after
state ; separation or freedom from any death, in which the souls of persons are
6. Formerly, robbery, and the thing stolen. heterogeneous or foreign matter; as the
Chaucer. purified, or in which they expiate such of-
pureness of water or other liquor; the fenses committed in this life, as do not
7. Any mechanical power or force applied pureness of a metal; the pureness of marl
to the raising or removing of heavy bod-
merit eternal damnation. After this pur-
or clay; the pureness of air. gation from the impurities of sin, the souls
ies. 2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. are supposed to be received into heaven.
PUR/CHASED, pp. Obtained or acquired May we evermore serve thee in holiness and Encyc. Stillingfleet.
by one’s own act or agreement. pureness of living. Com. Prayer.
2, Obtained by paying an equivalent in 3. Simplicity ; freedom from mixture or PURGE, v. t. purj. [L. purgo; Fr. purger ;
money. composition. Sp. purgar ; It. purgare; probably a de-
3. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c. An essence eternal and spiritual, of absolute rivative from the root of pure.|
PUR/CHASE-MONEY, n. The money paid pureness and simplicity. Raleigh. 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and car-
for any thing bought. Berkeley. 4, Freedom from vicious or,improper words, rying off whatever is impure, heteroge-
PUR/CHASER, n. In law, one who ac- phrases or modes of speech ; as pure- neous, foreign or superfluous ; as, to purge
quires or obtains by conquest or by deed ness of style. Ascham. the body by evacuation ; to purge the
or gift, or in any manner other than by ‘Pure villenage, in the feudal law, is a tenure Augean stable. Itis followed by away, of;
descent or inheritance. In this sense, the of lands by uncertain services at the will or off. We say. to purge away or to purge
word is by some authors written purcha- of the lord; opposed to privileged villen- off filth, and to purge a liquor of its scum.
sor. Blackstone. age. Blackstone. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defilement ;
rw). One who obtains or acquires the proper- IPUR/FILE, n. [Fr. pourfilée ; pow and as, to purge one of guilt or crime ; to purge
ty of any thing by paying an equivalent in le.] away sin.
money. Re of ancient trimming for women’s Purge away our sins, for thy name’s sake.
gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called Ps. Ixxix.
PUR/CHASING, ppr. Buying; obtaining Purge me with hyssop and I shall_be clean.
by one’s own act or for a price. also bobbin work. Bailey.
Ps. li.
PURE, a. [L. purus; It. Sp. puro; Fr. pur; (The thing and the name are obsolete.]
PUR/FLE, v. t. [Fr. pourfiler ; It. profilare. 3. To clear from accusation or the charge
W. pur; Sax. pur; Heb. 53. The verb of a crime, as in ordeal.
1 signifies to separate, free, clear; a See Projile.]
4. To remove what is offensive ; to sweep
sense taken from driving off. The word To decorate with a wrought or flowered bor- away impurities. Ezek. xx.
varied in orthography, occurs in Ch. Syr. der; to embroider ; as, to purfle with blue
and Ar. See 93 in the Introduction. and white, or with gold and pearl. Obs. 5. To clarify ;to defecate; as liquors.
Class Br. No. 7. and 6. 8. 9. 10.] Spenser. Shak. Milton. PURGE, v. 7%. To become pure by clarifica-
PUR’FLE, A border of embroidered tion.
i). Separate from all heterogeneous or extra-
2. To have frequent or preternatural evacu-
neous matter ; clear ; free from mixture ; PUR'FLEW, § work.
ations by stool.
as pure water ; pure clay ; pure sand; pure 2. In heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which
air; pure silver or gold. Pure wine is compose a bordure. Encye. PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the
very scarce. PURG/AMENT, n. [L. purgamen.] A ca- body by stool; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.
. Free from moral defilement ; without thartic. Bacon. PURG’ED, pp. Purified; cleansed ;evacu-
spot; not sullied or tarnished ; incorrupt ; PURGA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. purgatio. ated.
undebased by mora! turpitud¢; holy. See Purge.] PURG’ER, n. A person or thing that purg-
1K The act or operation of cleansing or pu- es or cleanses.
Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil.
Hab. i. Prov. xx. rifying by separating and carrying off im- 2. A cathartic.
purities or whatever is superfluous ; ap-
we Genuine; real; true; incorrupt ; unadul-| plied to the body ; as, the bowels are cleans-
PURGING, ppr. Cleansing ; purifying;
terated; as pure religion. James i. ed by purgation. So also in pharmacy and carrying off impurities or superfluous
Unmixed ; separate from any other sub- in chimistry, medicines, metals and mine- matter.
ject or from every thing foreign; as pure rals are purified by purgation. Encyc. PURG/ING, n. A diarrhea or dysentery ;
mathematics. In law, the act of cleansing from a crime, preternatural evacuation by stool ; loose-
Free from guilt ;guildess; innocent. accusation or suspicion of guilt. This ness of bowels.
No hand of strife is pure, but that which) was canonical or vulgar. Canonical pur- PURIFICA’TION, n. [Fr. from L. purifica-
wins. Daniel. gation, prescribed by the canon law, was tio. See Purify.]
i, Not vitiated with improper or corrupt performed before the bishop or his deputy, 1. The act of purifying ; the act or opera-
words or phrases; as a pure style of dis- and by a jury of twelve clerks. The par- tion of separating and removing from any
course or composition. ty accused first made oath to his own in- thing that which is heterogeneous or fo-
. Disinterested ; as pure benevolence. nocence, and then the twelve clerks or reign to it; as the purification ofliquors
. Chaste ; as a pure virgin. compurgators swore that they believed he} or of metals. Boyle.
Oa?. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit. i. spoke the truth; after which, other wit- 2. In religion, the act or operation of cleans-
10. Ceremonially clean ; unpolluted. Ezra nesses were examined upon oath, on be-)| ing ceremonially, by removing any pollu-
vi. half of the prisoner only. Vulgar purga- tion or defilement. Purification by wash-
il. Free from any thing improper; as, his tion was performed by the ordeal of fire ing or by other means, was common to the
motives are pure. or water, or by combat. [See Ordeal.] Hebrews and to pagans. The Moham-
12. Mere; absolute; that and that only; Blackstone. medans use purification as a preparation
unconnected with any thing else; as a PURG/ATIVE, «a. [It. purgativo ; Fr. purg- for devotion. 2 Chron. xxx. Esth. ii.
pure villain. He did that from pure com- atif. Luke ii. Encyc.
passion, or pure good nature. ea the power of cleansing; usually, 3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of
PURE, v. t. To purify; to cleanse. [JVot in having the power of evacuating the bow- sin; theextinction of sinful desires, appe-
use.| Chaucer.|| els; cathartic. tites and inclinations.
Vol. II. A7
 PUR PrueR PUR

PURIF/ICATIVE, Having power to of wine, of spirit; the purity of drugs ; the PURLOIN’ING, z. Theft; plagiarism.
PURIF/ICATORY, § “ * purify ; tending to purity of metals. PUR/PARTY, n. [Fr. pour and partie. part.)
2. Cleanness ; freedom from foulness or In law, a share, part or portion of an es-
cleanse.
PURIFIER, n. [from purify.) That which dirt; as the purity of a garment. tate, which is allotted to a eo-parcener by
purifies or cleanses; a cleanser ; a refi- The purity of a linen vesture. Holyday., partition. Cowel.
ner. Fire was held by the ancients to be 3. Freedom from guilt or the defilement of, PUR’PLE, a. [Fr. pourpré; L. purpureus;
an excellent purifier. sin; innocence; as purity of heart or| Sp. purpureo ; It. porporino; Gr. xoppupeos,
PU'RIFORM, a. [L. pus, puris and form.] life. from soppupa, L. purpura, a shell from
Like pus ; im the form of pus. 4. Chastity; freedom from contamination which the color was obtained.]
Med. Repos. by illicit sexual connection. Shak. 1. Designating a color composed of red and
PURIFY, v.t. [Fr. purifier; L. purifico ; 5. Freedom from any sinister or improper blue blended, much admired, and former-
purus, pure, and facro, to make.] views; as the purity of motives or de- ly the Roman emperors wore robes of this
1. To make pure or clear; to free from ex- signs. color.
traneous admixture; as, to purify liquors 6. Freedom from foreign idioms, from bar- '2. In poetry, red or livid; dyed with blood.
or metals; to purify the blood; to purify barous or improper words or phrases ; as I view a field of blood,
the air. purity of style or language. And Tyber rolling with a purple flood.
Dryden.
2. To free from pollution ceremonially ; to PURL, 1. [supposed to be contracted from
remove whatever renders unclean and un- purfle. Qu.]| PUR/PLE, n. A purple color or dress;
fit for sacred services. 1. An embroidered and puckered border. hence, imperial government in the Ro-
Purify yourselves and your captives on the Johnson. Bacon. man empire, as a purple robe was the dis-
third day, and on the seventh day purify all 2. A kind of edging for bone-lace. Bailey.) tinguishing dress of the emperors.
your raiment. Num. xxxi. PURL, n. A species of malt liquor; ale or Gibbon.
3. To free from guilt or the defilement of, beer medicated with wormwood or aro- 2. A cardinalate. Addison. Hume.
sin; as, to purify the heart. matic herbs. Bailey. Johnson. PUR’PLE, v. é. [L. purpuro.| To make pur-
Who gave himself for us, that he might re- PURL, n. Two rounds in knitting. ple, or to dye of a red color ; as hands
deem us from all iniquity, and purify to him- PURL, v.i. [Sw. porla ; W. freulaw, to purl, purpled with blood.
self a peculiar people, zealous of good works. to ripple; fraul,a rippling. It may be al- When mom
Tit. ii. lied to G. briillen, D. brullen, Dan. broler, Purples the east. Milton.
4. To clear from improprieties or barba- to roar, and to Eng. frill, trill and roll.] Reclining soft in blissful bowers,
risms; as, to purify a language. Sprat. . To murmur, as a small stream flowing Purpled sweet with springing flowers.
PURIFY, v.i. To grow or become pure or among stones or other obstructions, which Fenton.
clear. Liquors will gradually purify. occasion a continued series of broken) PUR’PLES, n. plu. Spots of a livid red on
Burnet. sounds. It is applied only to small) the body ; livid eruptions which appear in
PURIFYING, ppr. Removing foreign or streams. Large streams running in like! certain malignant diseases ;a purple fe-
heterogeneous matter ; cleansing from pol- manner, are said to roar. In descriptions ver.
lution; fining :making clear. of rural scenery, the poets seldom omit a PUR’PLISH, a. Somewhat purple.
PURIFYING, n. The act or operation of, purling brook or stream. m Boyle.
making pure, or of cleansing from extra- My flowery theme, PUR’PORT, 2x. [Fr. pour, for, and porter, to
neous matter or from pollution. A painted mistress or a purling stream. bear.]
PU‘RIM, n. Among the Jews, the feast of| Pope.
1. Design or tendency; as the purport of
lots, instituted to commemorate their de- 2. To flow or run with a murmuring sound. Plato’s dialogue. Norris.
liverance from the machinations of Ha- Around th’ adjoining brook that purls along 2. Meaning; 3 import; as the purport of a
man. Esth. ix. The vocal grove, now fretting o’er a rock. word or phrase.
PURIST, n. (Fr. puriste.] One excessively Thomson. PUR’PORT, v. t. To intend; to intend to
nice in the use of words. PURL, v. t. To decorate with fringe or em- show. Bacon.
Chesterfield. Johnson. broidery. B. Jonson. 2. To mean ; to signify.
PURITAN, n. [from pure.] A dissenter PURL, n. A gentle continued murmur ofa PUR’PORTED, pp. Designed; intended;
from the church of England. The puri- small stream ofrippling water. meant.
tans were so called in derision, on account PURLIEU, n. pur/lu. [Fr. pur, pure, and PUR’PORTING, ppr. Designing; intend-
of their professing to follow the pure word lieu, place.] ing ; importing.
of God, in opposition to all traditions and A border; a limit; a certain limited extent PUR’POSE, n. [Fr. propos: Sp. It. proposi-
human constitutions. Encye. or district; originally, the ground near a) to; L. propositum, propono; pro, before,
Hume gives this name to three parties; royal forest, which being severed fron: it, and pono, to set or place.]
the political puritans, who maintained the was made purlieu, that is, pure or free), 1. That which a person sets before himself
highest principles of civil liberty ;the pu- from the forest laws. Encye. as an object to be reached or accomplish-
ritans in discipline, who were averse to PUR’LIN, n. In architecture, a piece of tim- ed; the end or aim to which the view is
the ceremonies and government of the ber extending from end to end of a build-| directed in any plan, measure or exertion.
episcopal church ; and the doctrinal puri- ing or roof, across and under the rafters, We believe the Supreme Being created
tans, who rigidly defended the speculative to support them in the middle. Encyc. intelligent beings for some benevolent and
system of the first reformers. PURL/ING, ppr. [from purl.] Murmuring or glorious purpose, and if so, how glorious
PURITAN, a. Pertaining to the puritans,) gurgling, as a brook. and benevolent must be his purpose in the
or dissenters from the church of England.| PURL'ING, n. The continued gentle mur- plan of redemption! The ambition of
Sanderson. rour of a small stream. men is generally directed to one of two
PURITAN/IC, 2? Pertaining to the pu- PURLOIN,, v. t. [Fr. pour and loin, far off.) purposes, or to both; the acquisition of
PURITANICAL, § “ritans or their doc- See Eloign.] wealth or of power. We build houses for
trines and practice; exact; rigid; as pu- 1. Literally, to take or carry away for one’s the purpose of shelter; we labor for the
ritanical notions or opinions; puritanical self; hence, to steal; to take by theft. purpose of subsistence.
manners. Your butler purloins your liquor. Intention ; design. This sense, however,
PU/RITANISM, n. The notions or practice Arbuthnot.| is hardly to be distinguished from the
of puritans. Mountague. 2. To take by plagiarism; to steal from! former ; as purpose always includes the
PU'RITANIZE, v. i. To deliver the notions books or manuscripts. Dryden. end in view.
of puritans. Mountague. |PURLOIN’ED, pp. Stolen; taken by pla- Every purpose is established by counsel.
PURITY, n. [Fr. purité; L. puritas, from giarism. Prov. xx.
purus.| PURLOIN’ER, n. A thief; a plagiary. Being predestinated according to the purpose
1. Freedom from foreign admixture or he- PURLOIN/ING, ppr. Stealing ; committing of him who worketh all things after the coun-
terogeneous matter ; as the purity of water,| literary theft. sel of his own will, Eph. i.
 PUR PUR PUR
3. End; effect ;consequence, good or bad. Long purse, or heavy purse, wealth ; riches. 4. To seek; to use measures to obtain; as,
What good purpose will this answer? Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or want!| | to pursue a remedy at law.
We sometimes labor to no purpose. Men of resources. 5. To prosecute ; to continue. A stream
often employ their time, talents and money Sword and purse, the military power and proceeds froma lake and pursues a south-
for very evil purposes. : wealth of a nation. erly course to the ocean.
To what purpose is this waste? Matt. xxvi. PURSE, v. t. To put in a purse. He that pursueth evil, pursueth it to his own
4. Instance ; example. [.Vot in use.] Dryden. Milton. death. Prov. xi.
5. Conversation. {Vat in use.] Spenser. 2. To contract into folds or wrinkles. 6. To follow as an example ; to imitate.
Of purpose, on purpose, with previous de- Thou didst contract and purse thy brow.
Shak.
The fame of ancient matrons you pursue.
sign; with the mind directed to that ob- Dryden,
ject. On purpose is more generally used | PURS’ED, pp. Put in a purse. 7. To endeavor to attain to; to strive to
but the true phrase is ofpurpose. _ | 2. Contracted into folds or wrinkles. reach or gain.
PUR’POSE, v. t. To intend ; to design ; to, PURSENET, n. purs/nel. A net, the mouth We happiness pursue ; we fly from pain.
resolve; to determine on some end or ob- of which may be closed or drawn together Prior.
ject to be accomplished. — like a purse. Mortimer. 8. To follow with enmity ; to persecute.
Ihave purposed it, I will also do it. Is. PURSE-PRIDE, xn. Pride of money ; inso- This verb is frequently followed by after.
xlvi. Eph. iii. lence proceeding from the possession of Gen. xxxv.
Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had wealth. Hall. PURSUE, v. 7. To go on; to proceed; to
passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go! PURSE-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth; puff- continue; a Gallicism.
to Jerusalem. Acts xix. ed up with the possession of money or Ihave, purswes Carneades, wondered chim-
PUR/POSED, pp. Intended; designed ; ap- riches. ists should not consider— Boyle.
plied to things. PURS’ER, n. In the navy, an officer who PURSUED, pp. Followed ; chased; pros-
2. Resolved ; having formed a design or has charge of the provisions of a ship of| | eeuted ; continued.
resolution ; applied to persons. war, and attends to their preservation and \PURSU/ER, n. One that follows; one that
I am purposed that my mouth shall not trans- distribution among the officers and crew. chases; one that follows in haste with a
gress. Ps, xvii. Mar. Dict. view to overtake. Shak. Milton.
PUR/POSELESS, a. Having no effect. PURSINESS, a mistake for pussiness. [See PURSU/‘ING, ppr. Following ; chasing; has-
(Littte used.| Hall. tening after to overtake; prosecuting;
Pussy.]
PUR’/POSELY, adv. By design; intention- PURS'LAIN, x. [It. porcellana, porcelain] proceeding in; continuing.
ally ;with predetermination. and purslain; Sp. verdolaga, purslain, PURSUIT, n. [Fr. poursuite.] The act of
In composing this discourse, I purposely de- | following with a view to overtake; a fol-
clined all offensive and displeasing truths. which seems to be green leek, green),
Atterbury. plant. The Portuguese write very cor- lowing with haste, either for sport or in
So much they scorn the crowd, that if the} ruptly beldroega. The Latin is portulaca. hostility ; as the pursuit of game ; the pur-
throng See Leek.] suit of an enemy.
By chance go right, they purposely go wrong. A plant of the genus Portulaca. The sea 2. A following with a view to reach, accom-
Pope.| purslain is of the genus Atriplex. The plish or obtain; endeavor to attain to or
PUR’PRESTURE, n. [from Fr. pour aul tree sea purslain is the Atripler halimus.|| gain; ‘as the pursuit of knowledge ; the
prendre, pris, to take.} (See Purslain tree.) The water purslain|| pursuit of happiness or pleasure ; the pur-
In law, a nuisance, consisting in an inclo- is of the genus Peplis. Lee. | sutt of power, of honor, of distinction, of
sure of or encroachment on something) |PURS’LAIN-TREE, n. [L. halimus.] Al a phantom.
that belongs to the public ; as a house shrub proper for hedges. Proceeding ; course of business or occu-
erected or inclosure made on the king’s pation; continued employment with a
demesnes, or of a highway, &c. | PURSU'ABLE, a. [from pursue.] That may view to some end; as mercantile pursuits;
Blackstone. be pursued, followed or prosecuted. literary pursuits.
PUR’PRISE, n. (Fr. pourpris, supra.] A) Sherwood. 4. Prosecution ; continuance of endeavor.
close or inclosure ; also, the whole com-|
PURSU’/ANCE, n. [from pursue.] A follow- Clarendon.
pass of a manor. Bacon. ing; prosecution, process or continued PUR/SUIVANT, x. [Fr. poursuivant.] A
PUR’PURATE, n. A compound of purpu- exertion to reach or accomplish some- state messenger ; an attendant on the her-
ric acid and a salifiable base. Ure. thing ; asin pursuance of the main design. alds. Spenser. Camden.
PUR/PURE, n. In heraldry, purple, repre- 2. Consequence; as in pursuance of an or- PURS’Y, a corrupt orthography. [See
sented in engraving by diagonal lines. der from the commander in chief. Pussy.}
Encye. PURSU’ANT, a. [from pursue, or rather PUR’/TENANCE, n. [from the L. pertinens,
PUR’/PURIE, a. Purpuric acid is produced from Fr. poursuivant. | pertineo. See Appurtenance.]
by the action ofnitric acid upon the lithic) Done in consequence or prosecution of any Appurtenance ; but applied to the pluck of
or uric acid. Dr. Prout.|| thing ; hence, agreeable ; conformable. an animal, Ex. xii.
PURR, v.72. To murmur asa cat. [See Pur.] Pursuant to a former resolution, the house \PU/RULENCE, ? [L. purulentus, from
PURR, n. A sea lark. Ainsworth.| proceeded to appoint the standing com- (PU/RULENCY, § ue pus, purts, matter.]
PURRE, n. Cyderkin or perkin ; the liquor mittees. This measure was adopted pur- The generation of pus or matter; pus.
made by steeping the gross matter of; suant to a former order. Arbuthnot.
pressed apples. Encyc. PURSUE, v. t. [Fr. poursuivre ;pour and PU/RULENT, a. Consisting of pus or mat-
PUR’/RING, ppr. Murmuring as a cat. suivre, to follow, L. sequor; prosequor, or ter; partaking of the nature ofpus.
PURSE, n. purs. [Fr. bourse; It. borsa; Sp. persequor. See Seek.) Bacon.
Port. bolsa ; D. beurs ;G. borse ;Dan. bors; 1. To follow ; to go or proceed after or in \PURVEY, v. t. [Fr. pourvoir ; pour and voir,
L. byrsa, an ox hide; Gr. Bpoa, id. Qu.]) alike direction. The captain pursued the to see; L. provideo; It. provedere; Sp.
1. A small bag in which money is contained same course as former navigators have ta-|) | proveer. |
or carried in the pocket. It was formerly) ken. A subsequent legislature purswed 1. To provide ; to provide with convenien-
made of lether, and is still made of this the course of their predecessors. | ces, Dryden.
material by common people. It is usually’ 2. To take and proceed in, without following 2. To procure. Thomson.
of silk net-work. another. Captain Cook pursued a new PURVEY, v. z. To purchase provisions; to
2. A sum of money offered as the prize of and unexplored course. New cireumstan- provide. Milton.
winning in a horse race. | ces often compel us to purswe new expe- PURVEYANCE, n. Procurement of provis-
3. In Turkey, a sum of money, about £50 dients and untried courses. What course | ions or victuals.
sterling, or $222. shall we pursue ? 2. Provision ; victuals provided. Spenser.
4. The public coffers; the treasury; as, to' 3. To follow with a view to overtake; to |3. In English laws, the royal prerogative or
exhaust a nation’s purse, or the public follow with haste; to chase; as, to pursue | right of pre-emption, by which the king
purse, a hare ; to pursue an enemy, was authorized to buy provisions and ne-
 PUS BUS Pwr
ecessaries for the use of his household at(/2. To make an effort. PUS'/TULATE, v. f. [L. pustulatus. See
an apprized value, in preference to all his i At length F Pustule.|
subjects, and even without the consent of| Both sides resolv’d to push, we tried our)'To form into pustules or blisters.
the owner; also, the right of impressing 3. To make strength. Dryden. Stackhouse.
horses and carriages, &c.; a right abol- an attack. PUSTULE, n. pus‘! or pus'tul ; the former
The king of the south shall push at him. is the usual pronunciation in America.
ished by Stat. 12. Charles II. 24. Dan. xi. [Fr. pustule ; L. pustula ; from the root of
PURVEYOR, n. One who provides victuals, 4. To burst out.
push.|
or whose business is to make provision To push on, to drive or urge
forward; to A pimple or wheal; a.small push or erup-
for the table ; a victualer. Raleigh. hasten. Push on, brave men. tion on the skin. ‘Arbuthnot.
9, An officer who formerly provided or ex- PUSH, x. A thrust with a pointed instru-
acted provision for the king’s household. || Ynent, or with the end of a thing. PUS’TULOUS, a. [L. pustulosus.] Full of
Spenser. pustules or pimples.
: England.
3. One who provides the means of gratify-/i2, Any pressure, impulse or force applied; PUT, v. t. pret. and pp. put. [D. pooten, to
ing lust; a procurer ; a pimp; a bawd. as, to give the ball the first push. set or plant; poot, the foot; Dan. poder, to
Dryden. Addison. “Aiidison: graft; pode, a cion; Gr. pve, contracted
PUR'VIEW, n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu, purvieu, 3. An assault or attack. Watts. from pvdo or pute, whence gvror, a germ,
purvey ; Fr. pourvu, provided, from powr- 4. A forcible onset ; a vigorous effort. shoot or twig. We find the same word
voir. See Purvey.] Addison. in the L, puto, to prune, that is, to thrust
1. Primarily, a condition or proviso; but in 5. Exigence; trial; extremity. off, also to think or consider, that is, to
this sense not used. When it comes to the push, it is no more set in the mind, as we use suppose, L. sup-
2. The body of a statute, or that part which than talk. L Estrange. pono. But we see the English sense more
begins with “Be it enacted,” as distin- 6. A sudden emergence. Shak. distinctly in the compounds, imputo, to
guished from the preamble. 7. A little swelling or pustule; a wheal; a impute, that is, to put to or on; computo, to
Cowel. Encye. pimple ; an eruption. Bacon. compute, to put together. The Welsh
3. In modern usage, the limit or scope of a PUSHED, pp. Pressed; urged; driven. pwtan, to poke, to thrust, and pwtiaw, to
statute; the whole extent of its intention PUSHER, n. One that drives forward. butt, are doubtless the same word. The
or provisions. Marshall. PUSHING, ppr. Pressing; driving ;urging L. posui, from pono, is probably a dialec-
4, Superintendence. forward. tical orthography of the same root. See
The federal power—is confined to objects of| 2. a. Pressing forward in business ; enter- Class Bd. and Bs. The primary sense is
a general nature, more within the purview of prising ; driving ; vigorous. to thrust, throw, drive or send.]
the United States, than of any particular one. PUSHPIN, n. A child’s play in which pins . To set, lay or place; in a general sense.
[ Unusual.] Ramsay. are pushed alternately. LTEstrange. Thus we say, to put the hand to the face;
5. Limit or sphere intended ; scope ; extent. PUSILLANIM'ITY, n. [Fr. pusillanimite ; to put a book on the shelf; to put a horse
In determining the extent of information re- L. pusillanimitas ;pusillus, small, weak, in the stable; to put fire to the fuel; to put
quired in the exercise of a particular authority, and animus, courage. ] clothes on the body. God planted a gar-
recourse must be had to the objects within the Want of that firmness and strength of mind den and there he put Adam.
purview of that authority. which constitutes courage or fortitude ; 2. Put is applicable to state or condition, as
Federalist, Madison.
weakness of spirit; cowardliness ; that well as to place. Put him in a condition
PUS, n. [L.] The white or yellowish matter feebleness of mind which shrinks from tri- to help himself. Put the fortress in a
generated in ulcers and wounds in the fling or imaginary dangers. state of defense. The apostles were put
process of healing. Encye. It is obvious to distinguish between an act in trust with the gospel. We are often
PUSH, v.t. [Fr. pousser ;D. puis, a push; of pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or put in jeopardy by our own ignorance or
Sw. pisa, to swell; W. pos, growth, in- humility. South. rashness. We do not always put the best
crease; posiaw, to increase, or pwysaw, to PUSILLAN/IMOUS, a. [Fr. pusillanime; It. men in office.
press, to weigh. The sense is to thrust, pusillanimo, supra. | ow To repose.
press or urge. See Class Bz.] 1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of How wilt thou—put thy trust on Egypt for
1. To press against with force ; to drive or mind which constitutes courage, bravery chariots ? 2 Kings xviii.
impel by pressure; or to endeavor to drive and fortitude; being of weak courage; . To push into action.
by steady pressure, without striking ;op- mean spirited ;cowardly ; applied to per- Thank him who puts me, loth, to this re-
posed to draw. We push a thing forward sons ; as a pusillanimous prince. venge. Milton.
by force applied behind it; we draw by 2. Proceeding from weakness of mind or . To apply ; to set to employment.
applying force before it. We may push want of courage ; feeble; as pusillanimous No man having put his hand to the plow, and
without moving the object. counsels. Bacon. looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.
with the end of the PUSILLAN/IMOUSLY, adv. With want of) Luke ix.
iw To butt; to strike
horns; to thrust the points of horns courage. 6. To throw or introduce suddenly. He had
against. : PUSILLAN/IMOUSNESS, nx. Pusillanimi- no time to put ina word.
If the ox shall push a man-servant or maid- ty; want of courage. 7. To consign to letters.
He made a proclamation—and pvt it also in
servant—he shall be stoned. Ex. xxi. PUSS, n. [D. poes, puss, a fur tippet, and a writing. 2 Chron. xxxvi.
we) To press or urge forward ; as, to push an kiss ; Ir. pus, a cat, and the lip.] - To oblige; to require.
objection too far. 1. The fondling name of a cat. Watts. We are put to prove things which can hardly
He forewarns his care 2. The sportsman’s name for a hare. be made plainer. Tillotson.
With rules to push his fortune or to bear. Gay.
Dryden. PUS/SINESS, n. [from pussy.] A state of . To incite; to instigate ; to urge by influ-
ence. The appearance of a formidable
A, To urge; to drive. being swelled or bloated ; inflation ; hence, enemy put the king on making vigorous
Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as shortness ofbreath. preparations for defense.
are apt to procure honor to the actor. Spectator. PUS/SY, a. [Fr. poussif, from pousser, to
This put me upon observing the thickness of
5. To enforce ;to press; to drive to a con- push ; Sw. pdésa, to swell or inflate; Ir.
the glass. Newton.
clusion. baois, lust, vanity; allied to boast. This
We are pushed for an answer. word has been written pursy, evidently
Swift. These wretches put us upon all mischief, to
feed their lusts and extravagances. Swift.
6. To importune ; to press with solicitation; by mistake. We have the word probably
to tease. from the French poussif, from pousser, to 10. To propose; as, to pul a question to the
To push down, to overthrow by pushing or push.] witness ; to put a case in point.
impulse. re Properly, inflated, swelled; hence, fat, short 11. To reach to another. Hab. ii.
PUSH, v. 7. To make a thrust; as, to push and thick; and as persons of this make 12. To bring into a state of mind or temper.
with the horns or with a sword, labor in respiration, the word is used for Solyman, to put the Rhodians out of all sus-
Dryden. Addison. short breathed, picion of invasion— Knolles.
 EU TP Poww'T PUT
13. To offer; to advance. To pul on or upon, to impute; to charge; To put trust in, to confide in; to repose con-
I am ashamed to put a loose indigested play as, to put one’s own crime or blame on fidence in.
upon the public— Dryden. another. To pul up, to pass unavenged ; to overlook ;
14. To cause. i 2. 'To invest with, as clothes or covering ; as, not to punish or resent; as, to put up inju-
The natural constitutions of men put a wide to put on a cloke. ries; to pul up indignities.
difference between them. Locke. 3. To assume; as, to put on a grave counte- Such national injuries are not to be put up,
To put about, to turn; to change the course ; nance ; to pué on a counterfeit appearance. but when the offender is below resentment.
to gibe ship. : Mercury—put on the shape of a man. Addison.
To put by, to turn away; to divert. L’ Estrange. [I have never heard this phrase used in
The design of the evil one is to put thee by 4. To forward ; to promote. America. We always say, to put up with ;
from thy spiritual employment. Taylor. This came handsomely to put on the peace. we cannot put up with such injuries.|
A fright hath put by an ague fit. Grew. Obs. Bacon. 2. To send forth or shoot up, as plants ; as,
2. To thrust aside. 5. To impose; to inflict. to put up mushrooms. Obs. Bacon.
Jonathan had died for being so, That which thou puttest on me, I will bear. 3. To expose ; to offer publicly; as, to put
Had not just God put by th’ unnatural blow. 2 Kings xviii.
Cowley. To be put upon, to be imposed on ; to be de- uegoods to sale or auction.
To put down, to baffle ;to repress ; to crush ; 4. 'To start from a cover. Obs. Spectator.
ceived ; used chiefly in the passive form. 5. To hoard.
as, to put down a party. To put over, to refer; to send.
2. To degrade ; to deprive of authority, pow- For the certain knowledge of that truth, Himself never put up any of the rent.
er or place. I put you o’er to heaven and to my mother. Spelman.
3. To bring into disuse. Shak. 6. To reposit for preservation ; as, to put up
Sugar hath put down the use of honey. Obs. 2. To defer; to postpone. The court put apples for winter.
Bacon. over the cause to the next term. 7. To pack; to reposit m casks with salt
4. To confute; to silence. To put out, to place at interest ; to lend at for preservation ; as, to put up pork, beef
Mark now how a plain tale shall put you use. Money put out at compound interest, or fish.
down. Shak. 8. To hide or lay aside. Put up that letter.
nearly doubles in eleven years.
To put forth, to propose ; to offer to notice. 9~ To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, : Shak.
Sampson said, I will now put forth a riddle 9. To put in a trunk or box; to pack; as,
to you. Judges xiv. lamp or fire ; to put out the remains of af-
fection. Addison. to put up clothing for a journey.
2. To extend; to reach; as, to put forth the 3. To send; to emit; to shoot; as a bud or
PUT, v.%. To go or move; as, when the
hand. sprout; as, to put out leaves.
3. To shoot out ; to send out, as a sprout; as, . To extend; to reach out; to protrude ; air first puts up. Obs. Bacon.
2. To steer.
to put forth leaves. as, to put out the hand.
4. To exert; to bring into action ; as, to put 5. To drive out ; to expel; to dismiss. His fury thus appeas’d, he puts to land.
Jorth strength. Dryden.
When I am put out of the stewardship. 3. To shoot; to germinate.
5. To publish, as a book. Luke xvi.
To put in, to introduce among others; as, 6. To publish ;to make public; as, to put The sap puts downward. Bacon.
to put ina word while others are discours- out a pamphlet, [Vow vulgar.] To put forth, toshoot; tobud; to germinate.
ing. 7. To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; Take earth from under walls where nettles
2. To insert; as, to put in a passage or as, to put one out in reading or speaking. put forth. Bacon.
clause ; to put ina cion. To put out the eyes, to destroy the power o 2. To leave a port or haven. Shak.
3. To conduct into a harbor. sight ; to render blind. To put in, to enter a harbor; to sail into
To put in fear, to affright; to make fearful. To put to,to add; to unite; as, to put one port.
To put ir mind, to remind; to call to remem- sum to another. 2. To offer a claim. A puts in for a share
brance. 2. To refer to; to expose; as, to put the of profits.
To put in practice, to use; to exercise; as, fate of the army or nation to a battle ; to To put infor, to offer one’s self; to stand as
to put in practice the maxims of the wise put the safety of the state to hazard. a candidate for. Locke.
man. 3. To punish by; to distress by; as, to pul To put off, to leave land.
To put into another’s hands, to trust ; to com- a man ¢o the rack or torture. To put on, to urge motion; to drive vehe-
mit to the care of. To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to mently.
To put off, to divest ; to lay aside; as, to put perplex; to give difficulty to. To put over, to sail over or across. Abbot.
offa robe ; to put off mortality or the mor- O gentle lady, do not put me to °t. Shak. To put to sea, to set sail; to begin a voy-
tal body ; to put off haughty airs. To be put to it, in the passive form, to have age; to advance into the ocean. Dryden.
2. To turn aside froma purpose or demand; difficulty. To put up, to take lodgings; to lodge. We
to defeat or delay by artifice. I shall be hard put to it to bring myself off. put up at the Golden Ball.
I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistices Addison. 2. To offer one’s self as a candidate.
hopes to put me off with a harangue. Boyle. To put the hand to, to apply; to take hold; I’Estrange.
This is an unreasonable demand, and we to begin; to undertake ; as, to put the hand To put up to, to advance to, [Little used.]
might put him off with this answer. Bentley. to the plow. See Deut. xii. 7. Swift.
To delay ; to defer; to postpone. How 2. To take by theft or wrong; to embezzle. To put up with, to overlook or suffer without
generally do men put off the care of their Then shall an oath of the Lord be between recompense, punishment or resentment ;
salvation to future opportunities ! them both, that he hath not put his hand to as, to put up with an injury or affront.
. To pass fallaciously ;to cause to be cir- his neighbor’s goods. Ex. xxii. 2. To take without opposition or dissatisfac-
culated or received ; as, to put off upon the To pul to the sword, to kill; to slay. Bacon. tion; as, to put up with bad fare.
world some plausible reports or ingenious To put to death, to kill. This verb, in all its uses, retains its pri-
theory. To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by ob- mary sense, to sel, throw, thrust, send, &c. ;
5. To discard. stacles or difficulties. but its signification is modified in a great
The clothiers all put off To put to trial, or on trial, to bring before a variety of ways, by other words standing
The spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers— court and jury for examination and decis- in connection with it.
- Shak. ion. PUT, n. An action of distress; asa forced
6. To recommend; to vend; to obtrude. 2. To bring to a test; to try. put. L’ Estrange.
Bacon. To put together, to unite in a sum, mass or 2. A game at cards.
7. To vend; to sell. compound; to add; as, to put two sums PUT, n. [Qu. W. put, a short thick person.]
8. To pass into other hands; as, to put 0, together ; put together the ingredients. A rustic ; a clown.
a_ counterfeit coin or note. 2. ‘o unite; to connect. Put the two chains PUT, n. [Fr. putain; W. putan; It. putta,
9. 'To push from land; as, to put off the together. puttano ; Sp. puta.| A strumpet; a pros-
boat. 3. To place in company or in one society.|| titute.
 Pu T PG RY R
Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to 3. Proceeding from putrefaction or pertain- PYGMY, x. [Fr. pygmée; It. pigmeo; L.
be so; a vulgar or at least inelegant ing to it; as a putrid scent. pygmeus ;Gr. mvypavs, from avyyn, the
phrase. : Burton.) PU’TRIDNESS, The state of being pu- st; as big as the fist.]
PU'TAGE, xn. [See Put, a prostitute.] In /PUTRIDITY, bn. trid ;corruption. A dwarf; a person not exceeding a cubit in
law, prostitution or fornication on the part Floyer. highth. This appellation was given by
of a female. Cowel. PU’TRY, a. Rotten. [Not used.] the ancients to a fabulous race of beings
PU'TANISM, n. [Fr. putanisme.] Custom- Marston. inhabiting Thrace, who waged war with
ary lewdness or prostitution of a female. PUT’TER, x. [from put.] One who puts or the cranes and were destroyed. — Encyc.
PUTATIVE, a. [Fr. putatif; It. putativo ; places. L Estrange. PYL/AGORE, n. [Gr. xvaayopas.] In an-
from L. puto, to suppose. ] PUT’TER-ON, n. An inciter or instigator. cient Greece, a delegate or representative
Supposed ; reputed ;commonly thought or Shak. ofa city, sent to the Amphictyonic coun-
deemed; as the putative father of a child. PUT’TING, ppr. [from put.| Setting ; plac- cil. Mitford.
PU’TID, a. (L. putidus, from puteo, to have ing; laying. PYLOR‘TE€, a. Pertaining to the pylorus;
an ill smell ; W. pwd.]} Mean ; base ; PUT’TING-STONE, n. In Scotland, a stone as the pyloric artery.
worthless. L’Estrange. Taylor. Jaid at the gates of great houses for trials PYLO’RUS, n. [Gr. avarepos, from nvan, a
PU’TIDNESS, n. Meanness; vileness. | of strength. Johnson. Pope. gate.]}
PUT’LOG, n. A short piece of timber used PUT’TOE, n. A kite. Spenser. The lower and right orifice of the stomach.
in seaftolds. Moxon. \Pultoc-shrouds, probably a mistake for fut- Coxe.
PUT-OFF, n. An excuse; a shift for eva- toc-shrouds. |PYR/A€ANTH, n. [Gr. avpoxorda, fiery
sion or delay. L’Estrange. PUT'TY, n. (Sp. Port. potea.} A kind off thorn.]
PUTRED/INOUS, a. [from L. putredo, paste or cement compounded of whiting A plant; a kind of thorn of the genus Mes-
from putreo, putris.] and lintseed oii, beaten or kneaded to the pilus. Mason. Lee.
Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking consistence of dough; used in fastening PYRAL'LOLITE, a. ([Gr. ap, fire, aaros
of the putrefactive process; having an of- glass in sashes and in stopping crevices. and a:Gos; alluding to its changes of color
fensive smell. Floyer. 2. A powder of calcined tin, used in polish- before the blowpipe.]
PUTREFA€’TION, xn. [Fr. from L. putre- ing glass and steel. Encye. A new mineral found in Finland, massive
factio; pulris, putrid, and facio, to make.) PUZ’ZLE, v. t. [from the root of pose, which and in erystals, friable and yielding to the
A natural process by which animal and ve- see.] knife. Its color is greenish. Cleaveland.
getable bodies are disorganized and dis- 1. To perplex ; to embarrass; to put to a PYR’/AMID, n. [Fr. pyramide ; It. piramide ;
solved, or reduced to their original sepa- stand; to gravel. L. pyramis ; Gr. zvpapes. The origin and
rate elements. Putrefaction is greatly ac- A shrewd disputant in those points, is dexter- composition of this word are not ascer-
celerated by heat and moisture. ous in puzzling others. More. tained. Itis supposed that the Gr. xvp,
PUTREFA€’TIVE, a. Pertaining to putre- He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed fire, forms one of its component parts;
faction ; as the putrefactive smell or pro- amidst his own blunders. Addison. but W. bera is a pyramid, and a stack of
cess. 2. To make intricate ; to entangle. corn.]
2. Tending to promote putrefaction; caus- A solid body standing on a triangular, square
The ways of heaven are dark and intricate,
ing putrefaction. Brown. Puzzl’din mazes and perplex’d with error. or polygonal base, and terminating in a
PU/TREFIED, pp. Dissolved ; rotten. Addison. point at the top; orin geometry, a solid
PU’/TREFY, v. t. [F. putrefier; L. putrefa- figure consisting of several triangles,
cio ;putris, putrid, and facto, to make.] |PUZ'/ZLE, v. i. To be bewildered; to be
awkward. DLEstrange. whose bases are all in the same plane,
1. To cause to dissolve; to disorganize and and which have one common vertex.
reduce to the simple constituent elements, PUZ’ZLE, n. Perplexity ; embarrassment. Encyc.
as animal or vegetable bodies; to cause to Bacon.
The pyramids of Egypt may have been
rot. Heat and moisture soon putrefy dead PUZ’ZLED, pp. Perplexed; intricate ; put erected to the sun, during the prevalence
flesh or vegetables. to a stand. of Sabianism.
2. To corrupt; to make foul; as, to putrefy PUZ’ZLE-HEADED, a. Having the head A pyramid is formed by the meeting of
the air. [Little used.] Shak. full of confused notions. Johnson. three or more planes at a point termed
3. To make morbid, carious or gangrenous ; |PUZ’‘ZLER, n. One that perplexes. the apex. Phillips.
as, to putrefy an ulcer or wound. \PUZ’ZLING, ppr. Perplexing ; embarrass- PYRAM'IDAL, a. [Fr. pyramidale ; It. pira-
Wiseman. Temple. ing; bewildering. midale.| Pyramidical.
PU/TREFY, v. i. To dissolve and return |PUZ’ZOLAN, bn A loose porous volean- PYRAMID‘I€AL, a. Having the form ofa
to the original distinct elements, as ani PUZZOLA‘NA, §°” ic substance or stone. pyramid.
‘|
mal and vegetable substances deprived o PYC'NITE, n. (Qu. Gr. avxvos, compact.} The particles of earth being cubical, those
the living principle ; to rot. A mineral, the shorlite of Kirwan, or shorl- of fire, pyramidical. Enfield on Plato.
PUTRES’CENCE, n. [from L. putrescens, ous topaz of Jameson. It usually ap- A pyramidical rock. Goldsmith.
putresco.| pears in long irregular prisms or cylin-| PYRAMID/I€ALLY, adv. In the form of
The state of dissolving, as an animal or ders, longitudinally striated, and united in a pyramid. Bacon.
vegetable substance ; a putrid state. bundles. Werner. Cleaveland. |PYRAM’IDOID, [pyramid and Gr.
Brown. PY€/NOSTYLE, n. [Gr. avxvos, thick, and PYR/AMOID, ™ e805, form.]
svaos, column. ]
A solid figure, formed by the rotation ofa
PUTRES/CENT, a. Becoming putrid ; pass- semi-parabola about its base or greatest
ing from an organized state into the con- In ancient architecture, a building where the ordinate.
stituent elements. Brown. columns stand very close to each other; PYR/AMIS, n. [L.] A pyramid. Bacon.
2. Pertaining to the process ofputrefaction ; only one diameter and a half of the col- PYRE, n. [L. pyra.] A funeral pile; a pile
as a putrescent smell. umn being allowed to each intercolumni-
ation.
to be burnt.
Encye. PYR’ENITE, x. A mineral of a grayish
Pope.
PUTRES’CIBLE, a. That may be putrefi-
ed; liable to become putrid; as putresci- PYE, n. [probably a contracted word, and black color, found in the Pyrenees, ‘and
ble substances. Ramsay, Hist. the same as pie, a mass. | considered as a variety of garnet. It oc-
PU’TRID, a. [Fr. putride; L. putridus, A confused mass; the state of printing types curs in minute rhombic dodecahedrons.
from putris, putreo.] when the sorts are mixed.
1. In a state of dissolution or disorganiza- IPYE, n. A bird. [See Pie.] Cleaveland.
PYRETOL/OGY, n. [Gr. xvperos, fever,
tion, as animal and vegetable bodies; cor- PY’/GARG, (Gr. zvyapyos.] A fowl of from zvp, fire, and Aoyos, discourse. ]
rupt; rotten; as putrid flesh. PYG‘ARGUS, §”" the genus Falco, the fe- A discourse or treatise on fevers,orthe doc-
Indicating a state of dissolution ; tending male of the hen harrier. Ed. Encye. trine of fevers. Hooper.
to disorganize the substances composing (PYGME/AN, a. Pertaining to a pygmy or PYR’GOM, n. A mineral, called also fassa-
the body; malignant; as a putrid fever. dwarf; very small; dwarfish. Milton.) ite.
 PY R PY R Bee x
PYR'TFORM, a. [L. pyrum, a pear, and PYROMAN’TIE, a. Pertaining to pyro-| PYROTECH NIC, qa, (Gr. xvp, fire,
form.| Waving the form ofa pear. mancy. PYROTECH’NI€AL, § ° and zen, art.]
Gregory. PYROMAN'TIE, x, One who pretends to) Pertaining to fire works or the art of form-
PYRITA’'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pyrite. divine by fire. Herbert. ing them.
[See Pyritic.| Lavoisier. PYROM’ETER, n. [Gr. zp, fire, and ter por, PYROTECH'NIES, n, Supra.]_ The art
PYRITE, x. plu. pyrites. [Gr. auperns, from) measure. | |PYR/OTECHNY, “of making fire
nvp, fire.] | 1. An instrument for measuring the expan- works; or the science which teaches the
Fire-stone ; a genus of inflammable substan- sion of bodies by heat. | management and application of fire in its
ces composed of sulphur and iron or other || 2. An instrument for measuring degrees of various operations, in gunnery, rockets,
metal; a sulphuret of iron or other metal. |} heat above those indicated by the mercu-, &e.
|
Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, rial thermometer; as the pyrometer of; PYROTECH NIST, n. One skilledinpyro-
And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends. || Wedgewood. techny. Stevens.
Darwin. ||
PYROMU'CITE, x. A combination of py-, PYROT TIE, a. (Gr. xvpow, to burn.] Caus-
[I have anglicized this word, according romucous acid with another substance. tic. (See Caustic.]
to Darwin and the French mineralogists ; PYROMU’€OUS, a. [Gr. avp, fire, and L.)
making pyrites a regular plural.] PYROT'I€, n. A caustic medicine.
mucus. |
PYRIT‘I€, Pertaining to pyrite 3 |The pyromucous acid is obtained by the dis- PYR/OXENE, n. [Gr. avp, fire, and eros, a
PYRIT’ICAL, > a. consisting of or resem- tillation of sugar or other saccharine sub- stranger; a guest in fire, unaltered. |
PYRITOUS, bling pyrite. | stance. Augite. Ure.
PYRITIF’EROUS, a. [pyrite and L. fero,) \PYR/OPE, n. [Gr. xvpaztos; zup, fire, and A species of minerals of the class of stones,
to produce. | Containing or producing) wr, face.] which has been named voleanic shor! ;
pyrite. |A mineral regarded as a variety of garnet,| but it is a family which comprehends ma-
PYRITIZE, v. t. To convert into pyrite. occurring in small masses or grains, never ny substances of different appearances.
Ed. Encyc.|| in crystals. Its color is apoppy or blood It is almost always erystalized, but in
complicated forms. Dict. Nat. Hist.
PYRITOL/OGY, x. [pyrite and Gr. Aoyos,) red, frequently with a tinge of orange.
discourse.] A discourse or treatise on pyr-| i Brochant. Cleaveland. PYROXEN’'TE, a. Pertaining to pyroxene,
ites. Fourcroy.|PYR/OPHANE, n. [Gr. xvp, fire, and gavos, or partaking ofits qualities. Humboldt.
PYR/OGOM, n. A variety of diopside. clear. ] ; PYR’/RHIE, nx. [L. pyrrhichius; Gr. avp-
Ure. A mineral which in its natural state is pcxtos, from xvppexy. a nimble dance.]
PYROL/ATRY, n. (Gr. xvp, fire, and Aa- opake, but rendered transparent by heat. 1. In poetry, a foot consisting of two short
tpeca, Worship.] ‘The worship of fire. | Kirwan. syllables.
Young. |PYROPH’/ANOUS, a. Rendered transparent 2. An ancient military dance.
PYROLIG/NEOUS, ) [Gr. mvp, fire, and| by heat. PYRRHON’'TE, a. Pertaining to Pyrrhon-
PYROLIG NIE, a. L. ligneus, from) PYROPH/OROUS, a. Pertaining to or re- ism.
PYROLIG/NOUS, lignum, wood.] sembling pyrophorus. PYR’RHONISM, n. [from Pyrrho, the
Generated or procured by the distillation of PYROPH’ORUS, xn. [Gr. mvp, fire, and founder of the sceptics.] Scepticism; uni-
wood ; a term applied to the acid obtain- popos, bearing. | versal doubt.
ed by the distillation of wood. Chimistry. |A substance which takes fire on exposure to PYR/RHONIST, n. A sceptic; one who
PYROLIG'NITE, n. [supra.] A salt form-) air, or which maintains or retains light. | doubts of every thing.
ed by the combination of pyroliguous) Thomson.
acid with another substance. |PYTHAGO’REAN, n. A follower of Py-
| PYROPHYS’/ALITE. {See Topaz and thagoras, the founder of the Italic sect of
PYROLITH€, a. [Gr. avp, fire, and a1905,)) Physatlite.] philosophers.
stone.] PYROR’THITE, n. A mineral little known, PYTHAGO’/REAN,
The pyrolithic acid is an acid of recent dis- | Belonging to the
resembling orthite, but very different from PYTHAGOR’Te, a. philosophy of Py-
covery. It is obtamed from the silvery |
it, for it burns in the flame of the blow- PYTIHAGOR‘TI€AL,
white plates which sublime from uric acid | thagoras.
pipe like charcoal; whereas orthite melts.
concretions, when distilled in a retort. || Pyrorthite is in black plates, thin and al-|
PYTHAG’ORISM, n. The doctrines of Py-
PYROL/OGIST, n. [See Pyrology.] A be- | thagoras. More.
most parallel. Dict. Nat. Hist.
liever in the doctrine of latent heat. PYTH/IAN, a. [from Pythia, the priestess
Black. \PYR’‘OSCOPE, n. [Gr. mvp, fire, and oxonza,| of Apollo. ]
to view. | |
PYROL/OGY, xn. [Gr. avp, fire, and acyos, An instrument for measuring the pulsatory Pertaining to the priestess of Apollo, who
discourse. | motion of the air, or the intensity of heat delivered oracles.
A treatise on heat; or the natural history radiating from a fire. Leslie. PYTH/ONESS, xn. [from L. Pytho, Gr.
of heat, latent and sensible. Mitchill. |/PYROS'MALITE, x. A mineral of a liver mv$or, a dragon or serpent.]
PYROM/ALATE, n. [See Pyromalic.] A brown color, or pistachio green, occurring) A sort of witch ; also, the female or priestess
compound of malic acid and a salifiable in six sided prisms, of a lamellar struc- who gave oracular answers at Delphi, in
base. Jre. | ture, found in Sweden. Phillips. Greece. Mitford.
PYROMA‘LI€, a. [Gr. mvp, fire, and L. |PYROT‘ARTARITEC, (Gr. xvp, fire, |PYTHON’I€, a. Pretending to foretell fu-
malum, an apple.] |PYROT‘ARTAROUS, ‘® and tartar.] ture events.
The pyromalic acid is a substance obtained | Denoting an acid obtained by distilling pure
by distillation from the malic acid. || tartrite of potash. PYTH/ONIST, x. A conjurer.
PYR/OMANCY, n. [Gr. up, fire, and uar- |PYROTARTRITE, x. A salt formed by PYX, n. [L. pyvis; Gr. mvés.] The box in
zeta, divination.) Divination by fire. the combination of pyrotartarous_ acid which the catholics keep the host.
Encye. | with another substance. Hooper.' Cranmer.
 Q.
QUA QUA QUA
2. To boast ;to bounce; to talk noisily and great circles of the globe, and graduated.
Q is the seventeenth letter of the English ostentatiously ;as, pretenders to medical It is filled to the meridian and movable
Alphabet ;an articulation borrowed from skill quack of their cures. Hudibras. round to all points of the horizon. It
the oriental koph or qoph, Ch. and Heb. p> QUACK, n. [from the verb.] A boaster; serves as a scale in measuring altitudes,
one who pretends to skill or knowledge azimuths, &c. Encyc.
Samaritan YP, Syriac 5, Arabic 5 Kaf. QUADRANT‘AL, a. [supra.] Pertaining
which he does not possess. Felton.
It is supposed to be an articulation more 2. A boastful pretender to medical skill to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth
deeply guttural than that of K ; indeed it which he does not possess; an empiric; part of acircle ; as quadrantal space.
might have been pronounced as we pro- an ignorant practitioner. Addison. Derham.
nounce qu; for we observe that in the QUACK’ERY, n. The boastful pretensions QUADRANT/AL, n. [supra.] A vessel used
Latin language, from which the moderns or mean practice of an ignoramus, par- by the Romans; originally called amphora.
have borrowed the letter, it is always fol- ticularly in medicine ;empiricism. It was square and contained 80 pounds of
lowed by u, as itis in English. This let- QUACK‘ISH, a. Like a quack; boasting water. Encyc.
ter is not in the Greek alphabet. In our of skill not possessed ; trickish. —Burke. QUAD/RAT, xn. [L. quadratus, squared.}
mother tongue, the Anglo Saxon, this let- QUACK’ISM, n. The practice of quackery. 1. In printing, a piece of metal used to fill
ter is not used ; but in the place of qu, cu, Ash the void spaces between words, &c.
or more generally, cw is used ; as in cwic, QUACK’LED, Almost choked or suf- Quadrats are of different sizes; as m-
quick ; cwen, queen. ‘This letter is super- QUACK’ENED, § “* focated. quadrats, &c.
fluous; for ku or koo, in English, have QUACK’SALVER, n. [Sw. quvacksalfvare; 2. A mathematical instrument, called also
precisely the same sounds as qu. Itis al- quack and salve.| a geometrical square, and line of shadows.
ledged that in expressing q, the cheeks are One who boasts of his skill in medicines and Encyc.
contracted, and the lips put into a canu- salves, or of the efficacy of his prescrip- QUAD‘/RATE, a. Square; having four
lar form, for the passage of the breath; tions; a charlatan. Brown. Burton. equal and parallel sides.
circumstances which distinguish it from QUAD, a. [D. kwaad.] Evil; bad. [ot 2. Divisible into four equal parts. Brown.
k. This appears to be a mistake. This used. | Gower. 3. Square ; equal; exact. Howell.
position of the organs is entirely owing to QUAD/RAGENE, n. [(L. quadrageni.) A 4. Suited; fitted; applicable; correspond-
the following letter w; and kuestion and papal indulgence multiplying remissions ent. Harvey.
question are pronounced precisely alike, by forties. Taylor. QUAD/RATE, x. A square; asurface with
and with the same configuration of the QUADRAGES'IMA, n. [L. qvadragesimus, four equal and parallel sides.
organs. For qu in English, the Dutch fortieth, from quatuor, four.| Wotton. Milton.
use kw, the Germans qu, the Swedes Lent; so called because it consists of forty 2. In astrology, an aspect of the heavenly
and the Danes qv, which answer to our days. Encye. bodies, in which they are distant from
kw. The Gothic has a character which QUADRAGES/IMAL, a. [supra.] Belong- each other ninety degrees, or the quarter
answers to gu. It appears then that q is ing to Lent; used in Lent. Sanderson. ofa circle; the sameas quartile. Dict.
precisely k, with this difference in use, QUADRAGESIMALS, n. plu. {supra.] QUAD/RATE, v. i. [L. quadro; Fr. quad-
that q is always followed by w in English, Offerings formerly made to the mother rer, cadrer.|
and k is not. Q never ends an English church on mid-lent Sunday. To suit; to correspond; to agree with; to
word. Itsname cue, is said to be from the QUAD/RANGLE, n. [L. quadratus, square, be accommodated ; followed by with.
French queue, a tail. Aristotle’s rules for epic poetry—cannot be
from quatuor, four, and angulus, angle.] supposed to quadrate exactly with modern he-
As a numeral, Q stands for 500, and with a In geometry, a quadrilateral figure ; a square ;
roie poems. Addison.
dash, Q, for 500,000. a figure consisting of four sides and four QUADRATI€, a. Square; denoting a
Used as an abbreviation, Q. stands for quan- angles. Encye. square or pertaining to it.
tity, or quantum ; as among physicians, q. QUADRAN’GULAR, a. [supra.] Square ; Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation
pl: quantum placet, as much as you please; having four sides and four angles. in which the unknown quantity is of two
q. 8. quantum sufficit, as much as is requir- Woodward. dimensions, or raised to the second power ;
ed, or as is sufficient. 2. In botany, having four prominent angles, or one in which the highest power of the
Among mathematicians, Q. E. D. stands for as a stem or leaf. Martyn. unknown quantity is a square.
quod erat demonstrandum, which was to be QUAD'RANT, n. [L. quadrans, a fourth.) Encyc. Bailey.
demonstrated ;Q. E. F. quod erat facien- 1. The fourth part ; the quarter. Brown. QUAD/RATRIX, x. A square or squared
dum, which was to be done. 2. In geometry, the quarter of a circle; the figure. Bailey.
In the notes of the ancients, Q. stands for are of acircle containing ninety degrees; 2. In geometry, a mechanical line by means of
Quintus, or Quintius ; Quint. for Quintil- also, the space or area included between which we can find right lines equal to the
ius; and Ques. for questor. this are and two radii drawn from the circumference of circles or other curves
In English, Q. is an abbreviation for ques- center to each extremity. Encye. and their several parts. Encyc.
tion. 3. An instrument for taking the altitudes of QUAD/RATURE, n. [L. quadratura.] The
QUAB, n. [G. quappe; D. kwab; Dan. the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy act of squaring; the reducing of a figure
qvabbe.| and navigation. Quadrants are variously toasquare. ‘Thus the finding of asquare
A fish of Russian rivers, which delights in made, but they all consist of the quarter which shall contain just as much area as
clear water. Dict. Nat. Hist. of a circle whose limb is divided into a circle or a triangle, is the quadrature of e
Oa
QUACHIL’TO, n. A Brazilian fowl of the ninety degrees ; or, as in Hadley’s reflect- that cirele or triangle. Encye.
moor-hen kind, of a fine black color varie- ing quadrant, an are of forty five de- 2. A quadrate; a square. Milton.
gated with white. Its voice resembles the grees is made to serve the same purpose 3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when
crowing of a cock. Dict. Nat. Hist. as an are of ninety degrees. distant from the sun 90 degrees or a quar-
QUACK, v. i. [D. kwaaken, G. quaken, Quadrant of altitude, an appendage of the ter of the circle ;or when the moon is atan
Dan. qvakker, to croak.} artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass equal distance from the points of con-
§. To cry like a duck or goose. King.| of the length of a quadrant of one of the junction and opposition.
 QUA QUA QUA
Quadrature of curves, in mathematics, the QUADRINO/MIAL, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, QU‘AFF, v. t. [Fr. coiffer, to cap or hood ;
finding of rectilineal figures containing and nomen, name. | se coiffer, to fuddle, or be fuddled, from
the same areas as figures bounded by Consisting of four denominations or terms. coiffe, a hood. But qu. In the Ethiopic,
curved lines. D. Olinsted. Dict. NOD ee. quaf or kwof, is to draw, to draw
QUAD‘REL, n. [1t. quadrello.] In archi- QUADRIP/ARTITE, a. [L. quadra, quatu-
tecture, a kind of artificial stone made of or, and partitus, divided. | out. Ludolf, 407. In Arabic, .(5 is to
chalky earth and dried in the shade for Divided into four parts, or consisting of four
two years ; so called from being square. corresponding parts. drink largely, or to devour, as food.} To
Encye. QUADRIP/ARTITELY, adv. In four di- drink ; to swallow in large draughts.
QUADREN'NIAL, a. [L. quadriennium; visions; in a quadripartite distribution. He quaffs the muscadel. Shak.
quadra or quadrans, from quatuor, four, QUADRIPART!’TION, n. A division by ‘They in communion sweet
and annus, year.] ; four or into four parts; or the taking the Quaff immortality and joy. Milton.
1. Comprising four years; as a quadrennial fourth part of any quantity or number. QU‘AFF, v. 7. To drink largely or luxuri-
period. Dict. ously. South. Dryden.
2. Occurring once in four years; as quad- QUADRIPH/YLLOUS, a. [L. quadra, qua- QUAFFED, pp. Drank ; swallowed in
- rennial games. tuor, four, and Gr. @varov, leaf.] Having} large draughts.
QUADREN’NIALLY, adv. Once in four four leaves. QU‘AFFER, n. One that quaffs or drinks
ears. QUAD/RIREME, n. [L. quadriremis; qua- largely.
QUAD RIBLE, a. [L. quadro, to square.] luor, four, and remus, oar.] QU‘AFFER, v. t. To feel out. [Wot in use.|
That may be squared. Derham. A galley with four benches of oars or row- Derham.
QUADRICAP’SULAR, a. [L. quadra and ers. Mitford. QU‘AFFING, ppr. Drinking ; swallowing
capsula.| |QUADRISYL’LABLE, n. [(L. quadra, qua- draughts.
In botany, having four capsules to a flower ; twor, and syllable.| A word consisting of; QUAG’GY, a. [supposed to be from the
as a quadricupsular pericarp. Martyn. four syllables. root of guake.]
QUADRIDEC'IMAL, a. [L. quadra and }\QUAD/RIVALVE, In botany, hav- Yielding to the feet or trembling under the
decem.| |QUADRIVALV’'ULAR, ,@ jie four valves ; | foot, as soft wet earth.
In crystalography, designating a crystal four-valved ; as a quadrivalve pericarp. __ | QUAG’MIRE, n. [thatis, quake-mire.] Soft
whose prism or the middle part has four Martyn. wet land, which has a surface firm enough
faces and two summits, containing togeth- QUAD/RIVALVES, | n. plu. [L. quadra, to bear a person, but which shakes or
er ten faces. quatuor, aud valva, valve.} A door with yields under the feet.
QUADRIDEN'TATE, a. (L. quadra aud tour folds or leaves. Tusser. Shak. More.
dentatus, toothed.) |QUADRIVIAL, a. {L. quadrivium ; qua- QUAHAUG, n. quaw/hog. In New Eng-
In botany, having four teeth on the edge. tuor, four, and via, way.] Having four ways land, the popular name of a large species
Martyn. of clams or bivalvular shells.
meeting in a point.
QUAD/RIFID, a. [L. quadrifidus ; quadra [This name is probably derived from the
QUADROON’, n. [L. quadra, quatuor.] In
and findo, to divide.] Spanish America, the offspring of a mu-
natives. |
In botany, four-cleft, as a quadrifid periauth ; latto woman by a white man; a person QUAID, a. or pp. [for quailed.| Crushed,
cut into four segments, with linear sin- subdued, or depressed. [./Vot used.]
quarter-blooded. Clavigero.
uses and straight margins, as a quadrifid QUAD/RUMAN, n. [L. quadra and manus, | Spenser.
leaf. Martyn. | QUAIL, v. t. (Quail, in English, signifies
hand.]
QUADRIJU’/GOUS, a. [L. quadra and ju- to sink or Janguish, tocurdle, and to crush
jAn animal having four hands or limbs that
gum, yoke. | or quell. The Italian has quagliare, to
correspond to the hands of a man, as a
In botany, pinnate, with four pairs of leaf- monkey. Lawrence, Lect. curdle, and the Sax. cwellan, to quell, and
lets; as a quadrijugous leaf. QUAD/RUMANOUS, a. Having four hands; the D. kwaal is disease. If these are of
QUADRILAT’ERAL, a. [L. quadra, or
four-handed. Lawrence, Lect. one family, the primary sense is to shrink,
quatuor, four, and latus, side.] Having
QUAD’/RUNE, n. A gritstone with a caleari- to withdraw, and transitively, to beat
four sides and four angles. ous cement.
down. In W. cwl signifies a flagging or
QUADRILATERAL, n. A figure having drooping ; cwla, faint, languid.]
QUAD/RUPED, a. [L. quadrupes ; quadra,
four sides and four angles; a quadrangu- quatuor, four, and pes, foot.] Having four 1. To sink into dejection; to languish; to
lar figure. Encye. legs and feet. fail in spirits. [Lattle used.]
QUADRILAT’ERALNESS, n. The prop- QUAD/RUPED, 2. An animal having four Shak. Knolles.
erty of having four right lined sides, form- 2. To fade ; to wither. Obs. Hakewill.
legs and feet, asa horse, an ox, a lion,
ing as many right angles. Dict. QUAIL, ». 7. [Fr. eailler; Sp. cuajar; Port.
&e.
QUADRILIT’ERAL, a. [L. quadra, or qua- coalhar ; It. quagliare, to curdle ;W. caul,
tuor, four, and Lilera, letter.] QUAD’/RUPLE., a. [L. quadruplus ;quadra, a calf’s maw, rennet, chyle, a curd ; ceu-
Consisting of four letters. quatuor, and plico, to fold.] law, to curdle. The sense is to contract.]
Parkhurst. Asiat. Res. Fourfold; four times told; as, to make quad- To curdle ; to coagulate ; as milk.
ruple restitution for trespass or theft. Bailey.
QUADRILLE, n. quadril’, or cadril/. [Fr.] QUAD’/RUPLE, n. Four times the sum or
i. A game played by four persons with 40 QUAIL, v.t. [Sax. cwellan.| To crush; to
number ; as, to receive quadruple the depress ; to sink ; to subdue. [This or-
cards, being the remainder of the pack af-
amount in damages or profits. thography is obsolete. The word is now
ter the four tens, nines and eights are dis- QUADRU'PLICATE, a. Fourfold ; four
carded. Encye. written quell.| Spenser.
times repeated ; as a quadruplicate ratio QUAIL, n. [It. quaglia ; Fr. caille; Arm.
2. A kind of dance. or proportion.
QUAD ’RILOBATE, coaill. |
[L. quadra, or qua- QUADRU’PLICATE, v. t. [L. quadruplico ;
QUAD/RILOBED, a “tuor, four, and A bird of the genus Tetrao or grous kind,
quatuor and plico, to fold,|_ To make four-|| or according to Latham’s arrangement, of
lobe, Gr. 2060s.| fold: to double twice. |)
Tn botany, having four lobes; as a quadrilobed QUADRUPLICA’TION, n. The act of ma- | the genus Perdix, in which he compre-
leaf. Martyn. hends the partridge and quail. In ew
king fourfold and taking four times the England, the name is applied to a peculiar
QUADRILO€'ULAR, a. [L. quadra, qua- simple sum or amount. species of the perdix, which is called part-
tuor, and loculus, a cell.| QUAD/RUPLY, adv. To a fourfold quanti-|) ridge in the middle states, but it is neither
Having four cells; four-celled; as a quadri- ty ; as, to be quadruply recompensed. | the partridge nor quail of Europe.
| locular pericarp. Mariyn. Swift! Q CN ppr. Failing ; languishing.
_ QUAD/RIN, n. [L. quadrinus.] A mite; a QUAERE, [L.] inquire; better written| OS.
small piece of money, in value about a, query, Which see. \QUAILING, n. The act of failing in spirit
farthing. [Not in use.| Bailey. QUASTOR. [See Questor.] or resolution; decay. Obs. Shak.
Vol. UH. AS
 QUA QUA QUA
furnishing with legal power; abating ;
QUAIL-PIPE, n. A pipe or call for allur- QUALIFIABLE, a. {from qualify.] That | tempering ; modifying ; restraining. ~
ing quails into a net; a kind of lethern| may be qualified; that may be abated or
purse in the shape of a pear, partly filled, modified. Barrow. ‘QUALITY, n. [L. qualitas, from qualis,
| such; Fr. qualité; Sp. calidad; It. quali-
with horse hair, witha whistle at the end. QUALIFICA’TION, n. [Fr. See Qualify.]
Encye. 1. Any natural endowment or any acquire- tix; Ir. cail.}
ment which fits a person for a place, of- 1. Property ;that which belongs to a body
QUAINT, a. [Old Fr. coint, Arm. coent, fice or employment, or enables him to | or substance, or can be predicated of it.
coant, pretty. In Norman French, coint sustain any character with success. In- Qualities are natural or accidental. Thus
is familiar, affable, and accoinet, is very tegrity and talents should be considered whiteness is a natural quality of snow;
necessary or familiar. The latter word, as indispensable qualifications for men en- softness is a natural quality of wool and
would lead us to refer quaint to the Latin trusted with public affairs; but private in- | fur; hardness is a natural quality of metals
accinclus, ready, but Skinner thinks it! terest and party-spirit will often dispense and wood; figure and dimension are the
more probably from comptus, neat, well with these and all other qualifications. natural qualities of solids; but a particular
dressed. | There is no qualification for government but | figure, as a cube, a square or a sphere, is
. Nice; scrupulously and superfluously ex- virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive. an accidental or adventitious quality. The
act; having petty elegance; as a quaint Burke. fluidity of metals is an accidental quality.
phrase ; a quaint fashion. qualifi- Essential qualities are such as are neces-
Sidney. Shak. 2. Legal power or requisite ; as the sary to constitute a thing whatit is. Sen-
cations of electors. sible qualities are such as are perceptible
To show how quaint an orator you are. A Raleigh.
Sh ak. 3. Abatement; diminution. to the senses, as the light of the sun, the
4, Modification ; restriction ; jimitation.
2. Subtil; artful. Obs. Chaucer. Words or expressions may be used in a color of cloth, the taste of salt or sugar,
3. Fine-spun ; artfully framed. | general sense, without any qualification. ZC.
Shak. Milton. QUALIFIED, pp. Fitted by accomplish- 2. Nature, relatively considered ; as the
4. Affected ; as quaint fopperies. Swift.| ments or endowments ; modified.
quality of an action, in regard to right and
5. In common use, odd; fanciful ; singular; Qualified fee, in law, a base fee, or an estate
wrong.
and so used by Chaucer. Other creatures have not judgment to exam-
which has a qualification annexed to it,) ine the quality of that which is done by them.
QUA/INTLY, adv. Nicely; exactly; with and which ceases with the qualification, Hooker.
petty neatness or spruceness ; as hair more as a grant to Aand his heirs, tenants of the 3. Virtue or particular power of producing
quaintly curled. B. Jonson. manor of Dale.
| certain effects ; as the qualities of plants
2. Artfully. Qualified negative, in legislation, the power or medicines.
Breathe his faults so quaintly. Shak. of negativing bills which have passed the 4, Disposition ; temper.
3. Ingeniously ; with dexterity. two houses of the legislature; a power To-night we'll wander through the streets,
I quaintly stole a kiss. Gay. vested in the president, governor or oth- and note
er officer, but subject to be overruled and The qualities of people. Shak.
QUA/INTNESS, n. Niceness; petty neat-| defeated by a subsequent vote of the two
ness or elegance. 5. Virtue or vice; as good qualities, or bad
houses, passed in conformity with the pro-
There is a majesty in simplicity, which is far} qualities. Dryden.
visions of the constitution.
above the quaintness of wit. Pope.| U. States. W. Smith. \6. Aequirement 3 accomplishment ; as the
2. Oddness ; peculiarity. qualities of horsemanship, dancing and
Qualified property, is that which depends on fencing. Clarendon.
QUAKE, v. i. [Sax. cwacian ;G. quackeln 3} temporary possession, as that in wild ani-|| \7. Character.
mals reclaimed.
Eth. UMN hwyk, to shake, to agitate.]) The attorney partakes of both qualities, that
1. To shake; to tremble; to be agitated, QUAL/IFIEDNESS, n. The state of being of a judge of the court, and that of attorney
with quick but short motions continually) qualified or fitted. general. Bacon.
repeated ;to shudder. Thus we say, a QUALIFIER, n. He or that which quali- 8. Comparative rank ; condition in relation
person quakes with fear or terror, or with) fies ;that which modifies, reduces, tem- to others; as people of every quality.
cold. Heb. xii. pers or restrains. Junwus.
We obtained acquaintance with many citi-
9, Tu shake with violent convulsions, as well: QUALIFY, v. t. [Fr. qualifier; It. qualifi- zens, not of the meanest quality. Bacon.
as with trembling; as, the earth quakes;) care; Sp. calificar; L. qualis, such, and 9, Superior rank; superiority of birth or
the mountains quake. Neh. i. facio, to make.]
station; as persons of quality; ladies of
3. To shake, tremble or move, as the earth 1. To fit for any place, office, occupation or quality.
under the feet ; as the quaking mud. character; to furnish with the knowledge,
Pope. skill or other accomplishment necessary 10. Persons of high rank, collectively.
for a purpose; as, to qualify a man for a I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in
QUAKE, v.t. To frighten ; to throw into judge, for a minister of state or of the | my fethers, that the quality may see how pret-
agitation. [Vot used.] Shak. gospel, fora general or admiral. Holi- ty they will look in their traveling habits.
QUAKE, n. A shake ; a trembling; ashud-| Addison.
ness alone can qualify men for the society
der; a tremulous agitation. Suckling.| of holy beings. QU‘ALM, n. quam. [D. kwaal, disease ;
QUA/KER, n. One that quakes ; but usual-| 2. To make capable of any employment or kwaalyk, sick ;G. quélen, to pain or vex.
ly, one of the religious sect called friends.| privilege; to furnish with legal power or In G. qualm is steam, vapor, exhalation;
This name, quakers, is said to have been capacity ; as, in England, to qualify aman D. kwalm, id. The Danish qvalm signifies
given to the sect in reproach, on account to kill game. vapor, steam, fume, exbalation; qualmer,
of some agitations which distinguished, 3. To abate; to soften; to diminish ; as, to to ramble ; det giver qvalme, it rises in the
them; but it is no longer appropriated to) qualify the rigor ofa statute. stomach. The latter is the English word.]
them by way of reproach. | I do not seek to quench your love’s hot fire, 1. A rising in the stomach, as it is. common-
QUA’KERISM, n. The peculiar manners, But qualify the fire’s extreme rage. Shak. ly called; a fit of nausea, or a disposition
tenets or worship of the quakers. | 4. To ease; to assuage. or effort of the stomach to ejectits con-
Spenser.
Milner. Boswell.) 5. To modify; to restrain; to limit by ex- ; tents.
QUA’KERLY, a. Resembling quakers. | ceptions; as, to qualify words or expres- 2, stomach A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the
; a sensation of nausea ; as qualms
Goodman.| sions, or to qualify the sense of words or} of heart-sickagony. Milton.
QUA/KERY, n. Quakerism. phrases.
For who, without a qualm, hath ever look’d
QUA/KING, ppr. Shaking ; trembling. 6. To modify; to regulate; to vary; as, to
On holy garbage, though by Homer cook’d?
QUA/KING, n. A shaking; tremulous agi-| qualify sounds. Roscommon.
tation; trepidation. Dan. x. QUALIFYING, ppr. Furnishing with the
QUA/KING-GRASS, n. An herb. necessary qualities, properties or accom- 3. A scruple of conscience, or uneasiness of
Ainsworth. plishments for a place, station or business ; conscience.
 QUA QUA QUA

QU‘ALMISH, a. quimish. [supra.] Sick at 8. In music, the relative duration of a note on, cearig signifies complaining,
and care-
the stomach ; inclined to vomit; affected or syllable. Busby. ful, solicitous ; Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. xp.
with nausea or sickly languor. Dryden. Quantily of matter, in a body, is the measure’ Class Gr. No. 49. and see No. 1. 2. 14. 15.
QU ALMISHNESS, n. Nausea. arising from the joint consideration of its 19, 23.]
QUAM O€LIT, n. A plant of the genus magnitude and density. Bailey. 1. A brawl; a petty fight or scuffle; from
Ipomoea. Fam. of Plants. Quantity of motion, in a body, is the meas- its noise and uproar. Shak.
ure arising from the joint consideration of] 2. A dispute ; a contest.
QUAN'DARY, n. Doubt ; uncertainty; a its quantity of matter and its velocity.
state of difficulty or perplexity. On open seas their quarrels they debate.
Bailey. Dryden.
QUAN’DARY, v. ¢. To bring into a state of) QUAN’‘TUM, x. [L.] The quantity; the 3. A breach of friendship or concord ; open
uncertainty or difficulty. [Volt used.] amount. variance between parties. Hammond.
Otway. 4. Cause of dispute.
Quantum merutt, in law, an action grounded
QUAN'TITATIVE, a. [See Quantity.] Es- on a promise that the defendant would The king’s quarrel is honorable. Shak
timable according to quantity. Taylor. pay to the plaintif for his service as much 5. Something that gives a right to mischief,
QUAN'TITIVE, a. [See Quantity.] _Esti- as he should deserve. reprisal or action.
mable according to quantity. Digby. Quantum valebat, an action to recover of the He thought he had a good quarrel to attack
QUANTITY, n. (Fr. quantité ;It. quantita; defendant for goods sold, as much as they him. [Vout used.] Holingshed.
Sp. cantitad ;from L. quantitas, from quan- were worth. Blackstone. 6. Objection ; ill will, or reason to complain;
tus, how much, or as much as; Pers. ground of objection or dispute.
(QUAR/ANTINE, n. [It. quarantina, forty; _Herodias had a quarrel against him. Mark
o
Sp. quarentena; Fr. quarantaine ; from vi.
Aix chand, how much; «¢ Aixam chandi, the root of L. qguartus, fourth, Fr. carreau, 7. Something peevish, malicious, or dispos-
quantity. | a square, carrer, to square, Arm. carrea, ed to make trouble. [Mol used.] Shak.
1. That property of any thing which may to square, W. cwar, square, Eng. quart. QUAR’/REL, n. [W. cwarel, a dart or jave-
be increased or diminished. See Quart and Square.] lin, a kernel; ¢warelu, to dart, to kern, to
Cheyne. Johnson. . Properiy. the space of forty days; appro- curdle ; from cwar, a quick rise, a puff;
This definition is defective, and as ap- priately, the term of forty days during Fr. carreau, a bolt. The primary sense is
plicable to many other properties as to which a ship arriving in port and suspect- to shoot, throw or drive.}
quantity. A definition strictly philosoph-| ed of being infected with a malignant, 1. An arrow with a square head. [Vol used
ical cannot be given. In common usage, contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all unless in poetry. ] Camden.
quantity is a mass or collection of matter intercourse with the city or place. Hence, 2. A pane of glass ; a square. {See Quarry
of indeterminate dimensions, but consist- 2 Restraint of intercourse to which a ship and Square.]
ing of particles which cannot be distin- is subjected on the presumption that she QUAR’REL, v. %. [Fr. quereller. See the
guished, or which are not customarily dis- may be infected, either for forty days or Noun.|
tinguished, or which are considered in the for any other limited term. It is custom- 1. To dispute violently or with loud and an-
aggregate. Thus we say, a quantity of} ary for the proper officers to determine gry words; to wrangle; to scold. How
earth, a quantity of water, a quantity of the period of restraint at their discretion, odious to see husband and wife quarrel !
air, of light, of heat, of iron, of wood, of| according to circumstances. Hence we ~ To fight; to scuffle; to contend; to
timber, of corn, of paper. But we do not hear of a quarantine of five days, of ten, squabble ; used of two persons or of a
say, a quantity of men, or of horses, or of| of thirty, &c. as well as of forty. Wesay, a) small number. Itis never used of armies
houses; for as these are considered as ship performs quarantine, or rides at juar- and navies in combat. Children and ser-
separate individuals or beings, we call an antine. We also apply the word to per- vants often quarrel about trifles. 'Tavern-
assemblage of them, a number or multi- sons. The passengers and crew perform haunters sometimes quarrel over their
tude. quarantine. cups.
2. An indefinite extent of space. - In law, the period of forty days, during}: we. To fall into variance.
3. A portion or part. which the widow of a man dying seized | Our people quarrel with obedience. Shak.
If I were sawed into quantities. [/Vot inuse.] of land, has the privilege of remaining in | To find fault; to cavil.
Shak. the mansion house. I will not quarrel with a slight mistake.
4, A large portion ; as a medicine taken in|| QUARANTINE, v. ¢. To prohibit from in- Roscommon.
quantities, that is, in large quantities. tercourse with a city orits inhabitants ; to Men at enmity with their God, quarreling
Arbuthnot. compel to remain at adistance from shore with his attributes—quarreling with the being
5. In mathematics, any thing which can be for forty days, or for other limited period, that made them, and who is constantly doing
multiplied, divided or measured. Day. on account of real or supposed infection ; them good. Eliph. Steele.
Thus mathematics is called the science applied to ships, or to persons and goods. 5. To disagree; to be at variance; not to
of quantity. In algebra, quantities are) QUARANTINED, pp. Restrained from be in accordance in form or essence.
known and unknown. Known quantities communication with the shore for a limit- Some things arise of strange and quarr’ling
are usually represented by the first letters} ed period ; as a ship or its crew and pas- kind,
of the alphabet, as a, 6, c, and unknown, sengers. The forepart lion, and a snake behind.
quantities are expressed by the last letters,| QUARANTINING, ppr. Prohibiting from Cowiey.
x,y,z, &c. Letters thus used to repre-|| intercourse with the port; as a ship or its QUAR’REL, v. t. To quarrel with.
sent quantities are themselves called quan- crew and passengers. B. Jonson.
tities. A simple quantity is expressed by), QUARRE, for quarry, not in use. 2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a
one term, as + a, or—abe; a compound) QUAR/REL, n. [W. cweryl; Fr. querelle ; man out of bis estate or rights.
is expressed by more terms than one, con-|| L. It. querela; Sp. querella or queja ; Arm.| (QUAR’/RELER, n. One who quarrels,
nected by the signs,-+ plus, or — minus, garell ; L. queror, to complain, that is, to} wrangles or fights.
asa+b, or a—b+ec. Quantities which cry out with a loud voice. Hence we see QUAR/RELING, ppr. Disputing with ve-
have the sign-+ prefixed, are called post- the primary sense is the same as bravl.| hemence or lond angry words; scolding ;
live or affirmative ;those which have the The L. queror coincides in elements with wrangling ; fighting; finding fault; disa-
sign — prefixed are called negative. the Ir. gairim, to call, to bawl, to shout, greeing.
Day’s Algebra. and gearan, a complaint ; Sax. ceorian, to QUAR’RELING, n. [supra.] Contention;
6. In grammar, the measure of a syllable; complain or murmur; G. girren and kir- dispute in angry words; breach of con-
that which determines the time in which} ren; D. kirren and korren ; Dan. kerrer. cord; a caviling or finding fault; disa-
it is pronounced. Holder. Encye. The latter signifies to complain, to expos- greement. \
7. In logic, a category, universal,or predica-| tulate, and kerrer sig efter, to care, or take} QUAR’/RELOUS, a. Apt or disposed to
ment; a general conception. heed of, a sense which would unite the quarrel ; petulant; easily provoked to en-
Bailey. Encyc.') word with the L. euro, cura; and in Sax-! mity or contention. [Zittle used.] Shak
 QUA QUA QUA
QUAR/RELSOME, a. Apt to quarrel; giv- Designating the fourth; occurring every \12. Friendship; amity; concord. [Not en
en to brawls and contention; inclined to fourth day; as a quartan ague or fever. use. | Shak.
petty fighting; easily irritated or provok- QUART’AN, n. An intermitting ague that 13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a
ed to contest; irascible; choleric; petu- occurs every fourth day, or with intermis- quadruped with the adjoining parts; or
lant. Bacon. sious of seventy two hours. one fourth part of the carcase of a quad-
QUAR/RELSOMELY, adv. In a quarrel- 2. A measure containing the fourth part of] ruped, including a limb; asa fore quarter,
some manner; with a quarrelsome tem- some otlier measure. or hind quarter.
per; petulantly. Hall. QUARTA/TION, n. In chimistry and met- 14. In the menage, the quarters of a horse’s
QUAR’RELSOMENESS, n. Disposition to allurgy, the operation by which the quan- foot are the sides of the coffin, between
engage in contention and brawls; petu- tity of one thing is made equal to the the toe and the heel. Filse quarters are a
lance. fourth part of another thing. Encyc. cleft in the horn of the hoof, extending
QUAR/RIED, pp. Dug from a pit or cay- QUARTER, n. quort/er. [Fr. quart, quar- from the coronet to the shoe, or from top
ern. tier; It. quartiere; Sp. quartel; D. kwar- to bottom. When for any disorder, one of
QUAR/RY, n. [Fr. carré, for quarré ;Arm. lier; G. quartier ;Sw. qvurt, qvartal ;Dan. the quarters is cut, the horse is said to be
id. See Quarantine. | quart, qvartal, quvarteer ; LL. quartus, the quarter-cast. Encye.
1. A square; asa quarry of glass. [Not in fourth part; from W. cwar, a square.] 15. In a siege, quarters are the encampment
use. | Mortimer. The fourth part; as the quarter of an on one of the principal passages round
2, Anarrow with a square head. [See Quar-| hour or of a mile; one quarter of the ex-| the place besieged, to prevent relief and
rel.| [Not in use.] Fairfax. pense. Living is a quarter dearer in the intercept convoys. Encyc.
3. In falconry, the game which a hawk is) city than in the country. 16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth part
pursuing or haskilled. [Perhaps from L. 2. In weight, the fourth part of a hundred | of the year, or three months. Tuition and
quero, Fr. querir, to seek.] mail pounds ayoirdupois, or of 112Ib., that is, board at twenty five dollars the quarter.
4. Among hunters, a part of the entrails of) 28lb.; as a quarter of sugar. This is a moderate quarter bill.
the beast taken, given to the hounds. 3. In dry measure. the fourth of a tun in 17. The quarterof a ship, is the part of a
Encye.| weight, or eight bushels; as a quarter of ship’s side which hes towards the stern,
QUAR/RY, 2. [Fr. carriere, formerly Norm. wheat. or the part between the aftmost end of the
quarrier. 1 know not whether the origin- 4, In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon’s main-chains and the sides of the stern,
al sense of this word was a pit or mine, period or monthly revolution; as the first where it is terminated by the quarter-
from digging, or whether the sense was a quarter after the change or full. pieces. Mar. Dict.
place for squaring stone. The Fr. car- 5. A region in the hemisphere or great cir- 18. In heraldry, one of the parts or members
riere signifies not only a quarry, but a ca- ele; primarily, one of the four cardinal of the first division of a coat that is divided
reer, course, race, from the L. curro, which} points; as the four quarters of the globe ;| into four parts.
cannot be from squaring. If the sense) but used indifferently for any region or On the quarler, in seamen’s language, is a
was a pit, it may be referred to the Heb.) point of compass. From what quarter point in the horizon considerably abaft
does the wind blow? Hence, the beam, but not in the direction of the
Ch. Eth. 793, to dig; Ar. ay to dig, to 6. A particular region of a town, city or stern.
country 3 as all quarters of the city; in ev-|
run violently, to leap. If the sense is from,ery quarter of the country or of the con-| Quarter-bill, among seamen, is a list con-
squaring, see Square. See Class Gr. No. tinent. Tlence, taining the different stations where the
35. 36. 52. 57. 63.] Usnally in the plural, quarters, the place officers and crew are to take post in time
1. A place, cavern or pit where stones are of lodging or temporary residence; ap- of action, and the names of the men as-
dug from the earth, or separated from a propriately, the place where officers and, signed to each.
large mass of rocks. We generally apply, soldiers lodge, but applied to the lodgings Quarter-cloths. long pieces of painted can-
the word mine to the pit from which are of any temporary resident. He called on vas, extended on the outside of the quar-
taken metals and coal; from quarries are the general at his quarters ; the place fur- ter-netting from the upper part of the gal-
taken stones for building, as marble, free- nished good winter quarters for the troops. lery to the gangway.
stone, slate, &c. I saw the stranger at his quarters. | Quarter-deck, that part of the deck ofa ship
2. In Paris, the quarries are a vast cavern!) . Proper station. which extends from the stern to the main-
under the city, several miles in extent. Swift to their several guarters hasten then— mast. But in some kinds of vessels, the
QUAR’RY, v. 7. To prey upon, as a vulture Milton. quarter-deck does not extend to the main-
or harpy. [4 low word and not much used.] Bacon uses the word in the singular. mast, but is raised above the main deck.
L Estrange. “Make love keep quarter.” Quarter-gallery, a sort of balcony on the
QUAR’RY, v. t. To dig or take from a quar- 9. On board of ships, quarters signifies the quarters of a ship.
ry; as, to quarry marble. stations or places where the officers and
QUAR/RYING, ppr. Digging stones from men are posted in action. Pipe all hands Quarter-railing, narrow molded planks,
reaching from the top of the stern to the
a quarry. to quarters.
QUAR’RYMAN, n. Aman who is occupied| 10. In military affairs, the remission or spar- gangway, serving as a fence to the quar-
ter-deck.
in quarrying stones. ing of the life of a captive or an enemy
QUART, n. quort. (It. quarta; Fr. quarte, from when in one’s power; mercy granted bya Quarler-master, in an army, an officer whose
quart, a fourth, L. quartus; D. kwart ; G. conqueror to his enemy, when no longer business is to attend to the quarters for
quart; from W. ewar, the root of square, or) able to defend himself. In desperate en- the soldiers, their provisions, fuel, forage,
from the root of G. apa, to fit or suit, to) counters, men will sometimes neither ask &c.; in the navy. an officer who assists the
square. Wesee inthe Amharic, the an-| nor give quarter. ‘he barbarous practice mates in their duties, in stowing the hold,
cient dialect of the Ethiopic, art is four,) of giving no quarter to soldiers in a fort- coiling the cables, attending the steer-
and arlen is fourth, L. quartus. Ludolf,| ress taken by assault. is nearly obsolete. age, and keeping time by the watch
Amh. 57. This with the Celtic pronun-| He magnified his own clemency, now they glasses.
ciation, as guerre for war, becomes quart.|| were athis mercy, to offer them quarter for Quarter-master-general, in military affairs, is
- The fourth part; a quarter. [Votan use. |) their lives, if they would give up the castle. an officer whose duty is to mark the
Spenser.| Clarendon. marches and encampments of an army,
The fourth part of a gallon; two pints. — | Lambs at the mercy of wolves must expect the head-quarters, the place for the artil-
3. “ vessel containing the fourth of a gal-| no quarter. L’ Estrange. lery, and procure supplies of provisions
on. 1). Treatment shown to an enemy ; indul- and forage, &c.
4, A sequence of four cards in the game off gence. Quarler-staff, a long staff borne by foresters
picket. To the young, if you give tolerable quarter, and park-keepers, as a badge ofoffice and
QUARTAN, a. quort'an. (L. quartanus, the you indulge them in idleness and ruin them. a weapon. Encyc.
fourth.| [Rarely used.] Collier. 2. A staff of defense. Dryden.
 QUA QUA QUE
varter-sessions, in England, a general QUARTZ’Y, a. Pertaining to quartz; par- | quiebra, a break, fracture, failure. It co-
court held quarterly by the justices of taking
of the nature or qualities of quartz; inecides in elements with quibble, quiver,
peace of each county, with jurisdiction to resembling quartz. [Quartzy is the regu- whifle, wabble. The primary sense is to
try and determine felonies and trespasses ; lar adjective, and quartzose and quartzous| move, hence to break, applied to motion
but capital offenses are seldom or never may be dispensed with.} and sound, See Quiver and Vibrate.)
tried in this court. Blackstone. QUAS, n. In Russia, a drink of common) To shake the yoice; to utter or form
Quarter-round, in architecture, the echinus domestic use; being a liquor prepared sound with rapid vibrations, as in sing-
or evolo, 3 4 from pollard, meal and bread, or trom ing ; to sing with tremulous modulations
Head-quarters, the tent or mansion of the meal and malt, by an acid fermentation. of voice. Bacon.
commander in chiefofan army. Tooke. 2. To tremble ; to vibrate.
QUART’ER, v. t. To divide into four equal QUASH, v. t. [Sax. cwysan; D. kwet- The finger—moved with a quavering motion.
parts. ‘ sen; G. quetschen; Fr. casser ; It. squas- Newton.
2. To divide ; to separate into parts. sare; L. quasso, quatio. Class Gs. No.) QUA'VER, xn. A shake or rapid vibration of.
Shak. 17. 28. 60. 68. and Class Gd. No. 38. 76 || the voice, or ashake on an instrument
3. To divide into distinct regions or com- See Squeeze.] of music. Addison.
partments. 1. Properly, to beat down or beat in pieces;|2. A note and measure of time in music,
The sailors guarter’d heaven. Dryden. to crush. equal to half'a crotchet or the eighth of a
4. To station soldiers for lodging; as, to The whales semibreve. 4
quarter troops in the city or ainong the in- Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, QUA’/VERED, a. or pp. Distributed into
habitants, or on the inhabitants. quash’ d. Waller. quavers. Harmar.
5. To lodge; to fix on a temporary dwell- 2. To crush; to subdue ; as, to quash a re- |QUA/VERER, n. A warbler.
ing. bellion. Addison. QUA'VERING, ppr. Shaking the voice or
They mean this night in Sardis to be quar- 3. In law, to abate, annul, overthrow or the sound of an instrument.
ter'd. Shak. make void; as, to quash an indictment. QUA/VERING, n. The act of shaking the
6. To diet. [.Vot in use.] Hudibras. He prays judgment of the writ or declara- voice, or of making rapid vibrations of
7. To bear as an appendage to the heredi- tion that the same may be quashed. sound op an instrument of music.
tary arms. Blackstone. QUAY, n. ke. [Fr. quai; D. kaat; Arm.
The coat of Beauchamp—quartered by the QUASH, v. 7. To be shaken with a noise. qae; Ir. cegh. If this word is radically
earl of Hertford. Peacham. Sharp. the same as key, the sense is that which
QUART/’ER, v. i. To lodge; to have a QUASH, n. A species of cucurbita ; but in fastens or secures. Class Cg or Gk.]
temporary residence. The general quar- Atuerica pronounced squash; so called A key; a mole or wharf, constructed in har-
ters at a hotel in Church street. probably from its softness. [See the Verb. ]|| bors for securing vessels and receiving
QUART’ERAGE, x. A quarterly allow- QUASH’ED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; aba- goods unladen or to be shipped on board.
ance. Hudtbras. ted. QUAY, v. t. To furnish with quays.
QUART'ER-DAY, n. The day that com- QUASH/ING, ppr. Crushing; subduing 5} J. Barlow.
pletes three months, the quarter of a year 3) abating. QUEACH, n. A thick bushy plot. Obs.
the day when quarterly payments are QUASSA/TION, n. [L. quassatio.] The act Chapman.
made of rent or interest. Spectator. of shaking ; concussion; the state of be- QUEACH, v. 7. To stir; to move. Obs.
QUART’ERED, pp. Divided into four!) ing shaken. Gayton. [See Quick.]
equal parts or quarters; separated
3 ‘ into IQUAS/SIA, n. A plant, or rather a genus!
QUE/ACHY, a. [from queach.] Shaking ;
distinct parts; lodged ; stationed for lodg-| | of plants of three species, the amara, sim- moving, yielding or trembling under the
ing. aruba, and excelsa or polygama, natives of feet, as moist or boggy ground.
QUART’ERING, ppr. Dividing into quar- South America and of some of the isles
ters or into distinct parts ; stationing for The queachy fens. Drayton.
of the West Indies, and possessing valua- Godwin’s
1 1) 3
qgueachy
“hy
sands.
21 3
Ib.
ayt ;
lodgings. ble medicinal qualities. Encye.
QUART’ERING, n. A station. Mountagu. IQUAT, n. A pustule or pimple. [Vol used.] [This word is still in use in New Eng-
2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers. Shak. land, and if the word is from the reot of
3. The division of a shield containing many QUATER-€COUSINS, n. ka‘ter-cuzns. [L. quick, we recognize the application of it in
coats. Ashmole.|) | quatuor, four, and cousin.| quicksand. ]
QUART’ERLY, a. Containing or consist- Those within the first four degrees of kind- 2. Thick ; bushy. [Not in use.]
ing ofa fourth part; as quarterly seasons. red. Skinner. Cockeram.
2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of] QUAT’ERN, a. [L. quaternt, four, from IQUEAN, n. [Sax. cwen or ewen, a woman.
the year; as quarterly payments of rent; quatuor, four.] See Queen. |
a quarterly visitation or examination. The Consisting of four; fourfold; growing by A worthless woman; a slut; a strumpet.
secretary requires quarterly returns from fours ; as quatern leaves. Martyn. [.Vol in common use.] Dryden. Swift.
his officers. QUATERN/ARY, n. [L. quaternarius, from |QUE’ASINESS, n. sas z. [from queasy.]
QUART’ERLY, adv. Once in a quarter of; quatuor, four.] | Nausea; qualmishness ; inclination to
a year. The returns are made quarterly. |The number four. vomit.
Boyle.
QUART’ERN, vn. The fourth part ofa pint; QUATERN’ARY, a. Consisting of four. IQUEVASY, a. sas z. [allied perhaps to the
a gill. W. chudy, ‘Lhuyd,} Corn. hiedzka, Arm.
Gregory.
QUARTILE, n. An aspect of the planets, QUATERNION, n. [L. quaternio, from chueda or huyda, to vomit. Class Gs. No.
when they are distant from each other a quatuor, four. | 19. Class Gd. No. 54.]
quarter of the circle, ninety degrees, or {. The number four. Milton.
1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nau-
three signs. Harris. Dryden. 2. A file of four soldiers. Acts xii. sea; inclined to vomit. Shak.
2 Fastidious ;squeamish ; delicate.
QUART’O, n. (L. quartus.| A book of the QUATERN/ION, v. 1. To divide into files
size of the fourth of a sheet; a size made or companies. Milton. Shak. Dryden.
by twice folding a sheet, which then QUATERN/ITY, x. [supra.] The number 3. Causing nausea; as a queasy question.
makes four leaves. four. Brown. Shak.
QUART’O, a. Denoting the size of a book, QUAT/RAIN, x. [Fr. from quatre, L. qua- QUECK, »v. i. [G. quackeln, to quake, to be
in which a sheet makes four leaves. unsettled, to flinch.]
tuor, four.|
QUARTZ, n. quortz. [G. quartz.] A species A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. To shrink; to flinch. Obs. Bacon.
of silicious minerals, of various colors, Dryden. QUEEN, xn. [Sax. cwen or cwen, Goth.
white, gray, reddish, yellowish or brown- QUAVE, for quaver, is not used. queins, quens, Dan. qvinde, Sw. quvinna, a
ish ; commonly amorphous, and frequent- QUAVEMIRE, for quagmire, is not used. woman; Sans. kanya. Qu. Ir. coinne and
ly erystalized. The subspecies and vari- QUA’'VER, v. 7. [W. cwibiaw, to quaver, to Gr. yvvn.]
eties are numerous. Kirwan. Cleaveland. trill; Sp. qguiebro, a musical shake or trill; 1. The consort ofa king; a queen consort.
 QUE QUE QUE
2. A woman who is the sovereign of a king- QUENCH’ABLE, a. That may be quenched}
karau, to follow, to seek. Class Gr. No.
dom; a queen-regent ; as Elizabeth, queen or extinguished. Sherwood. 51. 53. 55. The sense is to press on,
of England; Mary, queen of Scotland. QUENCH’ED, pp. Extinguished ; allayed ; to
3. The sovereign of aswarm of bees, or the follow, to urge.]
repressed. A question; an inquiry to be answered or
female of the hive. QUENCH'ER, n. He or that which extin- resolved.
A hive of bees cannot subsist without a queen. guishes.
I will conclude by proposing some queries.
Encye. QUENCH'ING, ppr. Extinguishing ; quiet-
Newton.
Queen of the meadows, meadow sweet, a plant ing; stifling; repressing. QUE’RY, v. %. To ask a question or ques-
of the genus Spirea. Lee. QUENCH 'LESS, a. That cannot be quench- tions.
QUEEN, v. i. To play the queen; to act ed or repressed ; inextinguishable ; as Three Cambridge sophs
the part or character of aqueen. Shak. quenchless fire or fury. Shak. Crashaw. Each prompt to query, answer and debate.
QUEE'N-APPLE, n. A kind of apple, so QUER’CIT RON, n. “[L. quercus, an oak. | Pope.
called. Mortimer. The bark of the yellow oak, used in dye- QUERY, v.t. To seek ; to inquire ; as, que-
QUEEN-DOW’AGER, n. The widow of a ing. Bancroft. ry the sum or amount ; query the motive or
king. \QUER’ELE, n. [L. querela; Fr. querelle. | the fact.
QUEE'N-GOLD, n. A royal duty or reve- A complaint to acourt. [Not in use. See 2. To examine by questions. Gayton.
nue belonging to every queen of England Audita querela.| Ayliffe.| 3. To doubt of.
during her marriage to the king. QUE'RENT, n. [L. querens, queror, to com- |QUEST, n. [Fr. quéte, for queste; L. quero,
QUEL ’NING, n. An apple. Mortimer. plain.] questus. As the letter ris rarely changed
QUEE/NLIKE, a. Resembling a queen. The complainant; the plaintif. [Wot in into s, perhaps the L. quesivi, questus,
Drayton. use.| may be from the root of queso, W. ccis-
QUEE'NLY, a. Like a queen; becoming a QUE’/RENT, n. [L. querens, quero, to in-| iaw, to seek, to endeavor, cais, effort.
queen ; suitable to a queen. quire. | See Class Gs. No. 35.]
QUEER, a. [G. quer, cross, oblique, trav- An inquirer. [Not much used.] Aubrey. jl. The act of seeking ; search; as, to rove
erse ;querkopf, a queer fellow; querlen, to! |QUERIMO‘NIOUS, a. [L. querimonia, com- in quest of game ; to go in quest of a
lost
twirl. The primary sense is probably to! | plaint, from queror.] child; in quest of property, &e.
turn, Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. | Addison. Milton.
Odd; aes hence, whimsical. QUERIMO’NIOUSLY, adv. With com-)-|2. Inquest; a jury. [Not used. | Shak,
Spectator. plaint ; querulously. \|13 . Searchers, collectively. {ot used.]
QUEE’RLY, adv. In an odd or singular QUERIMO/NIOUSNESS, n. Disposition to}
manner. complain ; a complaining temper. 4. Inquiry ;examination. [ot used.]
QUEE’RNESS, nx. Oddity ; singularity ; QUE’RIST, n. [from L. quero, to inquire.|| His lala for ot en Shak.
particularity. [2 familiar, not an elegant One who inquires or asks questions. |. Request, desire ; solicitation.
word. Swift. HI xad not abroad at every quest and call
QUERK [See Quirk ] > H Ot an untrain’d hope or passion. Halerk
QUEEST, n. A ring dove, a species of pig-
eon. Todd.) \QUERK’ENED, ‘a. Choked. [Megitimate|(2UES I’. v. i. To go in search. [Mot used.]
QUEINT, pret. and pp. of quench. — Gower. and obsolete. | ; t=) |QUEST, v.t. To search or seek for.
QUELL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan, to kill; Dan.
qveler, to stifle, suffocate, choke, stop,| Perea. LGequertens|:
or wind round Te totir)
; to coil ; as, querl aite cord,
wn | QUESTVANT.
used.] s) n.
anaes [supra.]
pra. A wacker . ti we
aera
thread or rope. [This is
quell, gall, tease, torment, vex; Sw. quil- a legitiat
English word, in common use in New| QGS TION)
e! noquedchin: [Fr. Sp. question ;
ja, id.; G. qudlen. The primary sense is
to stop, to press or force down, and thus England. It may be a dialectical varia-| L. yuestio. See Quest]
tion of whirl, Dan. hvirvler, and twiri.] 1. The act of asking ; an interrogatory; as,
cause action or motion to cease.]
1. To crush ; to subdue; to cause to cease 3)I(QUERN, n. [Sax. cwyrn, cweorn ; Goth.|) to examine by question and answer.
as, to quell an insurrection or sedition. quairn ; D. kweern ;~ Dan. qvern ; Sw.) 2. That which is asked; something propos-
2. To quiet; to allay; to reduce to peace ; quarn. Qu. W. cwyrn, a quick motion, al ed which is to be solved by answer. What
as, to quell the tumult of the soul. | whirl.] | is the question 2
3. To subdue ; to reduce. iA hand-mill for grinding grain; a mill, the 3. Inquiry ; disquisition; discussion.
stone of which was turned by hand, used Itis to be put to question, whether it ts law-
This quell’d her pride. Dryden. ful for christian princes to make an invasive war,
before the invention of windmills and wa-
QUELL, v. 7. To die; to abate. Spenser.) termills. simply for the propagation of the faith.
QUELL, n. Murder. [Not in use.] Shak.
Shak. |QUERP’O, n. [Sp. cuerpo, the body, Bacon.
L. cor-||
QUELL/ED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; qui- pus ; Sp.en cuerpo de camisa, half dressed, 4. Dispute or subject of debate.
eted. There arose a question between some of
having on a shirt only.] John’s disciples and the Jews, about purifying.
QUELLER, n. One that crushes or sub- |A waistcoat or garment
close to the body. John iii.
dues. Shak.
QUELL/ING, ppr. Crushing ; subduing; \QUER’/QUEDULE, Dryden. 5. Doubt; controversy; dispute. The story
reducing to peace. xn. {L. guetgedi] is true beyond all yuestion.
An aquatic fowl, a species of teal of the This does not bring their truth in question.
QUELQUE-CHOSE, n. keck-shows. [Fr. genus Anas.
something. | Encye. Locke.
(QUER’RY, n. A groom. [See Equerry.] 6. Trial; examination ; judicial trial or
A trifle ;a kickshaw. Donne. QUER’ULOUS, a. [L. querulus, iu-
from queror, quiry.
QUEME, v. t. (Sax. cweman.] To please. to complain. See Quarrel.| Of the hope and the resurrection of the
dead
[Obs.] Spenser:| 1. Complaining, or habitually complaining ; I am called in question. Acts xxiii. XXiv.
QUENCH, v. t. [Sax. cwencan.] To extin- disposed to murmur; as a querulous man 7. Examination by torture.
guish ; to put out; as, to quench flame. or people. Hooker. Blackstone. Ayliffe.
2. To still; to quiet; to repress 5 as, to 2. Expressing complaint; asa querulous tone 8. Endeavor; effort; act of seeking. [Not
quench a passion or emotion. in use.]
3. To allay or extinguish Shak. | of voice. Shak.
; as, to quench| CUER’ULOUSLY, adv. In a complaining 9. In logic, a proposition stated by way of
thirst. manner, Young. interrogation.
4. To destroy.
Davies. }QUER’‘ULOUSNESS, n. Disposition to In question, in debate ; in the course of ex-
5. To check; to stifle; as, to quench the complain, or the habit or practice of mur- amination or discussion ; as, the matter or
Spirit. 1 Thess. y, muring. point in question.
QUENCH, v.27. To cool; to QUE'RY, n. [from L. quere, imperative of)
QUES'TION, v. 7. To ask a question or
become cool.
Dost thou think, in time | quero; perhaps Ch. Heb. pn to seek, to questions ;to inquire by interrogatory or
She will not quench? proposition to be answered.
[Vot in
Shak.
use.) He that questioneth much, shall learn much
|| search, to inquire; pa id.5.- Ar. y5
Bacon,
 QUI QUI QUI
2. To debate by interrogatories. I
Shak.||QUIB/BLER, n. One who evades plain|j5. 'To revive; to cheer; to reinvigorate ; to
QUES’TION, v. t. To inquire of by asking truth by trifling artifices, play upon words, refresh by new supplies of comfort or
questions ; to examine by interrogatories; | or cavils. grace. Ps, cxix.
as, to question a witness. 2. A punster. QUICKEN, v. 7. quik'n. To become alive.
2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of. ; (QUICK, v. i. [Sax. ewic, alive; cwiccian, to The heart is the first part that quickens, and
And most we question what we most desire. | vivify.] the last that dies. Ray.
Prior. ‘To stir; to move. [Vot in use.| Spenser. 2. "To move with rapidity or activity.
3. To have no confidence in; to treat as QUICK, a. (Sax. ewic, living, alive ;D. kwik ;) And keener lightning quickens in her eye.
doubtful. Ifa man is frustrated
1 in his de-}, G. quick ;Dan. quik ;Sw. quick. Qu. W. Pope.
signs, his prudence is questioned. cig, Arm. qicq, flesh. If q is a dialectical |QUICK’ENED, pp. Made alive ; revived
QUES'TIONABLE, a. That may be ques- prefix, as I suppose, this word coincides Vivified ;reinvigorated.
tioned ; doubtful ;uncertain ; disputable. with the L. vigeo, vereo, and vig, veg, radi- 2. Accelerated ; hastened.
The deed is of questionable authority. cal, coincide with wag. Now the Dutch 3. Stimulated; incited.
It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the call a wagtail, Awikstaart.] QUICK’/ENER, n. One who revives, vivi-
dissection of a human body. Baker. . Primarily, alive; living ;opposed to dead fies, or communicates life.
2. Suspicious ; liable to be doubted or dis- or unanimated ; as quick flesb. Lev. xiii. 2. That which reinvigorates.
puted; liable to suspicion. His veracity The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the 3. ‘That which accelerates motion or increas-
is questionable. quick and the dead. 2 Tim. iv. es activity. More.
Thou com’st in such a questionable shape, {In this sense, the word is obsolete, ex-| |QUICK’/ENING, ppr. Giving life; accel-
That [ will speak to thee. Shak. cept in some compounds or in particular'| erating: inciting.
QUES'TIONABLENESS, n. The quality|| phrases. ] QUICK’-EYED, a. Having acute sight; of
or state of being doubtful, questionable or . Swift; hasty; done with celerity ; as keen and ready perception.
suspicious. quick dispatch. QUICK-GRASS. [See Quitch-grass.]
QUES/TIONARY, a. Inquiring ; asking » Speedy; done or occurring in a short QUICK’LIME, n. [See Lime.] Any calca-
questions ; as questionary epistles. Pope. time ; asa quick return ofprofits. rious substance deprived of its fixed or
QUES’TIONED, pp. Interrogated; exam- Oft he to her his charge of quick return carbonic air, or an earthy substance cal-
ined by questions. Repeated. Milton. cined; as chalk, limestone, oyster-shells,
2. Doubted; disputed. . Active; brisk ; nimble; prompt; ready. &c.; unslacked lime. Calearious stones
QUES’TIONER, n. One that asks ques- He is remarkably quick in his motions. and shells are reduced to quicklime by be-
tions ; an inquirer. He is a man ofquick parts. ing subjected toraconsiderable time to in-
QUES’TIONING, ppr. Interrogating; call-) (5. Moving with rapidity or celerity; as tense heat, which expels the carbonic and
ing in question ; doubting. quick time in music. aqueous matter.
QUES’TIONIST, n. A questioner ; an in- Quick with child, pregnant with a_ living! QUICK'LY, adv. Speedily ;with haste or
quirer. Hall.| | QUICK,
child. Blackstone.| celerity.
adv. Nimbly; with celerity ; rap- 2. Soon ; without delay.
QUES’TIONLESS, adv. Beyond a question |
or doubt; doubtless ; certainly. idly ; with haste; speedily ;without de- QUICK-MATCH, n. [See Match.] A com-
lay; as, run quick; be quick. bustible preparation formed of cotton
Raleigh. South.| If we consider how very quick the actions of
QUEST’MAN, A starter of law- strands dipped in a boiling composition of
the mind are performed. Locke. white vinegar, saltpeter and mealed pow-
QUEST’MONGER, §”* suits or prosecu- 2. Soon; in a short time; without delay.
tions. [Vol used.| Bacon. der; used by artillerymen. Encye.
Go, and return quick.
QUES’TOR, n. [L. questor. See Quest and) QUICK, n. [Sw. qviga, a heifer ;Dan. queg,| |QUICK’/NESS, n. Speed; velocity ; celer-
Query. ity; rapidity ; as the quickness of motion.
cattle . ; that ° is, living.] \2. Activity ;briskness ;promptness; as the
In Roman antiquity, an officer who had the |1. A living animal. Obs. Spenser.
management of the public treasure; the \|2. The livin g flesh; sensible parts; as pen- quickness of the imagination or wit.
receiver of taxes, tribute, &c. Wotton. Dryden.
etrating to the quick ; stung to the quick; 3. Acuteness of perception ; keen sensibil-
QUES’TORSHIP, n. The office of a questor: | cutto the quick. Bacon. Dryden. | ily; as quickness of sensation.
or Roman treasurer. Locke.
|3. Living shrubs or trees; as a ditch or}
2. The term ofa questor’s office. | Pe bankaeaaet set with quick. ee Mortimer.
\4. Sharpness ; pungency. Mortimer.
v. t. (Sax. ewiecian.] To revive; to|||QUICK’ SAND, n. Sand easily moved or
QUES'‘TRIST, n. A seeker; a pursuer. |QUICK, 4
Vot in use.} Shak.|| | make alive. Obs. readily yielding to pressure, loose sand
Chaucer. ||. abounding with water. Dryden.
QUES’TUARY, a. Studious of profit. |QUICK, v. i. To become alive. Obs.
Brown. 2. Unsolid ground. Addison.
Chaucer.| |QUICK’SCENTED, a. Having an acute
QUES’TUARY, n. One employed to col- |QUICK’-BEAM, vn A tree, the wild)
leet profits. Taylor. |QUICK’/EN-TRER, perception by the nose ; of an acute smell.
‘sorb, a species of] |QUICK’SET, n. A living plant set to grow,
QUEUE. [See Cue.] wild ash. Mortimer.
QUIB, n. [W. cwip, a flirt, a quirk, or gwib, a particularly for a hedge. Evelyn.
The Sorbus aucupario, or mountain ash,
quick course or turn; ewtpiaw, to move | a species of service tree. Lee. QUICK’SET, v. t. To plant with living
quickly, to whip; as we say, he whipped } UICKEN, v. t. quik'n. [Sax. ewiecian ;Dan.| shrubs or trees for,a hedge or fence ; as,
round the corner.]
Q
|
quager.
ia oy
| to quickset a ditch. Morlimer.
A sareasm ; a bitter taunt; a quip; a gibe. jl. Primarily, to make alive; to vivify ; to! QUICK’SIGHTED, a. Having quick sight
QUIBBLE, n. [It seems to be from the root! or acute discernment; quick to see or dis-
revive or resuscitate, as from death or an|
of quib, supra, W. cwipiaw, to turn or move} inanimate state. Rom. iv. | cern. Locke. Bentley.
rapidly, or gwibiaw, to wander. See Wab-| Hence flocks and herds, and men and beasts! |QUICK’SIGHTEDNESS, n. Quickness of
ble.] | and fowls, sight or discernment; readiness to see or
1. A start or turn from the point in question,| With breath are quicken’d, and attract their) discern. Locke.
or from plain truth; an evasion; a cavil;| souls. Dryden. QUICK’SILVER, n. [that is, living silver,
a pretense ; as, to answer a sound argu- |2. To make alive in a spiritual sense; to argentum vivum, so called from its fluidity.|
ment by quibbles. | communicate a principle of grace to. /Mercury, a metal found both native and iu
Quirks and quibbles have no place in the ||
You hath he quickened, who were dead in the state of ore, in mines, in various parts
search after truth. Watts. trespasses and sins. Eph. ii. of the world, and so remarkably fusible as
2. A pun; a low conceit. Addison. 3. To hasten; to accelerate; as, to quicken to be congealable only with the intense
QUIB'BLE, v. 7. To evade the point in ques- | motion, speed or flight. cold indicated by 39° or 40° below zero,
uon, or plain truth, by artifice, play upon 4. To sharpen; to give keener perception on Fahrenheit’s thermometer. It is the
words, caviling or any conceit; to trifle in to; to stimulate; to incite; as, to quicken heaviest of the metals, next to platina and
argument or discourse. LDEstrange. the appetite or taste ; to quicken desires. gold. It is used in various arts and in
2. To pun. South. Tatler. medicine.
 Qui au! QUI
QUICK’/SILVERED, a. Overlaid with 4. Calm; not agitated by wind; as a quiet 4. A piece of small reed or other hollow
quicksilver. Newton. sea or atmosphere. plant, on which weavers wind the thread
QUICK’-WITTED, a. Having ready wit. 5. Smooth; unruftled. Shak. which forms the woof of cloth. —Spenser.
Shak. 6. Undisturbed ; unmolested ; as the quiet 5. The instrument with which musicians
QUID, n. A vulgar pronunciation of cud; possession or enjoyment of an estate. strike the strings of certain instruments.
as a quid of tobacco. Blackstone.| den.
QUIDAM, n. [L.] Somebody. [Not in (7. Not erying ; not restless ; as a quiet child., To carry a good quill, to write well.
use. Spenser. QUIET, n. [L. quies.] Rest; repose ; still-| QUILL, v. t. To plait, or to forin with small
QUID'DANY, n. [G. quitte, a quince; L.| ness ; the state of a thing not in motion. ridges like quills or reeds; as a woolen
cydonium.| 2. Tranquility; freedom from disturbance stuff quilled.
Marmalade ; a confection of quinces prepar- or alarm; civil or political repose. Our [in the United States, this word is gen-
ed with sugar. country enjoys quiet. erally, if not universally, pronounced
QUID'/DATIVE, a. Constituting the es- 3. Peace; security. Judg. xviii. twilled.]
sence ofa thing. Encye. QUIET, v. t. 'To stop motion; to still; to
QUID'DIT, n. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dit. QUIL’LET, n. [L. quidlibet, what you
reduce to a state of rest; as, to quiet cor-
A subtilty; an equivocation. [Vol in use.] please.]
poreal motion. Locke.
\Subtilty ; nicety : fraudulent distinction ;
Shak. 2. To calm; to appease ; to pacify; to lull;
QUID'DITY, n. [L. quid, what.] A bar- petty cant. [Not much used.] Shak.
to tranquilize; as, to quiet the soul when
barous term used in school philosophy agitated ; to quiet the passions; to quiet |QUILT, n. [It. coltre ; L. culcita; Ir. cuilt,
for essence, that unknown and undefinable the clamors of a nation; to quiet the dis- a bed-tick, a bed; Port. Sp. colcha; Sp.
something which constitutes its peculiar orders ofa city or town. colchar, acolchar, to quilt; perhaps from
nature, or answers the question, quid 3. To allay ; to suppress; as, to quiet pain uniting, gathering or holding.]
est? The essence ofa thing constitutes it) or grief. |A cover or garment made by putting wool,
tale quid, such a things as it is, and not an- \QUIETED, pp. Made still; calmed; paci- cotton or other substance between two
other. Encye. cloths and sewing them together ; as beds
fied. covered with magnificent quilts.
2. A wifling nicety ;a cavil; a captious ques-
tion. Camden. QUIETER, n. The person or thing that; Arbuthnot.
QUID’/NUNE, n. [L. what now.} One who
quiets. QUILT, v. t. To stitch together two pieces
is curious to know every thing that pass- QUIVETING, ppr. Reducing to rest or still- of cloth with some soft and warm sub-
es ; one who knows or pretends to know hess ; appeasing ; tranquilizing. stance between them; as a quilted bed-
all occurrences. Tatler. QUI/ETISM, nxn. Peace or tranquility of cover ; a quilted coat. Dryden.
Quid pro quo, [L.] in law, an equivalent; mind ; apathy ; dispassion ; indisturbance; 2. To sew in the manner of a quilt.
something given or done for another inaction. In history, quietism is the sys-| QUILTED, pp. Stitched together, as two
thing ; mutual consideration and perform- tem of the quietists, who maintained that! pieces of cloth, with a soft substance be-
ance. religion consists in the internal rest or, tween them.
QUIESCE, v. i. quiess'. [L. quiesco.] To recollection of the mind, employed in con-| QUILTING, ppr. Stitching together, as
be silent, as a letter; to have no sound. | templating God and submitting to his will.| two cloths, with some soft substance be-
M. Stuart.'| |\QUIETIST, n. One of a sect of mystics,| tween them.
QUIES'CENCE, [L. quiescens, quiesco. origipated by Molino, a Spanish priest,
QUIES/CENCY, bn. See Quiet.] who maintained the principles of quiet-| QUILTING, n. The act of forming a quilt.
1. Rest; repose ; state of a thing without isin. Encye.| 2. In New England, the act of quilting by a
collection of females who bestow their
motion. Glanville. |\QUVETLY, adv. In a quiet state ; without labor gratuitously to aid a female friend,
2. Rest of the mind; a state of the mind motion; in a state of rest; as, to lie or sit} and conclude with an entertainment.
free from agitation or emotion. quietly. \QUUNARY, a. [L. quinarius, from quinque,
3. Silence; the having no sound; as of a 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or dis-| five.] Consisting of five; as a quinary
letter. turbance; peaceably ; as, to live quielly. number. Boyle.
QUIES/CENT, a. [L. quiescens.| Resting; 3. Calmly ; without agitation or violent
being in a state of repose ; still; not mov- emotion ; patiently. Submit quietly to QUINATE, a. [from L. quinque.] In bot-
ing ; asa quiescent body or fluid. Newton. unavoidable evils. any, a quinate leafis a sort of digitate leaf
2. Not ruffled with passion ; unagitated ; as QUIVETNESS, n. A state of rest; stillness.
having five leaflets on a petiole.
the mind. Martyn. Lee.
2. Calm ; tranquility ; as the quietness of
3. Silent ; not sounded; having no sound; QUINCE, n. quins. [Fr. coin or coing;
the ocean or atmosphere.
as a quiescent letter. Sow, mow, with w 3. Freedom Arm. aval-couign, the cornered apple or
from agitation or emotion ;
quiescent ; say, day, with y quiescent. wedge-apple ; G. quitle or quittenapfel.
calmness; coolness ; as the quietness of]
M. Stuart, Heb. Gram. which seems to be a different word, and
the mind.
QUIES’CENT, n. A silent letter. rather allied to the L. cydonius.]
. Freedom from disturbance, disorder or
M. Stuart. commotion ; peace ; tranquility ; as the
The fruit of the Pyrus cydonia, so named
QUIET, a. [Fr. quiet, L. quietus, It. quieto, from Cydonia, a town of Crete, famous for
quietness ofa city or state.
quiet ;quietare, to pacify, and quelare, to QUIV/ETSOME, a. Calm ; still ; undisturb- abounding with this fruit. One species
quiet, and to acquit, to quit; Sp. quieto, of this firnit is of an eblong shape, from
ed. [Not in use.] Spenser.
quiet; quictar, to appease; quedo, quiet, QUVETUDE, n. [Fr.] Rest; repose; qui- which probably it has its French name.
and quedar, to stop, to leave, to quit; Port. QUINCE, The tree which pro-
quicto, quiet ;queda, a fall, declivity ;que-
et; tranquility. Wotton.) |QUINCE-TREE, ™ duces the quince.
do, quiet. Quiet and quit seem to belong QUIE’TUS, n. [L.] Rest; repose; death ;| QUINCH, v. 7%. [probably a vulgar pronun-
to one radix.] hence, a final discharge or acquittance;| ciation of wince or winch.| ‘To stir, wince
1. Sull; being in a state of rest; not moy- that which silences claims. Shak. or flounce. [.Vot in use.] Spenser.
ing. Judg. xvi. QUILL, n. [Ir. ewille, a reed or quill; Corn. |QUINCUN'CIAL, a. [from L. quincunz.]
2. Sull; free from alarm or disturbance ; cuilan ; L. calamus; W. calav ; probably) Having the form of a quincunx. Ray.
unmolested; as a quiet life. Shak. a shoot.] ||QUIN’CUNX, n. [L. composed of quingue,
In his days the land was quiet ten years. 2 . The large strong fether of a goose or oth-||| five, and wneta, ounce. }
Chron. xiv. er large fowl; used much for writing- In gardening, the quincunz order is a plant-
8. Peaceable ; not turbulent; not giving of-)|| pens. Hence, | ation of trees disposed in a square, con-
. The instrument of writing ; as the prop-
4 ee .
fense: not exciting controversy, disorder sisting of five trees, one at each corner
or trouble ; mild; meek ; contented. er subject of his quill. Wotton. and a fifth in the middle, thus :+:; which
Tae d .
The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. \3. The spine or prickle of a porcupine. order repeated indefinitely, forms a regu-
Pet. iii. 1 Thess. iv. | Encyc.| | lar grove or wood, which viewed by an
 QuUI QUI QUI
angle of the square or parallelogram, pre- QUIN’QUEVALVE, [L. quinque, QUIRE, x. [Fr.choeur; It.coro; L. chorus ;
sents equal or parallel alleys. QUINQUEVALV'ULAR, .* five, and val- Gr. xopos.]
QUINDE€/AGON, n. [L. quingque, five, Gr. ve, valves.] Having five valves, as a peri- 1 A body ofsingers; a chorus. [See Cho-
dsxa, ten, and yarna, angle.) J carp. rus and Choir.] Milton.
In geometry, a plain figure with fifteen sides QUIN’QUEVIR, n. [L. quingue, five, and vir, 2. The part of a church where the service
and fifteen angles. a Encyc. man.}| One of an order of five priests in is sung.
QUINDEC’/EMVIR, 7. [L. quingue, five. Rome. QUIRE, n. (Qu. from the root of chorus, or
decem, ten, and vir, man.] i from Fr. cahter, a sheet of paper, or rather
QUIN’SY, n. sasz. [corrupted from Fr. a book of loose sheets.]
In Roman history, one of a collection or body esquinuncie, squinancie ; It. squinanzia; A collection of paper consisting of twenty
of fifteen magistrates, whose business was Sp. esquinancva. |
to preside over the sacrifices. nye four sheets, each having a single fold.
1. An inflammation of the throat; a species QUIRE, v. 7. To sing in concert or chorus.
QUINDECEM VIRATE, n. The body o of angina which renders respiration difti-
fifteen magistrates, or their office. Shak.
cult, or intercepts it. QUIR/ISTER, n. One that sings in con-
QUiN’'IA, In pharmacy, a substance 2. An inflammation of the fauces, particu-
QULN’INE, ;™- prepared from yellow bark cert ; more generally, the leader of a
larly of the tonsils. Hooper. quire, particularly in divine service; a
(cinchona cordifolia,) possessing in a con-
centrated form, the tonic virtues of the
QUINT, x. [from L. quintus, fifth, Fr. chorister. But in America, this word is
bark, and capable of torming salts with
quinie.] A set or sequence of five ; as in| little used and vulgar. The word used is
acids. One of these, the sulphate of quiu- piquet. chorister.
ine, is much employed in intermittent QUINT’AIN, n. (Fr. quintaine.] A post QUIRITA’TION, 7. {L. quiritatio, from
fevers and other diseases, where power-) | with a turning top. Shak.| quirito, from queror.] A crying for help.
ful tonies are required. \QUINT’AL, n. [Fr. quintal; It. quintale;; Not used.} Bp. Hall.
QUINQUAGES'IMA, x. [L. fifty.] Quin- from the root of L. centum, a hundred. ]} QUIRK, n. quurk. [from the root of W.
quagesima Sunday, so called as being| A hundred pounds in weight; or a weight | ewired, asudden start or turn, craft, deceit ;
about the fiftieth day before Easter 5 of that number of pounds ; sometimes cwyrn, a whirl.
Shrove Sunday. Encye. written and pronounced kenile. _ . Literally, a turn; a starting from the
QUIN QUAN’GULAR, a. [L. quinque, five,| QUINTES’SENCE, n. [L. quinta essentia, point or line: hence, an artful turn for
and angulus, angle.]| Having five angles fifth essence.] evasion or subterfuge; ashift; a quibble;
or corners. Woodward. 1. In alchimy, the fifth or last and highest es- as the quirks of a pettifogger. L’ Estrange.
QUINQUARTI€'ULAR, a. [L. quingue, sence of power in anatural body. Hence, 2 A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; as a
five, and articulus, article.] Consisting of] 2. An extraci from any thing, containing its) quirk of joy or grief. Shak.
five articles. [Zuitle used.] Sanderson. virtues or most essential part in a small) A smart taunt or retort.
QUINQUE€AP’SULAR, a. [L. quinque, quantity. 1 may chance to have some odd quirks and
five, and capsula, a little chest.] Let there be light, said God; and forthwith, remnants of wit broken on me. Shak.
In botany, having five capsules to a flower; light 4, Aslight conceit or quibble. Watts.
as a quinquecapsular pericarp. Martyn. Bihedal’ rat of things, quintessence pure, 5. A flight of fancy. [/Votin use.] Shak.
QUINQUEDEN’TATE, a. [L. quingue, Sprung from the deep. Milton.)
6. Anirregular air; as light quirks of music.
five, and dentatus, toothed ; dens, tooth.] 3. In chimistry, a preparation consisting of, Pope.
In botany, five-toothed. the essential oil of a vegetable substance, 7. In building, a piece of ground taken out
QUINQUEFA/RIOUS, a. [L. quinque, five, mixed and incorporated with spirit of of any regular ground-plot or floor, as to
and probably Sax. faran, to go, Eng. to wine. make a court or yard, &c. Encyc.
fare, or from the root of vary.] In botany, 4. The pure essential part ofa thing. QUIRK‘ISH, a. Consisting of quirks, turns,
opening into five parts. Lee. Hakewill., quibbles or artful evasions. Barrow.
QUIN‘QUEFID, a. [L. quinque, five, and [I have followed Bailey and Ash and our2, Resembling a quirk.
findo, to split.] general usage in the accentuation of this|QUIRP’ELE, n. The Indian ferret, an an-
In botany, five-cleft ;cut into five segments word. Jameson hasdone thesame. The | imal of the weasel kind. Dict. Nat. Hist.
with linear sinuses and straight margins; accent on the first syllable is very unnatu-/ QUIT, v. t. pret. and pp. quit or quitted.
as a leaf. Martyn. ral.] ({Fr. quitter ; It. quitare and chitare ; Port.
QUINQUEFO'LIATED, a. [L. quinque, QUINTESSEN’TIAL, a. Consisting of Sp. quitar ; D. kwyten; G. quittiren ; Dan.
five, and folium, leaf.] Having five leaves. quintessence. quitterer ; Sw. quitta; W. gadu and ga-
Johnson. QUINT'ILE, n. [L. quintus, fifth.] The as-| daw. to quit; Ir. cead, leave ; cuitighim, to
QUINQUELIT’ERAL, a. [L. quinque, five, pect of planets when distant from each) requite. This isthe L. cedo. The sense
and litera, letter.) Consisting of five let- other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72) of quit is to leave, to withdraw from; but
ters. M. Stuart. degrees. the primary sense of the root must have
QUIN’QUELOBATE, 2 | [L. quinque, five, QUINTIN, n. [Fr. quintaine, W. cwintan,| been to move or to send; for to requite is
QUIN'QUELOBED, § “and lobus, lobe.]|| a bymeneal game. ] to send back. See Class Cd. and Cs.]
Five-lobed ; divided to the middle into five An upright post on the top of which turned) 1. To leave; to depart from, either tempo-
distinct parts with convex margins. across piece, on one end of which was} rarily or forever. It does not necessarily
Martyn. fixed a broad board, and on the other al include the idea of abandoning, without a
QUINQUELO€'ULAR, a. [L. quinque,
sand bag. The play was to tilt or ride | qualifying word. A man quits his house
five, and loculus, a cell.] against the broad end with a lance, and) for an hour, or for a month. He quits his
pass without being struck by the sand bag native country on a voyage, or he quits it
Five-celled ; having five cells; as a_ peri-
behind. B. Jonson. forever: he quits an employment with
carp. Martyn.
QUINQUEN'NIAL, a. [L. quinguennalis, \QUINT'UPLE, a. [L. quintuplus, fivefold; the intention of resuming it.
quinquennis ; quingue, five, and annus, | guintus and plico.| 2. To free ; to clear; to liberate; to dis-
year.] Occurring once in five years, or| \Fivefold; containing five times the amount. charge from.
lasting five years. Potter. Graunt.| To quit you of this fear, you have already
QUINQUEP’ARTITE, a. [L. quingue, five, QUIP, n. W. guy cwip,a q quick flirt or turn; | looked death in the face. [JVearly obsolete.}
and partitus, divided.] | cwipiaw, to move briskly, to whip; as well Wake.
. To carry through; to do or perferm
1. Divided into five parts almost to the base. say, to whip round a corner in rupping.|
something to the end, so that nothing re-
Martyn. A smart sarcastic turn; ataunt; a severe! mains; to discharge or perform com-
2. Consisting of two parts. retort. Milton. Shak.'
pletely.
QUIN’/QUEREME, n. [L. quinque, five, and! QUIP, v. ¢. To taunt; to treat with a sar- Never a worthy prince a day did quit
remus, var.] {I eastic retort. Ainsworth.| With greater hazard and with more renown.
A galley having five seats or rows of oars.| QUIP, v. 2. To scoff. Sidney.| Daniel
Vol. IL. 49
 QUI QUI QUO
4. To quit one’s self, reciprocally, to clear QUITE, adv. [from quit; that is, primarily, QUIX/OTISM, n. Romantic and absurd
one’s self of incumbent duties by full per- free or clear by complete performance. | notions; schemes or actions like those of
formance. Completely ;wholly ; entirely ; totally ; per- Don Quixote, the hero of Cervantes.
Samson hath quit himself fectly. The work is not quite done; the QUIZ, n. (Norm. quis, quiz, sought; Sp.
Like Samson. Milton. object is quite accomplished. quisicosa ; from the root of question.} An
In this sense, acquit is generally used. He hath sold us and quite devoured also our enigma ; a riddle or obscure question.
5. To repay ; to requite. Spenser. money. Gen, xxxi. QUIZ, v.t. To puzzle. [A popular, but
—Enkindle all the sparks of nature The same actions may be aimed at different not an elegant word.]}
To quit this horrid act. Shak. ends, and arise from quite contrary principles. Quo warranto, in Law Latin, a writ brought
In this sense, quit is now rarely used. Spectator. before a proper tribunal, to inquire by
We use requite. QUIT’-RENT, n. [L. quietus reditus.| A what warrant a person or corporation ex-
6. To vacate obligation ; to release ; to free rent reserved in grants of land, by the ercises certain powers. Blackstone.
from. payment of which the tenant is quieted or QUOB, v. i. [W. cwapiaw, to strike.] To
Dangers oflaw, quit from all other service. Blackstone. move, as the fetus in utero; to throb.
Actions, decrees, judgments against us quit- QUITS, adv. [from quit.| An exclamation (Local, vulgar, and little used.|
ted. B. Jonson. used when mutual demands are adjusted {\QUOD’LIBET, n. [L. what you please.]
7. To pay; to discharge ; hence, to free and the parties are even, each quit of|| A nice point ; a subtilty. Prior.
from; as, to quit the debt of gratitude. the other. QUODLIBETA/RIAN, n. One who talks
Milton.| QUIT’TAL, n. Return; repayment. and disputes on any subject at pleasure.
8. To set free; to release; to absolve; to Shak. \QUODLIBET'I€AL, a. Not restrained to
acquit. QUIT’TANCE, n. [Fr.] Discharge from a particular subject; moved or discussed
Guiltless I quit, guilty I set them free. a debt or obligation ; an acquittance. [See | at pleasure for curiosity or entertainment.
Fairfax. Acquittance, which is chiefly used.] \QUODLIBET'I€ALLY, adv. At pleasure;
Tn this sense, acquit is now used. Shak. for curiosity; so as to be debated for
9. To leave; to give up; to resign; to re- 2. Recompense ; return; repayment. Shak. entertainment. Brown.
linquish ; as, to quit an office. QUIT’TANCE, v.t. To repay. [Vol in Dict.
10. To pay. use. | Shak.|| \QUOIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.] A cap or hood.
Before that judge that quits each soul his hire. QUIT’TED, pp. Left ; relinquished ; ac- bb[See Coz Shak.
[.Vot used.] Fairfax. quitted. UOIP, v. t. To cover or dress with a coif.
11. To forsake ; to abandon. QUIT’TER, n. One who quits. [See Corf.] Addison.
Such a superficial way of examining is to 2. Adeliverer. [Not in use.| Ainsworth. eg word may be discarded with advan-
quit truth for appearance. Locke.; 3. Scoria oftin. linsworth. tage.
To quit cost, to pay; to free from by an QUIT’TER-BONE, n. In farriery, a hard (QUOITF’FURE, n. A head dress. Addison.
equivalent ; to reimburse ; as, the culti-| round swelling on the coronet, between \QUOIL. [See Coil, the better word.]
vation of barren land will not always quit, the heel and the quarter, usually on the \QUOIN, n. [Fr. coin, a corner; Sp. cuna.
cost. | inside of the foot. Far. Dict. See Coin.]
To quit scores, to make even; to clear mu- QUIV’ER, x. |Qu. Fr. couvrir, to cover.]} 1. A corner. Mortimer.
tually from demands by mutual equiva-) A case or sheath for arrows. 2. An instrument to raise any thing; a
lents given. We will quit scores [marks of} Take thy quiver and thy bow. Gen. xxvii. wedge employed to raise cannon to a prop-
charges] before we part. QUIV’ER, a. Nimble; active. [Not in use.] er level, and for other purposes. Mar. Dict.
Does not the earth quit scores with all the Shak. 3. In architecture, the corner of a brick or
elements in her noble fruits? South. JQUIV’ER, v. 7. [D. huiveren, to shiver. This stone wall. Encye.
QUIT, a. Free; clear; discharged from ; word seems to belong to the family of| QUOIT, n. [D. coite.]) A kind of horse
absolved. _quaver, W. cwibiaw, to trill, to quiver, shoe to be pitched or thrown at a fixed
eww, a whirl or turn, ewiviaw, to fly object in play. In common practice, a plain
The owner of the ox shall be quit. Ex. xxi. flat stone is used for this purpose.
[This word, though primarily a parti- about, to wander, cwipiaw, to move brisk-
ly, cwyvaw, to stir, move, agitate.] 2. In some authors, the discus of the an-
ciple, and never placed before its noun, cients, thrown in trials of strength.
has properly the sense of an adjective.] 1. To shake or tremble ; to quake ; to shud-
der; toshiver. This word expresses that 7 Dryden.
Qui tam, [L.] A qui lam action, in law, is a
popular action, in which a man prose- tremulous motion of the body which pro- QUOIT, v. 7. To throw quoits; to play at
ceeds from loss of heat or vigor. Thus uoits. Dryden.
cutes an offender for the king or state, as QUOIT, v. t. To throw. [Wot used.) Shak.
well as for himself. persons quiver with fear or with cold.
He quiver’d with his feet and lay for dead. QUOLL, n. An animal of New Holland,
QUITCH’-GRASS, n. [properly quick- Dryden. resembling the polecat. Dict. Nat. Hist.
grass, probably from its vigorous growth, And left the limbs still quiv’ring on the QUON’DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having
or the difficulty of eradicating it.] ground. Addison. been formerly; former; as a quondam
Dog-grass; a species of grass which roots 2.. To play or be agitated with a tremulous king or friend. Shak.
deeply and is not easily killed. motion. \QUOOK, pret. of quake. Obs. Spenser.
QUIT’€LAIM, v. t. [quit and claim.] To The green leaves quiver with the cooling QUO’/RUM, n. [L. gen. plu. of qui, who.)
release a claim by deed without covenants wind. Shak.|| ‘1. A bench efjustices, or such a number of
of warranty; to convey to another who The lakes that quiver to the curling breeze. officers or members as is competent by
hath some right in lands or tenements, all Pope.
law or constitution to transact business ;
one’s right, title and interest in the estate, QUIV/ERED, a. [from the noun quiver.] as a quorum of the house of representa-
by relinquishing all claim to them. The 1. Furnished with a quiver; as the quivered tives. A constitutional quorwn was not
words used in the instrument are, “ A hath nymph. Milton. present.
remised, released and forever quitclaimed 2, Sheathed as in a quiver. 2. A special commission ofjustices.
all his right, title and interest to a certain —Whose quills stand quivered at his ear. QUO'TA, n. [L. guotus; It. Sp. quota; Ir.
estate.” Blackstone. Pope. cod, cota, a part.]
QUIT’€LAIM, n. A deed of release; an QUIV’'ERING, ppr. Trembling, as with A just part or share; or the share, part or
instrument by which all claims to an es- cold or fear; moving with a tremulous proportion assigned to each. Each state
tate are relinquished to another without agitation. was ordered to furnish its quota of troops.
any covenant or warranty, express or QUIV’'ERING, n. The act of shaking or QUOTA’TION, n. [from quote.} The act
implied. Z. Swift. trembling ; agitation ; as, to be seized with of quoting or citing.
QUIT’CLAIMED, pp. Released by deed. a quivering. Sidney. 2. The passage quoted or cited ; the part of
QUIT’ €LAIMING, ppr. Conveying by deed QUIXOTI€, a. Like Don Quixote; ro- a book or writing named, repeated or ad-
of release. mantic to extravagance. duced as evidence or illustration. Locke.
 R RAB RAC
3. In mercantile language, the naming of the|(QUOTE, n. A note upon an author. Obs.||QUOTID‘IAN, a. [L. quotidianus ; quotus
price of commodities ; or the price speci- Cotgrave. and dies.] Daily ;occurring or returning
fied to a correspondent. QUO’TED, pp. Cited; adduced ;named. daily ; as a quotidian fever.
4. Quota ; share. [JVot used.] QUO’TER, n. One that cites the words of}}.QUOTID‘TAN,n. A fever whose parox-
QUOTE, v. t. [Fr. quoter, now coter; con- an author or speaker. ysms return every day.
nected with guste 2. Any thing returning daily. Milton.
— To cite, as a passage from some author; QUOTH, v. i. [Sax. cwythan, cythan, Goth. QUO'TIENT, n. [Fr. from L. quoties, how
to name, repeat or adduce a passage from quithan, to say, to tell; W. gwed, gwedyd; often.|
an author or speaker, by way of authority Ir. ceadach. Qu. L. inquio, contracted.] In arithmetic, the number resulting from the
or illustration ;as, to quote a passage from To say; tospeak. This verb is defective, division of one number by another, and
Homer; to quote the words of Peter, or a being used only in the first and third per- showing how often a less number is con-
passage of Paul’s writings; to quote chap- sons in the present and past tenses, as tained in a greater. Thus 3)12(4. Here
ter and verse. Atterbury. Swift. quoth I, quoth he, and the nominative al- 4is the quotient, showing that 3 is con-
2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an ways follows the verb. It is used only in tained 4 times in 12. Or quotient is an
article. ludicrous language, and has no variation expression denoting a certain part of a
3. To note. Shak. for person, number or tense. unit; as j.

R.
R is the eighteenth letter of the English] RA, as an inseparable prefix or preposition, |RABBIT, xn. [said to be from the Belgic
Alphabet, and an articulation sui generis, is the Latin re, coming to us through the robbe, robbeken. |
having little or no resemblance in pronun- Italian and French, and primarily signi- A small quadruped of the genus Lepus,
ciation to any other letter. But from the fying again, repetition. [See Re.] which feeds on grass or other herbage,
RABA'TE, v. t. (Fr. rabattre ; It. rabbattere; and burrows inthe earth. The rabbit is
position of the tongue in uttering it, it is
commutable with J, into which letter it is ra and battre, battere, to beat. See Beat said to be less sagacious than the hare.
changed in many words by the Spaniards and Abate.} It is a very prolific animal, and is kept in
and Portuguese, and some other nations; In falconry, to recover a hawk to the fist. warrens for the sake ofits flesh.
as lis alsochanged intor. It is numbered Ainsworth. RAB‘BLE, n. [L. rabula, a brawler, from
among the liquids and semi-vowels, and is RABA’TO, n. [Fr. rabat.] A neckband or rabo, to rave; Dan. raaber; D. rabbelen;
sometimes called the canine letter. It is ruff. {Not in use.] connected with a great family of words
uttered with a guttural extrusion of the RAB/BET, v. t. [Fr. raboter.] To pare down with these elements, Rb, Rp. Qu. Sp.
breath, and in some words, particularly the edge ofa board or other piece of tim- rabel, the tail.]
at the end or after a labial and a dental let- ber, for the purpose of receiving the edge IL. A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy peo-
ter, with a sort of quivering motion or of another piece by lapping and thus unit- ple ; the mob; a confused disorderly
slight jar ofthe tongue. Its English uses, ing the two. Moxon. crowd. Shak.
which are uniform, may be understood by 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards, &c. 2. The lower class of people, without ref-
the customary pronunciation of rod, room, In ship carpentry, to let the edge of a
plank into the keel. Mar. Dict. ference to an assembly ; the dregs of the
rose, bar, bare, barren, disturb, catarrh, free, people. Addison.
brad, pride, drip, drag, drown. RAB/BET, n. A cut on the side ofa board,
&c. to fit it to another by lapping; a joint [RAB/BLE-CHARMING, a. Charming or
In words which we have received from the made by lapping boards, &c. delighting the rabble. South.
Greek language, we follow the Latins, | RAB/BETED, pp. Pared down at the edge; RAB/BLEMENT, n. A tumultuous crowd
who wrote h after r, as the representative united by a rabbet joint. of low people. [Not in use.]
of the aspirated sound with which this let- RAB’/BETING, ppr. Paring down the edge Spenser. Shak.
ter was pronounced by the Greeks. Itis the of a board ; uniting by a rabbet joint. RABDOL/OGY, n. [Gr. pa8dos, a rod, and
same in the Welsh language. But as the RAB/BET-PLANE, n. A joiner’s plane for nroyos, discourse. |
letter is not aspirated in English, h is en- paring or cutting square down the edge A method of performing mathematical ope-
tirely superfluous ; rhapsody, rkeum, rheto- of a board, &c. Moxon. rations by little square rods. Ash.
ric being pronounced rapsody, reum, reto- RAB’BI, ;
Ss
RABID, a. [L. rabidus, from rabio, rabo, to
ric. RAB’BIN, M- (Ch. x34, Ar. 4) lord, mas- rage ; W. rhaib.]
As an abbreviation, R.in English, stands for | ter.] Furious; raging; mad; as a rabid dog or
rex, king, as George R. A title assumed by the Jewish doctors, sig- wolf. It is particularly applied to animals
In the notes of the ancients, R. or RO. | nifying master or lord. This title is not of the canine genus, affected with the dis-
stands for Roma; R.C. for Romana civ- conferred by authority, but assumed or temper called rabies, and whose bite com-
itas; R. G. C. for rei gerende causa; R. allowed by courtesy to learned men. municates hydrophobia,
F. E. D. for recte factum et dictum; R. G. Encye. RAB/IDNESS, n. Furiousness ;madness.
F. for regis filius ; R. P. respublica, or Ro-| RABBIN’TE, a, Pertaining to the Rab- RAB/INET, n. A kind of smaller ordnance.
mani principes. |RABBIN/I€AL, § “ bins, or to their opin- Ainsworth.
ions, learning and language. R‘ACA, n. A Syriac word signifying emp-
As a numeral, R, in Roman authors, stands!'
R ABBIN‘i€, n. The language or dialect of ty, beggarly, foolish ; a term of extreme
for 80, and with a dash over it, R, for/ the Rabbins ; the later Hebrew. contempt. Matt. v.
80,000. But in Greek, p, with a smail | RAB/BINISM, n. A Rabbinic expression or RACE, n. [Fr. race, from the It. razza ; Sp.
/

mark over it, thus, p, signifies 100, and phraseology; a peculiarity of the lan- raza, a race, a ray, and raiz, a root, L.
with the same mark under it, it denoted! guage of the Rabbins. Encye. radix; Russ. rod, a generation, race ; roju,
1000X 100, or 100,000. In Hebrew, 5)'RAB’BINIST, n. Among the Jews, one to beget. The primary sense of the root
denoted 200, and with two horizontal who adhered to the Talmud and _ the tra- is to thrust or shoot; the L. radix and radi-
ditions of the Rabbins, in opposition to us having the same original. This word
points over it, 5, 1000200, or 200,000.

| &c.
i the Caraites, who rejected the traditions. coincides in origin with rod, ray, radiate,
Among physicians, R. stands for recipe, take. RAB/BINITE, n. The same as rabbinist. Class Rd.}
 RAC RAC RAC
1. The lineage of a family, or continued se- RACEMIF’EROUS, a. [L. racemus, a clus- 2. To torment; to torture; to affect with
ries of descendants from a parent who is) ter, and fero, to bear.] extreme pain or anguish; as racked with
called the stock. A race is the series of] Bearing racemes or clusters ; as the race- deep despair. Milton.
descendants indefinitely. Thus all man- miferous fig-tree. Asiat. Res. 3. To harass by exaction.
kind are called of Adam ; the RAC’EMOUS,
the race a. Growing in racemes or The landlords there shamefully rack their
Israelites are of the race of Abraham and clusters. Encye. tenants. Spenser.
Jacob. Thus we speak of a race of kings, RA‘CER, n. [from race.] A runner; one 4. To stretch; to strain vehemently; to
the race of Clovis or Charlemagne ; a) that contends in a race. wrest; as, to rack and stretch Scripture;
race of nobles, &e. And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize. to rack invention. Hooker. Waterland.
Hence the long race of Alban fathers come. Pope.
The wisest among the heathens racked their
Dryden.|, RACH, n. [Sax.rece; D. brak ;Fr. braque.| wits— Tillotson.
2. A generation: a family of descendants. A setting dog.
A race of youthful and unhandled colts, RA/CINESS, n. [See Racy.] The quality 5. To stretch; to extend. Shak.
Shak. of being racy. RACK, v. t. [Ar. SL, rauka, to clear, to
3. A particular breed ; as arace of mules; a RACK, n. [D. rek, rack, stretch ; rekker, to
race of horses ; a race of sheep. stretch; Sax. racan, recan, Eng. to reach ; strain. Class Rg. No. 8.]
Chapman. G. recken, to stretch; reckbank, a_ rack. To draw off from the lees; to draw off, as
Of such a race no matter who is king. See Reach and Break. Class Rg. No. 18. pure liquor from its sediment ; as, to rack
Murphy. 21. 33.) cider or wine; to rack off liquor.
4, A root; as race-ginger, ginger in the root 1. An engine of torture, used for extorting Bacon.
or not pulverized. confessions from criminals or suspected)! RACK’ED, pp. Tortured ; tormented ; strain-
5. A particular strength or taste of wine; a) persons. The rack is entirely unknown) ed to the utmost.
kind of tartness. (Query, does this be-| in free countries. 2. Drawn off, as liquor.
F aD 3 , RACK/ER, nx. One that tortures or tor-
long to this root or to the following ?] \2. Torture; extreme pain ; anguish.
Temple. Massenger.| A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack and ments; one that racks.
RACE, n. [D. ras; Sw. resa, to go; Dan. makes him as miserable as it does the meanest RACK/‘ET, n. [This word belongs to the
rejse, a going or course ; L. gradior, subject. Temple. root of crack, Fr. craquer. See Rocket.)
gressus, with the prefix g; Ir. ratha, a 3 . Any instrument for stretching or extend- 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud
running ; reatham, to run ; Ww. er a ing any thing; as a rack for bending a than uproar; applied to the confused
step, from rhaz, a going; allied to W, rhéd, bow. Temple. sounds of animal voices, or such voices
a race; rhedu, to run, to race 5 allied to A grate on which bacon is laid. mixed with other sound. We say, the
Eng. ride. See Class Rd. No 5. and 9.) 5. A wooden frame of open work in which children make a racket; the racket of a
1. A running; a rapid course or motion,| hay is laid for horses and cattle for feed- flock of fowls.
either on the feet, on horseback or in a ing. 2. Clamor; noisy talk. Swift.
carriage, &c.; particularly, a contest in) G.> The frame of bones of an animal; a skel- IRACK/ET, v. 7. To make a confused noise
running ;a running in competition for a eton. We say, a rack of bones. | or clamor ; to frolick. Gray.
prize. 7. A fraine of timber on a ship’s bowsprit. RACKET, vn. [Fr. raquette ;Sp. raqueta;
The race was one of the exercises of the Gre- Mar. Dict. G. racket; D. raket.|
cian games. Encye. ‘The instrumeut with which players at tennis
1 wield the gauntlet and I run the race. RACK, n. [Sax. hracea. the neck; Gr.
Pope. payes, the spine; W. rhac; D. kraag, G | strike the ball. Shak. Digby.
kragen, Sw. Dan. krage, a collar ; Old} RACKET, v. lt. To strike as with a racket.
2. Any running with speed. Eng. crag.| Hewyt.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the The neck and spine ofa fore quarter of veal RACK/ETY, a. Making a tumultuous
race of any beast. Bacon.| or mutton. nose.

3. A progress: a course; a movement (The two foregoing words are doubtless from RACK‘ING, ppr. Torturing ; tormenting ;
or progression of any kind. one original. | straining ; drawing off.
My race of glory run. Pope RACK, n. [Sax. rec, steam ; recan, to ex- 2. a. Tormenting ; excruciating ; as a rack-
Let us run with patience the race that is set hale ; D. rook, rooken ; G. rauch, rauchen ; ing pain.
before us. Heb. xii. Sw. rok, réka; Dan. rog, roger. See RACKING, n. Torture; a stretching on
4, Course ; train ; process; as the prosecu-) Reek.| the rack,
tion and race of the war. [Mot now used.| Properly, vapor; hence, thin flying broken 2. Torment of the mind; anguish; as the
Bacon.) clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in rackings of conscience.
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the the sky. 3. The act of stretching cloth on a frame
channel or passage for such a current; as The winds in the upper region, which move for drying.
a mill-race. ‘ the clouds above, which we call the rack— 4. The act of drawing from the sediment, as
liquors.
6. By way of distinction, a contest in the run- Bacon.
RACK’ING-PACE, nn. The racking-pace
ning of horses; generally in the plural. The great globe itself,
The races commence in October. Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve, ofa horse is an amble, but with a quicker
and shorter tread.
And, like this unsubstantial pageant, faded, Far. Dict.
RACE, v.i. To run swiftly ; to run or con- Leave not a rack behind. Shak. RACK’-RENT, n. An annual rent of the
tend in running. The animals raced over
the ground. It is disputed however, whether rack in full value of the tenement or near it.
RACE-GIN/GER, n. Ginger in the root or this passage should not be wreck. Blackstone.
not pulverized. RACK, n. [for arrack. See Arrack.| Among RACK’/-RENTED, a. Subjected to the pay-
RA/CE-HORSE, n. A horse bred the Tartars, a spirituous liquor made of| ment of rack-rent.
or kept Franklin.
for running in contest; a horse that runs mare’s milk which has become sour and RACK’-RENTER, x. One that is subject-
in competition. Addison. is then distilled. Encyce. ed to pay rack-rent. Locke.
RACEMA’TION, n. [L. racemus, a cluster. | RACK, v. 7. [Sax. recan. See the Noun.] (RACOON’, n. An American quadruped of
1. A cluster, as of grapes. Brown. 1. Properly, to steam; to rise, as_ vapor. the genus Ursus. It is somewhat larger
2. The cultivation of clusters of grapes. [See Reek, which is the word used.] than a fox, and its fur is deemed valuable,
Burnet. 2. To fly. as vapor or broken clouds. Shak. next to that of the beaver. This animal
RAC’EME, a. [L. racemus, a bunch of ber- RACK, v. ¢t. [from the noun.] ‘To torture; lodges in a_ hollow tree, feeds on vegeta-
ries.| to stretch or strain on the rack or wheel ; bles, and its flesh is palatable food. It in-
In botany, a species of inflorescence, con- as, to rack a criminal or suspected person, habits North America from Canada to the
sisting of a peduncle with short lateral toextort a confession of bis guilt, or com-|) tropics. \
Belknap. Dict. Nut. Hist.
branches. It is simple or compound, na- pel him to betray his accomplices. RA/CY, a. [This word, if the sense of it is
ked or leafy, &c. Martyn.! Dryden.| strong, vigorous, would seem to belong te
 RAD RAD RAF
the family of Sax. hres, force; resan, to RA/DIATE, v. t. To enlighten ; to illumin- |RAD‘ICALNESS, n. The state of being
rush. But the application of it by Cow- ate; to shed light or brightness on, [{Us- radical or fundamental.
ley in the passage below, seems to indi- ually irradiate. | Hewyt. RAD‘ICANT, a. [L. radicans.] In botany,
cate its connection with the Sp. Port. ravz, RA’DIATE, a. In botany, a rayed or radiate) rooting ; as a radicant stem or leaf.
root, L. radix.} : corol or flower, is acompound flower con- Lee. Martyn.
Strong; flavorous ; tasting of the soil; as sisting of a disk, in which the corollets or |
RAD'TICATE, v.t. [L. radicatus, radicor,
racy cider ; racy wine. Johnson. florets are tubular and regular, and of a | from radix, root.]
Rich racy verses, in which we ray, in which the florets are irregular.
The soil from which they come, taste, smell Martyn. 'To root; to plant deeply and firmly ; as radi-
| cated opinions; radicated knowledge.
and see. Cowley. Or a flower with several semiflosculous | Glanville.
RAD, the old pret. of read. Spenser.|) florets set round a disk in form of a radi- Meditation will radicate these seeds—
RAD, RED, ROD, an initial or termina- aut star. Encye. | Hammond.
ting syllable in names, is the D. raad, G.| RA‘DIATED, pp. Adorned with rays of} RAD‘I€CATE,
rath, counsel; as in Conrad, powerful in light. Addison. pp. or a. Deeply planted.
counsel; Ethelred, noble counsel. 2. Having crystals diverging from a center. |RAD/ICATED,
|
RAD‘DLE, v. t. [probably from Sax. wred, Mineralogy. | —Prejudices ofa whole race ofpeople radica-
ted by a succession of ages. Burke.
wrad or wreth, a band or wreath, or from RA/DIATING, ppr. Darting rays of light ;)
the same root.]} enlightening; as the radiating point in RADICA‘TION, n. [from radicate.| The
To twist; to wind together. [ot in use.] optics. process of taking root deeply; as the rad-
Defoe. RADIA‘TION, xn. [L. radiatio.] The emis-|) ication of habits.
(2. In botany, the disposition of the root ofa
RAD'‘DLE, 2. [supra.] A long stick used), siou aud diffusion of rays of light; beamy
in hedging; also, a hedge formed by in- plant with respect to the ascending and
brightness. Bacon.)
terweaving the shoots and branches of 2. The shooting of any thing from a center,) descending caudex and the radicles.
trees or shrubs. Todd. Lee.
like the diverging rays of light.
{I believe the two foregoing words are RAD‘ICAL, a. [Fr. from L. radicalis, from RAD/'TCLE, n. [L. radicula, from radiz.}
not used in the United States, and preba- radix, root. See Race and Ray.| \l. That part of the seed of a plant which
bly they are local.] 1. Pertaining to the root or origin; original; upon vegetating becomes the root.
RAD’DOCK, {from red, ruddy, which fundamental ;as a radical truth or error 3) Encye.
RUD’‘DOCK, fme see.] A bird, the red- a radical evil; a radical difference of opin- (2. The fibrous part of a root, by which the
breast. Shak. jons or systems. stock or main body of it is terminated.
RADIAL, a. [from L. radius, a ray, a rod, iw). Implanted by nature; native; constitu-)) Martyn.
aspoke. See Radius and Ray.] tional; as the radical moisture of a body. RADIOMETER, nv. [L. radius, rod, and
Pertaining to the radius or to the fore arin Bacon. | Gr. wetpov, measure. |
of the human body; as the radial artery}. . Primitive; original ; underived ; uncom- The forestaff, an instrument for taking the
or nerve. Rush. pounded ; as a radical word. altitudes of celestial bodies. Ash.
The radial muscles are two muscles of|) . Serving to origination.
)RAD‘ISH, n. [Sax. redic; D. radys; G.
the fore arm, one of which bends the . In botany, proceeding immediately from
Oe radiess ; Corn. rydhik ; Iv. raidis ; W.
wrist, the other extends it. the root; as a radical leaf or peduncle. rhuzygyl, from rhuzyg, red. See Ruddy.)
Encye. Parr. Martyn. ‘A plant of the genus Raphanus, the root of
Radial curves, in geometry, curves of the |RAD/ICAL, n. In philology, a primitive which is eaten raw. Horse-radish is of
spiral kind, whose ordinates all terminate word ; a radix, root, or simple underived)) the genus Cochlearia. Water-radish is of
in the center of the ineluding circle, and uncompounded word. | the genus Sisymbrium.
appear like so many semidiameters. 2.
w A primitive letter; a letter that belongs RADIUS, n. [L. id. a ray, a rod, a beam, a
Bailey.| to the radix. spoke, that is, a shoot; radio, to shine,
RA‘DIANCE, a [L. radians, radio, to); . In chimistry, an element, or a simple con-!| that is, to dart beanis. See Ray.]
RA/DIANCY, beam or shoot rays.) stituent part of a substance, which is inca- ‘1. In geometry, a right line drawn or extend-
See Radius and Ray.] pable of decomposition. Parke.|\ ing from the center of a circle to the
Properly, brightness shooting in rays or That which constitutes the distinguish-}, periphery, and hence the semidiameter of
beams; hence in general, brilliant or) ing part of an acid, by its union with oxy-| the cirele. In trigonometry, the radius is
sparkling luster ; vivid brightness; as the!
. 7 |
gen.
5
Ure.|| the whole sine, or sine of 90°.
radiance of the sun. | Compound radical, is the base of an acid 2. In anatomy, the exterior bone of the fore
The Son composed of two or more substances.|| arm, descending along with the ulna from
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance) Thus a vegetable acid having a radical) the elbow to the wrist.
crown’d | composed of hydrogen and carbon, is said) 3. In botany, a ray; the outer part or cir-
Of majesty divine. Milton., to be an acid with a compound radical. cumierence of a compound radiate flow-
RA’DIANT. a. Shooting or darting rays of) Radical quantities, in algebra, quantities) { er, or radiated discous flower. Martyn.
light; beaming with brightwess ; emitting! whose roots may be accurately expressed) IRA/DIX, n. [L. a root.] In etymology, a
a vivid light or splendor; as the radiant in numbers. The term is sometimes ex-) primitive word from which spring other
sun. tended to all quantities under the radical) | words.
Mark what radiant state she spreads. sign. 2. In logarithms, the base of any system
Milton. 'Radical sign, the sign / placed before any} of logarithms, or that number whose log-
Radiant in glittering arms and beamy pride. quantity, denoting that its root is to be
Milton.) arithm is unity. Thus in Briggs’, or the
extracted ; thus, a or /a-+b. common systein of logarithms, the radix
RA’DIANT, xn. In optics, the luminous} Encyc. Bailey. is 10; in Napier’s, it is 2.7182818284.
point or object from which light emanates, All other numbers are considered as some
that falls on a mirror or lens. RADICAL/ITY, n. Origination. Brown.
powers or roots of the radix, the expo-
RA'DIANTLY, adv. With beaming bright- 2. A being radical; a quantity which has | nents of which powers or roots, constitute
ness; with glittering splendor. relation to a root. Bailey.
the logarithms of those numbers respect-
RA'DIATE, v.7. [L. radio. See Ray.| To IRAD/ICALLY, adv. Originally ; at the or- ively.
issue in rays, as light; to dart, as beams igin or root; fundamentally; as a scheme
of brightness ; to shine. or system radically wrong or defective. \3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly 2. Primitively; essentially ; originally ; with- root of a finite expression, from which a
to our eyes. Locke. out derivation. series is derived. Hutton.
2. To issue and proceed in direct lines from These great orbs thus radically bright. R‘AFF, v. t. [G. raffen, to sweep, to seize
a point. Prior. or snatch. Itseems to be fromthe root of
 RAF RAG RAT
Sax. reafian, L. rapio; Ch. Syr. Heb. 73; hair; Gr. paxos, a torn garment; paxoa, to * The chariots shall rage in the streets. Nab.
tear; poyas, a rupture, a rock, a crag; ii.
Ar. Gy> jarafa, to sweep away ; Persic payow, to tear asunder; W. rhwygaw, to The madding wheels of brazen chariots
rend; Arm. roga, id. The Spanish has rag’d. Milton.
o -U> ;

wt?Dy roftan, id.] the word in the compounds andrajo, a rag, 6. 'To toy wantonly; tosport. [ot in use.]
andrajoso, ragged; It. straccio, a rent, a Gower.
To sweep; to snatch, draw or huddle to- RA’GEFUL, a. Full of rage; violent; fu-
gether; to take by a promiscuous sweep. rious. Sidney. Hammond.
rag; stracciare, to tear; Ar. — RA‘GERY, n. Wantonness. [.Vot used.]
Obs.
Their causes and effects I thus raff up to- charaka or garaka, to tear. Class Rg. No. Chaucer.
ether. Carew. 34.] RAGG, n. Rowley ragg, a species of silicious
R‘AFF, n. The sweepings of society ; the 1. Any piece of cloth torn from the rest; a stone, of a dusky or dark gray color, with
rabble ; the mob [colluvies.!_ This is used tattered cloth, torn or worn till its tex- shining crystals, of a granular texture,
chiefly in the compound or duplicate, riff ture is destroyed. Linen and cotton rags and by exposure to the air acquiring an
-v2 are the chief materials of paper. ochery crust. Encye.
raf. [Pers. xis, roftah, L. quisquilie, 2. Garments worn out; proverbially, mean RAG’GED, a. [from rag.] Rent or worn
dress. into tatters, or till its texture is broken;
sweepings. | : Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. as a ragged coat; a ragged sail.
2. A promiscuous heap or collection ; a jum- Prov. xxiii. Arbuthnot.
ble. Barrow. And virtue, though in rags, will keep me 2. Broken with rough edges; uneven; as a
RAF’FLE, v. 7. [Fr. rafler, to sweep away, warm. Dryden. ragged rock.
to sweep stakes; D. ryffelen; Sp. rifar, to 3. A fragment of dress. Hudabras. 3. Having the appearance of being broken
raffle, and to strive, to quarrel, to dispute,) RAG, v. t. [Qu. Sax. wregian, to accuse ; or torn; jagged ; rough with sharp or ir-
and to rive, to split a sail; Port. rifa, a set or from the root of rage. The sense is to regular points.
of cards of the same color, and a raffle or break or burst forth.| The moon appears, when looked upon
raffling, also a craggy or steep place; rt- To scold; to rail. [{Locai.] Pegge. through a good glass, rude and ragged.
far, to neigh, as a mettlesome horse ;prob- RAGAMUF’FIN, n. [Qu. rag and Sp. mo- Burnet.
ably from riving, opening with a burst of far, to mock, or It. muffo, musty.} 4. Wearing tattered clothes; as a ragged
sound, or as we say, to rip out (an oath.)) A paltry fellow ; a mean wretch. Swift. fellow.
The Sp. rifar, to strive, is precisely the RAG!-BOLT, n. An iron pin with barbs on 5. Rough ; rugged.
Heb. 39, to strive ;Syr. to make a tumult its shank to retain it in its place. What shepherd owns those ragged sheep ?
or clamor; all from driving or violence. Mar. Dict. Dryden.
o- us RAGE, n. [Fr. rage, whence enrager, to en- RAG’'GEDNESS, x. The state of being
See Class Rb. No. 4. 12. 19. Pers. SD rage; Corn. arraich; Arm. arragt, arra- dressed in tattered clothes.
roftan, to sweep, to clean the teeth. See gein, to enrage. This belongs to the fam- 2. The state of being rough or broken irreg-
Raff)
To cast dice for a prize, for which each per-
ily of Re, to break or burst forth. See
Rag.
ularly ; as the raggedness of a cliff.
Perhaps Heb. Ch. Syr. pon, to RA/GING, ppr. [from rage.] Acting with
son concerned in the game lays down a grind or gnash the teeth; in Ar. to burn, violence or fury.
stake, or hazards a part of the value ; as, to break, to crack, to grind the teeth, to be 2. a. Furious; impetuous; vehemently
to raffle for a watch. angry. The radical sense of burn is in driven or agitated; as the raging sea or
BAF’FLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery! many cases to rage or be violent. Class tempest.
in which several persons deposit a part of] Rg. No. 34.) RA’GING, n. Fury; violence ; impetuosity.
the value of the thing, in consideration of, 1. Violent anger accompanied with furious Jonah i.
the chance ofgaining it. The successful words, gestures or agitation; anger ex- RA/GINGLY, adv. With fury; with vio-
thrower of the dice takes or sweeps the cited to fury. Passion sometimes rises to lent impetuosity. Hall.
whole. rage. RAG/MAN, n. A man who collects or deals
Torment and loud lament and furious rage. in rags, the materials of paper.
RAF’FLER, n. One who rafiles. Milton.
RAF’FLING, ppr. The act of throwing dice 2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation o Rawlinson.
for a prize staked by a number. RAGMAN’S-ROLL, n. A roll or register
any thing painful; as the rage of pain;
RAFT, x. [In Dan. raft is a rack for hay; the rage ofa fever ; the rage of hunger or
of the value of benefices in Scotland, made
in Sax. reafian is the L. rapio; qu. from by Ragimund, a legate of the pope, ac-
thirst. Pope.
floating, sweeping along, or Gr. pare, to 3. Fury; extreme violence ; as the rage ofa cording to which the clergy were after-
sew, that is, to fasten together, and allied wards taxed by the court of Rome. [See
tempest. Riginarole. | Encyc.
to reeve; or Gr. epepw, whence opopy, a 4. Enthusiasm ; rapture. |
flooring. [See Rafter and Roof.] Who brought green poesy to her perfect age,|
RAGOO’, [Fr.ragout ; Arm. ragoud.]
An assemblage of boards, planks or pieces And made that art which was a rage. RAGOUT, gn. A sauce or seasoning for
of timber fastened together horizontally Cowley. exciting a languid appetite; or a high
and floated down a stream ; a float. 5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to seasoned dish, prepared with fish, flesh,
Shak. Pope. some object; as the rage for money. greens and the like, stewed with salt, pep-
RAFT, pp. [Sax. reafian, to seize, L. rapio; You purchase pain with all that joy can give, per, cloves, &c. Encyc.
bereafian, to snatch away, to bereave.} And die of nothing but a rage to live. RAG’STONE, x». A stone of the silicious
Torn; rent; severed. Obs. Spenser. Pope. kind, so named from its rough fracture.
R‘AFTER, n. [Sax. refter; Gr. epepa, to RAGE, v. 7%. To be furious with anger; to It is of agray color, the texture obscurely
cover; opopy, a roof; Russ. strop, a roof.] be exasperated to fury; to be violently laminar or rather fibrous, the lamins con-
A roof timber; a piece of timber that ex- agitated with passion. sisting of acongeries of grains ofaquartzy
tends from the plate of a building to the At this he inly rag’d. Milton. appearance, coarse and rough. It effer-
ridge and serves to support the covering 2. To be violent and tumultuous. vesces with acids, and gives fire with
of the roof. Milton. Pope. steel. It is used for a whetstone without
Why do the heathen rage? Ps. ii.
R'AFTERED, a. Built or furnished with oil or water, for sharpening coarse cutting
rafters. 3. To be violently driven or agitated; as the tools. Encyc. Nicholson.
raging sea or winds. RAG/WORT, n. A plant of the genus Se-
R\AFTY, a. Damp; musty. [Zocal.] 4. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, | necio.
Robinson. or with fatal effect; as, the plague rages RAIL, n. [G. riegel, rail, bolt or bar; W.
RAG, n. [Sax. hracod, torn, ragged ; racian, in Cairo. rhail.]
to rake ; Dan. rager, to rake ; ragerie, old 5. To be driven with impetuosity ; to act or) 1. A cross beam fixed at the ends in two up-
clothes; . Sw.
‘era
raka,
A
to shave; ragg, rough move furiously. | right posts. Moxon.
 RAT RAI RAI
{In New England, this is never called a 2. Bails in general; or the scantling for arch oflight, more faint than that formed
beam ; pieces of timber of the proper size rails. by the sun, and called lunar rainbow.
for rails are called scantling.| RATILINGLY, adv. With scoffing or in- { Similar bows at sea are called marine
2. In the United States, a piece of timber sulung language. rainbows or sea bows. Encyc.
cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, RAUILLERY, x. [Fr. raillerie.] Banter;)RA‘IN-DEER, n. [Sax. hrana; Basque,
inserted in upright posts for fencing. The Jesting language ; good bumored pleas- |__orena or orina.]
common rails among farmers, are rough, antry or slight satire; satirical merriment. The rane, a species of the cervine genus ;thus
being used as they are split from the chest- Let raillery be without malice or heat. written Spect. No. 406. [See Rane.]
nut or other trees. The rails used in B. Jonson. RA‘ININESS, n. [from rainy.] The state
fences of boards or pickets round gentle- —Studies employed onlow objects ; the very of being rainy.
men’s houses and gardens, are usually naming of them is sufficient to turn them into RA/IN-WATER, n. Water that has fallen
raillery. Addison.
sawed scantling and often dressed with |RA‘ILLEUR, n. [Fr.] A banterer; a jest- |{ from the clouds. Boyle.
the plane. b i er; amocker. [Wot English nor in use.] RAINY, a. Abounding with rain; wet;
3. A bar of wood or iron used for inclosing Sprat. showery ; as rainy weather; a rainy day
any place; the piece into which ballusters RA’IMENT, or season.
n. [for arrayment ; Norm. ara-||
are inserted. er, to array ; araies, array, apparel. See]| |RAISE, v. t. raze. [Goth. raisyan, ur-rais-
4. A series of posts connected with cross Array and Ray.] yan, to raise, to rouse, to excite ; wr-reisan,
beams, by which a place is inclosed. to rise. This word occurs often in the
Johnson. 1. Clothing in general ; vestments ; vesture; Gothic version of the gospels, Luke iii. 8.
garments. Gen. xxiv. Deut. viii.
In New England we never call this se- Living, both food and raiment she supplies. John vi. 40.44. In Sw. resa signifies to
ries a rail, but by the general term railing. Dryden. go, walk or travel, and to raise; Dan. rej-
In a picket fence, the pales or pickets rise 2. A single garment. Sidney. ser, the same. These verbs appear to be
above the rails; in a ballustrade, or fence [Un this sense it is rarely used, and indeed the L. gradior, gressus, without the pre-
resembling it, the ballusters usually ter- is Umproper.] fix; and gradior is the Shemitie 7,
minate in the rails. RAIN, v. 7. (Sax. hregnan, regnan, renian, which has a variety of significations, but
5. In a@ ship, a narrow plank nailed for orna- rinan, to rain; Goth. rign, rain; Sax. in Syriac, to go, to walk, to pass, as in
ment or security on a ship’s upper works; racu, Cimbric, raekia, rain; D. G. regen, Latin. Whether the Swedish and Dan-
also, a curved piece of timber extending | rain; D. regenen, to rain; Sw. regn, rain ;| ish verbs are from different roots, blended
from the bows of a ship to the continua-|| regna, to rain; Dan. regn, rain; regner, to | by usage or accident, or whether the dif-
tion of its stern, to support the knee of the rain; G. beregnen, to rain on. It seems ferent senses have proceeded from one
head, &c. Mar. Dict. that rain is contracted from regen. It is common signification, to move, to open,
RAIL, n. A bird of the genus Rallus, con- the Gr. Speze, to rain, to water, which we to stretch, let the reader judge.]
sisting of many species. The water rail retain in brook, and the Latins, by drop-| 1. To lift; to take up; to heave; to lift from
has along slender body with short con- ping the prefix, in rigo, irrigo, to wrrigate.|| a low or reclining posture; as, to raise a
cave wings. The birds of this genus in- The primary sense is to pour out, to drive stone or weight; to raise the body in bed.
habit the slimy margins of rivers and The angel smote Peter on the side and raised
ponds covered with marsh plants. him up. Acts xii.
forth, Ar. S ye baraka, coinciding with
Encyce. 2. To set upright; as, to raise a mast.
RAIL, n. [Sax. hregle, regle, from wrigan, Heb. Ch. Syr. Jv2. Class Brg. No. 3.] 3. To set up; to erect ; to set on its founda-
to put on or cover, to rig.] . To fall in drops from the clouds, as wa- tions and put together; as, to raise the
A woman’s upper garment; retained in the ter; used mostly with 7 for a nominative ;| frame ofa house.
word nightrail, but not used in the United as, it rains ; it will rain; it rained, or it '4. To build; as, to raise a city, a fort, a
States. has rained. wall, &c.
RAIL, v. t. To inclose with rails. 2. To fall or drop like rain; as, tears rained I will raise forts against thee. Ts eXKix.
Carew. Spectator. at their eyes. Milton. Amos ix.
2. To range in a line. Bacon. |RAIN, v. t. To pour or shower down from 5. To rebuild.
RAIL, v. 7. [D. rallen, to jabber; Sp. ral- the upper regions, like rain from the They shall raise up the former desolations.
lar, to grate, to molest; Port. ralhar, to clouds. Ts. Ixi.
swagger, to hector, to huff, to scold. This)! Then said the Lord to Moses, behold, I will 6. To form to some highth by accumula-
corresponds nearly with the G. praklen, rain bread from heaven for you. Ex. xvi. tion; as, to raise a heap of stones. Josh.
which may be the same word with a pre- God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, Vill.
fix, Eng. to brawl, Fr. brailler ; Sw. ralla, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. '7. ‘To make; to produce; to amass; as, to
to prate; Fr. railler, to rally. In Dan. Job xx. raise a great estate out of small profits.
Upon the wicked he shall raim snares, fire 8. To enlarge ; to amplify. Shak.
driller signifies to drill and to banter.] and brimstone, and a horrible tempest. Ps. xi. 9. 'To exalt; to elevate in condition ; as, to
To utter reproaches ; to scoff; to use inso-
lent and reproachful language; to re- RAIN, n. [Sax. ragn, regn, ren.] The de- raise one from a low estate.
proach or censure in opprobrious terms; scent of water in drops from the clouds 3) 10. To exalt; to advance; to promote in
followed by at or against, formerly by on. or the water thus falling. Rain is distin-|| rank or honor; as, to raise one to an of-
Shak. guished from mist, by the size of the fice of distinction.
drops, which are distinetly visible. When This gentleman came to be raised to great
And rail at arts he did not understand.
Dryden.
water falls in very small drops or parti- titles. Clarendon.
cles, we call it mist, and fog is composed ‘Il. To enhance; to increase; as, to raise
‘Lesbia forever on me rails. Swift.|| of particles so fine as to be not only indis-||
RAIL-BIRD, n. A bird of the genus Cucu- the value of coin; to raise the price of
tinguishable, but to float or be suspended goods.
lus. Encye. in the air.
RA‘ILER, x. One who scoffs, insults, cen-|| RA/INBAT, a. Beaten or injured by the) ‘12. To increase in current value.
sures or reproaches with opprobrious lan- rain. [Not used.] Hall. } pence
The plate pieces of eight were raised three
in the piece. Temple.
guage. South. Thomson. RA/INBOW, n. A bow, or an arch of a |13. To excite ;to put in motion or action;
RAILING, ppr. Clamoring with insulting circle, consisting of all the colors formed
language ; uttering reproachful words. as, to raise a tempest or tumult.
by the refraction and reflection of rays 0 He commandeth and raiseth the stormy
2. a. Expressing reproach; insulting; asa light from drops of rain or vapor, appear- wind. Ps. evil.
railing accusation. 2 Pet. ii. ing in the part of the hemisphere opposite 14. To excite to sedition, insurrection, war
RAILING, n. Reproachful or insolent Jan- to the sun. When the sun is at the hori- or tumult; to stir up. Acts xxiv.
guage. 1 Pet. iii. zon, the rainbow is a semicircle. The Eneas then employs his pains
RA‘ILING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. rainbow is called also iris. Newton. In parts remote to raise the Tuscan swains.
RA‘ILING, n. Aseries of rails; a fence. The moon sometimes forms a bow or Dryden.
 RAI RAK RAK
15. To rouse ; to awake; to stir up. To raise a purchase, in seamen’s language, W. rhacanu; Ir. racam; G. rechen; Fr.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of is to dispose instruments or machines in racler; Arm. racla, 'The D. hark, harken,
their sleep. Job xiv. such a manner as to exert any mechanical is our harrow, but of the same family, the
16. To increase in strength; to excite from force required. Mar, Dict. great family of break, crack, L. frico. Class
languor or weakuvess. The pulse is raised To raise a siege, is to remove a besieging ar- Rg. No. 34. 38. 47.]
by stimulants, sometimes by venesection. my and relinquish an attempt to take the jl. Properly, to scrape; to rub or scratch
17. To give beginning of importance to; to place by that mode of attack, or to cause with something rough; as, to rake the
elevate into reputation ; as, to raise a fam- the attempt to be relinquished. ground.
ily. RA‘ISED, pp. Litted ; elevated: exalted; 2. To gather with a rake; as, to rake hay or
18. To bring into being. promoted; set upright; built; made or barley.
God vouchsafes to raise another world enlarged ; produced ; enhanced ; excited ; 3. To clear with a rake; to smooth witha
From him. Milton. restored to life; levied; collected; rous- rake; as, to rake a bed ina garden; to
19. To bring from a state of death to life. ed; invented and propagated ; increased. rake land.
He was delivered for our offenses, and raised
again for ourjustification. Rom. iv. 1 Cor. xv IRA/ISER, n. One who raises; that which 4. To collect or draw together something
20. To call into view from the state of sep- raises ; one that builds; one that leviesor scattered; to gather by violence; as, to
collects; one that begins, produces or rake together wealth: to rake together
arate spirits ;as, to raise a spirit by spells
and incantations. Sandys. propagates. Bacon. Taylor. slanderous tales; to rake together the rab-
21. To invent and propagate ; to originate;)RAISIN, n. rdzn. [Fr. Ir. id.; Arm. resin, ble of a town.
D. rozyn; G. rosine, a raisin, and '5. To scour; to search with eagerness all
to occasion ; as, to raise a report or story.|| resin;
rosinfarbe, crimson, [raisin-color;} Dan.
22. To set up; to excite; to begin by loud corners ofa place.
utterance; as, to raise a shout or ery. rosin. In Dan. and Sw. rosen signifies the The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.
erysipelas. -It is evident that the word is Swift.
. Dryden. from the same root as red and rose, being 6. In the military art, to enfilade ; to fire in
23. To utter loudly; to begin to sound or named from the color. See Red anu Rose.
clamor. He raised his voice against the a directiorw with the length of any thing;
This word is in some places prouounced particularly in naval engagements, to rake
measures of administration.
24. To utter with more strength or eleva- corruptly reezn. ‘The pronunciation of} is to canponade a ship on the stern or
Sheridan, Perry and Jameson accords head, so that the balls range the whole
tion; to swell. Let the speaker raise his
with that which prevails in the easterp length of the deck. Hence the phrase, to
voice.
states, which is regular, and which | have rake a ship tore and aft.
25. To collect; to obtain; to bring into a
sum or fund. Government raises money followed. ] To rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the
by taxes, excise and imposts. Private per- A dried grape. Grapes are suffered to re- fire with ashes.
sons and companies raise money for their main on the vines till they are perfectly RAKE, v. i. To serape ; to scratch into for
enterprises. ripe, and then dried in an oven, or by ex- finding something ; to search minutely and
26. To levy; to collect; to bring into ser- i} posure to the heat of the sun. Those dried meapnly ; as, to rake into a dunghill.
vice ; as, to raise troops ; to raise an army.
in the sun are the sweetest. Hil. South.
Milton. IRA‘ISING, ppr. Lifting ;elevating ; setting 2. To search with minute inspection into ey-
27. To give rise to. Milton.|| | upright; exalting ; producing ; enhancing; ery part.
28. To cause to grow ; to procure to be pro- restoring to life; collecting; levying ; One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated
duced, bred or propagated; as, to raise propagating, &c. words. Dryden.
wheat, barley, hops, &c.; to raise horses, |RA/ISING, n. The act oflifting, setting up, 3. To pass with violence or rapidity.
oxen or sheep. New England.|| elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring Pas could not stay, but over him did rake.
(The English now use grow in regard to to life. Sidney.
crops; as, to grow wheat. This verb in- 2. In New England, the operation or work 4. To seek by raking; as, to rake for oys-
transitive has never been used in New of setting up the frame of a building. ters.
England in a transitive sense, until re- RA‘JAH, [L. rev, regis.) In India, a 5. To lead a dissolute, debauched life.
cently some persons have adopted it from RA‘JA, f™ prince. Some of the rajahs Shenstone.
the English books. We always use raise, are said to be independent princes; others 6. To incline froma perpendicular direction ;
but in New England it is never applied to are tributary to the Mogul. Encye. as, a-mast rakes aft.
the breeding of the human race, as it is in RA’JAHSHIP, n. The dignity or principal- RA‘KED, pp. Scraped; gathered witha
the southern states.] ity of a rajah. Asiat. Res. rake ; cleaned with a rake; cannonaded
29. To cause to swell, heave and become RAKE, n. [Sax. raca, race ; G. rechen ; Ir. fore and aft.
light; as, to raise dough or paste by yeast raca; W.rhacai, rhacan. See the Verb.] RA/KEHELL, 2x. [Dan. rekel; now con-
or leaven. An instrument consisting of a head-piece in tracted into rake ; properly rakel.]
Miss Liddy can dance a jig and raise paste. which teeth are inserted, and a Jong hap- A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a
Spectator. dle; used for collecting hay or other light rake.
30. To excite ;to animate with fresh vigor; things which are spread over a large sur- RA/KEHELLY, a. Dissolute; wild.
as, to raise the spirits or courage. B. Jonson.
face, or in gardens for breaking and
31. To ordain ; to appoint; or to call to and smoothing the earth. RA’/KER, n. One that rakes.
prepare ; to furnish with gifts and qualifi- RAKE, x. (Dan. rekel ;probably from the RA’‘/KESHAME, n. A vile dissolute wreteh.
cation suited to a purpose; a Scriptural root of break.| Milton.
sense. A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a man aul RA/KING, ppr. Scraping; gathering with
1 will raise them up a prophet from among
their brethren. Deut. xviii. dicted to lewdness and other scandalous a rake; cleaning and smoothing witha
For this cause have I raised thee up, to show vices. Addison. Pope.|| rake; cannonading in the direction of the
in thee my power. Ex. ix. Judg. ii. RAKE, n. [Sax. racan, to reach.| The pro- length ; inclining.
32. To keep in remembrance. Ruth iy. jection of the upper parts of a ship, at the And raking chase-guns through our sterns
33. 'To cause to exist by propagation. Matt. highth of the stem and stern, beyond the | they send. Dryden.
XXii. extremities of the keel. The distance be-| 2. a. That rakes; as a raking fire or shot.
34. To incite; to prompt. Ezra i. | tween a perpendicular line from the ex-| RA‘/KING, n. The act of using a rake; the
39. To increase in intensity or strength ; as, tremity of stem or stern to the end ofthe) { act or operation of collecting with a rake,
|

to raise the heat ofa furnace. keel, is the length of the rake; one the or of cleaning and smoothing with a rake.
36. In seamen’s language, to elevate, as an || fore-rake, the other the rake-aft. 2. The space of ground raked at once ; or
object by a gradual approach to it; to 2. The inclination of a mast from a perpen-! the quantity of hay, &c. collected by once
bring to be seen at a yvreater angle; op- dicular direction. Mar. Dict. passing the rake.
posed to laying ; as, to raise the land; to! RAKE, v. t. [Sax.racian; Sw. raka; Dan. RA’KISH, a. Given to a dissolute life;
raise a point. Mar. Dict. rager, to shave, to rake; Corn. rackan;) lewd ; debauched. Richardson.
 RAM RAM RAM
RA‘KISHNESS, n. Dissolute practices.
RALLY, v. t. (Fr. rallier. This seems to
ated, and rhamu, to rise or reach over, to]! RAM ISHNESS, n. [from ram.} Rankness ;
soar. These seem to be allied to roam,| a strong scent.
be a compound of re, ra, and Her, L. ligo, RAMMED, pp. [See Ram.] Driven forei-
to unite.] romp, rampant ; Ar. ¢, to exceed or go | bly.
1. To reunite ; to collect and reduce to or- RAM’MER, n. One that rams or drives.
der troops dispersed or thrown into con- beyond, to depart. Class Rm. No. 5.] 2. An instrument for drivin g any thing with
fusion. ‘ 1. To rove ; to wander; to walk, ride or sail
force ; as a rammer for driving stones or
2. To collect; to unite; as things scattered. from place to place, without any determi-
ied or for beating the earth to more so-
Atterbury. nate object in view; or to visit many idity.
RALLY, v. ¢. [Fr. railler. See Raillery.) places; to rove carelessly or irregularl3}3. y A gun-stick ;a ramrod 3a rod for forcing
To treat with good humor and pleasantry, as, to ramble about the city ; to ramble over'|| down the charge ofa gun.
or with slight contempt or satire, accord- the country.
RAMMING, ppr. Driving with force.
ine to the nature of the case. Never ask leave to go abroad, for you will be||
thought an idle rambling tellow. RAMOON’,
Swift. RA’MOUS, n. A tree of America.
“Honeycomb rallies me upon a country life. a. [L. ramosus, from ramus, a
Addison. 2. To go at large without restraint and with- branch. ]
Strephon had Jong confess’d his am’rous pain, out direction.
Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain. 3. To move without certain direction. 1. In botany, branched, as a stem or root;
Gay. | having lateral
divisions. Martyn.
O’er his ample sides, the rambling sprays
RAL'LY, v. 7. To assemble ; to unite. Luxuriant shoot. Thomson.}) 2. Branchy ; consisting of branches; full of
Innumerable parts of matter chanced then to RAM‘BLE, n. A roving; a wandering ; al, branches. Newton. Woodward.
rally together and to form themselves into this going or moving frem place to place with- RAMP, v. i. [Fr. ramper, to creep; It. ram-
new world. Tillotson. out any determinate business or object; pa, a paw ; rampare, to paw ; rampicare,
2. To come back to order. an irregular excursion. to creep; W. rhamp, a rise or reach over;
The Grecians rally and their pow’rs unite. Coming home after a short christmas ramble, rhamant, a rising up, a vaulting or spring-
Dryden. I found a letter upon my table. Swift. ing ; rhamu, to reach over, to soar, to
3. To use pleasantry or satirical merriment. RAM’BLER, n. One that rambles; a rover; vault. See Ramble and Romance. |
Johnson. a wanderer. il. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
RALLY, xn. The act of bringing disordered | RAMBLING, ppr. Roving ; wandering; Plants furnished with tendrils catch hold, and
troops to their ranks. & moving or going irregularly. so ramping on trees, they mount to a great
2. Exercise of good humor or satirical mer- RAM’BLING, n. A roving; irregular ex- highth. Ray.
riment. cursion. South. 2. To spring; to leap; to bound;to prance ;
RAM, n. [Sax. D. ram; G. ramm, but ramm- RAM'‘BOOZE, 3 A drink made of wine,
to frolick.
RAM’BUSE, ™ ale, eggs and sugar in Their bridles they would champ—
bock, ram-buck, is used. See the Verb.]
And trampling the fine element, would fierce-
1. The male of the sheep or ovine genus ; in) winter, or of wine, milk, sugar and rose ly ramp. Spenser.
some parts of England called atup. In water in summer. Bailey. Sporting the lion ramp’d. Milton.
the United States, the word is applied, I RAM EKIN, [Fr. ramequin.] In [In the latter sense, the word is usually
believe, to no other male, except in the RAM EQUINS, § ”* cookery, small slices written and pronounced romp ; the word
compound ram-cat. of bread covered with a farce of cheese heing originally pronounced with a broad.]
2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodi- and eggs. Bailey. RAMP, a. A leap; a spring; a bound.
ac which the sun enters on the 2lst of RAMENTS, n. [L. ramenta, a chip.] Scrap- Milton.
March, or a constellation of fixed stars in ings; shavings. [Vol used.] Dict ‘|RAMPAL/ LIAN, n. A mean wretch. [Not
the figure of a ram. It is considered the 2. In botany, loose scales on the stems of] in use.| Shak.
first of the twelve signs.
plants. Linne. RAMP’ANCY, n. [from rampant.] Excessive
3. An engine of war, used formerly for bat- growth or practice ; excessive prevalence;
tering and demolishing the walls of cities ;RA'MEOUS, a. [L. ramus, a branch.} In
called a battering-ram. [See Battering- botany, belonging to a branch ; growing on}, exuberance ; extravagance; as the ramp-
ram.| si or shooting from a branch. Lee.) ancy of vice. South.
RAM, v. t. [G. rammen ;D. rammeijen; Dan. RAMIFI€A’TION, n. (Fr. from L. ramus, a | RAMPANT, i
a. [Fr. from ramper ; Sax.
en headlong. See Ramp and Ram-
ramler, to ram or drive ; rammer, to strike, branch. ]
ble.
to hit, to touch; W. rham, rhum, a thrust- 1. The process of branching or shooting|) 1. Overgrowing
branches from a stem. the usual bounds; rank in
ing, a projection forward. To the same
family belong L. ramus, a branch, that is, 2. A branch; a small division proceeding growth; exuberant; as rampant weeds.
a shoot or thrust, Heb. Ch. Syr. A> ra- from a main stock or channel; as the ram- Clarissa.
ifications of a family; the ramifications of] 2. Overleaping restraint ; as rampant vice.
mah, to throw, to project, Eth. ZAP an artery. Arbuthnot. South.
3. A division or subdivision ; as the ramifica- 3. In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or
rami, to strike; Ar. jens, ramai, to tions of a subject or scheme. other beast, rampant denotes the animal
4. In botany, the manner in which a tree reared and standing on his hind legs, in
shoot, to throw or dart. “Class Rm. No.
7.8.9. See Cram.] produces its branches or boughs. Lee. the posture of climbing. It differs from
saliant, which indicates the posture of
1. To thrust or drive with violence ; to force 5. The production of figures resembling
branches. Encyc. springing or making a sally. Encye.
in; to drive down or together ; as, to ram!
down a cartridge; to ram piles into the RAMIFIED, pp. Divided into branches. The lion rampant shakes his brinded mane.
earth. RAMIFY, v. £. [Fr. ramifier ;L. ramus, a : Milton.
2. To drive, as with a battering ram. branch, and facio. to make.] | RAMPART, n. [Fr. rempart; Arm. ramp-
3. To stuff; to cram. To divide into branches or parts ; as, to ram- arz, ramparzi; Fr. se remparer, to fence or
RAM'‘ADAN,n. Among the Mohammedans, ify an art, a subject or scheme. Boyle. || intrench one’s self; It. rivaramento, from
a solemn season of fasting. RAM'IFY, v. 7. To shoot into branches, as riparare, to repair, to defend, to Stop;
RAM/AGE, n. [L. ramus, a branch, whence the stem of a plant. Port. reparo ; reparar, to repair, to parry
Fr. ramage.} When the asparagus begins to ramify— in defense. Hence we see rampart is froin
1. Branches of trees. [.Vot in use.] Arbuthnot.|| L. reparo; re and paro. See Parry and
2. To be divided or subdivided; as a main| Repair.|
2. The warbling of birds sitting on boughs., subject or scheme.
Drummond. 1. In fortification, an elevation or mound of
3. [See Rummage. | RAM'IFYING, ppr. Shooting into branches earth round a place, capable of resisting
or divisions. ; cannon shot, and formed into bastions,
RAM'BLE, v. 7. [It. ramengare, to ramble,| RAM‘ISH, a. [Dan. ram, bitter, strong scent- curtains, &e. Encye.
to rove ; Arm. rambreal, to rave ;W. rhem- ed.]
pia, to run to an extreme, to be infatu- No standards from the hostile ramparts torn
Rank ; strong scented. Chaucer.|| Prior
Vol. If. 50
 RAN RAN RAN
2, That which fortifies and defends from as- RANE, Sax. hrana; Fr. renne; Far as creation’s ample range extends.
sault; that which secures safety. RANEDEER, ;™ TD. rendier; G. rennthier; Pope.
RAM’PART, v.t. To fortify with ramparts. Basque, orena or orina ; so named proba- \6. The step of aladder. [Corrupted in pop-
[.Vot in use.] Shak. bly from running. The true spelling is ular language to rung.] Clarendon.
RAM’PION, n. [from ramp.] The name of rane.| 7. A kitchen grate. Bacon. Wotton.
several plants; as the common esculent A species of deer found in the northern 8. A bolting sieve to sift meal.
rampion, a species of Campanula; the parts of Europe and Asia. He has large ‘9. In gunnery, the path of a bullet or bomb,
crested rampion, a species of Lobelia; the branched palmated horns, and travels or the line it describes from the mouth of
horned rampion, a species of Phyteuma. with great speed. Among the Lapland- the piece to the point where it lodges; or
Fam. of Plants. ers, he is a substitute for the horse, the the whole distance whichit passes. When
RAMP'IRE, n. The same as rampart; but cow, the goat and the sheep, as he fur- a cannon lies horizontally, it is called the
obsolete. nishes food, clothing and the means of| right level, or point blank range ;when
RAM’SONS, n. A plant, a species of Allium. conveyance. This animal will draw a the muzzle is elevated to 45 degrees, it is
Fam. of Plants. sled on the snow more than a hundred called the utmost range. To this may be
RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open miles in a day. Encye. added the ricochet, the rolling or bound-
robbery. Lambard. RAN’‘FORCE, n. The ring of a gun next ing shot, with the piece elevated from
RANCES'CENT, a. [L. ranceo, to be rank.| to the vent. Bailey. three to six degrees. Encyc. Mar. Dict.
Becoming rancid or sour. Encyc.| {{ do not find this word in modern RANGED, pp. Disposed in a row or line;
RANCH, v. t. [corrupted from wrench.] ‘To! books. | placed in order ; passed in roving; pla-
sprain; to injure by violent straining or RANG, the old pret. of ring. [Nearly obso- ced in a particular direction.
contortion. [JVot used.) lete. ANGER, n. One that ranges; a rover; a
Dryden. Garth. RANGE, v. t. [Fr. ranger; Arm. rencqa,|| robber. [Now little used.]
RAN’CID, a. [L. rancidus, from ranceo, to be rangein ;W. rhenciaw, from rhenc, reng, 2. A dog that beats the ground. :
rank. his is the Eng. rank, luxuriant in rank, which see.] 3. In England, a sworn officer of a forest,
growth. | 1. To set in a row or in rows; to place in a appointed by the king’s letters patent,
Having arank smell ; strong scented ; sour ; regular line, lines or ranks; to dispose in whose business is to walk through the
musty ; as rancid oil. Arbuthnot. the proper order ; as, to range troops in a forest, watch the deer, present trespasses,
RANCID ITY, The quality of being body; to range men or ships in the order &e. Encye
RAN’CIDNESS, ,” rancid; a strong, of battle. RANGERSHIP, n. The office of the keep-
sour scent, as of old oil. 2. To dispose in proper classes, orders or er of a forest or park.
The rancidity of oils may be analogous to the divisions ; as, to range plants and animals RANGING, ppr. Placing in a row or line;
oxydation of metals. Ure. in genera and species. disposing in order, method or classes; ro-
RAN‘C€OR, n. [L. from ranceo, to be rank.] 3. To dispose in a proper manner ; to place ving ; passing near and in the direction
1. The deepest malignity or spite; deep in regular method; in a general sense.|| of.
seated and implacable malice ; inveterate Range and arrange are used indifferently RANGING, n. The act of placing in lines
enmity. [This is the strongest term for en- in the same sense. or in order; aroving, &c.
mity which the English language supplies.| 4. ToTeach
rove over ; to pass over.
him to range the ditch and force the
RANK, n. [Ir. rane; W.rhenc ;Arm. rencg ;
It issues from the rancor of a villain. Shak. brake. Gay. Fr. rang, a_row or line; It. rango, rank,
2. Virulence ; corruption. Shak. condition ; Port. Sp. rancho, a mess or set
[This use is elliptical, over being omit- of persons; D. Dan. G. rang. In these
RAN’€OROUS, a. Deeply malignant ; im- ted.]
placably spiteful or malicious; intensely 5. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to words, 2 is probably casual ; Ar. teas
virulent. or near; as, to range the coast, that is,
So flam’d his eyes with rage and ranc’rous along the coast. to set in order; Heb. Ch. Jy id. Class
ire. Spenser. RANGE, v.27. To rove at large ; to wander Rg. No. 13.47. See also No. 18. 20. 21.
Rancorous opposition to the gospel of Christ. without restraint or direction. 27.46. The primary sense is probably to
West. As a roaring lion and a ranging bear. Prov. reach, to stretch, or to pass, to stretch along.
RAN’COROUSLY, adv. With deep ma- XXVUI. Hence rank and grade are often synony-
lignity or spiteful malice. 2. To be placed in order ; to be ranked. mous. }
RAND, n. [G. D. Dan. rand, a border, “Lis better to be lowly born, - A row or line, applied to troops; a line
edge, margin, brink; from shooting out, And range with humble livers in content— of men standing abreast or side by side,
extending. ] Shak.
and as opposed to file, a line running the
A border; edge ;margin; as the rand of a [In this sense, rank is now used.] length of a company, battalion or regi-
shoe. 3. To lie in a particular direction. ment. Keep your ranks; dress your
Which way thy forests range— Dryden.
RAN’DOM, n. [Norm. Sax. randun ; Fr. ranks.
randonnée, a rapid course of water; ran-
We say, the front of a house ranges
with the line of the street. Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds
don, a gushing. | In ranks and squadrons and right form of
1. A roving motion or course without di-
4. To sail or pass near or in the direction of; war. Shak.
as, to range along the coast.
rection ; hence, want of direction, rule or 2. Ranks, in the plural, the order of com-
method ; hazard; chance; used in the
RANGE, n. [Fr. rangée. See Rank.) A mon soldiers; as, to reduce an officer to
row; arank; things in a line; as a range the ranks.
phrase, at random, that is, without a settled
of buildings ; a range of mountains ; ran-
point of direction ; at hazard. 3. Arow; aline of things, or things in a
2. Course ; motion; progression ; distance
ges of colors. Newton. line; as a rank of osiers. Shak.
ofa body thrown ; as the furthest random 2. A The
class ; an order.
next range of beings above him are the
4, Degree; grade; in military affairs; as
of a missile weapon. Digby. immaterial intelligences— Hale. the rank of captain, colonel or general;
RANDOM, a. Done at hazard or without 3. A wandering or roving ; excursion. the rank ofvice-admiral.
settled aim or purpose ; left to chance ; as He may take a range all the world over. 5. Degree of elevation in civil life or station ;,
a random blow. South. the order of elevation or of subordination.
2. Uttered or done without previous calcula- 4, Space or room for excursion. We say, all ranks and orders of men;
tion; as a random guess. A man has not enough range of thought— every man’s dress and behavior should
RAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed | Addison. correspond with his rank; the highest
to a point, ora shot with the muzzle of 5. Compass or extent of excursion ; space and the lowest ranks of men or of other
the gun elevated above a horizontal line. taken in by any thing extended or rank- intelligent beings.
Mar. Dict. ed in order; as the range of Newton’s 6. Class ; order ; division ; any portion or
RAN'DY, a. Disorderly ; riotous. [Vot thought. No philosopher has embraced a number of things to which place, degree
used or local.} Grose. wider range. or order isassigned. Profligate men, by
 RAN Ri
A N RAN
their vices, sometimes degrade themselves||3. To have a certain grade or degree of ele- one to liberty and the other to the original
to the rank of brutes. vation in the orders of civil or military owner.
7. Degree of dignity, eminence or excel- life. He ranks with a major. He ranks By his captivity in Austria, and the heavy
lence ;as a writer of the first rank; a with the first class of poets. He ranks ransom he paid for his liberty, Richard was hin-
lawyer of high rank. high in public estimation. dered from pursuing the conquest of Ireland.
These are all virtues of a meaner rank. — RANK’ED, pp. Placed in a line; disposed Davies.
Addison. in an order or class; arranged methodi- 2. Release from captivity, bondage or the
8. Dignity; high place or degree in the or- cally. possession of an enemy. They were una-
ders of men; as aman ofrank. \ RANK’‘ER, xn. One that disposes in ranks ; ble to procure the ransom of the prison-
Rank and file, the order of common soldiers. one that arranges. ers.
Ten officers and three hundred rank and RANK’ING, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines; 3. In law,a sum paid for the pardon of some
file fell in the action. arranging ; disposing in orders or classes; great offense and the discharge of the of-
To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, having a certain rank or grade. fender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal
or a competent number. RANK’LE, »v. i. [from rank.} To grow punishment. Enecyc. Blackstone.
To take rank, to enjoy precedence. or to more rank or strong; to be inflamed; to 4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forteited
have the right of taking a higher place. fester ; as a rankling wound. life, or for delivery or release from capital
In G. Britain, the king’s sons take rank o punishment.
A malady that burns and rankles inward.
all the other nobles. Rowe. Then he shall give for the ransom ofhis life,
RANK, a. [Sax. ranc, proud, haughty ; Sp. whatever is laidupon him. Ex. xxi.
2. To become more violent; to be inflamed ;
It. rancio; L. rancidus, from ranceo, to
to rage; as rankling malice; rankling en- 5. The price paid for procuring the pardon
smell strong. The primary sense of the of sins and the redemption of the sinner
vy. Jealousy rankles in the breast.
root is to advance, to shoot forward, to from punishment.
RANK’LY, adv. With vigorous growth; as,
grow luxuriantly, whence the sense of Deliver him from going down to the pit; |
grass or weeds grow rankly.
strong, vigorous ;W. rhac, rhag, before ; 2. Coarsely ; grossly. Shak. have found a ransom. Job xxxiii.
rhacu, rhaciaw, to advance, to put forward. The Son of man came—to give his life a ran-
This word belongs probably to the same
RANK'NESS, n. Vigorous growth; luxu- som for many. Matt. xx. Mark x.
riance; exuberance ; as the rankness of
family as the preceding. } plants or herbage. RAN’SOM, v. t. [Sw. ransonera ; Dan.
1. Luxuriant in growth; being of vigorous ranzonerer ; Fr. ranconner ; Arm. ranc-
2. Exuberance ; excess ; extravagance ; as
growth; asrank grass; rank weeds.
the rankness of pride; the rankness ofjoy.|| zound. |
Seven ears came up upon one stalk, rank and}
good. Gen, xli.
Shak. 1. To redeem from captivity or punishment
3. Extraordinary strength. by paying an equivalent; applied to per-
9
~ Causing vigorous growth ; producing lux- sons ; as, to ransom prisoners from an en-
The crane’s pride is in the rankness of her
uriantly ; very rich and fertile ; as, land is wing. L Estrange. emy.
rank. Mortimer. 2. To redeem from the possession of an en-
4. Strong taste ; as the rankness of flesh or emy by paying a price deemed equivalent ;
Strong scented ; as rank smelling rue. fish.
Spenser. applied to goods or property.
5. Rancidness ; rank smell; as the rankness 3. i Scripture, to redeem from the bondage
Rancid ; musty ; as oil of a rank smell. of oil.
Inflamed with venereal appetite. Shak. of sin, and from the punishment to which
6. Excessiveness ; as the rankness of acom- sinners are subjected by the divine law.
Strong to the taste; high tasted. position or modus. Blackstone.
Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on RAN’NY, n. The shrew-mouse. Brown.
The ransomed of the Lord shall return. Is.
which they feed. Boyle. RAN‘SACK, v.¢. [Dan. randsager; Sw.
XXXV.

7. Rampant; high grown ; raised to a high ransaka ; Gaelic, ransuchadh. Rand, in 4. To rescue ; to deliver. Hos. xiii.
degree; excessive; as rank pride; rank Danish, is edge, margin, Eng. rand, and RAN’SOMED, pp. Redeemed or rescued
idolatry. ranis rapine. The last syllable coincides from captivity, bondage or punishment by
I do forgive with the English verb to sack, to pillage, the payment of an equivalent.
Thy rankest faults. Shak. and in Spanish, this verb which is written RAN’SOMER, n. One that redeems.
8. Gross; coarse. Shak. saquear, signifies to ransack.] RAN'SOMING, ppr. Redeeming from
9. Strong; clinching. Take rank hold. . To plunder; to pillage completely ; to captivity, bondage or punishment by giv-
Hence, strip by plundering; as, to ransack a house ing satisfaction to the possessor; rescu-
10. Excessive ;exceeding the actual value ; or city. Dryden. ing; liberating.
as a rank modus in law. Blackstone. RAN’SOMLESS, a. Free from ransom.
Their vow is made to ransack Troy. Shak.
To set rank, as the iron of a plane, to set Shak.
. To search thoroughly ; to enter and search oe
it so as to take off a thick shaving. every place or part. Itseems often to con- RANT, v. 7%. [Heb. Ch. p35, Ar. ae ranna,
Moxon. vey the sense of opening doors and par-
RANK, v. t. To place abreast or in a line. cels, and turning over things in search; to cry out, to shout, to sound, groan, mur-
Milton. as, to ransack files of papers. mur; W. rhonta, to frisk, to gambol, a
2. To place in a particular class, order or I ransack the several caverns. Woodward. sense of the Hebrew also.]
division. 3. To violate; to ravish; to deflour; as To rave in violent, high sounding or extrava-
Poets were ranked in the class of philoso- ransacked chastity. [Not in use.] gant language, without correspondent dig-
phers. Broome. Spenser. nity of thought ; to be noisy and boister-
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witch- RAN’/SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; searched ous in words or declamation; asa ranting
craft. Decay of Piety. narrowly. preacher.
3. To dispose methodically ; to place in suit- RAN/SACKING, ppr. Pillaging ; search-|! Look where my ranting host of the garter
able order. comes. Shak.
ing narrowly.
Who now shall rear you to the sun, or rank
your tribes ? Milton. RAN‘SOM, n. [Dan. ranzon; Sw. ranson; RANT, n. High sounding language with-
Ranking all things under general and spectal G. ranzion ; Norm. raancon ; Fr. rancon ; out dignity of thought ; boisterous, empty
heads. Watts. Arm. ranczon. In French, the word im- declamation ; as the rant of fanatics.
RANK, v.%. To be ranged; to be set or plies not only redemption, but exaction ;| This is stoical rant, without any foundation
disposed; as in a particular degree, class, but I know not the component parts of the in the nature of man, or reason of things.
order or division. word. Qu. G. siihne, atonement. ] Atterbury.
Let that one article rank with the rest. . The money or price paid for the redemp- RANT'ER, n. A noisy talker; a boisterous
Shak. tion of a prisoner or slave, or for goods preacher.
2. To be placed in a rank or ranks. captured by an enemy ; that which pro- |RAN'T’ING, ppr. Uttering high sounding

!
Go, rank in tribes, and quit the savage wood. cures the release of a prisoner or captive, words without solid sense; declaiming or
Tate. or of captured property, and restores the preaching with boisterous empty words,
 RAP RAP RAR
RANTIPOLE, a. [from rant.] Wild; ro- RAPA/CIOUSLY, adv. By rapine ; by vio- RAP/IDNESS, n. Swiftness; speed; celer-
ving; rakish. [.4 low word.] Congreve. lent robbery or seizure. ity; rapidity.
RANT IPOLE, v. i. To run about wildly. RAPA/CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of be- RAP’IDS, n. plu. The part ofa river where
[ Low. | Arbuthnot. ing rapacious; disposition to plunder or the current moves with more celerity than
RANT’ISM, n. The practice or tenets of to exact by oppression. the common current. Rapids imply a
ranters. Bp. Rust. RAPACITY, n. (Fr. rapacité; L. rapacitas, considerable descent of the earth, but not
RANT’Y, a. Wild; noisy; boisterous. from rapax, rapro.| sufficient to occasion a fall of the water,
RAN'ULA, n. [L. rana, a frog; dim. a little 1. Addictedness to plunder; the exercise o or what is called a cascade or cataract.
frog.] plunder ; the act or practice of seizing by RA/PIER, n. [Fr. rapiere ; Ir. rotpetr ; from
A swelling under the tongue, similar to the force ; as the rapacity of a conquering ar- thrusting, driving, or quick motion.) A
encysted tumors in different parts of the my; the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity small sword used only in thrusting.
body. Coxe. of a Turkish pashaw ; the rapacity of ex- Shak. Pope.
RANUN’€ULUS, n. [L. from rana, a frog.| tortiouers. RA/PIER-FISH, x. The sword-fish.
In botany, crowfoot, a genus of plants of ma- 2. Ravenousness; as the rapacity of ani- Grew.
ny species, some of them beautiful flower- mals. RAP‘IL, Pulverized volcanic sub-
ing plants, particularly the Asiatic, or 3. The act or practice of extorting or exaet- RAPIL’/LO, * stances.
Turkey and Persian ranunculus, which is ing by oppressive injustice. RAP’INE, n. (Fr. from L. rapina ; rapio, to
diversified with many rich colors. RAPE, n. [L. rapio, raptus ; It. ratto ; Fr. seize.}
Encyc. rapt; W. rhaib, a snatching ; rheibiaw, to 1. The act of plundering ;the seizing and
RAP, v. i. [Sax. hrepan, hreppan, to touch ; snatch. See Rap.] carrying away of things by force.
repan, to touch, to seize, L. rao ; Sw. 1. In a general sense, a seizing by violence ; 2. Violence ; force. Milton.
rappa; Dan. rapper, to snatch away, and also, a seizing and carrying away by RAP‘INE, v. t. To plunder. Buck.
rapper sig, to hasten; rap, a stroke, Sw. force, as females. Mitford. RAPPAREE’, n. A wild Irish plunderer;
rapp ; Fv. frapper, to strike. The prima- 2. In law, the carnal knowledge of awoman so called from rapery, a half pike that he
ry sense of the root is to rush, to drive forcibly and against her will. Blackstone. carries. Todd.
forward, to fall on, hence both to strike 3. Privation ; the act of seizing or taking RAPPEE’, n. A coarse kind of snuff.
and to seize. That the sense is to drive or away. Chapman. RAP’PER, n. [from rap.] One that raps
rush forward, is evident from L. rapidus, And ruin’d orphans of thy rapes complain. or knocks.
rapid, from rapio. See Class Rb. No. 26. Sandys. 2. The knocker of a door. [Not in common
27. 28. 29.] 4, Something taken or seized and carried use.|
To strike with a quick sharp blow ; to away. 3. An oath or alie. [Mot in use.} Parker.
knock ; as, to rap on the door. Where now are all my hopes? oh, never more RAP’PORT, n. [Fr. from re and porter, to
RAP, v. t. To strike with a quick blow; to Shall they revive, nor death her rapes restore. bear.] Relation ; proportion. [/Vot in
knock. Sandys. use. | Temple.
5. Fruit plucked from the cluster. Ray. RAPT, pp. [from rap.| Transported ; ray-
With one great peal they rap the door.
Prior. 6. A division of a county ip Sussex, in Eng- ished.
land; or an intermediate division between RAPT, v. t. To transport or ravish. [Not
To rap out, to utter with sudden violence; a hundred and a shire, and containing legitimate or in use.] Chapman.
as, to rap out an oath. Addison. [Sax. three or four hundreds. Blackstone. RAPT, n. An ecstasy; atrance. Morton.
hreopan, to cry out, that is, to drive out RAPE, n. [Ir. raib; L. rapa, rapum; Gy.
2. Rapidity. [Not in use.]
the voice. This is probably of the same pantus; D. raap; G. ritbe; Sw. rofva.] RAP’TER, tn, LL raptor.] A ravisher ;a
family as the preceding word. In the A plant of the genus Brassica, called also RAP’/TOR, § plunderer. Drayton.
popular language of the U. States, it is cole-rape and cole-seed, and of which the RAP/TURE, n. [L. raptus, rapio.]_ A seiz-
often pronounced rip, to rip out an oath; navew or French turnip is a variety. ing by violence. [Lattle used.]| Chapman.
L. crepo, Fr. crever.] fee. Ed. Encyc. 2. Transport; ecstasy ; violence of a pleas-
RAP, v. t. To seize and bear away, as the The broom-rape is of the genus Orobanche. ing passion; extreme joy or pleasure.
mind or thoughts; to transport out of RA‘PEROOT. [See Rape.]
one’s self ; to affect with ecstasy or rap- RA/PESEED, Music when thus applied, raises in the mind
n. The seed of the rape, of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens
ture ; as rapt into admiration. from which oil is expressed. devotion and advances praise into rapture.
I’m rapt with joy to see my Marcia’s tears.
Addison. RAPID, a. [L. rapidus, from rapio, the pri- Spectator.
Rapt into future times the bard begun. mary sense of which is to rush.] 3. Rapidity with violence ; a hurrying along
Pope. 1. Very swift or quick ;moving with celeri- with velocity; as rolling with torrent rap-
2. To snatch or hurry away. ty; as a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a ture. Milton.
And rapt with whirling wheels. Spenser. rapid motion. 4, Enthusiasm ;uncommon heat of imagin-
Rapt in a chariot drawn by fiery steeds. Part shun the goal with rapid wheels. ation.
Milton. Milton. You grow correct, that once with rapiure
3. To seize by violence. Drayton. 2. Advancing with haste or speed ; speedy writ. Pope.
4. To exchange ; to truck. {Low and not in progression ; as rapid growth ; rapid RAP’/TURED, a. Ravished ; transported.
used.| improvement. Thomson.
To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip; 3. Of quick utterance of words ; as a rapid {But enraptured is generally used.]
to tallon and plunder; to suateh by vio- speaker. RAP’TURIST, n. An enthusiast.
lence. They brought off all they could RAPIDITY, n. [L. rapiditas ;Fr. rapidite, Spenser.
rap and rend. [See Rend.] supra. | RAP’TUROUS, a. Eestatic ;transporting;
RAP, n. A quick smart blow ; as a rap on 1. Swiftness; celerity ; velocity ;as the ra- ravishing ; as rapturous joy, pleasure or
the knuckles. pidity of a current; the rapidity of motion delight. Collier.
RAPA‘CIOUS, a. [L. rapax, from rapio, to of any kind. RARE, a. [L. rarus, thin; Sp. Port. It.
seize. See Rap.] 2. Haste in utterance; as the rapidity of raro; Fr. rare; D.raar ; G. Dan. rar.]
1, Given to plunder; disposed or accustom- speech or pronunciation. 1. Uncommon ; not frequent ; as a rare
ed to seize by violence; seizing by force; 3. Quickness of progression or advance ; as event ; a rare phenomenon.
as a rapacwus enemy. rapidity of growth or improvement. 2. Unusually excellent; valuable to a de-
Well may thy lord, appeas’d, RAPIDLY, adv. With great speed, celeri- gree seldom found.
Redeem thee quite from death’s rapacious ity or velocity ;swiftly ; with quick pro- Rare work, all fill’d with terror and delight.
claim. Milton. gression ; as, to run rapidly; to grow or Cowley.
© Accustomed to seize for food ; subsisting improve rapidly. Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.
on prey or animals seized by violence ; as 2. With quick utterance; as, to speak rap- Dryden.
a rapacious tiger ; a rapacious fowl. idly. 4. 'Thinly scattered.
 RAS RAS R AT
Those rare and solitary, these in flocks— 2. Mean trickishness or dishonesty ; base danger ;applied to persons. The failure ot
Milton. fraud. [This is its sense in present usage!
4. Thin ; porous; not dense; as a rare and
enterprises is often owing to rashness.
in America. | We offend by rashness, which is an affirming
attenuate substance. } RAS‘€ALLY, a. Meanly trickish or dis- or denying betore we have sufficiently informed
Water is nineteen times lighter and by conse- honest ; vile. ourselves. South.
quence nineteen times rarer than gold. 2. Mean; vile; base; worthless; as a ras-| 2. The quality of being uttered or done
Newton,
5. [Sax. hrere.] Nearly raw ; imperfectly cally porter. Swirl. without due deliberation; as the rashness
sasz. [Fr. raser; Sp. Port. rasar;} of words or of undertakings.
roasted or boiled ; as rare beef or mutton ; RASH, v.t.
It. rasare and raschiare ; Arm.raza; L.ra-| RASP, n. (Sw. D. rasp; G. raspel; Dan.
eggs roasted rare. Dryden.
sus, rado. With these words accord the raspe ;Fr. rape, for raspe; It. Sp. raspa.
RA/REESHOW, nx. [rare and show.] A
W. rhathu, to rub off, rhathell, a rasp, See e.]
show carried in a box. Pope.
RAREFA€’‘TION, x. (Fr. See Rarefy.) Eth. 2OMT to rub or wipe. See the 1. A large rough file; a grater.
The act or process of expanding or distend- verb to row, which is radically the same 2. A raspberry, which see. Bacon.
ing bodies, by separating the parts and word. Ifg in grate is a prefix, the word R‘ASP, v. t. [D. raspen ; Dan. rasper ; Sw.
rendering the bodies more rare or porous, is formed on the same radix. Class Rd. raspa ; It. raspare; Sp. raspar; Fr. raper ;
by which operation they appear under a No. 10. 13. 17. 25. 35. 38. 42. 56. 58. 61. 62. W. rhathell, in a different dialect. See
larger bulk, or require more room, with- 64. 81.) Rase.|
out an accession of new matter; opposed 1. To pass along the surface of a thing, To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate
to condensation ; as the rarefaction of air. with striking or rubbing it at the same with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to
Encye. time ; to graze. make it smooth ; to rasp bones to powder.
RAR’EFIABLE, a. Capable of being rare- Might not the bullet which rased his cheek, Wiseman. Moxon.
fied. have gone into his head? Obs. South. R‘ASPATORY, n. A surgeon’s rasp.
RAR'EFY, v. t. [Fr. rarefier ;L. rarefacio;2. To erase; to seratch or rub out; or to Wiseman.
rarus, rare, and facio, to make.] blot out; to cancel. Milton. R‘ASPBERRY, n. [from rasp, so named
To make thin and porous or less dense; to [In this sense, erase is generally used.] from the roughness of the brambles; G.
expand or enlarge a body without adding 3. To level with the ground ; to overthrow; kralzbeere, from kratzen, to scratch.]
to it any new portion of its own matter ; to destroy ; as, to rase a city. Milton. The fruit of a bramble or species of rubus;
opposed to condense. Encyc. Thomson. [In this sense, raze is generally used. a berry growing on a prickly plant; as
RAR'EPY, v. i. To become thin and porous. i This orthography, rase, may therefore be the black raspberry ; the red and the white
Dryden.\, considered as nearly obsolete ; graze, raspberry.
RAR’EFYING, ppr. Making thin or less |_ erase and raze having superseded it.| R‘ASPBERRY-BUSH, xn. The bramble
dense. |RASE, n. A cancel; erasure. [.Vot in use.] producing raspberries.
RA/RELY, adv. Seldom; not often; as 12. A slight wound. [.Vol in use.| RA/SURE, x. s as z. [L. rasura, from rado,
things rarely seen. RASH, a. [D. G. rasch, quick; Sw. Dan. rasus. See Rase.|
2. Finely ; nicely. [Little used.] Shak.) rask, id.; Sax. hrad, hred, hreth, quick, 1. The act of scraping or shaving; the act
RA/RENESS, n. The state of being uncom- hasty, ready, and hres, res, impetus, force, of erasing.
mon; uncommonness ; infrequency. and hreosan, reosan, resan, to rush. See 2. The mark by which a letter, word or any
And let the rareness the small gift commend. Ready and Rush. The sense is advane- part of a writing is erased, effaced or ob-
Dryden.) | ing, pushing forward. Class Rd. No. 5. 9.) literated ; an erasure. Ayliffe.
2. Value arising from scarcity. Bacon. - Hasty in council or action; precipitate ;RAT, n. (Sax. ret; D. rat; G. ratze; Fr.
3. Thinness ; tenuity ; as the rareness of air| resolving or entering on a project or rat; Arm. raz; Sp. rato; Port. id. a rat,
or vapor. || measure without due deliberation and and ratos, sharp stones in the sea that
4. Distance from each other; thinness. | caution, and thus encountering unneces- wear cables; probably named from gnaw-
Johnson.! sary hazard ; applied to persons ; asa rash ing, and from the root of L. rodo.]
RA/RERIPE, a. [Sax. areran, to excite, to! statesman or minister; a rash command- jA small quadruped of the genus Mus, which
hasten. | er. infests houses, stores and ships ; a trouble-
Early ripe ; ripe before others, or before the) 9~ Uttered or undertaken with too much| some race of animals.
usual season. | haste or too little reflection; as rash |T'o smell a rat, to be suspicious, to be on the
RA/RERIPE, x. An early fruit, particular-, words; rash measures. watch from suspicion; as a cat by the
1] a re %
ly a kind of peach which ripens early. 3. Requiring haste; urgent. jo Scention voise ol mrat:
RARITY, n. (Fr. rareté ;L. raritas.] Un- I have scarce leisure to salute you, RA’TABLE, a. [from raie.] That may be
commonness ; infrequency. My matter is so rash. Shak. |} rated, or set at a certain value; as a Dan-
Far from being fond ofa flower for its rarity—| 4. Quick ; sudden; as rash gunpowder.) ish ore ratable at two marks.
Spectator|| [.Vot in use.] Camden.
2. A thing valued for its scarcity. RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with! 2. Liable or subjected by law to taxation;
Isaw three rarities of different kinds, which handling. [Zocal.] Grose. as ratable estate. Stat. of Conn.
pleased me more than any other shows in the /RASH, n. [It. rascia.] Satin. RA/TABLY, adv. By rate or proportion ;
place. Addison. 2. An eruption or efflorescence on the body. proportionally. ; Raleigh.
3. Thinness; tenuity; opposed to density ; (In Italian, raschia is the itch.] |RATAFIA, n. ratafee!. [Sp.] A fine. spirit-
as the rarity of air. Digby. RASH, v.t. [It. raschiare, to scrape or'| uous liquor, prepared from the kernels of
RAS’€AL, n. [Sax.id. This word is said grate ; W. rhasg, rhasgyl, rhasgliaw 31 | several kinds of fruits, particularly of
to signify a lean beast.] from the root of rase, graze.] To slice;| cherries, apricots and peachies.
A mean fellow; a scoundrel; in modern | to cut into pieces; to divide. Spenser.
usage, a trickish dishonest fellow; a RASH'ER, xn. A thin slice of bacon; a thin RATAN’, n. [Malay, rotan ; Java, roltang. |
Sp. Dict. Encye.
rogue; particularly applied to men and cut. Shak. A small cane, the growth of India.
boys guilty of the lesser crimes, and indi- RASH'‘LY, adv. With precipitation ; hasti- |RAT’-CATCHER, x. One who makes it
cating less enormity or guilt than villain. ly ; without due deliberation. his business to catch rats.
I have sense to serve my turn in store,
He that doth any thing rashly, must do it RATCH, x. In clock work, a sort of wheel
And he’s a rascal who pretends to more.
willingly. LP’Estrange. having twelve fangs, which serve to lift
Dryden. So rashly brave, to dare the sword of The-
RAS’CAL, a. Lean; as a rascal deer. the detents every hour and thereby cause
seus. Smith. the clock to strike. Encye.
2. Mean; low. Spenser. RASH'NESS, x. Too much haste in re-
RASCAL/ION, n. [from rascal.] A low RATCH’ET, n. In a watch, a small tooth at
solving or in undertaking a measure; pre- the bottom of the fusee or barrel, which
mean wretch. Hudibras. cipitation ; inconsiderate readiness or
RASCAL/ITY, n. The low mean people. stops it in winding up. Encyc.
promptness to decide or act, implying dis- RATCH'IL, n. Among miners, fragments
South. regard of consequences or contempt of) of stone, Kirwan.
 RAT R A T R A T
RATE, n. (Norm. rate; L. ratus, reor, con- RATH, n. [fr. rath, a hill, mount or for- RAT'IFIER, n. He or that which ratifies
tracted from retor, redor or resor. See tress.] A hill. Obs. Spenser. | or sanctions.
Ratio and Reason.]| RATH, a. [Sax. rath, rethe, hreth, hrathe, RATIFY, v. t. [Fr. ratifier ;L. ratum facio,
1. The proportion or standard by which hred or hrad, quick, hasty; Lr. ratham, to to make firm.] Te confirm ; to establish ;
quantity or value is adjusted; as silver grow or be prosperous; from the same to settle.
valued at the rate of six shillings and root as ready and rash, from the sense o We have ratified to them the borders of Ju-
eight pence the ounce. shooting forward. See Ready.} dea. 1 Macc.
The rate and standard of wit was different Early ;coming before others, or before the 2. To approve and sanction; to make valid;
then from what it is in these days. South. usual time. as, to ratify an agreement or treaty.
2. Price or amount stated or fixed on any Bring the rath primrose, that forsaken dies. RAT/IFVING, ppr. Confirming ; establish-
thing. A king may purchase territory at Milton. ing ; approving and sanctioning.
too dear a rate. The rate of interest is We sometimes see the word rath-ripe, RA/‘TING, ppr. [from rate.] Setting ata cer-
prescribed by law. early ripe, Sax. red-ripe; but it is obso- tain value; assigning rank to; estimating.
3. Settled allowance ; as a daily rate of pro- lete or nearly so. In the United States, 2. Chiding ; reproving.
visions. 2 Kings xxv. I believe it is not used at all. RA/TIO, n. ra‘sho. [L. from ratus, reor, to
4. Degree; comparative highth or value. RATHER, adv. (Sax. rathor, hrathor ; comp. think or suppose, to set, confirm or estab-
Tam a spirit of no common rate. Shak. of rath, quick, prompt, hasty, ready. So lish. Reor is contracted from redor or re-
In this did his holiness and godliness appear we use sooner in an equivalent sense. I tor, and primarily signifies to throw, to
above the rate and pitch of other men’s, in that would rather go, or sooner go. The use thrust, hence to speak, to set in the mind,
he was so infinitely merciful. Calamy. is taken from pushing or moving forward. to think, like L. suppono; and _ setting
5. Degree in which any thing is done. The So the Italians use anzi, [L. ante, before.] gives the sense ofa fixed rate or rule. See
ship sails at the rate of seven knots an “Ma egli disse, anzi, beati coloro ch’odo- Reason.]
hour. no la parola di Dio, e Posservano.” But Proportion, or the relation of homogeneous
Many of the horse could not march at that he said, yea rather, happy are they that things which determines the quantity of
rate, nor come up soon enough. Clarendon. hear the word of God and keep it. Luke one from the quantity of another, without
6. Degree of value; price. Wheat in Eng- xi.] the intervention of a third. Encyc.
land is often sold at the rate of fifty shil- 1. More readily or willingly; with better The relation which one quantity has
lings the quarter. Wit may be purchased liking ; with preference or choice. to another of the same kind, as expres-
at too dear a rate. My soul chooseth strangling and death rath- sed by the quotient of the one divided
7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on er than life. Job vii. by the other. Thus the ratio of 4 to 2 is
Light is come into the world, and men loved
property for public use, according to its 4, or 2; and the ratio of5 to 6 is 2.
darkness rather than light, because their deeds
income or value; as parish rates; town were evil. John iii. Ps. Ixxxiv. This is geometrical ratio, which is that
rates; highway rates. ~ In preference ; preferably ; with better signified when the term is used without
8. In the navy, the order or class of a ship, reason. Good is rather to be chosen than distinction ; but arithmetical ratio is the
according to its magnitude or force. Ships evil. See Acts v. difference between two quantities. Thus
of the first rate mount a hundred guns or 3. In a greater degree than otherwise. the arithmetical ratio of 2 to 6 is 4,
upwards; those of the second rate carry He sought throughout the world, but scught Ratio respects magnitudes of the same kind
from 90 to 98 guns; those of the third In vain, only. One line may be compared with
rate carry from 64 to 80 guns; those of| And no where finding, rather fear’d her slain. another line, but a line cannot be compar-
the fourth rate from 50 to 60 guns ; those Dryden. ed with a superficies, and hence between a
of the fifth rate from 32 to 44 guns; those 4. More properly; more correctly speaking. line and a superficies there ean be no ratio.
of the sixth rate from 20 to 30 guns. Those This is an art Encyc.
of the two latter rates are called frigates. Which does mend nature, change it rather; RA’/TIOCINATE, v. i. [L. ratiocinor, from
Mar. Dict. but ratio, reason.| To reason; to argue.
RATE, v. t. To set a certain value on; to The art itselfisnature. Shak. {Little used.]
value ata certain price or degree of excel- 5. Noting some degree of contrariety in RATIOCINA’'TION, n. [L. ratiocinatio.]
lence. fact. The act or process of reasoning, or of de-
She was nothing better, but rather grew ducing consequences from premises. [See
You seem not high enough your joys to rate. worse. Mark vy. Matt. xxvii.
Dryden. The rather, especially ; for better reason ; for Reasoning. | Brown. South.
Instead of rating the man by his perform- particular cause. RATIOC'INATIVE, a. Argumentative ;
ances, we too frequently rate the performance You are come to me in a happy time, consisting in the comparison of proposi-
by the man. Rambler. The rather for 1 have some sport in hand. tions or facts, and the deduction of infer-
2. To fix the magnitude, force or order, as Shak. ences from the comparison ; as a ratiocina-
ofships. A ship is rated in the first class, Had rather, is supposed to be a corruption tive process. [4 bad word and little used.}
or as a ship of the line. of would rather. Hale.
RATE, v. i. To be set or considered ina I had rather speak five words with my un- RA/TION, n. [Fr. from L. ratio, propor-
class, as a ship. The ship rates as a ship derstanding— 1 Cor. xiv. tion.]
of the line. This phrase may have been originally, A portion or fixed allowance of provisions,
2. To make an estimate. ‘Vd rather,” for 1 would rather, and the drink and forage, assigned to each soldier
RATE, v. t. [Sw. rata, to refuse, to find contraction afterwards mistaken for had. in an army for his daily subsistence and
fault; ryta, to roar, to huff; Ice. reita, or Correct speakers and writers generally for the subsistence of horses. Officers
G. bereden, from reden, to speak, Sax. re- use would in all such phrases; I would have several rations according to their
dan. See Read. It is probably allied to rather, \_ prefer; I desire in preference. rank or number of attendants. Seamen
rattle, and perhaps to L. rudo. See Class RATH’OFFITE, x. A mineral brought in the navy also have rations of certain
Rd. No. 71. 76. Ar.] from Sweden, of the garnet kind. Its col- articles. Encye.
To chide with vehemence ; to reprove ; to or is a dingy brownish black, and it is ac- RA‘TIONAL, a. [Fr. rationnel; It. razion-
scold ; to censure violently. companied with calearious spar and small ale; L. rationalis.]
Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy. crystals of hornblend. Phillips. 1. Having reason or the faculty of reason-
Shak. RATIFICA/TION, n. [Fr.; from ratify. ing; endowed with reason; opposed to
An old lord of the council rated me the other 1. The act ofratifying ;confirmation. irrational ; as, man is a rational being;
day in the street about you, sir. Shak. 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to brutes are not rational animals.
RA'TED, pp. Set at a certain value; esti- something done by another; as the ratifi- It is our glory and happiness to have a ration-
mated; set in a certain order or rank. cation ofa treaty by the senate of the Uni- al nature. Law.
2. Chid ; reproved. ted States. ~~ Agreeable to reason ; opposed to absurd;
RA/TER, n. One who sets a value on or RATIFIED, pp. Confirmed; sanctioned; as a rational conclusion or inference; T@~
makes an estimate. made valid. Uional conduct.
 RAE Rr AV, RAV
8. Agreeable to reason ; not extravagant. RAT’TLE, n. A rapid succession of sharp| It. rabbia, whence arrabbiare, to enrage ;
4. Acting in conformity to reason; wise ; clattering sounds; as the rattle of adrum. Fr. réver, if not a contracted word; Dan.
judicious; as a rational man. Prior. raver, to reel. See Class Rb. No. 27. 34.]
RA'TIONAL, n. A rational being. 2. A rapid succession of words sharply ut- 1. To wander in mind orintellect; to be de-
Young. tered ; loud rapid talk; clamorous chid- lirious; to talk irrationally ; to be wild.
RATIONA‘LE, n. A detail with reasons; ing. When men thus rave, we may conclude their
a series of reasons assigned; as Dr. Spar- 3. An instrument with which a clattering} brains are turned. Gov. of the Tongue.
row’s rationale of the Common Prayer. sound is made. 2. To utter furious exclamations; to be fu-
2. An account or solution of the principles The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Bra- rious or raging ; asa madman.
of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phe- silea nearly enough resemble each other. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast ?
nomenon, &¢. Encyc. Raleigh. Addison.
RA’TIONALIST, x. One who proceeds in The rhymes and rattles of the man or boy. 3. To dote; to be unreasonably fond; fol-
his disquisitions and practice wholly upon Pope. lowed by upon; as, to rave upon antiquity.
4. A plant of the genus Pedicularis, louse- [Hardly proper.] Locke.
reason. Bacon.
wort. Fam. of Plants. RAVE, xn. The upper side-piece of timber of
RATIONALI‘TY, nx. The power of reason-
Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus Rhinan- the body of a eart. New England.
ing. :
"God has made rationality the common por- thus. Ibm. RAVEL, v. t. rav'l. [D. raaffelen and rave-
tion of mankind. Gov. of the Tongue. RAT’TLE-HEADED, a. Noisy; giddy; len. See Class Rb. No. 3. 4. 34. This
2. Reasonableness. unsteady. word is used in opposite senses.]
Well directed intentions, whose rationalities RAT’/TLESNAKE, n. A snake that has 1. To entangle; to entwist together; to
will not bear a rigid examination. Brown. rattles at the tail, of the genus Crotalus. make intricate ;to involve ; to perplex.
RA’TIONALLY, adv. In consistency with The rattles consist of articulated horny What glory’s due to him that could divide
reason; reasonably. We rationally ex- cells, which the animal vibrates in such a Such ravel’d int’rests, has the knot unty’d?
pect every man will pursue his own hap- mapner as to make a rattling sound. The Waller.
piness. poison of the rattlesnake is deadly. 2. To untwist; to unweave or unknot; to
RA’TIONALNESS, n. The state of being RATTLESNAKE-ROOT, n. A plant or disentangle; as, to ravel out a twist ; to
rational or consistent with reason. root of the genus Polygala, and another of ravel out a stocking.
RAT'LIN, the genus Prenanthes.
A small line traversing Sleep, that knits up the ravel’d sleeve of
RAT’LINE, :™ the shrouds of a ship, RATTLESNAKE-WEED, n. A plant of care. Shak.
making the step ofa ladder for ascending the genus Eryngium. Fam. of Planis. 3. 'To hurry or run over in confusion. [{.Vot
to the mast-heads. Mar. Dict. RAT’TLING, ppr. Making a quick succes- in use.] Dighy.
RATOON’, n. (Sp. retono ; retonar, to sprout sion of sharp sounds. ; RAVEL, v. i. rav/l. To fall into perplexity
again.] RAT’TLING, n. A rapid succession o and confusion.
A sprout from the root of the sugar cane, sharp sounds. Nah. iii. Till by their own perplexities involv’d,
which has been cut. Edwards, W. Ind. RAU'CITY, n. [L. raucus, hoarse. Raucus They ravel more, still less resolv’d.
RATS’/BANE, n. [rat and bane.] Poison is the Eng. rough, which see.] Milton.
for rats ; arsenic. Swift. jl. Hoarseness; a loud rough sound ; as the 2. To work in perplexities ;to busy one’s
RATS’BANED, a. Poisoned by ratsbane. raucity of a trumpet. Bacon. self with intricacies ; to enter by winding
Junius. 2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the hu- and turning.
RAT’-TAIL, x. In farriery, an excrescence man voice. It will be needless to ravel far into the records
growing from the pastern to the middle of, |RAU’/€OUS, a. Hoarse; harsh. [Not in of elder times. Decay of Piety.
the shank ofa horse. Encye. use. The humor of raveling into all these mysti-
RATTEEN’, n. [Sp. ratina, ratteen, and a RAUGHT, the old participle of reach. Obs. cal or entangled matters—produced infinite dis-
musk mouse.] A thick woolen stuff quill- RAUNCH. [See Wrench.] putes. Temple.
ed or twilled. RAV/AGE, n. [Fr. from ravir, to rob or \3. To be unwoven. Spenser.
RATTINET’, n. A woolen stuff thinner spoil. L. rapio. See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. [As far as my observation extends, ravel, in
than ratteen. 26. 27.] the United States, is used only in the sec-
RAT’TLE, v. ¢. [D. ratelen, reutelen; G. - Spoil; ruin; waste; destruction by vio- ond sense above, viz. to unweave, to sep-
rasseln; Dan. rasler; Sw. rassla; Gr. lence, either by men, beasts or physical arate the texture of that which is woven
xpotew, xporaaoy, with a prefix. Qu. rate.} causes; as the ravage of a lion; the rav- or knit; so that ravel and unravel are with
§. To make a quick sharp noise rapidly re- ages of fire or tempest; the ravages of an us always synonymous. Etymology proves
peated, by the collision of bodies not very army. this to be the true sense of the word rav-
Would one think ’twere possible for love el.
sonorous. When bodies are sonorous, it
To make such ravage in a noble soul.
is called jingling. We say, the wheels lddison. RAV’ELED, pp. Twisted together; made
rattle over the pavement. 2. Waste; ruin; destruction by decay; as intricate ; disentangled.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms. the ravages of time. RAV’ELIN, n. [Fr.id.; Sp. rebellin; Port.
Addison. RAV‘AGE, v. t. [Fr. ravager.] To spoil; to rebelim ; It. ravellino.]
He fagoted his notions as they fell, plunder; to pillage ; to sack. In fortification, a detached work with two
And if they rhym’d and ratil’d, all was well. Already Cesar faces which make a salient angle, without
Dryden. Has ravag’d more than half the globe ! any flanks, and raised before the counter-
2. To speak eagerly and noisily ; to utter Addison.) searp of the place. In this it differs from
words in a clattering manner. \2. To lay waste by any violent force ; as, a a half moon, which is placed before au
Thus turbulent in rattling tone she spoke. flood or inundation ravages the meadows. angle. Encyc. Dict.
Dryden. The shatter’d forest and the ravag’d vale. RAWELING, ppr. Twisting or weaving ;
Thomson. untwisting ; disentangling.
He rattles it out against popery. Swift.
3. To waste or destroy by eating; as fields; RAVEN, n. ra'vn. [Sax. hrafn, hrefn or
RAT’TLE, v. t. To cause to make arattling ravaged by swarms of locusts. rafn; G. rabe; D. raaf. Qu. Heb. ay,
sound or a rapid succession of sharp RAV’/AGED, pp. Wasted; destroyed; pil- from its color. But this may be L. corvus.
sounds; as, to rattle a chain. Dryden. | laged. : The Saxon orthography would indicate
2. To stun with noise ; to drive with sharp jRAV/AGER, n. A plunderer; a spoiler; that this fowl is named from pilfering ;
sounds rapidly repeated. he or that which lays waste. Swift. bs reafian, to plunder, to rob, L. ra-
Sound but another, and another shall, IRAV’/AGING, ppr. Plundering; pillaging; pio.
As loud as thine, rattle the welkin’s ear. laying waste.
Shak.
A large fowl of a black color, of the genus
RAVE, v. 7. [D. revelen, to rave, Eng. to Corvus. Encyc.
3. To scold; to rail at clamorously ; as, to revel; Sp. rabiar ; Port. raivar; L. rabio, RAVEN, v. t. rav'n. [G. rauben; Dan. 76-
rattle off servants sharply. Arbuthnot. to rave, to rage or be furious; rabies, rage; ver ; Sw. roffa, rofva, to rob; Sax. reafian,
 RAV R AW RAZ
RAVISHED, pp. Snatched away by vio- RAW'HEAD, zn. The name of a specter,
hreafian. But it is more nearly allied to Ar. lence ; forced to submit to carnal embrace ; mentioned to frighten children; as raw-
we
head and bloody bones. Dryden.
raffa, to eat much, to pluck off in| delighted to ecstasy.
CS) \RAV’/ISHER, x. One that takes by violence. RAW/ISH, a. Somewhat raw; cool and
feeding. Class Rb. No. 12. See No. 18.19. Pope. damp. [Mot much used.] Marston.
34. 2. One that forces a woman to his carnal RAW'LY, adv. In araw manner.
at Te devour with great eagerness; to eat embrace. 2. Uuskillfully ;without experience.
with voracity. 3. One that transports with delight. 3. Newly. Shak.
Our natures do pursue, RAV’ISHING, ppr. Snatehing or taking by
Like rats that raven down their proper bane, violence ;compelling to submit to carnal RAW’NESS, n. The state of being raw; un-
A thirsty evil, and when we drink, we die. cooked; unaltered by heat; as the raw-
intercourse ; delighting to ecstasy.
Shak. 3) a. Delighting to rapture ; transporting. ness of flesh.
~
Like a roaring lion, ravening the prey. Ezek. RAV/ISHING, n. A seizing and carrying 2. Unskillfulness; state of being imexperi-
enced; as the rawness of seamen or troops.
XX.
2. To obtain by violence. Hakewill. away by violence. 3. Hasty manner. [JVot legitimate.) Shak.
2. Carnal knowledge by force against con-
RAVEN, v. i. rav'n. To prey with rapa- 4, Chilliness with dampness.
sent.
city.
3. Eestatic delight; transport. RAY, n. [Fr. raie, rayon; It. razzo, raggio,
omen shall raven as a wolf. Gen. xlix. radio; Sp. Port. rayo; from L. radius;
RAV/ISHINGLY, adv. To extremity of de-
RAVEN, n. rav/n. Prey; plunder; food ob- g
light. Chapman. W. rhaiz; Ir. riodh; Arm. rea, roudenn ;
tained by violence. Nah. ii. RAVISHMENT, x. The act of forcing a Sans. radina. It coincides with rod and
2, Rapine ; rapacity. Ray. woman to carnal connection; forcible vi- row, from shooting, extending. Hence in
RAV‘ENED, pp. Devoured with voracity. olation of chastity. Taylor. Dryden. W. rhaiz is a spear, as well as a ray.]
RAV’ENER, n. One that ravens or plun- 2. Rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy ; 1. A line of light, or the right line supposed
ders. Gower. pleasing violence on the mind or senses. to be described by a particle of light. A
RAV'ENING, ppr. Preying with rapacity; All things joy with ravishment collection of parallel rays constitutes a
voraciously devouring; as a ravening Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. beam; a collection of diverging cr con-
wolf. Milton. verging rays, a pencil. D. Olnsted.
RAV/ENING, n. Eagerness for plunder. 3. The act of carrying away ; abduction; as The mixed solar beam contains, Ist. cal-
Luke xi. the ravishment of children from their pa orific rays. producing heat aud expansion,
RAV/ENOUS, a. Furiously voracious ;hun- rents, of a ward from his guardian, or of but not vision and color; 2d. colorific rays,
gry even to rage; devouring with rapa- a wife from her husband. Blackstone. producing vision and color, but not beat
cious eagerness; as a ravenous wolf, lion RAW, a. (Sax. hreaw, reaw; D. raawe ; G. nor expansion ; 3d. chimical rays, produ-
or vulture. Milton. roh; Dan. raa; Sw. ri; L. crudus; Sp. cing certain effects on the composition of
9~ Eager for prey or gratification; as raven- It. crudo; Fr. cru; Arm. criz or erth bodies, but neither beat, expansion, vision
ous appetite or desire. Shak. crau, blood; cri, raw. In the Teutonic or color; 4th. a power producing magnet-
RAV/ENOUSLY, adv. With raging vora- dialects, the last radical is lost or sunk to ism, but whether a distinct or associated
city. Burnet. w or h, but the Saxon initial h represents power, is not determined. Tt seems to be
RAV’ENOUSNESS, n. Extreme voracity ; rs associated with the violet, more than with
rage for prey; as the ravenousness of a the L. c. Ar. 2,3 aradza, to eat or the other rays. Silliman.
Figuratively, a beam of intellectual light.
lion. Hale. corrode, L. redo, also to become raw. 2k
Light; luster.
RAVEN’S DUCK, n. [G. ravenstuch.] A Class Rd. No. 35.] The air sharpen’d his visual ray. Milton.
species of sail cloth. Tooke. Le Not altered from its natural state ; not 4. In botany, the outer part or circumference
RA‘VER, n. [from rave.] One that raves or roasted, boiled or cooked ; not subdued by of a compound radiate flower.
is furious. heat; as raw meat. Spenser. Martyn.
RAV/ET, n. An insect shaped like a cock- 2. Not covered with skin; bare, as flesh. . In ichthyology, a bony or cartilaginous
chaffer, which infests the West Indies. if there is quick raw flesh in the risings, it is
ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving to sup-
Encye. an old leprosy. Lev. xiii.
port the membrane.
RAVIN. [See Raven.] 3. Sore. Ainsworth.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw 6. A plant, [lolium.]
RAV/IN, a. Ravenous. [Vot in use.] Through long imprisonment. Spenser. 7 . Ray, for array. [Not in use.]
Shak Spenser. B. Jonson.
. Immature ; unripe; not concocted.
RAV'IN, [Fr. ravin, from ravir, to Johnson. Pencil of rays, a number of rays of light is-
RAVINE, :™- Snateh or tear away.] A long . Not altered by heat; not cooked or dress- suing from a point and diverging.
deep hollow worn by a stream or torrent ed; being in its natural state; as raw Encyc.
of water ; hence, any long deep hollow or RAY, xn. [Fr. raie; Sp. raya; G. roche.]
fruit.
pass through mountains, &c. A fish; a common name for the species of
6. Unseasoned ; unexperienced; unripe in
RA‘VING, ppr. or a. Furious with deliri- skill; as people while young and raw. the genus Raia, including the skate, thorn-
um; mad ; distracted. South. back, torpedo, stingray, &c.
RA‘VINGLY, adv. With furious wildness So we say, raw troops ; and new seamen RAY, v. t. To streak; to mark with long
or frenzy ; with distraction. Sidney. are called raw hands. lines. Spenser. Shak.
RAVISH, v. t. [Fr. ravir; Arm. ravicza; . New; untried; as a raw trick. Shak.|2. To foul; to beray. [Not an use.]
Sax. hreafian; W. rheibiaw; L. rapio. . Bleak; chilly; cold, or rather cold and 7 Spenser.
See Class Rb. No. 18. 19. 26. 27.] damp; as a raw day; a raw cold climate.|/3, To array. [/Vol in use.]
1. To seize and carry away by violence. Spenser.||4, To shoot forth. Thomson.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my Once upon a raw and gusty day— Shak. RA'YLESS, a. Destitute oflight ; dark ; not
chin, 9. Not distilled ; as raw water. [Not used.| illuminated. Young.
Will quicken and accuse thee. Shak. Bacon.
RAZE, n. A root. [See Race-ginger, under
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right. 10. Not spun or twisted ; as raw silk. Race.)
Dryden. 11. Not mixed or adulterated ; as raw spir-
2. To have carnal knowledge of awoman by its. RAZE, v. t. [Fr. raser; L. rasus, rado; Sp.
foree and against her consent. Is. xiil. 12. Bare of flesh. Spenser | arrasar. See Rase and Erase.]
13. Not tried or melted and strained ; as raw 1. To subvert from the foundation ; to over-
Zech. xiv.
3: To bear away with joy or delight; to de- tallow. throw; to destroy; to demolish; as, to
light to ecstasy ; to transport. 14. Not tanned ; as raw hides. raze a city to the ground.
Thou hast ravished my heart. Cant. iv. Prov. RAW’-BONED, a. Having lite flesh on the The royal hand that raz’d unhappy Troy.
- Shak. Dryden.
bones.
 REA REA REA
2. To erase; to efface; to obliterate. siring. The latter Syriac word is the He-
Razing the characters of your renown. The border shall descend, and shall reach to
brew 38 to weave ; but the primary sense the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward.
7 Shak. is to stretch or strain. This verb in Ara- Num. xxxiv.
[In this sense, vase and erase are now zs And behold, a ladder set on the earth, and
used. ]
bic zo) signifies to send forth a grateful) the top of it reached to heaven. Gen. xxviii.
3. To extirpate. , : 2. 'To penetrate.
And raze their factions and their family. Ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth to
Shak. smell, to breathe fragrance, the root of the}} heaven.
2 Chron. xxviii.
RA‘ZED, Subverted ;_ overthrown ; L. fragro. But the primary sense is the
3. To make efforts to vomit. [See Retch.]
wholly ruined ; erased ; extirpated. same, to reach, to extend, to shoot forth.
RAZEE’, n. A ship of war cut down toa Cheyne.
The same word in Ethiopic 2770 signi- To reach after, to make efforts to att ain to or
smaller size. : . fies to congeal or condense, to make stiff) obtain.
RA/‘ZING, ppr. Subverting; destroying; or rigid. ‘This is the L.rigeo, Gr. peyow, He would, be in a posture of mind, reaching
erasing ; extirpating. — ‘ after a positive idea of infinity.
and hence L.frigeo, whence frigid. This Locke.
RA/ZOR, vn. [Fr. rasoir; It. rasoio ; from sense also is from stretching or drawing, REACH, n. In a general sense, extension ; a
Fr. raser, L. rasus, rado, to scrape.] making tense or rigid. The radical sense stretching ; extent.
An instrument for shaving off beard or hair.
Razors of« boar, a boar’s tusks. of pp is the same, whence region, and the 2. The power of extending to, or of taking
by the hand, or by any instrument man.
RA‘ZORABLE, a. Fit to be shaved. [.Not Heb. y»p> the expanse of heaven or the fir- aged by the hand. 'The book is not with-
in use.| Shak. mament. The L. rogo has the same rad-| in my reach. The bottom of the sea is
RA‘/ZOR-BILL, n. An aquatic fowl, the ical sense, to reach, to urge. See Class not within the reach of a line or cable.
Alea torda ;also, the Rhynchops nigra or Rg. No. 1. 8. 15. 18. 21.]
3. Power of attainment or management, or
cut-water. Ed. Encye. To extend; to stretch; ina general sense ; the limit of power, physical or moral. He
RA’ZOR-FISH, n. A species of fish with a sometimes followed by out and forth ; as, used all the means within his reach. The
compressed body. to reach out the arm. Hence, causes of phenomena are often beyond the
RA’ZURE, n. [Fr. rasure; L. rasura, from
- To extend to; to touch by extending, ei- reach of human intellect.
rado.| ther the arm alone, or with an instrument! Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.
The act of erasing or effacin g; in the hand; as, to reach a book on the
o:
obliteration. shelf; I cannot reach the object with my 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or re-
Pope.
[See Rasure.]
RE, a prefix or inseparable particle in the | cane; the seaman reaches the bottom of search ; contrivance; scheme.
composition of words, denotes return, rep-|'
the river with a pole or a line. —Drawn by others who had deeper reaches
ev). To strike from a distance. than themselves to matters which they least in-
etition, iteration. It is contracted from
O patron power, thy present aid afford, tended. Hayward.
red, which the Latins retained in words That I may reach the beast. Dryden. 5. A fetch; an artifice to obtain an adyan-
beginning with a vowel, as in redamo, red-
To deliver with the hand by extending tage.
eo, redintegro; Ar. ¥ radda, to return,
the arm; to hand. He reached [to] me an The duke of Parma had particular reaches
orange.‘ and ends of his own underhand, to cross the
. ; design.
restore, bring back, repel, to answer. iS teaghed ize full.cup Bacon.
Class Rd. No. 1. From the Latin or the me
. To extend or stretch from a distance. eee 6. Tendency to distant consequences.
Strain not my speech
original Celtic, the Italians, Spanish and Reach hither thy tinger—reach hither thy To grosser issues, nor to larger reach
French have their re, ra, as prefixes. In hand. John xx.
Than to suspicion. Shak.
afew English words, all or most of which, To arrive at; to come to. The ship|7. Extent.
I believe, we receive from the French, it reached her port in safety. We reached
And on the left hand, hell
has lost its appropriate signification, as in New York on Thursday. The letter With long reach interpos’d. Milton.
rejoice, recommend, receive. reached me at seven o’clock. 8. Among seamen, the distance between two
REABSORB,, v. t. [re and absorb.] To draw - To attain to or arrive at, by effort, labor points on the banks
in or imbibe again what has been effused, or study; hence, to gain or obtain. Ev-
of a river, in which
extravasated or thrown off; used of flu- the current flows in a straight course.
ery artist should attempt to reach the point
ids; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, blood, of excellence. Mar. Dict.
gas, &c. 9. An effort to vomit.
The best accounts of the appearances of na- RE/ACHED,
2. To swallow up again. ture which human penetration can reach, come
pp. Stretched out; extended ;
REABSORB’ED, pp. Imbibed again. short of its reality. Cheyne.
touched by extending the arm; attained
REABSORB/ING, ppr. Reimbibing. . To penetrate to. to ; obtained.
REABSORP’TION, n. The act or process Whatever alterations are made in the body, if RE’/ACHER, n. One that reaches or ex-
they reach not the mind, there isno perception, tends; one that delivers by extending the
of imbibing what has been previously
thrown off, effused or extrava sated ; the Locke. arm.
swallowing a second time. Lavoisier. To extend to so as to include or compre- RE/ACHING, pr. Stretching out ; extend-
REAC€CESS’, n. [re and access.] A second hend in fact or principle. ing; touching by extension of the arm ;
The law reached the intention of the pro- attaining to; gaining; making efforts to
access Or approach ; a visit renewed. moters, and this act fixed the natural price of| vomit.
Hakewill. money. Locke. REACT, v. t. [re and act.] To act
or per-
REACH, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, if these examples of grown men reach not) )
form a second time; as, to react a play.
is obsolete. The verb is now regular; pp. the case of children, let them examine.
The same scenes were re acted at Rome.
reached. (Sax. racan, recan, recan Locke. |REACT’, v. ¢. To
hrecan; Goth. rakyan; Tr. righim, roi- or 10. To extend to. return an impulse or im-
pression ; to resist the action of another
chim ; Dan. rekker : D. reiken, rekken; Thy desire leads to no excess that reaches! body by an opposite force. Every elastic
G. blame. Milton.
reichen, recken; Sw. racka; Gr. opeya; body reacts on the body that impels it from
It. 11. To extend; to spread abroad.
recere, to reach, retch or vomit; L. rego, T its natural state.
to rule or govern, to make right or straight, rees reach’d too far their pampered boughs.
that is, to strain or stretch, the Milton. 2 . To act in opposition; to resist any influ-
radical] 12. To take with the hand. ence or power.
sense. The English sense of reach ap- Lest therefore now his bolder hand
pears in L. porrigo and porricio. We find ae aeper pp. Acted or performed a
Reach also of the tree of life andeat. [Un-|_ second time. ; ;
in the Shemitic languages, Ch. 335 usual.} Milton.| REAC€T/ING, ppr. Acting again ;
to hysics,
desire, to long for, Syr. 3 and al 13. To overreach ; to deceive. South,||_ resisting the impulse of anothe
REACH, v. 7. To be extended. z
to desire. This is the Greek opeya, REA€’TION, a. In physics, cour ction ;
to The new world reaches quite across the tor-||
reach, to stretch, the radical
sense of de- the resistance made by a body to the ac-
rid zone. Boyle. tion or impulse of another
Yol. I. body, which
51
 REA REA REA
endeavors to change its state, either of|\4. To learn by observation. words or letters are obscure. No smal!
motion or rest. Action and reaction are Those about her part of the business of critics is to settle
equal. Newton. Arbuthnot. From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.|| the true reading, or real words used by
2. Any action in resisting other action orl; mp, Know full Shaki iahe author ;and the various readings of
power. he ied ets mall ee Shak. different critics are often perplexing.
READ, n. [Sax. red. See the Verb.]|6. To suppose; to guess. Obs. penser 6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or
1. Counsel. [Obs.] Sternhold.||7. To advise. Obs. Shermer |pposcco se s 2 Encyc.
; : Penser.\7. Tn legislation, the formal recital of a bill
2. Saying; sentence. Obs. Spenser.|| READ, v. i. To perform the act ofreading. byt roper Ghconiber:
- So they read in the book of the law of God y tne proper, oficer, betore, fhe sheuse
READ, v. t. The preterite and_ pp. distinedl pate ee Neh. viii which is to consider it. In Congress and
read, is pronounced red. [Sax. rad, rad,|lo To he siadiones to Boe ch read-|| 1 the state legislatures, a bill must usual-
red, speech, discourse, counsel, advice, ne: 2 I ly have three several readings on different
knowledge, benefit, reason; redan, redan, Ti is/are that Fleury reads. Taylor.| days, before it can be passed into a law.
to read, to decree, to appoint, to com-|3. To Jearn by reading. READJOURNY, v. t. (re and adjourn.] To
mand, to rule or govern, to conjecture, to Kchaveircadectiantcustern king who put all adjourn a second time.
give or take counsel; aredan, to read, to judge to death for an iniquitous sentence. 2. To cite or summon again. [Not used.}
tell, to narrate ;geredan, to read, to con- Swift. Colgrave.
sult; gerad, mode, condition or state, rea-|4. To tell; to declare. [ot in use] READJUST, v. t. [re and adjust.| To set-
son, ratio or account, knowledge, instruc- Spenser.| tle again; to put in order again what had
tion or Jearning, and as an adjective or|READ, pp. red. Uttered; pronounced, as||_ been discomposed. Fielding.
participle, knowing, instructed, ready, suit-|| written words in the proper order}; as, the |READJUST’ED, pp. Adjusted again; re-
ed; gerad beon, to be ready, to accord or|| letter was read to the family. settled.
agree ; geradod, excited, quick. These|/2. Silently perused. READJUST/ING, ppr. Adjusting again.
significations unite this word with ready,|READ, a. red. Instructed or knowing by||READJUST/MENT, n. A second adjust-
which see. G. rede, speech, talk, account;|| reading; versed in books; learned. Hetl|| ment.
reden, to speak; D. rede, speech; reden,|| read is the phrase commonly used, as well| READMIS/SION, n. [re and admission.|
reason; Dan. rede, account, and ready; G.||_ read in history ; well read in the classics. The act of admitting again what had been
bereden, to berate; rath, advice, counsel, A poet well read in Longinus— Addison.|| excluded; as the readmission of fresh air
a council or senate; rathen, to advise, to} RE/ADABLE, a. That may be read; fit te|| into an exhausted receiver; the readmis-
conjecture or guess, to solve a riddle; D.|| be read. Hurd.| sion ofa student into a seminary.
yaad, counsel, advice ; raaden, to counsel ;|READEP’TION, n. [from L. re and adeptus, Arbuthnot.
Sw. rid, Dan. raad, counsel; raéda, raader,|| obtained.] READMIT’, v. t. [re and admit.| To admit
to counsel, to instruct ; W. rhaith, straight,|A regaining ; recovery of something lost.|| again.
right, that is, set right, decision, verdiet ;|| [Wot much used.] Bacon. Whose ear is ever open and his eye
rheitheg, rhetoric, from rhaith; Dan. ret,|RE/ADER, n. One that reads; any person Gracions to readmit the suppliant. Milton.
law, justice, right, reason ; Sw. ratt, rétta,|| who pronounces written words ; particu-\/READMIT’TANCE, n. A second admit-
id.; Ir. radh, a saying; radham, to say,|| larly, one whose office is to read prayers|| tance; allowance to enter again.
tell, relate ;W. adrawz, to tell or rehearse;|| in a church. READOPT,, v. t. [re and adopt.] To adopt
Gr. psa, for psf, to say or tell, to flow ;//2. By way of distinction, one that reads| again. Young.
pntwp, a speaker, a rhetorician ; Goth. rod-|| much; one studious in books. READORN’, v. t. To adorn anew; to dec-
yan, to speak. ‘The primary sense of read| RE/ADERSHIP, n. [See Read.| The office orate a second time. Blackmore.
is to speak, to utter, that is, to push, drivel) of reading prayers in a church. Swift. READV ERT’ENCY, n. [re and adveriency.}
or advance. This is also the primary|READILY, adv. red’ily. (See Ready.] Quick-|| The act of reviewing. Norris.
sense of ready, that is, prompt or advan-|| ly; promptly; easily. I readily perceive |READY, a. red’y. (Sax. red, hrad, hred,
cing, quick. The Sax. gerad, ready, ac-||_ the distinction you make. quick, brisk, prompt, ready ; gerad, pre-
cords also in elements with the W. rhdd,|2. Cheerfully ;without delay or objection; pared, ready, prudent, learned; hradian,
L. gratia, the primary sense of which is|| without reluctance. He readily granted|| gehradian, to hasten, to accelerate; ge-
prompt to favor, advancing towards, free.||_ my request. redian, to make ready ; D. reeden, to pre-
The elements of these words are the same|READINESS, n. red/iness. [from ready.]|| pare; reed, pret. of ryden, to ride; reede, a
as those of ride and L. gradior, &c. The|/l. Quickness ; promptness ;_promptitude ;|| road: bereid, ready ; bereiden, to prepare ;
sense of reason is secondary, that which is|| facility ; freedom from hinderance or ob-|| gereed, ready; G. beret, id.; bereiten,
uttered, said or set forth; hence counsel|| struction; as readiness of speech; readi-|| to prepare, and to ride; reede, a road;
also. The Sw. ratta, Dan. ret, if not con-|| ness of thought ; readiness of mind in sug- Dan. rede, ready; reder, to make the bed,
tracted words, are from the same root.|| gesting an answer ; readiness of reply. to rid; rede, an account; Sax. red, from
See Ready. Class Rd. No. 1. 3. 5. 9. 26.]|/2. Promptitude ; cheerfulness ; willingness; the root of read ; bereder, to prepare ;_ri-
1. To utter or pronounce written or printed alacrity; freedom from : reluctance
: ; as, to||: der, berider, to ride;
3 Sw. reda, to make
:
words, lettersP or characters in the Pproper grant a request or assistance with readi-|| ready, to clear or disentangle, Eng. to rid;
redo, ready ; 7 + "e-
order; to repeat the names or utter the|| 75S: . : ; edo, eis ida, to ride; bereda, to pre
ais
sounds customarily annexed to words, let- A They received. the word with all readiness of}, pare; Ir. reidh,
; * ready
° ; reidhim, to pre-
: mind. Acts xvii. pare, toagree; Gr. padios, easy ;W. rhedu
ters or characters; as, to reada written or}. t Aeationied : m : a ?
Pprinted discourse
a ’; to read the letters of" tion.
A stateThe
of troops
preparation; fitness of condi-|
are in readiness. to run.
or advance‘Theforward,
primary andsense it isto go, move,
seems to be
an alphabet; P to read figures; P to read the RE/ADING
notes of music, or to read music. » PP r. PronouncingBioeat
or perusing||8 clear
é that
é ready,y, ride, +
ride, read, i
riddle, ar all
are
written or printed words or characters of|| of one family, and probably from the root
2. To inspect and understand words or! a book or writing. of L. gradior. See Read and Red. Class
characters; to peruse silently ; as, to read 2. Discovering by marks ; understanding. Rd. No. 23.]
a paper or letter without uttering the|RE/ADING, n. The act of reading; pe-|/1. Quick; prompt; not hesitating ; as ready
words ; to read to one’s self. rusal. wit ; a ready consent.
3. To discover or understand by characters,|2. Study of books; as a man of extensivel/2. Quick to receiveorcomprehend
;not slow
marks or features; as, to read aman’s|| reading. or dull; as a ready apprehension.
thoughts in his countenance. 3. A lecture or prelection. 3. Quick in action or execution; dextrous ;
T 1 the interior structure of the globe. |/4- Public recital. _ : as an artist ready in his business ; a ready
Journ. of Science. The Jews had their weekly readings of the) writer. Ps. xlv.
An armed corse did lie, law. Hooker.) 4, Prompt ; not delayed; present in hand.
In whose dead face he read great magnanim-||9. In criticism, the manner of reading the)! He makes ready payment; he pays ready
ity. Spenser.\| manuscripts of ancient authors, where the!) money for every thing he buys.
 REA REA REA
5. Prepared; fitted ;furnished with what is exists. The L. res and Eng. thing coin-
necessary, or disposed in a manner suited self, and is not considered as a part of any
cide exactly with the Heb. 35, a word, a thing else. Encyc.
to the purpose ; as a ship ready for sea. thing, an event. See Read and Thing.} 4, In law, immobility, or the fixed, perma-
My oxen and fatlings are killed, and all things 1. Actually being or existing ;not fictitious
are ready. Matt. xxii. nent nature of property ; as chattels which
or imaginary; as a description of real lite. savor of the really. [This word is so
G6. Willing ;free; cheerful to do or suffer; The author describes a real scene
not backward or reluctant; as a prince or written in law, for reality.] Blackstone.
transaction. REALIZATION, n. [from realize.] The
always ready to grant the reasonable re- 2. True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit
quests of his subjects. ; act ofrealizing or making real. Beddoes.
or factitious; as real Madeira wine 3 real 2. ‘The act of converting money into land.
The spirit is ready, but the flesh is weak. ginger.
Mark xiv. 3. The act of believing or considering as
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to
3. True; genuine; not affected ; not assum- real.
die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. ed. The woman appears in her real 4. The act of bringing into being or act.
Acts xxi. character.
Glanville.
7. Willing ;disposed. are generally 4. Relating to things, not to persons; not|RE/ALIZE, v.t. [Sp. realizar ;Fr. realiser.}
Men
ready to impute blame to others. They personal. 1. To bring into being or act; as, to realize a
are more ready to give than to take re- Many are perfect in men’s humors, that are scheme or project.
proof. not greatly capable of the real part of business. We realize what Archimedes had only in hy-
8. Being at the point; near; not distant; [Little used or obsolete.] Bacon. pothesis, weighing a single grain of sand against
about to do or suffer. D. In law, pertaining to things fixed, perma- the globe of earth. Glanville.
A Syrian ready to perish was my father. nent or immovable, as to lands and tene- 2. To convert money into land, or personal
Deut. xxvi. Job xxix. Ps. Ixxxviii. ments ; as realestate, opposed to personal into real estate.
9, Being nearest or at hand. or movable property. Blackstone. 3. To impress on the mind as a reality ; to
A sapling pine he wrench’d from out the Real action, in law, is an action which con- believe, consider or treat as real. How
ground, cerns real property. little do men in full health realize their
The readiest weapon that his fury found. Real assets, assets consisting in real estate, frailty and mortality.
Dryden. or lands and tenements descending to an Let the sincere christian realize the closing
10. Easy; facile; opportune ; short ; near, heir, sufficient to answer the charges upon 4, sentiment. T. Scott.
or most convenient ; the Greek sense, the estate created by the ancestor. To bring home to one’s own case or expe-
padvos, |Chattels real, are such chattels as concern or rience ; to consider as one’s own; to feel
Sometimes the readiest way which a wise savor of the reality; as a term for years of| in allits force. Who, at his fire side, can
man has to conquer, is to flee. Hooker. land, wardships in chivalry, the next pre- realize the distress of shipwrecked mari-
Through the wild desert, not the readiest ners ?
way. Milton. sentation to a church, estate by statute-
merchant, elegit, &c. This allusion must have had enhanced
The ready way to be thought mad, is to con- strength and beauty to the eye of a nation ex-
tend you are not so. Spectator. Real composition, is when an agreement is tensively devoted to a pastoral life, and there-
To make ready, to prepare ; to provide and made between the owner oflands and the fore realizing all its fine scenes and the tender
put in order. parson or vicar, with consent of the ordi- emotions to which they gave birth. Dwight.
2. An elliptical phrase, for make things nary, that such lands shall be discharged 5. To bring into actual existence and pos-
ready ; to make preparations; to prepare. from payment of tithes, in consequence of| session; to render tangible or effective.
READY, adv. red/y. In a state of prepara- other land or recompense given to the He never realized much profit from his
tion, so as to need no delay. parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. trade or speculations.
We ourselves will go ready armed before the Blackstone. RE’ALIZED, pp. Brought into actual be-
house of Israel. Num. xxxii. Real presence, in the Romish church, the ac- ing; converted into real estate; impress-
READY, 2. red'y. For ready money. tual presence of the body and blood of ed, received or treated as a reality ; felt in
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion its true force; rendered actual, tangible or
to
go to law, or to clear old debts. [4 low word.] of the substance of the bread and wine in- effective.
Arbuthnot. to the real body and blood of Christ. RE/ALIZING, ppr. Bringing into actual
READY, ». ¢. we in.Touse.ae in order IREVAL being ; converting into real estate ; im-
to prepare.
REAFFIRM, >. t.ot [re rooke.|ip
and afirm.] To af. RE/ALIST, may 4 ,n. A scholasticSapiens Buinaseonee
na
pressing as areality ; feeling as one’s own
who maintains that things or in its real force ;rendering tangible or
firm a second time. and not words, are the objects of dialect- effective.
REAFFIRM’‘ANCE, n. A second confirm- ies; opposed to nominal or nominalist. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings home
ation. Ayliffe. Encyce. as a reality; as a realizing view of eter-
REA‘GENT, x. [re and agent.) In chimis- REAL, n. [Sp] A small Spanish coin of nity.
try, a substance employed to precipitate the value of forty maravedis; but its value REALLEDGE, v.¢. reallej’. [re and alledge.]
another in solution, or to detect the ingre- is different in different provinces, being To alledge again. Cotgrave.
dients of a mixture. from five or six to ten cents, or six pence RE’ALLY, adv. Withactual existence.
Bergman reckons barytic muriate to be sterling. It is sometimes written vial. Pearson.
of the most sensible reagents. one
Fourcroy. RE‘/ALGAR , n. [Fr. reagal or realgal ;Port. 2. In truth; in fact; not in appearance on-
REAGGRAVA'TION, n. [re and aggrava- rosalear, red algar.] ly; as things really evil.
zon. | ‘A combination of sulphur and arsenic ; red The anger of the people is really a short fit
In the Romish ecclesiastical law, the sulphuret of arsenic. Realgar differs from of madness. Swift.
last
monitory, published after three admoni- orpiment in having undergone a greater In this sense, it is used familiarly as a
Uons and before the last excommunication. degree of heat. Chaptal. Nicholson. slight corroboration of an opinion or dec-
Before they proceed to fulminate laration.
the last REALITY, n. [Fr. realité.] Actual being
excommunication, they publish an or existence of any thing; truth ; fact; in Why really, sixty five is somewhat old.
vation and a reaggravation. aggra-
Encyc. distinction from mere appearance. Young.
REAK, n. A rush. [Mot in use. | A man may faney he understands acritic, REALM, n. relm. ([Fr. royaume ; It. reame ;
RE‘AL, a. [Low L. realis ; It. from Fr. roi, It. re, L. rex, king, whence
reale; Sp. when in reality he does not comprehend his
real; Fr. reel; from L, res, ret,
Ir. raod,| meaning. Addison. regalis, royal.]
red, rod. Res is of the Class Rd. from
the 2. Something intrinsically
root of read, ready, from rushing, driving not 1. A royal jurisdiction or extent of govern-
important,
merely matter of show. ment; a kingdom; a king’s dominions;
or falling. Res, like thing, is primarily as the realm of England.
that which comes, falls out or happens, And to realities yield all her shows.
2. Kingly government; as the realmof bees.
corresponding with event, from L. evenio. Milton.
[Unusual.] Milton.
Fes then denotes that which actually) 3. In the schools, that may exist of itself, or RE/ALTY, n. [It. reali, from re, king, L.
which has a full and absolute being of it-| rex.|
 REA REA REA
1. Loyalty. [Not in use.] Milton. RE/APING, ppr. Cutting grain with a\jREAR-ADMIRAL. [See Admiral.]
2. Reality. [.Vot in use.) More. sickle ; receiving as the fruit of labor or RE/ARED, pp. Raised ; lifted; brought up:
3. In law, immobility. [See Reality.] the reward of works. educated ; elevated.
REAM, n. [Sax. ream, a band; D. riem;) RE/APING-HOOK, n. An instrument used RE‘/AR-GU‘ARD, n. The body of an army
Dan. rem or reem; Sw. rem; W. rhwym, in reaping ; a sickle. that marches in the rear of the main body
a bond or tie. The Dutch word signifies REAPPAR’EL, v. t. [re and apparel.] To to protect it.
a strap, thong or girdle, and an oar, L. clothe again. Donne. RE‘ARING, ppr. Raising ; educating; ele-
remus. In Fr. rame is a ream and an oar, REAPPAR’ELED, pp. Clothed again. vating.
and if the English ream and the L. remus; REAPPAR’ELING, ppr. Clothing again. REAR-LINE, n. The line in the rear of an
are the same word, the primary sense is a REAPPEAR, ». i. [re and appear.| To ap- army.
shoot, L. ramus, abranch, for the shoots of, pear a second time.
trees or shrubs were the first bands used REAPPE/ARANCE, n. A second appear- RE/AR-MOUSE, x. [Sax. hrere-mus.] The
by men. See Gird and Jrithe. The Ital- ance. lether-winged bat. Shak. Abbot.
ian has risma, and the Sp. Port. resma, a REAPPE’ARING, ppr. Appearing again. REAR-RANK, n. The rank of a body of
troops which is in the rear.
ream, G. riess. See Class Rm. No. 7. 9.] REAPPLI€A’TION, n. [See Reapply.] A
A bundle or package of paper, consisting of, second application. RE/ARWARD, n. [from rear. See Rere-
ward.|
twenty quires. Pope. REAPPLY’, v. t. or i. [re and apply.] To
1. The last troop; the rear-guard.
REANIMATE, v. t. [re and animate.] 'To apply again.
2. The end; the tail ; the train behind.
revive ; to resuscitate ; to restore to life ; REAPPLY‘ING, ppr. Applying again.
as a person dead or apparently dead ; as, REAPPOINT,, v. t. To appoint again. Shak.
3. Ther latter part. . Shak.
to reanimate a drowned person. REAPPOINT’ MENT, n. A second appoint-
REASCEND,, v. 7. [re and ascend.] To rise,
2. To revive the spirits when dull or lan- ment. mount or climb again. Milton. Spenser.
guid; to invigorate ; to infuse new life or REAPPORTION, v.¢. To apportion again. REASCEND’, v. t. To mount or ascend
courage into ; as, to reanimate dishearten-, REAPPORTIONED, pp. — Apportioned again.
ed troops ; to reanimate drowsy senses or again.
languid spirits. REAPPORTIONING, ppr. Apportioning He mounts aloft and reascends the skies.
REANIMATED, pp. Restored to life or again. Addison.
action. REAPPORTIONMENT, x. A second ap- REASCEND/ED, pp. Ascended again.
REAN/IMATING, ppr. Restoring life to ;) portionment. Madison. REASCEND/ING, ppr. Ascending again.
invigorating with new life and courage. REAR, n. [Fr. arriere ; but this is com- REASCEN’SION, n. The act of reascend-
REANIMA/TION, n. The act or operation pound; Arm. refr, rever, reor, the seat, the ing ; a remounting.
of reviving from apparent death; the act fundament; W. rhév, something thick, a REASCENTY’, n. A returning ascent; ac-
or operation of giving fresh spirits, cour- bundle ; rhevyr, the fundament. Rear is clivity. Cowper.
age or vigor. contracted from rever. Class Rb.j REASON, n. re‘zn. [Ir. reasun ;W.rheswm;
REANNEX,, v. t. [re and annex.] To an- 1. In a@ general sense, that which is behind Arm. resoun ; Fr. raison ; Sp. razon; Port.
nex again; to reunite; to annex what has or backwards; appropriately, the part of razam ; It. ragione; L. ratio; Russ. ra-
been separated. Bacon. an army which is behind the other, either zum; Goth. rathyo, an account, number,
REANNEXA’TION, n. The act of annex- when standing on parade or when march- ratio; rathyan, to number ; garathyan, to
ing again. Marshall. ing ; also, the part of a fleet which is be- number or count; rodyan, to speak; D.
REANNEX’ED, pp. Annexed or united hind the other. It is opposed to front or rede, speech ; reden, reason, argument;
again. van. Bring up the rear. redenkunst, rhetoric; G. rede, reden ;
Sax. red, reda, speech, reason ; reswian,
REANNEX'ING, ppr. Annexing again ; 2. The last class; the last in order.
Coins I place in the rear. Peacham. to reason. We find united the Sax. red,
reuniting.
speech, redan, redan, to read, the Greek
REAP, v. 2. [Sax. rip, hrippe, gerip, harvest ; Inthe rear, behind the rest ;backward, or in ps, to Say or speak, whence rhetoric, and
ripan, to reap; ripe, ripe ; rypan, to rip; the last class. In this phrase, rear signi-
fies the part or place behind. the L. ratio, which is from ratus, and
allied probably to reafian, to seize, spoil,
lay waste, L. rapio, G. reif, ripe, D. raapen, REAR, a. [Sax. hrere.] Raw; rare ; not which proves reor to be contracted from
well roasted or boiled. redo, redor, and all unite with red, L. radi-
to reap, ryp, ripe, Gr. apzty, a sickle, apraw,
us, &c. Primarily, reason is that which
to reap, L. carpo, Eng. crop. See Class 2. [Sax. areran, to hasten; hreran, to ex-
is uttered. See Read. So Gr. royos, from
Rb. No. 18. 26. 27.] cite.]| Early. [.4 provincial word.]
1. To cut grain with a sickle; as, to reap REAR, v. t. [Sax. reran, reran, areran, to reya.|

wheat or rye. erect, to excite, to hasten ; hreran, to ex- 1. That which is thought or which is alledg-
cite ;Sw. réra, to move; Dan. rérer, to ed in words, as the ground or cause of
When ye reap the harvest, thou shalt not move, stir, shake; rérig, quick, lively, opinion, conclusion or determination. fF
wholly reap the corners of thy field. Lev. have reasons which I may choose not to
xix. rising in the stomach. ]
1. To raise. disclose. Youaskme my reasons. I free-
rw). To clear of a cropby reaping; as, to reap Who now shall vear you to the sun, or rank ly give my reasons. The judge assigns
a field. Your tribes ? Milton. good reasons for his opinion, reasons which
To gather; to obtain; to receive as a re- 2. To lift after a fall. justify his decision. Hence in general,
ward, or as the fruit of labor or of works; In adoration at his feet I fell 12. The cause, ground, principle or motive
in a good or bad sense ; as, to reap a bene- Submiss ; he rear’d me. Milton. of any thing said or done; that which sup-
fit from exertions. 3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, as ports or justifies a determination, plan or
He that soweth to the flesh, sha! of the flesh young; as, to rear a numerous offspring. measure.
reap corruption. Gal. vi. Thomson. Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things ; but
Ye have plowed wickedness; ye have reap- 4. To educate ; to instruct. there is a natural and eternal reason for that
ed iniquity. Hos. x. He wants a father to protect his youth, goodness and virtue, and against vice and wick~
REAP, v.i. To perform the act or opera- And rear him up to virtue. Southern, edness. 1 Pet. iii. Tillotson.
tion of reaping. In New England, farm- 5. To exalt; to elevate. Efficient cause. He is detained by rea-
Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind, son of sickness.
ers reap in July and August.
Softens the high, and rears the abject mind. Spain is thin sown of people, partly by rea-
2. To receive the fruit of labor or works. Prior.
They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy.| 6. To rouse ; to stir up. son of its sterility of soil. Bacon.
Ps, exxvi. The reason of the motion of the balance in a
And seeks the tusky boar to rear. Dryden. wheel-watch is by motion of the next wheel.
RE/APED, pp. Cut with a sickle; received 7. To raise ; to breed ; as cattle. Harte. Hale.
as the fruit of labor or works. 8. 'To achieve ; to obtain. Spenser. 4. Final cause.
RE/APER, n. One that cuts grain with a To rear the steps, to ascend; to move 2 up- Reason, in the English language, is some-
sickle. ward, Milton.| times taken for true and clear principles ; some~
 REA REA REA
times for clear and fair deductions ;sometimes When they are clearly discovered, well di-|| This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.
for the cause, particularly the final cause. gested and well reasoned in every part, there is REASSEM’BLAGE, n. Assemblage a sec-
Locke. beauty in such a theory. Burnet. ond time.
5. A faculty of the mind by which it distin- 2. To persuade by reasoning or argument; REASSEM’/BLE, v. t. [re and assemble.]
guishes truth from falsehood, and good as, to reason one into a belief of truth; to To collect again. Milton.
from evil, and which enables the possessor reason one out ofhis plan ; to reason down REASSEM’BLE, v.7. To assemble or con-
to deduce inferences from facts or from a passion. vene again.
propositions. Encyc. RE/ASONABLE, a. Having the faculty of REASSEM’BLED, pp. Assembled again.
reason; endued with reason; as a reason- REASSEM BLING, ppr. Assembling again.
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul,
Reason’s comparing balance rules the whole— able being. {In this sense, rational is now REASSERT,, v. t. [re and assert.] To as-
That sees immediate good by present sense, generally used.] sert again; to maintain after suspension
Reason the future and the consequence. 2. Governed by reason; being under the in- or cessation.
Pope. fluence of reason; thinking, speaking or Let us hope—we may have a body of authors
Reason is the director of man’s will. acting rationally or according to the dic- who will reassert our claim to respectability
Hooker. tates of reason; as, the measure must sat- in literature. Walsh.
6. Ratiocination; the exercise of reason. isfy all reasonable men. REASSERT’ED, pp. Asserted or main-
But when by reason she the truth has found— 3. Conformable or agreeable to reason; tained anew.
Davies. REASSERT'ING, ppr. Asserting again ;
just ; rational.
7. Right; justice ;that which is dictated or By indubitable certainty, I mean that which vindicating auew.
supported by reason. Every man claims does not admit of any reasonable cause of REASSIGN, v. t. [re and assign.] To assign
to have reason on his side. doubting. _ Wilkins.|| back; to transfer back what has been as-
I was promised on a time A law may be reasonable in itself, though a signed. :
To have reason for my rhyme. Spenser. man does not allow it. Swift. REASSIM/ILATE, v. t. [re and assimilate.]
8. Reasonable claim ; justice. 4, Not immoderate. To assimilate or cause to resemble anew ;
God brings good out ofevil, and therefore it Let all things be thought upon, to change again into a like or suitable
were but reason we should trust God to govern That may with reasonable swiftness add
: 5
More feathers to our wings. Shak.
substance.
Sate 4 = _
Encyce
eancye.
his own world. Taylor.
9, Rationale ; just account. 5. Tolerable ;being in mediocrity ;mode- REASSIM'ILATED, pp. Assimilated
rate; 3 asas a reasonable quantity
E : 7 Abbot.||., t
“new ; changed again to a like substance.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, |REASSIM/ILATING, —ppr. Assimilating
why the church was called catholic. Pear- 6. Not excessive; not unjust; as a reasona- again.
son. [See No. 1. and 2.] ble fine : a reasonable sum in damages.
|REASSIMILA/TION, n. A second or re-
10. Moderation; moderate demands; claims RE/ASONABLENESS, n. The faculty of newed assimilation. Encye.
which reason and justice admit or pre- reason. [In this sense, litlle used.]
scribe. 2. Agreeableness to reason; that state or REASSU’ME, v. t. [re and assume.] To re-
sume; to take again. Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to quality of a thing which reason supports
reason, would be by the making an attempt on or justifies; as the reasonableness of our IREASSU’MED, pp. Resumed ; assumed
again.
the Spanish West indies— Addison. wishes, demands or expectations.
The reasonableness and exceliency of charity. REASSU’MING, ppr. Assuming or taking
In reason, in all reason, in justice; with ra- Law. again.
tional ground. . Conformity to rational principles. REASSUMP’TION, n. A resuming; a sec-
When any thing is proved by as good argu- The whole frame and contexture of a watch ond assumption.
ments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we carries in it a reasonableness—the passive im- REASSU’/RANCE, n. [See Sure and Assur-
ought not i reason to doubt ofits existence. pression of the reason or intellectual idea that ance.|
Tillotson. was in the artist. [Unusual.] Hale. A second assurance
against loss; or the as-
RE/ASON, v. « [Fr. raisonner; Sax. ras- 4. Moderation; as the reasonableness of a surance of property by an underwriter, to
wian.| demand. relieve himself from a risk he has taken.
1. To exercise the faculty of reason; to de- RE/ASONABLY, adv. Ina manner or de- Biackstone. Park.
duce inferences justly from premises. gree agreeable to reason; in consistency REASSURE, v.t. reusshu‘re. [re and as-
Brutes do not reason; children reason im- with reason. We may reasonably suppose sure; Fr. rassurer.]
pertectly. self interest to be the governing principle 1. To restore courage to; to free from fear
2. To argue ; to infer conclusions from of men. or terror.
premises, or to deduce new or unknown)| . Moderately ; in a moderate degree; not) They rose with fear,
propositions from previous propositicns Till dauntless Pallas reassur’d the rest.
fully ; in a degree reaching to mediocrity.
which are known or evident. To reason lf we can by industry make our deaf and Dryden.
justly is to infer from propositions which dumb persons reasonably perfect in the lan- 2. To insure a second time against loss, or
are known, admitted or evident, the con- guage—
§ Holder. rather to insure by another what one has
clusions which are natural, or which ne- RE/ASONER, n. One who reasons or ar- already insured ; to insure against loss
cessarily result from them. Men may rea- gues; as a fair reasoner; a close reasoner; that may be incurred by taking a risk.
son within themselves ; they may reason a logical reasoner. REASSU’RED, pp. Restored from fear ;
before a court or legislature ;they may RE/ASONING, ppr. Arguing ;deducing in- re-encouraged.
reason Wrong as well as right. ferences from premises; debating; dis- 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as an
3. To debate; to confer or inquire by dis- cussing. underwriter.
cussion or mutual communication of, RE/ASONING, n. The act or process of)! REASSU’RER, 2x. One who insures the
thoughts, arguments or reasons. exercising the faculty of reason: that act first underwriter.
And they reasoned among themselves. Matt. or operation of the mind by which new or [REASSU’RING, ppr. Restoring froin fear,
xvi. unknown propositions are deduced from) terror or depression of courage.
To reason with, to argue with; to endeavor previous ones which are known and evi- 2. Insuring against loss by insurance.
to inform, conyince or persuade by argu- dent, or which are admitted or supposed IRE/ASTINESS, x. Rancidness. [Vol in
ment. Reason with a profligate son, and for the sake of argument ; argumentation ;)) use or local.| Coigrave.
if possible, persuade him of his errors. ratiocination ; as fair reasoning ; false rea- RE/ASTY, a. [Qu. rusty.] Covered with a
2. To discourse ; to talk; to take or give an soning ;absurd reasoning ; strong or weak kind of rust and having a rancid taste;
account. reasoning. The reasonings of the advo- applied to dried meat. [Not tm use or local.|
Stand still, that I may reason with you before cate appeared to the court conclusive. Skelton.
the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord. RE/ASONLESS, a. Destitute of reason ; as RE/ATE, xz. A kind of long small grass
Obs. 1 Sam. xii. a reasonless man or mind. that grows in water and complicates it-
RE’/ASON, v.t. To examine or discuss by Shak. Raleigh. self. [Mot in use or local.) Walton.
arguments ; to debate or discuss. I rea- 2. Void of reason; net warranted or sup- REATTACH,, v. t. [re and atlach.] To at-
soned the matter with my friend. ported by reason. tach a second time.
 REB REB REB
REATTACH MENT, n. A second attach- ally a revolt or open resistance to their REBRE’/ATHE, v. i. [re and breathe.] To
ment. government by nations that had been sub- breathe again.
REATTEMPT,, v. t. {re and attempt.] 'To dued in war. It was a renewed war.] REBUFE’, n._ [It. rabbuffo; Fr. rebuffade;
attempt again. 1. An open and ayowed renunciation of the re and It. buffa, buffare, Fr. bouffer.]
REAVE, v. t. (Sax. reafian.| To take away authority of the government to which one 1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick
by stealth or violence; to bereave. Obs. owes allegiance; or the taking of arms and sudden resistance.
See Bereave.] Shak. Spenser. traitorously to resist the authority of law- The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.
REBAP’TISM, n. A second baptism. ful government; revolt. Rebellion differs Milton.
REBAPTIZA’TION, n. [from rebaptize.] from insurrection and from mutiny. In- 2. Sudden check; defeat.
A second baptism. Hooker. surrection may be a rising in opposition to 3. Refusal; rejection ofsolicitation.
REBAPTI'ZE, v.t. [re and baptize.| To a particular act or law, without a design REBUFF’, v. t. To beat back ; to offer sud-
baptize a second time. Ayliffe. to renounce wholly all subjection to the den resistance to ; to check.
REBAPTI’ZED, pp. Baptized again. government. Insurrection may be, but REBUILD’, ? | ;.[7e and build.) To build
REBAPTIZING, ppr. Baptizing a second is not necessarily, rebellion. Mutinyis an) REBILD’, ,° ©again ; to renew a struc-
time. insurrection of soldiers or seamen against} ture ; to build or construct what has been
REBA’TE, v. ¢. [Fr. rebattre; re and battre; the authority of their officers. demolished ; as, to rebuild a house, a wall,
It. ribattere.] No sooner is the standard of rebellion dis-| a wharf or a city.
To blunt ; to beat to obtuseness ; to deprive played, than men of desperate principles resort}
of keenness. to it. Ames. REBUILD/ING, ae
REBILD/ING, |¢2?" Building again.
:
He doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. 2. Open resistance to lawful authority.
|REBUILT, Built again ; reconstruct-
Shak. Commission of rebellion, in law, a commission! REBILT’, * ed.
The keener edge of battle to rebate. Dryden. awarded against a person who treats the
REBATE, king’s authority with contempt, in not REBU/KABLE, a. [from rebuke.] Worthy
REBA’TEMENT, ,n. Diminution. obeying his proclamation according to bis of reprehension. Shak.
2. In commerce, abatement in price ;deduc- allegiance, and refusing to attend his sove- REBU'KE, v.t (Norm. rebuquer ; Arm.
tion. Encyc. reign when required; in which case, four rebechat, to reproach. Qu. Fr. reboucher,
3. In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of| commissioners are ordered to attach him to stop; re and boucher, to stop. The Ital-
the bearings in a coat of arms. wherever he may be found. — Blackstone. ian has rimbeccare, to repulse or drive
Encyc. REBEL/LIOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion; back, to peck, from becco, the beak. The
REBA’TO, n. A sort of ruff. [See Rabato.] renouucing the authority and dominion of} word is a compound of re and a root in
RE’‘BECK, n. [Fr. rebec; It. ribecca.] A the government to which allegiance is, Bg, signifying to drive. See Pack and
three stringed fiddle. [Mot much used.] due ; traitorously resisting government or, Inpeach. Class Bg. No. 20.]
Milton. lawful authority. Deut. ix. xxi. | . To chide; to reprove; to reprehend for
REBEL, n. [Fr. rebelle, from L. rebellis, REBEL/LIOUSLY, adv. With design to a fault; to check by reproof.
making war again.} throw off the authority of legitimate gov- The proud he tam’d, the penitent he cheer’d,
1. One who revolts from the government to ernment; in opposition to the governinent| Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear’d.
which he owes allegiance, either by open- to which one is bound by allegiance; with Dryden.
ly renouncing the authority of that gov- violent or obstinate disobedience to law-| Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor.
ernment, or by taking arms and openly ful authority. Camden. Lev. xix.
opposing it. A rebel differs from an ene- | REBEL/LIOUSNESS, n. The quality or . To check or restrain.
my, as the latter is one who does not owe state of being rebellious. The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan. Zech. iii. Is.
allegiance to the government which he at- REBEL/LOW, v. i. [re and bellow.] To bel- XVI.

tacks. Num. xvii. low in return; to echo back a loud roar- . To chasten; to punish; to afflict for cor
2. One who willfully violates alaw. Encye. ing noise. rection.
3. One who disobeys the king’s proclama- The cave rebellow’d and the temple shook. O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger. Ps. vi.
tion ; a contemner of the king’s laws. Dryden., 4, To check; to silence.
British Laws. Blackstone. REBEL’/LOWING, ppr. Bellowing in re- Master, rebuke thy disciples. Luke xix.
4. A villain who disobeys his lord. Encye. turn or in echo. 5. To check ; to heal.
REB’EL, a. Rebellious ; acting in revolt. REBLOS/SOM, v. 7%. [re and blossom.] To; And he stood over her and rebuked the fever.
blossom again. Luke iv.
Milton.
REBEL’, v.i. [L. rebello, to make war REBOA’TION, n. [L. reboo; re and boo.) 6. To restrain; to calm.
He arose and rebuked the winds and the sea.
again; re and bello; W. rhyvela, to The return of aloud bellowing sound. [Vol Matt. viii.
make war; rhy and bel, war.] used. | Patrick.
REBU'KE, n. <A chiding ; reproof for
. To revolt; to renounce the authority of; REBOIL/, v. 7. (L. re and bullio.]|_ To take faults; reprehension.
the laws and government to which one! fire; to be hot. Elyot:
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not ?
owes allegiance. Subjects may rebel by REBOUND’, v. i. [Fr. rebondir; re and Shak.
an open renunciation of the authority of] bondir.| 2. In Scripture, chastisement; punishment;
the government, without taking arms; but To spring back ; to start back; to be rever- affliction for the purpose of restraint and
ordinarily, rebellion is accompanied by berated by an elastic power resisting] correction. Ezek. vy. Hos. v.
resistance in arms. force or impise impressed ; as a rebound- 3. In low language, any kind of check.
ing echo.
Ye have built you an altar, that ye might re-
Bodies absolutely hard, or so soft as to be
LL’Estrange.
bel this day against the Lord. Josh. xxii. Is. i. To suffer rebuke, to endure the reproach and
void of elasticity, will not rebound from one!
2. 'To rise in violent opposition against law- persecution of men. Jer. xv.
another. Newton.)
ful authority. To be without rebuke, to live without giving
REBOUND, v.t. To drive back: to rever-,
How could my hand rebel against my heart ? berate. cause of reproof or censure; to be blame-
How could your heart rebel against your rea- Silenus sung ; the vales his voice rebound. less.
son ? Dryden:
Dryden. REBU'KED, pp. Reproved; reprehended;
REBEL/LED, pp. or a. Rebellious ; guilty REBOUND’, n. The act of flying back in| checked ; restrained; punished for faults.
of rebellion. Milton. resistance of the impulse of another body ; REBU'KEFUL, a. Containing or abound-
REBEL/LER, n. One that rebels. Dict.
resilience. ing with rebukes.
REBEL/LING, ppr. Renouncing the au- Put back as from a rock with swift rebound. REBU’KEFULLY, adv. With reproof or
thority of the government to which one Dryden. reprehension.
owes aliegiance ; rising in oppositionto REBOUND‘ING, ppr. Springing or flying REBU‘KER, 2. One that rebukes; a chi-
Jawful authority. back ; reverberating. der; one that chastises or restrains.
REBELLION, n. [Fr. from L. rebellio. REBRA‘CE, v. t. [re and brace.] 'To brace!
Among the Romans, rebellion was origin- REBU/KING, ppr. Chiding ; reproving;
again. Gray. checking ; punishing.
 REC REC REC
REBULLI’TION, n. [See Ebullition and RECANT,, v. 7. To recall words; to revoke REC'ASTING, ppr. Casting again; mold-
Boil.| Act of boiling or effervescing. a declaration or proposition; to unsay ing anew.
([Latile used.] Wotton. what has been said. Convince me I am RECE’DE, v. i. [L. recedo; re and cedo.|
REBURY, v. ¢. reber'ry. [re and bury.] To
wrong, and I will recant. 1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
inter again. _ Ashmole. RECANTA’TION, xn. The act of recalling ; Like the hollow roar
RE’BUS, n. (L. from res, which is of the retraction; a declaration that contradicts Of tides receding from th’ insulted shore.
class Rd, Rs, and of the same family as a former one. Sidney. Dryden.
riddle. See Riddle, Read and Real.] IRECANT’ED, pp. Recalled ; retracted. All bodies moved circularly, endeavor to re-
1. An enigmatical representation of some [RECANT’ER, n. One that recants. Shak. cede from the center. Bentley.
name, &c. by using figures or pictures |RECANT'ING, ppr. Recalling; retract- 2. To withdraw a claim or pretension ; to
instead of words. A gallant in love with ing. desist from ; to relinquish what had been
a woman named Rose Hill, painted on the |RECAPACITATE, v. t. [re and capacitate.] proposed or asserted ; as, to recede from a
border of his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, To qualify again; to confer capacity on demand ; to recede from terms or proposi-
a loaf and a well, which reads, Rose Hill | again. Atterbury. tions.
T love well. Encye. RECAPACITATED, pp. Capacitated RECE'DE, v. t. fre and cede.) To cede
2. A sort of riddle. again. back; to grant or yield to a former pos-
3. In some chimical writers, sour milk ;some- RECAPACITATING, ppr. Conferring ca- Sessor; as, to recede conquered territory.
times, the ultimate matter of which all | pacity again. RECE’DED, pp. Ceded back; regranted.
bodies are composed. Encye. REC€APIT'ULATE, v. t. [Fr. recapituler ; RECE’DING, ppr. Withdrawing; retreat-
4. In heraldry, a coat of arms which bears | It. raccapitolare ; re and L. capitulum. See ing; moving back.
an allusion to the name of the person; as Capitulate.} 2. Ceding back ; regranting.
three cups, for Butler. Encye. ‘To repeat the principal things mentioned in RECE‘IPT, n, recee’t. [It. ricetta, from the
REBUT, v. t. [Fr. rebuter ;Norm. rebutter; a preceding discourse, argument or essay ;|RECE‘IT, “L. receptus. This word
from the root of but, Fr. bout, end ; bouter, to give a summary of the principal facts, ought to follow the analogy ofconceit, de-
to put; bouder, to pout; It. ributtare, to | points or arguments. Dryden. ceil, from L. conceptus, deceptus, and be
drive back, also to vomit. See Butt and /RECAPIT’ULATED, pp. Repeated ‘in a written without p, receit.]
Pout. Class Bd.] | Sulmmary. The act of receiving; as the receit of a
To repel; to oppose by argument, plea or REC€APIT/ULATING, ppr. Repeating the letter.
countervailing proof. [It is used by law- principal things in a discourse or argu- 2. The place of receiving; as the receit of
yers in ageneral sense.] ment. custom. Matt. ix.
REBUT’, v. z. To retire back. Obs. RE€APITULA’TION, n. The act ofreca- 3. Reception; as the receit of blessings or
Spenser. pitulating. mercies.
2. To answer, as a plaintif’s sur-rejoinder. 2. a A summary or concise statement or enu- - Reception ;welcome; as the kind receit
The plaintif may answer the rejoinder by al meration of the principal points or facts in of a friend. Obs.
sur-rejoinder; on which the defendant may re- a preceding discourse, argument or essay. [In this sense, reception is now used.]
but. Blackstone. | South. Recipe ; prescription of ingredients for
REBUT’TED, pp. Repelled; answered. /RECAPIT/ULATORY, a. Repeating again; any composition, as of medicines, &c.
REBUT’TER, x. In law pleadings, the an-| | containing recapitulation. Garretson. Dryden. Arbuthnot.
swer of a defendant to a plaintif’s sur-re-| RECAP'TION, n. (L. re and caplio; capio, In commerce, a writing acknowledging the
joinder. Blackstone.| | to rake.] taking of money or goods. A receit of
If } grant to a tenant to hold without im-|) money may be in part or in full payment
peachment of waste, and afterward implead
‘The act of retaking; reprisal; the retaking
of a debt, and it operates as an acquittance
him for waste done, he may debar me of this | of one’s own goods, chattels, wife or chil-
action by showing my grant, which is a rebut- dren from one who has taken them and or discharge of the debt either in part or
ter. Encye. wrongfully detains them. Blackstone. in fall. A receit of goods makes the re-
REBUT’TING, ppr. Repelling; opposing, Writ of recaption, a writ to recover property ceiver liable to account for the same,
by argument, countervailing allegation! taken by a second distress, pending a re- according to the nature of the transaction,
or evidence. | plevin for a former distress for the same or the tenor of the writing. It is custom-
RECALL, v. t. [re and call.| To call back || rent or service, Blackstone. ary for sherifs to deliver goods taken in
execution, to some person who gives his
to take back; as, to recall words or decla- RE€AP’TOR, n. [re and captor.] One who recett for them, with a promise to redeliver
ratious. retakes; one that takesa prize which had
been previously taken. them to the sherif at or before the time of
2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act}
RECAP’TURE, n. [re and capture.] The sale.
as, to recall a decree. |
3. To call back; to revive in memory ; as, act of retaking; particularly, the retaking RECEIPT, ;v.t, 7ecee’l. To give a receit
of a prize or goods from a captor. RECEIT, “for; as, to receit goods
torecall to mind what has been forgotten.
2. A prize retaken. delivered by a sherif.
Broome. RECEIVAB
4. To call back from a place or mission; as, IRE€AP’TURE, v. t. To retake; particu- RECE'IVA LE, a. That may be received.
to recall a minister from a foreign court ; larly, to retake a prize which had been BLENESS, x. Capability of be-
to recall troops from India. previously taken. Du Ponceau. ing received. 1 Whitlock.
RECALL’, n. A calling back ; revocation. RE€AP’TURED, pp. Retaken. RECE'IVE, v. t. [Fr. recevoir; Ari. receff,
2. The power ofcalling back or revoking. |RECAP’TURING, ppr. Retaking, as a recevi; It. ricevere; Sp. recibir; Port. re-
*Tis done, and since “tis done, ’tis past recall. prize from the captor. ceber; L. recipio ; re and capio, to take. ]
Dryden. REC'ARNIFY, v. t. [re and carnify, from 1. To take, asa thing offered or sent ; to ac-
REC€ALL’ABLE, a. That may be recalled. | _L. caro, flesh.] cept. He had the offer of adonation, but
he would not recezve it.
Ramsiy. 'To convert again into flesh. [.Vot much used.] 2. To take as due or as a reward. He re-
Delegates recallable at pleasure. Madison. Howell.
REC€AR’RIED, pp. Carried back or again. ceived the money on the day it was paya-
RECALLED, pp. Called back ; revoked. ble. He received ample conipensation.
RECALL/ING, ppr. Calling back ; revok- RE€ARRY, v. t. [re and carry.] To carry
ing. back. Walton. 3. manner,
To take or obtain from another in any
and either good or evil.
RECANT’, v. ¢. [L. recanto ;re and canto.| RECAR'RYING, ppr. Carrying back.
See Cant.] Shall we receive good at the hand of God,
RECAST, v.t. [re and cast.] To cast again ; and shall we not receive evil? Job ii.
To retract; to recall; to contradict a for- as, to recast cannon,
mer declaration. 4. To take, as a thing communicated ; as, to
2. To throw again. Florio. receive a wound by a shot; to receive a dis-
How soon would ease recant 3. To mold anew. Burgess. ease by contagion.
Vows made in pain, as violent as void. 4. To compute a second time.
Milton. [REO AST, pp. Cast again: molded anew. The idea of solidity we receive by our touch.
Locke.
 REC REC REC
5. To take or obtain intellectually; as, to re- RECEN’SION, n. [L. recensio.] Review ;| were well pleased with their reception.
ceive an opinion or notion from others. examination ;enumeration. Evelyn. Nothing displeases more than a cold re-
6. To embrace. RE/CENT, a. [L. recens.] New; being of ception.
Receive with meekness the engrafted word. late origin or existence. 7. A receiving officially; as the reception of
James i. The ancients believed some parts of Egypt an envoy by a foreign court.
7. To allow; to hold; to retain; as a cus- to be recent, and formed by the mud discharged 8. Opinion generally admitted.
tom long received. into the sea by the Nile. Woodward. Philosophers who have quitted the popular
8. To admit. 2. Late; modern; as great and worthy men doctrines of their countries, have fallen into as
Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and ancient or recent. [Modern is now used.} extravagant opinions, as even common recep-
afterward receive me to glory. Ps. Ixxiii. Bacon. tion countenanced. [JVot in use.] Locke.
9. To welcome ; to lodge and entertain; as 3. Fresh ; lately received; as recent news or) 9. Recovery. [.Vot in use.] Bacon.
a guest. intelligence. RECEP’TIVE, a. Having the quality of
They kindled a fire and received us every one, 4. Late; of late occurrence; as a recent receiving or admitting what is communi-
because of the present rain and because of the event or transaction. cated.
cold. Acts xxviii. 5. Fresh; not long dismissed, released or Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies,
10. To admit into membership or fellow- parted from; as Ulysses, recent from the Glanville.
ship. storms. Pope. RECEPTIV'ITY, xn. The state or quality
Him that is weak in the faith, receive ye. IRE/CENTLY, adv. Newly; lately; fresh- of being receptive. Fotherby.
Rom. xiv. ly ; not long since; as advices recently re- RECEP’TORY, a. Generally or popularly
11. To takein or on; to hold; to contain. ceived; a town recently built or repaired ; admitted or received. [.Vot in use.]
The brazen altar was too little to receive the Brown.
burnt-offering. 1 Kings viii. an isle recently discovered.
12. To be endowed with. RE/CENTNESS, x. Newness; freshness ; RECESS’, n. [L. recessus, from recedo. See
lateness of origin or occurrence ; as the Recede.|
Ye shall receive power after that the Holy recentness of alluvial land; the recentness 1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving
Spirit has come upon you. Acts i. back; as the recess of the tides.
of news or of events.
13. To take into a place or state. RECEP’TA€LE, n. [L. receptaculum, from 2. A withdrawing from public businessor no-
After the Lord had spoken to them, he was receptus, recipio.| tice ; retreat; retirement.
received up into heaven. Mark xvi. 1. A place or vessel into which something is My recess hath given them confidence that I
14. To take or have as something ascribed ; received or in which it is contained, as a may be conquered. K. Charles.
And every neighbouring grove
as, to receive praise orblame. Rev. iv. v. vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &c. Sacred to soft recess and gentle love,
15. To bear with or suffer. 2 Cor. xi. The grave is the common receptacle of the Prior.
16. To believe in. John i. dead. 3. Departure. Glanville.
17. To accept or admit officially or in an of- 2. In botany, one ofthe parts of the fructifi- 4. Place of retirement or secrecy ; private
ficial character. The minister was received cation; the base by which the other parts abode.
by the emperor or court. of the fructification are connected. A This happy place, our sweet
18. To take stolen goods from a thief, know- proper receptacle belongs to one fructifica- i Recess. ; Milton.
ing them to be stolen. Blackstone. tion only; a common receptacle connects 5. State of retirement; as lords in close re-
RECE'IVED, pp. Taken; accepted; ad- several florets or distinct fructifications. cess. Milton.
mitted; embraced; entertained; believ- The receptacle of the fructification is com- In the recess of the jury, they are to consider
ed. mon both to the flower and the fruit, or it their evidence. ‘Hale.
RECE/IVEDNESS, n. General allowance embraces the coro] and germ. The re- 6 . Remission or suspension of business or
or belief; as the receivedness of an opinion. ceptaele of the flower, is the base to which precedure; as, the house of representa-
Boyle. the parts of the flower,
exclusive of the| tives had a recess of half an hour.
RECEIVER, n. One whotakesor receives germ, are fixed. The receptacle of the 7. Privacy ; seclusion from the world or from
in any manner. fruit, is the base of the fruit only. The company.
2. An officer appointed to receive public receptacle of the seeds, is the base to
money ; a treasurer. Bacon. Good verse recess and solitude requires.
which the seeds are fixed. Martyn. Dryden.
3. One who takes stolen goods from a thief, 3. In anatomy, the receptacle of the chyle is
knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the situated on the left side of the upper ver- \8. Secret or abstruse part; asthe difficulties
guilt of partaking in the crime. teber of the loins, under the aorta and the and recesses of science. Watts.
Blackstone. vessels of the left kidney. Encye. 9 A withdrawing from any point; removal
4, A vessel for receiving and containing the RECEPTA€'ULAR, a. In botany, pertain- to a distance. Brown.
product of distillation. ing to the receptacle or growing on it, as 10. [Fy. recez.] An abstract or registry of
5. The vessel of an air pump, for containing the nectary. the resolutions of the imperial diet. [.Vot
the thing on which an experiment is to be REC’EPTARY, n. Thing received. [Not in use.| Ayliffe.
made. in use.| Brown. 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or
6. One who partakes of the sacrament. RECEPTIBILITY, x. The possibility of of a lake from the generai line of the
Taylor. receiving. Glanville. shore, forming a bay.
RECE/IVING, ppr. Taking; accepting ; (Qu. The possibility of being received.], IRECES’/SION, n. [L. recessio.] The act
admitting ;embracing ; believing; enter- RECEP’TION, n. [Fr.; L. receptio.] The! of withdrawing, retiring or retreating.
taining. act of receiving ; in a general sense ; as the 2. The act of receding from a claim, or of
RECEL’/EBRATE, v. t. [re and celebrate.} reception of food into the stomach, or o relaxing a demand. South.
To celebrate again. B. Jonson. air into the lungs. 3. A cession or granting back; as the recess-
RECELEBRATED, pp. Celebrated anew. 2. The state of being received. Milton. ion of conquered territory to its former
RECEL/EBRATING, — ppr. Celebrating|/3, Admission of any thing sent or commu- sovereign.
anew. nicated; as the reception of a letter; the RECHANGE, v. t. [Fr. rechanger j re and
RECELEBRA’TION, n. A renewed cele- reception of sensation or ideas. change.| To change again.
bration. 4, Readmission. RECHANGED, pp. Changed again.
RE/CENCY, n. [L.recens.| Newness ;new | RECHANGING, ppr. Changing again.
All hope is lost
state; late origin; as the recency of a Of my reception into grace. Milton.
RECHARGE, v. t. [Fr. recharger; re and
wound or tumor. a Admission of entrance for holding or con- charge.]
”
Lateness in time; freshness; as the re- taining ; as a sheath fitted for the reception | |. To charge or accuse in return. Hooker.
cency of a transaction. of asword; achannel for the reception of} 2. To attack again ; to attack anew.
RECENSE, v. t. recens’. [L. recenseo; re water. ; Dryden.
and censeo. | A receiving or manner of receiving for ||RECH‘ARGED, pp. Accused in return;
‘To review ; to revise. Bentley. entertainment ; entertainment. The guests) | attacked anew.
 REC REC REC
RECHARGING, ppr. Accusing in return; RECIP/ROCATING, ppr. Interchanging;IRECK, v. i. [Sax. recan, reccan, to say, to
attacking anew. each giving or doing to the other the same tell, to narrate, to reckon, to care, to rule
RECHE/AT, x. [said to be from Old thing. or govern, L. rego. ‘The primary sense
French. | RECIPROEA’TION, xn. [L. reciprocatio.] is to strain. Care is a straining of the
Among hunters, a lesson which the hunts- 1. Interchange of acts ; a mutual giving and mind. See Rack and Reckon.]
man winds on the horn when the hounds returning; as the rectprocation of kind- |To care; to mind; to rate at much; as we
have lost the game, to call them back from nesses. say, to reckon much of; followed by of.
pursuing a counter scent. Barley. Shak. 2. Alternation; as the reciprocation of the Obs.
RECHE/AT, v. t. To blow the recheat. sea inthe flowand ebb of tides. | Brown. Thou’s but a lazy loorde,
Drayton. 3. Regular return or alternation of two And reeks much of thy swinke. Spenser.
RECHOOSS, v. t. rechooz'. To choose a | symptoms or diseases. Coxe.|| I reck as little what betideth me,
IRECIPROC ITY, n. [Fr. reciprocité.) Re- As much I wish all good befortune you.
second time. Shak.
RECHOSEN, pp. or a. recho'zn. Re-elect- ciprecal obligation or right ;equal mutual Ofnight or loneliness it recks me not.
ed; chosen again. rights or benefits to be yielded or enjoyed. Milton.
RECIDIVA’TION, n. [L. recidivus, from The commissioners offered to negotiate a RECK, v.t. To heed; to regard; to care
recido, to fall back; re and cado, to fall.| treaty on principles of reciprocity. for.
A falling back; a backsliding. [ot much IRECIVSION, n. s as z. [L. recisio, from re- This son of mine not recking danger.
used. | Hammond. cido, to cut off; re and cedo.] Sidney.
RECID‘IVOUS, a. [(L. recidivus.] Subject The act of cutting off. Sherwood. (This verb is obsolete unless in poetry. We
to backslide. [Little used.] RECITAL, n. [from recite] Rehearsal ; observe the primary sense and application
RECIPE, n. res‘ipy. (L. imperative of re- the repetition of the words of another or in the phrase, “ it reeks me not,” that is, it
cipio, to take.] of a writing; as the recital of a deed; the | does not strain or distress me; it does not
A medical prescription ; a direction of med- recital of testimony. Encye. rack my mind. 'To reck danger is a deriy-
icines to be taken by a patient. Encye. 2. Narration; a telling of the particulars of ative form of expression, and a deviation
RECIPIENT, n. [L. recipiens, recipio.| All| an adventure or of a series of events. from the proper sense of the verb.]
receiver; the person or thing that re- Addison. RECK’LESS, a. Careless; heedless ;mind-
ceives; he or that to which any thing is 3. Enumeration. Prior. less.
communicated. Glanviile. IRECITA’TION, n. [L. recitatio.] Rehears- I made the king as reckless, as them diligent.
2. The receiver ofa still. | Decay of Piety. al; repetition of words. Sidney.
RECIP’ROCAL, a. [L. rectprocus ;Sp. It.) Hammond. Temple. TRECK’/LESSNESS, n. Heed!essness ; care-
reciproco ; Vr. reciproque.} 2. In colleges and schools, the rebearsal of a lessness ; negligence. Sidney.
1. Acting in vicissitude or return; alternate. lesson by pupils before their instructor. [These words, formerly disused, have been
Corruption is reciprocal to generation. RECIT/ATIVE, a. [Fr. recitatif; It. rectt- recently revived. |
Bi al alivo. See Recile.| RECKON, v. #. rek’n. (Sax. recan, reecan,
2. Mutual; done by each to the other; as Reciting ; rehearsing ; pertaining to musical to tell, to relate, to reck or care, to rule, to
reciprocal love; reciprocal benefits or fa- pronunciation. Dryden. reckon; D. reckenen, to count or compute ;
vors; reciprocal duties ; reciprocal aid. RECIT/ATIVE, n. A kind of musical pro- || G. rechnen, to count, to reckon, to esteem,
3. Mutually interchangeable. nunciation, such as that in which the sey- | and recken, to stretch, to strain, to rack;
|
These two rules will render a definition re- eral parts of the liturgy are rehearsed in/| Sw. rikna, to count, to tell; Dan. regner,
ciprocal with the thing defined. Watts. churches, or that of actors on the stage, to reckon, to count, to rain. The Saxon
Reciprocal terms, in logic, those terms that when they express some action or passion, word signifies not only to tell or count,
have the same signification, and conse- relate some event or reveal some design. but to reck or care, and to rule or govern;
quently are convertible and may be used, Encye. and the latter signification proves it to be
for each other. Encyc.)In vecitative, the composer and the perform- the L. rego, rectus, whence regnum, regno,
Reciprocal quantities, in mathematics, are er endeavor to imitate the inflections, ac-), Eng. to reign, and hence Sax. reht, riht,
those which, multiplied together, produce cent and emphasis of natural speech. Eng. right, G. recht, &c. The primary
unity. Encyc., Busby. sense of the root is to strain, and right is
Reciprocal figwres, in geometry, are those) [Note. The natural and proper English ac- strained, stretched to a_ straight line;
which have the antecedents and conse- cent of this word is on the second syllable. hence we see that these words all coin-
quents of the same ratio in both figures. | The foreign accent may well be discard- cide with reach, stretch and rack, and we
Encye., ed.| say, we are racked with care. Itis proba-
Reciprocal ratio, is the ratio between the re- RECIT/ATIVELY, adv. In the manner of] ble that wreck and wretched are from the
ciprocals of two quantities ; as, the recip-| recitative. same root. Class Rg. No. 18. 21.]
rocal ratio of 4 to 9, is that of } to 1, | RECI'TE, v. t. [L. recito; re and cito, to 1. To count; to number; that is, to tell the
RECIP/ROCAL, nx. The reciprocal of any| eall or name.!} particulars.
quantity, is unity divided by that quantity.) 1. ‘To rehearse ; to repeat the words of an- The priest shall reckon to him the money,
Thus the reciprocal of4 is 4. i| other or of a writing; as, to recite the accoiding to the years that remain, even to the
RECIP/ROCALLY, adv. Mutually; inter-) words of an author or of a deed or coy- year of jubilee, and it shall be abated. Lev.
changeably ; in such a manner that each, enant. XXVIII.

affects the other and is equally affected 2. In writing,

CAD I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on
|
to copy; as, y the words of a,
by it.
fo} A
| deed are recited in the pleading. the outside of the church. Addison.
These two particles do reciprocally affect, \3. To tell over; to relate; to narrate; as, to)! 2. To esteem; to account; to repute. Rom.
each other with the same force. Bentley.| viii.
recite past events ; to recile the particulars For him I reckon not in high estate.
RECIP/RO€ALNESS, n. Mutual return 5 of a voyage.
Milton.
alternateness. Decay of Piety.|| 4. 'To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.)
RECIP/ROGATE, v. i. [L. reciproco; Fr 5. To enumerate.
'3. To repute; to set in the number or rank
| .of.
reciproquer.) To act interchangeably ; to) RECHTE, v. 7. To rehearsea lesson. The),
alternate. class will rectle at eleven o’clock. He was reckoned among the transgressors.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, Luke xxii.
American Seminaries.|
And draws and blows reciprocating air. {|
\|RECITE, 4. To assign in an account. Rom. iv.
for recital. [ot in use.]
Dryden.) {
RECI'TED, pp. Rehearsed; told; repeat- \0. 'To compute ; to calculate. Addison.
RECIP/ROCATE, v. ¢. To exchange; to) ed; narrated. RECK/ON, v. 7. To reason with one’s self
interchange ; to give and return mutually ; R ECI'TER, n. One that recites or re- | and conclude from arguments.
as, to reciprocate favors. i hearses ; a narrator. | I reckoned till morning, that as a lion, so
RECIP/ROCATED, pp. Mutually given) RECUTING, ppr. Rehearsing; telling; re-| | will he break all my bones. Is. xxxviii.
and returned; interchanged. peating; narrating. 2. To charge to account; with on.
PC
Vol. Hf. 52
 REC REC REC
I call posterity Or is her tow’ring flight reclaim’d Shut up; sequestered; retired from the
Into the debt, and reckon on her head. By seas from Icarus’ downfall nam’d ? world or from public notice; solitary; as
B. Jonson. Prior. a recluse monk or hermit; a recluse life.
3. To pay a penalty; to be answerable ; 5. To recall; to cry out against. I all the live-long day
with for. The headstrong horses hurried Octavius Consume in meditation deep, recluse
If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall along, and were deaf to his reclaiming them. From human converse. Philips.
reckon for it one day. Sanderson. [ Unusual.} Dryden. RE€LU’/SE, n. A person who live in re-
To reckon with, to state an account with an- 6. To reduce from a wildto a tame or do- tirement or seclusion from intercourse
other, compare it with his account, ascer- mestic state; to tame; to make gentle; with the world; as a hermit or monk.
tain the amount of each and the balance as, to reclaim a hawk, an eagle or a wild 2. A person who confines himself to a cell
which one owes to the other. In this beast. Dryden. in a monastery.
manner the countrymen of New England 7. To demand or challenge; to make a RE€LU’SELY, adv. In retirement or se-
who have mutual dealings, reckon with claim ; a French use. clusion from society.
each other at the end of each year, or as 8. To recover. Spenser. RE€LU/SENESS, 2. Retirement ; seclu-
often as they think fit. 9. In ancient customs, to pursue and recall, sion from society.
After a long time the lord of those servants as a vassal. Encye. RE€LU’SION, n. s asz. A state of retire-
cometh, and reckoneth with them. Matt. xxv. 10. To encroach on what has been taken ment from the world; seclusion.
To callto punishment. from one; to attempt to recover possess- RE€LU'SIVE, a. Affording retirement
God suffers the most grievous sins of particu- ion. from society. Shak.
lar persons to go unpunished in this world, be- A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an RECOAGULA’TION, n. [re and coagula-
cause his justice will have another opportunity element perpetually reclaiming its prior occu- tion.| A second coagulation. Boyle.
to meet and reckon with them. Tillotson. pancy. Coxe, Switz. RECOECT,, a. [L. recoctus, recoquo.] New
To reckon on or wpon, to lay stress or de- RECLAIM, v. i. To ery out; to exclaim. vamped. [.Vot used.] Taylor.
pendence on. e reckons on the support Pope. RECOGNITION, n. reconish’on or recog-
of his friends. RE€LA’/IMABLE, a. That may be reclaim- nish’on. [L. recognitio. |
RECKONED, pp. rek/nd. Counted ; num- ed, reformed or tamed. 1. Acknowledgment ; formal avowal; as
bered; esteemed; reputed; computed; RECLA/IMANT, n. One that opposes, the recognition of a final concord on a
set or assigned to in account. contradicts or remonstrates against. writ of covenant. Bacon.
RECKONER, n. rek/ner. One who reckons Waterland. 2. Acknowledgment; memorial. White.
or computes. RECLA/‘IMED, pp. Recalled froma vicious 3. Acknowledgment ; solemn avowal by
Reckoners without their host must reckon
life; reformed; tamed; domesticated ; which a thing is owned or declared to be-
twice. Camden. long to, or by which the remembrance of
RECKONING, ppr. rek/ning. Counting ; recovered. it is revived.
computing ; esteeming ; reputing ; stating RE€LA‘IMING, ppr. Recalling to a regu-
an account mutually. lar course oflife ; reforming ; recovering; The lives of such saints had, at the time of
taking ;demanding. their yearly memorials, solemn recognition in
RECK/ONING, n. The act of counting or the church of God. Hooker.
computing ; calculation. RECLAMA’TION, n. Recovery.
2. An account of time. Sandys. 2. Demand; challenge of something to be 4. Knowledge confessed or avowed; as the
3. A statement of accounts with another; a restored ; claim made. Gallatin. recognition of a thing present; memory of
statement and comparison of accounts RE€’/LINATE, a. [L. reclinatus. See Re- it as passed. Grew.
mutually for adjustment ; as in the prov- cline.| RECOGNITOR, xn. recon‘itor. One of a
erb, “short reckonings make long friends.” In botany, reclined, as a leaf; bent down- jury upon assize. Blackstone.
The way to make reckonings even, is to wards, so that the point of the leaf is low- RECOGNIZABLE, a. recon/izable. [from
make them often. South. er than the base. Martyn.'| recognize.| That may be recognized or
4. The charges or account made by a host. A reclinate stem is one that bendsin an arch acknowledged. Orient. Collections.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay towards the earth. Lee. RECOGNIZANCE, n. recon/izance. [I'r.
a reckoning. Addison. REC€LINA’TION, n. The act of leaning or reconnoisance. |
5. Account taken. 2 Kings xxii. reclining. 1. Acknowledgment of a person or thing;
6§. Esteem ; account; estimation. RECLINE, v. t. [L. reclino; re and clino, avowal; profession ; as the recognizance
You make no further reckoning of beauty, to lean.]} of christians, by which they avow their
than of an outward fading benefit nature be- belief in their religion. Hooker.
stowed. To lean back; to lean to one side or side-
Sidney.
7. In navigation, an account wise ; as, to recline the head on a pillow, 2. In law, an obligation of record which a
of the ship’s
or on the bosom of another, or on the man enters into before some court of rec-
course and distance calculated from the ord or magistrate duly authorized, with
log-board without the aid of celestial ob- arm.
The mother condition to do some particular act, as to
servation. This account from the log- appear at the assizes, to keep the peace or
Reclin’d her dying head upon his breast.
board, is called the dead reckoning. Dryden. | pay adebt. This recognizance differs from
Mar. Dict. RE€LI/NE, v. i. To lean; to rest or re- | a bond, as it does not create a new debt,
RECK’/ONING-BOOK, n. A book in which pose ; as, to recline on a couch. but it is the acknowledgment ofa former
money received and expended is entered. RECLINE, a. [L. reclinis.] Leaning ; be- debt on record. 'This is witnessed by the
Johnson. ing in a leaning posture. record only, and not by the party’s seal.
RE€LA'IM, v. t. [Fr. reclamer ; L. reclamo ; There is also a recognizance in the nature
They sat recline
re and clamo, to call. See Claim.] On the soft downy bank damask’d with flow- of a statute staple, acknowledged before
1. To claim back; to demand to have re- ers. [Little used.) Milton. || either of the chief justices or their substi-
turned. The vender may reclaim the goods. RE€LINED, pp. Inclined back or side- | tutes, the mayor of the staple at West-
Z. Swift. wise. minster and the recorder of London,
|
2. To call back from error, wandering or RE€LI/NING, ppr. Leaning back or side- which is to be enrolled and certified into
transgression, to the observance of moral wise ; resting ; lying. chancery. Blackstone.
rectitude; to reform; to bring back to
REC€LO’SE, v. t. s as z. [re and close.] To 3. The verdict of a jury impanneled upon
correct deportment or course of life. close or shut again. Pope. assize. Cowell.
It is the intention of Providence in its various
expressions of goodness, to reclaim mankind.
RE€LO’SED, pp. Closed again. RECOGNIZE, v. é. rec/onize. [It. riconoscere;
Rogers. RE€LO/SING, ppr. Closing again.
Sp. reconocer ;Fr. reconnoitre ; L. recognos-
3. To reduce to the state desired. RE€LU’DE, v. t. [L. recludo ; re and claudo, co; re and cognosco, to know. The g in
Much labor is requir’d in trees, to tame cludo.| To open. [Little used.| Harvey. these words has properly no sound in
Their wild disorder, and in ranks reclaim. IRECLU/SE, a. [Fr. reclus, from L. reclusus, English. It is not a part of the root of
Dryden. recludo, but with a signification directly the word, being written merely to give to
A. To call back; to restrain. opposite. | con the French sound ofgn, or that of the
 REC REC REC

Spanish 7, and this sound does not prop- The Tyrian queen RECOMMENDA’TION, xn. The act of
Admir’d his fortunes, more admir’d the man, recominending or of commending; the
erly belong to our language.] Then recollected stood. Dryden. act of representing in a favorable manner
2, To recollect or recover the knowledge of, [In this sense, collected is more general-
either with an ayowal of that knowledge for the purpose of procuring the notice,
ly used.]} confidence or civilities of another. We
or not. We recognize a person at a dis- RE-COLLE€T’, v. t. To gather again; to
we have introduce a friend to a stranger by a rec-
tance, when we recollect that collect what has been scattered ; as, to
we have formerly ommendation of his virtues or accomplish-
seen him before, or that re-collect routed troops. ments.
known him. We recognize his features or RECOLLECT’ED, pp. Recalled to the 12, That which procures a kind or favorable
his voice. memory. reception. The best recommendation of a
Speak, vassal ; recognize thy sovereign RECOLLECTING, ppr. Recovering to man to favor is politeness. Misfortune is
queen. Harte.| the memory. a recommendation to our pity.
2. To review; to re-examine. South.) RECOLLE€'TION, n. The act of recall-| RECOMMEND/ATORY, a. That com-
REC/OGNIZ E, v. i. Lo enter an obligation ing to the memory, as ideas that have es- mends to another; that recommends.
of record before a proper tribunal. A B caped; or the operation by which ideas Madison. Swift.
recognized in the sum of twenty pounds. | are recalled to the memory or revived in -RECOMMEND’ED, pp. Praised ; com-
RE€/OGNIZED, pp. Acknowledged ; rec- the mind. Recollection differs from remem- mended to another.
ollected as known; bound by recogni-| brance, as it is the consequence of volition, RECOMMEND’‘ER, 2x. One who com-
zance. or an effort of the mind to revive ideas; mends.
RECOGNIZEE, n. reconizee’. whereas remembrance implies no such vo-
The person) RECOMMEND‘ING, ppr. Praising to an-
to whom a recognizance is made. lition. We often remember things without other ; commending.
Blackstone. any voluntary effort. Recollection is call- RECOMMIS’SION, v.t. [re and commis-
RECOGNIZING, ppr. Acknowledging ; ed also reminiscence. sion.| ‘To commission again.
recollecting as known; entering a recog-| iM] The power of recalling ideas to the mind, Officers whose time of service had expired,
nizance. or the period within which things can be were to be recommissioned. Marshall.
RECOGNIZOR, 2. reconizor’. One who en- recollected ;remembrance. The events RECOMMIS’/SIONED, pp. Commissioned
ters into a recognizance. Blackstone. mentioned are not within my recollection. again.
RECOIL, v. t. [Fr. reculer, to draw back 3)3. In popular language, recollection is used |RECOMMIS’SIONING, ppr. Conmnission-
recul, a recoil; Arm. arguila; Fr. cul,| | assynonymous with remembrance. ing again.
Sp. culo, Arm. gil, guil, the back part; W.. JRECOLLECTIVE, a. Having the power RECOMMIT,, v.t. [re and commit.| To
ciliaw, to recede; It. rinculare; Sp. recu- of recolleeting. Foster.) commit again; as, to recommit persons to
lar.| RE€/OLLET, n. [Sp. Port. recoleto.} A prison. Clarendon.
1. To move or start back ; to roll back; as,| monk ofa reformed order of Franciscans.
1nCIs \2. To refer again to a committee ; as, to re-
a cannon recoils when fired ; waves recoil) |IRECOMBINA’TION, n. Combination a commit a bill to the same committee.
from the shore. second time. RECOMMIT’MENT, xn. A second or re-
2. To fall back; to retire. Milton. RECOMBINE, ». t. [re and combine.] 'To) newed commitment ; arenewed reference
3. To rebound ; as, the blow recoils. combine again. to a committee.
Dryden.) If we recombine these two elastic fluids. RECOMMIT’TED, pp. Committed anew ;
4. To retire; to flow back; as, the blood Lavoisier. referred again.
recoils with horror at the sight. RECOMBINED, pp. Combined anew. RECOMMIT’TING, ppr. Committing
5. To start back; to shrink. Nature recoils RECOMBINING, ppr. Combining again. again; referring again to a committee.
at the bloody deed. RECOMFORT, v.t. [re and comfort. To IRECOMMU'NI€ATE, v. ¢. [re and commu-
6. To return. The evil will recod upon his comfort again; to console anew. nicate.| To communicate again.
own head. Sidney. RECOMPACT’, v. t. [re and compact.] To
RECOIL, v. t. To drive back. [ot used.] \2. To give new strength. Bacon. join anew.
Spenser. RE€OMFORTED, pp. Comforted again. Repair
RECOIL‘, n. A starting or falling back; as) 'RECOMFORTING, ppr. Comforting again. | And recompact my scatter’d body. Donne.
the recoil of fire-arms ; the recov! of nature IRECOMFORTLESS, a. Without comfort. RECOMPENSA’TION, n. Recompense.
or the blood. {Vot used.] Spenser. [Vot used. }
RECOIL/ING, ppr. Starting falling RECOMMENCE, v. t. recommens’. [re and RE€/OMPENSE, ». t. [Fr. recompenser ; re
or
back; retiring ;shrinking. commence.| To commence again; to be- and compenser.]
RE€OILING, n. The act of starting or | gin anew. 1. To compensate; to make return of an
falling back; ashrinking ; revolt. South. [RECOMMEN’'CED, pp. Commenced anew. equivalent for any thing given, done or
RECOIL/INGLY, adv. With starting back |RECOMMEN'CING, ppr. Beginning again. suffered ; as, to recompense a person for
or retrocession. RECOMMEND, vw. t. [re and commend ; services, for fidelity or for sacrifices of
RECOIN’, »v. t. [re and coin.] To coin again ; Fr. recommander.| time, for loss or damages.
as, to recoin gold or silver. Le To praise to another; to offer or com- The word is followed by the person or
RECOIN’AGE, n. The act ofcoining anew.) mend to another’s notice, confidence or the service. We recompense a person for
2. That which is coined anew. | kindness by favorable representations. his services, or we recompense his kind-
RECOIN'ED, pp. Coined again. Mecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to ness. It is usually found more easy to
RECOIN'ING, ppr. Coining anew. Augustus. Dryden. neglect than to recompense a favor.
RECOLLECT’, v. t. [re and collect; L. re- {In this sense, commend, though less 2. To requite ;to repay ; to return an equiv-
colligo, recollectus.} common, is the preferable word.] alent; in a bad sense.
To collect again; applied to ideas that 2.. To make acceptable. Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom.
have escaped from the memory ; to recover A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Xi.

or call back ideas to the memory. I recol-) Succeeds, and ev’n a stranger recommends. 3. To make an equivalent return in profit or
lect what was said at a former interview ; Pope. produce. The labor of man is recompens-
or I cannot recollect what was said. . To commit with prayers. ed by the fruits of the earth.
2. To recover or recall the knowledge of ; Paul chose Silas and departed, being recom- \4. To compensate ; to make amends by any
to bring back to the mind or memory. I) mended by the brethren to the grace of God. thing equivalent. =
meta man whom I thought I had seen Acts xv. Solyman—said he would find occasion for
before, but I could not recollect his name, [Commend here is much to be prefer-| them to recompense that disgrace. Knolles
or the place where I kad seen him. I red.| 5. To make restitution or an equivalent re-
do not recollect you, sir. RECOMMENDABLE, a. That may be turn for. Num. v.
To recover resolution or composure of recommended ; worthy of recommenda- IREC/OMPENSE, n. An equivalent return-
mind. tion or praise. Glanville. ed for any thing given, done or suffered ;
 REC REC REC
Which to their light and \RECONNOIT‘ER, v. t. ip reconnoitre ; v€
but proportion’d
compensation ; reward ; amends; as a
place, and connoitre, to know.
recompense for services, for damages, for Due distance reconciles to form and grace. | To view; to survey; to examine by the
loss, &c. Pope. eye; particularly in military affairs, to
2, Requital ;return of evil or suffering or 4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile dif-| examiue the state of an enemy’s army or
other equivalent; asa punishment. ferences or quarrels. camp, or the ground for military opera-
.
To me belongeth vengeance and recompense RECONCILED, pp. Brought into friend- tions.
? ; ship from a state of disagreement or en- RECONNOIT’ERED, pp. Viewed
Deut. xxxil. ; exam-
And every transgression and disobedience mity ; made consistent ; adjusted. ined by personal observation.
received a just recompense of reward. Heb. ii.
RECONCIULEMENT, 7x. Reconciliation; RECONNOIT’ERING, ppr. Viewing ; ex-
REC/OMPENSED, pp. Rewarded ; requi- renewal of friendship. Animosities some- ainining by personal observation.
ted. times make reconcilement impracticable.
ppr. Rewarding ;com- 2. Friendship renewed. RECONQUER, ». t. recon‘ker. [re and con-
REC/OMPENSING, quer; Fr. reconquérir.|
ensating ; requiting. No cloud
RECOMPILEMENT, xn. [ re and compile- 1. To conquer again; to recover by con-
Of anger shall remain, but peace assured
quest. Davies.
ment.| New compilation or digest; as a} And reconcilement. Milton.
2. To recover; to regain. [.4 French use.]
recompilement of laws. Bacon. RECONCILER, n. One who reconciles ; RE€ON’QUERED, pp. Conquered again:
RECOMPO'SE, v.t. sasz. [re and com- one who brings parties at variance into regained.
pose. | renewed friendship. Fell.
1. To quiet an ew; to compose or tranquil-| 2. One who discovers the consistence of| RECON’QUERING, _ ppr. Conquering
ize that whic h is ruffled or disturbed ; as, propositions. Norris. again; recovering.
to recompose the mind. : Taylor. IRECONCILIA/TION, n. [Fr. from L. re-| RE€ON’SECRATE, v.t. [re and conse-
2. To compose anew; to form or
adjust) crate.| 'To consecrate anew.
conciliatio. |
again. 1. The act of reconciling parties at vari- RECON’SECRATED, pp. Consecrated
We produced a lovely p urple which we can ance; renewal of friendship after disa-) again.
Boyle.
destroy or recompose at pleasure. greement or enmity. RECON'SECRATING, ppr. Consecrating
after,
RECOMPO'SED, pp. Quieted again a)
Reconciliation and friendship with God, real- again.
agitation ; formed anew ; composed ly form the basis of all rational and true enjoy- RECONSEERA’TION, n. A renewed con-
second time. ment. S. Miller.) secration.
RECOMPO'SING, ppr. Rendering adjusting
tranquil 2. In Scripture, the means by which sinners;
after agitation ; forming or are reconciled and brought into a state of RECONSID/ER, v. é. [re and consider.| To
favor with God, after natural estrange- consider again; to turn in the mind
anew. again; to review.
RECOMPOSI’TION, x. Composition re- ment or enmity; the atonement; expia-
2. To annul; to take into consideration a
newed. tion. second time and rescind; as, to reconsider
RECONCI’LABLE, a. Capable of being, Seventy weeks are determined upon thy peo-| a motion in a legislative body; to recon-
reconciled; capable of renewed friend- ple and upon thy holy city, to finish the trans-|
sider a vote. The vote has been reconsid-
ship. The parties are not reconcilable. gression and to make an end of sin, and to!
ered, that is, rescinded.
con-
9, That may be made to agree or be
make. reconciliation for iniquity. Dan. ix.
|| Heb. ii. RE€CONSIDERA’TION, n. A renewed
sistent; consistent. 3. Agreement of things seemingly opposite, consideration or review in the mind.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships) different or inconsistent. Rogers. 2, A second consideration ; annulment ; re-
are reconcilable. Arbuthnot.
differ-| RECONCILIATORY, a. Able or tending scision.
3. Capable of being adjusted ; as, the to reconcile. FHiall. RECONSID/ERED, pp. Considered again;
ence between the parties is reconcilable.
RECONCI/LABLENESS, n. The quality) RECONCILING, ppr. Bringing into favor
rescinded.
RECONSID’ERING, — ppr. Considering
of being reconcilable ; consisteney ; asthe and friendship after variance ; bringing to
again ; rescinding.
reconcilableness of parts of Scripture: which4 content or satisfaction ; showing to be
apparently disagree. consistent; adjusting ;making to agree. RECON’SOLATE, v. t. To console or com-
p|
9, Possibility of being restored to friendshi RECONDENSA’TION, n. The act of re- fort again. [.Vot in use.] Wotton.
and harmony. condensing. RECONVE'NE, v. #. [re and convene.] To
RECONCILE, [Fr. reconcilier ; L.| RECONDENSE, v. t. recondens'. [re and
». ¢.. convene or call together again.
reconcilio; re and con and
concilio; calo, condense.| 'To condense again. Boyle.| RECONVE'NE, v. 7. To assemble or come
to call, Gr. xarew. The literal sense is to RE€CONDENS’ED, pp. Condensed anew.) together again.
eall back into union.] RECONDENS/ING, ppr. Condensing |RECONVE/NED, pp. Assembled anew.
un-|
To conciliate anew ; to call back into again. REC€CONVE/NING, ppr. Assembling anew.
jon and friendship the affections which: REC/ONDITE, a. [L. reconditus, recondo; RECONVER'SION, n. [re and conversion. |
have been alienated ; to restore to friend-| re and condo, to conceal.] A second conversion. Weever.
to 1. Secret: hidden from the view
ship or favor after estrangement; as, or intel-| RECONVERT,, v. t. [re and convert.] To
reconcile men or parties that have been at lect ; abstruse ; as recondite
causes of convert again.
variance. things. RESONVERT’ED, pp. Converted again.
Go thy way ; first be reconciled to thy broth-| 2. Profound; dealing in things abstruse ; as) RECONVERT'ING, ppr. Converting again.
cc —— Matt. v. recondite studies. RECONVEY, v. t. [re and convey.| To con-
We pray you in Christ’s stead, be ve recon-| RECOND/ITORY, x. [supra.] A reposi- vey back or to its former place; as, to
ciled to God. 2Cor.v. Eph. ii. Col. i. tory ; a store-house or magazine. [Little
ce, content or qui-| reconvey goods.
we. To bring to acquiescen used. | Ash. 2. To transfer back to a former owner; as,
et submission; with fo; as, to reconcile, RECONDUCTY,, v. t. [re and conduct.] To to reconvey an estate.
one’s self to afflictions. It is our duty to) conduct back or again. Dryden.
be reconciled to the dispensations of Provi-| RECONDUCT’ED, pp. Conducted back RECONVEYED, pp. Conveyed back ; trans-
dence. ferred to a former owner.
or again.
NY To make consistent or congruous ; to |RECONDUCT/ING, ppr. Conducting back’ || RECONVEYING, ppr. Conveying back;
bring to agreement or suitableness ; fol- or again. | transferring to a former owner.
RECORD, v.t. [L. recordor, to eall to mind,
lowed by with or lo. RECONFIRM, v. t. [re and confirm.) To
The great men among the ancients under- confirm anew. Clarendon.| to remember, from re and cor, cordis, the
stood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs)
RECONJOIN’, v.t. [re and conjoin.] To heart or mind ; Sp. recordar, to remind, also
of state. Locke.| to awake from sleep; Port. to remind, to
join or conjoin anew. Boyle.
Some figures monstrous and misshap’d ap- con a lesson, or get by heart; Fr. recorder,
RECONJOIN/ED, pp. Joined again.
to con a lesson, also to record.]
\RECONJOIN/ING, ppr. Joining anew.
pear,

Considered singly, or beheld too near ;

 RE C R EC REC
i. To to write or enter RECOUNTED,
register; to enroll; pp. Related or told in de- \2. ‘That may be restored from sickness.
in a book or on parchment, for the pur- tail; recited.
pose of preserving authentic or correct RECOUNT'ING, ppr. Relating in a series;| condition. 3. ‘That may be brought back to a former
evidence of a thing; as, to record the pro- narrating. | A prodigal course
ceedings of a court; to record a deed or RECOUNT’MENT, n. Relation in detail: Is like the sun’s, but not like his recoverable.
lease ; to record historical events. recital. [Little used.] Shak. Shak.
2. To imprint deeply on the mind or mem- RECOURED, for recovered or recured. [Not 4. That may be obtained from a debtor or
ory ; as, to record the sayings of another used. | Spenser. | possessor. The debt is recoverable.
in the heart. Locke. RECOURSE, n. [Fr. recours ;[tericorso;Sp. RECOVERED, pp. Regained; restored
3. To cause to be remembered. recurso ; 1. recursus ; re and cursus, curro, obtained by judicial decision.
So ev’n and morn recorded the third day. torun.| Literally, a running back; a re- RECOVEREE,, n. In law, the tenant or
Milton.) turn. person against whom a judgment is
ob-
4. To recite; to repeat. [Vol in use.] 1. Return ;new attack. [Not in use.] tained in common recovery. Blackstone.
Fairfac. Brown. RECOVERING, ppr. Regaining ;obtaining
5. To call to mind. [ot in use.] 2. A going to with a request or application, in return or by judgment in law ; regain-
Spenser. as for aid or protection, Children have re- ing health.
RECORD’, v. %. To sing or repeat a tune. course to their parents for assistance. RECOVEROR, n. In law, the demandan
t
[Vol in use.] Shak. 3. Application of efforts, art or labor. The or person who obtains a judgment
in his
RECORD, n. A register; an authentic or general had recourse to stratagem to effect favor in common recovery. Blackstone.
official copy of any writing, or account of; his purpose. RECOVERY, n. The act of regaining, a re-
any facts and proceedings, os.
$5 entered in a.! Our last recourse is therefore to our art. taking or obtaining possession of any thing
. .
book for preservation ; or the book con-) Dryden. lost. The crusades were intended for the
taining such copy or account; as the rec-) 4. Access. [Little used.] recovery of the holy land from the Sara-
ords of statutes or of judicial courts; the, 5. Frequent passage. Shak. cens. We offer a reward for the recovery
records uf a town or parish. Records are! RECOURSE, v. 2 To return. [Nol used.] of stolen goods.
properly the registers of official transac-| Fox. 2. Restoration from sickness or apparent
tions, made by officers appointed for the RECOURSEFUL, a. Moving alternately. | death. The patient has a slow recovery
purpose, or by the officer whose proceed-, Not in use.} Drayton. from a fever. Recovery from a pulmonary
ings are directed by law to be recorded. RECOVER, v. t. [Fr. recouvrer; It. ricove- affection is seldom to be expected. Direc-
|
. Authentic memorial; as the records of rare or ricuperare; Sp. Port. recobrar; L. tions are given for the recovery of drowned
past ages. |
recupcro ; re and capio, to take. } persons,
Court ofrecord, isa court whose acts and ju- - To regain; to get or obtain that which 3. The capacity of being restored to health.
|

dicial proceedings are enrolled on parch- || was lost; as, to recover stolen goods; to| The patient is past recovery.
ment or in books for a perpetual memori- recover a town or territory which an ene- 4. The obtaining of right to something
by a
al; and their records are the highest evi- my bad taken ; to recover sight or senses; verdict and judgment of court from an op-
dence of facts, and their truth cannot be to recover health or strength after sick- posing party in a suit; as the recovery of
ealled in question. ness. debt, damages and costs by a plaintif; the
Debt of record, is a debt which appears to be David recovéred all that the Amalekites had recovery of cost by a defeudant; the recov-
carried away. 1 Sam. xxx.
due by the evidence of a court of record, |:Ww ery of land in ejectment.
as upon a judgment or a recognizance. . To restore from sickness; as, to recover Common recovery, in
law, is a species of as-
one from leprosy. 2 Kings v.
Blackstone. |: surance by matter of record, or a suit or
Trial by record, is where a matter of record . ‘Lo revive trom apparent death; as, to re- action, actual or fictitious, by which lands
cover a drowned man. are recovered against the tenant of the
is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads)
- To regain by reparation; to repair the
that there is no such record. In this case,| freehold ;which recovery binds all per-
the trial is by inspection of the record it- loss of, or to repair an injury done by neg- sous, and vests an absolute fee simple in
self, no other evidence being admissible. | lect; as, to recover lost time. the recoveror. Blackstone.
Good men have lapses and failings to lament i}i}
Blackstone.| and recover. Rogers. IRE€’REANT, a. (Norm. recreant, coward-
RECORDA’TION, n. [L. recordatio.] Re- |. To regain a former state by liberation ly, properly crying out, from recrier ; that
membrance. [Vol in use.] from capture or possession. is, begging. See Craven.]
Shak. Wolton.| That they may recover themselves out of the I. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the
RECORDED, pp. Registered ; officially en-, snare of the devil. 2 Tim. ii. trial by battel; yielding ;hence, coward-
tered in a book or on parchment; imprint-| » To gain as a compensation; to obtain in ly ;mean spirited. Blackstone.
ed on the memory. return for injury or debt; as, to recover 2. Apostate; false.
RECORD’ER, n. A person whose official damages in trespass; to recover debt and | Who for so many benefits reeciv’d,
duty is to register writings or transactions ; cost in a suit at law. Turn’d recreant to God, ingrate and false.
one who enrolls or records. “2. To reach; to come to. Milton.
2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the The forest is not three leagues off; |REC/REANT, n. One who yields in com-
bat and cries craven; one who begs for
rolls or records, or who is invested with If we recover that, we’re sure enough.
judicial powers. Shak. mercy ; hence, a mean spirited, cowardly
3. Formerly, a Kind of flute, flageolet or . To obtain title to by judgment in a court wretch. Blackstone.
wind instrument. of law ; as, to recover lands in ejectment or REC’/REATE, v. t. [L. recreo: re and creo,
The figures of recorders, flutes and pipes are! common recovery. to create; Fr. recreer; It. ricreare; Sp.
straight ; but the recorder hath a less bore and a) RECOVER, v. i. To regain health after sick- recrear. |
greater above and below. Bacon., hess; to grow well; followed by of or 1. To refresh after toil; to reanimate, as
RECORD 'ING, ppr. Registering ; enrolling; from. languid spirits or exhausted strength ; to
imprinting on the memory. Go, inquire of Baalzebub, the god of Ekron, amuse or divert in weariness.
RECOUCH, v. i. [re and couch.] To retire! whether t shall recover of this disease. 2 Kings i. Painters when they work on white grounds,
again to a lodge, as lions. Wotton. 2. To regain a former state or condition af- place before them colors mixed with blue and
RECOUNT, v.t. [Fr. reconter ; Sp. recontar; ter misfortune ; as, to recover from a state green, to recreate their eyes. Dryden.
It. raccontare ; re and count. | of poverty or depression. St. John is said to have recreated himself
To relate in detail; to recite; to tell or nar- 3. To obtain a judgment in Jaw; to succeed! with sporting with a tame partridge. Taylor.
rate the particulars; to rehearse. ina lawsuit. The plaintif has recovered 2. 'To gratify ; to delight.
Say from these glorious seeds what harvest, in his suit. These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with
flows, RECOVERABLE, a. That may be regained|| their aromatic scent. More.
Recount our blessings, and compare our woes, or recovered. Goods lost or sunk in the 3. To relieve ; to revive; as, to recreate the
Dryden! ocean are not recoverable.
lungs with fresh air. Harvey.
 REC REC REC
RECREATE, v. 7. To take recreation. wasted. We say, food recrwits the flesh; 3. To rectify the globe, is to bring the sun‘s
Addison. fresh air and exercise recruit the spirits. place in the ecliptic on the globe to the
RE-€REA’TE, v.t. To create or form anew. Her cheeks glow the brighter, reeruiting brass meridian. Bailey.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of their color. Granville. REC’TIFYING, ppr. Correcting ;amend-
reinforcing, it was necessary to re-create the) 2. To supply with new men any deficiency ing; refining by repeated distillation or
army. Marshall. | of troops ; as, to recruit an army. sublimation.
RE€/REATED, pp. Refreshed; diverted ;|RECRUIT, v. 7. To gain new supplies of! REC€TILIN’EAL, ?_ [L. rectus, right, and
amused ; gratified. any thing wasted; to gain flesh, health, IREETILIN'EAR, §“ linea, line.]
RE-€REA’TED, pp. Created or formed spirits, &c.; as, lean cattle recruit in fresh \Right lined ; consisting of a right line or of
anew. pastures. right lines; straight; as a rectilinear fig-
RE€/REATING, ppr. Refreshing after toil ; 2. To gain new supplies of men; to raise ure or course; a rectilinear side or way.
reanimating the spirits or strength ; di- new soldiers. Addison. Newton.
verting ; amusing. RECRUIT, n. The supply of any thing RE€TILIN’EOUS, a. Rectilinear. Obs.
RE-€REA/TING, ppr. Creating or forming wasted ; chiefly, a new raised soldier to Ray.
anew. supply the deficiency of an army. RE€/TITUDE, z. [Fr. from L. rectus, right,
RE€REA/TION, n. Refreshment of the RECRUITED, pp. Furnished with new straight ; It. rettitudine; Sp. rectitud; lit-
strength and spirits after toil; amusement ; supplies of what is wasted. erally straightness, but not applied to ma-
diversion. South. RECRUITING, ppr. Furnishing with fresh terial things.]
2. Relief from toil or pain; amusement in supplies; raising new soldiers for an ar- In morality, rightness of principle or prac-
sorrow or distress. Sidney. my. tice ; uprightness of mind ; exact conform-
RE-€REA’TION, n. A forming anew. REERUITING, xn. The business of raising ity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for
RE€’/REATIVE, a. Refreshing ;giving new new soldiers to supply the loss of men in moral conduct, either by divine or human
vigor or animation ; giving relief after la- an army. laws. Rectitude of mind is the disposi-
bor or pain; amusing ; diverting. Choose REERUITMENT, n. The act or business tion to act in conformity to any known
of raising new supplies of men for an ar-
Walsh. | tude of conduct is the actual conformi
such sports as are recreative and healthful. standard of right, truth or justice; recti-
Let the music be recreative. Bacon. my.
RECRYS’TALIZE, v. 1. To crystalize a) to such standard. Perfect rectitude be-
RE€’/REATIVELY, adv. With recreation second time. Henry.
or diversion. Sherwood. RE€T/ANGLE, n. [Fr. from L. rectangulus ; longs only to the Supreme Being. The
RE€/REATIVENESS, x. The quality of more nearly the rectitude of men approach-
rectus, right, and angulus, angle. | es to the standard of the divine law, the
being refreshing or diverting. 1. A right angled parallelogram.
RE€/REMENT, n. [L. recrementum ; prob- 2. In arithmetic, the product of two lines} more exalted and dignified is their char-
ably re and cerno, to secrete.] acter. Want of rectitude is not only sin-
multiplied into each other. Bailey. ful, but debasing.
Superfluous matter separated from that
which is useful; dross; scoria; spume ; RE€T/ANGLED, a. Having right angles,
There is a sublimity in conscious rectitude—
or angles of ninety degrees. in comparison with which the treasures ofearth
as the recrement of ore or of the blood. are not worth naming. J. Hawes.
RECREMENT’AL, RE€TAN’GULAR, a. Right angled ; hav-
RE€REMENTI’ TIAL,
Drossy ;con-
a ‘sisting of su- ing angles of ninety degrees. Wotton. RE€’TOR, n. [L. rector, from rego, rectum,
to rule; Fr. rectewr ; It. rettore.]
REECREMENTI’TIOUS, (RECTAN’/GULARLY, adv. With or at!) 1, A ruler or governor.
perfluous matter separated from that which) right angles. Brown. God is the supreme rector of the world.
is valuable. Fourcroy. | RE€TIFIABLE, a. [from rectify.) That Hale.
RECRIMINATE, v. 7. [Fr. recriminer ; L. may be rectified ; capable of being cor- [This application ofthe word is unusual. }
re and criminor, to accuse. | rected or set right ; as a rectifiable mistake.) 2. A clergyman who has the charge and
1. To return one accusation with another. RECTIFICATION, n. [Fr. See Rectify.] cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c. ;
It is not my business to recriminate. or the parson of an unimpropriated par-
Stillingfleet. 1. The act or operation of correcting, amend-|
ish. Blackstone.
2. To charge an accuser with the like crime. ing or setting right that which is wrong or||
RE€RIM'INATE, v. t. To accuse in return. erroneous; as the rectification of errors,||3- The chief elective officer of some univer-
mistakes or abuses. Forbes. sities, as in France and Scotland. The
South. same title was formerly given to the pres-
RECRIMINATING, ppr. Returning one . In chimistry, the process of refining or pu-
rifying any substance by repeated distilla- ident of a college in New England, but it
accusation with another. is now in disuse. In Scotland, it is still
REE€RIMINA’TION, n. The return of one} tion, which separates the grosser parts;
as the rectification of spirits or sulphuric the title of the head master of a principal
accusation with another. school.
2. In law, an accusation brought by the ac- acid. Nicholson. Encye.
4, The superior officer or chief of a convent
cused against the accuser upon the same| RE€’TIFIED, pp. Corrected; set or made or religious house; and among the Jesuits,
fact. Encye. right; refined by repeated distillation or
sublimation. the superior of a house that is a seminary
RECRIMINATOR, n. He that accuses the or college. Eneye.
accuser of a like crime. RE€’TIFIER, n. One that corrects or
amends. Bailey. RE€’TORAL, ba Pertaining to a rector.
RECRIMINATORY, a. Retorting accusa- RE€TO’RIAL, § ” Blackstone.
tion. Burke. 2. One who refines a substance by repeated RE€’/TORSHIP, n. The office or rank ofa
RE€ROSS,, v. t. To cross a second time. distillations.
rector. Shak.
Washington. 3. An instrument that shows the vanienen RE€’TORY, x. A parish church, parson-
of the compass, and rectifies the course o
RECROSS/ED, pp. Crossed a second time. age or spiritual living, with all its rights,
RECROSS/ING, ppr. Crossing a second a ship. Encyc.
tithes and glebes. Encye.
time. RE€'TIFY, v. ¢. [Fr. rectifier ; It. rettificare ;| 2. A rector’s mansion or parsonage house.
RECRUDES/CENCE, [from L. recru- Sp. rectificar ;L. rectus, right, and facto, to Encyc.
RE€RUDES/CENCY, ™- descens; re and make. | IREC'TRESS, ? | [L. reetrix.] A governess.
crudesco, to grow raw ; crudus, raw.]} 1. To make right; to correct that which is) REGITRIX, § B. Jonson.
The state of becoming sore again. — Bacon. wrong, erroneous or false; to amend; as,|
RECRUDES/CENT, a. Growing raw, sore to rectify errors, mistakes or abuses; to) RE€’/TUM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the third
or painful again. rectify the will, the judgment, opinions ;) : | and last of the large intestines. Encye.
RECRUIT, v.t. [Fr. recruter ; It. reclutare; to rectify disorders. Hooker. Addison.| IRECUBA’TION, n. [L. recubo; re and cubo,
Sp. reclutar; Port. reclutar or recrutar ; 2. In chimistry, to refine by repeated distilla- | to lie down.]
from the root of Fr. recroitre ; re and croitre,}| tion or sublimation, by which the fine The act of lying or leaning. [Litile used.|
to grow, L. cresco; It. ricrescere, to in- | parts of a substanee are separated from | Brown.
crease.| the grosser ; as, to recti/y spirit or wine. RECU'LE, v.7. To recoil. [Motused. See
1, To repair by fresh supplies any thing gneye.!) Recoil.) Barret,
 REC RED RED

RECUMB,, v. i. [L. recumbo ; re and cumbo, RECURV/OUS, a. [L. recurvus.] Bent; Red book of the exchequer, an ancient Kug
backwards. Derham. lish record or manuseript containing vari-
to lie down.] To lean; to recline; to re-
ous treatises relating to the times before
pose. Alien. IRECU/SANCY, n. Non-conformity. [See
the conquest. Encyc.
RECUMB‘ENCE, 2x. [from L. recumbens. |) Recusant.} Coke.)
Red men, red people, red children, the aborig-
The act of reposing or resting im conti- IRECU'/SANT, a. s asz. [L. recusans, recu- inals of America, as distinguished from
dence. Ld. North. so, to refuse ; re and the root of causa, sig-|
the whites. Rawle.
RECUMB/ENCY, n. The posture of lean- nifying to drive. The primary sense is to
RED, n. A red color; as a brighter color,
ing, reclining or lying. Brown. repel or drive back.]
2. Rest; repose; idle state. Locke. Refusing to acknowledge the suprem acy of| the best of all the reds. Newton.
RECUMB/ENT, a. [L. recumbens.] Lean- the king, or to conform to the establish- REDA€T’, v. t. [L.redactus, redigo ; red, re,
ed rites of the church; as a recusant lord. |
and ago.|
ing; reclining; as the recumbent posture [.Vot used.]
of the Romans at their meals. Clarendon. To force ; to reduce to form.
Drummond.
2. Reposing ; inactive; idle. Young. RECU/SANT, n. [supra.] In English his-|
RED’/AN, x. [written sometimes redené and
RECUPERATION, n. (L. recuperatio.] Re- tory, a person who refuses to acknowledge redens ; said to be contracted from L. re-
covery, as of any thing lost. the supremacy of the king in matters of cedens. Lunier.]
RECU/PERATIVE, 2, Tending to recov- religion; as a popish recusant, who ac- In fortification, a work indented, or formed
RECU/PERATORY, § “ ery ; pertaining to} knowledges the supremacy of the pope. with salient and re-entering angles, so that
|
recovery. Encye. one part may flank and defend another.
RECUR, v. i. [L. recurro; re and curro, to 2. One who refuses communion with the
Lumer. Encyc.
run; Fr. recourir.] church of England; a non-conformist.
1. To return to the thought or mind.
RED‘ARGUE, v. t. [L. redarguo; red, re,
All that are recusants of holy rites. and arguo.| To retute. [Not in use.]
When any word has been used to signify an| Holyday. Hakewill.
idea, the old idea will recur in the mind, when|!
the word is heard. Watts.|, RE€USA’TION, n. [L. recusatio.] Refusal.
REDARGU’TION, x. [supra.] Refatation ;
2. In law, the act of refusing a judge, or conviction. [Not in use.| Bacon.
. To resort; to have recourse.
challenging that he shall not try the cause, RED/-BERRIED, a. Having or bearing red
If to avoid succession in eternal existence,| on account of his supposed partiality. berries ; as red-berried shrub cassia.
they recur to the punctum stans of the schools,|, Miller.
they will very little help us to a more positive), [This practice is now obsolete.}
idea of infinite duration. Locke.) Blackstone. RED-BIRD, n. The popular name ofseve-
RE€U'SE, v.t. sasz. [L. recuso.] To re- ral birds in the U. States. as the Tanagra
RECU’RE, v. t. [re and cure.] To cure; to estiva or summer red-bird, the Tanagra
recover. [Vol in use.] Spenser.) fuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge rubra, and the Baltimore oriole or hang-
RE€URE, n. Cure; recovery. [Vot in|! that the judge shall not try the cause. nest.
use. | Knolles.|) [The practice and the word are obsolete.| RED’/BREAST, n. A bird so called from
RE€U/RELESS, a. Incapable of cure or}! Digby.
the color of its breast, a species of Mota-
remedy. [JVot in use.] Bp. Hail.) [Sax. red, read, and reod, rude, red, | cilla. In America, this name is given to
RECUR/RENCE, {See Recur.} Re-|| ruddy ; D. rood; G. roth; Sw. rod; Dan. the robin, so called, a species of Turdus.
RECUR/RENCY, t™- turn; as the recur-| rod ; Corn. rydh ; Iv. rwadh ; Arm. ruydh ; RED’BUD, n. A plant or tree of the genus
rence of error. Brown, W. rhuz, red, ruddy; Sans. rohida ; Russ. Cercis. Fam. of Plants.
2. Resort ; the having recourse. rdeyu, to redden; Gr. «pv9pos, red, and RED-CHALK, n. A kind of clay iron-
RECUR/RENT, a. [L. recurrens.] Returv-|| stone; reddle. Ure.
ing from time to time; as recurrent pains podor, a rose, from its color; Ar.
ee, RED/-€OAT, n. A name given to a soldier
ofa disease. Harvey. warada, to be present, to enter, to descend, who wears a red coat. Dryden.
2. In crystalography, a recurrent crystal is), to come, to invade, to blossom, to stain REDDEN, v. t. red'n. [from red.] 'To make
one whose faces, being counted in annular} with a rose color, to bring to be of a red red. Dryden.
ranges from one extremity to the other,} Sue REDDEN, v. i. red/n. To grow or become
furnish two different numbers which suc- color; deriv. a rose, the Gr. podor ;) red.
ceed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4, ale) —The coral redden and the ruby glow.
8, 4. Ch. 1) a rose; Syr. nearly the same 3) Pope.
3. In anatomy, the recurrent nerve is a branch Eth. OZL warad, to descend, to bring 2. To blush.
of the par vagum, given off in the upper}, down. These Arabic and Ethiopie words Appius reddens at each word you speak.
part of the thorax, which is reflected and are the Heb. Ch. 1 to descend, to bring Pope.
runs up along the trachea to the larynx. down, and this is radically the same as REDDEND’UM, n. In law, the clause by
Wistar.) mn which is rendered in Hebrew, to de- which rent is reserved in a lease.
RECUR'SION, n. [L. recursus, recurro ; re scend or come down, to decline, to bring REDDISH, a. Somewhat red; moderately
and curro, to run.] Return. [Little used.) down, to subdue, to have dominion; Ch. red. Lev. xiii.
Boyle. like senses, and to correct, to chastise, to RED/DISHNESS, 2. Redness in a mode-
RECURV/ATE, v. t. [L. recwrvo: re and}! expand or open, to flow, to plow : Syr. to rate degree. Boyle.
curvo, to bend.] To bend back. go, to walk, to journey, L. gradior, also to REDDI’TION, n. [L. reddo,to return.] A
Pennant.|| correet, to teach; [qu. L. erudio.] The returning of any thing; restitution ; sur-
RECURV/ATE, a. In botany, bent, bowed|| Arabie gives the sense of rose, which may if render. Howell.
or curved downwards; as a recurvate leaf. be from opening, as blossoms, a sense 2. Explanation ; representation. Milton.
Martyn.|| coinciding with the Chaldee ; and red from RED/DITIVE, a. {L. redditivus, from red-
2. Bent outwards ; as a recurvate prickle,|| the same sense, or from the color of the do.|
awn, petiole, calyx or corol. Martyn. rose. The Greeks called the Arabian Returning ; answering to an interrogative;
RECURVA’TION, A bending or fiex- gulf the Erythrean or Red sea, probably aterm of grammar. Johnson.
RECURVITY, bn. ure backwards. from Edom or Idumea; improperly ap- RED/DLE, n. [from red.] Red chalk, com-
Brown. plying the meaning of Edom, red, to the monly used as a pigment. It is a mine-
RECURVE, v. t. recurv’. [L. recurvo, su- sea, and this improper application has ral of a florid color, but not of a deep red.
pra.] To bend back. come down to the present time. } Nicholson. Hill.
RECURV'ED, pp. Bent back or down- Of a bright color, resembling blood. Red is REDE, n. [Sax. rad.} Counsel; advice.
wards; as a recurved leaf. Martyn. a simple or primary color, but of several Obs. Shak.
RECURV IROSTER, x. [L. recurvus, bent different shades or hues, as scarlet, crim- REDE, v.t. To counsel or advise. Obs.
back, and rostrum, a beak. son, vermilion, orange red, &c. We say, Spenser.
A fowl! whose beak or bill bends upwards, red color, red cloth, red flame, red eyes, red REDEE'M, v. t. [L. redimo; red, re, and
as the avoset. cheeks, red lead, &c. emo, to obtain or purchase. |
 RED RED RED
1. To purchase back ; to ransom; to liber- or from the possession of another, by pay- \\6. In theology, the purchase of God’s favor
ate or rescue from captivity or bondage, ing an equivalent. by the death and sufferings of Christ; the
or from any obligation or lability to suf- REDEEMER, n. One who redeems or) ransom or deliverance of sinners from the
fer or to be forfeited, by paying an equiv- ransoms. bondage of sin and the penalties of God’s
alent; as, to redeem prisoners or captured 2. The Savior of the world, Jesus Curis’. violated law by the atonement of Christ.
goods; to redeem a pledge. REDEE/MING, ppr. Ransoming ; procur- Dryden. Nelson.
To repurchase what has been sold; to re- ing deliverance from captivity, capture, In whom we have redemption through his
gain possession of a thing alienated, by bondage, sin, distress or liability to suffer, blood. Eph.i. Col. i.
repaying the value of it to the possessor. by the payment of an equivalent. REDEMP’TIONER, n. One who redeems
If a man [shall] sell a dwelling house in a REDELIB/ERATE, v. i. [re and deliberate.|
walled city, then he may redeem it within a
himself, or purchases his release from debt
To deliberate again. or obligation to the master of a ship by his
whole year after it is sold. Lev. xxv. REDELIB/ERATE, v. t. To reconsider.
To rescue ; to recover ; to deliver from. services ;or one whose services are sold
[Not in use. to pay the expenses of his passage to
Th’ Almighty from the grave REDELIV’/ER, v.¢. [re and deliver.| To America.
Hath me redeem’d. Sandys.
Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troub-
deliver back. i
Ayliffe. REDEMP’TORY, a. Paid for ransom; as
Jes. Ps. xxv. Deut. vii.
2. To deliver again; to liberate a second Hector’s redemptory price. Chapman.
The mass of earth not yet redeemed from time. REDENT’ED, a. Formed like the teeth of
chaos. S. S. Smith. REDELIV’ERANCE, n. A second deliv- asaw ; indented.
To compensate; to make amends for. erance. REDESCEND,, v. i. [re and descend.] To
It is a chance which does redeem all sor- REDELIV/ERED, pp. Delivered back; descend again. Howell.
rows. Shak. liberated again. REDESCEND/ING, ppr. Descending again.
By lesser ills the greater to redeem. REDELIV’ERING, ppr. Delivering back; |RED/EYE, n. [red and eye.} A fish ofa red
Dryden. liberating again. color, particularly the iris.
on To free by making atonement. REDELIV’‘ERY, n. The act of delivering RED‘GUM, n. A disease of new born in-
Thou hast one daughter back; also, a second delivery or libera-
Who redeems nature from the general curse. fants; an eruption of red pimples in early
Shak. tion. infaney. Good.
REDEM‘AND, v. t. [ve and demand; Fr. RED/-HAIRED, a. Having hair of a red
To pay the penalty of. redemander. | or sandy color.
Which of you will be mortal to redeem To demand back ; to demand again. RED/-HOT, n. Red with heat; heated to
Man’s mortal crime ? Milton. Addison. redness; as red-hot iron; red-hot balls.
~ . Tosave. REDEM'‘AND, n. A demanding — back RED‘IENT, a. [L. rediens, redeo, to return. |
He could not have redeemed a portion of his | again. Returning. EE. H. Smith.
time for contemplating the powers of nature. IREDEM‘ANDABLE, a. That may be de- REDIGEST’, v. ¢. To digest or reduce to
S. S. Smith. manded back. forma second time. Kent.
fo.) To perform what has been promised ; to | REDEM‘ANDED, pp. Demanded back or REDIGEST’ED, pp. Digested again.
make good by performance. He has re-|| | again. | REDIGEST’ING, ppr. Digesting a second
deemed his pledge or promise. IREDEM'‘ANDING, ppr. Demanding back time; reducing again to order.
9
— In law, to recall an estate, or to obtain or again. |REDIN'TEGRATE,
| v. t. [L. redintegro:
the right to re-enter upon a mortgaged IREDEMI'SE, v. t. s asz. [re and demise.]) red, re, and tntegro, from integer, whole. |
estate by paying to the mortgagee his To convey or transfer back, as an estate To make whole again; to renew; to restore
principal, interest, and expenses or costs. in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a term of to a perfect state. B. Jonson.
Blackstone.| years. Encye. REDIN’TEGRATE, a. Renewed; restored
10. In theology, to rescue and deliver from |REDEMI/SE, n. Reconveyance ; the trans- to wholeness ora perfect state. Bacon.
the bondage of sin and the penalties of) fer of an estate back to the person who REDIN’TEGRATED, pp. Renewed; re-
God’s violated law, by obedience and suf- has demised it; as the demise and rede- stored to entireness.
fering in the place of the sinner, or by do-| mise of an estate in fee simple, fee tail, or REDIN'TEGRATING, ppr. Restoring to
ing and suffering that which is accepted for life or years, by mutual leases. a perfect state.
in lieu of the sinner’s obedience. Encye. REDINTEGRA’TION, x2. Renovation:
Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of restoration to a whole or sound state.
the law, being made a curse for us.
|\REDEMIUSED, pp. Reconveyed, as an es-
Gal. iii.!|
oh Decay of Piety.
Tit. ii. j | tate.
11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the REDEMUSING, ppr. Reconveying. 2. In chinistry, the restoration of any mixed
value in specie. of any promissory note, REDEMP’TION, n. [Fr.; It. redenzione; body or matter to its former nature and
bill or other evidence of debt, given by the) Sp. redencion; from L. redemptio. See} constitution. Coxe.
state, by a company or corporation, or by} Redeem.|
REDISBURSE, v. t. redisburs’. [re and dis-
an individual. The credit of a state, a) . Repurchase of captured goods or prison-
burse.] To repay or refund. Spenser.
banking company or individuals, is good, ers; the act of procuring the deliverance REDISPOSE, v. t. s as [re and dis-
of persons or things from the possession pose.| To dispose or adjust again.
when they can redeem all their stock,)
notes or bills, at par. and power of captors by the payment of Bacter.
To redeem lime, is to use more diligence in| an equivalent ; ransom ; release ; as the /REDISPO’SED, pp. Disposed anew.
the improvement of it; to be diligent and redemption of prisoners taken in war; the REDISPO'SING, ppr. Disposing or adjust-
active in duty and preparation. Eph. vy. redemption of aship and cargo. ing anew.
,EDEE/MABLE, a. That may be redeem- Deliverance from bondage, distress, or REDISSE/IZIN, n. [re and disseizin.] In
ed; capable of redemption. from liability to any evil or forfeiture, ei- law, a writ of redisseizin, is a writ to re-
2. That may be purchased or paid for in ther by money, labor or other means. cover seizin of lands or tenements
gold and silver, and brought into the pos-||”" Repurchase, as of lands alienated. Lev. against a redisseizor.
session of government or the original| XXV. Jer. XXxXil. REDISSE’IZOR, n. [re and disseizor.] A
promiser. | . The liberation of an estate from a mort- person who disseizes lands or tenements
The capital of the debt of the United States: gage; or the purchase of the right to re- a second time, or after a recovery of the
may be considered in the light of an annuity! enter upon it by paying the principal sum} saine from him in an action of novel dis-
redeemable at the pleasure of the government.) for which it was mortgaged, with interest! seizin. Blackstone.
sieboge 3 Hamilton. and cost; also, the right of redeeming and), REDISSOLVE, »v. t. redizolv’. [re and dis-
REDEE/MABLENESS aa The The state of | re-entering. solve.| To dissolve again.
being reedeemable. i=
Repurchase of notes, bills or other evi- REDISSOLV’ED, pp. Dissolved a second
REDEEMED, pp. tansomed ; delivered) dence of debt by paying their value in| Time,
from bondage, distress, penalty, liability,|! specie to their holders. REDISSOLVING, ppr, Dissolving again,
 RED R ED RED
REDISTRIB'UTE, vw. t. [re and distribute.] to foes; as a redoubtable hero. Hence the RED‘SHORT, a. [red and short.] Brittle, or
To distribute again; to deal back again. | implied sense is valiant. Pope. breaking short when red hot, as a metal:
Coigrave. REDOUT’ED, a. Formidable. [Not in use.]| a term of workmen.
REDISTRIBUTED, pp. Distributed again | Spenser. Shak.| RED/START, [red and start, Sax. steort,
or back. IRED/POLE, n. A bird with a red head or RED‘TAIL, §"atail.] A bird of the ge-
REDISTRIB'UTING, _ ppr. Distributing || poll, of the genus Fringilla. nus Motacilla.
again or back. REDR‘AFT, v. t. [re and draft.] To draw or RED/STREAK, n. [red and streak.] A sort
REDISTRIBUTION, x. A dealing back, | draft anew. of apple, so called from its red streaks.
or a second distribution. REDR‘AFT, n. A second draft or copy. Mortimer.
RED/-LEAD, n. red-led. [red and lead.| Mi- 2. In the French commercial code, a new bill 2. Cider pressed from the red streak apples.
nium, or red oxyd of lead, composed of), of exchange which the holder ofa protest-| Smith.
88 parts of lead and 12 of oxygen. ed bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, REDU’CE, v. ¢. [L. reduco; re and duco, to
RED'LY, adv. With redness. Colgrave. | by which he reimburses to himself’ the lead or bring ; Fr. reduire; It. riducere or
REDNESS, n. [Sax. readnesse. See Red.] amount of the protested bill with costs and ridurre ; Sp. reducir.]
The quality of being red; red color. charges. Walsh. 1. Literally, to bring back; as, to reduce
Spectator. REDRAPTED, pp. Drafted again; trans- these bloody days again. Shak.
RED/OLENCE, n, Lfrom redolent.| Sweet cribed into a new copy. [In this sense, not in use.]
RED'OLENCY, § “scent. REDRAP TING, ppr. Redrawing ;drafting 2. To bring to a former state.
Boyle. Mortimer.}| or transcribing again. It were but just
RED/OLENT, a. [L. redolens, redoleo ; red, REDRAW,, v. t. [re and draw.] To draw And equal to reduce me to my dust.
re, and oleo, to smell.) again. In commerce, to draw a new billof| Milton.
Having or diffusing a sweet scent. exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, co To bring to any state or condition, good
Sandys.|, on the drawer or indorsers. Walsh. or bad ; as, to reduce civil or ecclesiastical
REDOUBLE, v. t. redub/l. [re and double.} 2. 'To draw a second draft or copy. affairs to order ; to reduce a man to pov-
1. To repeat in return. Spenser. REDRESS’, v. t. [Fr. redresser ; re and) erty ; to reduce a state to distress; to re-
2. To repeat often ; as, to redouble blows. | dress.] | duce a substance to powder; to reduce a
Shak. 1. To set right; to amend. sum to fractions ; to reduce one to despair.
3. To increase by repeated or continued ad-| In yonder spring of roses, . To diminish in length, breadth, thick-
ditions. | Find what to redress till noon. Milton. ness, size, quantity or value; as, to reduce
And A8tna rages with redvubl’d heat. Un this sense, as applied to material; expenses ; to reduce the quantity of any
Addison. things, rarely used.] thing; to reduce the intensity of heat; to
REDOUBLE, v. i. redubil. To become twice 2. To remedy ; to repair; to relieve from, reduce the brightness of color or light; to
as much. and sometimes to indemnify for; as, to re- reduce a sum or amount; to reduce the
‘The argument redoubles upon us. | dress wrongs; to redress injuries; to re- price of goods.
Spectator.|| dress grievances. Sovereigns are bound . 'To lower; to degrade ; to impair in dig-
REDOUBLED, pp. redub/ld. Repeated in) to protect their subjects, and redress their nity or excellence. a
return; repeated over and over; increas- grievances, Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten
ed by repeated or continued additions. 3. 'To ease ; to relieve; as, she labored to re- on something belonging to it, to reduce it.
REDOUBLING, ppr. redub/ling. Repeat-|
dress my pain. Sidney. Tillotson.
ing in return ; repeating again and again; [We use this verb before the person or the To subdue ; to bring into subjection. The
increasing by repeated or continued addi-| thing. We say, to redress an injured per- Romans reduced Spain, Gaul and Britain
tions. son, or to redress the injury. The latter is by their arms. :
REDOUND,, v. @. [It. ridondare ;L. redun- most common. | - To reclaim to order. Milton.
do ; red, re, and wndo, to rise or swell, as REDRESS’, n. Reformation; amendment. To bring, as into a class, order, genus or
waves. | For us the more necessary is a speedy redress) species; to bring under rules or within
1. To be sent, rolled or driven back. of ourselves. Hooker. certain limits of description; as, to reduce
The evil, soon [This sense is now unusual.] animals or vegetables to a class or classes;
Driven back, redounded as a flood on those 2. Relief; remedy ; deliverance from wrong, to reduce men to tribes ; to reduce language
From whom it sprung. Milton. injury or oppression; as the redress o to rules.
2. To conduce in the consequence; to con- | grievances. We applied to government, In arithmetic, to change numbers from
tribute ; to result. but could obtain no redress. one denomination into another without al-
The honor done to our religion ultimately re- There is occasion for redress when the cry is tering their value ; or to change numbers
dounds to God, the author of it. Rogers. | universal. Davenant. of one denomination into others of the
3. To proceed in the consequence or effect ; Reparation ; indemnification. (This sense same value; as, to reduce a dollar to a hun-
to result. is often directly intended or implied in re- dred cents, or a hundred cents to a dollar.
There will no small use redound from themdress.| 10. In algebra, to reduce equations, is to clear
to that manufacture. 4. One who gives relief.
Addison. them of all superfluous quantities, bring
REDOUND‘ING, ppr. Conducing ; contrib- Fair majesty, the refuge and redress them to their lowest terms, and separate
uting ; resulting. Of those whom fate pursues and wants op- the known from the unknown, till at
ress. Dryden. length the unknown quantity only is found
REDOUT’, n. [It. ridotio, a shelter, a re- |/REDRESS’ED, pp. Remedied; set right; on one side and the known ones on the
treat ; Sp. reducto; Port. reduto, reducto or relieved ; indemnified. other. Encye.
redutto ; Fr. redoute, reduit; L. reductus. REDRESS/ER, n. One who gives redress
reduco, to bring back; literally a retreat. REDRESS/ING, ppr. Setting right ; reliev- 11. In metallurgy, to bring back metallic sub-
The usual orthography, redoubl, is egre-|| | ing; indemnifying. stances which have been divested of their
giously erroneous. |] form, into their original state of metals.
REDRESS/IVE, a. Affording relief. Encye.
In fortifications an outwork; a small square Thomson.
12. In surgery, to restore to its proper place
ort without any defense, except in front; REDRESS’LESS, a. Without amendment
or state a dislocated or fractured bone.
used in trenches, lines of circumvallation, without relief. Sherwood. i To reduce a figure, design or draught, to make
contravallation and approach, to defend
REDSE’AR, v. i. [ved and sear.] To break a copy of it larger or smaller than the
passages, &c. Encye. or crack when too hot, as iron under the) original, but preserving the form and pro-
REDOUT’ABLE, a. [Fr. from redouter, to hammer ; a term of workmen. Moron. | portion. Encye.
fear or dread, Arm. dougea, dougein. The RED/SHANK, n. A bird of the genus Sco-
common orthography of this word is in-|){ lopax.
REDU’CED, pp. Brought back; brought to
correct. | a former state ; brought into any state or
. Formidable; that is to be dreaded; terrible
\2. A contemptuous appellation for bare leg- condition; diminished; subdued; impov-
ged persons. Spenser. | erished.
Vol. I. ~
o3
 RED REE REE
REDU'CEMENT, x. The act of bringing 1. Excess or superfluous quantity ;super- 3. A little tube through which a hautboy,
back; the act of diminishing; the act of] fluity ;superabundance ; as a redundancy bassoon or clarinet is blown.
subduing ; reduction. Bacon. of bile. 4, An arrow, as made ofa reed headed.
[This word is superseded by reduction.] Labor throws off redundancies. Addison. Prior.
REDU’CER, n. One that reduces. 2. In discourse, superfluity of words. 5. Thatch. West of England.
Sidney. Encyc. REE/DED, a. Covered with reeds.
REDU'CIBLE, a. That may be reduced. REDUND’/ANT, a. Superfluous; exceeding, Tusser.
All the parts of painting are reducible into what is natural or necessary ; superabund-, 2. Formed with channels and_ ridges like
these mentioned by the author. Dryden. ant; exuberant; as a redundant quantity reeds.
REDU'CIBLENESS, n. The quality of be- of bile or food. TREEDEN, a. ree/dn. Consisting ofa reed or
ing reducible. Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, reeds ; as reeden pipes. Dryden.
REDU'CING, ppr. Bringing back ; bringing they do not encrease fat so much as flesh. REE/DGRASS, n. A plant, bur-reed, of the
to a former state, or to a different state or Arbuthnot. genus Sparganium.
form; diminishing; subduing; impover- Redundant words, in writing or dis- RE-EDIFI€A‘TION, n. [from re-edify.] Act
ishing. course, are such as are synonymous with or operation of rebuilding ; state of being
REDUCET’, v. t. [L. reductus, reduco.] To others used, or such as add nothing to the rebuilt. D’Anville, Trans.
reduce. [Volt in use.| Warde. sense or force of the expression. IRE-ED'IFIED, pp. Rebuilt.
REDUCT’, a. In building, a little place 2. Using more words or images than are ne- ee v.t. [Fr. réédifier ; re and ed-
taken out ofa larger to make it more reg- cessary or useful. ify.
ular and uniform, or for some other con- Where an author is redundant, mark those To rebuild; to build again after destruction.
venience. Chambers. paragraphs to be retrenched. Watts.|| Ma Milton.
REDU€’TION, n. [Fr. from L. reductio.| 3. In music, a redundant chord is one which RE-EDIFYING, ppr. Rebuilding.
1. The act of reducing, or state of being re- contains a greater number of tones, semi- REE’DLESS, a. Destitute ofreeds; as reed-
duced ; as the reduction of a body to pow- tones or lesser intervals, than it does in its less banks. May.
der ; the reduction of things to order. natural state, as from fa to sol sharp. It REE’DMACE, n. A plant of the genus
2. Diminution; as the reduction of the ex- is called by some authors, a chord ex-) | Typha. Lee.
penses of government; the reduction of the tremely sharp. Encye. IREE'DY, a. Abounding with reeds; as a
national debt. REDUND’ANTLY, adv. With superfluity reedy pool. Thomson.
Conquest; subjugation; as the reduction or excess; superfluously ; superabund-| REEF, n. (D. reef; Dan. riv or rift; Sw.
of a province to the power of a foreign antly. ref. These words coincide in orthography
nation. REDU’PLI€ATE, v. t. [L. reduplico ; re with the verb to rive, and if from this root,
. In arithmetic, the bringing of numbers of; and duplico. See Duplicate.] the primary sense is a division, W. rhiv
different denominations into one denomi- To double. Pearson. and rhif. Butin Welsh, rhév signifies a
nation ; as the reduction of pounds, ounces, /REDUPLI€CATE, a. Double. collection or bundle, and thick; rhevu, to
penny weights and grains to grains, or the REDUPLI€A/TION, n. The act of doub- thicken in compass ; aud if from this root,
reduction of grains to pounds; the reduc- ling. Digby. | avreefis a fold, and to reefis to fold.]
tion of days and hours to minutes, or of REDU/PLI€ATIVE, a. Double. Watts. \A certain portion of a sail between the top
minutes to hours and days. The change IRED/WING, n. [red and wing.] A bird of or bottom and a row of eyelet holes, which
of numbers of a higher denomination into the genus Turdus. is folded or rolled up to contract the sail,
a lower, as of pounds into pence or far- REE, A small Portuguese coin or mo- when the violence of the wind renders it
things, is called reduction descending ; the RE, bn. ney of account, value about one necessary. Mar. Dict.
change of numbers of a lower denomina- mill and a fourth, American money.
REEF, x. (G. riff; D. rif, a reef or sand
tion into a higher, as of cents into dimes, REE, v. t. [This belongs to the root of rid,
riddle, which see.} bank, a carcass, a skeleton. Qu. W. rhevu,
dollars or eagles, is called reduction as-
to thicken.]
cending. Hence the rule for bringing sums To riddle; to sift; that is, to separate or A chain or range of rocks lying at or near
of different denominations into one de- throw off. [Mol in use or local.)
nomination, is called reduction. Mortimer. the surface of the water. Mar. Dict.
REEF, v. t. [from the noun.} To contract
xd In algebra, reduction of equations is the RE-ECH’O, v. t. [re and echo.} To echo
back; to reverberate again; as, the hills or reduce the extent of a sail by rolling or
clearing of them of all superfluous quanti- folding a certain portion of it and making
ties, bringing them to their lowest terms, re-echa the roar of cannon.
it fast to the yard. Mar. Dict.
and separating the known from the un- RE-E€H’O, v. i. [supra.] To echo back;
known, till the unknown quantity alone is to return back or be reverberated ; as an REE/F-BAND, n. A piece of canvas sewed
found on one side, and the known ones on echo. across a sail, to strengthen it in the part
the other. Encye. And a loud groan re-echoes from the main. where the eyelet holes are formed.
Reduction of a figure, map, &e. is the Pope. REE/FED, pp. Having a portion of the top
making of a copy of it on a smaller or RE-E€H/O, n. The echo of an echo. or bottom folded and made fast to the
larger scale, preserving the form and pro- RE-E€H’OED, pp. [supra.] Returned, as yard.
portions. Encye. sound ; reverberated again. IREE’FING, ppr. Folding and making fast
7. In surgery, the operation of restoring a RE-E€H/OING, ppr. Returning or rever- to the yard, as a portion ofa sail.
~
dislocated or fractured bone to its former berating an echo. REE/F-LINE, n. A small rope formerly us-
place. REECH’Y, a. [a mis-spelling of reeky. See ed to reef the courses by being passed
@ In metallurgy, the operation of bringing Reek.} through the holes of the reef spirally.
metallic substances which have been Tarnished with smoke; sooty; foul; as a Mar. Dict.
changed, or divested of their metallic reechy neck. Shak. REE'/F-TACKLE, n. A tackle upon deck,
form, into their natural and original state REED, n. [Sax. hreod, reod; G. rieth; D. communicating with its pendant, and pass-
of metals. This is called also revivification. riet; Goth. raus; Fr. roseaw; Ir. readan; ing through a block at the top-mast head,
Nicholson. Encye. probably allied to rod.] and through a hole in the top-sail-yard-
REDUC’TIVE, a. (Fr. reductif.] Having the 1. The common name of many aquatic arm, is attached to a ermgle below the
power of reducing. Brevint. plants; most of them large grasses, with lowest reef; used to pull the skirts of the
REDUC’TIVE, n. That which has the pow- hollow jointed stems, such as the com-| top-sails close to the extremities of the
er of reducing. Hale. mon reed of the genus Arundo, the bam- yards to lighten the labor of reefing.
REDUC/TIVELY, adv. By reduction: by boo, &c. The bur-reed is of the genus) Mar. Dict.
consequence. Hammond. Sparganium ; the Indian flowering reed of REEK, n. [Sax. rec; D. rook; G. rauch:
REDUND/ANCE, 2 (L. redundantia, red- the genus Canna. | Sw. rék; Dan. rég.]
REDUND/ANCY, undo. See Re- 2 A musical pipe; reeds being anciently jl. Vapor; steam.
dound.| used for instruments of music. Milton.| 2. A rick, which see. Shak. -
 REE REE REF
REEK, v. i. [Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken, RE-ENACT’ED, pp. Enacted again. re-established ; renewed
confirmation }
ruiken; G. rauchen; Sw. rika; Dan. RE-ENACT'ING, ppr. Enacting anew j restoration.
Addison.
roger, rygzer, to reek, to smoke ; W. rhogli, passing again into a law. | RE-ESTA’TE, v. t. [re and estate.] To re-
to smell. This may be from the same root RE-ENAC’TION, n. The passing into a’ establish. [JVot used.] Waller.
as the L. fragre, and all coinciding with law again. | REEVE, n. [Sax. gerefa; G. graf.] A stew-
E RE-ENACT'MENT, n. The enacting or! ard. Obs. Dryden.
the Ar, § to diffuse odor. The pri- passing of a law a second time; the re- REEVE, n. A bird, the female ofthe ruff.
© newal ofa law. Key. Wheaton’s Rep. REEVE, v. t. In seamen’s language, to pass
mary sense is to send out or emit, to ex- RE-ENFORCE, v. ¢. [re and enforce.] To the end of a rope through any hole in a
tend, to reach. Class Rg.] _ i strengthen with new force, assistance or block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, cringle, &c.
To steam; to exhale ; to emit vapor; appli- support, as to re-enforce an argument; Mar. Dict.
ed especially to the vapor of certain moist but particularly, to strengthen an army or RE-EXAMINATION, n. A renewed or
substances, rather than to the smoke of| a fort with additional troops, or a navy repeated examination.
burning bodies. : with additional ships. RE-EXAM/INE, v. ¢. [re and examine.| To
I found me laid f RE-ENFORCED, pp. Strengthened by ad- examine anew. Hooker.
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the ditional force, troops or ships. RE-EXAMINED, pp. Examined again.
sun RE-ENFORCEMENT, n. The act of re- RE-EXAM/INING, ppr. Examining anew.
Soon dry’d, and on the reeking moisture fed. enforcing. |RE-EXCHANGE, n. [re and exchange.| A
Milton. 2. Additional force; fresh assistance; par- renewed exchange.
Whose blood yet reeks on my avenging ticularly, additional troops or force to 2. In commerce, the exchange chargeable on
sword. Smuth.
augment the strength of an army or o the redraft ofa bill of exchange.
REE’KING, ppr. Steaming ; emitting va- ships.
or. 3. Any augmentation of strength or forceby
The rate of re-exchange is regulated with re-
REEKY, a. Smoky; soiled with smoke or spect to the drawer, at the course of exchange
something added. between the place where the bill of exchange
steatn> foul. Shak.
RE-ENFORCING, ppr. Strengthening by was payable, and the place where it was drawn.
REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, reol. See Reel, to
additional force. Re-exchanges cannot be cumulated. —Walsh.
stagger. |
1. A frame or machine turning on an axis, RE-ENGA/GE, v. t. To engage a second R E-EXPORT, v. t. [re and export.] To ex-
and on which yarn is extended for wind-
time. port again ; to export what has been im-
RE-ENGA/GE, v. 7. To engage again; to ported. In the United States, a draw-
ing, either into skains, or from skains
enlist a second time ; to covenant again. back is allowed on commodities re-export-
on to spools and quills. On a reel also
seamen wind their log-lines, &c. | Mitford. ed.
2. A kind of dance. IRE-ENJOY’, v. t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy IRE-EX’/PORT, n. Any commodity re-ex-
REEL, v. t. To gather yarn from the spin- anew or a second time. Pope. ported.
dle. Wilkins.
RE-ENJOY‘ED, pp. Enjoyed again. RE-EXPORTA/TION, x. The act of ex-
REEL, v. 7. [Sw. ragla. Qu. Class Rg, or Ar.) | RE-ENJOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying anew. porting what has been imported.
RE-ENJOY’MENT, n. A second or re-
peated enjoyment. RE-EXPORTED, pp. Exported after be-
je, ragala, to lean. Class RI. No. 4.] RE-ENKIN’DLE, v. ¢. {re and enkindle.] ing imported.
To stagger ; to incline or move in walking, To enkindle again ; to rekindle. —Taylor. RE-EXPORTING, ppr. Exporting what
first to one side and then to the other; to RE-ENKIN’DLED, pp. Enkindled again. has been imported.
vacillate. RE-ENKIN’DLING, — ppr. — Enkindling REFECT,, v. ¢. (L. refectus, reficio ; re and
He with heavy fumes opprest, anew. facio, to make.]
Reel’d from the palace and retir’d to rest. RE-ENLIST’, v. t. To enlist a second time. To refresh; to restore after hunger or fa-
Pope. [See Re-inlist. | | tigue. [.Vot in use.] Brown.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunk-
en man. Ps. evii. RE-EN'TER, v. t. [re and enter.] To enter REFEC’TION, n. [Fr. from L. refectio.]
again or anew. 1. Refreshment after hunger or fatigue.
RE-ELECT’, v. t. [re and elect.] To elect
again; as, to re-elect the former governor. \RE-EN’TER, v. 7. To enter anew. South. Pope.
RE-ELE€T’ED, pp. Elected again; re- RE-ENTERED, pp. Entered again. 2. A spare meal or repast. Encyc.
chosen. RE-EN’TERING, ppr. Entering anew. REFECT’IVE, a. Refreshing ; restoring.
RE-ELECT/ING, ppr. Electing again. 2. Entering in return; as salient and re-en- REFE€T’IVE, n. That which refreshes.
RE-ELE€’TION, n. Election a second tering angles. Encye. REFE€T’ORY, n. [Fr. refectoire.] A room
time, or repeated election ; as the re-clec- RE-ENTHRO'NE, v. t. [re and enthrone.]| of refreshment ; properly, a hall or apart-
tion of a former representative. Swift. To enthrone again ; to replace ona throne.| ment in convents and monasteries, where
RE-ELIGIBIL/ITY, n. The capacity of be- Southern. a moderate repast is taken. Encyc.
ing re-elected to the same office. RE-ENTHRO/NED, pp. Raised again to REFEL’, v. t. [L. refello.) To refute ;to
RE-EL/IGIBLE, a. [re and eligible.] Ca- a throne. disprove ; to repress ; as, to refél the tricks
pable of being elected again to the same RE-ENTHRO/NING, ppr. Replacing on ofa sophister. [Little used.] Shak.
office. a throne. REFER, v. t. [L. refero; re and fero, to
RE-EMB‘ARK, v.t. [re and embark.] To RE-EN’TRANCE, x. [re and entrance.]) bear; Fr. referrer ; It. referire; Sp. Port.
embark or put on board again. referir. |
The act of entering again. Hooker.
RE-EMBARK, v. i. To embark or go on RE/ERMOUSE, n. (Sax. hreremus.] A rear- . To direct, leave or deliver over to another
board again. person or tribunal for information or de-
mouse ; a bat.
RE-EMBARKA’TION, n. A putting on cision; as when parties to a suit refer
board or a going on board again. RE-ESTAB/LISIF, v. t. [re and establish.]] their cause to another court; or the court
RE-EMBAT’TLE, v. ¢. [re and embattle.] To establish anew; to fix or confirm! | refers a cause to individuals for examina-
again; as, to re-establish a covenant; to tion and report. A person whose opinion
To array again for battle; to arrange
again in the order of battle. re-establish health. is requested, sometimes refers the inquirer
RE-EMBAT’TLED, pp. Arrayed again for RE-ESTAB’LISHED, pp. Established or to another person or other source of in-
battle. confirmed again. formation.
RE-EMBAT’TLING, ppr. Arranging again RE-ESTAB/LISHER, x. One who estab- 2. To reduce as to the ultimate end.
in battle array, lishes again. You profess and practice to refer all things
RE-EMBOD’Y, v. t. [re and embody.] To to yourself. Bacon.
RE-ESTAB/LISHING, ppr. Establishing! \3. To reduce; to assign ; as to an order, ge-
embody again. anew ; confirming again. |
RE-ENA€TY, v. t. [re and enact.] To enact RE-ESTAB/LISHMENT, n. The act of | nus or class. Naturalists are sometimes
at a loss to know to what class or genus
again. Arbuthnot. establishing again; the state of being an animal or plant is to be referred.
 REF REF REF
To refer one’s self, to betake ;to apply. [Lat- stance ; in short, to detach the pure met- 6. Purity of mind and morals; nice percep-
tle used.| Shak. al from all extraneous matter. tion and observance of rectitude in moral
REFER’, v. i. To respect; to have rela- I will bring the third part through the fire, principles and practice.
tion. Many passages of Scripture refer to and will refine themas silver is refined. Zech. 7. Purity of heart; the state of the heart pu-
the peculiar customs of the orientals. Xl.
rified from sensual and evil affections.
2. To appeal; to have recourse ; to apply. 3. To purify, as manners, from what is This refinement is the effect of christian
In suits it is good to refer to some triend of gross, clownish or vulgar; to polish ; to principles.
trust. Bacon. make elegant. We expect to see refined 8. Artificial practice; subtilty; as the re-
3. To allude; to have respect to by intimation) manners in courts. Jinements of cunning. Rogers.
without naming. I v7efer to a well known, 4. To purify, as language, by removing vul- 9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant im-
fact. gar words and barbarisms. provement; as the refinements of reason-
REF’ERABLE, a. That may be referred; 5. To purify, as taste; to give a nice ing or philosophy.
capable of being considered in relation to and delicate perception of beauty and pro- REFINER, n. One that refines metals or
something else. More. priety in literature and the arts. other things. Bacon.
2. That may be assigned; that may be con- a To purify, as the mind or moral princi- 2. An improver in purity and elegance ; as
sidered as belonging to or related to. ples; to give or implant in the mind a a refiner of language. Swift.
It is a question among philosophers, whether hice perception of truth, justice and pro- 3. An inventor of superfluous subtilties¥
all the attractions which obtain between bodies, priety in commerce and social intercourse. one is who over nice in discrimination,’ in
are referable to one general cause. Vicholson. This nice perception of what is right con- argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c.
REFEREE’, n. One to whom a thing is stitutes rectitude of principle, or moral re- REFUNERY, n. The place and apparatus
referred ; particularly, a person appointed | finement of mind; and a correspondent for refining metals.
by a court to hear, examine and decide a| practice of social duties, constitutes recti- REFINING, ppr. Purifying; separating
cause between parties, pending before the, tude of conduct or purity of morals.| from alloy or any extraneous matter ; pol-
court, and make report to the court. In Hence we speak of a refined mind, refined ishing ;improving in accuracy, delicacy
New England, a referee differs from an morals, refined principles. or purity. .
arbitrator, in being appointed by the court To refine the heart or soul, to cleanse it from REFIT, v. t. [re and fit.] To fit or prepare
to decide in a cause which is depending all carnal or evil affections and desires,|| again; to repair; to restore after damage
before that court. An arbitratoris chosen and implant in it holy or heavenly affec- or decay; as, to refit ships of war.
by parties to decide a cause between tious. Pipe ae pp. Prepared again; repair-
them. REFINE, v. 7. To improve in accuracy, ed.
REF’ERENCE, n. A sending, dismission delicacy, or in any thing that constitutes} REPLT/TING, ppr. Repairing after dam-
or direction to another for information. excellence. age or decay.
Swift. Chaucer refined on Boccace and mended his)
REFLECT, v. &. [L. reflecto; re and flecto,
2. Relation; respect; view towards. stories. Dryden.
Let a lord but own the happy lines, to bend; Fr, reflechir; It. riflettere.]
The christian religion commands sobriety,
How the wit brightens, how the sense refines !) To throw back; to return. In the rain-
temperance and moderation, in reference to our bow, the rays of light are reflected as well
Pope.
appetites and passions. Tillotson. as refracted.
2. To become pure; to be cleared of fecu-
3. Allusion to. In bis observations he had lent matter. Bodies close together reflect their own color.
no reference to the case which has been So the pure limpid stream, when foul with Dryden.
stated. stains, |REFLE€T’, v. i. To throw back light; to
4. In law, the process of assigning a cause Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines. return rays or beams; as a reflecting mir-
depending in court, for a hearing and de- Addison. ror or gem. Shak.
cision, to persons appointed by the court. 3. To affect nicety. Men sometimes refine 2. To bend back. Bentley.
REFEREND/ARY, n. One to whose de- in speculation beyond the limits of practi- 3. ‘To throw or turn back the thoughts upou
cision a cause is referred. [,Wot in use.] cal truth. the past operations of the mind or upon
Bacon. He makes another paragraph about our re- past events. We reflect with pleasure on
2. An officer who delivered the royal an- fining in controversy. Atterbury.
a generous or heroic action; we reflect
swer to petitions. Harmar. REFINED, pp. Purified; separated from with pain on our follies and vices ; we re-
REFER/MENT, n. Reference for decis- extraneous matter; assayed, as metals;
flect on our former thoughts, meditations
ion. [.Vol used.} Laud. clarified, as liquors; polished; separated and opinions.
RE-FERMENTY, v. é. [re and ferment.] To from what is coarse, rude or improper. 4. To consider attentively ; to revolve in the
ferment again. Blackmore. REFIUNEDLY, adv. With affected nicety mind ; to contemplate ; as, I will reflect on
REFER’RED, pp. Dismissed or directed to or elegance. Dryden. this subject.
another; assigned, as to a class, order or REFUNEDNESS, n. State of being re-
And as I much reflected, much ITmourn’d.
cause ; assigned by a court to persons ap- fined ; purity ; refinement; also, affected
Prior.
pointed to decide. purity. Barrow. In every action, reflect upon the end.
RISFER’/RIBLE, a. That may be referred ;| REFUNEMENT, x. The act of purifying Taylor.
referable. Brown. by separating from a substance all extra- [To reflect on things future, is not strictly
REFER’RING, ppr. Dismissing or direct- neous matter; a clearing from dross, dregs possible, yet the word is often used as sy-
ing to another for information ; alluding; or recrement; as the refinement of metals honymous with meditate and contemplate. |
assigning, as to a class, order, cause, &e or liquors. 5. To bring reproach.
or assigning to private persons for decis- 2. The state of being pure. Errors of wives reflect on husband still.
jon. The more bodies are of a kin to spirit in sub- Dryden.
RE-FPIND, v.t. [reand find.] To find again ; tilty and refinement, the more diffusive are
to experience anew. Sandys. they. Norris. To reflect on, to cast censure or reproach.
I do not reflect in the least on the memory
REFUNE, v. t. (Fr. rafiner; It. raffinare;|3. Polish of language ; elegance ; purity. of his late majesty. Swift.
Sp. Port. refinar; re and _fine.] REFLE€T’ED, pp. Thrown back
From the civil war to this time, I doubt ; return-
1. To purify; in a general sense; applied to whether the corruptions in our language have’
| ed; as reflected light.
liquors, to depurate ; to defecate ; to clar- not equaled its refinements. Swift.
|REFLECT’ENT, a. Bending or flying
ify ;to separate, as liquor, from all extra- 4. Polish of manners; elegance ; nice ob- back; as the ray descendent, and ray re-
neous matter. In this sense, the verb is servance of the civilities of social inter-
| flectent. Digby.
used with propriety, but it is customary to course and of graceful decorum. Refine- REFLECT IBLE, a. That may be reflect-
use fine. ment of manners is often found in persons ed or thrown back. Gregory.
2. Applied to metals, to separate the metallic of corrupt morals. |REFLECT ING, ppr. Throwing back.
substance from all other matter, whether 5. Purity of taste; nice perception of bean- 2. Turning back, as thoughts upon them-
another metal or alloy, or any earthy sub- ty and propriety in literature and the arts. selves or upon past events.
 REF REE R EF
5. Reflecting on, casting censure or reproach. REFLOURISH, v. i. reflurtish. (re and
REEPLECT INGLY, adv. With reflection;
re-formation of a column of troops into a
flourish.| To flourish anew. Milton. hollow square. Mitford.
with censure. Suit. REFLOURISHING, =ppr. Flourishing/| REFORM’ED, pp. Corrected ;amended ;
REFLECTION, n. [from reflect.] The act again.
restored to a good state; as a reformed
of throwing back; as the reflection of light REFLOW, v.i. [re and flow.] 'To flow back ;,
profligate ; the reformed chureb.
or colors. The angle of incidence and to ebb.
RE/-FORMED, pp. Formed anew.
the angle of reflection are always equal. REFLOWING, ppr. Flowing back ; ebbing. REFORMER, %. One who effects a refor-
2. The act of beading back. Bentley. Darwin. mation or amendment; as a reformer of
3. That which is reflected. REFLU€TUA’TION, n. A flowingL back. manners or of abuses.
As the sun in water we can bear, REF’LUENCE, bn [from refluent.] A 2.» Oue of those who commenced the refor-
Yet not the sun, but his reflection there. REF’LUENCY, flowing back.
Dryden. nation of religion from popish corruption ;
4. The operation of the mind by which it Mountague. as Luther, Melancthon, Zuinglius and Cal-
turns its views back upon itself and_ its REF’LUENT, a. [L. refluens ; re and flwo.] vip.
operations ; the review or reconsideration 1. Flowing back; ebbing; as the refluent REFORM/ING, ppr. Correcting what is
of past thoughts, opinions or decisions of tide. wrong; amending; restoring to a good
the mind, or of past events. Encye. 2. Flowing back; returning, as a fluid; as state.
5. Thought thrown back on itself, on the refluent blood. Arbuthnot. RE/-FORMING, ppr. Formin g anew.
past or on the absent; as melancholy re- RE’FLUX, n. [Fr. from L. reflurus.] A IREFORM'IST, n. One who is of the re-
Jlections ; delightful reflections. flowing back; the returning ofa fluid; as |_ formed religion. Howell.
Job’s reflections on his once flourishing es- the flux and reflux of the tides; the flux 2. One who proposes or favors a political
tate, at the same time afflicted and encouraged and reflux of Euripus. Brown. reform.
him. Atterbury. REFO'CILLATE, v. t. [It. refocillare ;Sp. REFORTIFI€A‘/TION, n. A fortifying
6. The expression of thought. refocilar ; L. refocillo; re and the reot of a second time.a Mitford.
7. Attentive consideration ;meditation ; con- focus.) To refresh; to revive; to give IREFOR’TIFY, v.¢. [re and Sortify.| To
templation. new vigor to. [Little used.] Aubrey. fortify anew.
This delight grows and improves under REFOCILLA‘TION, n. The act of refresh- IREFOS’/SION, n. The act of dig5 ging up.
thought and reflection. South. ing or giving new vigor; restoration of Bp. Hall.
8. Censure; reproach cast. strength by refreshment. [Little used.] |REFOUND’, v.¢. [re and found.] To found
He died, and oh! may no reflection shed Middleton. or cast anew. Warton.
Its pois’nous venom on the royal dead. REFOMENTY, v. é. [re and foment.] To fo- IREFRACT”, v. t. [L. refractus, refringo ; re
Prior. ment anew ; to warm or cherish again. and frango, to break. |
REFLECTIVE, a. Throwing back im- 'To break the natural course of the rays of
Colgrave.
ages ; as a reflective mirror. 2. To excite anew. light ;to cause to deviate from a direct
In the reflective stream the sighing bride, REFOMENT’ED, pp. Fomented or incit- course. A dense medium refracts the
Viewing her charms impair’d— Prior. ed anew. rays oflight, as they pass into it from a
2. Considering the operations of the mind, REFOMENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew; rare medium,
or things past; as reflective reason. exciting again. IREFRA€TA/RIAS, n. A mineral,
Prior. REFORM’, v. t. [Fr. reformer; L. refor- IREFRACT’ED, pp. Turned from a direct
REFLE€T/OR, n. One who reflects or mo; re and formo, to form.] course, as rays oflight.
considers. Boyle. 1. To change from worse to better ; to 2. a. In botany, bent back at an acut e angle ;
2. That which reflects. amend; to correct ; to restore to a former as arefracted corol. Martyn.
RE/FLEX, a. ([L. reflexus.] Directed back ; good state, or to bring froma bad toa JREFRACTING, ppr. Turning from a di-
as a reflex act of the soul, the turning o good state; as, to reform a profligate man 5], rect course.
the intellectual eye inward upon its own to reform corrupt manners or morals. 2. a. That turns rays from a direct course ;
actions. Hale. The example alone of a vicious prince will as a refracting medium.
2. Designating the parts of a painting illa- corrupt an age, but that of a good one will not REFRAC€’TION, n. The deviation of a
minated by light reflected from another reform it. Swift. moving body, chiefly rays of light, from a
part of the same picture. Encyc. . To change from bad to good; to remove direct course. This is occasioned by the
3. In botany, bent back ; reflected. that which is bad or corrupt; as, to re- different densities of the mediums through
REFLEX’, n. Reflection. [ot used.] form abuses; to reform the vices of the which light passes.
Hooker. age. Refraction out of a rarer medium into a
denser, is made towards the perpendicular.
REFLEX’, v. t. To reflect. Shak. REFORM, v.%. To abandon that which is
evil or corrupt, and return to a good state; “Vewton.
2. Vo bend back ; to turn back. [Little us- Refraction may be caused by a body’s falling
» ed.) Gregory. io be amended or corrected. A man of) | obliquely out of one medium into another.
REFPLEXIBILITY, n. The quality of be- settled habits of vice will seldom reform. Encye.
ing reflexible or capable of being reflect- RE’-FORM, v. t. [re and form ; with the ac- Refraction double, the separation ofa ray of
ed ; as the reflexibility of the rays of light. cent on the first syliable.| To form again ; light into two separate parts, by passing
Newton. to create or shape anew. through certain transparent mediums. as
REFLEX'IBLE, a. Capable of being re- REFORM’, n. Reformation ; amendment the Iceland crystal. All crystals, except
flected or thrown back. of what is defective, vicious, corrupt or those whose primitive form is either a
The light of the sun consists of rays differ- depraved ; as the reform of parliamentary cube or a regular octahedron, exhibit
ently refrangible and reflexible. Cheyne. elections ; reform of government. double refraction.
REPLEX’ION. [See Reflection.] REF’ORMATION, n. The act of reform- REFRACTIVE, a. That refracts or has
REFLENITY, n. Capacity of being re- power to refract or turn from a direct
flected.
ing; correction or amendment of life,
manners, or of any thing vicious or ecor- course ; as refractive densities. Newton.
REFLEXIVE, a. Having respect to some-
thing past. rupt; as the reformation of manners; ref- IREFRACT’/ORINESS, n. [from refractory. |
ormation of the age; reformation of abuses. \Perverse or sullen obstinacy in opposition or
Assurance reflexive cannot be a divine faith. disobedience.
Satire lashes vice into reformation.
Hammond. IT never allowed any man’s refractoriness
REFLEX/IVELY, adv. In a direction Dryden.
against the privileges and orders of the house.
backward. Gov. of the Tongue. 2. By way of eminence, the change of reli- K. Charles.
RE’FLOAT, n. [re and /loat.] Reflux; ebb: gion from the corruptions of popery to its IREFRA€T/ORY, a. [F'r. refractaire ; L.
a flowing back. [Little used.] Bacon. primitive purity, begun by Luther, A. D. refractarius, from refragor, to resist; re
REFLORES'CENCE,
1517. and fragor, from franzo. |
n. {re and Slores- RE-FORMA’TION, n. The act of forming
cence.| A blossoming anew. 1. Sullen or perverse in opposition or diso-
anew; asecond forming in order; as the! bedience ; obstinate in non-compliance ;
 REF REF REF
asa refractory child; a refractory servant. REFRESHMENT, x. Act of refreshing ; REF’UGE, v.t. To shelter; to protect.
Raging appetites that are or new strength or vigor received after fa- REFUGEE’, n. [Fr. refugié.| One who
Most disobedient and refractory. Shak. tigue ; relief after suffering ; applied to the flies to a shelter or place of safety.
2. Unmanageable ; obstinately unyielding; body. Dryden.
as a refractory beast. 2. New life or animation after depression; 2. One who, in times ofpersecution or polit-
3. Applied to metals, difficult of fusion ; not de to the mind or spirits. ical commotion, flees to a foreign country
easily yielding to the force of heat. 3. That which gives fresh strength or vigor, for safety; as the French refugees, who
REFRACT’ORY, n. A person obstinate in as food or rest. South. Sprat. left France after the revocation of the
opposition or disobedience. Hall. REFRET’, n. The burden of a song. edict of Nantz, and settled in Flanders and
2. Obstinate opposition. [Vet used.] Dict. America; the refugees from Hispaniola,
Taylor. REFRIG/ERANT, a. [Fr. See Refrigerate. ] in 1792; and the American refugees, who
REFRA/GABLE, a. [L. refragor; re and Cooling ; allaying heat. Bacon. left their country at the revolution.
Srango.| REFRIG/ERANT, n. Among physicians, a REFUL/GENCE, [L. refulgens, reful-
That may be refuted, that is, broken. medicine which abates heat and refreshes REFUL/GENCY, ¢™ geo; re and fulgeo,
REFRAIN, v.é. (Fr. refrener ; It. rinfre- the patient. to shine.] A flood of light; splendor.
nare; L. refreno; re and freno, to curb; REFRIG/ERATE, v. t. [L. refrigero; re REFUL/GENT, a. Casting a bright light:
frenum, a rein. See Rein.) and frigus, cold.| To cool; to allay the shining; splendid; as refulgent beams;
To hold back; to restrain; to keep from heat of; to refresh. Bacon. refulgent light ; refulgent arms.
action. REFRIG/ERATED, pp. Cooled. A conspicuous and refulgent truth. Boyle.
My son—refrain thy foot from their path. REFRIG/ERATING, ppr. Allaying heat; REFUL/GENTLY, adv. With a flood of
Prov. i. cooling. light; with great brightness.
Then Joseph could not refrain himself before REFRIGERA/TION, n. The act of cool- REFUND, v. t. [L. refundo ; re and fundo,
all them that stood by. Gen. xlv. ing; the abatement of heat; state of be- to pour.]| To pour back.
REFRA/IN, v. i. To forbear; to abstain; ing cooled. Bacon. Were the humors of the eye tinctured with
to keep one’s self from action or interfer- REFRIG/ERATIVE, a. Cooling. any color, they would refund that color upon the
ence. REFRIG/ERATIVE, n. A remedy that al-| object. [Unusual or obsolete.]
- Ray.
Refrain from these men and let them alone. . To repay; to return in payment or com-
Acts v. | lays heat.
REFRIG/ERATORY, a. Cooling ; miti- pensation for what has been taken; to
REFRAIN, n. [Fr. refrein.] The burden gating heat. restore ; as, to refund money taken wrong-
of a song ; a kind of musical repetition. fully ; to refund woney advanced with in-
Mason. REFRIG/ERATORY, x. In distillation, a terest ; to refund the amount advanced.
vessel filled with cold water, through
REFRA‘INED, pp. Held back; restrained. REFUND/ED, pp. Poured back ; repaid.
REFRA‘INING, ppr. Holding back; for- which the worm passes; by which means
the vapors are condensed as they pass REFUND/ING, ppr. Pouring back; return-
bearing. through the worm. ing by payment or compensation.
REFRA ME, v. t. [re and frame.] To frame REFU’/SABLE, a. sasz. [from refuse.]
again. Hakewill. 2. Any thing internally cooling. —§Mortimer. That may be refused. Young.
REFRIGE/RIUM, n. [L.] Cooling refresh-
REFRANGIBIL'ITY, n. [from refrangible.] ment; refrigeration. [JVot in use.] REFU‘SAL, n. s as z. The act ofrefusing ;
The disposition ofrays of light to be refract- South. denial of any thing demanded, solicited
ed or turned out of a direct course, in REFT, pp. of reave. Deprived ; bereft. [Vol or offered for acceptance. The first refu-
passing out of one transparent body or in use.} Shak. sal is not always proof that the request
medium into another. Newton. 2. pret. of reave. Took away. [.Vot in wse.]}), will not be ultimately granted.
REFRAN’GIBLE, a. [L. re and frango, to Spenser. 2. The right of taking in preference to oth-
break. | REFT, n. A chink. [See Rift.] ers; the choice of taking or refusing ; op-
Capable of being refracted or turned out of; REFUGE, n. [Fr. from L. refugium, refu- tion; pre-emption. We say, a man has
a direct course in passing from one medi- gio; re and fugio, to flee.] the refusal of a farm or a horse, or the re-
um to another; as rays of light. — Locke. 1. Shelter or protection from danger or dis- Jusal of an employment.
REFRENA’TION, n. [See Refrain.) The tress. REFU'SE, v.t. sas z. [Fr. refuser; Arm.
act of restraining. [Vol used.} reust, reusein ; It. rifiutare, rifusare; Sp.
—Rocks, dens and caves, but I in none of these
REFRESH’, v.t. [Fr. rafraichir ; re and) Find place or refuge. Milton. rehusar ; Port. refusar; L. recuso; re and
fraichir, from fraiche, fresh ; It. rinfrescare ; We have made lies our refuge. Is. xxviii. the root of causor, to accuse; causa,
Sp. Port.refrescar. See Fresh.] —We might have strong consolation, who have cause. The primary sense of causor is to
1. To cool; to allay heat. fled for refuge to lay hold on the hope set be- drive, to throw or thrust at, and recuso is
A dew coming after a heat refresheth. Ecclus. fore us. Heb. vi. to drive back, to repel or repulse, the
2. To give new strength to; to invigorate; 2. That which shelters or protects from sense of refuse.|
to relieve after fatigue; as, to refresh the danger, distress or calamity; a strong 1. To deny a request, demand, invitation orf
body. A man or a beast is refreshed by hold which protects by its strength, or a command ; to decline to do or grant what
food and rest. Ex. xxiii. sanctuary which secures safety by its sa- is solicited, claimed or commanded.
3. To revive; to reanimate after depression; credness; any place inaccessible to an en- Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage
to cheer; to enliven. emy. through his border. Num. xx.
Fox they have refreshed my spirit and yours. The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats. 2. To decline to accept what is offered ; as,
1 Cor, xvi. Ps. civ. to refuse an office ; to refuse an offer.
4. To improve by new touches any thing The Lord also will be arefuge for the oppress- If they refuse to take the cup at thy hand—
impaired. ed. Ps. ix. Jer. xxv.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes. Dryden. 3. An expedient to secure protection or de- 3. To reject; as, to refuse instruction or re-
5. To revive what is drooping ; as, rain re- fense. proof. Proy. x.
Sfreshes the plants. This last old man— The stone which the builders refused is be-
REFRESH’, n. Act of refreshing. »[.Vot Their latest refuge was to send to him. come the head of the corner. Ps. exviii.
Shak. [Nore.—Refuse expresses rejection more
used. | Daniel. 4. Expedient, in general. strongly than decline.]
REFRESHED, pp. Cooled; invigorated;| Light must be supplied, among graceful refu- REFU'SE, v. 7. sas z. To decline to accept ;
revived ; cheered. ges, by terracing any story in danger of dark- not to comply.
REPRESWER, x. He or that which re- ness. Wotton. Too proud to ask, to humble too refuse.
freshes, revives or invigorates. Thomson. Cities of refuge, among the Israelites, certain) Garth.
REFRESHING, ppr. or a. Cooling; invig- cities appointed to secure the safety of REFUSE, a. [I'r. refus, refusal, denial, and
orating; reviving ; reanimating. such persons as might commit homicide that which is denied.]
REFRESHING, n. Refreshment ;_ relief| without design. Of these there were Literally, refused ; rejected; hence, worth-
after fatigue or suffering, Mortimer. three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. less; of no value ; left as unworthy ofre-
 R EG REG REG
ception; as the refuse parts of stone or tain one’sself, to take pleasure, also to melt, tion. The people regard their pastor, and
timber. to be dissolved ; Port. regalar, to regale, to treat him with great kindness. 2 Kings
Please to bestow on him the refuse letters. treat daintily, to delight; It. regalare, to iii.
Spectator. present with gifts, to regale, to season. . To keep ; to observe with religious or
REFUSE, n. That which is refused or re- This word is probably a compound of re solemn attention.
jected as useless ;waste matter. and the root of It. galloria, a transport of He that regardeth the day, regardeth it to
Hooker. Bacon. Addison. joy, gallare, to exult, gala, ornament, Port. the Lord. Rom. xiv.
REFU’SE, n. Refusal. Obs. Fairfax. galhofa, mirth, good cheer, Sp. gallardo, - To attend to as something to influence
REFU’SED, pp. Denied; rejected ;not ac- gay, Fr. gaillard, &c. In Russ. jaluyu our conduct.
cepted. , signifies to regale, to gratify with pres- He that regardeth the clouds shall not reap.
Eccles. xi.
REFU’/SER, n. One that refuses or rejects. ents, to visit, &c. The primary sense is
Taylor. to excite, to rouse and be brisk, or to shoot, 8. To consider seriously ; to lay to lieart.
They regard not the work of the Lord. Is. v.
REFU’SING, ppr. Denying; declining to leap, dart or rush. We probably see the
9. To notice with pity or concern. Deut.
accept ; rejecting. same rootin the Eng. gale, gallant, Gr. XXviii.
REFU’'TABLE, a. [from refute.] That may ayaamae, Fr. jolt, Eng. jolly, and in many
10. To notice favorably or with acceptance;
be refuted or disproved; that may be other words. | to hear and answer.
proved false or erroneous. To refresh; to entertain with something He will regard the prayer of the destitute.
REFU’TAL, n. Refutation. [/Vot used.] that delights; to gratify, as the senses ; Ps. cil.
REFUTA’TION, n. [L. refutatio. See Re- as, to regale the taste, the eye or the ear. 11. To love and esteem; to practice ; as, to
ute.| The birds of the forest regale us with regard iniquity in the heart. Ps, Ixvi.
The act or process ofrefuting or disproving; | their songs. 12. To respect ; to have relation to. The
the act of proving to be false or errone- |REGA’LE, v.t. To feast; to fare sumptu- argument does not regard the question.
ous; the overthrowing of an argument, | ously. To regard the person, to value for outward
opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory, by |REGA’LED, pp. Refreshed ; entertained; honor, wealth or power. Matt. xxii.
argument or countervailing proof. | gratified. REG‘ARD, n. [Fr. regard; It. riguardo.}
Bentley. REGA’LEMENT, n. Refreshment ; enter- 1. Look; aspect directed to another.
REFU’TE, v. t. [Fr. refuter; L. refuto; re tainment ; gratification. But her with stern regard he thus repell’d.
and futo, obs. The primary sense of (REGA/LIA, n. [L. from rez, king.] Ensigns [Nearly or quite obsolete.} Milton.
Jfuto, is to drive or thrust, to beat back. of royalty; the apparatus of a corona- 2. Attention of the mind; respect in rela-
Class Bd.] tion; as the crown, scepter, &c. tion to something. He has no regard to
To disprove and overthrow by argument,| 2. In law, the rights and prerogatives of a the interest of society; his motives are
evidence or countervailing proof; to prove | king. Blackstone. wholly selfish.
to be false or erroneous ; to confute. We REGA/LING, ppr. Refreshing; entertain- Respect; esteem; reverence ; that view
say, to refute argumeuts, to refute testimo- ing; gratifying. of the mind which springs from value, es-
ny, to refute opinions or theories, to refute REGAL/ITY, n. [from L. regalis ; It. realta; timable qualities, or any thing that excites
a disputant. Fr. royauté.] Royalty ; sovereignty ;king- admiration.
There were so many witnesses to these two ship. With some regard to what is just and right
miracles, that it is impossible to refute such He came partly in by the sword and had high They'll lead their lives. Milton.
multitudes. Addison. courage in all points of regality. Bacon. To him they had regard, because of long
REFU’/TED, pp. Disproved; proved to be (RE/GALLY, adv. In a royal manner. time he had bewitched thei with sorceries.
false or erroneous. Milton. Acts viii.
REG‘ARD, v. t. [Fr. regarder; It. riguar- . Respect; account.
REFU’/TER, n. One that refutes.
dare ; from Fr. gurder, to guard, keep, Change was thought necessary, in regard of
REFU/TING, ppr. Proving to be false or the injury the church received by a number of
erroneous ; confuting. defend; It. guardare, to guard, to look,
things then in use. Hooker.
REGA‘IN, v. t. [reand gain; Fr. regagner.] view, behold, to beware, to take heed, to
To gain anew; to recover what has escap- discern. The primary sense of guard is Relation ; reference.
to drive off or repel, and thus to protect, To persuade them to pursue and persevere in
ed or been lost. Milton. virtue, in regard to themselves; in justice and
REGA/‘INED, pp. Recovered ; gained or to hold, keep, retain; probably the
goodness, in regard to their neighbors ; and
anew. former. To regard is to extend or direct piety towards God. Watts.
REGA‘INING, ppr. Gaining anew ; recov- the eye to an object, or to hold it in view. . Note; eminence; account.
ering. We observe a somewhat similar process Mac Ferlagh was a man of meanest regard
RE‘GAL, a. [Fr. from L. regalis, from rex, of deriving the sense of looking, in the It. among therm. Spenser.
Sans. raja, connected with rego, to goy- scorlo, seen, perceived, prudent, guided, th. Matter demanding notice. Spenser.
ern; Sax. recan or reccan, to say, to reck, convoyed, wary, crafty, discerning, and 8 . Prospect ; object of sight. [.Vot proper
to reckon, to rule, to direct; the root of, as a noun, an abridgment ; scorta,a guide, nor in use.| Shak.
right, L. rectus, Sax. reht. See Reck and an escort, a guard.] 9 . in the forest laws, view ; inspection.
Reckon.} . To look towards; to point or be direct- Court of regard, or survey of dogs, a forest
Pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as a ed. court in England, held every third year
regal title; regal authority ; regal state, It is a peninsula which regardeth the main for the lawing or expeditation of mastifs,
pomp or splendor; regal power or sway. Jand. Sandys. that is, for cutting off the claws and ball
But we say, a royal or kingly government, . To observe; to notice with some partic- of the fore feet, to prevent them from run-
not a regal one. We never say, a regal ularity. ning after deer. Blackstone.
If much you note him,
territory, regal dominions, regal army, or You offend him ; feed and regard him not.
REG‘ARDABLE, a. Observable; worthy
regal navy. Regal expresses what is Shak. of notice. Brown. Carew.
more personal. jee) To attend to with respect and estimation ;)
REG‘ARDANT, a. In law, a villain re-
RE/GAL, n. [Fr. régale.] A musical instru- to value. gardant is one annexed to the manor or
ment. Bacon. This aspect of mine, land. Blackstone.
REGA’LE, n. [Fr. régale.] The preroga- The best regarded virgins of your clime 2. In heraldry, looking behind, as a lion or
tive of monarchy. Johnson. Have lov’d. Shak. other beast. Encye.
REGA/LE, n. [See the verb, below.] A . To attend to asa thing that affects our REG‘ARDED, pp. Noticed ; observed ; es-
magnificent entertainment or treat given interest or happiness ; to fix the mind on teemed ; respected.
to embassadors and other persons of dis- asa matter of importance. He does not REG ARDER, n. One that regards.
tinction. Encyce. regard the pain he feels. He does not re- 2. In law, the regarder of the forest is an
REGA’‘LE, v.t. [Fr. regaler ;Sp. regalar, gard the loss he has suffered. He regards oflicer whose business is to view the forest,
to regale, to refresh, entertain, caress, ca- only the interest of the community. inspect the officers, and inquire of all of-
jole, delight, cherish ;regalarse, to enter- 15. To esteem; to hold in respect and affec-! fenses and defaults, Eng.
 REG REG REG
REG:ARDFUL, a. Taking notice ; heed- are subdued, and a principle of supreme the dependency of words, and the altera-
ful; observing with care ; attentive. love to God and his law, or holy affec- tions which one occasions or requires in
Let a man be very tender and regardful of tions, are implanted in the heart. another in connection with it; the words
every pious motion made by the Spirit of God He saved us by the washing of regeneration) governed.
on his heart. South. and renewing of the Holy Spirit. Tit. iii. 4. Orderly government; system of order.
REG‘ARDFULLY, adv. Attentively ;heed- REGEN’ERATORY, a. Renewing ; having REGIMENT, n. [L. regimen.] In military
fully. the power to renew; tending to repro- affairs, a body of men, either horse, foot
2. Respectfully. Shak. duce or renovate. Faber. or artillery, commanded by a colonel or
REG‘ARDING, ppr. Noticing ; consider- RE/GENT, a. [L. regens, from rego, to lieutenant colonel and major, and consist-
ing with care; attending to; observing; rule.| ing of a number of companies, usually
esteeming ; caring for. \l. Ruling; governing ; as a regent principle. from eight to ten.
2. Respecting; concerning; relating to. | Hale. 2. Government; mode of ruling; rule; au-
REGARDLESS, a. Not looking or attend- 2. Exercising vicarious authority. Milton. thority ; as used by Hooker, Hale and
ing to; heedless; negligent ; careless ; |Queen regent, a queen who governs; op- others. [Wholly obsolete. |
as regardless of life or of health; regard- posed to queen consort. REGIMENT, v. t. To form into a regi-
less of danger; regardless of consequen- RE/GENT, n. A governor; a ruler; in a ment or into regiments with proper offi-
ces. general sense; as Uriel, regent of the sun. cers. [4 military use of the word.|
Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat. Milton. Washington. Smollet.
Milton.) 2. One invested with vicarious authority; REGIMENT’AL, a. Belonging to a regi-
2. Not regarded ; slighted. Spectator. one who governs a kingdom in the minor- ment; as regimental officers ; regimental
REG‘ARDLESSLY, adv. Heedlessly ; care- | ity, absence or disability of the king. clothing.
lessly ; negligently. Encye. REGIMENTIALS, nx. plu. The uniform
REG‘ARDLESSNESS, 2. Heedlessness 5) 3. In colleges, a teacher of arts and sciences, worn by the troops of a regiment.
inattention ; negligence. Whitlock. having pupils under his care, generally of REGIMENTED, pp. Formed into a regi-
REGA’TA, [It. regatta.] In Venice, a) the lower classes; those who instruct the ment; incorporated with a regiment.
REGAT’TA, §™ grand rowing match in higher classes being called professors. Washington.
which many boats are rowed for a prize. Encye.
REGATH’ER, v. t. To gather or collect a), 4. In English universities, a master of arts
REGION, n. re/jun. [Fr. Sp. region; It. re-
under five years standing, and a doctor gione; L. regio; Ir. crioch, with a prefix;
second time. B. Trumbull.|
under two. Encye. from the root of reach, reck, L. rego.|
REGATHERED, pp. Collected again.
REGATH’ERING, ppr. Gathering a second 5. In the stale of New York, the member of a . A tract of land or space of indefinite ex-
corporate body which is invested with the tent, usually a tract of considerable ex-
time. tent. It is sometimes nearly synonymous
REG’EL, A fixed star of the first mag- superintendence ofall the colleges, acade-
mies and schoolsin the state. This board with country ; as all the region of Argob.
REG'IL, %- nitude in Orion’s left foot.
consists of twenty one members, who are
Deut. iii.
RE/GENCY, n. [L. regens, from rego, to}
govern. | called “the regents of the university of He had dominion over all the region on this
Hooker.) the state of New York.” They are ap- side the river. 1 Kings iv.
1. Rule ; authority; government.
2. Vicarious government. Temple. pointed and removable by the legislature. So we speak ofthe airy region, the ethe-
3. The district under the jurisdiction of a They have power to grant acts of incor- rial regions, the upper regions, the lower
vicegerent. Milton. poration for colleges, to visit and inspect regions.
4, The body of men entrusted with vicari- all colleges, academies and schools, and 2a The inhabitants of a region or district of
ous government ; as a regency constituted to make regulations for governing the country. Matt. iii.
during a king’s minority, insanity, or ab- same. Stat. NM. York. 3. A part of the body; as the region of the
sence from the kingdom. iRE/GENTESS, n. A protectress ofa king-| heart or liver.
REGEN’ERACY, n. [See Regenerate.] The dom. Cotgrave. |4. Place; rank.
state of being regenerated. Hammond. RE/GENTSHIP, n. The power of govern- He is of too high a region. [Unusual.]
REGEN’ERATE, v. ¢. [L. regenero; re and ing, or the oflice of a regent. | Shak.
genero. See Generate.) 2. Deputed authority. Shak.) REGISTER, n. [Fr. registre, regitre ;Low
1. To generate or produce anew ; to repro- REGERM/INATE, v.7. [re and germinate. | L. registrum, from regero, to set down in
duce. To germinate again. writing; re and gero, to carry. But Spel-
Through all the soil a genial ferment Perennial plants regerminate several years man considers the word as formed of re
spreads, successively. Lee. and Norm. gister or giser, to lay, and
Regenerates the plants and new adorns the REGERMINATING, ppr. Germinating| equivalent to repository. |
meads. Blackmore. anew. A written account or entry of acts, judg-
2. In theology, to renew the heart by a FREGERMINA‘TION, x. A sprouting or|| ments or proceedings, for preserving and
change of affections; to change the heart) germination anew. conveying to future times an exact knowl-
and affections from natural enmity to the REGEST’, n. A register. [.Vot in use.) | edge of transactions. ‘Tbe word appro-
love of God; to implant holy affections Milton. | priately denotes an official account of the
in the heart. Scott. Addison. REG IBLE, a. Governable. [Vot in use.] proceedings of a public body, a prince, a
REGEN’ERATE, a. [L. regeneratus.] Re- Dict. legislature, a court, an incorporated com-
produced. Shak. REG’ICIDE, n. [It. Sp. regicida ; Fr. regi- | pany and the like, and in this use it is sy-
2, Born anew; renovated in heart; changed cide; L. rex, king, and cedo, to slay.| nonymous with record. But in a lax
from a natural to a spiritual state. 1. A king-killer ; one who murders a king. sense, it signifies any account entered on
Milton. Wake. Dryden. paper to preserve the remembrance of
REGEN/ERATED, pp. Reproduced. 2. The killing or murder ofa king. Pope. what is done.
2. Renewed ; born again. REGIMEN, n. [L. from rego, to govern.])) . The book in which a register or record is
REGEN/ERATENESS, 2. The state of 1. In medicine, the regulation of diet with al kept, as a parish register ; also, a list, as
being regenerated. view to the preservation or restoration of the register of seamen.
REGEN’/ERATING, ppr. Reproducing. health; , or in: a more general sense, . the''3. i
[Low L. registrarius.| The officer or per-
2. Renovating the nature by the implanta- regulation of all the non-naturals for the son whose business is to write or enter in
tion ofholy affectionsin the heart. same purposes. Encye. a book accounts of transactions, particu-
REGENERA/TION, n. Reproduction ; the . Any regulation or remedy which is in- larly of the acts and proceedings ofcourts
act of producing anew. tended to produce beneficial effects by} or other public bodies; as the register of
2. In theology, new birth by the grace of’) gradual operation. Hume. | a court of probate ; a register of deeds.
God ; that change by which the will and)! w . In grammar, government ; that part of 4, In chimistry and the arts, an aperture with
natural enmity of man to God and his Jaw syntax or construction, which regulates), a lid, stopper or sliding plate, in a furnace,
 REG REG REG
stove, &c. for regulating the admission off fy the buying the whole of certain arti- scribed mode or to established customary
air and the heat ofthe fire. cles, or large quantities, and from fore- forms ; as a regular epic poem; a regular
5. The inner part of the mold in which types stalling, which signifies the purchase of verse in poetry ; a regular piece of music :
are cast. provisions on the way, before they reach regular practice of law or medicine ; areg-
6. In printing, the correspondence of col- the market. Blackstone. ular plan; a regular building.
umns on the opposite sides of the sheet. | REGRA’TER, n. One who buys provis- 2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uni-
7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop ions and sells them in the same market or form in a course or practice; as regular in
an organ. : fair. diet; regular in altending on divine wor-
Parish register, a book in which are record- REGRA/TING, ppr. Purchasing provisions ship.
ed the baptisms of children and the mar- and selling them in the same market. 3. In geometry, a regular figure is one whose
riages and burials of the parish. ; REGREE’Y, v.t. [re and greet.| To greet sides and angles are equal, as a square, a
Register ship, a ship which obtains permis again ; to resalute. Shak. cube, or an equilateral triangle. Regular
sion to trade to the Spanish West Indies REGREE’T, n. A return or exchange of figures of more than three or four sides
and is registered before sailing. =Encyc. Ae salutation. Shak. are usually called regular polygons.
REGISTER, v. t. To record ; to write in a REGREE’TED, pp. Greeted again or in Encye.
book for preserving an exact account of return. \4. Instituted or initiated according to estab-
facts and proceedings. The Greeks and REGREE’TING, ppr. Greeting again; re- lished forms or discipline; as a regular
Romans registered the names ofall children saluting. physician.
born. ; |RE/GRESS, n. [Fr. regrés; L. regressus, 5. Methodical ; orderly; as a regular kind of
2. To enroll; to enter in a list. Milton. regredvor. | sensuality or indulgence. Law.
REG‘ISTERSHIP, n. The office of regis-| 1. Passage back ; return ; as ingress and re- 6. Periodical ; as the regular return of day and
ter. gress. night; a regular trade wind or monsoon.
REG/ISTRAR, n. An officer inthe English 2. The power of returning or passing back. 7. Pursued with uniformity or steadiness:
universities, who has the keeping of all REGRESS’, v. 7. To go back ; to return to as a regular trade.
the public records. Encye. a former place or state. Brown. 8. Belonging to a monastic order ; as regu-
REGISTRA/TION, n. The act ofinserting REGRES/SION, n. The act of passing lar clergy, in distinction from the secular
in a register. Walsh. back or returning. Brown. clergy.
REGISTRY, n. The act of recording or REGRESS’IVE, a. Passing back ; return- Regular troops, troops of a permanent army :
writing in a register. ing. opposed to militia.
2. The place where a register is kept. REGRESS'IVELY, adv. In a backward REG’ULAR, n. In a monastery, one who has
3. A series of facts recorded. Temple. way or manner; by return. Johnson. taken the vows, and who is bound to fol-
REG’LEMENT, xn. [Fr.] Regulation. [/Vot REGRET’, n. (Fr. regret ; either from the low the rules of the order. Encye.
used. } Bacon. root of grate, or more directly from the 2. Asoldier belonging to a permanent army.
REG’LET, n. [Fr. from régle, rule, L. re- root of Sp. Port. gritar, It. gridare, Sw. REGULARITY,n. Agrecableness to a rule
gula, rego.| grata, Ice. groet, Dan. grader, Goth. grie- or to established order ; as the regularity
A ledge of wood exactly planed, used by lan, W. grydiaw, to scream or cry out, to of legal proceedings.
printers to separate lines and make the utter a rough sound ; in some dialects, to 2. Method ; certain order. Regularity is the
work more open. weep or lament. But grate and Sp. gritar life of business.
REG/NANT, a. [Fr. from regner, L. regno, are probably of the same family.] 3. Conformity to certain principles; as the
to reign. | . Grief; sorrow; pain of mind. We feel regularity of a figure.
1. Reigning ; exercising regal authority ; as regret at the loss of friends, regret for our 4. Steadiness or uniformity in a course; as
a queen regnant. The modern phrase is own misfortunes, or for the misfortunes of the regularity of the motion of a heavenly
queen regent. Wolton. others. body. There is no regularity in the vicis-
Never any prince expressed a more lively re- situdes of the weather.
2. Ruling; predominant; prevalent; having gret for the loss ofa servant. Clarendon.
the chief power; as vices regnant. We REG’/ULARLY, adv. In a manner accord-
Her piety itself would blame, ant to a rule or established mode; as a
now say, reigning vices. Swift. If her regrets should waken thine. Prior.
REGORGE, v. t. regorj’. (Fr. regorger ; re physician or lawyer regularly admitted to
2. Pain of conscience; remorse; as a pas- practice ; a verse regularly formed.
and gorge.| sionate regret at sin. Decay
of Piety. 2. In uniform order ; at certain intervals or
1. To vomit up; to eject from the stomach;
3. Dislike; aversion. (ot proper nor in use.| periods ;as day and night regularly re-
to throw back or out again. Hayward.
2. To swallow again. Dryden. REGRET, Decay of Piety. turning.
v. t. [Fr. regretter.] To grieve at ; 3. Methodically ; in due order; as affairs
3. To swallow eagerly. Milton. to lament; to be sorry for ; to repent.
REGRA’DE, v.27. (L. regredior ; re and gra- regularly performed.
Calmly he look’d on either iife, and here REG'ULATE, »v. ¢. To adjust by rule, meth-
dior, to go.] To retire; to goback. [Vol Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear.
used. | Hales. od or established mode; as, to regulate
Pope.
weights and measures ; to regulate the as-
REGR‘AFT, v. ¢. [re and graft.] To graft 2. 'To be uneasy at. [.NVot proper nor in use.| size of bread; to regulate our moral con-
again. Bacon. Glanville.
duet by the laws of God and of society;
REGR‘AFTED, pp. Grafted again. REGRET’FUL, a. Full of regret.
to regulate our manners by the customary
REGR‘AFTING, ppr. Grafting anew. Fanshaw. forms.
REGR‘ANT, v. t. [re and grant.| To grant REGRET’FULLY, adv. With regret.
2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the
back. Ayliffe. Greenhill.
disordered state of a nation or its finances.
REGR‘ANT, n. The act of granting back REGRET’TED, pp. Lamented.
3. To subject to rules or restrictions; as, to
to a former proprietor. REGRET’TING, ppr. Lamenting ; grieving regulate trade ; to regulate diet.
REGR‘ANTED, pp. Granted back. at; repenting. REG'ULATED, pp. Adjusted by rule, meth-
REGR‘ANTING, ppr. Granting back. |REGUERDON, n. regerd/on. [re and Fr. od or forms; putin good order;subjected
REGRA’TE, v. t. [Fr. regratter, to scratch guerdon, a reward. See Reward.] te rules or restrictions,
again, to new-vamp, to regrate, or drive a A reward ; a recompense. [JVot in use.] REG/ULATING, ppr. Adjusting by rule,
huckster’s trade; re and gratter, to grate, Shak. method or forms ; reducing to order; sub-
to scratch, to rake.] REGUERDON, »v. t. regerd/on. To reward. jecting to rules or restrictions.
. To offend; to shock. [Little used.] [Wot in use.] Shak. |REGULA’TION, n. The act of regulating
. To buy provisions and sell them again in REG’ULAR, a. [Sp. id.; Fr. regulier; L.
oe or reducing to order. Ray.
the same market or fair; a practice which, regularis, from regula, a rule, from rego, to 2. A rule or order prescribed by a superior
by raising the price, is a public offense rule.] for the management of some business, or
and punishable. Regyating differs from 1, Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an es- for the government of a company or so-
engrossing and monopolizing, which signi- tablished rule, law or principle, to a pre-! ciety.
Vol. H. oA
 REL REL REL
REJOIN/ED, pp. Joined again; reuni- as a person related in the first or second | Confining our care either to ourselves and
ted. degree. | relatives. Feil.
REJOIN'ING, ppr. Joining again; answer- RELA‘TER, n. One who tells, recites or 2. That which has relation to something
ing a plaintif’s replication. narrates; a historian. Milton. Swift. | else. Locke.
REJOINT’, v. t. [re and joint.] To reunite RELA‘TING, ppr. Telling; reciting ;nar- 3. In grammar, a word which relates to or
joints. Barrow. rating. | represents another word, called its ante-
REJOLT, 2. [re and joll.| A reacting jolt or 2. a. Having relation or reference; con-|, cedent, or to a sentence or member of a
shock. [Volt used.] South. cerning. sentence, or to aseries of sentences, which
REJOURN, v. t. rejurn’. [Fr. reajourner. RELA‘TION, n. [Fr. from L. relatio, re- constitutes its antecedent. “He seldom
See Adjourn.] Sero.| lives frugally, who lives by chance.” Here
To adjourn to another hearing or inquiry. 1. The act oftelling ; recital; account; nar- who is the relative, which represents he,
Not used.] Burton. ration ; narrative of facts; asa laeeaton the antecedent.
REJUDGE, v. t. rejuj’. [re and judge.] To relation. We listened to the relation o “Judas declared him innocent, which he
judge again; to re-examine; to review; his adventures. could not be, had he deceived his disci-
to call to a new trial and decision. 2. Respect ; reference ; regard. ples.” Porteus. Here which refers to in-
Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace. I have been importuned to make some ob- nocent, an adjective, as its antecedent.
Pope. servations on this art, in relation to its agree- “ Another reason that makes me doubt
REJUDG/ED, pp. Reviewed ;judged again. ment with poetry. Dryden.|) of any innate practical principles, is, that
REJUDG/ING, ppr. Judging again. 3. Connection between things; mutual re- I think there cannot any one moral rule
REJUVENES/CENCE, {L. re and ju- spect, or what one thing is with regard to be proposed, whereof a man may not just-
REJUVENES'CENCY, ‘™ venescens ;ju- another; as the relation of a citizen to ly demand a reason ; which would be per-
venis, a youth.] the state ; the relation of a subject to the fectly ridiculous and absurd, if they were
A renewing of youth; the state of being, supreme authority; the relation of hus- innate, or so much as self-evident, which
young again. Paus. Trans.| band and wife, or of master and servant ; every innate principle must needs be.”
REKIN’DLE, »v. t. [re and kindle.] To kin- the relation of a state of probation to a Locke.
dle again; to set on fire anew. Cheyne. state of retribution. If we ask the question, what would be
2. To inflame again; to rouse anew. Pope. 4. Kindred ; alliance; as the relation of pa- ridiculous and absurd, the answer must
REKIN'DLED, pp. Kindled again; inflam-; rents and children. be, whereof a man may justly demand a rea-
ed anew. Relations dear, and all the charities son, and this part of the sentence is the
REKIN’DLING, ppr. Kindling again; in- Of father, son and brother, first were known.
antecedent to which. WSelf-evident is the
flaming anew. Milton.
antecedent to which, near the close of the
RELA‘ID, pp. Laid a second time. 5. A person connected by consanguinity or sentence.
RELAND,, v. t. [re and land.] To land affinity; a kinsman or kinswoman. He REL/ATIVELY, adv. In relation or re-
again; to put on land what had been passed a month with his relations in the spect to something else; not absolutely.
shipped or embarked. Judge Sewall. country. Consider the absolute affections of any being
RELAND,’, v. i. To go on shore after hav- 6. Resemblance of phenomena ; analogy. as it is in itself, before you consider it relative-
ing embarked. 7. In geometry, ratio; proportion. ly. Watts.
RELAND’ED, pp. Put on shore again. RELA’TIONAL, a. Having relation or kin- REL/ATIVENESS, x. The state of having
dred. relation.
RELAND/ING, ppr. Landing again. We might be tempted to take these two na- RELA’TOR, x. In law, one who brings an
RELAPSE, v. t. relaps'. {L. relapsus, rela- tions for relational stems. Tooke.
bor, to slide back ; re and labor, to slide.] information in the nature ofa quo warran-
RELA/TIONSHIP, n. The state of being to. Blackstone.
1. To slip or slide back; to return. related by kindred, affinity or other alli- RELAX’, v. t. [L. relaxo; re and laxo, to
2. To fall back; to return to a former state ance. Mason.
or practice; as, to relapse into vice or er- slacken ; Fr. reldcher, relascher; It. rilas-
(This word is generally tautological and sare; Sp. relarar. See Laz.]
ror after amendment. useless. |
3. To fall back or return from recovery ora REL/ATIVE, a. [Fr. relatif; L. relativus.] 'l. To slacken ; to make less tense or rigid;
convalescent state; as, to relapse into a 1. Having relation; respecting. as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the
The argu- muscles or sinews; to relax the reins in
fever. ments may be good, but they are not rela-| | riding.
RELAPSE, n. relaps’. A sliding or falling tive to the subject.
back, particularly into a former bad state, 2. Not absolute or existing by itself; con- (2. To loosen; to make less close or firm;
either of body or of morals; as a relapse} sidered as belonging to or respecting some-| (3 | as, to relax the joints. : Milton.
into a disease from a convalescent state ;| thing else. To make less severe or rigorous; to re-
a. relapse into a vicious course oflife. [In| mit or abate in strictness; as, to relar a
Every thing sustains both an absolute and a
the sense of aperson relapsing, not used.] law or rule of justice; to relawa demand.
relative capacity; an absolute, as it is such a
RIELAPS’ER, ». One that relapses into} thing, endued with such a nature ; and a rela- er | i ; : Swift.
arcs
vice or error. tive, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands |4. To remit or abate in attention, assiduity
RELAPS/ING, ppr. Sliding or falling back,) in such a relation to the whole. South. || or labor; as, to relax study ; to relax ex-
as into disease or vice. | 3. Incident to man in society; as relative! | ertions or efforts.
RELA/TE, v. t. (L. relatus, refero; re and rights and duties. '5. To unbend ; to ease; to relieve from close
fero, to produce. | 4, Particular ; positive. [Not in use.] attention; as, conversation relaves the
b. To tell; to recite; to narrate the partic-| Shak. student or the mind.
ulars of an event; as, to relate the story of; Relative mode, in music, the mode which the!) |G. 'To relieve from constipation; to loosen;
Priam; to relate the adventures of Don composer interweaves with the principal] to open; as, medicines relax the bowels.
Quixote. mode in the flow of the harmony. 7. To open; to loose. Milton.
2. To bring back; to restore. [.Vot in use.] Encye. 8. To make languid.
3. To ally by connection or kindred. Relative terms, in logic, terms which imply RELAX’, v. i. To abate in severity; to be-
relation, as guardian and ward; master come more mild or less rigorous.
To relate one’s self, to vent thoughts in
words. [Ill.] and servant; husband and wife. In others she relax’d again,
Relative word, in grammar, a word which| And gevern’d with a looser rein. Prior.
RELA’TE, v. 7. To have reference or re- relates to another word, called its antece- 2. To remit in close
spect; to regard. attention. It is useful
dent, or to a sentence or member of a for the student to relax often, and give
All negative words relate to positive ideas. sentence, or to a series of sentences. | himself to exercise and amusements.
Locke.
REL/ATIVE, n. A person connected by |RELAX’, n. Relaxation. [Not used.)
RELA’TED, pp. Recited; narrated. blood or affinity ; strictly, one allied by | Feltham.
2. a. Allied by kindred; connected by blood blood ; a relation; a kinsman or kinswo- RELAX‘ABLE, a. That may be remitted.
or alliance, particularly by consanguinity ; man, Barrow.
 RE L REL REL
RELAXA’TION, n. (Fr. from L. relazatio.]| RELE’/ASED, pp. Set free from confine-|
1. The act of slackening or remitting ten- REL’/EVANCE,
ment; freed from obligation or liability; REL/EVAN [See Relevant.] Fhe
sion; as a relaxation of the muscles, fibers ;™ state of being rele- CY,
freed from pain; quitclaimed. vant, or of affording relief or aid.
or nerves ; a relaxation of the whole sys- RELE/ASEMENT, n. The act of releasing
tem. Bacon. Encye. 2. Pertinence ; applicableness.
from confinement or obligation. Milton. 3. In Scots law, sufficiency to infer
2. Cessation of restraint. _ Burnet. RELE’ASER, n. One who releases. the con-
clusion.
3. Remission or abatement of rigor; asa RELE/ASING, ppr. Liberating from con-
relaxation of the law. : Swift. REL/EVANT, a. [Fr. from L. relever, to
finement or restraint ; freeing from obli- relieve, to advance, to raise ; re and lever,
4. Remission ofattention or application; as! gation or responsibility, or from pain or
a relaxation of mind, study or business. to raise. }
other evil; quitclaiming.
5. An opening or loosening. : |REL‘EGATE, ». t. [L. relego; re and lego,
1. Relieving ; lending aid or support.
RELAX’ATIVE, a. Having the quality of to send.] To banish; to send into exile. Pownall.
relaxing. [See Larative.] B. Jonson. REL/EGATED, pp. Sent into exile. 2. Pertinent ; applicable. The testimony is
RELAX’/ED, pp. Slackened ; loosened ; re- REL/EGATING, ppr. Banishing. not relevant to the case. The argument
mitted or abated in rigor or in closeness ;, RELEGA‘TION, is not relevant to the quest ion. [This is
n. [L. relegatio.] The the sense in which the word is now generally
made less vigorous; languid. act of banishment; exile. Ayliffe. used. |
RELAX‘ING, ppr. Slackening ; loosening ; RELENTY, v. i. [Fr. ralentir; Sp. relenter;
remitting or abating in rigor, severity or! It. rallentare ;Sp. ablandar ; Port. abran- 3. Sufficient to support the cause.
attention; rendering languid. dar; the two latter from blando, L. blan-| RELEVA‘ Scots Law.
RELA’Y, n. [Fr. relavs.] A supply of horses, TION, xn. A raising or lifting up.
dus, which unites the L. blandus with len- [-Vot in use.]
placed on the road to be in readiness to tus. The English is from re and L. lentus,
relieve others, that a traveler may proceed gentle, pliant, slow, the primary sense of, RELVANC E, n. [from rely.| Rest or re-
without delay. which is soft or yielding. The L. lenis is pose of mind, resulting from a full belief
2. Hunting dogs kept in readiness at certain! probably of the same family. See Bland.] of the veracity or integrity of a person, or
places to pursue the game, when the dogs 1. To soften; to become less rigid or hard; || of the certainty of a fact; trust; confi-
that have been in pursuit are Weary. | to give. dence ; dependence. We may have per-
RELA’Y, v. ¢. [re and lay.} To lay again ; fect reliance on the promises of God ; we
In some houses, sweetmeats will 7elent more have reliance on the testimony of witness-
to lay a second time; as, to relay a pave-| than in others. Bacon.
ment. Smollett. When op’ning buds salute the weleome day, es; we place reliance on men of known
And earth relenting fecls the genial ray. integrity, or on the strength and stability
RELA/YING, ppr. Laying a second time. | of government.
RELE’ASE, v. ¢. [This is usually derived Pope.
from Fr. reldcher, to slacken, to relax, It. [This sense of the word is admissible in| REL‘TE, n. (Fr. relique; L. reliquie, from
rilassare and rilasciare, and these words poetry, but is not in common use. | relinquo, to leave; re and linquo.]
have the sense of release ; but the English 2. To grow moist; to deliquesce ; applied) t. That which remains; that which is left
word has not the sense of relax, but of re to salts; as the relenting of the air. after the loss or decay ofthe rest; as the
and lease, from Fr. laisser, Eng. let, a word Bacon. relics of a town; the relics of magnifi-
that has no connection with relax. So in Salt of tartar—placed in a cellar, will begin to}, | cence ; the relics of antiquity. The relics of
G. freilassen, D. vrylaaten; free and let. relent. Boyle.) saints, real or pretended, are held in great
If it is from reldcher, it has undergone a [This sense is not in use.] || veneration by the catholics.
strange alteration. | | 3. To become less intense. [Little used.] | 2. The body of a deceased person; a corpse.
1. To set free from restraint of any kind, el- Sidney, [Usually in the plural.} Dryden. Pope.
ther physical or moral; to liberate from 4. To soften in temper; to become more REL/IOT, n. [L. relictus, relicta, from relin-
prison, confinement or servitude. Matt. mild and tender; to feel compassion. quo, to leave.]
xv. Mark xv. [This is the uswal sense ofthe word.| A widow; a woman whose husband is dead.
2. To free from ain, ’ care, ? trouble, 71sgrief, Can you behold Sprat. Garth.
&e. My tears, and not once relent? Shak.| RELIE'F, n. [Fr. relief; It. rilevo, rilievo,
3. To free from obligation or penalty ; as, RELENT’, »v. ¢. To slacken. {| from rilevare, to raise, to lift, to remove :
to release one from debt, from a promise} And oftentimes he would relent his pace Sp. relieve, relevar ; re and lk var, to raise.]
or covenant. Obs, Spenser. - The removal, in whole or in part, of any
4. 'To quit; to let go, as a legal claim; as, 2. Po soften; to mollify. Obs. Spenser.) evil that afiliets the body or mind; the
to release a debt or forfeiture. Deut. xv. RELENT’, pp. Dissolved. Obs. removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want,
5. To discharge or relinquish a right to) RELENT’, n. Remission; stay. Obs. care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any
lands or tenements, by conveying it to an-| Spenser. thing oppressive or burdensome, by which
other that has some right or estate in pos- RELENT/ING, ppr. Softening in temper : some ease is obtained. Rest gives relicf
session, as when the person in remainder) becoming more mild or compassionate. to the body when weary; an anodyne
releases his right to the tenant in posses-| RELENT'ING, n. The act of hecoming, gives relief from pain; the sympathy of
sion; when one co-parcener releases his! more mild or compassionate. friends affords some relief to the distress-
right to the other; or the mortgagee re- RELENT’LESS, a. Unmoved by pity ; un-! ed ; a loan of money to a man embarrassed
leases his claim to the mortgager. | pitying; insensible to the distresses of may afford him a temporary redicf; med-
6. To relax. [Not in use.] Hooker. others; destitute of tenderness; as a prey icines which will not curea disease, some-
RELE/ASE, n. Liberation or discharge to relentless despotism. times give a partial relief. A complete re-
from restraint of any kind, as from con- For this th’ avenging pow’r employs his lef from the troubles oflife is never to be
finement or bondage. darts, | |. expected.
~~ . Liberation
9
from care, pain or any bur- Thus will persist, relentless in his ire. |(2. That which mitigates or
removes pain,
den. Dryden.| grief or other evil. Dryden.
3 . Discharge from obligation or responsibil- Relentless thoughts, in Milton, may sig-|/)- The dismission ofa sentinel from his post,
ity, as from debt, penalty or claim of any, nify unremitted, intently fixed on disqui-) Whose place is supplied by another sol-
kind; acquittance. | eting objects. Johnson. | dier; also, the person who takes his
. In law, a release
ns or deed of release is a [This sense of the word is unusual and | place.
conveyance of a man’s right in lands or! not to be countenanced.] |4. In sculpture, &c. the projecture or prom-
tenements to another who has some es-| |RELESSEF,, n. [See Release.] The per-| inence of a figure above or beyond the
tate in possession ; a quitclaim. The ef.| son to whom a release is executed. ground or plane on which it is formed.
R
ficient words in such an instrument are, ELESSOR’, n. The person who executes Reliefis of three kinds; high relief [alto
“remised, released, and forever quitclaim- a release. relievo ;) low relief [basso relievo ;] and
ed.” Blackstone.| There must be a privity of estate between demi relief (demi relievo.] The difference
the relessor and relessee. Blackstone. is in the degree ofprojecture. High relief
 REL REL REL
is formed from nature, as when a figure RELIE/VED, pp. Freed from pain or oth- |RELIG/IONARY, a. Relating to religion ;
projects as much as the life. Low rehefis er evil; eased or cured; aided ; succor- pious. [Vot used.] Bp. Barlow.
when the figure projects but little, as in ed; dismissed from watching. RELIG/IONIST, n,. A bigot to any relig-
medals, festoons, foliages and other or,2. Alleviated or removed; as pain or dis- ious persuasion. Swift.
naments. Demi relief is when one hal tress. RELIGIOUS, a. [Fr. religieux ; L. relig-
of the figure rises from the plane. RELIE’/VER, n. One that relieves; he or iosus.|
Encyc. that which gives ease. 1. Pertaining or relating to religion ; as a
on In painting, the appearance ofprojection, |RELIE/VING, ppr. Removing pain or dis- religious society; a religious sect; a re-
or the degree of boldness which a figure tress, or abating the violence of it; eas- ligious place; religious subjects.
exhibits to the eye at a distance. ing; curing ; assisting ;dismissing from a 2. ious ; godly ; loving and reverencing
. In feudal law, a fine or composition which post, as a sentinel; supporting. the Supreme Being and obeying his pre-
the heir of a tenant, holding by knight’s RELIE’VO, n. [{t.] Relief; prominence of cepts ; as a religious man.
service or other tenure, paid to the lord figures in statuary, architecture, &c.; ap- 3. Devoted to the practice of religion; as a
at the death ofthe ancestor, for the privi- parent prominence of figures in painting. religious life.
lege of taking up the estate which, on RELIGHT, v. t. reli/te. [re and light.] To 4. Teaching religion; containing religious
strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fall- light anew; to illuminate again. subjects or the doctrines and precepts of
en to the lord on the death of the tenant. 2. To rekindle ; to set on fire again. religion, or the discussion of topics of re-
This relief consisted of horses, arms, mon- RELIGHTED, pp. Lighted anew; rekin- ligion ; asa religious book.
ey and the like, the amount of which was dled. 5. Exact; strict ;such as religion requires;
originally arbitrary, but afterwards fixed RELIGHTING, ppr. Lighting again; re- as a religious observance of vows or prom-
at acertain rate by law. It is not paya- kindling. ises.
ble, unless the heir at the death of his RELIGION, n. relijon. [Fr. Sp. religion; 6. Engaged by vows to a monastic life; as
ancestor had attained to the age of twenty It. religione ;L. religio, from religo, to bind a religious order or fraternity.
one years. Blackstone. Encye. anew; re and ligo, to bind. This word 7. Appropriated to the performance of sa-
seems originally to have signified an oath cred or religious duties; as a religious
ae A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong or vow to the gods, or the obligation of
suffered ; redress ; indemnification. He house. Law.
such an oath or vow, which was held
applied to chancery, but could get no re- RELIG/IOUS, n. A person bound by mo-
lief. He petitioned the legislature and very sacred by the Romans.] nastic vows, or sequestered from secular
obtained relief. 1. Religion, in its most comprehensive sense, concerns and deyoted to a life of piety and
includes a belief in the being and perfec-
8. The exposure of any thing by the prox- devotion ; a monk or friar; a nun.
imity of something else. Johnson. tions of God, in the revelation of his will RELIG‘IOUSLY, adv. Piously ;with love
to man, in man’s obligation to obey his and reverence to the Supreme Being; in
RELIER, n. [from rely.] One who relies, commands, in a state of reward and pun-
or places full confidence in. obedience to the divine commands.
ishment, and in man’s accountableness to
RELIE/VABLE, a. Capable of being re- Drayton.
God; and also true godliness or piety of] 2. According to the rites of religion. —Shak.
lieved ; that may receive relief. Hale. life, with the practice of all moral duties. 3. Reverently ; with veneration. Duppa.
RELIE'VE, v. t. [Fr. relever ; L. relevo. It therefore comprehends theology, as a 4. Exactly ; strictly ; conscientiously ; as a
See Relief.] system of doctrines or principles, as well || vow or promise religiously observed.
1. To free, wholly or partially, from pain, as practical piety; for the practice of RELIG/IOUSNESS, n. The quality or state
grief, want, anxiety, care, toil, trouble, moral duties without a belief in a divine of being religious.
burden, oppression, or any thing that is lawgiver, and without reference to his
will or commands, is not religion. IRELIN’QUISH, v.¢. [L. relinquo; re and
considered to be an evil; to ease of any linquo, to leave, to fail or faint; from the
thing that pains the body or distresses the Religion, as distinct from theology, is god-
liness or real piety in practice, consisting same root as liqueo, liquo, to melt or dis-
mind. Repose relieves the wearied body ; solve, deliquium, a fainting, Ir. leagham,
a supply of provisions relieves a family in in the performance of all known duties to
God and our fellow men, in obedience to to melt. Hence the sense is to withdraw
want ; medicines may relieve the sick man, or give way; to relinquish is to recede
even when they do not cure him. We all divine command, or from love to God and
his law. Jamesi. || from. It is probably allied to flag and
desire to be relieved from anxiety and from slack ; W. llac, llaciaw, to slacken; llegu,
heavy taxes. Law or duty, or both, re- Religion will attend you—as a pleasant and
quire that we should relieve the poor and useful companion, in every proper place and | to flag. Class Lg.]
every temperate occupation of life. 1. To withdraw from; to leave; to quit. It
destitute. may be to forsake or abandon, but it does
. | Buckminster.
2. To alleviate or remove ; as when we say,||Y Religion, as distinct from virtue, or moral-, not necessarily express the sense of the
to relieve pain or distress; to relieve the ity, consists in the performance of the du- latter. A man may relinquish an enter-
wants of the poor. ties we owe directly to God, from a prin-) prise fora time, or with a design never to
on To dismiss from a post or station, as sen- resume it. In general, to relinquish is
>|
ciple of obedience to his will. Hence we
tinels, a guard or ships, and station oth- often speak of religion and virtue, as dif-, to leave without the intention of resum-
ers in their place. Sentinels are generally! ferent branches of one system, or the du-| ing, and equivalent to forsake, but is less
relicved every two hours; a guard is usu-| ties of the first and second tables of the emphatical than abandon and desert.
ally relieved once in twenty four hours. | law. They placed Irish tenants on the lands re-
4. To right; to ease of any burden, wrong) Let us with caution indulge the supposition,} linquished by the English. Davies.
or oppression by judicial or legislative that morality can be maintained without relig-| 2. To forbear; to withdraw from; as, to
interposition, by the removal of a griey- ion. Washington. relinquish the practice of intemperance;
ance, by indemnification for losses and . Any system of faith and worship. In this) to relinquish the rites of a church.
the like. . sense, religion comprehends the belief and) Hooker.
5. To abate the inconvenience of any thing worship of pagans and Mohammedans, 3. To give up; to renounce a claim to; as,
by change, or by the interposition of some- as well as ofchristians ; any religion con- to relinquish a debt.
thing dissimilar. The moon relieves the sisting in the belief of a superior power or To relinquish back, or to, to give up; to re-
luster of the sun with a milder light. powers governing the world, and in the lease; to surrender ; as, to relinquish a
The poet must not encumber his poem with|| worship of such power or powers. ‘Thus claim to another.
too much business, but sometimes relieve the we speak of the religion of the Turks, of, RELIN/QUISHED, pp. Left; quitted ; giv-
subject with a moral reflection. lddison. the Hindoos, of the Indians, &c. as well en up.
. To assist ;to support. as of the christian religion. We speak of) RELIN’/QUISHER, x. One who leaves or
Parallels or like relations alternately relieve false religion, as well as of true religion. quits.
each other; when neither will pass asunder, 5. The rites of religion ; in the plural. |RELIN/QUISHING, ppr. Quitting; leav-
vet are they plausible together. Brown.|) Milton. ing; giving up.
 RE L REM REM
RELIN’QUISHMENT, xn. The act of leay- RELU'CENT, a. [L. relucens, reluceo; re |REMA/IN, v. 7. [L. remaneo ; reand maneo,
ing or quitting ;a forsaking ;the renounc- and luceo, to shine.| o-oo
ing a claim to, f Shining ; transparent ; clear ; pellucid ; as Gr, weve, wevea ; Pers. reX34 mandan,
RELIQUARY, x. [Fr. reliquaire, from L. a relucent stream. Thomson. re
relinquo. | , y RELU€T’, v. i. [L. reluctor ;re and luctor,
A depository for relies; a casket in which to struggle.} 'To strive or struggle against. and Odaila manidan, to remain, to
relics are kept. _ Encye. [Little used.] be left, to delay, to be like, to dismiss, to
RELIQ'UIDATE, v. t.. [re and liquidate.]
To liquidate anew ; to adjust a second time. RELU€T’/ANCE, {literally a straining leave. The sense seems to be to draw
RELIQ'UIDATED, pp. Liquidated again. RELU€T’ANCY, bn, or striving against. | out in time, or to be fixed, or to continue.
RELIQ'UIDATING, ppr. — Liquidating Unwillingness; great opposition of mind; See analogies in leave. The sense oflike-
again. repugnance ; with do or against ; as, to un- hess may be a drawing.]
RELIQUIDA’TION, n. A second or re- dertake a war with reluctance. He has a l. for To continue; to rest or abide in a place
a time indefinite. They remained a
newed liquidation; a renewed adjust- great reluctance to this measure.
ment. Hamilton. Bear witness, heav’n, with what reluctancy
month in Rome. We remain at an inn
REL‘ISH, n. Taste; or rather, a pleasing Her helpless innocence I doom to die. fora night, for a week, ora longer time.
Dryden. Remain a widow at thy father’s house, till
taste; that sensation of the organs which Shelah my son be grown.
is experienced when we take food or RELUCTANT, a. Striving against; un- 2. To be left after "Gen. xxxviii.
drink of an agreeable flavor. Different others have withdrawn ;
willing: much opposed in heart. to rest or abide in the same place when
persons have different relishes. Relish is Reluctant now I touch’d the trembling string. others remove, or are lost, destroyed or
often natural, and often the effect of habit. | Tickell, taken away.
2. Liking ; delight; appetite. 2. Unwilling ; acting with slight repug- Noah only remained alive, and
We have such a relish for faction, as to have they
that were
nance ; coy. Milton. with him in the ark. Gen. vii.
lost that of wit. Addison. 3. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; 3. To be left after a part or others have
3. Sense; the faculty of perceiving excel- past.
granted with reluctance ; as reluctant obe- Let our remaining time or years be em-
lence ; taste; as a relish for fine writing, dience. Mitford.
or a relish of fine writing. Addison uses ployed in active duties.
both of and for atier relish. RELUCT/ANTLY, adv. With opposition 4. To continue unchanged, or in a particu-
lar state. He remains stupid; he remains
4, That which gives pleasure ; the power of| of heart; unwillingly. What is underta-
pleasing. ken reluctantly is seldom well performed. in a low state of health.
When liberty is gone, |RELUCT’ATE, v. t. To resist; to struggle 5. Not to be lost; not to escape ; not to be
Life grows insipid and has lost its relish. against. Decay of Piety.) forgotten.
Addison. RELU€TA’TION, n. Repugnance ; resist- All my wisdom remained with me. Ecelus.
5. Cast; manner. | ance. Bacon.) G. To be left, out of a greater number or
It preserves some relish of old writing. quantity. Part of the debt is paid; that
|JRELUCTING, ppr. Striving to resist.
Pope. 2. a. Averse ; unwilling. which remains will be on interest,
6. Taste; asmall quantity just perceptible. IRELU'M®, v.¢. [Fr.rallumer; L. re and lu- That which remaineth over, lay up for you
Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude, to be kept till the morming. Ex. xvi.
men, light.) To rekindle; to light again. ‘7. To be left as not
i have no relish of them. Shak. included or comprised,
REL/ISH, v. t. To give an agreeable taste Pope. There remains one argument which has
|
to. RELU'MED, pp. Rekindled; lighted again. not been considered.
A sav’ry bit that serv’d to relish wine. RELU/MINE, v. ¢. [It. ralluminare ; L. re-| That an elder brother has power over
his
Dryden.|| lumino ; re and lumen, light, from luceo, to} brethren, remains to be proved.
Locke.
2. To like the taste of; as, to relish venison. shine. ] |i8. To continue in the same state.
3. To be gratified with the enjoymentor 1. To light anew ; to rekindle. Shak, Childless thou art, childless remain.
use of. 2. To illuminate again. |
Milton.
He knows how to prize his advantages and |RELU’MINED, pp. Rekindled; illumina-| REMAIN,
v. t. To await; to be left to; as)
to relish the honors which he enjoys. ted anew.
the easier conquest now remains
Atterbury. [RELU/MING, ppr. Kindling or lighting | [This is elliptical for remains to thee. thee.
Men of nice palates would not relish Aristot- anew. Re.
main is not properly a transitive verb.]
le, as dressed up by the schoolmen. Baker. RELU’MINING, ppr.
Rekindlingg3 ; enlight-| |REMA‘IN, n. That which is left;
REL/ISH, v. i. To have a pleasing taste. ening anew. a corpse;
The greatest dainties do not always relish. RELY’, v. z. [re and lie, or from the root of}|| also, abode. [Not used.]
|REMA/INDER, n. Any thing left after the
2. To give pleasure. lie, lay.) separation and removal of a part.
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it To rest on something, as the mind when
would not have relished among my other dis- if these decoctions be repeated till the Water
satisfied of the veracity, integrity or abili- comes off clear, the remainder yields no
credits, Shak. salt,
3. To have a flavor. ty of persons, or of the certainty of facts) Irbuthnot.
; , | or of evidence ; to have confidence in ; to! The last remainders of unhappy Troy.
A theory which, how much soever it may rel- trust in; to depend ; with on. We rely on
ish of wit and invention, hath no foundation in Dryden,
nature. Woodward.
the promise of aman who is known to be - Relics; remains; the corpse of a human
9~

upright; we rely on the veracity or fideli- being. [.Vol now used.] Shak.
RELISHABLE, a. Gustable; having an ty ofa tried friend; a prince relies on the 3 - That which is left after a partis past;
agreeable taste. as
| affections of his subjects for support, and! the remainder of the day or week; the
RELISHED, pp. Givin g an agreeable| on the strength of his army for success in| remainder of the year; the remainder of
taste ;received with pleasure. war; above all things, we rely on the mer- life.
RELIVE, v. i. reliv’. [re and live.] To livel cy and promises of God. That which is 4 - The sum that is left after
again ; to revive. Spenser. subtraction or
RELIVE, v. t. reliv’.
the ground of confidence, is a certainty or after any deduction.
To recall to life.|) full conviction that satisfies the mind and - In law, an estate limited
[.Vot in use.] to take effect and
Spenser.|| leaves it at rest, or undisturbed by, be enjoyed after another estate is deter-
RELOAN, v. t. [re and loan.] To loan again; doubt. mined. A grants land to B for twenty
to lend what has been lent and repaid. years; remainder to D in fee. If aman
Because thou hast relied on the king of Syria,
RELOAN, n. Asecond lending of the same and not relied on the Lord thy God— 2 by deed or will limits his books or furni-
money. President’s Message. | Chron. xvi. ture to A for life, with remainder to B, this
RELOANED, pp. Loaned again. RELY‘ING, ppr. Reposing on something, remainder is good.
RELOANING, ppr. Loaning again. Blackstone.
as the mind; confiding in; trusting in i}A writ offormedon in remainder, is
RELOVE, v. é. [re and love.| To love in re- a writ
depending. || which lies where a man gives lands to
turn. [JVot in use.] Boyle. IREMA’DE, pret. and pp. of remake. an-
other for life or in tail, with remainder to
 REM REM REM
'
a third person in tail or in fee, and he who (REM ARKABLENESS, — 2. Observable-| | fectual remedy for intemperance, will de-
has the particular estate dies without is- ness ;worthiness of remark; the quality serve every thing from his fellow men.
sue heritable, and a stranger intrudes upon of deserving particular notice. 3. That which cures uneasiness.
him in remainder and keeps him out of Hammond. Our griefs how swift, our remedies how slow.
possession ;in this case, the remainder- REM‘ARKABLY, adv. Ina manner or de- Prior.
man shall have bis writ of formedon in gree worthy of notice; as, the winters of 4. That which repairs loss or disaster;ae
the remainder. Blackstone. 1825, 1826 and 1828 were remarkably free ration.
REMA/‘INDER, a. Remaining; refuse ; left; from snow. The winter of 1827 was re- In the death of a man there is no remedy.
as the remainder biscuit; the remainder markable for a great quantity of snow. Wisdom.
viands. Obs. Shak. 2. In an extraordjnary manner. REM’EDY, v. t. [Fr. remedier.] To cure;
to heal; as, to remedy a disease. f
REMA‘INDER-MAN, n. In law, he who REM‘ARKED, pp. Noticed ;observed ; ex-
pressed in words or writing. 2. To cure; to remove, as an evil; as, to
has an estate afier a particular estate is
determined. Blackstone. REM'‘ARKER, n. An observer ; one who remedy grief; to remedy the evils of a war.
REMAINING, ppr. Continuing; resting ; makes remarks. Watts. 3. 'To repair; to remove mischief; in a very
general sense.
abiding for an indefinite time ; being left /IREM‘ARKING, ppr. Observing ;_ taking REM’EDYING, ppr. Curing ; healing; re-
after separation and removal of a part, or notice of; expressing in words or wri-
after loss or destruction, or after a part is ting. moving ; restoring from a bad to a good
REMARRIED, pp. Married again or a state.
passed, as of time. REMELT,, v. t. [re and melt.] To melt a
REMA/INS, n. plu. That which is left af- second time.
second time.
ter a part is separated, taken away or de- REMAR/RY, v. t. [re and marry.] To mar- REMELT’ED, pp. Melted again.
stroyed ; as the remains of a city or house ry again or a second time. Tindal.
demolished. REMAR/RYING, ppr. Marrying again or REMELT'ING, ppr. Melting again.
a second time. REMEMBER, v.¢. [Norm. remembre ; Low
2, A dead body ; a corpse. Pope. L. rememoror ;re and memoror. See Mem-
The singular, remain, in the like sense, REMAS’TICATE, v. t. [re and masticate.]ory.|
and in the sense of abode, is entirely ob- To chew or masticate again; to chew
over and over, as in chewing the cud. il. To have in the mind an idea which had
solete. Shak. been in the mind before, and which re-
REMA’KE, v. t. pret. and pp. remade. [re REMAS’TICATED, pp. Chewed again or curs to the mind without effort.
and make.| ‘To make anew. repeatedly.
We are said to remember any thing, when the
REMAND, v. t. [Fr. remander ; L. re and REMAS/TICATING, ppr. Chewing again
idea of it arises in the mind with the conscious-
mando. | or over and over. ness that we have had this idea before.
To call or send back him or that which is REMASTI€A/TION, n. The act of masti- Watts.
ordered to a place ; as, to remand an offi- cating again or repeatedly. . When we use effort to recall an idea, we
cer from a distant place; to remand an REME/DIABLE, a. [from remedy.) That are said to recollect it. This distinction is
envoy from a foreign court. may be remedied or cured. The evil is not always observed. Hence remember is
REMANDED, pp. Called or sent back. believed to be remediable. often used as synonymous with recollect,
REM'‘ANDING, ppr. Calling or sending REME/DIAL, a. [L. remedialis.] Affording that is, to call to mind. We say, we can-
back. a remedy ; intended for a remedy, or for not remember a fact, when we mean, we
REM’ANENT, n. [L. remanens.] The part the removal of an evil. cannot recollect it.
remaining. [Little used. Itis contracted The remedial part of law is so necessary a Remember the days of old. Deut. xxxii.
into remnant. | consequence of the declaratory and directory, 3. To bear or keep in mind; to attend to.
that laws without it must be very vague and im-
REM/ANENT, a. Remaining. [Little used.] perfect. Statutes are declaratory or remedial.
Remember what 1 warn thee ; shun to taste.
Taylor. Blackstone. Milton.
REMARK, n. [Fr. remarque ; re and mark.] 4. To preserve the memory of; to preserve
Notice or observation, particularly notice REMEDIATE, in the sense of remedial, is from being forgotten.
or observation expressed in words or wri- not in use. Let them have their wages duly paid,
ting; as the remarks of an advocate ; the IREM‘EDIED, pp. [from remedy.] Cured 5 And something over to remember me.
remarks made in conversation ; the judi- healed ; repaired. | Shak.
cious or the uncandid remarks of a critic. REMED'ILESS, a. [In modern books, the 5. To mention. [.Vot in use.] Ayliffe.
A remark is not always expressed, for we accent is placed on the first syllable, which 6. To put in mind; to remind; as, to re-
say, a man makes his remarks ona preach- would be well if there were no deriva- member one ofhis duty. [Mot in use.]
er’s sermon while he is listening to it. In tives; but remedilessly, remedilessness, re- Clarendon.
this case the notice is silent, a mere act of| quire the accent on the second syllable. | 7. To think of and consider; to meditate.
the mind. i Not admitting a remedy ; incurable ; des- Ps, Ixiii.
REMARK, »v. t. [Fr. remarquer.] To ob-|| perate ; as a remediless disease. 8. To bear in mind with esteem; or to re-
serve; to note in the mind; to take no- 2. Irreparable ; as, a loss or damage is remedi- ward. Eccles. ix.
tice of without expression. I remarked less. 9. To bear in mind with praise or admira-
the manner of the speaker; I remarked 3. Not admitting change or reversal ; as a tion; to celebrate. 1 Chron. xvi.
his elegant expressions. remediless doom. Milton. 10. To bear in mind with favor, care, and
2. 'To express in words or writing what one 4, Not admitting recovery ; as a remediless regard for the safety or deliverance of
thinks or sees ;to express observations ;
delusion. South. any one. Ps.Ixxiv. Gen. viii. Gen. xix.
as, itis necesSary to repeat what has been)|
REMED/ILESSLY, adv. In a manner or 11. To bear in mind with intent to reward
degree that precludes a remedy. or punish. 3 John 10. Jer. xxxi.
before remarked. Clarendon. 12. To bear in mind with confidence ; to
3. To mark; to point out; to distinguish.
REMED/‘ILESSNESS, x. Incurableness. trustin. Ps. xx.
[Vol in use.]
His manacles remark him. Milton. REMEDY, n. [L. remedium ; re and medeor, 13. To bear in mind with the purpose of as-
REMARKABLE, a. [Fr.remarquable.] Ob- to heal ; Fr. reméde.} sisting or relieving. Gal. ii.
servable ; worthy of notice. 1. That which cures a disease; any medi- 14. To bear in mind with reverence ; to
Tis remarkable that they cine or application which puts an end to || obey.
Talk most, who have the least to say. | disease and restores health ; with for; as | Remember thy Creator in the days of thy
Prior. a remedy for the gout. youth. Eecles. xii.
2. Extraordinary ; unusual; that deserves) 2. That which counteracts an evil of any 15. To bear in mind with regard ; to keep
particular notice, or that may excite ad- kind; with for, to or against ; usually with as sacred ; to observe.
miration or wonder; as the remarkable for. Civil government is the remedy for Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
preservation of lives in shipwreck. The the evils of natural liberty. What remedy Ex. xx.
dark day in May, 1790, was a remarkable! can be provided for extravagance in |T'o remember mercy, is to exercise it. Hab.
phenomenon. dress? The man who shall invent an ef- VM.
 REM REM REM
REMEM’BERED, pp. Kept in mind; re- To remove back again to a former place or business, duty or engagement in the prop-
collected. state; toreturn. [See Migrate.] Boyle. er time or with the requisite industry.
REMEM’BERER, n. One that remembers. REMIGRA’TION, n. Removal back again; Denham. Arbuthnot.
Wotton. a migration to a former place. Hale. REMIT’, v. t. [L. remilto, to send back; re
REMEMBERING, ppr. Having in mind.. REMIND, v. t. [re and mind.] To put in and mitto, to send; Er. remettre; It. rimet-
REMEM’BRANCE, n. [Fr.] The retain- mind; to bring to the remembrance of ; tere ;Sp. remitir.]
ing or having in mind an idea which had as, to remind a person of his promise. jl. To relax, as intensity ;to make less tense
been present before, or an idea which had 2. To bring to notice or consideration. The or violent.
been previously received from an object infirmities of old age remind us of our So willingly doth God remit his ire.
when present, and which recurs to the mortality. Milton.
mind afterwards without the presence of| REMINDED, pp. Put in mind. 2. To forgives to surrender the right of
its object. Technically, remembrance dif- REMINDING, ppr. Putting in mind; call- punishing a crime; as, to remit punish-
fers from reminiscence and recollection, as ing attention to. | ment. Dryden.
the former implies that an idea occurs to REMINIS’CENCE, n. [Fr. from L. remin- |3. ‘To pardon, as a fault or crime.
the mind spontaneously, or without much iscens, reminiscor, Gr. wraouar. See Mem- Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remit-
mental exertion. The latter imply the ory.) ted to them. John xx.
power or the act of recalling ideas which 1. That faculty of the mind by which ideas ‘4. To give up; to resign.
do not spontaneously recur to the mind. formerly received into it, but forgotten, In grievous and
inhuman crimes, offenders
The righteous shall be in everlasting re- are recalled or revived in the memory. should be remitted to their prince. Hayward.
membrance. Ps. exii. | Encyce. 5. To refer ; as a clause that remitted all to
Remembrance is when the same idea recurs,| |2. Recollection; recovery of ideas that had the bishop’s discretion. Bacon.
without the operation of the like object on the, | escaped from the memory.
external sensory. Locke.,
Hale. 6. 'To send back.
The pris’ner was remitted to the guard.
2. Transmission of a fact from one to an-| REMINISCEN’TIAL, a. Pertaining to re- | Dryden
other. || miniscence or recollection. Brown. 7. To transmit money, bills or other thing in
Titan REMISE, v. t. sas z. (Fr. remise, from re-| payment tor goods received. American
Among the heay’ns th’ immortal fact dis-) mettre ; L. remissus, remitto ; re and mitto,| merchants remit money, bills of exchange
play’d, to send.]
or some species of stock, in payment for
Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.) To give or grant back; to release a claim; British goods.
Addison.| to resign or surrender by deed. A B hath 8. To restore.
3. Account preser