LECTURE CONTENTS Page

01 Basic Informatio  Border & Bounderies 02

 Current & Old Name  Rivers, Islands and Chars
02  Liberation War  Formation of Mujobnagar Govt 17
 Formulation of Constitution and Amendments
03  Economy of Bangladesh  Banking system in Bangladesh 32
 Central Bank of Bangladesh & our Currency  FYP
 Regional Economic Organizations 48
04  International Economic Organizations
 Financial Organizations
 The United Nations and its related organizations 64
05  Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
 EU, OIC, NAM, NATO, Arab League & Commonwealth
 Continents  Capital & Currency 80
06  Oceans  Major Straits of the world
 Most Famous Awards  Games & Sports

ectu Name:
Batch:

01 MaMasterClass.Ctg

GK-Lecture-01-06 1
 Lecture - 01
Teacher’s Content
Basic Information  Border & Bounderies
 Current & Old Name  Rivers, Islands and Chars

Content Discussion
Introduction of Bangladesh & Ancient to Modern Period of Bangladesh
Basic Information Tribes of Bangladesh
Rivers & Chars National Monuments and Memorials
Division and District based Information Tourism of Bangladesh
Historical Places in Bangladesh Museums of Bangladesh
Sculpture of Bangladesh Architecture of Bangladesh
History of Ancient Period History of Middle Age
National Affairs of Bangladesh
Hazrat Shahjalal International
✓ Language : Bengali ✓ Airport :
Airport
Amar Sonar Bangla (First 10
✓ Anthom : ✓ Museum : National Museum, Shahbagh, Dhaka
Charan)
✓ Bird : Doel ✓ Flag : Red Circle on Green
✓ Flower : Shapla ✓ Poet : Kazi Nazrul Islam
✓ Animal : Royal Bengal Tiger ✓ Religion : Islam
✓ Forest : Sundarbans ✓ Sport : Kabaddi
✓ Tree : Mango Tree ✓ Memorial : A collective effort of Independence
✓ Fruit : Jackfruit ✓ Day : March 26
✓ Fish : Hilsa ✓ Stadium : Bangabandhu Stadium
A water lily, that is bordered on two
sides by rice sheaves. Above the
✓ Mosque : Baitul Mukarram ✓ Symbol :
water lilly are four stars and a three
connected jute leaves.

National Flag of Bangladesh

✓ The National Flag of Bangladesh first raised- 2 march 1971
✓ The national Flag first raised- The Dhaka University at a student gathering.
✓ First raised the national Flag- A S M Abdur Rob
✓ Shekh Mujib First raise the National Flag- 23 March 1971 in his Dhanmondi’s House.
✓ Outside of Bangladesh the National Flag first raised- Pakistani High Commission at Kolkata.
✓ Colure of the National Flag of Bangladesh- A red Circle bestowed with deep green color.
✓ Designer of the National Flag- Kamrul Hasan
✓ Measure of the National Flag- 10:6 or 5:3
✓ Raising the National flag- 2 March, 1971.
✓ The national flag is raised in the- 26 March 16 December, any other day that declared by the Govt.
✓ The national flag of Bangladesh is similar to- The National flag of Japan and Palau.

At a Glance of Border Places

District Border Places
Kurigram Roumari, Baraibari, Kalabari, Bhandarchar, Itlamari, Bhurungamari
Sylhet Jokiganj, Kanighat, Jaintapur, Sonarhat, Goainghat, Padua, Tamabil
Jessore Benapole, Sarsha, Jhikargacha
Lalmonirhat Hatibandha, Patgram, Dahgram, Mughalhat
Mymensingh Haluaghat, Karaitli
Nilphamari Chilahati
Moulvibazar Dombari, Baralekha
Feni Bilonia, Mahuriganj, Fulgazi
Panchagarh Berubari
Sherpur Nalitabari

GK-Lecture-01-06 2
 Kushtia Bhermara
Habiganj Chunarughat
Dinajpur Birol, Hili, Phulbari, Birampur
Comilla Chouddagram, Bibi Bazar, Burichong
Cox's Bazar Ukhia, Hreela
Sunamganj Doorbazar
Meherpur Gangni, Mujibnagar
Satkhira Kushakhali, Baikari, Kalaroya, Kaikhali, Padmashakhra, Debhata, Kaliganj,
Taluigacha
Chuadanga Damurhuda, Jeevannagar
Brahmanbaria Azampur, Kasba, Akhaura
Tribes of Bangladesh
✓ There are 48 tribes in Bangladesh. (Bangladesh Tribal Forum)
✓ Most people live in Bangladesh - Chakma tribe.
✓ Chakmaras are Buddhists.
✓ Chakmas live in Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban districts.
✓ The second largest tribal group in Bangladesh is the Saotal.
✓ The number of Khumi and Chak tribes in Bangladesh is less.
✓ The patriarchal tribes in Bangladesh are Marma and Hajong.
✓ Main matriarchal tribes in Bangladesh - Garo, (Khasia and
Santal). Tribal Festival
✓ There are no tribes living in Bangladesh - Maori, Moor, Tribe Name of the festival
Pygmy, Negro, Zulu, Kulu, Kurd, Afridi, Toda, Sherpa,
Caucasian etc. Tripura Baisuk
✓ Pangan tribes are Muslims. Marma Sangrai
✓ The 'Rakhine' tribes came to this country - from Arakan in Chakma Biju
Myanmar. Garo Wangala
✓ 'Rakhine' tribes live - Patuakhali.
✓ The 'Rajbanshi' tribes live in Rangpur. Rakhine Sangrang
✓ Most inhabited by tribes- Rangamati, Bandarban and Morong Chiachat
Khagrachari. Khiang Sanglan
✓ The name of Murong's festival is Mutsalong.
✓ 'Vaisabi' is the traditional main social festival of the tribes of Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is celebrated to bid
farewell to the old year and welcome the new year.
✓ The flag of revolt against the merchants was raised by Chakma Jumia leader Jumma Khan.
✓ Most books written on tribal and tribal lifestyles - Abdus Sattar (Forest Towns, Forest Culture).
✓ Marma tribes live in Cox's Bazar.
✓ The annual celebration of the Chakmas is called- Biju.
✓ The main festival of the Garos is Wangala.

Rivers of Bangladesh
✓ Number of rivers in Bangladesh including branches - 310 (Water Development Board).
✓ Longest, widest and deepest river of Bangladesh – Meghna.
✓ Smallest river of Bangladesh - Gobra (length 4 km).
✓ Drought river of Bangladesh - Karnaphuli.
✓ River dividing Bangladesh and Myanmar- Naf.
✓ Length of Naf river- 56 km.
✓ River dividing Bangladesh and India- Hariyabhanga.
✓ India built Farakka Dam – on Ganga River.
✓ South Talpatti Island is situated in the estuary of Hariyavanga River.
✓ Source of river Meghna- Lusai hills of Assam.
✓ Name of Meghna at origin- Barak River.
✓ The Meghna flows into two parts - Surma and Kushiara.
✓ Buckland Dam is located on the shores of Buriganga (in 1864).
✓ River originating and terminating in the waters of Bangladesh - Halda (Sangu if not Halda).
✓ Kaptai Hydroelectric Station is located on the Karnaphuli River.
✓ Kaptai Hydroelectric Station was constructed in 1962.
✓ Artificial lake created by dam- in Karnaphuli River.
✓ Tides are not ebb- in river Gomti.
✓ Gomti River is called - Comilla's sorrow.
✓ Total common or transboundary rivers of Bangladesh – 57 (Joint Rivers Commission).
✓ Inter-border rivers flowing between India-Bangladesh- 54
✓ River entering India from Bangladesh- 1 (Kulikh).
✓ Named after a person – Rupsa River (named after Rup Lal Sahar).

GK-Lecture-01-06 3
✓ The former name of Yamuna River- Yonai River.
✓ Former name of Buriganga River – Dolai River (Dolai Canal).
✓ The earlier name of Brahmaputra river- Lauhitya.
✓ Former name of Padma river- Kirtinasha.
✓ Rivers coming from Myanmar to Bangladesh- 3. Naf, Matamuhuri and Sangu.
✓ Nijhum Island is located in the mouth of Meghna River.
✓ Main river port of Bangladesh- Narayanganj.
✓ River Research Institute of Bangladesh is located in Faridpur.
✓ A district is named after a river – Feni.
✓ Tipaimukh is located in Manipur state of India (100 km away from Jakiganj border area of Sylhet, Bangladesh).
✓ India has recently taken up a plan to dam- Barak River at a place called Tipaimukh.
Origin of Rivers
Names of Rivers Place of Origin
Padma Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas
Meghna Lusai Hills south of Naga Manipur Hills in Assam
Brahmaputra, Yamuna From the Manas Sarovar Lake in the Kailash Range of Tibet
Karnafuli Longleh in the Lusai hills of Mizoram
Sangu Arakan Hills on Myanmar-Bangladesh border
Halda Badnatali mountain peak of Khagrachari
Feni Hills of Tripura Hilltrscts
Matamuhuri Moivar Mountain of Lama
Teesta/Kartoa Hill region of Sikkim

Chars of Bangladesh
Locations Chars
Sundarbans Dublar Char, Patni Char
Char Manik, Char Jabbar, Char Jangli, Char Manpura, Char Kukdi Mukdi, Char
Bhola
Newton, Char Nizam, Char Kalmi, Char Faizuddin
Lakshmipur Char Alexander, Char Ghazaria
Hatia, Noakhali Char Srijani, Char Shahabani
Swandeep, Chittagong Uri Char
Feni Honey Bee Char
Rajshahi Nirmal Char

The mountains of Bangladesh

✓ The hills of Bangladesh were formed during the Tertiary period.
✓ The hills of Bangladesh are of the fold mountain class.
✓ High mountain of Bangladesh - Garo Mountain.
✓ Garo Pahar is located in Mymensingh district.
✓ The average height of the hills of Bangladesh is 2050 feet.
✓ 'Uranium' was found in Kulaura hills.
✓ 'Kulaura Pahar' is located in Moulvibazar district.
✓ 'Chandranath's Hill' is located in Sitakunda, Chittagong.
✓ 'Chandranath Hill' is famous for being a pilgrimage site for Hindus.
✓ 'Lalmai Pahar' is located in Comilla.
✓ The average height of Lalmai hill is 15 meters.
✓ The area of Lalmai hill is 33.65 square kilometers.
✓ 'Alutila' is located in Khagrachari.
✓ 'Chimbuk Pahar' is located in Bandarban.
✓ The 'Marma' tribes live - at the foothills of the Chimbuk Hills.
✓ The highest peak of Bangladesh is Tajing Dong.
✓ 'Tajing Dong' is known as - Vijay.
✓ "Tajing Dong" is located in Bandarban district.
✓ 'Tajing Dong' - Marma word. It means mountain in deep forest.
✓ The height of 'Tajing Dong' is 1231 miter or 4039 feet.
✓ The second highest peak in Bangladesh is Keokradong.
✓ Height of Keokradong- 1230 miter or 4035.43 feet.
✓ Keokradong is located in Bandarban district.
The third highest mountain peak in Bangladesh is Chimbuk Peak (Bandarban).

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 National Monuments and Memorials
Shaheed Minar
The Shaheed Minar is a national monument in Dhaka, Bangladesh, established to commemorate those killed during
the Bengali Language Movement demonstrations of 1952.

National Martyrs’ Memorial

The National Martyrs’ Memorial is the national monument of Bangladesh is the symbol in the memory of the valour
and the sacrifice of all those who gave their lives in the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. It was designed by
Syed Mainul Hossain.
Martyred Intellectuals Memorial
The Martyred Intellectuals Memorial is a memorial built in memory of the martyred intellectuals of Bangladesh
Liberation War. The memorial, located at Rayerbazar, Mohammadpur Thana in Dhaka, was designed by architect
Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.
Column of Independence
Swadhinata Stambha or Independence Monument is a national monument in Bangladesh to commemorate the
historical events that took place in the Suhrawardy Udyan, previously known as Ramna Race Course ground regarding
the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Kashef Mahboob Chowdhury and Marina Tabassum designed the project.

Other National and Official Symbols

Title Symbol and Notes
Official Name People’s Republic of Bangladesh
The state religion is Islam, but with the equal status and equal right in
State Religion
the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other religions.
Father of the Nation Shekh Mujibur Rahrnan
National Hero Muham mod Ataul Goni Osmani
Historical Hero Siraj ud-Daulah & Shamsher Gazi
Document Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
National Poet Kazi Nozrul Islam
National Language Bangla
National Personification Bangamata
National Calendar Bonggabdo
National Dress Sari (female) and Kurta (male)
Mammal Ganges River Dolphin
National River Jomuna
National Game Kabadi (Ha-Du-Du)
National Park Bhawal National Park
National Mosque Baitul Mukarrom
National temple Dhakeshori Temple
Mountain Keokradong
National Museum National Museum of Bangladesh
National Library National Library of Bangladesh

Tourism
Beaches in Bangladesh Cox’s Bazar
Beach, Cox’s Bazar Cox’s Bazar Beach, located at Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, is the second longest unbroken sea
beach in the world, after Brazil’s Praia do Cassino beach, running 120 kilometers (75 ml). It is the top tourist
destination of Bangladesh.

GK-Lecture-01-06 5
Inani Beach, Cox’s Bazar
Inani Beach is an 18-kilometre-long sea beach in Ukhia Upazila of Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh. It has a lot of
coral stones, which are very sharp. These coral stones look black and green, and they are found in summer or rainy
seasons.
Neval Beach, Chattogram (Chittagong) City
It is very close to the Bangladesh Naval Academy of the Bangladesh Navy. The Shah Amanat International Airport is
situated very close of these spots. Neval Beach is Located 14 kilometers south of the port city of Chattogram,
Bangladesh.
Patenga Beach, Chattogram City
Patenga is a sea beach located 14 kilometres south of the port city of Chattogram, Bangladesh. It is near the mouth of
the Karnaphuli River.
Kuakata, Patuakhali
Kuakata is a town known for its panoramic sea beach. It is in southeastern Bangladesh and is the number two tourist
destination in the country. Kuakata beach is a sandy expanse 18 kilometres (11 ml) long and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi)
wide. From the beach one can have an unobstructed view of both sunrise and sunset over the Bay of Bengal.
Saint Martin Island, Cox’s Bazar
St. Martin’s island is a small island (area only 8 km2) in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal. There is a small
adjoining island that is separated at high tide, called Chera Dwip. It is about S kilometres (5 miles) west of the
northwest coast of Myanmar, at the mouth of the Naf River.
Eco-Park
✓ Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Ecopark (1999) Sitakunda, Chattogram (Chittagong).
✓ Banshkhali Ecopark (2003)- Banshkhali, Chattogram.
✓ Madhabkunda Ecopark (2001)- Barolekha, Moulavibazar.
✓ Madhutila Ecopark (1999)- Nalitabari, Sherpur.
✓ Bangabandhu/jamuna Ecopark (1998)- Shirajganj.
✓ Kuakata Ecopark (2005)- Kalapara, Patuakhali.
✓ Jafflong Green Park (2008)- Goainghat, Syihet.

Waterfall in Bangladesh
A waterfall is a place where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a stream or
river.
Water fall Name Location Water fall Name Location
Zingsiam Saitar Bandarban Faipi Falls Bandarban
Hummum Falls Moulavibazar Sohostro Dhara Sitakunda, Chitagong
Amiakum Falls Bandarban Shuvolong Rangamati
Nafakhum Bandarban Midingachhori Rangamati
Rijuk Falls Ruma, Bandarban Recchang Jhorna Khagrachori
Shailapropat Bandarban Hati Mutani Khagrachori
Chingri Jhiri Ruma, Bandarban Toiduchori Jharna Khagrachori
Baklai Falls Bandarban Jadipai Jharna Bandarban
Patang Jhiri Ruma, Bandarban Ateka Falls Sreemongol

Historical Places in Bangladesh

✓ Panam city: This stands at Shonargoang, which was the capital of Bangladesh at the time of Esha Kha.
✓ Lalbagh kella: It is an incomplete 17th-century Mughol fort complex which is standing by Burigonga River at
Dhaka, Bangladesh. The construction was started in 1678 by mughol subander Mohammad ajorn shah who was
the son of empire Atu-ongojeb.
✓ Ahsan Manzil: It was official residential palace and seat of Nawab of Dhaka. The building is situated at
kumartoli by the bank of Bun Ganga River at Dhaka. Construction was started in 1859 and was completed in
1872.
✓ Shalbon Bihar: It is in Mainarnoti Cumilla. At the end of 8th century, king sre vabadeva made the Shal hon bihar
in this place.
✓ Paharpur Buddha Bihar: It stands in Paharpur, Nawgan. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in
Bangladesh. It was designated as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1985.
✓ Shaat Gombuj Mosque: In the middle of the 15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the mangrove forest
of Shundorban, near the coast in the Bagerhat by a saint general, name Khan Jahan Ali.
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✓ Mahasthanghor: It is one of the earliest urban archaeological sites so far discover in Bangladesh. The village
Mahasthan is Shibgong Thana of Bogura, which was called pundronogor, discovered in 1931.
✓ Ruins ofthe Buddhist Bihar: Ruins ofthe Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to see
incredible carved decorations in stone and terracotta. The ruins’ architecture contains some important historical
and artistic masterpieces, such as the murals on the outside walls, which show how Buddhism, Hinduism, and
Jainism influenced the site’s creation.
✓ The Puthia Temple: The Puthia Temple Complex consists of a cluster of notable old Hindu temples in Puthia
Upazila, Rajshahi District, Bangladesh.
✓ Sonargaon, Dhaka: Sonargaon was a historic administrative, commercial and maritime centre in Bengal. Situated
in the centre of the Ganges delta, it was the seat of the medieval Muslim rulers and governors of eastern Bengal.
Sonargaon was described by numerous historic travellers, including Ibn Battuta, Ma Huan, Niccola de’ Conti and
Ralph Fitch as a thriving centre oftrade and commerce.
✓ Kantanagar Temple: Kantanagar Temple, commonly known as Kantaji Temple or Kantajew Temple at
Kantanagar, is a late-medieval Hindu temple in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The Kantajew Temple is one of the most
magnifIcent religious edifices belonging to the 18th century.
✓ Armenian Church of the Holy Resurrection, Dhaka City: Bright yellow Armenian Church of the Holy
Resurrection remains a spiritual sanctuary and commemorates the cultural heritage of the now small Armenian
community. High ceilings, lots of natural light and simple decoration lend to an airy feel, contrasting the ornate
exterior.
✓ Tajhat Palace: Tajhat Palace, Tajhat Rajbari, is a historic palace of Bangladesh, located in Tajhat, Rangpur. This
palace now holds the Rangpur museum.
✓ Star Mosque (Tara Masjid): Star Mosque is a mosque located in Armanitola area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The
mosque has ornate designs and is decorated with motifs of blue stars. It was built in the first half of the 19th
century by Mirza Golam Pir (Mirza Ahmed Jan).
✓ Shilaidaha Kuthibari-Rabindranath Tagore’s Residence: Shilaidaha Kuthibadi is a place in Kumarkhali
Upazila of Kushtia District in Bangladesh. The place is famous for Kuthi Ban; a country house made by
Dwarkanath Tagore. Rabindranath Tagore lived a part of life here and created some of his memorable poems
while living here.
✓ Chattogram Commonwealth War Cemetery: The Chattogram Commonwealth War Cemetery or Chattogram
War Cemetery is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery Chattogram, Bangladesh. This cemetery
was established to now the honor for the soldiers and others who died in World War II.
Museums of Bangladesh
Museum of Independence
Address Secretariat Road, Dhaka
Established March 25, 2015
National Art Gallery
Address 14, 3 Segun Bagicha Rd. Dhaka 1000.
Established 1974
Bangladesh Military Museum
Address Bijoy Saroni in Dhaka1 215.
Founded 1987

Sonargaon Folk Art and Craft Museum

Address Sonargaon Rd. Sonargaon
Established March 12, 1975.
Bangladesh National Museum
Address Shahbagh, Dhaka 1000
Opened 1913
Director Reaz Ahmed
Varendra Research Museum
Address Rajshahi
Established November 13, 1913
Founder Earl of Hyndford
Owner University of Rajshahi

Liberation War Museum

Address 5 Segun Bagicha Rd. Dhaka 1000
Opened March 22. 1996
Collection size 21,000 artifacts

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 Ethnological Museum
Address Sabdar Au Rd. Chattogram
Curator Mohammed Amiruzzaman
Established 1965, 1974

Bangladesh Airforce Museum

Address BAF Base Bashar, Tejgaon, Dhaka.
Open for the public October 2014

National Museum of Science and Technology

Address Shahid Shahabuddin Shrok, Dhaka 1207.
Owner Ministry of Science and Technology.
Established 26 April 1965.

Sculpture of Bangladesh

Shabash Bangladesh
Artist Nitun Kundu
Year 1991
Subject Liberation War of Bangladesh
Location University of Rajshahi
Owner University of Rajshahi

Aparajeyo Bangla
Artist Syed Abdullah Khalid.
Year 1973-1979
Medium Sculpture in reinforced concrete
Subject Fighters of the Bangladesh Liberation War
Dimensions 5.5 m (18 ft).
Location Dhaka University.

Shoparjito Shadhinota
Artist Shamim Sikder
Year 1990
Location TSC in Dhaka University

Adammyh Bangla
Artist Gopal Chandra Pal
Year 2012
Location Khulna University
Jagroto Chowrongi
Artist Abdur Razzaque
Year 1973
Location Joydebpur
Height 18 feet

Chetona-71
Artist Mobarak Hossain
Year 2011, 30 July
Location Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

Shongshoptok
Artist Hamiduzzaman Khan
Location Jahanginagar University

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 Architecture of Bangladesh
Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban
Type National Assembly Building
Architectural style Modern, monumental
Location Dhaka, Bangladesh
Completed 1982
Cost US$32 million
Structural System Reinforced concrete, brickwork
Architect Louis Khahn, Muzharul Islam (co architect)

National Martyrs’ Memorial, Savar

Type Public monument
Location Savar, Bangladesh
Completed 1982
Height 150 feet (46 m)
Architect Syed Mainul Hossain.
Martyr Monument
Type Monument
Location Dhaka University area and adjacent to Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
Height 14m (46 ft)
Architect Hamidur Rahman
Bangladesh Bank Bhaban
Type Complete Office
Location Motijheel
Town or city Dhaka
Country Bangladesh
Completed 1985
Architectural Height 115 meters (377 ft)
Developer Bangladesh Bank
Baitul Mukarram National Mosque
Location Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
Affiliation Islam
Branch/ tradition Hanafi, Decobandi.
Ministry of Religious Affairs, Government of Bangladesh. 1959
Administration
Government of Bangladesh
Year consecrated 1959
Ownership Government of Bangladesh
Hon’ble Senior Hafez Maulana Mizanur
Imam Mawlana Ruhul Amin
Architect(s) Abdulihussein M. Thariani
Architectural type National Mosque
Architectural style Islamic Architecture
Ground braiding 27 January 1960
Capacity 40,000
Designer Abdullasein M. Thariani.
Kamlapur Railway Station
Location Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Platforms 8
Opened January 1969
Architect RobertBoughey

Tomb of Bibi Pari and Lalbagh Fort Mosque

Location Dhaka Bangladesh
Construction was started 1678
Completed 1684
Founder Shaista Khan

GK-Lecture-01-06 9
 Bagha Mosque
Location Bagha, Rajshahi.
Affiliation Islam
Completed 1523
Founder Sultan Nasrat Shah
Shalban Vihara
Location Mainamati, Cumilla, Bangladesh.
Built 7th century
Ahsan Manzil, Dhaka
Location Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Construction was started 1859
Completed 1872
Founder Nawab Abdul Ghani
Husayni Dalan, Dhaka
Location Dhaka, Bangladesh
Affiliation Shia Islam
Architectural type Mosque
Date established 1642 (1015 Higri)
Interior area 9,380 sp ft (187 m)
Chotao Sona Mosque, Chapai Nawabganj
Location Chapai Nawabgaj, Bangladesh
Construction started Between 1493 and 1519
Period Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah
Founder Wali Mohammad
Somapura Mahavihara
Location Naogaon.
Built 8th Century AD
Built for Dharma Pal
At a glance of Architecture
Architecture Name Architect Location
Mujibnagar Memorial Tanvir Kabir Meherpur
Martyr Intellectual Memorial Mustafa Harun Quddus Hili Mirpur, Dhaka
Three Leaders Shrine Area, University
Doyel Chatwar Azizul Jalil Pasha
of Dhaka
Adjacent to Dhaka Medical College,
Central Shaheed Minar Hamidur Rahman
University of Dhaka
Three Leaders Shrine Masood Ahmed Opposite of Bangla Academy
Soparjito Shadhinota Shamim Shikder T, S, C, Sarakdwip, DU
TSC Constantine Dockside University of Dhaka
Mahbub ul Haque and Mustafa
National Museum Shahbagh
Kamal
Raju Memorial Sculpture Shyamal Chowdhury TSC, University of Dhaka
Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban Louis I Kahn Shere Bangla Nagar
Kamalapur Railway Station Bob Bui Kamalapur
Fine Arts Institute Mazharul Islam Dhaka University
University of Engineering Khairul Islam Dhaka University
Mishuk Hamiduzzaman Shahabagh
Abul Hossain Mohammad
Baitul Mukarram Gulistan, Dhaka
Thariani
Balaka Mrinal Haque Motijheel, Dhaka
Shishu Park Samsul Wares Shahbagh
Rajarbagh Memorial Mustafa Harun Quddus Hilli Rajarbagh, Dhaka
Duranto Sultanul Islam Children's Academy
SAARC Fountain Nitun Kundu Sonargaon Hotel, Kawran Bazar
Victory Fountain Abdur Razzak Tejgaon, Dhaka
Botanical Garden Shamsul Wares Mirpur
Osmani Memorial Hall Shah Alam Zahiruddin Abdul Ghani Road
Mother and child Novera Ahmed Mujib Hall, DU
GK-Lecture-01-06 10
 Amar Ekushe Jahanara Parveen Jahangirnagar University
Free Bangla (Mukto Bangla) Rashid Ahmed Islami University
Sangram Zainul Abedin Sonargaon, Narayanganj
Freedom Struggle
Shamim Shikder University of Dhaka
(Shadhinotar Sangram)
Jagrato Chowrangi Abdur Razzak Joydevpur Chowrasta, Gazipur
Compiler (Sangshoptok) Hamiduzzaman Khan Jahangirnagar University
Sabash Bangladesh Nitun Kundu Rajshahi University
Shapla Chatwar Azizul Jalil Pasha Motijheel
Smriti Amlan Rajiuddin Ahmed Bir Shrestha Jahangir Road in Rajshahi
Marina Tabassum and
Freedom Pillar Suhrawardy Udyan, Dhaka
Kashem Mahubub Chowdhury
Memorial Minar Hamiduzzaman Khan National University
Rui-Katla Hamiduzzaman Khan Farmgate, Dhaka
Rajsik Vihar Mrinal Haque Hotel Sheraton
Arghya Mrinal Haque Sciencelab
Ratnadeep Mrinal Haque Front of the Prime Minister's office
Expectation (Prottyasha) Mrinal Haque Fulbaria, Gulistan
Oparajeyo Bangla Syed Abdullah Khaled Dhabir Art Gallery
Moder Garob Akhil Pal Bangla Academy
Peaceful Pigeon Hamiduzzaman Khan T.S.C, DU
Division and District based Information
The number of divisions in Bangladesh is 8. They are Dhaka, Chattogram (Chittagong), Rajshahi, Khulna,
Sylhet, Barishal (Barisal), Rangpur and Mymensigh.
District of Bangladesh: 64
Number of districts 8. Bogura, Chapainawabganj, Joypurhat, Naogaon, Natore,
Rajshahi Division
Pabna, Rajshahi & Sirajganj.
Number ofdistricts 6. Pirojpur, Barishal, Barguna, Bhola, Jhalokati &
Barishal Division
Patuakhali.
Number of districts 11. Brahmanbaria, Cumilla, Chandpur, Lakshmipur,
Chattogram Division Noakhali, Feni, Khagrachhari, Rangamati, Bandarban, Chattogram &
Cox’sbazar.
Number of districts 13. Dhaka, Gazipur, Kishoreganj, Manikganj, Munshiganj,
Dhaka Division Narayanganj, Narsingdi, Tangail, Faridpur, Gopalganj, Madaripur, Rajbari &
Shariatpur.
Number of districts 10. Bagerhat, Chuadanga, Jashore, Jhenaidah, Khulna,
Khulna Division
lCushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Narail & Satlchira.
Mymensingh Division Number of districts 4. Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Netrokona & Sherpur.
Number of districts 8. Thakurgaon, Rangpur, Panchagarh, Nilphamari,
Rangpur Division
Lalmonirhat, Kurigram, Gaibandha & Dinajpur.
Sylhet Division Number of districts 4. Habiganj, Moulvibazar, Sunamganj & Sylhet.
Some Important information
By land area Chattogram
Large division of Bangladesh
By Population Dhaka
By land area Mymensingh
Small division of Bangladesh
By Population Barishal
By land area Rangamati
Large districts of Bangladesh
By Population Dhaka
By land area Narayanganj
Small districts of Bangladesh
By Population Bandarban
By land area Shyamnagar, Satkhira
Large upazila of Bangladesh
By Population Savar, Dhaka
By land area Bondor, Narayanganj
Small upazila of Bangladesh
By Population Thanchi, Bandarban
By land area Shyamnagar, Satkhira
Largest thana of Bangladesh
By Population Gazipur Sadar, Gazipur
By land area Hatirjheel, Dhaka
Smallest thana of Bangladesh
By Population Thanchi, Bandarban

GK-Lecture-01-06 11
Necessary Informations
✓ The Northernmost District : Panchagar.
✓ The Southernmost District : Cox’s Bazaar.
✓ The Easternmost Place : Banglabandha.
✓ The Southernmost Thana : Teknaf.
✓ The Easternmost District : Bandharban.
✓ The Northernmost Thana : Tetulia.
✓ The Easternmost Thana : Thanchi.
✓ Thickly populated District : Dhaka.
✓ Less populated District : Bandharban (87 per sq KM).
✓ Bigest Thana (Area) : Shamnagar, Satkhira.
✓ Total Boundary of the Country : 5138 km
✓ Land Boundary : 4,427 km
✓ Water Boundary : 711 km
✓ Boundary with India : 4156 km
✓ Boundary with Myanmar : 271 km
✓ Average annual rainfall : 203 cm
✓ Average rainfall in the rain season : 254 cm
✓ Mineral Resources : Natural gas, Mineral Oil, Limestone’s, Hard Rock, Coal, Cilika Sand,
White Soil Etc.
✓ Main Export Goods : Readymade Clothes, Frozen Shrimp, Tea, Leather, Fertilizer, Raw- Jute
and Jute Goods, Vegetable Spices Etc.
At a Glance: the Ancient Janapad of Bengal
Janapad Location Capital Special Information
Bogura, Rajshahi, Rangpur and Dinajpur Pundra Nagar/ It is the oldest Janapad in
Pundra
regions Pundra Vardhan Bengal
Rangpur, Dinajpur, Rajshahi and Pabna Independent & Individual
Varendra -
districts Janapad
Dhaka Mymensingh,Faridpur and Barishal Two parts of Bengal; New
Bengal -
region and Vikrampur
Chapainawabganj and West Bengal Maldah Gauro's independent Narpati
Gouro Karnasubarna
& Murshidabad Shashank
Samatat Comilla and Noakhali Baro Kamta; Rohitgiri -
Raar Bardhaman District Kotibarsho Another name is Shukkha
Harikal Sylhet, Chittagong and Hill Tract Districts - -

At a Glance the Lineage of Ancient Bengal is Familiar

Dynasty Founder Best Emperor Capital
Maurya Chandragupta Maurya Emperor Ashoka Patliputra
Gupta First Chandragupta Samudragupta Patliputra
Gouro King Shashanka King Shashanka Karnasubarna (Murshidabad)
Paal Gopal Dharmapala Paharpur/Sompur
Sen Hemanto Sen Vijay Sen Nadia, Vikrampur

History of Middle Age

The Sultan
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah
Sikandar Shah
Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah
Alauddin Hussain Shah
Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah
GK-Lecture-01-06
Independent Sultanate Period
Special Informations
✓ The first independent Sultan of Bengal
✓ Arrival of Ibn Battuta
✓ Ibn Battuta was a native of Morocco
✓ Kingdom was centred in the city of Sonargaon
✓ The first Muslim ruler to conquest Chittagong, the principal port of
Bengal region in 1340 AD
✓ The first independent Sultan of entire Bengal
✓ Naming all townships together as 'Bangla/Bangala'
✓ The father of Bengal
✓ Construction of Adina Mosque in Pandua
✓ Good relationship with Persian poet Hafiz
✓ Bengal had good relations with China
✓ Construction of small Gold Mosque (Sona Mpsque) in Gauro
✓ Construction of Big Sona Mosque and Kadam Rasul Bhavan in Gauro
✓ He was the last Sultan of the Bengal Sultanate.
12
 At a Galance of Mughal Period
The Emperor
Contributions/achievements/special information
✓ Founder of Mughal Empire in India.
Babar ✓ In 1526, Ibrahim defeated Lodi in the First Battle of Water Path and established the
1526-1531 Mughal Empire in India.
✓ Used the first cannon in the Indian subcontinent.
Humayun ✓ In 1540, Delhi was defeated by Sher Shah in the battle of Kanauj.
1531-1556 ✓ Jannatabad named Bengal.
✓ Founder of Mughal Empire in Bengal.
✓ Defeated Himu in 1556 in the second battle of Pani Path.
✓ Introduction of new religion called Deen-e-Elahi, introduction of Mansdari tradition,
Akbar
Fatehpur Sikri, Bulwandaj Door, construction of Amritsar temple, introduction of
1556-1605
Bangla Sal, Bangla New Year.
✓ Conquered Bengal in 1576.
✓ Arrival of East India Company in Bengal.
✓ Sent Islam Khan as Subedar for Bengali rights.
✓ It was during his reign that the Bar Bhuiyans were suppressed by Islam Khan.
Jahangir ✓ In 1610 Islam Khan shifted the capital of Bengal from Rajmahal to Dhaka and
1605-1627 named Dhaka as Jahangirnagar.
✓ In 1612 he brought the whole of Bengal under the rule of the Mughals and issued
coins in his own name
✓ It was during his period that architecture developed in India.
✓ Taj Mahal of Agra, Peacock Throne, Jame Masjid of Delhi, Red Fort of Delhi,
Shah Jahan Salma Garden, Khasmahal, Shismahal etc. are his architectural monuments.
1627-1658 ✓ With the permission of the emperor, the British established the first trading post in
Bengal at a place called 'Pipalai'.
✓ Known in history as Princess of Builders.
✓ Aurangazeb sent Mir Jumla to Bengal to suppress Shah Shuja.
Aurangazeb ✓ He reinstated the jizya tax.
1658-1707 ✓ Aurangazeb sent Shaista Khan as Subedar of Bengal in 1664; and the second time in
1679.
2nd Bahadur Shah ✓ The last emperor of the Mughal dynasty.
1837-1857 ✓ In 1857 Sepoys were exiled to Myanmar by the British for their mutiny.

At a Galance of Independent Nawabi Period of Bengal

The Nawab Contributions/achievements/special information
✓ He was the first independent Nawab of Bengal.
Murshid Quli Khan
✓ In 1717 he was appointed permanent Subedar in Bengal and shifted the capital
1717-1727
from Dhaka to Maqsudabad (Murshidabad).
Alibardi Khan ✓ Protect the people of Bengal from the Marathas
1740-1756
✓ Captured Kashim Bazar fort from the British in 1756
✓ Conquered Calcutta in 1756 and named it Alinagar
Sirj-Ud-Daula ✓ Signed the Treaty of Alinagar with the British in 1757
1756-1757 ✓ Defeat by the British at the Battle of Palashi in 1757 ended medieval rule in
Bengal.
✓ He was the last independent Nawab of Bengal.

GK-Lecture-01-06 13
 Practice Test
01. Where is Hili Land Port located?
a. Satkhira b. Dinajpur c. Chuadanga d. Mymensingh
02. What was the previous name of "Rangamati"?
a. Harikal b. Bandrebhoomi c. Vikrampur d. Nadia
03. What is the current name of "Bhabaniganj"?
a. Bhola b. Gaibandha c. Sylhet d. Habiganj
04. Bhairava Bridge is located on which river?
a. Padma b. Meghna c. Yamuna d. Karnafuli
05. What is the former name of Sonargaon?
a. Sonapur b. Sudharam c. Suvarnagram d. Chandradwip
06. Which district is called the land of Bar Auliya?
a. Sylhet b. Dinajpur c. Chittagong d. Kurigram
07. 360 Which district is called Aulia land?
a. Sylhet b. Chittagong c. Dinajpur d. Kishoreganj
08. Buckland Dam is located on which riverside?
a. Shitalaksya b. Buriganga c. Meghna d. Yamuna
09. Which is the largest river port in Bangladesh?
a. Narayanganj b. Mars c. drive d. Chittagong
10. Daughter of the sea is called -
a. Bholake b. Cox's Bazar c. Kuakata d. All of them
11. Which district has the lowest population density?
a. Dinajpur b. gullible c. Khagrachari d. Bandarban
12. The northernmost place of Bangladesh “Banglabandha” is located on the shore of which river?
a. Mahananda b. Karatoya c. Padma d. Teesta
13. Which is the world's largest delta?
a. Bangladesh b. Nepal c. Bhutan d. Myanmar
14. Which is the largest district in Bangladesh?
a. Rangpur b. Khulna c. Dhaka d. Rangamati
15. Which is the coldest month in Bangladesh?
a. April b. January c. March d. February
16. "Thakurgaon" is located on the shore of which river?
a. Brackets b. Yamuna c. Tangan d. Surma
17. Where is the "Flyer Char" located?
a. Noakhali b. Lakshipur c. Chittagong d. fool
18. Where is Lalmai Hill located?
a. Barisal b. Comilla c. Noakhali d. fool
19. Which of the following is the largest and highest mountain in Bangladesh?
a. Garo b. Kulaura c. Tajingdong d. stick
20. Gambhira music of which region?
a. Rangpur b. Sylhet c. Rajshahi d. Chittagon
21. Where is the “Banglabandha” land port located?
a. Panchagarh b. Lalmonir Hat c. Satkhira d. Comilla
22. "Mawa Ferry Ghat" is located on the shore of which river?
a. Yamuna b. Padma c. Karnaphuli d. Surma
23. What is the first name of "Jeshor"?
a. Jahanabad b. Caliphate c. Nadia d. Shamsernagar
24. Where is "Kulaura Hills" located?
a. Bandarban b. Moulvibazar c. Khagrachari d. Sylhet
25. South Talpatti Island is located in the estuary of which river?
a. Padma b. Meghna c. Hariyabhanga d. Yamuna

GK-Lecture-01-06 14
26. Which is the largest delta in Bangladesh?
a. Bhola b. Kuakata c. Cox's Bazar d. Sundarbans
27. Which of the following Indian states is not located on the border of Bangladesh?
a. Meghalaya b. Tripura c. Assam d. Nagaland
28. "Hatibanda" land port is located in which district?
a. Satkhira b. Kushtia c. Lalmonirhat d. Sherpur
29. When was "Buckland Dam" built on the shores of the Buriganga River?
a. 1864 b. 1868 c. 1964 d. 1970
30. What is the previous name of "Yamuna" river
a. Rocking b. Korai c. John d. None of them
31. Which district is called "Bangladesh granary"?
a. Moulvibazar b. Mymensingh c. Jessore d. Barisal
32. Which is the hottest district of Bangladesh?
a. Sylhet b. Rangpur c. Rajshahi d. Panchagarh
33. Where is “Elephant Point” located?
a. Sundarban b. Cox's Bazar c. Patuakhali d. fool
34. What was the previous name of "Sylhet" district?
a. Jalalabad b. Nadia c. Srihatt d. A + C
35. “Bowler Char” was the earlier name of which of the following?
a. Nirmal Char b. Kutubdia Island c. Nijhum Island d. Manpura Island
36. Which district people live below the lowest poverty line in Bangladesh?
a. Mymensingh b. Barisal c. Comilla d. wrestling
37. Which is the smallest district in Bangladesh?
a. Kushtia b. Narayanganj c. Meherpur d. reed
38. How many states of India have border connection with Bangladesh?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10
39. "Pabna" is located on the shore of which river?
a. Kushiara b. Meghna c. Turag d. consent
40. Most of India's enclaves are located in which district of Bangladesh?
a. Nilphamari b. Kurigram c. Panchagarh d. Lalmonirhat
41. Which river is called the life line of the western region?
a. Garai River b. Yamuna River c. Meghna River d. Teesta River
42. "Natore" is located on the shore of which river?
a. Yamuna b. Teesta c. Atrai d. Manu
43. What is the length of Naf river?
a. 55 k. Mr. b. 56 k. Mr. c. 58 k. Mr. d. 57 k. Mr.
44. How many districts border Bangladesh with India?
a. 28 b. 30 c. 25 d. 20
45. Where is "Roymari" located?
a. Sylhet b. Moulvibazar c. Nilphamari d. Kurigram
46. Rivers entering India from Bangladesh-
a. navel b. Kulikh c. Ganges d. brahmaputra
47. What is the smallest district of Bangladesh in population?
a. Bandarban b. Dhaka c. Meherpur d. Chapainawabganj
48. Which district of Bangladesh has a border connection between India and Myanmar?
a. Bandarban b. Rangamati c. Barisal d. Jamalpur
49. Which district is called the Venice of Bengal?
a. Meherpur b. Jamalpur c. Barisal d. Mymensingh
50. What is the population of Bangladesh in Asia?
a. fifth b. Eighth c. seventh d. the ninth
51. When was 'Mongla Bandar' established?
a. 1986 b. 1987 c. 1950 d. 1945

GK-Lecture-01-06 15
52. Where is Chimbuk Hill located?
a. Rangamati b. Bandarban c. Rajshahi d. Patuakhali
53. In what year was the first census of Bangladesh held?
a. 1972 b. 1975 c. 1978 d. 1974
54. Where is "Hakaluki Haor" located?
a. Moulvibazar b. Sylhet c. Bhola d. Noakhali
55. Which is the only mountainous island in Bangladesh?
a. Qutubdia b. Maheshkhali c. d d. Saint Martin
56. How many rivers enter India from Bangladesh?
a. 5 b. 2 c. 4 d. 1
57. Where is Kalaroya land port located?
a. Jessore b. Satkhira c. Khulna d. Sylhet
58. What is the name of the main branch of Brahmaputra river?
a. Yamuna b. Mahananda c. Padma d. Karnafuli
59. Meghna river enters Bangladesh through which district?
a. Barisal b. Patuakhali c. Sylhet d. Dhaka
60. Shamser Nagar is the former name of which district?
a. Noakhali b. Chuadanga c. Feni d. Comilla
61. How many sea ports are there in Bangladesh?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
62. Where is the first "Eco Park" of Bangladesh located?
a. Makbkund b. Sitakunda c. Cox's Bazar d. Patuakhali
63. Where is the “Darshana” land port located?
a. Chuadanga b. Comilla c. Akhaura d. Lalmonirhat
64. Which district of Bangladesh is called "Daughter of Himalayas"?
a. Panchagarh b. Barisal c. Sylhet d. Patuakhali
65. What is the name of Indian part of Padma river?
a. Meghna b. Yamuna c. Ganga d. brahmaputra
66. Which is the coldest district of Bangladesh?
a. Comilla b. Dhaka c. Sylhet d. Chittagon
67. Which is the river flowing through the bills?
a. Atrai b. Mahananda c. Karatoya d. Padma
68. Which is the largest hawar in Bangladesh?
a. Hail b. Banyachang c. Hakaluki d. Tanguare
69. Bangladesh is the world's largest country in terms of size?
a. 7th b. 9th c. 90th d. 32nd
70. How many districts of Bangladesh have border communication with Myanmar?
a. a b. Two c. Three d. Four

Answer Key to Home Study

01 B 02 A 03 B 04 B 05 C 06 C 07 A 08 B 09 A 10 C
11 D 12 A 13 A 14 D 15 B 16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 C
21 A 22 B 23 B 24 B 25 C 26 D 27 D 28 C 29 A 30 C
31 D 32 C 33 B 34 D 35 C 36 D 37 B 38 B 39 D 40 D
41 A 42 C 43 B 44 B 45 D 46 B 47 A 48 B 49 C 50 A
51 C 52 B 53 D 54 A 55 B 56 D 57 B 58 A 59 C 60 B
61 B 62 B 63 A 64 A 65 C 66 C 67 A 68 C 69 C 70 C

GK-Lecture-01-06 16
 Lecture - 02
Teacher’s Content
 Liberation War  Formation of Mujobnagar Govt
 Formulation of Constitution and Amendments

Content Discussion
History of Bangladesh (1757-1971) & Constitution
History of British India History of Pakistan Period
Language Movement, 1952 United Front Election, 1954
Six Point Movement, 1966 Agartala Conspiracy Case
Mass Uprising, 1969 Liberation War
Formation of Mujobnagar Govt Political scenario of post liberation war
Father of the nations Formulation of Constitutions
Principles of State Policy Constitutional Amendments
History of British India
British Raj (1858-1947)
The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947.The rule is also called
Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called India in
contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively
called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramount, and called the
princely states. The whole was also more formally called the Indian Empire. As India, it was a founding member of
the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a
founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.
This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the
British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was
proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when it was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the
Dominion of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,
the eastern part of which, still later, became the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). At the inception of the Raj in 1858,
Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma
(Myanmar), was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony,
gaining its own independence in 1948.
At a Glance of British Period
Viceroy Period Important achievements/Events
He was the Governor General during Mutiny 1857 and after the war; he was
made first Viceroy of India. He withdrew Doctrine of lapse.
Lord Canning 1856-1862
Indian Council Act was passed in l86lUmversity of Bombay, Calcutta,
Madras was established in 1857.
High Court was established at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras in 1865.He
created Indian Forest Department. Opened telegraph line with Europe.
Lord Lawrence 1864-1869 He introduced various reforms and became the member of Punjab Board of
Administration after second Sikh war. He was known as the Savior of
Punjab.
Started financial decentralization in India. He established Rajkot College in
Kathiawar and Mayo College in Ajmer for Indian princess.
Lord Mayo 1869-1872 First Census of India was held during his time in 1871. He organized
Statistical survey of India. He was the only Viceroy who was murdered in
office by a pathan in Andaman in 1872.
The Delhi Durbar was held on January 1 1877, to decorate Queen Victoria
with the title at Kaiser-i- hind. Statutory Civil Service in 1879. It was also
laid down that the candidates had to appear and pass the civil services
Lord Lytton 1876-1880
examination which began to be held in England. The maximum age for
these candidates were reduced from 21 to 19 years. Vernacular press Act
was passed In 1878.
GK-Lecture-01-06 17
 Age for the entry in Civil Service exam was raised to 21 years. First Factory
Lord Rippon 1880-1884 act was passed during his time in 1881. it prohibited the child labour. Illbert
Bill in 1883 was passed by him. Passed Local Self Government act in 1882.
Lord Dufferin 1884-1888 He formed the Indian National Congress.
Indian Council Act was passed in 1892.Second Factory Act (1891) was
Lord Lansdowne 1888-1894 passed during his time. He appointed Durand Commission to define a line
between British India and Afghanistan.
Partition of Bengal (1905) into two provinces- Bengal and Fast Bengal was
Lord Curzon 1899-1905 done during his time. Passed the Ancient Monuments Act (1904), to restore
India’s cultural heritage. Thus, established Archeological Survey of India.
Lord Minto 1905-1910 Morley-Minto reform was passed in 1909.
Partition of Bengal was cancelled and capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
Lord Hardinge
1910-1916 in 1911. Gandhi ji returned to India from South Africa in 1915.Home Rule
moment was launched by Annie Beasant.
August Declaration of 1917, after which the control over the Indian
Government would be transferred to Indian people. Rowlett Act 1919 was
Lord
1916-1921 passed Montague-Chelmsford reform was passed. Jallianwala Bagh
Chelmsford
Massacre 1919 took place during his time. Non-Cooperation and Khilafat
movement took place. Women’s University was founded at Poona in 1919.
Suppressed of non-cooperation movement Chauri-Chaura incident took
Lord Reading 192 1-1926
place. Formation of Swar4party. Ahmedabad session of INS held in 1921.
Simon commission visited India in 1928. Dandi March was held In 1930.
Lord Irwin 1926-1931 Civil Disobedience movement launched In 1930. Gandhi- Irwin pact was
signed and First Round Table Conference was held In 1931.
Poona Pact was signed. Second and Third Round Table Conference was
held during his time. Communal Award started by British Prime Minister
Lord Willingdon 1931-1936
Ramsay MacDonald.
Government of India Act (1935) was passed.
Government of India Act enforced in provinces. Cripps Mission visited
Lord Linlithgow 1936-1944 India in 1942.Quit India movement was started in 1942.Second World war
took place in 1939.
Shimla Conference was held on June 25, 1945 between Muslim League and
Indian national Congress was failed. Cabinet Mission Plan was launched in
Lord Wavell 1944-1947
1946.On December 09, 1946, first meeting of Constituent Assembly was
held.
Last Viceroy and first Governor General of free India. Partition of India was
March 1947-
Lord done on June 3, 1947.India Independent Act was passed on July 4, 1947 by
August
Mountbatten British parliament. As per the Act India became independent on August 15,
1947
1947. Rajagopalachari, who was the last Governor General of free India.

History of Pakistan Period

On 14 August 1947 Pakistan gained independence. India gained independence the following day. Two of the
provinces of British India, Punjab and Bengal, were divided along religious lines by the Radcliffe Commission. Lord
Mountbatten is alleged to have influenced the Radcliffe Commission to draw the lines in India's favour. In 1947, the
founding fathers of Pakistan agreed to appoint Liaquat Ali Khan as the country's first prime minister, with Muhammad
Ali Jinnah as both first governor-general and speaker of the State Parliament. Mountbatten had offered to serve as
Governor-general of both India and Pakistan but Jinnah refused this offer. When Jinnah died of tuberculosis in 1948,
Islamic scholar Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani described Jinnah as the greatest Muslim after the Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb.
Language Movement, 1952
When Pakistan was created in August 1947, it was made up of two wings, East and West. In 1951, when its first
census took place, the combined population of both wings was 76 million; 34 million in West and 42 million in East.
The Bengalis made up the majority of the population of East and this made Bengali/Bangla the language spoken by
the numerical majority of Pakistan. But Urdu was seen as the national language, while being the mother tongue of
barely 5 per cent of the population then. However, it was more than a language; it was attached to the very core of the
Pakistan Movement as the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah declared in Dhaka in 1948. Yet, soon thereafter, the
fractures and fissures between the two wings began to open up, due to the discriminatory and step-brotherly treatment
of the East Pakistanis; not just in the language sphere.

GK-Lecture-01-06 18
Major Events of Language Movement
 September 2, 1947, under Principal Abul Kashem leadership, Pakistan Tamuddun Majlish, the initiating
organisation of the Language Movement, was established. On September 15, 1947, Principal Abul Kashem
published `Rashtro Bhasha Bangla Na Urdu?’
 In 1947, 15th November: Educator Fazlur Rahman opposed “URDU” as the national language in the Pakistan
educational conference.
 In 1947, 6th December: Teachers & students of the University of Dhaka demanded Bangla as an official language.
 In 1947, 30th December: First “Rashtro vasha Sangram Parishad” was formed by Tamuddun Majlish.
 1948, 23rd February: Dhirendranath Dutta a Bengali opposition member moves resolution in the frist session of
Pakistan constituent Assembly for recognize Bengali as a state language along with Urdu & English.
Dhirendranath Datta noted that out of 69 million population of Pakistan, 44 million were from East Pakistan and
Bangla as their mother tongue.
 1948, 11th march: A general strike was observed in the towns of EAST Pakistan in protest against the omission of
Bangla from the language of the constituent assembly absence of Bangla letters in Pakistan coins and stamps and
use of Urdu in recruitment tests for the navy.
 In 1948: In particular situation Khwaja Nazimuddin signed an eight-point agreement with the student leader where
it was mentioned that Bengali will also be honored as one of the official language.
 1948, 21st March: Mohammad Ali Jinnah the founder of Pakistan in Dhaka university convocation “The state
language of Pakistan is going to be Urdu”.
 1952, 26th January: In a public meeting at paltan maidan Dhaka, Prime Minister Nazimuddin declares that Urdu
alone will be state language of Pakistan.
 1952, 31st January: A broad-based all party committee of action (ACPA) is constituted with Kazi Golam Mahboob
as convener and Maulana Bhashani as chairman and with two representatives.
 1952, 3rd February: In protest meeting the committee of action decided hold general strike on 21st February.
 1952, 20th February: An order was promulgated under section 144 of the criminal procedure code prohibiting
processions and meeting in Dhaka.
 1952, 21st February: The student of Dhaka University decided to defy the official ban in meeting and decided to
protest in peaceful procession. The police opened fired on student in front of medical college hostel. Mohammad
Salauddin, Abdul Jabbar, Abdul Barkat, Rafiquddin Ahmed, Abdus Salam were among those who became martyr.
✓ On February 22, Shafiur Rahman was killed in police firing. Who is known as Shafiq.
✓ February 23: Father of Sahflur Rahman inaugurated the Shaheed Minar.
✓ On 26 February officially inaugurated the Shaheed Minar, Editor of the daily Azad Mr. Abul Kalam Shamsuddin.
✓ Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury composed the first song on the incident on February 21 (Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k
†deªæqvwi, Avwg wK fzwj‡Z cvwi), Abdul Latif tune the song first. In 1954, Altaf Mahmud again made a new melody.
Hassan Hafizur Rahman published the song in 1954 (In Ekushey Sankalan).
✓ In 1956, by changing the constitution, Bangla language was recognized as one of the state languages of Pakistan.
 In 17th November, 1999 UNESCO announced the 21st February as the International Mother Language Day.

United Front Election, 1954

The United Front was a coalition of political parties in East Bengal which contested and won Pakistan's first provincial
general election to the East Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Front was formed on 4 December 1953 by the initiative
of AK Fazlul Huq of Krishak Sramik Party, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
of Awami Muslim League. The coalition consisted of the Awami Muslim League, the Krishak Praja Party, the
Ganatantri Dal (Democratic Party) and Nizam-e-Islam. The symbol of the United Front in the election was a Boat.
The United Front participated in the elections based on the 21-point programme. The first demand of twenty-one
points was to recognize Bengali as one of the official languages of Pakistan. East Pakistan provincial elections were
held on March 8-12, 1954. United Front securing a landslide victory and gaining 223 seats in the 309-member
assembly. The Awami League emerged as the majority party, with 143 seats.

On April 4, 1954, the United Front formed a cabinet in East Bengal. AK Fazlul Haque became the Chief Minister of
the Cabinet. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural
Development in this cabinet. The United Front government was in power for only 56 days. On May 30, the ministry
was dismissed and direct governor's rule was imposed.

GK-Lecture-01-06 19
 Six Point Movement, 1966
✓ A conference of opposition parties was held at Lahore on 5-6 February 1966.
✓ In this conference, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announced a program containing political, economic
and defense demands of East Pakistan.
✓ Historically, this is known as the 6-point program.
✓ Later on March 23, 1966, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman officially announced 6 points in a press
conference in Lahore.
✓ The six-point program was formulated on the basis of the historic 'Lahore Proposal'.
✓ The six-point program is known as 'Muktir Sanad' in Bengali and 'Magna Charta' in Bengali.
✓ Bangabandhu called this program 'Six Points: Our Demand to Live'.
✓ On June 7, 1966, at the call of Bangabandhu, a strike was observed across the country demanding the
implementation of six points.
✓ On this day, 10 Bengalis including Manu Mia, Shafiq and Shamsul Haque were martyred by the police and EPR
in Tongi, Dhaka and Narayanganj during the strike called by Awami League.
✓ That is why every year June 7 is celebrated as 'Six Point Day'.

The Six-Point demands included the following:

1. Pakistan would have a federal structure of government based on the spirit of the Lahore Resolution of 1940,
with a parliament elected on the basis of a universal adult franchise;
2. The central government would have authority only in defense and foreign affairs and all other subjects would
be handled by the federating units of the state of Pakistan;
3. There would be two freely convertible currencies for the two wings of Pakistan or two separate reserve banks
for the two regions of the country;
4. The power of taxation and revenue collection would be vested in the federating units;
5. There would be two separate accounts for foreign exchange reserves for the two wings of Pakistan;
6. East Pakistan would have a separate militia or paramilitary force as a measure of its security.

Agartala Conspiracy Case & Mass Uprising, 1969

✓ On 8 January 1968, the 'Agartala Conspiracy Case' was filed in Dhaka.
✓ The name of the case was 'State vs. Sheikh Mujib and others'.
✓ There were 35 defendants in this case.
✓ The main defendant was Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
✓ Amir Hossain leaked the news of this case.
✓ The trial of this case was conducted under the leadership of the Chief Justice of Pakistan S. A. Rahman.
✓ The trial of this case started on June 19, 1968 in Dhaka Cantonment.
✓ On 4 January 1969, the all-party 'Student Action Committee- SAC' was formed.
✓ The Action Committee announced their 11-points program with the aim of realizing the democratic rights of the
people. Awami League's 6-points program is also included in it.
✓ Dhaka University student leader Asaduzzaman Asad was martyred by the police on 20 January 1969. Asad was a
student of History Department of Dhaka University. Ayub Gate was renamed 'Asad Gate' in his honor. Asad Gate
was built to commemorate the 1969 uprising.
✓ Every year on January 20, 'Shaheed Asad Day' is observed.
✓ On 24 January 1969, Matiur Rahman, a ninth grade student of Dhaka Navkumar Institute, was martyred by police
firing.
✓ In view of this, the mass uprising started from 24 January 1969.
✓ The garden in front of Banga Bhavan was named 'Motiur Rahman Shishu Udyan'.
✓ On 15 February 1969, Sergeant Zahurul Haque, one of the accused in the Agartala conspiracy case, was killed in
Dhaka Cantonment.
✓ Three days later on February 18, Rajshahi University professor Dr. Shamsujjoha was killed.
✓ The first martyred intellectual in the 1970s revolution was Dr. Shamsujjoha.
✓ Shahid Shamsujjoha was a professor of Chemistry department.
✓ Finally, they were forced to release the accused in the case including Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
unconditionally on February 22 in 1969.
✓ The next day, on February 23 in 1969, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was awarded the title ‘Bangabandhu’ at a huge
public rally attended by millions of students, workers, farmers and people of all classes at Suhrawardy Udyan in
Dhaka.
✓ Later, while marking the sixth death anniversary of his political guide Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy on December
5 in 1969, Bangabandhu named this territory 'Bangladesh'. Bangabandhu said, "On behalf of the people, I am
announcing that from today, the name of the eastern province of Pakistan will be 'Bangladesh' instead of 'East
Pakistan'."

GK-Lecture-01-06 20
 Timeline of Events in 1969
✓ 4 January : Shorbodolio Chatro Shongram Porishad (The All Party Student Action Committee) puts forth its
11- point agenda.
✓ 7-8 January : Formation of a political coalition named Democratic Action Committee (DAC) to restore
democracy.
✓ 20 January : Student activist Asaduzzaman dies as the police opens fire on demonstrators.
✓ 24 January : Matiur, a teenager activist, is gunned down by the police.
✓ 15 February : Sergeant Zahurul Haq, one of the convicts of Agartala Conspiracy Case, is assassinated in the
prison of Kurmitola Cantonment.
✓ 18 February : Dr. Shamsuzzoha of Rajshahi University is killed as the police open fire on a silent procession in
Rajshahi.
✓ 22 February : Withdrawal of Agartala Conspiracy Case.
✓ 23 February : Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is accorded a grand reception, where he is given the title Bangabandhu
(friend of Bengal) by DUCSU’s VP Tofayel Ahmed.
✓ 10-13 March : Ayub Khan calls for a round-table meeting with the opposition.
✓ 25 March : Ayub Khan hands over power to General Yahya Khan, the army Chief of Staff.
Pakistani General Election 1970
Held on 7 December, 1970
Seats 300 seats in the National Assembly
Seats Needed 151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 63.0%
Leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Zulfikar All Bhutto
Party Awami League PPP
Leader since 5 December 1963 20 November 1967
Leader’s seat Dacca Larkana
Seats Distribution East Pakistan- 162+7 West Pakistan- 138+6
Seats won 160 81
Reserve Seats won 7 5
Total Seats won 167 86
Popular vote 12,937,162 6,148,923
Percentage 39.2% 18.6%

Liberation War, 1971

The 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh against Pakistan continues shaping the mindset of Bangladeshi people until
present day. This bloodstained historical event has constructed Bangladeshi sense of nationalism and has forged their
contemporary Constitution. The Bangladesh we see today is essentially the fruit of the liberation war of 1971. In order
to understand ongoing Bangladeshi politics and the socio-economic sphere, it is required to analyse the history of
Pakistani colonialism and the events surrounding the 1971 liberation war that turned Bangladesh into an independent
sovereign State. This research paper provides a profound overview of these historical narratives and draws a
comparison between present day Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Bangladesh Liberation War at a Glance
✓ On April 17, 1971, the temporary government of Bangladesh was established in the village of Bhabarpara (present
day Mujihnarag) under Baidyanathtala of Meherpur sub division of Kushtia district (now presently district) for the
liberation war.
✓ Bangladeshi national flag artist- painter Karnrul Hasan. Shibnarayan Das, the national flag designer of
Bangladesh.
✓ National flag hoisted- Student leader Abdur Rab.
✓ The national flag of Bangladesh was first hoisted on 2 March 1971.
✓ Independence was declared indirectly by the speech of Bangabandhur on March 7th.
✓ Ono the night of 25 March, the Pakistani military launched a brutal attack on unarmed people in Dhaka.
✓ On the first day of March 26, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announced the independence of Bangladesh.
✓ The supreme commander of the Bangladesh army- Colonel Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani.
✓ Bangladesh is divided into 11 sectors to handle the war.
✓ December 6, 1971 India and Bhutan officially recognize the independent and sovereign Bangladesh.
✓ On December 14, nearly 300 intellectuals of Bangladesh were killed brutally.
✓ Finally, on December 16, 1971, Pakistan was forced to accept defeat. Finally, the creation was independent Bangladesh.
✓ On 16 December, Pakistani military officials formally surrendered 93,000 troops on Race Course ground in Dhaka.
✓ The number of martyrs in the liberation war of Bangladesh is estimated to be 30,00,000.
✓ In the war of liberation 7 people were awarded Birshreshtha title for heroic contribution, 69 people have been
✓ Awarded the Bir Uttom. 177 people have been awarded the Bir Protik. 426 people have been awarded the Bir Protik.
✓ The titled Female Freedom Fighters- Sitara Begum (Bir Protik) and Teramon Bibi (Bir Protik).
GK-Lecture-01-06 21
 Recognition of Bangladesh As a freedom nation on The Global Map
✓ So far 150 countries have recognized Bangladesh.
✓ First country to recognize Bangladesh- Bhutan (6 December 1971).
✓ Second country - India (6 December 1971).
✓ First Arab country- Iraq (8 July 1972).
✓ First non-native country- Malaysia (25 February 1972).
✓ First Africa country- Senegal (1 February 1972).
✓ First European/ Socialist country- Poland, (12 January 1972).
✓ First American country- Canada (14 February 1972).

Foreign Freedom Fighter o f Bangladesh Liberation War

William As Ouderland (6 December 1971- 18 May 2001) was a Dutch Australian commando officer He actively took
part in World War II and the Bangladesh Liberation War. Later, he was awarded the fourth highest gallantry award,
the Bir Protik, by the Government of Bangladesh. He is the only foreigner to receive this honorary award.
The 7th March Speech
Date March 7, 1971
Time 2:45 pm- 3:03 pm
Duration 18 minutes
Theme Independence of Bangladesh
Filmed by Race Course (Present Suhrawardy Udyan),
Location East Pakistan
Recognition Ramna, Dhaka Memory of the World International Register

Mujibnagar Government
Mujibnagar Government the government constituted at Mujibnagar to conduct the Bangladesh war of liberation,
formed on 10 April 1971 after the declaration of independence on 26 March 1971. The Mujibnagar government
headed by Tajiuddin Ahmad took oath on 17 April 1971 at Mujibnagar.
Muiibnazar Government at a Glance
Name Responsibility
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman President
Vice President, (Entrusted with the powers, functions and responsibilities of
Syed Nazrul Islam
the President since the President himself was then detained in Pakistan).
Prime Minister, in charge of Defense, Information, Broadcasting and
Communications, Economic Affairs, Planning Division, Education, Local
Tajiddin Ahmed
Government, Health, labor, Social Welfare, Establishment as well as other
affairs the responsibility of which was not yet entrusted to any one.
M Mansur Ali Minister, Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce.
Minister, Ministry of Home, Civil Supplies, Relief and Rehabilitation,
AHM Qamaruzzaman
Agriculture.
Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmad Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Law and Parliamentary Affairs
H T Imam Cabinet Secretary
Father of the Nation : Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
✓ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (17 March 1920 — 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a
Bengali politician and statesman.
✓ He was born in Tungipara, a village in Gopalganj District.
✓ He joined the Bengal Muslim League in 1943.
✓ After the Partition of India, Mujib chose to stay in the newly created Pakistan. On his return to what became
known as East Pakistan, he enrolled in the University of Dhaka to study law and founded the East Pakistan
Muslim Students’ League.
✓ He is the founding father of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
✓ He served as the first President of Bangladesh and later Prime Minister of Bangladesh from March 1971 until his
assassination in August 1975.
✓ He became a leading figure in and eventually the leader of the Awami League, founded in 1949 as an East
Pakistan-based political party in Pakistan.
✓ On February 5, 1966, a national conference of opposition parties was held in Lahore. At this conference, Sheikh
Mujib presented his historic six-point demand.
✓ In early 1968, the Pakistan government filed a lawsuit against Sheikh Mujib and 34 others, which is well- known
in the history of Agartala conspiracy case. Mujib led the Awami League to win the first democratic election
ofPakistan in 1970.
GK-Lecture-01-06 22
✓ On April 10, 1971, the temporary government of Bangladesh was formed. He was the President of the temporary
government.
✓ He indirectly announced independence of Bangladesh during a landmark speech on 7 March 1971. Mujibur
Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971 when the military launched the operation.
✓ Through Wireless, he announced the independence from Dhanmondi 32.
✓ On 8 January 1972, he was released from Pakistan prison. He returned to Bangladesh on 10 January.
✓ He Was given the title of Bangabandhu - 23 February 1969 (By Tofail Ahmed)
✓ He was given the title ofFather ofthe Nation - 3 March 1971. (By Abdur Rab).
✓ On April 5, 1972, American journalist named him a poet of politics.
✓ On April 14, 2008, it was declared as the best Bengali ofall time.
✓ On 15 August 1975, a group ofyoung army officers killed Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family.
✓ The book written by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman-
 The Unfinished Memoirs.
 Karagarer Rojnamcha.
 The Voice of Freedom.

Political Scenario of Post Liberation War

1972-80: Post-independence era
✓ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman administration
✓ Left wing insurgency
✓ Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL)
✓ Assassination ofSheikh Mujibur Rahman and aftermath
✓ Ziaur Rahman administration, 1975-8 1
1980s
✓ The dictatorship of Hussain Muhammad Ershad, 1982-90
✓ Devolution and Local government Act
1990s
✓ Transition to democracy
✓ First Khaleda administration, 199 1—96
✓ First Hasina administration, 1996—2001
2000s
✓ Second Khaleda administration, 200 1—2006
✓ Political crisis and Caretaker government, 2006—2 008
✓ Second Hasina administration, 2009-2014
2010s
✓ War crimes tribunal
✓ Third Hasina administration, 20 14—2019
✓ Fourth Hasina administration, 2019—present

Constitution
The Provisional Government of Bangladesh issued the Proclamation of Independence on 10 April 1971, which served
as the interim first Constitution of Bangladesh. It declared “equality, human dignity and social justice” as the
fundamental principles of the republic. East Pakistani members of Pakistan's federal and provincial assemblies were
transformed into members of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh. The constituent assembly had 404 members.
After the war, the Constitution Drafting Committee was formed in 1972. The committee included 34 members with
Dr. Kamal Hossain as its chairman.

The Constitution Bill was introduced in the Assembly on 12 October. Its first reading began on 19 October and
continued till 30 October. The second reading took place from 31 October to 3 November. Manabendra Narayan
Larma made an impassioned appeal to declare the term of citizenship as “Bangladeshi” instead of “Bengali”. `Larma
argued that labeling all citizens as Bengali discriminated against non-Bengali communities, including his own Chakma
ethnic group.

The third reading began on 4 November and it approved 65 amendments to the Constitution Bill and adopted and
enacted the Constitution on 4 November. The Constitution came into effect on 16 December 1972. A Westminster
style political system was established. It declared nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism as the
fundamental principles of the republic. It proclaimed fundamental human rights, including freedom of speech,
freedom of religion, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, the right to education and public healthcare among
others. A two thirds vote of parliament was required to amend the Constitution.
GK-Lecture-01-06 23
 Constitutions at a Glance
✓ The Constitution of Bengal has been amended so far 17 times.
✓ In the constitution of Bangladesh the fundamental rights have been mentioned - in the third part 4 Article about
the trial of the war criminals is- 47.
✓ In the constitution, the matter of administrative tribunal has been inserted- in paragraph 117.
✓ All citizens are equal in law.” This assurance provided - Article 27.
✓ The caretaker government system has been dissolved through the 15th amendment to the constitution
✓ The process of formulation of the constitution of Bangladesh began - March 23, 1972.
✓ The Constitution of Bangladesh is presented - October 12, 1972.
✓ The Constitution was adopted in the Gana Parishad - 04 November, 1972.
✓ Constitution of Bangladesh came into effect - December 16, 1972.
✓ Members of the Constitution Committee -34.
✓ The head of the constitution compilation was Dr. Kamal Hossain. The only female member of the constitution
compilation committee - Begum Razia Begum.
✓ Language of Bangladesh Constitution- 2 (Bengali and English).
✓ The constitution of Bangladesh is divided into- 11 parts.
✓ There are 153 paragraphs in the constitution of Bangladesh.
✓ Original author of the handwriting constitution - Abdur Raul.
✓ The main features of the Constitution are- 12.
✓ The first principles of the constitution of Bangladesh were - secularism, nationalism, democracy and socialism.
✓ The principles of the constitution “secularism” are omitted - in 1978.
✓ At the beginning of the constitution, “Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim” is inserted - in 1978.
✓ The right to life and liberty is preserved - in section 3, Article 32.
✓ The freedom of thought and conscience has been given in the third part, 39 (1) in paragraph.
✓ Freedom of speech and expression has been given- 3rd part, 39 (2) A paragraph.
✓ Newspaper freedom has been given - 3rd part, 39 (2) in B article. 4 The freedom of the profession has been given-
in 3rd part, paragraph 40.
✓ Religious freedom is said to be - in 3rd part, paragraph 41.
✓ Property rights are described- in the 3rd part, paragraph 42.
✓ About the recruitment of Ombudsman - 77 paragraph.
✓ Begum Razia Banu is the only female member of the constitution committee.
✓ Suranjit Sengupta did not sign the constitution.
Amendments of Constitution
1st Amendment
Passed on 17 July 1973, the first amended was made to the Article 47 of the constitution. The amendment inserted an
additional clause, Article 47(3) that allowed punishment and prosecution of war criminals under international law. A
new Article 47A was also added, which specified that certain fundamental rights will be inapplicable in those cases.
2nd Amendment
Second amendment of the constitution was passed on 22 September 1973 that suspended some of the fundamental
rights of the citizens during a state of emergency. The act made following changes to the constitution:
 Amended articles 26, 63, 72 and 142.
 Substituted Article 33.
 Inserted a new Part IXA to the constitution.
3rd Amendment
Third Amendment was passed on 28 November 1974 that brought changes in Article 2 of the constitution.
An agreement was made between Bangladesh and India in respect of exchange of certain enclaves and
fixation of boundary lines between the countries.
4th Amendment
The amendment was passed on 25 January 1975.
 Amended articles 11, 66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 80, 88, 95, 98, 109, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, 141A, 147 and 148 of
the constitution
 Substituted Articles 44, 70, 102, 115 and 124 of the constitution
 Amended part III of the constitution out of existence
 Altered the Third and Fourth Schedule
 Extended the term of the first Jatiya Sangsad
 Inserted a new part, VIA in the constitution and
 Inserted new articles 73A and 116A in the constitution.
GK-Lecture-01-06 24
Significant changes included:
 The presidential form of government was introduced replacing the parliamentary system.
 A one-party system in place of a multi-party system was introduced;
 The powers of the jatiya Sangsad were curtailed;
 The Judiciary lost much of its independence;
 The Supreme Court was deprived of its jurisdiction over the protection and enforcement of fundamental
rights.
5th Amendment
This Amendment Act was passed by the Jatiya Sangsad on 6 April 1979. This Act amended the Fourth Schedule to the
constitution by adding a new paragraph 18 thereto, which provided that all amendments, additions, modifications,
substitutions and omissions made in the constitution during the period between 15 August 1975 and 9 April 1979
(both days inclusive) by any Proclamation or Proclamation Order of the Martial Law Authorities had been validly
made and would not be called in question in or before any court or tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.
6th Amendment
The Sixth Amendment Act was enacted by the Jatiya Sangsad with a view to amending Articles 51 and 66 of the 1981
constitution.
7th Amendment
The Seventh Amendment Act was passed on 11 November 1986. It amended Article 96 of the constitution; it also
amended the Fourth Schedule to the constitution by inserting a new paragraph 19 thereto, providing among others that
all proclamations, proclamation orders, Chief Martial Law Administrator’s Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial
Law orders, Martial Law Instructions, ordinances and other laws made during the period between 24 March 1982 and
11 November 1986 (both days inclusive) had been validly made, and would not be called in question in or before any
court or tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever. In summary, the amendment protected Hussain Muhammad
Ershad and his regime from prosecution for actions taken under the years of military rule, following the 1982 coup
d’etat until the 1986 presidential election.
8th Amendment
The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1988 declared, among others, that Islam shall be state religion (Article
2A) and also decentralised the judiciary by setting up six permanent benches of the High Court Division outside
Dhaka (Article 100).
12th Amendment
The Twelfth Amendment Act was passed on 6 August 1991, following a constitutional referendum. It amended
Articles 48, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 70, 72, 109, 119, 124, 141A and 142, restoring executive powers to the Prime
Minister’s Office, as per the original 1972 constitution, but which had been held by the President’s Office since 1974.
Instead, the President became the constitutional head of the state; the Prime Minister became the executive head; the
cabinet headed by the Prime Minister became responsible to the Jatiya Sangsad; the post of the Vice President was
abolished and the President was required to be elected by the members of the jatiya Sangsad. Moreover, through
Article 59 of the Constitution this Act ensured the participation of the people’s representatives in local government
bodies.
13th Amendment
The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1996 introduced a non-party Caretaker Government (CtG) system
which, acting as an interim government, would give all possible aid and assistance to the Election Commission for
holding the general election.
15th Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment was passed on 30 June 2011 made some significant changes to the constitution. The
amendment scrapped the system of Caretaker Government of Bangladesh. It also made following changes to the
constitution:
 Increased number of women reserve seats to 50 from existing 45.
 After the article 7 it inserted articles 7(a) and 7(b) in a bid to end take over of power through extra-
constitutional means.
 Restored secularism and freedom of religion.
 Incorporated nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism as the fundamental principles of the state policy.
 Acknowledged Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the Father of the Nation.
16th Amendment
16th amendment of the constitution was passed by the parliament on September 17, 2014 which gave power to the
Jatiyo Shangshad to remove judges if allegations of incapability or misconduct against them are proved. On 5 May
2016, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh declared the 16th Amendment illegal and contradictory to the Constitution.
17th Amendment
On July 8, 2018, the parliament unanimously passed the 17th amendment to the constitution which increases the
tenure of 50 lawmakers who are elected in the women reserved seat to 25 years.

GK-Lecture-01-06 25
 Previous Year Questions
01. Which country is developing a 750 acre Industrial zone in Bangladesh? Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-19)
A) Japan B) India C) Malaysia D) China Ans. D
02. Which country has adopted Bangali language the status of second state language?
Sonali Bank Ltd. Senior Officer (FF-19)
A) India B) Nepal C) Sierra Leone D) Uganda Ans. C
03. During the Liberation War of Bangladesh, the President of USSR was- BB, AD (General-18)
A) Nikita Khrushchev B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Mikhali Gorbachev D) Nikolai Podgorny Ans. D
04. Awami Muslim League was founded in- BB,AD (General-18)
A) Rose Garden B) Rup Mohal Cinema Hall
C) Ahsan Manjil D) Madhur Canteen Ans. A
05. In 2018-19 Budget of Bangladesh, forecast of private investment is- BB, AD (General-18)
A) 10.35%ofGDP B) 15.25% of GDP
C) 20.45% of GDP D) 25.15% of GDP Ans. D
06. Budget deficit (% of GDP) stands at FY 2018-19 of Bangladesh is- BB, AD (General-18)
A) 3.9 B) 4.9 C) 5.9 D) 6.3 Ans. B
07. The Atral flows through — district of Bangladesh. BB, Officer (General.18)
A) Dhaka B) Sylhet C) Bogra D) Dinajpur Ans. D
08. National Voters Day of Bangladesh is observed on- BB, Officer (General-18)
A) April 4 B) March 1 C) October 10 D) September 10 Ans. B
09. The eighth division of Bangladesh is- RB, Officer (General-18)
A) Rangpur B) Cumilla C) Barishal D) Mymensingh Ans. D
10. Asma Jahangir is a renowned——— activist. BB, Officer (General-18)
A) human rights B) animal rights C) political rights D) legal rights Ans. A
11. The name of the passenger train runs between Kolkata and Khulna is- RB, Officer (General-iS)
A) Shouhardo B) Bandhon C) Mukti D) Progoti Ans. B
12. Which country has adopted ‘Bengali language’ the status of second state language?
B. Govt. Banks & Fl, (S.O-18)
A) India B) Nepal C) Sierra Leone D) Uganda Ans. C
13. Export growth are achieved in FY 2017-18 is- 5 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) 5.81% B) 6.61% C) 8.87% D) 5.52% Ans. A
14. Tumbru Rohinga Camp of Bangladesh is located in- 5 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) Khagrachhori B) Rangamati C) Bandarban D) Cox’s Bazar Ans. C
15. In the present Fiscal Year, the following sector has earned the highest export growth.
5 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) RMG sector B) Agricultural sector C) Industry sector D) Fisheries sector Ans. A
16. The autobiography titled Tt is written by-
A) Panna Kaisar B) Sara Zaker C) Ferdausi Mazumder D) Enamul Huq Ans. C
17. The word ‘Twibill’ is related to- 5 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) sharpene weapon B) old fashioned gun
C) lethal ammunitions D) poisonous sword Ans. A
18. The gold medal winner from Bangladesh in the 59th International Mathematical Olympiad is-
5 Govt Banks & Fl, (O.-18)
A) Tamjid Morshed B) Tahnik Noor C) Ahmed Jawad D) Joydeep Saha Ans. C
19. Bangabandhu Satellite 1 was launched from which place? Sonali Banks & Janata Sank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Zurich Space Center B) London Space Center C) Kennedy Space Center D) New York Space Center Ans. C
20. The first parliament election in Bangladesh was held in- Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) 1970 B) 1971 C) 1972 D) 1973 Ans. D
21. Who wrote ‘September on Jessore Road’? Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Alan Ginsberg B) Monica Au C) Robert Itosi D) Anisul Hoque F Ans. A
22. The first Bangladeshi to earn Grand Master title is: Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Niaz Morshed B) Ziaur Rahman C) Rani Hamid D) Quazi Motahar Hossain Ans. A
23. How many female persons were awarded the title ‘Bir Protik’ for their contributions in the Liberation War
of Bangladesh? Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 Ans. A

GK-Lecture-01-06 26
24. The tribe ‘Hajong’ mainly lives in- Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Sylhet and Rangamati B) Rangpur and Dinajpur
C) Mymensingh and Netrokona D) Cox’s Bazar and Bandarban Ans. C
25. Who was the first editor of literary magazine ‘Bangadarshan’? Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O.
(IT/ICT-18)
A) Pan Chad Mitra B) Bankim Chandra ki Chattopadhy
C) Akshay Kumar Datta D) Promoth Chowdhury Ans. B
26. In which Aztec civilization was originated? Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Offlcer-18)
A) USA B) Greece C) Mexico D) Egypt Ans. C
27. The Bangabandhu Satellite-i was launched by- Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior OffIcer-18)
A) Falcon 9 Block 5 B) Spacebar C) NASA D) Ariane 5 Ans. A
28. ‘All powers in the Republic belong to the people’. It is mentioned in our constitution on the article-
Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) 4 B) 7 C) 15 D) 17 Ans. B
29. How many valiant freedom fighters were awarded the title ‘Bir Uttam’ for their stellar performances in
Bangladesh Liberation of 1971? Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) 66 B) 68 C) 67 D) 69 Ans. B
30. Birshrestha Nur Muhammad Sheikh is remembered most importantly for his heroic fight against the
Pakistani occupation army in : Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) Goalhati, Jessore B) Kashipur, Jessore C) Mahishkhola, Narail D) Chowgach, Jessore Ans. A
31. ‘Sheikh Hasina Cantonment’ is located at — Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) Patuakhali District B) Jhalokati District
C) Barguna District D) Pirojpur District Ans. A
32. Which one of the famous Six-point demands of the Bengalis contained specific provision for a distinct
monetary system? Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) Point number 2 B) Point number 3 C) Point number 4 D) Point number 5 Ans. B
33. A statute for the protection of the rights of consumers in Bangladesh was first enacted in the year -
Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) 2006 B) 2011 C) 2009 D) 2010 Ans. C
34. The Forth Industrial Revolution is featured by emergence of technological break-through in a number of
fields except — Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) Nanotechnology B) Artificial Intelligence
C) 3D Printing D) Personal Computer Ans. D
35. Who has received posthumous Ekushey Padak in 2018? Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-iS)
A) Humayun Ahmed B) Humayu Azad C) Humayun Kabir D) Humayun Faridi Ans. D
36. The first BIMSTEC summit was held in — Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-iB)
A) Bangkok B) Goa C) New Delhi D) Dhaka Ans. A
37. The war strategy of Muktibahini is known as — Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-iS)
A) Mujibnagar strategy B) Rajarbag strategy
C) Teliapar strategy D) Muktifouz strategy Ans. C
38. The number of lines of our National Anthem played at any national ceremony is first - Rupali Bank Ltd.,
0. (C-18)
A) 10 lines B) 4 lines C) 6 lines D) 5 lines Ans. B
39. The size of Bangladesh’s national budget in fiscal year 2017-18 is- Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) 3 lac 80 crore B) 4 lac 266 crore C) 4 lac 80 crore D) 5 lac 600 crore Ans.B
40. The number of common rivers between Bangladesh and India is- Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) 50 B) 52 C) 53 D) 54 Ans. D
41. The national Jute day is on — Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) 5th March B) 6th March C) 5th April D) 6th April Ans. B
42. Teletalk recently launched a promotional offer for women is- Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) Bohnnishikha B) Anannya C) Aporajita D) Shampurna Ans. C
43. The name of the ancient locality of bengal is- Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) Gauro B) Tamralipti C) Anga D) Koshala Ans. A
44. The name of the organization who recently invited the three Nobel (peace) laurates in Bangladesh is
Rupali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) Naripaksha B) BRAC C) ASA D) Nije Kori Ans. A
45. Which of the following is not a part of the World Bank Group? P1(8, Executive Officer (Cash-18)
A) IDA B) IMF C) IBRD D) IFC Ans. B
GK-Lecture-01-06 27
 Practice Test
1. Which of the following locations has been proposed for establishment of IT village of Bangladesh?
A) Rajshahi B) Jessore C) Comilla D) Chittagong
2. The Survey of Bangladesh is under which Ministry?
A) Ministry of Planning B) Ministry of Defence
C) Ministry of Home D) Ministry of Land
3. The ‘Swatch ofNo Ground’ hole is located in—
A) The Meghna B) Goalanda
C) Aricha D) The Bay of Bengal
4. Language movement of 1952 created a---
A) A new national perception B) A new social system
C) Political doctrine D) A cultural movement
5. In which district Dohogram enclave is situated?
A) Rangpur B) Lalmonirhat C) Kurigram D) Gaibandha
6. Which European country first recognized Bangladesh as a sovereign state?
A) Albania B) East Germany C) Poland D) Romania
7. How many districts are in the Dhaka division?
A) 20 B) 19 C) 18 D) 17
8. Which is the Origin of Bangali nation?
A) Drabir B) Austrick C) Negrito D) Votechin
9. What is the birth day of Bangabandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
A) 10 Jan B) 17 March C) 10 Feb D) 17 April
10. Who is the last viceroy in British-India?
A) Lord Bentinc B) Lord Karnawalish C) Lord Mansfield D) Lord Mountbaten
11. Mujibnagar situated at
A) Chuadanga B) Nababganj C) Satkhira D) Meherpur
12. Which is the oldest city of Bangladesh?
A) Mohastangarh B) Sonargaon C) Moynamoti D) Paharpur
13. What is the terminal year of the Bangladesh Perspective Plan?
A) 2015 B) 2020 C) 2016 D) 2021
14. The number ofJuvenile Correction Center in Bangladesh is —
A) 5 B) 10 C) 2 D) 8
15. Who is the prime minister of Pakistan at 21st February of 1952?
A) Mohammad All B) Khaja Najimuddin
C) Nurul Amin D) Liakot All Khan
16. Who divided Bengal in Banga and Asam province?
A) Lord Bentinc B) Lord Karnawalish
C) Lord Karzon D) Lord Mounthaten
17. National garden of Bangladesh is--
A) Ramna garden B) Swahrawardi Uddyan
C) Botanical garden D) None
18. How many sectors are there in the liberation war of Bangladesh?
A) 7 B) 9 C) 11 D) 12
19. When does the flag of Bangladesh firstly raised up?
A) 25 March1972 B) 26 March1972
C) 7 March1972 D) 2 March1972
20. The cyclone namely Ayla is happened in Bangladesh in---
A) 2009 B) 1991 C) 2007 D) 1998
21. Which is the largest river in Bangladesh?
A) Jamuna B) Padma C) Meghna D) Brahmmaputra
22. 21st February is the same date of-- according to Bengali calender.
A) 21st Falgun B) 5th Falgun C) 9th Falgun D) 8th Falgun
23. Which of the following was not a Mughal Emperor?
A) Bahadur Shah B) Akbar C) Isha Khan D) Babar
24. Where is the Chalan Bed?
A) Rajshahi district B) Naogaon district
C) Natore and Naogaon district D) Natore and Pabna district
25. Which is the largest district in Bangladesh?
A) Rangamati B) Chittagong C) Jessore D) Dhaka

GK-Lecture-01-06 28
26. Where is the capital of Bangla in Sultani age?
A) Dhaka B) Gaora C) Sonargaon D) jahangirnagar
27. The length of the Padma Bridge is:
A) 4.1 km B) 5.2 km C) 6.15 km D) 6.75 km
28. When was the national flag of independent Bangladesh hoisted?
A) March 2, 1971 B) March 7, 1971
C) March 26, 1971 D) December 16, 1971
29. Which of the following crosses Bangladesh?
A) The equator B) The tropic of Capricom
C) The topic of Cancer D) The 38th parallel
30. 1st European invader who attacked the Indian province first--
A) Vasco da gama B) Alexander The Great
C) Herold Jack Milan D) Captain HoIwel
31. Which area of Bangladesh was the first to free from Pakistani army in 1971?
A) Jessore and Sylhet B) Mymensing C) Kushtia D) Rangpur and Dinajpur
32. Banga bhanga was done in which year?
A) 1905 B) 1906 C) 1911 D) 1947
33. What is the old name of Dhaka?
A) Islampur B) Dacca C) Sonargaon D) Jahangirnagar
34. Which of the following time zones in Bangladesh is--
A) GMT + 06:00 hours B) GMT - 05:00 hours
C) GMT ÷ 05:00 hours D) GMT - 06:00 hours
35. Who is the pioneer of modern education system to spread over it among the muslim?
A) Naoab Sir Salimullah B) Sir Sayed Ahmedkhan
C) Sayed Amir Ali D) Naoab Abdul Latif
36. Which country is the first acceptor of Bangladesh?
A) Bhutan B) Russia C) India D) Sri Lanka
37. Who transfered the capital of Bangla from Dhaka to Murshidabad?
A) Sobadar Islam Khan B) Sobadar Shayasta Khan
C) Nabab Siraju-Doula D) Nahab Murshid Kuli Khan
38. How many freedom fighters are titled by ‘Bir Uttam’?
A) 44 B) 68 C) 257 D) 163
39. Who is the founder of permanent settlement?
A) John Mayer B) Waren Hestings
C) Lord Karnawalish D) Lord Clive
40. Satidaha Protha was prohibited in--
A) 1839 B) 1849 C) 1829 D) 1819
41. Which is the first title of 21-article?
A) Remove economic in-equity of East Bengal
B) Education of Land lord system without any compesation
C) Bangla will be the state language D) Provincial autonomy
42. The first Bangladeshi woman to climb the world’s highest peak, the Mount Everest is:
A) Nishat Majumder B) Wasfia Nazreen C) Nishat Nazreen D) Wasfia Majumder
43. Which country was the first to recognize Bangladesh as an Independent Nation?
A) Bhutan B) India C) USSR D) USA
44. How many persons were awarded the title ‘Bir Protik’ for their contribution of the liberation war of
Bangladesh?
A) 2 B)3 C)4 D)None of these
45. In which sector Dhaka was included at the time of liberation war?
A) Sector No. 4 B) Sector No. 1 C) Sector No. 3 D) None of the above
46. ‘Lahore proposal’ was stated on--
A) 28Apr11 1946 B) 28Apr11 1947 C) 13 March 1939 D) 23 March 1940
47. Who is the first muslim victor of Bengal?
A) Boktiar Khalji B) Elias Shah C) Hossen Shah D) Mohammad Bin Kasem
48. How many women freedom fighters received the Beer Pratik Award for their contribution in the Liberation
war of Bangladesh?
A)1 B)7 C)2 D)3
49. ‘The liberation of Bangladesh’ is written by---
A) Major General Sukhwanto Singh B) A. K Khandaker
C) Major Rafiqul Islam D) Rashid Karim

GK-Lecture-01-06 29
50. In which sector there was no ‘sector commander’?
A) 10 B)11 C)3 D)7
51. The river Padma enters Bangladesh through---
A) Khulna B) Rajshahi C) Kushtia D) Dinajpur
52. Which is the hotest place of Bangladesh?
A) Srimangal B) Putia C) Lalpur D) Lalkhan
53. At first Bangladesh wins in test match cricket against--
A) Zimbabwe B) West Indies C) India D) Srilanka
54. Who is thedesiner ofNational flag of Bangladesh?
A) Hamidur Rahman B) Hashem Khan C) Zainul Abedin D) Kamrul Hasan
55. Length ofthe proposed sky train will be--
A) 23km B) 24km C) 2lkm D) 22km
56. Proposed ‘Garments Industry Park’ will be constructed at----
A) Gajaria, Munshiganj B) Tangi, Gazipur
C) Baushia, Munshiganj D) Valuka, Mymensingh
57. Who is the desiner of National monogram?
A) A. N. Shaha B) Shib Narayan Das
C) Zainul Abedin D) Kamrul Hasan
58. Which Muslim countries was the first to recognize Bangladesh as an independent country?
A) Saudi Arabia B) Kuwait C) Egypt D) Iraq
59. Which shipyard had made warship for the first time in Bangladesh?
A) Chittagong Shipyard B) Mongla Shipyard
C) Narayangonj Shipyard D) Khulna Shipyard
60. In which district is Dahagram enclave situated?
A) Lalmonirhat B) Panchagar C) Kurigram D) Rajshahi
61. How many times has the Constitution of Bangladesh been amended?
A) 13 B) 14 C) 16 D) 17
62. Which Bangladeshi invented ‘Power Control Machine’?
A) Sajedul (Comilla) B) Shafiqul (Dhaka)
C) Shahidul (Barguna) D) Rafiqul (Bagerhat)
63. Mime maestro Partha Pratim Majumder was born in the district of--
A) Faridpur B) Comilla C) Bogra D) Pabna
64. What is the current name of Sharda Police Academy?
A) Bangladesh Police B) Police Force
C) Bangladesh Police Academy D) Police International
65. According to the population which is the smallest Thana of Bangladesh?
A) Rajshahi B) Shyamnagar C) Thanchi D) Shibganj
66. When currency first issued in Bangladesh?
A) 7 March 1972 B) 16 December 1972
C) 4 February 1972 D) 4 March 1972
67. What is the name of first women secretary of Bangladesh?
A) Jakia Sultana B) Mahmuda Haque Chowdhury
C) Tahmina Khan Doli D) Hosne Ara Begurn
68. Who is the 12th chairman of Bangladesh Public Service Commission?
A) A T Ahmedul Haque Chowdhury B) Dr. Au Reza
C) Dr. Sadat Hossin D) Dr. Abdur Raza Khan
69. The recently celebrated new Bengali year is-
A) 1415 B) 1416 C) 1414 D) 1421
70. According to the BBS statistics, which district of Bangladesh has the highest literacy rate?
A) Sylhet B) Barisal C) Dhaka D) Mymensingh
71. Who is the author of the book ‘Building Social Business’?
A) Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed B) Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed
C) Dr. Mohammad Yunus D) Dr. Atiur Rahman
72. Who is the Director of liberation war based film ‘Guerilla’?
A) Tanvir Mukammel B) Chasi Nazrul Islam
C) Nasiruddin Yusuf D) Sayed Shamsul Haque
73. Length of ‘Bangla Channel’ is--
A) 16km B) 15km C) 12km D) l4km
74. Who was the first finance minister of Bangladesh?
A) A.H.M. Quamruzzaman B) Tajuddin Ahmed
C) Captain Monsur Ali D) Dr.A.R. Mallick
GK-Lecture-01-06 30
75. Which is the national day of Bangladesh?
A) 21 February B) 7 March C) 16 December D) 26 March
76. What is the name of the largest upazilla according to area in Bangladesh?
A) Rajshahi B) Shyamnagar C) Copanyganj D) Begumganj
77. Which is the largest district of Bangladesh according to area?
A) Rangamati B) Chittagong C) Dhaka D) Meherpur
78. Digital telephone system starts at Bangladesh at first in--
A) 17 April 1971 B) 4 January 1990
C) 1 December 1980 D) 26 March 1972
79. How many districts are there in Rajshahi division?
A) 8 B) 16 C) 17 D) 10
80. ‘Industrial Police’ started its action in Bangladesh from---
A) 31 December 2010 B) 31 October 2010
C) 30 October 2010 D) 30 September 2010
81. Largest fertilizer factory of Bangladesh--
A) Chatok fertilizer factory B) Fenchuganj fertilizer factory
C) Jamuna fertilizer factory D) Chittagong fertilizer factory
82. Largest upazilla according to population--
A) Savar, Dhaka B) Shyamnagar, Satkhira
C) Begumgang, Noakhali D) Kotoali, Dhaka
83. Who was the first prime minister ofthe government of Bangladesh?
A) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman B) Tajuddin Ahmed
C) Nazrul Islam D) Justice Adu Sayeed Choudhury
84. Tallest building ofthe world is located in:
A) Taip B) Dubal C) Kualalampur D) New York
85. Laptop ‘DOEL’ is produced by--
A) Telephone Shilpa Sangstha B) Ministry of Information and Communication Technology
C) Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission D) All of above
86. What is the name of first warship that was made in Bangladesh?
A) Mobil Craft B) Petrol Craft
C) Diesel Craft D) All of above
87. Which is the smallest (in terms of area) district in Bangladesh?
A) Jhalokathi B) Hobigonj
C) Barguna D) None of these
88. Who is the present chairman of NRB?
A) Mohammad Jalil B) Mohammad Jabir
C) Mohammad Jakir D) Golam Hossain
89. Who is the first female foreign minister of Bangladesh?
A) Dr. Dipu Moni B) Begum Sahara Khatun
C) Begum Rokeya D) Begum Sajeda Khatun
90. What is the length of Padma Bridge?
A) 5.03 km B) 4.8 km C) 6.03 km D) 6.15 km

Anser key of Parctice Test

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D
11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B
31. A 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. C
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. A
51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. D 60. A
61. C 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. C 66. D 67. A 68. A 69. D 70. B
71. C 72. C 73. D 74. C 75. D 76. B 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. B
81. C 82. A 83. B 84. B 85. A 86. B 87. D 88. D 89. D 90. D

GK-Lecture-01-06 31
 Lecture- 03
Teacher’s Content
 Economy of Bangladesh  Banking system in Bangladesh
 Central Bank of Bangladesh & our Currency  FYP

Content Discussion
Economy and Banking System of Bangladesh
 Economy of Bangladesh  Running Mega Project of Bangladesh
 Electricity Sector in Bangladesh  Banking in Bangladesh
 Banking History of Bangladesh  Central Bank of Bangladesh & History of our
currency
 Central Bank vs Commercial Bank  Commercial Bank vs Specialized bank
 Scheduled Bank vs Non Schedule Bank  Scheduled Banks
 Conventional Banking System vs Islamic Banking  Specialized Banks (SDBs)
System
 Bank vs NBFIS  Conventional PCBs
 State Owned Banks (SOBs)  Islami Shariah Based PCBs
 Private Commercial Banks (PCBs)
 Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs)
 Basic Micro and Macro Economics  Fiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy
 GDP vs GNP  GNI
 BOT vs BOP  Direct tax vs Indirect tax
 Capital Market vs Money Market  Poverty Rate
Economy of Bangladesh
Bangladesh has a market economy. It is considered the 44th largest economy in the world and the second fastest
growing. In 2022, it reached 7.25% and is around $49.246 billion. This amount is expected to increase to $67.00
billion by 2023. Bangladesh relies on diversified industries including textiles, pharmaceuticals, leather, fishing, steel,
natural gas, shipbuilding telecommunications, and food processing.

GDP $ 416.26 billion (nominal; 2021-22)

GDP rank 41st (nominal) 30th (PPP); Purchasing Power Parity
7.25%(FY 2021-22)
GDP growth
6.9% (FY 2020-21)
$ 2,723 (nominal; 2021-22)
GDP per capita
$ 6,633 (PPP; 2022 est)
GDP per capita rank 161st (nominal) /165th (PPP)
Agriculture- 11.50%
GDP by sector Industry- 37.07%
Services- 51.44% (FY 2021-22)
Inflation [CPL) 5.83% (FY 2021-22)
Poverty: 20.5%
Population below poverty line
Extream Poverty: 10.5% (NER 2022)
Labor force 69.7 million (2022 est.)
Agriculture: 40.6%
Labor force by occupation Industry: 20.4%
Services: 39.0% (NER 2022)
Overall 4.2%
Unemployment Male 3.1%
Female 6.7% (Labour Force Survey 2017)
textile, pharmaceutical products, electronics, shipbuilding, automotive,
Main Industries
bicycle, leather, lute, glass, paper, plastic, food and beverages, cement,
GK-Lecture-01-06
32
 tea, rice, natural gas and crude petroleum, Iron and steel
Ease-of-doing-business rank 168th (2022)
Export $ 49.246 billion (FY 2021-22)
European Union(+) 44.6%
United States(+) 19.9%
India(+) 3.8%
Canada(+) 2.9%
Main Export Partners
Japan(+) 2.6%
Australia(+) 1.7%
Southeast Asia(+) 1.6%
China(+) 1.3%
Imports $ 82.495 billion (FY 2021-22)
China- 21.5%
India- 12.2%
Singapore- 9.2%
Main import partners
European Union- 6.2%
Hong Kong- 5.5%
Other- 45.3%
Gross external debt $ 72.1 billion (November 2021 est)
Public debt 40.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Revenues BDT 4330 billion (FY 2022-23)
Expenses BDT 6780.64 billion (FY 2022-23)
GDP growth
The GDP growth rate is how much more the economy produced than in the previous quarter. The ideal rate is between
2 and 3%. In a healthy economy, unemployment and inflation are in balance. The natural rate of unemployment will
be between 4.7% and 5.8% but 7.25 was 2021-22FY.
Inflation
Inflation is a quantitative measure of the rate at which the average price level of a basket of selected goods and
services in an economy increases over a period of time. It is the constant rise in the general level of prices where a unit
of currency buys less than it did in prior periods. Often expressed as a percentage, inflation indicates a decrease in the
purchasing power of a nation’s currency.
Per Capita Income
Per capita income is a measure of the amount of money earned per person in a nation or geographic region. Per capita
income can be used to determine the average per-person income for an area and to evaluate the standard of living and
quality of life of the population. Per capita income for a nation is calculated by dividing the country’s national income
by its population.

Bangladesh Inflation Rate

The annual inflation rate in Bangladesh edged up to 5.83% percent by NER 2022 from 5.55% percent in the prior
month. Inflation Rate in Bangladesh averaged 6.53 percent from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 16
percent in September of 2011 and a record low of -0.03 percent in December of 1996.
Banking in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a third world country with an under developed banking system, particularly in terms of the services and
customer care provided by the government run banks. Recently the private banks are trying to imitate the banking
structure of the more developed countries.
History of Banking in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Bank acts as a central bank for our country and it controls, supervises, and looks after the scheduled banks
in the private commercial banks as well as the nationalized commercial banks formed by amalgamating the business
of the twelve banks doing business in Bangladesh before liberation as per schedule given below:
Nationalized
Bank Name: Before Independence
Sonali Bank National Bank of Pakistan Bank of Bhawalpur Premier Bank Limited
Rupali Bank Muslim Commercial Bank Australasia Bank Ltd. Standard Bank Limited
Agrani Bank Commerce Bank Limited Habib Bank Limited -
Janata Bank United Bank Limited Union Bank Limited -
Pubali Bank Eastern Mercantile Bank Limited
Uttara Bank Eastern Banking Corporation
More about History of Bank

GK-Lecture-01-06
33
After the liberation of Bangladesh the twelve Banking companies who were doing business in Bangladesh, were
nationalized by the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh under president’s order No.26 of 1972
entitled The Bangladesh Bank (Nationalizations) Order, 1972” on March 26, 1972.
History of Private Banks in Bangladesh
There were no domestic private commercial banks in Bangladesh until 1982; When the Arab-Bangladesh Bank Ltd.
commenced private commercial banking in the country. Five more commercial banks came up in 1983 and initiated a
moderate growth in banking financial institutions. Despite slow growth in number of individual banks, there had been
a relatively higher growth of branches of nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) during 1973-83. There number had
increased from 1512 in 1973-74 to4603 in 1982-83.
Central Bank of Bangladesh & History of our Currency
Bangladesh Bank
Bangladesh Bank, the central bank and apex regulatory body for the country’s monetary and financial system, was
established in Dhaka as a body corporate vide the Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972 (P.O. No. 127 of 1972) with effect
from 16th December, 1971. At present it has ten offices located at Motijheel, Sadarghat, Chittagong, Khulna, Bogra,
Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barisal, Rangpur and Mymensingh in Bangladesh; total manpower stood at 5807 (officials 3981,
subordinate staff 1826) as on March 31, 2015.
Functions:
BB performs all the core functions of a typical monetary and financial sector regulator, and a number of other non
core functions. The major functional areas include:
• Formulation and implementation of monetary and credit policies.
• Regulation and supervision of banks and non-bank financial institutions, promotion and development of
domestic financial markets.
• Management of the country’s international reserves.
• Issuance of currency notes.
• Regulation and supervision of the payment system.
• Acting as banker to the government.
• Money Laundering Prevention.
• Collection and furnishing of credit information.
• Implementation of the Foreign exchange regulation Act.
• Managing a Deposit Insurance Scheme.
History of Bangladeshi Currency
The currency for Bangladesh is the Bangladeshi Taka (BDT). The Central Bank of Bangladesh controls the right to
issue the currency. The symbols used for the Taka are Tk. The Taka is divided into smaller denominations of 100
poisha. The word Taka is commonly used by the locals as any money currency. The 1-taka coin is almost never used
and is rare.
History
✓ Until 1971, the Indian Rupee was used in Bangladesh.
✓ In 1972, the Taka became the official currency of Bangladesh.
✓ In 1973 coins were implemented for the following denominations: 50, 25, 10, and 5 poisha.
✓ Treasury Taka notes were issued from the year 1972 until 1989.
✓ In 2008, the Bangladesh government issued the first 1,000-taka note.
✓ In 2011, a new series of notes were in introduced. All the notes carry the 2011 date and a watermark.
Central Bank vs Commercial Bank
✓ The bank which monitors, regulates, and controls the financial system of the economy is known of central Bank
✓ The financial institution which receives deposits from people and advances them money is known as commercial
bank
✓ Central bank is the banker to banks, govt. and financial institutions. Where commercial bank is the banker to
citizens.
✓ The central bank is the supreme monetary authority of the country. As against this, the commercial bank does not
has such authority and powers.
✓ The central bank does not operate with a profit motive. The primary aim of the central bank is to achieve the
objectives of economic policy of govt. and maximize the public welfare through monetary measures.
✓ The commercial banks have profit earning as their primary objective.
✓ The central bank does not deal directly with the public. The commercial banks directly deal with the public.
✓ The central bank has the monopoly of vote issue whereas the commercial banks do not enjoy such right.
✓ The central bank is the custodian of the foreign exchange reserves of the country. The commercial banks are only
dealers in foreign exchange.

GK-Lecture-01-06
34
✓ The central bank acts as the banker’s bank-
➢ The commercial banks are required to keep a certain proportion of their reserves with central bank.
➢ The central bank helps at the time of emergency.
➢ The central bank acts as the clearing house for the commercial banks.
Commercial Bank vs Specialized Bank
✓ Commercial bank is a financial institution that provides services such as accepting deposits, giving business loans,
mortgage lending and basic investment products like savings accounts and certificates of deposit.
✓ Specialized bank is established for specific objectives like agriculture or industrial development. There are 3
specialized banks—
 BKB  RKUB  BSBL
Scheduled Bank vs Non Schedule Bank
✓ The banks which get license to operate under Bank company Act, 1991 (Amended upto 2013) are termed as
scheduled bank.
✓ The banks which are established for special and definite purpose / objective and operate under the acts that are
exacted for meeting up those objectives, are termed as Non-scheduled banks. These banks can’t perform all
functions of scheduled bank.
✓ There are 61 scheduled banks. (last Citizens Bank)
✓ There are now 5 Non-scheduled banks in BD which are:
Jubilee Bank Grammeen Bank Palli Sanchay Bank
Karmashangosthan Bank Ansar VDP Unnayan Bank
Bank vs NBFIs
✓ Financial Institution Act 1993 (2 Govt.)
✓ A govt. authorized financial intermediary that aims at providing banking services to the general public is called
bank. An NBFIS is a company that provide banking services without holding a banking license.
✓ NBFIS can not issue chaques, pay- orders or demand draft.
✓ NBFIS can not be involved in foreign exchange financing.
✓ NBFIs can conduct their business operations with diversified financing modes like syndicate financing, lease
financing, bride financing, securitization instruments, private placement of equity etc.
✓ It is mandatory for bank to maintain reserve ratio like CRR or SLR. As opposed to NBFTS which does not require
to maintain reserve ratio.
Conventional Banking System vs Islamic Banking System
Conventional Banking System Islamic Banking System
Money is a product besides medium of exchange and store of Real Asset is a product. Money is just a
value medium of exchange
Profit on exchange of goods & services is
Time value is the basis for charging interest on capital
the basis for earning profit
The expanded money in the money market without backing the Balance budget is the outcome of no
real assets, results deficit financing expansion of money
Interest is charged even in case, the organization suffers losses. Loss is shared when the organization suffers
Thus no concept of sharing loss loss
The execution of agreements for the
While disbursing cash finance, running finance or working
exchange of goods & services is must, while
capital finance, no agreement for exchange of goods & services is
disbursing funds under Murabaha, Salam &
made
Istisna contracts
Due to non existence of goods & services behind the money Due to existence of goods & services no
while disbursing funds, the expansion of money takes place, expansion of money takes place and thus no
which creates inflation inflation is created
Due to inflation the entrepreneur increases prices of his goods & Due to control over inflation, no extra price
services, due to incorporating inflationary effect into cost of product is charged by the entrepreneur
Musharakah & Diminishing Musharakah
Bridge financing and long term loans lending is not made on the agreements are made after making sure the
basis of existence of capital goods existence of capital good before disbursing
funds for a capital project
Government can not obtain loans from the
Government very easily obtains loans from Central Bank through Monetary
Money Market Operations without initiating capital development Agency without making sure the delivery of
expenditure goods to
National Investment fund
Real growth of wealth does not take place, as the money remains Real growth in the wealth of the people of
in few hands the society takes place, due to multiplier
GK-Lecture-01-06
35

Due to failure of the projects the loan is written off as it becomes
non performing loan
Debts financing gets the advantage of leverage for an enterprise,
due to interest expense as deductible item form taxable profits.
This causes huge burden of taxes on salaried persons. Thus the
saving and disposable income of the people is effected badly.
This results decrease in the real gross domestic product
Due to decrease in the real GDP, the net exports amount becomes
negative. This invites further foreign debts and the local-currency
becomes weaker
effect and real wealth goes into the
ownership of lot of hands
Due to failure of the project, the management
of the organization can be taken over to hand
over to a better management
Sharing profits in case of Mudarabah and
sharing in the organization of business
venture in case of Musharakah, provides
extra tax to Federal Government. This leads
to minimize the tax burden over salaried
persons. Due to which savings & disposable
income of the people is increased, which
results the increase in the real gross
domestic product
Due to increase in the real GDP, the net
exports amount becomes positive, this
reduces foreign debts burden and local-
currency becomes stronger

State Owned Banks (SOBs)

There are 6 state owned commercial banks (SOCEs) which are fully or majorly owned by the Government of
Bangladesh.
Sonali Bank Limited Agrani Bank Limited BASIC Bank Limited
Janata Bank Limited Rupali Bank Limited Bangladesh Development Bank Limited
Specialized banks (SDBs)
3 specialized banks are now operating which were established for specific objectives like agricultural or industrial
development. These banks are also fully or majorly owned by the Government of Bangladesh.
I. Bangladesh Krishi Bank
II. Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank
III. Probashi Kallyan Bank
Private commercial banks (PCBs)
There is a total of 43 PCBs in Bangladesh are in operation right now. They are majorly owned by private entities and
classified into two types. Such as Conventional and Islami Banks. In total 33 conventional PCBs are now operating in
the industry. They perform the banking functions in conventional fashion i.e. interest based operations.
AB Bank Limited Mercantile Bank Limited
Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited Midland Bank Limited
Bank Asia Limited Modhumoti Bank Limited
BRAC Bank Limited Mutual Trust Bank Limited
City Bank Limited National Bank Limited
Community Bank Bangladesh Limited National Credit & Commerce Bank Limited
Dhaka Bank Limited NRB Bank Limited
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited NRB Commercial Bank Ltd
Eastern Bank Limited One Bank Limited
IFIC Bank Limited Padma Bank Limited
Jamuna Bank Limited Premier Bank Limited
Meghna Bank Limited Bengal Commercial Bank Ltd
Prime Bank Limited Citizens Bank PLC
Pubali Bank Limited Trust Bank Limited
Shirnanto Bank Ltd United Commercial Bank Ltd
South Bangla Agriculture and Commerce Uttara Bank Limited
Bank Limited Southeast Bank Ltd.

Islami Shariah Based PCBs

There are 10 Islami Shariah-based PCBs in Bangladesh and they execute banking activities according to lslami
Shariah-based principles i.e. Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS) mode.

GK-Lecture-01-06
36
 Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited
Al-Arafahlslami Bank Limited
EXIM Bank Limited
ICB Islamic Bank Limited
Standard Bank Limited
Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs)
In total 9 FCBs are operating in Bangladesh as the branches of the banks which are incorporated in abroad.
Bank Al-Falah Limited
Standard Chartered Bank
HSBC
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
Woori Bank
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
Social lslami Bank Limited
First Security Islami Bank Limited
Union Bank Limited
Global Islami Bank Limited
Habib Bank Limited
Citibank N.A
State Bank of India
National Bank of Pakistan

Central & Commercial Banking (Finance and Accounting Issues)

Bank Balance Sheet

A balance sheet is a financial report that shows the value of a company’s assets, liabilities, and owner’s
equity on a specific date, usually at the end of an accounting period, such as a quarter or a year. An asset is
anything that can be sold for value. A liability is an obligation that must eventually be paid, and, hence, it is
a claim on assets. The owner’s equity in a bank is often referred to as bank capital, which is what is left
when all assets have been sold and all liabilities have been paid.
Funded facilities
Funded facilities are those financing facilities in which funds of the Bank, Non-bank financial institution,
credit union, or any monetary union are directly involved. The examples of funded facilities can be, a Bank
overdraft, Overnight lending facility, Cash Finance, Running Finance, Financing against Defense saving
certificates or other marketable securities, Project Financing, etc.
Non-funded facilities
Non-funded facilities are those financing facilities in which bank has no direct exposure of its funds. Instead
of direct involvement of funds, bank facilitates a certain transaction. The examples of non-funded facility
could be Letter of credit, Letter of guarantee, performance bond, bid bond, etc.
Off-balance-sheet activities
Off-balance-sheet activities are financial services which earn revenue but do not directly or immediately put
assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. Examples include loan commitments, letters of credit, loan
brokerage, securitization, and derivatives.
Tier 1 capital
Tier 1 capital is a bank’s core capital and includes disclosed reserves—that appears on the bank’s financial
statements—and equity capital. This money is the funds a bank uses to function on a regular basis and forms
the basis of a financial institution’s strength.
Tier 2 capital
Tier 2 capital is a bank’s supplementary capital. Undisclosed reserves, subordinated term debts, hybrid
financial products, and other items make up these funds.
Regulatory capital
A capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital or capital adequacy) is the amount of capital a bank
or other financial institution has to have as required by its financial regulator. This is usually expressed as a
capital adequacy ratio of equity as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. These requirements are put into
place to ensure that these institutions do not take on excess leverage and become insolvent. Capital
requirements govern the ratio of equity to debt, recorded on the liabilities and equity side of a firm’s balance
sheet. They should not be confused with reserve requirements, which govern the assets side of a bank’s
balance sheet—in particular, the proportion of its assets it must hold in cash or highly-liquid assets. Capital
is a source of funds not a use of funds.
The Paid-up Capital

GK-Lecture-01-06
37
The Paid-up Capital refers to the amount that has been received by the company through the issue of shares
to the shareholders. Simply, the money injected into the firm by the shareholders in exchange for the shares
purchased by them is called the paid-up capital.

Broad money: Broad money refers to sum of currencies outside banks and deposits held in banks.
Reserve money: Reserve money refers to sum of currencies issued and deposits held in central bank.
Bank Rate: Bank rate is charged against loans offered by central bank to commercial banks (5%).
Repo rate : Repo rate is charged for repurchasing the securities sold by the commercial banks to the central
bank.
✓ Repo rate is always lower than the repo bank rate (6%).
✓ No collateral is involved in bank rate.
✓ A repurchase agreement uses securities as collateral which are repurchased at a later date.
CRR vs SLR
CRR is a certain percentage of bank deposits which banks are required to keep with central bank in the term
of reserves—
✓ CRR is the amount of cash that the commercial banks have to keep in the form of reserves in the
current account maintained with central bank. (Cash Reserve Ratio) (5.5%.)
✓ SLR is the proportion of liquid assets to time and demand liabilities (statutlongliq--- Ratio) 13% —
traditional Bank, 5.5% — Islamic Bank.
✓ Time liabilities mean the amount of money which is made payable to the customer after a period of
time while demand liabilities mean the amount of money which is made payable to the customer of
time when it is demanded.
SLR vs SRR
SLR: The conventional banks are allowed to maintain the SLR in the form of assets in cash or gold or in the
form of un-encumbered approved securities.
SRR: As per section 24 of the bank company Act 1991, 20% of current year’s profit of the bank is required
to be transferred to statutory reserve until such reserve together with share premium account equals to its
paid up capital.
Advances to deposits ratio
The advances to deposits ratio measures loans (advances) as a percentage of deposits. A ratio of 100% or
less shows that the bank is funding all its loans from deposits rather than relying on wholesale funding
(funding from the capital markets or other banks). Also called LTD ratio (loans to deposits).
Capital Adequacy Ratio - CAR
The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is a measurement of a bank’s available capital expressed as a percentage of a bank’s
risk-weighted credit exposures. The capital adequacy ratio, also known as capital-to-risk weighted assets ratio
(CRAR), is used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of financial systems around the world.
Two types of capital are measured: tier-i capital, which can absorb losses without a bank being required to cease
trading, and tier-2 capital, which can absorb losses in the event of a winding-up and so provides a lesser degree of
protection to depositors.
Risk-Weighted Assets
Risk-weighted assets are used to determine the minimum amount of capital that must be held by banks and other
institutions to reduce the risk of insolvency. The capital requirement is based on a risk assessment for each type of
bank asset. For example, a loan that is secured by a letter of credit is considered to be riskier and requires more capital
than a mortgage loan that is secured with collateral.
Merger vs Acquisition
Basis For
MERGER ACQUISITION
Comparison
The merger means the fusion of two or When one entity purchases the business
Meaning
more than two companies voluntarily to of another entity, it is known as
form a new company. Acquisition.
Formation of a new
Yes No
company
The mutual decision of the companies Friendly or hostile decision of
Nature of Decision
going through mergers. acquiring and acquired companies.
GK-Lecture-01-06
38
 Minimum number of
3 2
companies involved
To decrease competition and
Purpose For Instantaneous growth
increase operational efficiency.
The size of the acquiring company will
Generally, the size of merging companies
Size of Business be more than the size of acquired
is more or less same.
company.
Legal Formalities More Less
Joint Venture (JV)
A joint venture (IV) is a business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the
purpose of accomplishing a specific task. This task can be a new project or any other business activity. In a joint
venture (IV), each of the participants is responsible for profits, losses, and costs associated with it. However, the
venture is its own entity, separate from the participants’ other business interests.
Amalgamation
An amalgamation is a combination of two or more companies into a new entity. Amalgamation is distinct from a
merger because neither company involved survives as a legal entity. Instead, a completely new entity is formed to
house the combined assets and liabilities of both companies.
Dividend is a distribution of a portion of a company’s earnings, decided by the board of directors. The purpose of
dividends is to return wealth back to the shareholders of a company. There are two main types of dividends: cash and
stock.
Cash Dividend
A cash dividend is a payment made by a company out of its earnings to investors in the form of cash (check or
electronic transfer). This transfers economic value from the company to the shareholders instead of the company using
the money for operations. However, this does cause the company’s share price to drop by roughly the same amount as
the dividend.
Stock Dividend
A stock dividend, on the other hand, is an increase in the amount of shares of a company with the new shares being
given to shareholders. Companies may decide to distribute this type of dividend to shareholders of record if the
company’s availability of liquid cash is in short supply.
Basic Micro and Macro Economics:
The micro economics is the study of an economic behavior of a particular individual, firm, or household, i.e. it studies
a particular unit. On the other hand, Macro economics is the study of the economy as a whole i.e., not a single unit
but the combination of all, firms, households, nation, etc.

Basis for
Micro Economics
Comparison
The branch of economics that studies the
behavior of an individual consumer, firm,
Meaning
family is known as Microeconomics.
Deals with Individual economic variables
Business
Applied to operational or internal issues
Application
Covers various issues like demand, supply,
Scope product pricing, factor pricing, production,
consumption, economic welfare, etc.
Helpful in determining the prices of a
product along with the prices of factors of
Importance
production (land, labor, capital,
entrepreneur etc.) within the economy.
It is based on unrealistic assumptions, i.e. In
microeconomics it is assumed that there is a
Limitations
full employment in the society which is not
at all possible.
Macro Economics
The branch of economics that studies the
behavior of the whole economy, (both
national and international) is known as
Macroeconomics.
Aggregate economic variables
Environment and external issues
Covers various issues like, national income,
general price level, distribution, employment,
money etc.
Maintains stability in the general price level
and resolves the major problems of the
economy like inflation, deflation, deflation,
unemployment and poverty as a whole.
It has been analyzed that ‘Fallacy of
Composition involves, which sometimes
doesn’t proves true because it is possible that
what is true for aggregate may not be true for
individuals too.

Fiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy

GK-Lecture-01-06
39
 Comparison Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy
F.P is the tool used by the govt. in which it M.P is the tool used by the central to
Definition uses its ten revenue and expenditure policies regulate the money supply in the
to influence the economy, economy.
Administered by Ministry of Finance Central bank
Related to Govt. revenue and expenditure Banks and credit control
The changes in M. P depends on
Nature F.P changes every year
economic status of the country.
Focuses on Economic growth Economic stability
Policy instrument Tax rates and govt. spending Interest role and credit ration.
GDP Vs GNP
Comparison GDP GNP
GDP is the value total market value of all goods
GNP is the total market value goods
and services that is produced within the
and services produced by the
Meaning geographical boundary of the nation by residents
residents of the country during a
and non residents of the country in a particular
particular period.
financial year.
Basis Location Citizenship
Productivity
Local scale International Scale
measurement
Focus on Domestic products Production by nationals
GDP + Net income inflow fro
Consumption + Investment + Govt. spending +
Formula abroad- Net income outflow to
Exports — Imports.
foreign countries.
GNI : Gross national Income (GNI) is the sum of countries GDP plus net income from abroad.
BOT vs BOP
Comparison Balance of Trade Balance of Payment
Meaning Balance of Trade is a statement that
Balance of Payment is a statement that keeps
captures the country’s export and
track of all economic transactions done by the
import of goods with the remaining
country with the remaining world.
world.
Transactions related to both goods and services
Records Transactions related to goods only.
are recorded.
Are not included in the Balance of
Capital Transfers Are included in Balance of Payment.
Trade.
It gives a partial view of the It gives a clear view of the economic position of
Which is better?
country’s economic status. the country.
It can be Favorable, Unfavorable or
Result Both the receipts and payment sides tallies.
balanced.
It is a component of Current Account
Component Current Account and Capital Account.
of Balance of Payment.
Direct tax vs Indirect tax
✓ Direct tax is referred to as the tax, levied on person’s income and wealth and is paid directly to the
government.
✓ Indirect tax is referred to as the tax service on a person who consumers the goods and services and is paid
indirectly to the govt.
✓ Direct tax — income tax, wealth tax properly tax, corporate tax.
✓ Indirect tax — VAT, service tax, Excise duty, custom duty.
Capital Market vs Money Market
Comparison Money Market Capital Market
A segment of the financial market where
A section of financial market where long
Meaning lending and borrowing of short term
term securities are issued and traded.
securities are done.
Nature of Market Informal Formal
Shares, Debentures, Bonds, Retained
Financial Treasury Bills, Commercial Papers,
Earnings, Asset Securitization, Euro
instruments Certificate of Deposit, Trade Credit etc.
Issues etc.

GK-Lecture-01-06
40
 Central bank, Commercial bank, non- Commercial banks, Stock exchange, non
Institutions financial institutions, bill brokers, banking institutions like insurance
acceptance houses, and so on. companies etc.
Risk Factor Low Comparatively High
Liquidity High Low
To fulfill short term credit needs of the To fulfill long term credit needs of the
Purpose
business. business.
Time Horizon Within a year More than a year
Increases liquidity of funds in the
Merit Mobilization of Savings in the economy.
economy.
Return on
Less Comparatively High
Investment
Development of Banking Issues
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable
— to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing corporate social responsibility, also called corporate
citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society including
economic, social, and environmental. To engage in CSR means that, in the normal course of business, a company is
operating in ways that enhance society and the environment, instead of contributing negatively to them.
Green banking
Green banking refers to the initiatives taken by banks to encourage environment-friendly investment. Green banking
as a concept is a proactive and smart way of thinking towards future sustainability. It is very important for the banks to
be pro-active and accelerate the rate of the growth of the economy. As there is a continuous change in the
environmental factors leading the banks face intense competition in the global market. Banks needs to apply morality
of sustainability and responsibility to their business model, strategy and formulation for products and services,
operations and financing activities and become stronger. By adopting the environmental factors in their lending
activities banks can recover the return from their investments and make the polluting industries become environment-
friendly.
Financial Inclusion
Financial inclusion is defined as access to the full range of financial services at an affordable rate for everyone, with
minimum risk through a competitive financial marketplace. Aims-
✓ To provide formal banking services to people belonging to the weaker section of the society in urban & rural
areas.
✓ To promote habit of saving money, making insurances and pension investment among poor people.
✓ To help poor people get loans at cheap rates from normal banks to prevent them from becoming victims in the
hands of local moneylender.
Agent Banking
Agent Banking refers to providing financial services to the underserved population through engaged agents who
conduct banking transactions on behalf of the bank. These agents or retailers who are usually the owners of outlets, are
increasingly becoming an important distribution channel in reaching to the unbanked segment of the society in
addition to the existing customer with a wide array of financial services especially to geographically dispersed
locations.
✓ Bridges the gap between the bank and the unbanked people
✓ Makes banking services accessible to rural people
✓ Offers cost-effective banking services
✓ Minimizes the operating and establishment costs for banks.
Mobile Banking
Mobile banking is the act of making financial transactions on a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.). This activity
can be as simple as a bank sending fraud or usage activity to a client’s cell phone or as complex as a client paying bills
or sending money abroad. Advantages to mobile banking include the ability to bank anywhere and at any time.
Disadvantages include security concerns and a limited range of capabilities when compared to banking in person or on
a computer.
School banking
Bangladesh Bank introduced a school banking policy in a bid to disseminate financial inclusion across the country and
encourage the students to develop a habit of saving money. To this end, the BB on the day issued a circular to
managing directors and chief executive officers of all the scheduled banks saying that students aged between 6 and 12
years would be able to open an account with a bank under the school banking policy.

GK-Lecture-01-06
41
The parents or the legal guardians of the students will operate the accounts that could be opened with an initial deposit
of Tk 100, the BB circular added. Both the student and his/her guardian will have to fill up the ‘uniform account
opening form’ to open the account. The school banking accounts will be converted into general savings accounts when
the students go past 18 and if they are willing.

Supplementary Discussion
Investment banks vs Merchant Bank
✓ Investment bank is a banking company that deals with established firms and fulfils their long term capital
requirement, by acting as an intermediary between the company and investors.
✓ A merchant bank refers to a banking company whose key area is international finance and so its work is related to
corporate investment, trade finance and real estate investment.
✓ While merchant banks engage in international financing activities, investment banks are concerned with
underwriting and issuance of securities.

On shore bank vs offshore bank

✓ Onshore banking is the banking activity which is undertaken within the territories of the nation.
✓ Offshore banking is one which is locate outside the country of residence of the depositors.
✓ In Onshore banking, the initial deposit is much lesser than the offshore banking account.
Only non-resident individual can open an account in the offshore banking.
Tax vs Duty
✓ Tax is a mandatory obligation payable to the govt.
✓ Duty is a fee charged by the govt. on manufacture and import-export of goods.
✓ Tax is levied on income, wealth, services etc.
✓ Duty is levied on goods and financial transactions.
Surplus Budget vs Deficit Budget
✓ A budget surplus is a period when income of the govt. exceed the expenditure.
✓ A budget deficit is a period when the expenses of the govt. has exceeded the income during that period.
✓ In general budget deficit is common while budget surplus occurs rarely.
✓ In the period of budget surplus, tax reduction may be granted but which is not available during budget deficit
period.
Expansionary monetary Bangladesh Bank Policy
The policy in which the money supply is increased along with minimization of interest rate is known as expansionary
monetary policy.
Concretionary monetary policy : The policy in which the money supply is decreased along with increased
of interest rate is known as contractionary monetary policy.
✓ An expansionary monetary policy might be used during a recession to encourage bank to extend credit to
customers and entrepreneurs.
✓ A contractionary monetary policy might be used to prevent or control inflation during a period of economic
growth.
Expansionary Fiscal policy: The policy in which the govt. minimizes taxes and increases public spending.
Economic growth contractionary fiscal policy: The policy in which the govt. increases takes and reduces
public expenditure.
✓ Commercial paper is used by banks to meet their short-term obligations.
✓ Commercial bills help companies to get money in advance.
Loan vs Borrow
✓ A loan is given under a condition that it should be repaid within a certain period of time.
✓ A person borrows money from his friends on his relatives sometime not under any condition.
SWIFT Code
Society for worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication code (SWIFT) is an internationally recognized
identification code for banks around the world. SWIFT codes are comprised of 8 to 11 alphanumeric characters. The
International Organization of standarlization (IOS) was the authoritative body that approved the creation of SWIFT
codes.
Ex: If you are trying to make transfer from one bank to another make sure you know the swift code to make it easier.
Loan vs Mortgage
✓ A simple loan is a loan that needs no collateral whereas mortgage is a loan where the borrower has to keep his
property in the name of the bank till he repays the loan amount in full.
GK-Lecture-01-06
42
✓ A simple loan is unsecured, carries high rate of interest and is for a shorter time period.
✓ A mortgage is secured, carries lower rate 9f interest and is given for a longer time period.
Pay order vs Demand Draft
✓ A pay order is a mode of payment that is to be cleared in the very specific branch of the bank that issued it.
✓ Demand Draft is a made of payment that gets closed in any branch of the issuing bank.
Online banking vs E-banking
✓ Online banking and e-banking are more ways to conduct banking transactions sitting in the comfort of one’s I own
house without going to the bank physically.
✓ E-banking is broader in spectrum than online banking in the sense that it encompasses the use of ATM cards for
withdrawal of money and making payments to merchants even without going online.
Check vs promissory Note
✓ While a checks is one time payment, a promissory note is a promise made to 3 pay back a loan; either in
installments or in one go at a later date.
✓ Check is drawn on a bank whereas promissory vote can be made by any individual in favour of another person.
Electricity Sector in Bangladesh
Electricity coverage 90% (2018)
Installed capacity 16193 MW
Share of private financing (2021) 56%
Share of private financing (2021) 46%
Responsibility for policy-setting Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources Bangladesh
Power Development Board : Energy Regulatory Commission Act.
Electricity sector law Energy Regulatory Commission Act.
Mega Project of Bangladesh
Rooppur Nuclear Power
Location Rooppur, Ishwardi, Pabna
Status Under construction
Construction began November 30, 2017
Construction Cost $12.65 billion
Owner Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
Operator Nuclear Power Plant Company Bangladesh_Limited
Financer Russia
Rampal Power Project
Official name Rampal Coal-fire Power Station
Location Sapmari, Ram pal Upazila of Bagerhat District
Primary fuel Coal
Owner National Thermal Power Corporation (India) and Bangladesh
Power Development Board (Bangladesh)
Nameplate capacity 1320 MW
Matarbari [1.2 00 MW] Coal Power Project
The Matarbari Power Plant is a proposed 1,200 megawatt coal- fired power station to be built in Maheshkhali Upazila
of Cox’s Bazar District in southeastern Bangladesh.
Dhaka Metrorail
known as Mass Rapid Transit
Metrorail Project Manager Company Name Dhaka Mass Transit Company
Government plans to implement Metrorail projects 5
Funding JICA
The first phase of Metrorail will be launched Uttara-Motijheel
A Metro Rail Name MRT Line 6
Time taken from Uttara to Motijheel by Metro Rail 35 minutes
In the first phase there will be 16 stations
Length of first phase railway 20.10 km
Start date June 2016
Trains will run in the first phase 24
Each train will have coaches 6
Diameter of each pillar of Metrorail Two meters
Pillar height 13 meters
Electricity consumption per hour in Metrorail 13.47 MW
Substations to be constructed for power supply 5
GK-Lecture-01-06
43
 The second phase of Metrorail will be 4.40 km
The second phase will be launched Bangladesh Bank from Hotel Sonargaon
The third phase of Metrorail will be 4.7 km
Third phase of Metrorail will be launched Pallavi to Uttara
Bangabandhu Tunnel
constructed in Chittagong
Tunnels are being constructed constructed on the Karnaphuli river.
Construction started February 24, 2019.
The tunnel is connecting From Port area of Patenga Naval Academy to Anwara in
Chittagong.
Length of tunnel 3.43 km.
The width of the tunnel 10 meters.
Another name of the tunnel Two towns – one city
Contracting company China Communication and Construction Company Ltd
Sponsoring country of Karnaphuli Tunnel China.
The Karnaphuli tunnel will be located in 150 feet deep.
the middle of the Karnaphuli river
Padma Multi-Purpose Bridge
Location Mawa-Jazira
Length 6.15 km.
Width 72 feet
Total Spans 41 (each 150 meters long)
Total pillars 42
Viaduct 3.18 km.
Viaduct pillars 81 (39 at Mawa end and 42 at Jazira end)
Height above water level 60 feet
Piling depth 383 feet
Main Materials Concrete and Steel
Design American multinational engineering firm
Bridge Constructed by China Major Bridge Engineering Company Limited
Construction started 26 November 2014
Inaugurated 12 December 2015; Sheikh Hasina
First Spawn Placement 30 September 2017
Last Span Placement 10 December 2020
Inaugurated 25 June 2022; Sheikh Hasina
Commencement of traffic 26 June 2022
GDP growth to rise 1.2%
Contractor Sinohydro Corporation Limited, China

Previous Year Questions

01. ‘Black Monday’ is related to — BB, AD (General- 18)
A) Stock Market B) Terrorism C) Environment D) Women’s Right Ans. A
02. The motion picture titled ‘Theory of Everything’ is base on the life of— BB, Officer -18
A) Albert Einstein B) Isaac Newton C) Stephen Hawking D) Steve Jobs Ans. C
03. Bangladesh Bank recently announced a new CRR to increase the flow of money by- in the money market.
BB, Officer (General-18)
A) 10000 crore B) 12000 crore C) 15000 crore D) 16000 crore Ans. A
04. The humidity of air measured in percentage is called- 3 Govt. Banks (Cash-18)
A) Absolute humidity B) Specific humidity ______
C) Relative humidity D) All of these Ans. C
05. Which one among the following is responsible for formation of Ozone Holes’ in the stratosphere?
3 Govt. Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) Chloro Fluoro Carbons B) Benzopyrene C) Hydrocarbons D) UV radiation Ans. A
06. A bank’s ‘fixed deposit’ is also referred to as a
A) Term Deposit B) Saving bank deposit
C) Current deposit D) Demand deposit Ans. A
GK-Lecture-01-06
44
07. The branch of science dealing with the study or collection of coins, banknotes, and medals is known as- 2
Govt. Banks & Fl. Officer (Cash-18)
A) Aphnology B) Numismatis C) Chrematistics D) Accountancy Ans. B
08. In absorption of insolation, the most significant part is played by — 8 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Senior OffIcer-18)
A) Ozone B) Oxygen C) Haze D) Carbon dioxide Ans. C
09. During periods of inflation, tax rates should 8 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-18)
A) Increase B) Decrease C) Remain constant D) Fluctuate Ans. A
10. Who is not a member of World Trade Organization? 8 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-18)
A) Bangladesh B) Morocco C) Mexico D) Russia Ans. None
11. Profits of a firm that are distributed or given out to its investors are called-
3 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-18)
A) Bonds B) Equity C) Dividends D) None Ans. C
12. Money market is a market for — 3 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Offlcer-18)
A) short-term fund B) long-term fund C) hedge fund D) risk free assets Ans. A
13. Fathometer is used to measure- 3 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-18)
A) Ocean depth B) Earthquakes C) Rainfall D) Sound intensity Ans. A
14. Of the various non-conventional energy sources that are being tapped, which has the largest potential? 3
Govt. Banks & F!, (Senior Officer-iS)
A) Water power B) Wind power C) Solar power D) Biomass power Ans. C
15. The chief constituent of gobar gas is- (3 Govt. Banks, Senior Officer- 18)
A) ethane B) methane C) hydrogen D) carbon dioxide Ans. B
16. Bangladesh Shilpa Bank and Shilpa Rin Sangstha have merged into- Govt Banks (Officer- 18)
A) BDBL B) DBBL C) DDBL D) BDBL Ans. A
17. Which one of the following is not a Central Bank? Sonali & Janata Bank Ltd., S.0.-18
A) Bangladesh Bank B) Bank of England
C) Federal Reserve System D) State Bank of India Ans. D
18. Which of the following country is the highest emitter of C02? Sonali & Janata Bank S.O.-18
A) Bangladesh B) India C) Pakistan D) China Ans. D
19. Which institution in a federal system of government is called ‘Balancing Wheel’ of the Constitution?
Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer- 18)
A) Executive B) Legislature C) Judiciary D) None Ans. C
20. According to the SIPRI fact sheet, the third most military spender country in 2017 was - Sonali Bank
Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) USA B) China C) Saudi Arabia D) Russia Ans. C
21. Brand name YKK is related to - Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) Zipper B) Cars C) Cell phone D) Motorcycle Ans. A
22. Scientific discovery is a kind of - Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) National property B) Personal property
C) Collective property D) International property Ans. D
23. The device used for measuring altitudes is — Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) altimeter B) ammeter C) audiometer D) galvanometer Ans. A
24. Where is the headquarters of Asian development Bank situated? Sonali Bank, Officer-18
A) Manila B) Delhi C) Bangkok D) Hong Kong Ans. A
25. Which one of the following glasses is used in bullet proof screens? Sonali Bank, Officer-18
A) Soda glass B) Pyrex glass C) Jena glass D) Reinforced glass Ans. D
26. The Finance Commission is appointed after every- Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)
A) 2 year B) 3 years C) 4 years D) 5 years Ans. D
27. Point of Sale (POS) machine is widely used by the- Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-18)

GK-Lecture-01-06
45
 A) Tellers B) Merchants C) Government D) Central Bank Ans. B
28. The first legislative response in Bangladesh for addressing the problem of defaulting on bank loans and
other financial obligations was made by creating Artha Rin Adalat in the year –
Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-18)
A) 1993 B) 1990 C) 2007 D) 2003 Ans. D
29. What is the name of the central bank of China? Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-iS)
A) Central Bank of China B) Reserve Bank of China
C) People’s Bank of China D) Bank of China Ans. C
30. As per World Bank criteria, Bangladesh graduated to the lower middle- income status in the year: Sonali
Bank Ltd., (OffIcer-18)
A) 2013 B)2014 C)2015 D)2016 Ans. C
31. The radiant energy of the Sun results from - PKB, (SEO-18)
A) Nuclear fusion B) Nuclear fission C) Cosmic radiation D) Combustion Ans. A
32. Fathometer is used to measure — PKB, (SEO-18)
A) Sound intensity B) Earthquakes C) Rainfall D) Ocean depth Ans. D

Practice Test
01. LIBOR stands for which of the following?
A) Liberal Inter Bank Offered Rate B) Liberal inter Bank Official Ratio
C) London Interbank Offer Rate D) London Inter Bank Official Ratio E) None of these
02. What is the reason behind Depreciation of an asset?
A) Theft B) Wear and Tea
C) Labour Trouble D) Fire in the Unit E) None of these
03. MBS stands for which of the following?
A. Money-Backed Security B. Mortgage-backed Security
C. Material-Backed Security D. Manual-Backed Security E. None of these
04. Who is the Principle Regulator of Bangladesh Capital Market?
A. BB B. BSEC C. M.O.C D. M.O.F E. None of these
05. What is used by the monetary authorities to control the inflation?
A. MCLR B. Reverse Repo Rate C. Repo Rate D. Base Rate E. None of these
06. Swiss Bank will share information automatically of financial account information with which of the
following countries from 2019?
A. Pakistan B. India C. Sri Lanka D. Both Band C E. Both A and B
07. SLR stands for which of the following?
A. Standard Liquidity Ratio B. Statutory Liquidity Ratio
C. Stable Liquidity Ratio D. Substitute Liquidity Ratio E. None of these
08. Increase in which of the following can increase the cost of borrowing and lending of the banks?
A. Base Rate B. Reverse Repo Rate C. MCLR D. Repo Rate E. None of these
09. FCNR stands for which of the following?
A. Foreign Currency Non-Repatriable B. Foreign Currency Net-Repatriable
C. Foreign Currency Natural Repatriable D. Freeze Currency Non-Repatriable E. None of these
10. What is the function of Mixed Banking?
A. It performs all kind of functions assignd to the bank
B. It undertakes the activities of commercial and investment banking together
C. It provides easy access to the complete financial portfolkio of clients
D. All of these E. None of these
GK-Lecture-01-06
46
11. Which of the following unit of money has the eual intrinsic and face value?
A. Flat Money B. Full Bodied Money
C. Paper Money D. Optional Money E. None of these
12. Which money has less production cost than its face value?
A. Paper Money B. Commodity Money
C. Flat Money D. Optional Money E. Token Money
13. Which of the following is known as the Weak Currency?
A. Hard Currency B. Soft Currency C. Hot money D. Cheap Money E. Paper Money
14. Which organization maintain Cash Reserve Ratio?
A. SBL B. JBL C. Govt. D. BD E. None of these
15. Which of the following accounts does not provide interest?
A. Savings Account B. Current Account
C. Fixed Deposit Account D. All of these
16. Invisible Export is related to which of the following?
A. Prohibited Goods B. Services C. Unrecorded Goods D. Goods Through Smuggling
17. Which of the following refers to the flow of funds from one country to another to earn a short-term
profit?
A. Hot Money B. Soft Currency C. Hard Currency D. Cheap Money E. None of these
18. What is a Bank Draft?
A. It is the cheque which a bank draws itself
B. It is letter from the bank
C. It is an instruction not to honor a stop payment
D. It is an instruction to banker to collect customer’s debt
E. None of these
19. Section 13 of Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 deals with which of the following?
A. Promissory Note B. Negotiable Instruments
C. Reserve Fund D. Cheque E. None of these
20. What is Fiat Money?
A) The money which is temporarily accepted by Govt. keeping Gold as deposit
B) The money which decreed by the Govt. as money
C) The money which is temporarily accepted by Govt. keeping Silver as deposit
D) The money which is accepted internationally
E) None of these
21. What is the present Repo Rate in Bangladesh?
A) 4% B) 4.25% C) 6.25% D) 6% E) None of these
22. What is the current Bank Rate of Bangladesh?
A) 6.5% B) 6.25% C) 7% D) 5.25% E) None of these
23. What is the function of Acid-test ratio?
A) It counts the amount of loan. B) It measures business liquidity.
C) It regulates the interest rates of Bank. D) None of these
24. Which of the following assets can easily be converted into cash?
A) Current Assets B) Intangible assets C) Fixed Asset D) All of these E) None of these
25. What is the Floating Rate?
A) Repo Rate B) Reverse Repo Rate
C) The Rate of Interest provided by the Bank to another Bank

GK-Lecture-01-06
47
 D) Rate of interest that changes with change in market rate E) None of these
26. Bank accepts interest free deposits in which of the following cases?
A) Savings Account B) Savings Account for Minors
C) Deposits of Minority Groups D) Current Account E) None of these
27. Which of the following denotes the ratio between cash in hand and total assets maintained by the bank?
A) SBR B) SLR C) CBR D) CLR E) None of these

Answer Key of Practice Test

01. C 02. A 03. B 04. B 05. C 06. E 07. 8 08. D 09. A 10. B
11. B 12. E 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. 8 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B
21. D 22. E 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B

Lecture - 04
Teacher’s Content
 Regional Economic Organizations
 International Economic Organizations
 Financial Organizations
Content Discussion
Regional Economic Integration & Banking Instruments
SAARC, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, GCC, OECD, NAFTA, LAFTA, CIRDAP, ACU
International Economic Organizations
G-7, G-20, G-77, D-8, OPEC, APEC
Financial Organizations
World Bank, IMF, WTO, ADB, IDB, AIIB, NDB, ECB, EBRD, IADB
Banking Instruments & Operation
 MICR Code  Credit Card vs Debit Card
 National Payment Switch Bangladesh (NPSB)
 Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH)
 Visa vs Master Card  RTGS vs EFT  Western Union etc.

Regional Economic Organizations

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established with the signing of the SAARC
Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. SAARC comprises of eight Member states: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Afghanistan Became a member (eighth) on April 3, 2007. The Secretariat of
the Association was set up in Kathmandu on 17 January 1987.
Establishment 8 December 1985
Headquarter Kathmandu, Nepal
Membership 8 members and 9 observers
Secretary General Esala Ruwan Weerakoon (Sri Lankan), 14th
GK-Lecture-01-06
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SAPTA: The Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was signed on April 11, 1993, and
entered into force on December 7, 1995, with the desire of the Member States of SAARC to promote and sustain
mutual trade and economic cooperation within the SAARC region through the exchange of concessions.
SAFTA: SAARC countries have signed the framework agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) in
January 6, 2004 and SAFTA will come into effect at the start in January 1, 2006. In 2011, Afghanistan joined SAFTA.
✓ The main objective of SAFTA is to promote fair competition in trade in SAARC countries to ensure their
equitable benefits for economic development.
✓ The major functions of SAFTA are as follows: To establish a free trade area in South Asia through the elimination
of tariffs.
SAARC Regional Centers
Regional Centre Location Country
SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC) Dhaka Bangladesh
SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC) Dhaka Bangladesh
SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC) Thimphu Bhutan
SAARC Development Fund (SDF) Thimphu Bhutan
SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) New Delhi India
SAARC Cosstal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC) Male Maldives
SAARC Information Centre (SIC) Kathmandu Nepal
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre (STAC) Kathmandu Nepal
SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC) Islamabad Pakistan
SAARC Energy Centre (SEC) Islamabad Pakistan
SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC) Colombo Sril Lanka
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Establishment 8 August, 1967
Headquarter Jakarta, Indonesia
Membership 10 states (2 oservers: Papua New Guinea, East Tumor or Timor Leste)
Founder countries Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines and Thailand
Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,
Members
Lao PDR, Myanmar & Vietnam
Motto One Vision, One Identity, One Community
Secretary General Lim Jock Hoi (14th)
ASEAN Plus Three (APT): APT is a forum that functions as a coordinator of cooperation between Association of
Southeast ASEAN Nations and the three East Asian nations of China, Japan and South Korea. The first leaders
meeting was held in 1997 and the group’s significance and importance was strengthened by the Asian Financial Crisis.
The grouping was institutionalized by 1999.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Establishment 6 June 1997
Headquarter Dhaka, Bangladesh
Membership 7 Countries (The member states- Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan).
Chairmanship Sri Lanka (since September 2018)
5th Summits Colombo, Sri Lanka, 30 March 2022

Centre on Integrited Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP)
Establishment July 6, 1979
Type intergovernmental organization
Member states 15
Member Organization FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
Headquarter Chameli House, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Director-general Cherdsak Virapat, Thailand

BENELUX
Establishment 6 June 1997
Headquarter Bruxelles, Belgium
Member states Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Official languages Dutch, French

GK-Lecture-01-06
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 North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA)
Establishment January 1, 1994
Type Free Trade Area
Member states 3 (Canada, Mexico, United States)
Official languages English, Spenish, French

Asian Clearing Union (ACU)

Establishment 1974
Type intergovernmental organization
Member Countries 9; Bangladesh, Bhutan, Iran, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and
Myanmar
Headquarter Tehran, Iran
Chairman Mr. Chiranjibi, Nepal
Secretary-General Mrs. Lida Borhan-Azad

International Economic Union

Group of Seven (G7)
The Group of Seven (G7) is an informal grouping of seven of the words’ advanced economies consisting of Canada,
France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and Italy. The European Union is a non-enumerated
member of the G7 but neither chairs nor hosts Summits. The 48th G7 summit was held on Jun 26, 2022 Bavarian
Alpus, Germany. The 49th G7 summit will be held on May 19-21, 2023 Hiroshima, japan.
Group of Seven
Known as Alliance of 7 industrialized nations of the world
Established 22 September, 1985
Membership 7 Countries; Canada, France, USA, UK, Germany, Japan and Italy
Previous Member Russia
Russia Participate on 1997 and Membership gain on 26 June, 2002;
Suspensioned on 24 March, 2014
Chairman Olaf Scholz, Germany (always host country)
Summit 48th summit held on Jun 26, 2022 Bavarian Alpus, Germany.
49th summit will be held on May 19-21, 2023 Hiroshima, japan
G-20 : A leading Global Forum
Establishment 26 September 1999
Member Countries 19 countries and the European Union
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia,
Members Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
Türkiye, the United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union.
Chairman Sergio Mattarella (2021)
Summits Bali, Indonesia(17th) 2022, Rome, Italy (16th) 2020
Group of 77 (G-77)
Established 15 June 1964
Membership 134
Headquarter New York, USA.
D-8 (Developing-8)
D-8, also known as Developing-8, is an organization for development cooperation among the following countries:
Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey. The establishment of D-8 was announced
officially through the Istanbul Declaration of Summit of Heads of State/Government on June 15, 1997. The objectives
of D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation are to improve member states’ position in the global economy,
diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at international
level, and improve standards of living.
D-8 is a global arrangement rather than a regional one, as the composition of its members reflects. Organization for
Economic Cooperation (D-8) is a forum with no adverse impact on bilateral and multi-lateral commitments of the
member countries, emanating from their membership to other international or regional organizations.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
GK-Lecture-01-06
50
 Establishment 1989
Headquarter Singapore
Membership 21 members
Chairperson Prayut Chan-o-cha (2022)
Executive Director Tan Sri Datuk Rebecca Fatima Santa Maria, Malyesia
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Established 1960
Headquarter Vierna, Austria
Merber Countries 13 States; Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates & Venezuela.
Last Member Congo (2018)
Secretary General Haitham Al Ghais, Kuwait (29th)
Lapsed Member Indonesia (2016), Qatar (2019), Ecuador (2020)
Financial Organization
World Bank
Established July 1944
Headquarter Washington, D.C. USA
Main Body IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID
Member Countries 189 Members
Bangladesh joined 17 August 1972
Last Member Nauru (6 April 2016) 189th
Motto Working for a World Free of Poverty
Chief Economist Penny Goldber (Taking office: November 2018)
President David Malpas, USA
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
✓ The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is the oldest World Bank Institution, it
was established in 1945.
✓ It lends money to the developing and underdeveloped countries at a very low interest rate.
✓ Area of focus for providing loans- agriculture, irrigation, urban development, healthcare, family welfare, dairy
development, etc.
International Development Agency (IDA)
✓ It is also known as soft window of the World Bank, it was established in 1960.
✓ Its basic aim is to give infrastructural support to the member countries.
✓ It provides long-term interest free loans for the development of economic services.
✓ Its loans are known as Credits.
✓ The term World Bank generally refers to just the IBRD and IDA, whereas the term World Bank Group is used
to refer to all five institutions.
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
✓ It is also known as the Private arm of the World Bank, it was established in 1956.
✓ It lends money to private sector companies of its member nations with commercial interest (but comparatively
low).
✓ It finances and provides advice for private-public projects in partnership with private investors.
✓ It invests only when it can make a special contribution that complements the role of market investors as a
foreign financial investor (FFI).
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
✓ It was established in 1988.
✓ It encourages foreign investment in developing countries by offering insurance to foreign private investors
against loss caused by non-commercial political risks.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
✓ It was established in 1966.
✓ It is an investment dispute settlement body whose decisions are binding on the parties.
✓ It was set up under the 1966 ‘Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and
National of other States.
✓ It settles the investment disputes between the foreign companies and the host countries where the investment
have been done.
Objectives and Functions of World Bank
GK-Lecture-01-06
51
 ✓ To help in reconstruction and development of member countries.
✓ Spread peace all over the world regarding financial terms.
✓ Helps to the economies of those countries destroyed by wars.
✓ Helps to developing and less developed countries by crediting the finance.
✓ To promote private foreign investments.
✓ To promote long term balanced growth of international trade.
✓ Investment of money in productive purposes only.
✓ Maintenance of equilibrium in balance of payments of member countries and also to increase the standard of
living as well as labor conditions of developing and less developed countries.
✓ World Bank provides various technical services to member countries. “The Economic Development Institute”
and a “Staff College” has established by world bank in Washington.
✓ World Bank can grant loans to a member country up to 20% of that country;s share in the paid up capital.
✓ The interest rate, quantities of loans and all any other terms and conditions are determined by world bank
itself.
✓ The borrower nation has to repay either in reserve currencies or in the currency in which the loan was
sanctioned.
Membership
✓ Any country can become the member of world bank if 75% of the existing member countries approved
the application.
✓ Any member nation can also resign from its membership voluntarily or if any country violates the rules of
the world bank.

Lending Procedures
✓ Loans out of its own funds
✓ Loans out of borrowed capital
✓ Loans through Banks Guarantee
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries, working to foster global monetary
cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable
economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
Established 27 December 1945
Headquarter Washington, D.C. USA
Membership 190 countries, Last Member- Andorra
Bangladesh joined 17 August 1972
Official Language English
Chief Economist Gita Gopinath (Taking office: 1 january 2019)
Parent Organization United Nations
Managing Director (MD) Christine Lagarde (France)

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

The Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) as an international reserve asset or reserve money in the international monetary
system was established in 1969 with the objective of alleviating the problem of international liquidity. The IMF has
two accounts of operation- the General Account and the Special Drawing Account. The IMF employs three main
functions — surveillance, financial assistance, and technical assistance- to promote the stability of the international
monetary and financial system.

World Bank and international Monetary Fund

Feature World Bank International Monetary Fund
Founded July 1944 December 1945
Headed by President Managing Director
First President/MD Eugene Meyer Camille Gutt
Headquarters Washington D.C. Washington D.C.
There are five major institutions-IBRD, A single organization with four credit
Constituents
IDA, IFC, MIGA & ICSID. lines.
A global organization established to fund
International Monetary Fund, It is an
and advises the developing countries, the
Meaning international organization that
World Bank has to develop them
maintains the global monetary system.
economically.

GK-Lecture-01-06
52
 To promote economic and social progress To oversee a monetary system that will
in developing countries by helping to raise encourage trade, create jobs, expand
Central purpose
productivity so that their people may live a economic activity, and raise living
better and fuller life standards throughout the world.
Reports published World Development Report World Economic Outlook
A pool of resources to which each
Borrowing through issue of bonds, grants member nation contributes a certain
Source of funding
from donor nations. amount of money proportionate to its
economic size and strength.
IBRD- Developing nations- Slightly higher All nations rich or poor to rectify the
interest rate than borrowing rate and problem of balance of payments.
repaying time of 12 to 15 years. Interest rates are slightly below market
Recipients of funding
IDA- very poor developing nations, rates and amount must normally be
interest free with a repaying time of 35 to repaid within three to five years and no
40 years. case later than ten years.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Established 19 December 1966
Headquarter Manila, Philippines
Membership 68 countries (Bangladesh 1973)
Last Member Nue (2019)
Motto Fighting Poverty in Asia the Pacific
Purpose Social and Economic Development
Chief Economist Yasuyuki Sawada
President Takehiko Nakao (9th)
Functions of Asian Development Bank (ADB)
i. To make loans and equity investments for economic and social development of its developing members
countries.
ii. To provide for technical assistance for the preparation and implementation of development projects and
advisory services.
iii. To respond to the request for assistance in coordinating developmental policies and plans in developing
member countries.
iv. This bank constituted Asian Development Fund in 1974, which provides loans to Asian countries on
concessional interest rates.

African Development Bank (AfDB)

Established 10 September 1964
Headquarter Abidjan, Cote D’lvoire
Membership 80 countries
President Akinwumi Adesina (8th)
Established officially 964 as a result of Monrovian Conference of 1961, under the auspi

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

Headquarters Beijing, China
January 16, 2016 (Open for business), the initiative was launched at a
Established
ceremony in Beijing in October 2014.
Membership 103 member states {Founding Member- 57; 37 regional and 20 non-regional}
Bahrain 24 August 2018 (Regional), Belarus 17 January 2019 (Non-
Last Member
Regional) Bangladesh Membership Date: Mar 22, 2016
Official language English
President jin Liqun (1st)
New Development Bank (NDB)
Shanghai, China (The first regional officer of the NDB is in Johannesburg,
Headquarters
South Africa
Membership 5 Members
Established July 15, 2014, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil (Started operation in 2016)
Official language English
First President K.V. Kamath, India
GK-Lecture-01-06
53
 Present President Marcos Prado Troyjo, Brazil
List of Countries Central Banks
Country Central Bank
Afghanistan Bank of Afghanistan
Albania Bank of Albania
Algeria Bank of Algeria
Argentina Central Bank of Argentina
Anguilla Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Antigua And Barbuda Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Armenia Central Bank of Armenia
Australia Reserve Bank of Australia
Austria European Central Bank
Azerbaijan Central Bank of The Rep. of Azerbaijan
Bahamas Central Bank of The Bahamas
Bahrain Central Bank of Bahrain
Bangladesh Bangladesh Bank
Barbados Central Bank of Barbados
Belarus National Bank of The Rep. of Belarus
Belgium European Central Bank
Belize Central Bank of Belize
Benin Central Bank of West African States
Bermuda Bermuda Monetary Authority
Bhutan Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
Bolivia Central Bank of Bolivia
Bosnia & Herzegovina Central Bank of Bosnia & Herzegovina
Botswana Bank of Botswana
Brazil Central Bank of Brazil
Bulgaria Bulgarian National Bank
Burkina Faso Central Bank of West African States
Burundi Bank of The Rep. of Burundi
Cambodia National Bank of Cambodia
Cameroon Bank of Central African States
Canada Bank of Canada
Cape Verde Bank of Cape Verde
Cen. African Republic Bank of Central African States
Chad Bank of Central African States
Chile Central Bank of Chile
China People’s Bank of China
Colombia Central Bank of Colombia
Commonwealth of Dominica Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Congo Bank of Central African States
Congo Dem. Rep. Central Bank of Congo
Costa Rica Central Bank of Costa Rica
Croatia Croatian National Bank
Cuba Central Bank of Cuba
Cyprus European Central Bank
Czech Republic Czech National Bank
Denmark National Bank of Denmark
Dominican Republic Central Bank of The Dominican Rep.
Ecuador Central Bank of Ecuador
Egypt Central Bank of Egypt
El Salvador Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea Bank of Central African States
Estonia European Central Bank
Ethiopia National Bank of Ethiopia
Fiji Reserve Bank of Fiji
Finland European Central Bank

GK-Lecture-01-06
54
 France European Central Bank
Gabon Bank of Central African States
Gambia Central Bank of The Gambia
Georgia National Bank of Georgia
Germany European Central Bank
Ghana Bank of Ghana Henry
Greece European Central Bank
Grenada Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Guatemala Bank of Guatemala
Guinea Central Bank of The Rep. of Guinea
Guinea-Bisseau Central Bank of West African States
Guyana Bank of Guyana
Haiti Bank of The Republic of Haiti
Honduras Central Bank of Honduras —
Hong Kong Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Hungary Central Bank of Hungary
Iceland Central Bank of Iceland
India Reserve Bank of India
Indonesia Bank Indonesia
Iran Central Bank of lslamic Rep. of Iran
Iraq Central Bank of Iraq
Ireland European Central Bank
Israel Bank of Israel
Italy European Central Bank
Ivory Coast Central Bank of West African States
Jamaica Bank of Jamaica
Japan Bank of Japan
Jordan Central Bank of Jordan
Kazakhstan National Bank of Kazakhstan
Kenya Central Bank of Kenya
Korea, Republic Of Bank of Korea
Kosovo Central Bank of The Republic of Kosovo
Kuwait Central Bank of Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan National Bank of The Kyrgyz RepI. Abdygulo
Latvia Bank of Latvia
Laos (Lao People’s Dem. Rep.) Bank of The Lao
Lebanon Central Bank of Lebanon
Lesotho Central Bank of Lesotho
Liberia Central Bank of Liberia
Libya Central Bank of Libya
Lithuania Bank of Lithuania
Luxembourg European Central Bank
Macao Monetary Authority of Macao
Macedonia National Bank of The Rep. of Macedonia
Madagascar Central Bank of Madagascar
Malawi Reserve Bank of Malawi
Malaysia Bank Negara Malaysia
Maldives Maldives Monetary Authority
Mali Central Bank of West African States
Malta European Central Bank
Mauritania Central Bank of Mauritania
Mauritius Central Bank of Mauritius
Mexico Bank of Mexico
Moldova National Bank of Moldova
Mongolia Bank of Mongolia
Montenegro Central Bank of Montenegro
Morocco Bank of Morocco
Mozambique Bank of Mozambique
Myanmar Central Bank of Myanmar
GK-Lecture-01-06
55
 Namibia Bank of Namibia
Nepal Nepal Rastra Bank
Netherlands European Central Bank
New Zealand Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Nicaragua Central Bank of Nicaragua
Niger Central Bank of West African States
Nigeria Central Bank of Nigeria
Norway Norges Bank
Oman Central Bank of Oman
Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan
Palestine Palestine Monetary Authority
Papua New Guinea Bank of Papua New Guinea
Paraguay Central Bank of Paraguay
Peru Central Reserve Bank of Peru
Philippines Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas
Poland National Bank of Poland
Portugal European Central Bank
Qatar Qatar Central Bank
Romania National Bank of Romania
Russia Bank of Russia
Rwanda National Bank of Rwanda
San Marino Central Bank of The Republic of San Marino
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority
Senegal Central Bank of West African States
Serbia National Bank of Serbia
Seychelles Central Bank of Seychelles
Sierra Leone Bank of Sierra Leone
Singapore Monetary Authority of Singapore
Slovakia European Central Bank
Slovenia European Central Bank
Solomon Islands Central Bank of Solomon Islands
Somalia Central Bank of Somalia
South Africa South African Reserve Bank
Sri Lanka Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Switzerland Swiss National Bank
Syrian Arab Republic Central Bank of Syria
Tanzania Bank of Tanzania
Taiwan Central Bank of the Rep. of China
Tajikistan National Bank of Tajikistan
Thailand Bank of Thailand
Trinidad & Tobago Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia Central Bank of Tunisia
Turkey Central Bank of Republic of Turkey
Turkmenistan Central Bank of Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates Central Bank of United Arab Emirates
Uganda Bank of Uganda
Ukraine National Bank of Ukraine
United Kingdom Bank of England
Uruguay Central Bank of Uruguay
United States of America Federal Reserve System
Uzbekistan Central Bank of the Rep. of Uzbekistan
Vanuatu Reserve Bank of Vanuatu
Venezuela Central Bank of Venezuela
Vietnam State Bank of Vietnam
Yemen Central Bank of Yemen
Zambia Bank of Zambia
Zimbabwe Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
Banking Instruments and Operation
GK-Lecture-01-06
56
 Conventional Payment system related issues and their security measures
MICR Code
Magnetic Ink character Recognition (MICR) which is a technology used in the banking industry in printing the MRCR
Codes. A MICR code is a 9 digit code that uniquely identifies a bank and a branch participating in an Electronic
clearing system (ECS). The first 3 code represents the city code, the middle 3 digits represent the bank code and last 3
digits represent the branch code.
✓ SWIFT basically defines the identity of an institution and in most of the cases it deals with the banking
institutions.
✓ MICR code has been designed to speed up the process of checks clearance.
National Payment Switch Bangladesh (NPSB)
National Payment Switch Bangladesh (NPSB) is an electronic platform, started its operation on 27 December 2012
with a view to attain interoperability among schedule banks for card based/online retail transactions. At present, NPSB
is processing interbank Automated Teller Machines (ATM), Point of Sales (POS), Internet Banking Fund Transfer
(IBFT) transactions.
Automated Teller Machines (ATM)
An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic banking outlet that allows customers to complete basic
transactions without the aid of a branch representative or teller. Anyone with a credit card or debit card can access
most ATMs. The first ATM appeared in London in 1967, and in less than 50 years, ATMs spread around the globe,
securing a presence in every major country and even tiny little island nations such as Kiribati and the Federated States
of Micronesia. ATMs are convenient, allowing consumers to perform quick, self-serve transactions from everyday
banking like deposits and withdrawals to more complex transactions like bill payments and transfers.
Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH)
Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH): BACH, the first ever electronic clearing house of Bangladesh, has
two components - the Automated Cheque Processing System (ACPS) and the Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). Both
the systems operate in batch processing mode- transactions received from the banks during the day are processed at a
pre-fixed time and settled through a single multilateral netting figure on each individual bank’s respective books
maintained with the Bangladesh Bank.

RTGS vs EFT
Comparison RTGS EFT
Transactions are processed and settled in Transactions are processed and
Definition real time and on gross level settled in batches, typically at the
end of the day.
Money Transfer System Swifter Comparatively slow
Transactions Focus on high value transactions Usually any transaction
Participating banks pay only the net Each transaction is generally
Inter-bank Payment
difference of debit and credit settled individually
Minimum is fixed at a certain amount No No minimum or maximum
Amount
maximum limit stipulation of amount.
Digital Payment system related issues and their security measures
Credit Card vs Debit Card
Comparison Credit Card Debit Card
Credit card is issued by a bank or any financial Debit card is issued by a bank to allow its
institution to allow the holder of the card to customers to purchase goods and services,
Meaning purchase goods and services on credit. The whose payment is made directly through the
payment is made by the bank on the customer’s customer’s account linked to the card.
behalf.
Implies Pay later Pay now
The bank account is not prerequisite for issuing The bank account is a must for issuing a
Bank Account
a credit card. debit card.
The maximum limit of withdrawing money is The maximum limit of withdrawing money
Limit determined according to the credit rating of the will be less than the money lying in the
holder. saving bank account.
Bill The holder of the card has to pay the credit card There is no such bill, the amount is directly
GK-Lecture-01-06
57
 bill within 30 days of every month. deducted from the customer’s account.
Interest is charged when payment is not made
Interest No interest is charged.
to the bank within a specified time period.
VISA vs MASTER CARD
Comparison Visa Master Card
Visa Inc. is a financial service company MasterCard Corporation is a technology
Meaning which facilitates electronic transfer of company in the international payment
funds worldwide, industry, which processes payments.
Level of benefit Two Three
Market Capitalization 192.34 Billion 106.92 Billion
Revenue 14.39 Billion 10.19 Billion
Net Income 5.56 Billion 3.86 Billion
BIT COIN
✓ Bit coin is a virtual currency, cryptocurrency and a payment system.
✓ It can be defined as decentralized means of tracking and assigning wealth or economy, it is a software protocol.
✓ Bit coin uses two cryptographic keys, one public (username) and one private (password) are generated.
Electronic Commerce (e-commerce)
Electronic commerce or e-commerce is a business model that lets firms and individuals conduct business over
electronic networks, most notably: the Internet. Electronic commerce operates in all four of the following major
market segments:
✓ Business to business
✓ Business to consumer
✓ Consumer to consumer
✓ Consumer to business
In 2009 Bangladesh Bank approved online payment and in 2013 the bank approved the use of Debit and Credit card
for online payment. The ecommerce Association of Bangladesh is the trade body for ecommerce in Bangladesh.
Western Union
Western Union Financial Services Inc. U.S.A. is a reliable money transfer company. Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited has
set up a Representation Agreement with Western Union Financial Services Inc. U.S.A. as on 14th February 2006.
Millions of people have confidence on Western Union for sending money to their friends and family. Through
Western Union Money Transfer Service, Bangladeshi Wage Earners can send and receive money quickly from over
225,000 Western Union Agent Locations in over 197 countries and territories worldwide, only by visiting any
branches of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited in Bangladesh.
RIA
Ria Money Transfer is a subsidiary of Euronet Worldwide, Inc. which specializes in money remittances. Ria initiates
transfers through a network of agents and company-owned stores located throughout North America, Latin America,
Europe, Asia-Pacific, Africa and online.
Prabhu Money Transfer P. Ltd (Prabhu)
Prabhu Money Transfer P. Ltd (Prabhu) is a leading remittance company registered in Nepal and having many
international branches/agents in different parts of the Asia and North America. Prabhu is a very popular and reputed
money transfer organization among the Nepalese in Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, USA and other
countries. Prabhu is reputable and well-known brand name (synonym) of remittance for Nepal among Nepalese
Labors and residents in Foreign Countries.

Previous Year Questions

01. G-15 is an economic grouping of- Combined 8 Banks (S.O-19)
A) 1 World Nations B) 2nd World Nations C) 3rd World Nations D) 4th World Nations Ans. C
02. Each year World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day is celebrated on – Com. 8 Banks (S.O-19)
A) June 8 B) June 18 C) May 18 D) May 8 Ans. D
03. The headquarter of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries are at –
Combined 8 Banks (S.O-19)
A) Algiers B) Vienna C) Lagos D) Kuwait Ans. B
04. ASEAN is headquartered at — Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash.19)
A) Jakarta B) Male C) Katmandu D) Kuala Lumpur Ans. A
05. Money market is a market for — Sonali Bank Ltd., Senior Officer (FF49)
A) short term fund B) long term fund C) hedge fund D) risk free assets Ans. A
06. The branch of science that studies cells is called Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
GK-Lecture-01-06
58
 A) cytology B) entomology C) homoplastic D) hormonology Ans. A
07. The scientist who first discovered that the earth revolves round the sun was-
Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
A) Newton B) Dalton C) Copernicus D) Einstein Ans. C
08. The standard sea level in millibars is —
A) 1013 mb B) 1060 mb C) 960mb D) 990 mb Ans. A
09. The absorption of isolation, the most significant part is - Sonali Bank, Senior Officer (FF-19)
A) Carbon di-Oxide B) Oxygen C) haze D) Ozone Ans. A
10. The fraction of solar energy reflected from Earth into space is known as – Com. banks (Off. 19)
A) insulation B) albedo C) irradiation D) heat loss Ans. B
11. Which of the following metals is known to pollute the air of big cities with a large number of vehicles?
Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
A) Mercury B) Iron C) Lead D) Copper Ans. C
12. Which from the following can cause a tsunami? Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/IC1’-19)
A) Volcano B) Avalanche C) Tornado D) Earthquakes Ans. D
13. The value of gold is determined in — Sonali Bank Ltd., Senior Officer (FF-19)
A) Rome B) Washington C) Russia D) London Ans. D
14. World’s biggest solar power plant is situated in? Sonali Bank Ltd., Senior Officer (FF-19)
A) China B) UAE C) Saudi Arabia D) None Ans. A
15. The ozone layer restricts — Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) Ultraviolet radiation B) Infrared radiation C) Visible light D) Gamma Rays Ans. A
16. Wright brothers are regarded inventors of the - Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) I-lot Air Balloon B) Aero plane C) Bicycle D) None Ans. B
17. The energy of food is measured in - Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) Kelvin B) Bushel C) Calories D) None Ans. C
18. Fathometer is used to measure — Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) Rainfall B) Sound intensity C) Ocean depth D) Earthquakes Ans. C
19. Hygrometer is used to measure — Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) relative humidity B) purity of milk C) specific gravity D) none of these Ans. A
20. For galvanizing iron which of the following metal is used? Combined 8 Banks (S.O-19)
A) Lead B) Zinc C) Aluminum D) Copper Ans. B
21. Study of life in outer space is known as — Combined 8 Banks (S.O-19)
A) Neobiology B) Enterbiology C) Endbiology D) Exobiology Ans. D
22. Which of the following organization of World Bank is known as ‘soft loan window’?
BB, AD (General-18)
A) IBRD B) IDA C) IFC D) MIG Ans. B
23. Which of the following is the name of the bank established by BRICS? BB, AD (General-18)
A) BRICS Development Bank B) Developing Bank
C) New Development Bank D) Newly Developed Bank Ans. C
24. Which of the following is the regulator of Capital market in Bangladesh? BB,AD (General-18)
A) BSEC B) DSE C) Bangladesh Bank D) ICB Ans. A
25. Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) is related to — BB, AD (General-18)
A) IMF B) 1DB C) ADB D) HSBC Ans. A
26. Which country does not belong to G-7? BB, AD (General-18)
A) Russia B) Japan C) Germanyu D) Italy Ans. A

Practice Test
01. Which of the following visions constitute ASEAN 2015?
A. Asean Political-Security Community Blueprint 2025
B. Asean Economic Community Blueprint 2025
C. Asean Socio-Cultural Community D. Above the All
02. What is the full form of ASEAN?
A. Association of South East Asia Nations. B. Administration of Southern East Asian Nations.
C. Organization of South East Asian Nations. D. Administration of South East Asian Nations.
03. How many members are in the ASEAN?
A.18 B.67 C.10 D.53
04. Which of the following country is not the member of the ASEAN?
A. Laos B. Cambodia C. Philippines D. Mauritius
05. When was ASEAN established?
GK-Lecture-01-06
59
 A. 1963 B. 1967 C. 1985 D. 1996
06. Which of the following is a member of ASEAN?
A. Bhutan B. Nepal C. Thailand D. Maldives E. None of these
07. Which of the following country is not the member of the ASEAN?
A. Thailand B. Indonesia C. Malaysia D. Bangladesh
08. Which of the following countries are the member of ASEAN?
A. Singapore B. Vietnam C. Thailand D. 1, 2, and 3
09. Where was first ASEAN summit held?
A. Manila B. Singapore C. Bali D. Jakarta
10. Where is the headquarters/ Secretariat of ASEAN?
A. Bali B. Jakarta C. Manila D. Singapore
11. What is the objective of the ASEAN?
A. To increase competition among the members countries for better products.
B. To integrate the economics of the region to make region more attractive for investors.
C. To promote economic cooperation in South East Asia and ensure economic stability in the region.
D. b and c both
12. First summit of South Asian Association for Regional was held in or the first SARC summit was held in
a. Beijing b. Karachi c. Dhaka d. Delhi
13. Currently how many members are in the SAARC organization?
a.6 b.7 c.8 d.10
14. The 8th member country of SAARC is Sonali Bank Ltd.
a. Afghanistan b. Japan c. China d. Iraq
15. Headquarter of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is located in.
a. China b. Yugoslavia c. Bangladesh d. Nepal
16. Which country is not a member of South Asian Association for regional Cooperation?
a. Pakistan b. Myanmar c. Maldives d. Sri Lanka
17. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is an organization of
a. Five countries b. Eight countries c. Seven countries d. Four countries
18. A part from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh who are the other member countries of SAARC?
a. Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand and Singapore. b. Nepal, Bhutan, Malaysia and Maldives.
c. Nepal, Bhutan, Singapore and Sri Lanka. d. Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan.
19. SAARC was formed in Dhaka on —
a. November 7, 1984 b. October 3, 1985 c. September 5, 1984 d. December 8, 1985
20. When was SAARC established?
a. 1986 Islamabad b. 1993 Delhi c. 1984 Katmandu d. 1985 Dhaka
21. Which of the following is not the main purpose for formation of SAARC.
a. To Combat Terrorism b. To Promote the Welfare of the people of South Asia.
c. To form mutual defense against foreign aggression
d. To accelerate economic growth and natural development.
22. Which of following countries got observer status in SAARC
a. Korea and China b. Russian and China c. Japan and China d. Thailand and Indonesia
23. In acronym SAARC, “C’, stands for_
a. committee b. Commonwealth c. Conference d. Cooperation
24. Which of the following statements regarding SAARC countries is correct?
a. All the countries with which India has borders are members of SAARC, Sri Lanka and the
Maldives being Islands.
b. Except Sri Lenin and Maldives, no other SAARC country has island as a part of its territory
c. No SAARC country other than India has a common border with another member country,
Sri Lanka and the Maldives being island
d. Except Sri Lanka and the Maldives, all the SAARC countries have common border with China.
25. Name the first Secretary-General of SAARC
a. Nazim Karim b. Abu-al-Ahsan c. Rafi Nizami d. None of them

GK-Lecture-01-06
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26. 2010-2020 in the SAARC decade of
a. The rights or the labor b. The rights of the women
c. The rights of the child d. Intra-regional Connectivity
27. In which year SAARC is Commission was formulated?
a. 1990 b. 1991 c. 1992 d. 1993
28. SAARC law was accorded recognitious in which year?
a. 1991 b. 1992 c. 1993 d. 1994
29. Who is the current secretary general of SAARC?
a. Dr. Shell Kant Sharma b. Kumar Shrestha c. Abu-al-Ahsan d. Amjad Hussain B. Sial
30. Which country was a major donor is financing the SAARC?
a. Pakistan b. Srilanka c. India d. Bangladesh
31. Which country introduced the concept of SAARC? Bangladesh Krishi Bank (Assistant Officer): 2007, Pubali
Bank Ltd.
a. India b. Bangladesh c. Nepal d. Sri Lanka
32. Which of the following SAARC member has the highest population?
a. Bangladesh b. Pakistan c. Nepal d. Afghanistan
33. Which of the following SAARC member has best HDI rank in the whole group?
a. India b. Pakistan c. Sri Lanka d. Bhutan
34. Where is the headquarters of the SAARC? /SAARC Secretariat is situated in, SAARC secretariat is
situated in which country?
a. Manila b. Kathmandu c. N--- d. Jakarta
35. What is the name of the SAARC satellite to be launched on May 5, 2017?
a. South Asia Satellite b. South Asian Association Satellite
c. South East Asia satellite d. SAARC satellite
36. Which of the following country is not the member of the SAARC?
a. Myanmar b. Bhutan c. Nepal d. Maldives
37. The SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) entered into force on 1 January-?
a. 2004 b. 2005 c. 2006 d. 2007
38. The meaning of SAPTA is
a. SAARC preferntial Trading Arrangement b. SAARC Preferential Tariff Agrement
c. South Asian Trading Arrangement d. South Asian pre---- Agrement
39. The preferential trade arrangements among the SAARC countries are known a-
a. SAFTA b. SAPTA c. SARTA d. SFTA e. SATPA
40. The SATA ment) signed on 11 April _?
a.1993 b.1994 c.2004 d.2006
41. The meaning of SAFTA is
a. SAARC Free Trading Arrangement b. SAARC Free Tariff Agreemen
c. South Asian Free Trade Area d. South Asian Free Tariff Agreement e. None of these
42. Which country introduced the concept of SAARC? Pubali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer): 2011
a. Glance b. Bangladesh c. Silence d. Nepal e. None
43. SAARC Agricultural Information center is situated in
a. Pakistan b. Bangladesh c. India d. Bhutan e. None
44. SAARC energy center will be established
a. Bangladesh b. India c. Pakistan d. Nepal e. Sri Lanka
45. SAARC University” has been established in - Pubali Bank Ltd. (SO’lO)
a. Dhaka b. Katmandu c. Islamabad d. New Delhi e. None
46. The core philosophy of BIMSTEC is----?
a. Defense Cooperation b. Economic Cooperation
c. Cultural Cooperation d. Political Cooperation
47. Which of the following organization has head office located at Dhaka? Bangladesh Bank (Assistant
Director)-16
a. UNICEF b. CIRDAP c. SAARC d. BIMSTEC & CIRDAP

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48. BIMSTEC stands for-
a. Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand Economic cooperation
b. Bay of Bengal Integration for multicultural Scientific, Technological and Eco-friendly Center
c. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic cooperation
d. Bangladesh, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand Economic Cooperation
49. What type of organization is BIMSTEC? / IFIC Bank ltd.
a. Financial b. Social c. Economical d. Technological
50. Which country is not a member of the BIMSTEC? Exim Bank Ltd. (officer): 2004
a. Bangladesh b. India c. China d. Sri Lanka
51. Who signed NAFTA when it was first implemented?
a. Mulroney, Gortari, George H.W. Bush b. Mulroney, Kennedy, Gortari
c. Mulroney, Gortari, Nixon d. Carter, Gortari, Mulroney
52. Which American president actually signed the NAFTA following approval by Congress?
a. Jimmy Carter b. George W. Bush c. Bill Clinton d. George H. Bush
53. What presidential candidate opposed NAFTA?
a. Al Gore b. Bill Clinton c. Richard Nixon d. Ross Perot
54. When did United States, Mexico Canada sign the NAFTA?
a. December 17, 1992 b. July, 30 1992 c. January 20, 1993 d. November 25, 1992
55. The regional trade agreement be the USA, Canada and Mexico is ---- as-
a. Mercosur b. NAFTA c. ASEAN d. the EU
56. The North American Free Agreement came into effect January-
a. 2004 b. 1994 c. 1984 d. 1974
57. Where is the Head Officer of the Asian Clearing Union (ACU) Located?
a. Saudi Arab b. Iran c. Japan d. Singapore
58. The Head Office of Asian Clearing Union (ACU) is situated in
a. Dhaka b. Tehran c. Delhi d. Islamabad
59. Which one of the following countries is a G-7 country?
a. Brazil b. Canada c. Sweden d. China e. None
60. In which country the first International Army Games was held?
a. China b. Brazil c. Kuwait d. Russia
61. Which of the following describes correctly the Group of Seven (G-7) countries?
a. They are developing countries b. They are industrialized countries
c. They are holding Atomic Bomb technology
d. They are countries that can launch their won satellites
62. Which country does belong to the group of G-8 countries?
a. Switzerland b. China c. Brazil d. Canada e. None
63. Which of the following is a member state of G-8?
a. Singapore b. India c. Brazil d. Belgium e. None
64. Which one of the following countries is a G-7 country?
a. Brazil b. Canada c. Sweden d. China e. None
65. Which country does belong to the group of G-8 countries?
a. Switzerland b. China c. Brazil d. Canada e. None
66. Which of the following is a member state if G-8?
a. India b. Singapore c. Brazil d. Belgium e. None
67. Which Asian Country belongs to the G-8 countries?
a. India b. Bangladesh c. Japan d. Pakistan e. Sri Lanka
68. Which country does not belong to the group of G-8 countries?
a. Japan b. China c. USA d. Canada e. None
69. Which of the following countries is not a member of G-8?
a. Australia b. France c. Germany d. Italy e. None
70. Which of the following countries are all members of the G-20?
a. India, Indonesia, Italy b. Japan, Bangladesh, Vietnam

GK-Lecture-01-06
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 c. Japan, China, Vietnam d. North Korea, Italy, Indonesia e. None
71. Which of the following city is organizing the recent G20 summit held in 30 November-10 December 2018?
a. Brisbane b. Buenos Aires c. Antalya d. Hamburg
72. Which of the following is not the member of the G20?
a. Indonesia b. Singapore c. Mexico d. Turkey
73. Which of the following is not the member of the G20?
a. China b. Turkey c. Malaysia d. Italy e. None
74. Where was the first summit of G20 held?
a. USA b. Britain c. Canada d. France
75. The G-20 superseded the G-33. ---- had superseded itself.
a. G-22 b. G-15 c. G-7 d. G-77
76. Where is the permanent Secretariat of the G20?
a. The Washington, United States of America b. London, United Kingdom
c. Sydney, Australia d. The G-20 operates without a permanent secretariat
77. In 2018, there are 20 members of the G-20. Now, Group of 20 has finance ministers and central bank
governors of 19 countries is the 20th member.
a. the European Union b. The United Nations c. SAARC d. NATO
78. The G-20 members represent about
a. 50% of global GDP b. 75% of global GDP c. 79% of global GDP d. 90% of global GDP
79. Brent index is associated with-
a. Shipping rate index b. Copper future prices c. Crude oil prices d. Gold future prices e. None
80. The Headquarter of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is situated in:
a. Geneva b. Vienna c. New York d. Paris e. Abu Dhabi
81. OPEC is the cartel for the product-
a. Jute b. Copper c. Petroleum d. Coffee e. None
82. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was established in-
a. Austria b. Iraq c. Abu Dhabi d. Saudi Arabia
83. Which one is the unit of measuring weight of crude oil?
a. KG b. Ounce c. Gallon d. Barrel e. Liter
84. What is this “tight oil”?
a. It is a crude oil that is found in petroleum-bearing shale formations that have relatively low porosity
& permeability
b. It is unconventional oil produced from oil shale by pyrolysis, hydrogenation or thermal dissolution
c. It is unconventional oil obtained from organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks
d. It is a colloquial term for high cost petroleum crude due to fluctuations in international crude oil prices.
85. Which country has the largest proven oil reserve in the world?
a. Saudi Arabia b. USA c. Russia d. Venezuela
86. Which of the following countries is not a member of the OPEC?
a. Angola b. Yemen c. UAE d. Algeria e. Ecuador
87. Which is the main export item of middle East?
a. Gold b. Petroleum c. Fish d. camel e. None
88. OPEC is associated with the international trading of which of the following commodities?
a. Oil b. Paper c. Coal d. Energy and Gas e. None
89. OPEC is associated with the international trading of which of the following commodities.
a. Coal b. Paper c. Oil d. Energy and Gas e. None
90. Which of the following organizations control the price of crude oil in the world market?
a. APEC b. OPEC c. United Nations d. European Union
91. Which countries are not included in D-8 countries?
a. India, Nepal, Srilanka b. Egypt, Indonesia, Iran
c. Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan d. Bangladesh, Pakistan, Turkey
92. The World Bank is a-

GK-Lecture-01-06
63
 a. Multinational Bank b. National Bank c. International Financial Institution d. UN Body
93. One wing out of five wings of World Bank named as ‘IFC’ Is abbreviation or IFC stands for-
a. Intergovernmental Financing Company b. International Finance Corporation
c. Internal Finance Company d. Intergovernmental Financing Corporation
94. IFC is a (an)_
a. Commercial Bank b. International association of finance companies
c. Bi-lateral trade organization d. Investment bank for Asia-Pacific
e. Private sector development wing of the World Bank
95. IFC (International Finance Corporation) is the part of following organization?
a. FBI b. IJNICEF c. IMF d. World Bank e. UNDP
96. The World Bank has supported Bangladesh since__
a. 1971 b. 1972 c. 1973 d. 1974
97. International financial institution ‘World Bank’ was founded in
a. October, 1948 b. April, 1949 c. July, 1944 d. May, 1945
98. Which of the following is not a part of the World Bank Group?
a. IDA b. IBRD c. IFC d. IMF e. ICSID

Anser Key of Practice Test

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. B
31. B 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A
41. C 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. C
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. B 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. D
61. B 62. C 63. E 64. B 65. D 66. E 67. C 68. B 69. A 70. A
71. B 72. B 73. C 74. A 75. A 76. D 77. A 78. D 79. C 80. B
81. C 82. B 83. D 84. A 85. D 86. B 87. B 88. A 89. C 90. B
91. A 92. C 93. B 94. E 95. D 96. B 97. C 98. D

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 Lecture - 05
Teacher’s Content
 The United Nations and its related organizations
 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
 EU, OIC, NAM, NATO, Arab League & Commonwealth

Content Discussion
International Organizations & Intelligence Agencies
The United Nations and its related organizations
EU, OIC, Commonwealth of Nations, Arab League, NAM, NATO
 International Human Rights Organizations
Intelligence Agencies
Brief History of the United Nations
The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization to replace the ineffective League of Nations began under the
aegis of the US State Department in 1939. In 1945, the United Nations Conference on International Organization at
San Francisco to draw up the United Nations Charter by representatives of 50 countries. Those delegates discussed the
pros and cons of the proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and
the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in August-October 1944.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented
at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 Member States. The United Nations officially
came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the
United Kingdom, and the United States and by a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24
October each year.
It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes
and principles contained in its founding Charter. The name United Nations, coined by United States President Franklin
D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942.
The UN functions through its 6 principal organs. They are:
1. General Assembly (UNGA) 2. Security Council (UNSC)
3. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 4. Trusteeship Council (UNTC)
5. International Court of Justice (ICJ) 6. Secretariat
In a Line of United Nations
Foundation Date 24th October 1945
Headquarter New York, USA
European Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Secretary General Antonio Guterres, Partugal
Member Countries 193 (Bangladesh 136th member joined in 1974)
The power to Veto any decision by a negative vote in the Security
Veto Power Council. It is enjoyed by five permanent members of the security
Council-China. France, Russia. UK and USA)
Official Language Arabic, Chinese, English. French, Russian, and Spanish
White UN Emblem (two bent olive branches open at the top and in
Flag
between them in world map) on a light blue background.
Motto It’s Your World
Named by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Objectives of UN
i. To keep peace throughout the world
ii. To develop spirit of co-operation and friendly relations among the nations.
iii. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger disease and illiteracy, and
to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms.
GK-Lecture-01-06
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 Iv. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.
Principal Organs of United Nations

General Assembly

Security Council
Principal Organs
Economic and Social Council

Trusteeship Council

International Court of Justice

The Secretariat
General Assembly (UNGA)
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is the chief policy-making and representative body of the UN.
✓ It is the only UN body where all the UN members are represented. So, all 193 member countries are
represented here.
✓ The GA is headed by a President who is elected for a one-year tenure.
✓ The GA is headquartered in New York, USA.
✓ The UNGA meets once a year in September.
✓ This annual GA session happens in the General Assembly Hall in New York.
✓ The Assembly also meets at other times of the year depending on the tasks.
✓ The UNGA can make recommendations to countries on matters within its competence.
✓ Every member has one vote in the GA.
✓ Most questions are decided by a simple majority, however, budgetary questions, election to the UNSC, and
ECOSOC require a 2/3rd majority vote.
✓ In recent times, the UNGA has been striving to make decisions based on consensus among all member
countries.
✓ The work of the General Assembly is also carried out by its six main committees, the Human Rights Council,
other subsidiary bodies and the UN Secretariat.
Security Council (UNSC)
The primary responsibility of maintaining peace and security in the world lies with the United Nations Security
Council (UNSC).
✓ The UNSC has 15 member states, five of whom are permanent members.
✓ The 10 non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years each, on a
regional basis.
✓ Out of the 10 temporary members, five are from Asia or Africa, two are from Latin America, one from
Eastern Europe, and two from Western Europe or other regions.
✓ The five permanent member countries are the USA, the UK, France, Russia, and China.
✓ Decisions are taken by the Council by vote, that is if 9 out of the 15 members vote ‘yes’. However, if any of
the permanent members vote ‘no’, that is, use their veto power, then the resolution is not passed.
✓ Each of the permanent members possesses the Veto Power to any resolution of the UNSC.
✓ The UNSC is headquartered in New York.
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
The ECOSOC is the main body responsible for coordination, policy dialogue, policy review and recommendations on
social, economic, and environmental issues, and also the implementation of internationally agreed development goals.
✓ It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the
economic, social, and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies.
✓ It is the UN’s pivotal platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development.
✓ The ECOSOC has 54 members that are elected by the General Assembly.
✓ Voting is by a simple majority and each member has one vote in the ECOSOC.
✓ The work of the UN’s specialized agencies like the FAO, UNESCO, UNICEF, the ILO, etc. are coordinated
by the ECOSOC.

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 ✓ The ECOSOC presidency is for one year, and it is headquartered in New York.
✓ Regional Commissions of ECOSOC-

 Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
 Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
 Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
Trusteeship Council (UNTC)
The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 under the UN Charter to administer the 11 Trust
Territories after the Second World War.
✓ These were former colonies or dependent territories.
✓ Since the Council was created, many territories have become independent and are self-governing.
✓ The last Trust Territory to become independent was Palau in 1994.
✓ Hence, the Trusteeship Council suspended operations in 1994 and decided to meet as and when the
occasion arises.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
The ICJ is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in The Hague,
Netherlands. Notably, it is the only UN principal organ not situated in New York.
✓ The chief judicial organ of the UN, it is also sometimes known as the World Court.
✓ Established by the UN Charter in 1945, it began work in 1946 when it replaced the Permanent Court
of International Justice which had functioned in the Peace Palace since 1922.
✓ All the 193 member states of the UN are automatically parties to the Court.
✓ The ICJ is composed of 15 judges.
✓ The judges have a tenure of nine years each.
✓ Among the 15 judges, there is a President, a Vice President and a Registrar.
Secretariat
The Secretariat comprises the UN Secretary-General and the thousands of staff who work at the UN HQ in New York.
✓ The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the UN.
✓ The Secretary-General is appointed by the GA on the recommendation by the UNSC.
✓ He/she has a five-year renewable tenure.
✓ The current and the ninth Secretary-General is a Portuguese national, António Guterres.
✓ The Secretary-General can bring to the attention of the UNSC any issue which can be a threat to international
peace and security.
Specialized Organizations and Agencies of the United Nations
Organization Name Abbreviation Headquarters Formation
Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Palazzo FAO, Rome, Italy 1945
Internal Civil Aviation Organization ICAO Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1947
International Maritime Organization IMO London, United Kingdom 1959
United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees UNHCR Geneva, Switzerland 1950
Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS UNAIODS Geneva, Switzerland 1996
International Labor Organization ILO Geneva, Switzerland 1919
United Nations International Strategy for UNISDR Geneva, Switzerland 2000
Disaster Reduction
World Health Organization WHO Geneva, Switzerland 1948
World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO Geneva, Switzerland 1967
International Telecommunication Union ITU Geneva, Switzerland 1947
Office of the High Commissioner for OHCHR Geneva, Switzerland 1993
Human Rights
Universal Postal Union UPU Bern, Switzerland 1874
International Rescue Committee IRC New York City, USA 1933
United Nation Atomic Energy Commission UNAEC New York City, USA 1946
United Nations Capital Development Fund UNCDF New York City, USA
United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF New York City, USA 1946
United Nations Development Program UNDP New York City, USA 1965
United Nations Educational, Scientific and UNESCO Paris, France 1 946
Cultural Organization
United Nations Environment Program UNEP Nairobi, Kenya 1972
United Nations Human Settlements UN-Habitat Nairobi, Kenya 1978
Program

GK-Lecture-01-06
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United Nations Industrial Development
Organization UNIDO Vienna, Austria 1985
International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA Vienna, Austria 1957
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC Vienna, Austria 1997
World Tourism Organization UNWTO Madrid, Spain 1957
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Established 23 March 1950
Member Country 193 (187 member states and 6 member Territories)
World Meteorological Day 23 March
Nobel Peace Prize Award 2007
President Gerhard Adrian, Germany
Secretary General Dr Johan Stander, South Africa

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Headquarter Vienna, Austria
Established 1997
Member Country 53 member states
Executive Director Ghada Fathi Waly's, Egypt

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Headquarter Geneva. Switzerland
Established 14 December 1950
High Commissioner Filippo Grandi (11th) Italy

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Headquarter The Hague, The Netherlands
Established 1 July 2002
Member States 124, Last member- Malaysia (2019)
Official Language English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish
Working Language English and French
President Piotr Hofmański, Poland

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Headquarter Geneva. Switzerland
Established 1964
Secretary General Rebeca Grynspan, Costa Rica

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

Headquarter Rome, Italy
Established 16th October, 1945
Member Country 197 (Bangladesh joined on 12 September, 1973)
Director General Qu Dongyu, Chaina
International Labor Organization (ILO)
Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Established 29 October 1919
Director General Gilbert Houngbo, 11th
Nobel Peace Prize 1969
Bangladesh Joined 23 June 1972
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Headquarter Vienna. Austria
Established 1957
Director General General Rafael Mariano Grossi, Argentina
Total Member 175
Bangladesh Joined 27 September 1972

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 World Health Organization (WHO)
Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Established 1948
Director General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Eritrea
Total Member 194 member states
Parent Organization ECOSOC
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Headquarter Geneva, Switzerland
Established 1 January 1995
Director General Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigeria
Total Member 164 (Bangladesh Joined on 17 May, 1972)
Parent Organization ECOSOC
Official Language English, French, Spanish

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

In September 2015, all 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted a plan for achieving a better future for all —
laying out a path over the next 15 years to end extreme poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and protect our planet.
At the heart of “Agenda 2030” are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which clearly define the world we
want — applying to all nations and leaving no one behind.
The new Global Goals result from a process that has been more inclusive than ever, with Governments involving
business, civil society and citizens from the outset. We are all in agreement on where the world needs to go. Fulfilling
these ambitions will take an unprecedented effort by all sectors in society — and business has to play a very important
role in the process. The 17 SDGs are:

Goal Main Points Goal Main Points

1 No poverty 2 Zero hunger (No hunger)
3 Good health and well-being 4 Quality and inclusive education
5 Gender equality 6 Clean water and sanitation
7 Affordable and clean energy 8 Decent work and economic growth
9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure 10 Reduced inequality
11 Sustainable cities and communities 12 Responsible consumption & production
13 Climate action 14 Life below water
15 Life on land 16 Peace, justice and strong institutions
17 Partnership for the goals
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
In September 2000, building upon a decade of major United Nations conferences and summits world leaders came
together at the United Nations Headquarters in New York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The
Declaration committed nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty, and set out a series of eight
time-bound targets- with a deadline of 2015- that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or Global Goals, will guide policy and funding for the
next 15 years, beginning with a historic pledge on 25 September 2015. to end poverty.
The 8MDG Goals:
i. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
ii. Achieve universal primary education
iii. Promote gender equality and empower women
lv. Reduce child mortality
v. Improve maternal health
vi. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
vii. Ensure environmental sustainability
viii. Develop a global partnership for development

European Union (EU) & Brexit (Britain Exit)

Headquarter Brussels, Belgium
Currency Euro
Official languages 24 languages
Largest cities Paris and London
Member states 27 states

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 President of the European Council Charles Michel
President of the European Parliament Roberta Metsola
President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen
Members Country of European Union
Germany Slovenia Greece Sweden Spain Hungary Austria
Ireland Latvia Bulgaria Lithuania Croatia Luxembourg Belgium
Cyprus Malta France Netherlands Denmark Poland Italy
Estonia Portugal Finland Czech Republic Romania Slovakia
BREXIT - An Overview
BREXIT in simple terms refers to Britain holding a referendum to decide whether it wants to continue membership
under the EU or not. The referendum was held on 23rd June 2016 and 52% voted for BREXIT whereas 48% voted for
remaining within the EU. Although the referendum is not binding on Britain’s parliament, the PM has announced that
he has to respect the will of the people.
The United Kingdom finally left the European Union (EU) on 31st January 2020. It was a long-awaited historical
move that must bring an important change in the policies and politics of the remaining 27 European Union members
states and the U.K. mainly.
Organization of Islamic Co-operation (OIC)
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an international organization with 57 member states spread over
four continents. It is an organisation of the collective voice of the Muslim world. The Organization was established
upon a decision of the historical summit which took place in Rabat, the Kingdom of Morocco on 12th Rajab 1389
Hijra (25 September 1969) as a result of criminal arson of Al-Aqsa Mosque in occupied Jerusalem.
Headquarter Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Official Languages Arabic, English, French
Membership 57 member states
Founder Member 25 CountrIes (Bangladesh joined 23 February 1974)
Establishment 25 September 1969 (12th Rajab 1389 Hijri)
Fist Secretary General Tunku Abdul Rahman (Malaysia, 1971- 1973)
Secretary General Hissein Brahim Taha, Chad
Arab League
The Arab League as a political dimension is the result of colonialism’s adverse effect on the Arabian World. It
generated a sense of Arab nationalism which eventually led to the formation of the Arab League which following
adoption of the Alexandria Protocol in 1944, the Arab League was founded on 22 March 1945. The official
headquarters of the League was the Boustan Palace in Cairo. It aimed to be a regional organisation of Arab states with
a focus to developing the economy, resolving disputes and coordinating political aims.
Establishment 22 March 1945
Founder Member 7 Countries
Member states 22 Countries; Member states: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordon,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Palestinian, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Headquarters Cairo, Egypt
Secretary-General Ahmed Aboul Gheit, Egypt
Legislature Arab Parliament
Official languages Arabic
Demonym(s) Arabs
Type Regional organization
Non-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any
major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.
The movement originated in the aftermath of the Korean War & the Cold War, whereby two major powers formed
blocs and embarked on a policy to pull the rest of the world into their orbits. In 1961, drawing on the principles agreed
at the Bandung Conference of 1955, the Non-Aligned Movement was formally established in Belgrade, Yugoslavia,
through an initiative of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Egyptian
President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah and Indonesian President Dr. Ahmed Sukarno.
Establishment September 1961, Belgrade Summit, Yugoslavia
Founder Member 25 Countries
Member states 120 Countries, 20 Observer Countries and 10 Observer organizations
Last Members Azerbaijan & Fiji
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 Headquarters Non
Chairman Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan
Next Summit End of 2023, Uganda
Basic Principles The principles adopted at the Bandung Conference and led at the first summit
meeting were:
✓ Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
✓ Mutual non-aggression
✓ Mutual non-interference in each other's affairs
✓ Equality and mutual benefit
✓ Peaceful co-existence
The Commonwealth of Nation
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent sovereign states, most of which are former colonies
once governed by the United Kingdom as part of the British Empire. The Commonwealth is an intergovernmental
organisation of 56 member states, mostly were ruled by the British Empire. Modern commonwealth was established
on 28 April 1949. The main goal of the Commonwealth organisation is to improve the well-being of all
Commonwealth citizens and to advance their shared interests globally.
Balfuur Declaration: 19 November 1926
Establishment Statute of Westminster: 11 December 1931
London Declaration: 28 April 1949
Member states 56
Last Member Togo, June 2022
Secretariat established 1965
Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK
Secretary General Patricia Scotland (2016 to present)
Working language English
Commonwealth Day Often held on the second Monday in March (Empire Day)

Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization)

Interpol is the world’s largest international police organization, with 194 member countries. Established in 1923, it
enables cross-border police cooperation and supports and assists all organisations, authorities and services whose
mission is to prevent or combat international crime.

Headquarter Lyon, France.

Established 1923
Motto Connecting police for a safer world
Member 194 member countries (Bangladesh Joined 14 October 1976)
Secretary General Jürgen Stock, Germany
Language 4 (English, Arabic, French, Spanish)
Interpol Notices
To seek the location/arrest of a person wanted by a judicial jurisdiction or an international
Red Notice
tribunal with a view to his/her extradition.
To warn about a person’s criminal activities if that person is considered to be a possible
Green Notice
threat to public safety.
Blue Notice To locate, identify or obtain information on a person of interest in a criminal investigation.
Yellow Notice To locate a missing person or to identify a person unable to identify himself/herself.
Black Notice To seek information on unidentified bodies.
To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat and
Orange Notice
danger to persons or property.
To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects, devices, or hiding places
Purple Notice
used by criminals.
Interpol –UNSC To inform Interpol’s members that an individual or an entity is subject to UN sanctions.
Special Notice

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which is also called the North Atlantic Alliance. It is an
intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO was
GK-Lecture-01-06
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created by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the
Soviet Union.
Establishment 4 April 1949
Headquarter Brussels, Belgium.
Membership 30 states
Last Membership North Macedonia (2020)
Official Language English & French
Secretary General Jens Stolltengerg 13th
Chairman of the Military Committee Admiral Rob Bauer, Royal Netherlands Navy
Supreme Allied Commander Europe General Christopher G. Cavoli, United States Army
Amnesty International
The Amnesty International was formed in July 1961, in London, United Kingdom by the lawyers-Peter Benenson and
Philip James. Amnesty draws attention to human rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws
and standards.
Established July 1961
Founder Peter Benenson
Headquarters London, United Kingdom
Secretary General Dr Agnès Callamard, Denmark
Members More than 7 mIllion members and supporters. Documenting the state of human rights
in 159 countries
Role A world wide organization for the protection of the rights of conscience Nobel Peace
Prize: 1977 for its ‘defense of human dignity against torture
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million
volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all
human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.

Established 9 February 1863

Founder Henry Dunant
Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland
Red Cross Day 8 May
President Peter Maurer, Switzerland
Vice-President Gilles Carbonnier, Switzerland
Area Served Worldwide
Symbols Red Cross & Crescent Moon
Nobel Peace Prize Awarded 1917, 1944 & 1963

Transparency International
Transparency International is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World
Bank. Based in Berlin, its nonprofit and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global corruption with
civil societal anti-corruption measures and to prevent criminal activities arising from corruption. Its most notable
publications include the Global Corruption Barometer and the Corruption Perceptions Index. The Corruption
Perceptions Index is released by Transparency International annually.
Established 1993
Purpose Combat corruption, crime prevention
Headquarters Berlin, Germany
Founder Peter Eigen
CEO Daniel Eriksson
Human Rights Watch (HRWJ
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City,
that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies,
and individual human rights abusers to denounce abuse and respect human rights, and the group often works on behalf
of refugees, children, migrants, and political prisoners. Human Rights Watch, in 1997, shared the Nobel Peace Prize as
a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. , and it played a leading role in the 2008 treaty
banning cluster munitions.

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 Established 1978 (As Helsinki Watch)
Focus Human rights activism
Headquarters Empire State Building. New York, USA
Executive Director Kenneth Roth
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit, majority U.S. government funded organization in Washington, D.C., that conducts
research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights. Freedom House was founded in October
1941, and Wendell Willkie and Eleanor Roosevelt served as its first honorary chairpersons.
Established Octobcr3l, 1941
Headquarters Washington, D.C., USA
Chairpersons Michael Chertoff, USA
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
IRENA is an intergovernmental organization that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future,
and serves as the principal platform for international cooperation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy,
technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. It promotes the widespread adoption and
sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind
energy in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and
prosperity.
Headquarter Masdar city, United Arab Emirates
Established 26 January, 2009
Director General Francesco La Camera, Italy
Total Member 168 states & The European Union

Intelligence Agencies in the World

Intelligence agencies are responsible for providing policymakers and political authorities with the most
accurate, timely and credible information possible for the basis of decision-making in government. The
Intelligence agencies often specialize in the particular domain of security, such as threats originating from
foreign sources, threats to domestic security, or intelligence relevant to military affairs, criminal activity, or
financial crimes.
Famous Intelligence Agencies in the World
Pakistan ✓ Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
✓ Central Intelligence Agencies (CIA)
United States of
✓ Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
America
✓ Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
✓ Foreign intelligence Services (SVR)
✓ Federal Security Services (FSB)
Russia
✓ FSB Voronj Oblast Website
✓ Interlinked System for recognizing Enemies (SOUD)
✓ MOSSAD; The Institute For Intelligence and Special Operation
Israel ✓ Aman: Military Intelligence
✓ Shabak: Security Services
Switzerland ✓ Militarischer Nachrichtendients
Australia ✓ Australian Security and Intelligence Organization
Italy ✓ Centro Intelligence Interforze (CII)
✓ Research & Analysis Wing (RAW)
India ✓ Intelligence Bureau (IB)
✓ Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
Malaysia ✓ Royal Intelligence Corps
Egypt ✓ Mukhabarat
China ✓ Central External Liaison Department
Germany ✓ Military Counter Intelligence Service
Iran ✓ Sazamne Etelaat va Amniate Kechvar (SAVAK)
Japan ✓ Naicho
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 South Africa ✓ Bureau of State Security (BOSS)
Canada ✓ Canadian Security intelligence Service (CSIS)
Iraq ✓ Iraqi Intelligence Service - IIS (Al-Mukbharat)
France ✓ Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE)
✓ M15
✓ M16
United Kingdom
✓ Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)
✓ Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard)
Turkey ✓ National Intelligence Organization (MIT)
Saudi Arabia ✓ General Intelligence Presidency
Singapore ✓ Security and Intelligence Division.

Previous Year Questions

1. The first meeting of the UN General Assembly was held in which of the following city? Combined
5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) New York B) Teheran C) San Francisco D) London
2. The main object of which of the following UN agency Is to help the undeveloped countries In the
task of raising their living standards? Combined Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A)IMF B)UNICEF C)UNDP D)IDA
3. Commonwealth of Nations headquarters situated in? Sonali Bank Ltd. Senior Officer (FF.19)
A) London B) Washington DC C) Geneva D) None
4. The official working language recognized by the UNO are- Combined Banks Officer, 19
A) Chinese and English B) French and Russian
C) Spanish and Arabic D) All of the above
5. How many global goals have been included In SDGs? BB, AD(General-18)
A)15 B)16 C)17 D)18
6. The slogan adopted by CEDAW Is- RB, AD (Generai-18)
A) Women rights are human rights B) Equal rights for all
C) Let women enjoy equal rights D) Preserve women rights
7. The latest member-state 0f NATO is- BB. Officer (General.l8)
A) Albania B) Montenegro C) Croatia D) North Macedonia
8. One of the official languages of the organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)Is- BB. Officer
(General.18)
A) French B) Spanish C) Russian D) Chinese
9. The International body of UN which gives the recongition of the transformation from LDC to
developing countries- BR. Officer (General. 18)
A) Committee for Development Policy B) Committee for Developing Policy
C) Committee for National Development Policy D) Committee for International Development Policy
10. Which of the following countries has recently launched amnesty program for foreign workers
overstaying permits? 3 Govt. Banks & Ft. Officer (Cash- 18)
A) Iran B) UAE C) Israel D) Jordon
11. The regulations related to intellectual property is known as- 3 Govt. Banks & F!. Officer (Cash-18)
A) IPRS B) TRIM C) TRIPS D) GAT
12. When did World War 2 start? 2 Govt. Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-IS)
A) 1937 B) 1938 C) 1939 D) 1940
13. Who is not a member of World Trade Organization? H Govt. Banks & Fl. (Senior Officer.18)
A) Bangladesh B) Morocco C) Mexico D) Russia E. None
14. The headquarter of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are situated at- 3 Govt Banks &
Fl, (S.O- 18)
A) Vienna B) Geneva C) Rome D) Paris
15. The main object of which or the following UN agency Is to help the underdeveloped countries in
the task of raising their living standards? 3 Govt. Banks & FI (S.O.-18)
A)IMF B)UNICEF C)UNDP D) IDA
16. The historical ED-Day’ is related with- Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd.. S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
GK-Lecture-01-06
73
 A) World War B) 2nd World War C) Gulf War D) Iraq War
17. The term of a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council is- Sonali Bank (S.O-18)
A) 1 year B) 9 months C) 2 years D) 3 years
18. Which of the following organization is concerned with environmental issues? Sonali Bank Ltd.
(5.0-18)
A) OIC B) IPCC C) MIGA D) WMO
19. The First OIC Summit on Science and Technology, 2017, was held in - Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-
18)
A) Kyrgyzstan B) Kazakhastan C) Uzbekistan D) Turkmenistan
20. Which one of the following is not the official language of United Nations Organizations? PB (SEO-29)
A) Spanish B) Portuguese C) Chinese D) None

21. The recent mass killings and atrocities of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar was described as a text
book example of ethnic Cleansing’ by; Sonah Bank Ltd., (Otticer-18)
A) Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan B) UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
C) UN High Commissioner for Human Rights D) UN Secretary General
22. Recently the country withdrew from UN refugee programme is- Rupali Bank (Cash-18)
A) Tanzania B) Myanmar C) Syria D) USA
23. Who Is the author of the book The Rights of man7 PICB. (SEO-18)
A) Thomas Hardy B) Thomas Mann C) Thomas Moore D) Thomas Paine
24. Which one of the following is not an official language of the UN? PKK, (SIO-18)
A) Arabic B) Chinese C) Portuguese D) Spanish
25. Which of the following organization is concerned with environmental issues? PKB. E. Officer
(Cash-18)
A) OIC B) WMO C) MIGA D) IPCC
26. The total number of countries they officially use Euro as a currency? (ABL - 2017)
a. 15 b. 28 c. 16 d. 19
27. All the following four countries belongs to the Eurozone, except - (ABL - 2017)
a. France b. Finland c. Sweden d. Australia
28. European Perlament is in - (Islami Bank - 2017)
a. Humburg b. Leon c. Rome d. Strasburg e. Luxemberg
29. How many countries are currently using Euro? (Pubali Bank-2014)
a. 16 b. 17 c. 18 d. 19 e. 25
30. Where is the headquarter of European Union Located?(BKB 2012)
a. Brussels b. Paris c. London d. Rome e. none of these
31. The Headquarter of Arab Leauge is in (Pubali Bank 2015)
a. Cairo b. Tunis c. Tehran d. Aman e. None of these
32. One of the official language of OIC is-(Sonali Bank Senior Officer-18)
a. French b. Spanish c. Russian d. Chaines
33. Which country will host the NAM Summit in 2015? (Pubali Bank 2014)
a. India b. Venezuela c. Brazil d. Malaysia
34. In which year did Bangladesh become a member of Commonwealth? (Probasy Kalyan Bank-2014)
a. 1975 b. 1980 c. 1975 d. 1972 e. 1988
35. In which city is the head office of CIRDAP located? (City Bank- 2011)
a. New York b. Dhaka c. New Delhi d. Geneva e. None of these
36. OPEC is associated with the international trading of which of the following commodities? (Titas Gas.11)
a. Oil b. Paper c. Coal d. Energy and Gas e. None of these
37. The APEC summit was held in- (BKB - 2017)
a. Peru b. Paname c. Chilli d. Mexico
38. Which one is not member of G-7- (Probashi kollyan Bank-18)
a. Japan b. Sweden c. Italy d. Canada
39. Which country does not belongs to G-7? (Bangladesh Bank AD-18)
a. Russia b. Japan c. Germany d. Italy
40. Which country does belongs to the group of G8 country?(Mercantile Bank 2016, IFIC Bank 2013)
a. Swizerland b. China c. Brazil d. Canada e. None of these
GK-Lecture-01-06
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41. Which of the following is a member state of G8? (Dutch Bangla Bank- 2011)
a. India b. Singapore c. Brazil d. Belgium e. None of these
42. Which of the following descripes correctly the group of 7 (G-7) countres? (National Bank 2013)
a. They are developing countres b. They are industrialized countres
c. They are holding Atomic bomb technology
d. They are countrs that can launch their own Satellites e. None of these
43. The Laest member of Nato-(Sonali Bank Senior Officer-18)
a. Albenia b. Montinegro c. Croatia d. Romania
44. What kind of organization is NATO? (Janata Bank-2011)
a. Political b. Social c. Environmental d. Military e. None of them
45. Which of the following is the only Muslim country included in NATO? (Bnagladesh Bank-2011)
a. Pakistan b. Iran c. Egypt d. Turkey e. Syria

46. When did Bangladesh become a member of INTERPOL? (Islami Bank -2017)
a. 1972 b. 1974 c. 1979 d. 1977 e. None
47. Each year world Red cross and Red cresent day is Celebrated on- (Uttara bank-2017)
a. June 8 b. May 8 c. June 18 d. May 18
48. Where is the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross located? (Dhaka
Bank-2011)
a. New York b. Geneva c. London d. Paris e. None of these
49. The term of none parmanet member of UN security councilis- (Sonali Bank Senior officer-18)
a. 1 years b. 2 years c. 3 years d. 4 years
50. Which of the following is not the official language of UN? (Probashi kollayn Bank-18)
a. Spanish b. Portuguese c. Chinese d. None of these
51. During the liberation war of the Bangladesh the secretary General of UN was- (Combined Bank-5- 18)
a. U-thant b. Kurt Waldheim c. Dag Hammarskjöld d. Boutros Ghali
52. The head quater of International Atomic Energy Agncy (IAEA) are situated at- (Combined 3
bank Senior officer-18)
a. Vienna b. Geneva c. Rome d. Paris
53. Which of the following country is not the member of united nation? (Exim Bank-18)
a. Vatican city b. Afganistan c. North Korea d. None of these
54. The HeadQuarter of ILO- (Bangladesh Islami Bank - 2017)
a. New York b. London c. Paris d. Geneva e. None
55. When was the Bangladesh first participate in the UN peace keeping mission? (JB - 2017)
a. 1987 b. 1989 c. 1988 d. 1990
56. Which of the following countries in the last member of UN? (JB- 2017)
a. South Sudan b. Andhora c. Sierra Leone d. Etheopia
57. Which UN body deals with population problem? (AB Bank-2014)
a. UNFPA b. UNDP c. UNICEF d. UNESCO e. None of these
58. Which one of the following is not an official language of the United Nations? [AB Bank, MTO,
2014]
a. Arabic b. Russian c. Portuguese d. Chinese e. None of these
59. Ban Ki Moon is the ______ th Secretary General of the United Nations. (Agrani Bank- 2012)
a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 7 e. 6
60. Which one of the following is not the official language of United Nations Organizations?
(Bnagladesh Bank-2012)
a. Spanish b. Arabic c. Portuguese d. Chinese e. None of them

Practice Test
1. The organization league of Nations was founded after end of-
a) Vietnam war b) Crimean war c) World war I d) World war II
2. Which organ of the United Nations has ceased to be operational?
a) Economic and Social Council b) International Court of Justice
c) Trusteeship Council d) Secretariat
3. Human rights and peacekeeping decisions are made by.
GK-Lecture-01-06
75
 a) UN b) IMF c) UNESCO d) UNICEF
4. UN Day is observed on which date?
a) 24 October b) 24 December c) 24 August d) 24 November
5. United Nations Food Assistant Wing’ addresses hunger issues is called
a) WFP b) WHO c) UNICEF d) UNIESCO
6. The five permanent members of UN security council are. or
How many countries are permanent members of UN Security Council UNSC)?
a) Japan, West Germany, USSR, UK and USA b) Canada. China. France. USSR and UGA
c) Germany, China. USSR. UK and USA d) China. France, USSR. UK and USA
7. US President during ‘World War II’ was
a) Grover Cleveland b) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
c) Theodore Roosevelt d) Woodrow Wilson
8. Which of the following is not main organ of United Nations?
a) International Court of Justice b) Economic and Social Council
c) Secretariat d) International Monetary fund
9. The UN Charter was signed on
a) 24th June. 1945 b) 26th June, 1945 c) 24th July, 1945 d) 26th July, 1945
10. Which of the following is not an official language of United Nations?
a) Arabic b) Portuguese c) French d) Spanish
11. Which organization Is termed as child of War”?
a) UN b) League of Nations c) SAARC d) WH1J
12. What Is the term of United Nations Secretary General?
a) 3years b) 6years c) 4years d) 5years
13. Which of the following is not one of the official languages of the UNO?
a) French b) Spanish c) Arabic d) Italian
14. How many permanent members are there in the Security Council?
a) Three b) Five c) Six d) Four
15. When was the United Nations Organization founded? Or
In which year United Nations was founded?
a) August 9, 1945 b) October 24, 1944 c) October 24, 1945 d) December 10, 1945
16. The United Nations Charter Is concerned with
a) Mainly economic issues b) Mainly international cooperation Issues
c) Mainly gender Issues d) Mainly democracy issues
17. UN World Television Day Is observed on which date?
a) 23rd Nov b) 22nd Nov c) 21st Nov d) None
18. Who of the following was the U.N.O.’s first Secretary General from the African continent?
a) Kofi Anan b) Boutros Boutros-Ghali c) Javier Perez de Cuellar d) Ban Ki-Moon
19. The first Secretary General of the United Nations was
a) Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi Pandit b) Trygve Lie c) Dag Hammarskjold d) U. Thant
20. Who has been elected as the new Secretary General of the United Nations?
a) Anibal Silva b) Vitaly Antonio c) Antonio Guterres d) Mathew Rycroft
21. Which of the following countries Is not a permanent member of the UN Security Council?
a) USA b) UK c) France d) Spain
22. The United Nations acts primarily to improve
a) Conflicts between countries b) Conflicts within countries
c) Conflicts within regions of countries d) Conflicts within individual cities
23. Which Conference adopted the United Nations Charter on 26th January, 1945?
a) London Conference b) Tokyo Conference
c) San Francisco Conference d) None
24. In which year was the UNO awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
a) 1975 b) 1999 c) 2001 d) 2006
25. United Nation’s Convention on Law of Sea’ was signed in
a) 1988 b) 1986 c) 1984 d) 1982
26. How many member countries did the (NO have on its formation In 1945?
a)45 b) 48 c)51 d)54
27. Which organ of the United Nations has suspended Its operations since 1994?
a) Trusteeship Council b) Economic and Social Council
c) Secretariat d) International Court of Justice
28. How many official languages does the United Nations have?/The number of official languages recognized
by the UN charter is
GK-Lecture-01-06
76
 a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 4
29. What is the term of the President of the UN General Assembly?
a) 4 years b) 2 years c) 1 year d) 5 years
30. Which organization Is termed as Child of War?
a) UN b) League of Nations c) SAARC d) WHO
31. UN Secretary General heads which principal organ of the United Nations Organization?
a) General Assembly b) Security Council
c) Economic and Social Council d) The Secretariat
32. Which organ of the UNO functions from Peace Palace in The Hague, The Netherlands?
a) Security Council b) General Assembly
c) Economic and Social Council d) International Court of Justice
33. Reforming the UN implies
a) Reducing the number of Security council members
b) Increasing the number of Security Council members
c) That problems can best he solved at regional level
d) That regional organizations have no role in solving international problems
34. Which of the following organization led the foundation towards the formation of the International society
nations?
a) League of Nations b) United Nations c) International UN Federation d) International Institution

35. When did Bangladesh achieve membership of United Nations?

a) 1972 b) 1973 c) 1974 d) 1975
36. Who had given the Fourteen Point program for the formation of League of Nations?
a) Williamson b) Franklin Roosevelt c) Sam Kutesa d) Woodrow Wilson
37. The year 1995 is the Golden Jubilee year of which of the following international organizations?
a) UNO b) NAN c) GATT (now WTO) d) ASEAN
38. Since the end of the Cold War, the United Nations has been
a) Reformed b) Strengthened c) Weakened d) Dominated
39. General Assembly of the United Nations meets in a regular session-
a) once a year b) twice a year c) once in two year d) occasionally
40. Under whom recommendations the UN General Assembly suspends the UN membership?
a) Judicial Body b) International Judicial Community
c) Security Council d) All of the above
41. To consider the large number of agenda items, General Assembly has how many main committees?
a) 9 b)6 c)5 d)11
42. First meeting of the united nations General Assembly was held in-
a) New York b) Paris c) London d) Moscow
43. The first meeting of the UN General Assembly was held in which of the following cities?
a) Teheran b) New York c) San Francisco d) London
44. Only authorized body of United Nations’ which issues a binding resolution is
a) United Nations Security Council b) International Monetary Fund
c) World Health Organization d) World Wildlife Fund
45. What are the parameters to become a member of the UN?
a) It must be a state, it must be peace loving
b) It must accept the obligations to the Charter it must be willing to carry out these obligations
c) It must be able to carry out these d) All the above
46. The General Assembly of the United Nations have designated 1992 as;
a) International Child Year b) International Space Year
c) International year of the Family d) International year of Literacy
47. United Nations six principal organs includes-
a) World Food Program b) UNESCO c) Economic and Social Council d) World Bank Group
48. Where was the first ever Security Council Summit meeting held in early 1992?
a) New York b) Paris c) Geneva d) London
49. Where is the headquarters of UN Security Council located at?
a) Tokyo b) Washington c) New York d) Paris
50. The chairmanship/presidency of the UN Security Council rotates among the Council Members.
a) every 6 months b) every 3 months c) every year d) every month
51. Only authorized body of United Nations’ which Issues a binding resolution is
a) United Nations Security Council b) international Monetary Fund
c) World Health organization d) World Wildlife fund
GK-Lecture-01-06
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52. How many permanent members are there in the Security Council?
a) 10 b) 12 c) 5 d) 8
53. How many non-permanent members are there in the Security Council?
a) 10 b) 12 c) 15 d) 8
54. The number of the states of the UN Security Council having veto power is-
a) 15 b) 5 c) 10 d) 6
55. ESCAP stands for- Bangladesh Bank (Assistant Director): 2009
a) Economic and Social Conference for Asia and the Pacific
b) Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
c) Environment and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
d) Economic and Social Centre for Asia and the Pacific
56. How many members does the Economic and Social Council have?
a) 15 b) 22 c) 36 d) 54
57. Which organ of the United Nations Organization is responsible for coordinating the work of its
specialized agencies?
a) General Assembly b) Economic and Social Council c) Security Council d) Secretariat

58. Which UNO climate change conference has come out with action proclamation?
a) Marrakech meets in Morocco b) Geneva Convention c) Rio Summit d) None
59. United Nations adapted a Charter of Economic Rights in the year-
a) 1969 b) 1974 c) 1956 d) 1964
60. What is the term of term of United Nations Secretary General?
a) 3 years b) 6 years C) 4 years d) 5 years
61. Who was the only Secretary General or the UNU to have died while in office!
a) U Thant b) Dag Hammarskjold c) Trygve Lie d) Kurt Waldheim
62. Which of the following pairs of country and the purpose for which U.N. Peace Keeping Force Is
maintained is correctly is correctly matched?
a) Cyprus-to maintain peace between the two dominant ethnic groups in the country
b) Mozambique- To supervise referendum
c) El Salvador- to deliver humanitarian aid d) Lebanon- For supervising a 1992 accord
63. The International Court of Justice is located at-
a) Geneva b) Hague C) Amsterdam d) Vienna
64. Which of these is the chief court of the UN?
a) Permanent Court of International Justice (PCII) b) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
c) European Court of Justice (ECJ) d) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
65. “Freedom House means -
a) An organization of American Intellectuals b) An organization of the American Freedom Fighter
c) An organization of American Negro Citizens d) None
66. Which organ of the United Nations has ceased to be operational?
a) Economic and Social Council b) International Court of Justice
c) Trusteeship Council d) Secretariat
67. Which is principal organ of the United Nations that as virtually accomplished its object?
a) The Security Council b) The General Assembly
c) The International Council d) The Trusteeship Council
68. Which of these organizations releases the Annual Corruption Perception Index ranking of countries by
their perceived levels of corruption?
a) Transparency International b) WIPO c) WTO d) World Bank
69. The headquarters of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) are located In which country?
a) France b) Switzerland c) Russia d) Canada
70. International Criminal Court started functioning on
a) 28 June, 1991 b) 1 July, 2002 c) 3 July, 2002 d) 10 October, 1996
71. International Criminal Court Is located in.
a) Netherlands b) Greenwich c) London d) Tokyo
72. The current president of International Criminal Court belong to _?
a) Chile b) South Korea c) Sweden d) Nigeria
73. Who is the current president of International Criminal Couth?
a) Akua Kuenyehia b) Eboe-Osuji c) Robert Frem d) Sang. Hyun Song
74. Who is the current Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court?
a) Tina lntelmann b) Sang-Hyun Song c) Chile Eboe-Osuji d) Herman von Hebel
75. What is the name of the treaty establishing the International Criminal Court?
GK-Lecture-01-06
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 a) The Rome Statute b) The Vienna Convention c) The UN Charter d) Western Europe
76. What was the first State to ratify the Rome Statute?
a) The Netherlands b) Cote d’Ivoire c) Senegal d) Italy
77. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in
a) 1964 b) 1967 c) 1969 d) 1962
78. Headquarter of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development is located in
a) Netherlands b) London c) Geneva d) Tokyo
79. First conference of ‘UNCTAD’ was held at-
a) Netherlands b) London c) Tokyo d) Geneva
80. Headquarter of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Is located In
a) Moscow b) Austria c) Australia d) Geneva

Answer Key of Practice Test

1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. B 1O. B
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C
21.D 22.A 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.B
31.D 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.C 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.C
41.B 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.B 47.B 48.A 49.C 50.D
51.A 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.B 56.D 57.B 58.A 59.B 60.D
61. B 62. A 63. B 64. B 65. A 66. C 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. B
71.A 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.A 76.C 77.A 78.C 79.D 80.D

GK-Lecture-01-06
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 Lecture - 06
Teacher’s Content
 Continents  Capital & Currency
 Oceans  Major Straits of the world
 Most Famous Awards  Games & Sports

Content Discussion
Introduction to the World, Awards, Games & Sports
Continents Capital & Currency
Important Lines and Boundaries Land Locked Country
Major Straits of the world Oceans
Per Capita Income & Poorest Countries in the world Games & Sports
Stock Exchanges in the World Capital & Currency
Most Famous Awards World Famous News Agencies & Newspapers
Introduction to the Continents
Asia
Asia is the world’s largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It’s
a landmass, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia. It shares the
continental landmass with Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres (17,212,000
sq mi), about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long
been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion
people constitutes roughly 60% of the world's population.

Asian Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages

Name Capital Currency Official Language
Afghanistan Kabul Afghani (AFN) Pashto, Dani
Azerbaijan Baku Manat (AZN) Azebaijani
Bahrain Manama Bahraini Dinar (BHD) Arabic
Bangladesh Dhaka Taka (BDT) Bengali
Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN) Dzongkha
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Bruneian Dollar (BND) Bahasa Melayu
Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel (KHR) Khmer
China Beijing Yuan (CNY) Standard Chinese
East Timor Dili US Dollar (LJSD) Portuguese Tetum
India New Delhi Rupee (INR) Hindi, English
Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah (DR) Indonesian
Iran Tehran Rial (IRR) Persian
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar (IQD) Kurdish, Arabic
Israel Jerusalem Israeli New Shekel (ILS) Hebrew, English
Japan Tokyo Yen (JPY) Japanese
Jordan Amman Jordanian Dinar (JOD) Arabic
Kazakhastan Noor Sultan Tenge (KZT) Kazakh, Russian
Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwiti dinar (KWD) Arabic
Kyrgyzatan Bishkek Som (KGS) Kvrgvz, Russian
Laos Vientiane Kip (LAK) Lao
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese Pound (LBP) Arabic -
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit (MYR) Malaysian
Maldives Male Maldivian Ruffiyaa (MVR) Maldivian
Mongolia Ulaanbatar Togriks (MNT) Mongolian
Myanmar Naypyidaw Kyat (MMK) Burmese
Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee (N PR) Nepali
North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won (KPW) Korean
GK-Lecture-01-06
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 Oman Muscat Rial (OMR) Arabic
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee (PKR) Urdu, English
Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Palestine East Jerusalem Israeli New Sheqel (ILS) Arabic
Jordanian Dinar (JOD)
Philippine Manila Philippine Peso (PHP) Filipino, English
Qatar Doha Riyal (QAR) Arabic
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi Riyal (SAR) Arabic
Englih, Chinese,
Singapore Singpore Singapore dollar (SGD)
Malay, Tamil
South Korea Seoul South Korean won (KRW) Korean
Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR) Sinhala, Tamil
Syria Damascus Syrian Pound (SYP) Arabic
Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni (TJS) Tajik
Thailand Bangkok Baht (THB) Thai
Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira (TRY) Turkish
Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmen new manat (TMT) Turmen
UAE Abu Dhabi UAE dirham (AED) Arabic
Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan Som (UZS) Uzbek
Vietnam Hanoi dong (VND) Vietnamese
Yemen Sana’a Yemini Rial (YER) Arabic

Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3
million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20%
of its land area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.
African Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages
Country Capital Currency Language
Algeria Agiers Algerian dinar (DZD) Arabic
Angola Luanda Kwanza (AOA) Portuguese
Benin Porto-Novo West African CFA franc (XOF) French
Botswana Gaborone Pula(BWP) English, Setswana
Burkina Faso Ouagadougou West African CFA franc (XOF) French
Burundi Bujumbura Burundian franc (BIF) Kirundi, French
Cameroon Yaoundé Central African franc (XAF) French, English
Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) Portuguese
Central African
Bangui Central African CFA franc (XAF) French, Sango
Republic
Chad N’Djamena Central African CFA franc (XAF) French, Arabic
Comoros Moroni Comorian franc (KMF) Arabic, French
Ivory Coast Abidjan West African CFA franc (XOF) French
Congo Kinshasa Congolese franc (CDF) French
Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF) French, Arabic
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound (EGP) Arabic
Equatorial
Malabo Central African CFA franc (XAF) Spanish, French, Portuguese
Guinea
Eritrea Asmara Eritrean nakfa (ERN) Tigrinya, Arabic
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian birr (ETB) Amharic
Gabon Libreville Central African CFA franc (XAF) French
Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi (GMD) English
Ghana Accra Ghana cedi (GHS) English
Guinea Conakry Guinean franc (GNF) French
Guinea-Bissau Bissau West African CFA franc (XOF) Portuguese
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling(KES) Swahili, English
Lesotho Maseru Lesotho loti (LSL) English, Sesotho
Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar (LRD) English
Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar (LYD) Arabic
Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy ariary (MGA) Malagasy, French
Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha(D) (MWK) English, Chichewa
Mali Bamako West African CFA franc (XOF) French
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81
 Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya (MRO) Arabic
Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham (MAD) Arabic, Berber
Mozambique Maputo Mozambican metical (MZN) Portuguese
Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar (NAD) English
Niger Niamey West African CFA franc (XOF) French
Nigeria Abuja Naira (NGN) English
Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc (RWF) English, French
Sao Tome and
São Tomé Dobra (STD) Portuguese
Principe
Senegal Dakar CFA franc (XOF) French
Seychellois Creole, French,
Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee (SCR)
English
Sierra Leone Freetown Leone (SLL) English
Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling (SOS) Somali,Arabic
Somaliland Hargeisa Somaliland shillinga (SLSH) Somali,Arabic
Pretoria, Cape Town, Afrikaans, English, Sotho,
South Africa South African rand (ZAR)
Bloemfontein Swazi, Zulu
South Sudan Juba South Sudanese pound (SSP) English
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound (SDG) Arabic, English
Swaziland Lobamba Swazi Lilangeni (SZL) English, Swati
Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzanian shilling (TZS) Swahili, English
Togo Lomé CFA franc (XOF) French
Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar (TND) Arabic
Uganda Kampala Ugandan shilling (UGX) Swahili, Luganda
Zambia Lusaka Zambian kwacha (ZMW) English
United States Dollar, Euro,
Zimbabwe Harare English, Shona, Sindebele
Botswana pula etc.

Europe
Europe is a landmass, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, located
entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of
Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa. It is bordered by the Arctic
Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east.
European Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages
Country Capital Currency Language
Armenia Yerevan Dram (AMD) Armenian
Albania Tirana Lek [ALL] Albanian
Andorra Andorra la vella Euro [EURO] Catalan
Austria Vienna Euro [EURO] German, Hungarian
Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble [BYR] Belgarusian, Russan
Belgium Brussls Euro [EUR] Dutch, French
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Convertible mark [BAM] Bonsanian, Serbian
Bulgaria Sofia Lev [BGN] Bulgarian
Croatia Zagreb Kuna [HRK] Croatian
Cyprus Nicosia Euro (EUR) Greek Turkish
Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna [CZK] Cazech
Denmark Copenhagen Danish krone [DKK] Danish
Estonia Tallinn Euro [EUR] Estonian
Finland Helsinki Euro [EUR] Finnsh, Swedish
France Paris Euro [EUR] French
Georgia Tbilisi Lari (GEL) Georgian
Germany Berlin Euro [EUR] German
Greece Athenes Euro [EUR] Greek
Hungary Budapest Forint [HUF] Hungarian
Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic krona [ISK] Icelandic
Ireland Dublin Euro [EUR] Irish, English
Itlay Rome Euro [EUR] Italian
Kosovo Pristina Euro [EUR]
Latvia Ryga Euro [EUR] Latvian
Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc [CHF] German
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 Lithuania Vilnius Euro [EUR] Lithuanian
Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro [EUR] French, German
Macedonia Skopje Macedonian denar [MKD] Macedonian, Albanian
Malta Valltta Euro [EUR] Maltese
Moldova Chisinau Maldovan leu [MDL] Moldavan
Monaco Monaco Euro [EUR] French
Montenegro Podgorica Euro [EUR] Serbo croatian
Netherlands Amsterdam Euro [EUR] Dutch
Norway Oslo Norwegian krone [NOK] Norwegian
Poland Warsaw Zloty [PLN] Polish
Portugal Lisbon Euro [EUR] Portuguese
Romania Bucharest Romanian leu [RON] Romanian
San Marino San marino Euro [EUR] Italian
Serbia Belgrade Serbian dinar [RSD] Serbian
Slovakia Bratislava Euro [EUR] Slovak
Slovenia Ljubljana Euro [EUR] Slovanian
Spain Madrid Euro [EUR] Spanish
Sweden Stickholm Swedish krona [SEK] Swedish
Switzerland Bern Swiss franc German, French, Italian
Ukraine Kiev Ukrainian hryvina [UAH] Ukrainian
United kingdom London Pound sterling [GBP] English
Vantican city Vantican city Euro [EUR] Latin, Italian

North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is
bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and
the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Its population was estimated at nearly 579 million
people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population.
North American Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages
Name Capital Currency (Code) Language
Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean dollar(XCD) English
Antigua and Barbuda St. John’s East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar (BSD) English
Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian dollar (BBD) English
Belize Belmopan Belize dollar (BZD) English
Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian dollarc (BMD) English
Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar (CAD) English
Cayman Islands George Town Cayman Islands dollar (KYD) English
Costa Rica San José Costa Rican colon (CRC) Spanish
Cuba Havana Peso (CUP) Spanish
Dominica Roseau East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican peso (DOP) Spanish
El Salvador San Salvador United States dollara (USD) Spanish
Grenada St. George’s East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemalan quetzal (GTQ) Spanish
Haiti Port-au-Prince Haitian gourde (HTG) French
Honduras Tegucigalpa Honduran lempira (HNL) Spanish
Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar (JMD) English
Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso (MXN) Spanish
Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan cordoba (NIO) Spanish
Panama Panama City United States dollar (USD) Spanish
Puerto Rico San Juan United States Dollar (USD) English
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Kingstown East Caribbean dollar (XCD) English
Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain Tri. & Tob. dollar (TTD) English
United States Washington, D.C. United States Dollar (USD) English
South America
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South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North
America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states.

South American Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages

Name Capital Currency (Code) Official language
Argentina Buenos Aires Peso (ARS) Spanish
Bolivia Sucre Boliviano (BOB) Spanish
Brazil Brasília Real (BRL) Portuguese
Chile Santiago Peso (CLP) Spanish
Colombia Bogotá Peso (COP) Spanish
Ecuador Quito United States dollar (USD) Spanish
Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar (GYD) English
Paraguay Asunción Guaraní (PYG) Spanish, Guaraní
Peru Lima Nuevo sol (PEN) Spanish
Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar (SRD) Dutch
Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso (UYU) Spanish
Venezuela Caracas Bolívar fuerte (VEF) Spanish
Oceania
Oceania is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the
Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903
sq mi) and a population of over 41 million.
Oceanian Countries, Capitals, Currencies & Official Languages
Name Capital Currency (Code) Official language
Australia Canberra Australian dollar (AUD) English
Fiji Suva Fijian dollar English, Fijian, Hindi
Kiribati South Tarawa Kiribati dollar English, Gilbertese
Marshall Islands Majuro United States dollar (USD) English, Marshallese
Micronesia Palikir United States dollar (USD) English
Nauru Yaren Australian Dollar Nauruan, English
New Zeland Wellington New Zealand Dollar Maori , English, NZ Sign
Palau Ngerulmud United States dollar (USD) English, Palauan
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Papua New Guinean Kina English, Hiri Motu, PNG Sign
Samoa Apia WS$ Tala (WST) English, Samoan
Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon Islands dollar (SBD) English
Tonga Nuku’alofa Tongan pa’anga English, Tongan
Tuvalu Funafuti Australian Dollar English, Tuvaluan
Vanuatu Port Vila Vanuatu vatu l3islama, French, English
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southern most and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic
Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest
continent, being nearly twice the size of Australia and larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 sq km
(5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by ice, with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2mi). Antarctica is on
average the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation.
Continents by Area from Largest to Smallest
Total Area Largest
Continents Total Area (sq.km) Smallest Country
(sq. ml) Country
Asia 44,579,000 17,212,000 China Maldives
Africa 30,370,000 11,730,000 Algeria Seychelles
North America 24,809,000 9,540,000 Canada Saint kits & Nevis
South America 17,840,000 6,890,000 Brazil Suriname
Antarctica 14,000,000 5,400,000 - -
Europe 10,180,000 3,930,000 Russia Vatican City
Oceania 8,600,000 3,300,000 Australia Nauru
The Extremes of the Continents
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 Elevation Elevation
Continent Highest Point Location Lowest Point Location
in Meter in Meter
Israel & -
Asia Mt. Everest 8,848 Nepal Dead Sea -427
Jordan
Africa Mt Kilimanjaro 5,895 Tanzania Lake Assal -155 Djibouti
North Alaska, California
Mt. Mckinley 6,198 Death Valley -86
America USA (USA)
South Laguna del
Aconcagua 6,970 Argentina -105 Argentina
America Carbon
In the Russia
Europe Mt. Elbrus 5,642 Russia Caspian Sea -28
part
Australia Puncak Jaya 4,884 Indonesia Lake Eyre -15 Australia
Deep Lake,
Antarctica Vinson Massif 4,892 Antarctica -50 Antarctica
Vestfold Hills
The Top Smallest Countries of the World
Country Area (sq. km) Population Location
Vatican City 0.44 825 Italy (Europe)
Monaco 2.02 39,244 France (Europe)
Nauru 21 10,834 Pacific Ocean
Tuvalu 26 11,792 Pacific Ocean
San Marino 61 33,938 Italy (Europe)
Liechtenstein 160 38,137 Europe
Marshall Islands 181 59,194 PacifIc Ocean
Old Names of Countries
Present Name Old Name Present Name Old Name
Ethiopia Abyssinia Libya Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
Czech Republic and Bohemia, Moravia, Algeria Numidia
Slovakia Czechoslovakia Taiwan Formosa
Sri Lanka Ceylon Mali Sudanese Republic
Iran Persia France Gaul
Iraq Mesopotamia Central African Republic,
French Equatorial Africa
Burkina Faso Upper Volta Chad
Zimbabwe Southern Rhodesia Rwanda and Burundi German East Africa
Zambia Northern Rhodesia China Cathay
Thailand Siam China Mangi
Zanzibar and German Vietnam Cochin-China
Tanzania
East Africa Moldova Moldavia
D. Republic of Congo Zaire Myanmar Burma
Korea Cho son Cambodia Kampuchea
Namibia South-West Africa Tokyo Edo
Old Names of Cities
Present Name Old Name Country
Ankara Angora Turkey
Istanbul Constantinople Turkey
Beijing Peking China
Ho Chi Minh City Saigon Vietnam
St. Petersburg Petrograd and Leningrad Russia
Jakarta Batavia Indonesia
Harare Salisbury Zimbabwe
Volgograd Stalingrad Russia
Yangon Rangoon Myanmar
Oslo Kristania Norway
Nicknames of Countries
Nickname Country Nickname Country
Sugar bowl of the world Cuba Land of the rising sun Japan
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 Land of golden fleece Australia Cockpit of Europe Belgium
Gift of the Nile Egypt Land of thunderbolt Bhutan
Land of thousand lakes Finland Land of the morning calm South Korea
Land of white elephants Thailand Hermit Kingdom North Korea
Land of the midnight sun Norway Land of golden pagoda Myanmar
Playground of Europe Switzerland Rainbow Nation South Africa
Parliaments in the World
In any democratic form of government the supreme legislative body is called as Parliament. It is also the executive
governing body of the country. Parliament, Congress, National Assembly etc. are the common names used to
represent this legislative body.
Countries Parliament Countries Parliament
Afghanistan Shora Iraq National Assembly
Albania People’s Assembly Ireland Oireachtas
Algeria National People’s Assembly Israel The Knesset
Andorra General Council Italy Chamber of Deputies & Senate
Angola National People’s Assembly Japan Diet
Argentina National Congress Jordan National Assembly
Australia Federal Parliament North Korea Supreme People’s Assembly
Austria National Assembly South Korea National Assembly
Azerbaijan Melli Majlis Kuwait National Assembly
Bahamas General Assembly Labanon National Assembly
Bahrain Consultative Council Laos People’s Supreme Assembly
Bangladesh Jatia Parliament Lativa Saeima
Belize National Assembly Lesotho National Assembly And Senate
Bhutan Tsogdu Libya General People’s Congress
Bolivia National Congress Lithuania Seimas
Botswana National Assembly Luxembourg Chamber Of Deputies
Brazil National Congress Madagascar National People’s Assembly
Parliament (House of Commons & Federal Council And House of
Britain Ethiopia
House of Lords) Representative
Brunei National Assembly Malaysia Majilis
Bulgaria Narodno Sabranie Maldives Majilis
Cambodia National Assembly Mongolia Great People’s Khural
Canada Parliament Montenegro Federal Assembly
China National People’s Assembly Mozambique People’s Assembly
Colombia Congress Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw
Comoros Legislative Council & Senate Nepal Federal Parliament of Nepal
Congo National Assembly Of People’s
Rep. of National Legislative Council Cuba
Democratic Power
Costa Rice Legislative Council And Senate New Zealand Parliament
Crotia Sabor Norway Storting
Papua New
Fiji Islands Senate & House of Representative National Parliament
Guinea
Denmark Folketing Pakistan National Assembly & Senate
East Timor Constituent Assembly Oman Monarchy
Ecuador National Congress Paraguay Senate & Chamber Of Deputies
Egypt People’s Assembly Philippines The Congress
El Salvador Legislative Assembly Poland Sejm
Magnolia Khural Romania Great National Assembly
Netherlands States-General Russia Duma & Federal Council
Finland Eduskusta (Parliament) Saudi Arabia Majlis Al Shura
France National Assembly South Africa Parliament
Germany Bundestag Spain Crotes
Great Britain Parliament Taiwan Yuan
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 Greece Chamber Of Deputies Turkey Grand National Assembly
Guyana National Assembly Uruguay Genral Assembly
Hungary National Assembly USA Congress
Iceland Althing Uzbekistan Oliy Majlis
India Sansad Vietnam National Assembly
Indonesia People’s Consultative Assembly Zambia National Assembly
Iran Majlis Zimbabwe Parliament

Oceans of the World

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.9% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of
Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally
divided. Separate names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: Pacific (the largest), Atlantic, Indian,
Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic (the smallest). Seawater covers approximately 361,000,000 sq km (139,000,000 sq
mi) of the planet. The ocean is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, and therefore integral to life on Earth.
Acting as a huge heat reservoir, the ocean influences climate and weather patterns, the carbon cycle, and the water
cycle.
The Pacific ocean is the largest ocean. The pacific ocean spreads over one-third of the earth. Mariana Trench, is
considered as the deepest part of the earth, lies in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is almost circular in shape.
The continents Asia, Australia, North and South Americas surround it. Arctic Ocean is the smallest among all the five
oceans.

Ocean Location Area Avg. depth Deepest Point

(km2) (meter) (meter in deep)
Pacific Between Asia, Australasia and the 168,723,000 3,970 Mariana Trench
Ocean Americas (46.6%) 10,994 meter
Atlantic Between the Americas, Europe and 85,133,000 3,646 Puetro Rico Trench
Ocean Africa (23.5%) 8,648 meter
Indian Between southern Asia, Africa and 70,560,000 3,741 Diamantina Trench
Ocean Australia (19.5%) 8,047 meter
Southern Between Antarctica, the Pacific, 21,960,000 3,270 South Sandwich Trench
Ocean Atlantic and Indian oceans (6.1%) 7,236 meter
Arctic Between northern North America and 15,558,000 1,205 Eurasian Basin
Ocean Eurasia in the Arctic (4.3%) 5,450 meter

Major Seas of the World

Sea Area (sq. km) Location
Arabian Sea 3,862,000 Indian Ocean
South China Sea 3,500,000 Pacific Ocean
Caribbean Sea 2,754,000 Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea 2,500,000 Atlantic Ocean
Bay of Bengal 2,172,000 Indian Ocean
Bering Sea 2,000,000 Pacific Ocean
Sea of Okhotsk 1,583,000 Pacific Ocean
Gulf of Mexico 1,550,000 Atlantic Ocean
East China Sea 1,249,000 Pacific Ocean
Hudson Bay 1,230,000 Atlantic Ocean
Sea of Japan 977,980 Pacific Ocean
Major Lakes of the World
Sea Area (sq. km) Location
Caspian Sea 436,000 Asia
Lake Superior 82,100 North America
Lake Victoria 68,870 Africa
Lake Huron 59,600 North America
Lake Michigan 58,000 North America
Lake Tanganyika 32,600 Africa
Lake Baikal 31,500 Russia
Great Bear Lake 31,000 Canada
Malawi 29,500 Africa
Great Slave Lake 27,000 Canada

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 Major Straits of the World
Strait Connects Separates
Bab-el-Mandeb Red Sea to Gulf of Aden Yamen (Asia) from Djibouti & Eritrea (Africa)
Bass strait Pacific Ocean to Pacific Ocean Tasmania from the Australian mainland
Bering Strait Bering Sea to Chukchi Sea Russia from Alaska (USA)
Bosphorus Strait Black Sea to Sea of Marmara Asian Turkey from European Turkey
Cook Strait Pacific Ocean to Tasman Sea North from South Islands of New Zealand
Davis strait Baffin Bay to Atlantic Ocean Greenland from Nunavut (Canada)
Denmark strait Atlantic Ocean Iceland from Greenland
Dover strait English Channel & North Sea England from France
English Channel North Sea & Atlantic Ocean England from France
Florida Strait Gulf of Mexico to Atlantic Ocean Florida (USA) from Cuba
Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean
Gibraltar Strait Spain (Europe) from Morocco (Africa)
Sea
Hormuz strait Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf UAE & Oman from Iran
Hudson strait Atlantic Ocean to Hudson Bay Baffin Island from Quebec (in Canada)
Mainland South America from north and Tierra del
Magellan strait Pacific Ocean to Atlantic Ocean
Fuego to the south (South America)
Malacca Strait South China Sea to Andaman Sea Malay Peninsula from Indonesian island
Palk Strait Bay of Bengal to Gulf of Mannar India from Sri Lanka
Sunda Strait Indian Ocean to Java Sea Islands of Java from Sumatra (Indonesia)
Torres Strait Arafura Sea to Coral Sea Australia from Papua New Guinea
Tsugaru Strait Sea of Japan to Pacific Ocean Honshu from Hokkaido (Japan)
Yucatan Strait Gulf of Mexico to Caribbean Sea Mexico from Cuba
Island of Little Andaman from Car Nicobar Island (of
100 Channel Bay of Bengal to Andaman Sea
India)

Major Rivers of the World

River Length (KM) Ending Point Location
Nile 6,650 Mediterranean Sea Africa
Amazon 6,400 Atlantic Ocean South America
Yangtze 6,300 East China Sea China
Mississippi–Missouri 6,275 Gulf of Mexico USA
Yenisei–Angara– Selenge 5,539 Kara Sea Russia
Yellow River (Huang He) 5,464 Bohai Sea China
Ob–Irtysh 5,410 Gulf of Ob Asia
Paraná – Río de la Plata 4,880 Atlantic Ocean South America
Congo–Chambeshi (Zaïre) 4,700 Atlantic Ocean Africa
Amur–Argun 4,444 Sea of Okhotsk Asia
Major Waterfalls of the World
A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls
also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf.
Waterfalls Height (Meters) Location On (River)
Angel Falls 979 Venezuela Churun River
Tugela Falls 948 South Africa Tugela River
Tres Hermanas Falls 914 Peru N/A
Olo'upena Falls 900 Hawaii (USA) N/A
Yumbilla Falls 896 Peru N/A
Major Waterfalls (Based on Flow Rate) of the World
Waterfalls Mean annual flow River Location
rate (m/s)
Boyoma Falls 17,000 Lualaba Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Guaíra Falls 13,300 Parana Paraguay & Brazil
Khone Phapheng Falls 11,610 Mekong Laos
Niagara Falls 2,407 Niagara Canada
Iguazú Falls 1,746 Iguazu Argentina & Brazil
Victoria 1,088 Zambezi Zambia & Zimbabwe

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 Landlocked Countries of the World
A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on
endorheic basins. There are currently 45 landlocked countries and 5 partially recognized landlocked states.
Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country.
Country Continent Country Continent Country Continent
Mongolia Asia Belarus Europe Botswana Africa
Bhutan Asia Hungary Europe Burkina Faso Africa
Nepal Asia Kosovo Europe Burundi Africa
Afghanistan Asia Luxembourg Europe Malawi Africa
Azerbaijan Asia North Macedonia Europe Chad Africa
Kazakhstan Asia Czech Republic Europe Ethiopia Africa
Kyrgyzstan Asia Serbia Europe Lesotho Africa
Tajikistan Asia Slovakia Europe Central African
Africa
Turkmenistan Asia Switzerland Europe Republic
Uzbekistan Asia Liechtenstein Europe Mali Africa
Laos Asia Moldova Europe Niger Africa
Bolivia South America Vatican City Europe Rwanda Africa
Paraguay South America San Marino Europe South Sudan Africa
Andorra Europe Uganda Africa Swaziland Africa
Armenia Europe Zambia Africa
Austria Europe Zimbabwe Africa
Important International Borders & Lines
Border/Line Countries
Marginal Line 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border
Line of Actual Control India & China on the Northern Border
Line of Control India and Pakistan
Durand Line Afghanistan and Pakistan
Radcliffe Line India and Pakistan (its includes Bangladesh Line)
Blue Line Isreal & Lebanon
Purple Line Israel and Syria
Green Line Israel and its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria)
Mason–Dixon line Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware in Colonial America
Curzon Line Poland & Russia
Military Demarcation Line North Korea and South Korea
McMohan Line India & China
Maginot Line France & Germany
Mannar haime line Russia & Finland
Order Neisse Line Germany & Poland (aftermath of World War II)
Hindenburg Line Poland & Germany (at the time of First World War)
Sigfried Line East France & Germany (at the time ofsecond world war)
16 Parallel North Angola and Namibia
17th Parallel Line North & South Vietnam
20 Parallel North Libya & Sudan
22 Parallel North Egypt & Sudan
25 Parallel North Mauritania & Mali
26 Parallel North Western Sahara & Mauritania
31 Parallel North Iraq & Iran
38 Parallel North Line North & South Korea
40 Parallel North US it serves as border b/w Nebraska &Kansas
42 Parallel North US it serves as border of new york & Pennsylvania Border
43 Parallel North US it serves as border of b/w State Nebraska &state of south Dakota
45 Parallel North US it forms the boundary b/w Montana & wyoming
49 Parallel North USA & Canada
World Economy
The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans of the world, referring to the global economic
system, which includes all economic activities which are conducted both within and between nations, including
production, consumption, economic management, work in general, exchange of financial values and trade of goods
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and services. Until the middle of the 19th century, global output was dominated by China and India. Waves of the
Industrial Revolution in Western Europe and Northern America shifted the shares to the Western Hemisphere.
Top 10 Highest GDP Per Capita Income Countries in Asia
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita shows a country's GDP divided by its total population. The table below lists
countries in the world ranked by GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita, along with the Nominal GDP per capita.
GDP Per Capiuta GDP Per Capiuta
Country Country
(USD) (USD)
1. Singapore 1,31,580 6. Hong kong 70,448
2. Qatar 1,12,789 7. Taiwan 68,729
3. Macao 85,611 8. Bahrain 57,424
4. United Arab Emirates 78,255 9. Saudi Arab 55,367
5. Brunei 74,952 10. South Korea 53,050
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), August, 2022
Top 10 Highest GDP Per Capita Income Countries in Africa & Europe
Per Capita Income Countries in Africa Per Capita Income Countries in Europe
GDP (PPP) per GDP (PPP) per
Rank Country Country
capita (USD) capita (USD)
01 Seychelles 35,272 Ukraine 4,836
02 Mauritius 25,043 Kosovo 4,987
03 Equatorial Guinea 19,036 Moldova 5,315
04 Botswana 19,286 Albania 6,494
05 Libya 18,345 North Macedonia 6,721
06 Gabon 17,848 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6,916
07 South Africa 15,361 Belarus 7,304
08 Egypt 14,927 Serbia 9,215
09 Algeria 13,002 Montenegro 9,367
10 Tunisia 12,299 Bulgaria 11,635
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), August, 2022
Top 10 Countries with the Lowest GDP per Capita
Rank Country GDP Per Capita (USD)
01 Burundi 855
02 South Sudan 927
03 Central African Republic 1,101
04 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,315
05 Somalia 1,321
06 Niger 1,434
07 Mozambique 1,438
08 Malawi 1,602
09 Chad 1,704
10 Madagascar 1,777
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), August, 2022
To 10 Highest GDP Per Capita Income Countries in the World
Rank Country Continent GDP Per Capita
01 Luxembourg Europe 1,40,694
02 Singapore Asia 1,31,580
03 Ireland Europe 1,24,596
04 Qatar Asia 1,12,789
05 Macao Asia 85,611
06 Switzerland Europe 84,658
07 United Arab Emirates Asia 78,255
08 Norway Europe 77,808
09 United States of America North America 76,027
10 Brunei Asia 74,952
Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF), August, 2022
The Richest Countries in the World based on GDP (Nominal & PPP)
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 Based on GDP (Nominal) Based on GDP (PPP)
Rank
Country Economy (USD) Country Economy (USD)
01 United States 25.35 trillion China 30.17 trillion
02 China 19.91 trillion United States 25.35 trillion
03 Japan 5.40 trillion India 11.74 trillion
04 Germany 4.55 trillion Japan 6.11 trillion
05 United Kingdom 3.19 trillion Germany 5.27 trillion
06 India 3.18 trillion Russia 4.49 trillion
07 France 3.06 trillion Indonesia 4.00 trillion
08 Italy 2.06 trillion United Kingdom 3.75 trillion
09 Canada 1.99 trillion Brazil 3.68 trillion
10 South Korea 1.80 trillion France 3.68 trillion
Source: World Bank, 2022
Major Stock Exchanges in the World
Stock Exchange also called as a Stock Market or a Share Market is a market for the purchase and sale of industrial and
financial security. It is a place where trading in securities is conducted as per rules and regulations. It also, performs
various functions and offers useful service to investors and borrowing companies. The oldest stock exchange in the
world is the London stock exchange. While, Dhaka stock exchange (established in 1954) is the oldest in Bangladesh.

Rank Stock exchange Region Market place

01 New York Stock Exchange United States New York City
02 Nasdaq United States New York City
03 Shanghai Stock Exchange China Shanghai
Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin,
04 Euronext Europe
Lisbon, Milan, Oslo & Paris
05 Shenzhen Stock Exchange China Shenzhen
06 Japan Exchange Group Japan Tokyo
07 Hong Kong Stock Exchange Hong Kong Hong Kong
08 Bombay Stock Exchange India Mumbai
09 National Stock Exchange India Mumbai
10 London Stock Exchange United Kingdom London
11 Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) Saudi Arabia Riyadh
12 Toronto Stock Exchange Canada Toronto
13 SIX Swiss Exchange Switzerland Zurich
14 Deutsche Börse AG Germany Frankfurt
15 Nasdaq Nordic and Baltic Exchanges Europe Stockholm, Sweden
16 Korea Exchange South Korea Seoul Busan
17 Australian Securities Exchange Australia Sydney
18 Taiwan Stock Exchange Taiwan Taipei
19 Johannesburg Stock Exchange South Africa Johannesburg
20 Tehran Stock Exchange Iran Tehran
21 B3 Brasil Bolsa Balcão Brazil São Paulo
World Famous News Agencies & Newspapers
A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as
newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. Although there are many news agencies around the
world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in
most countries of the world and cover all areas of information.
Agence France-Presse (or AFP), founded in 1835, is the oldest news agency of the world. In 1851 Reuters was
founded in England. With the advent of communism in Russia, Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (or TASS) was
founded in 1925. Xinhua was later founded as Red China News Services in the Chinese Soviet Republic.
Country News Agency
USA Associated Press(AP), United Press International (UP)
UK Reuters
Russia Telegraph Agency of the Sovereign States (TASS), Novosti
Malaysia Malaysian National News Agency (MNNA)

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 Italy Inter Press Service, Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associate (ANSA)
Israel Associated Israel Press (AIP)
France Agence France Presse (AFP)
India Press Trust of India (PTI), United News of India (UNI), Samachar Bharti
China Hin Hua
Japan Kyodo
Indonesia Antara
Saudi Arab Saudi Press Agency (SPA)
Iran Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA)
Germany Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA)
Palestine WAFA
Australia Australian Associated Press
Pakistan Pakistan Press International (PPI), Associated Press of Pakistan(APP)
Egypt Middle East News Agency (MENA)

List of World’s Famous News Papers-

Name Country Name Country
Asahi Shimbun Japan The Wall Street Journal U.S.A.
Yomiuri Shimbun Japan The New York Times U.S.A.
The Sun U.K. Washington Post U.S.A.
Daily Mirror U.K. Daily News U.S.A.
Daily Mail U.K. La Repubblica Italy
The Guardian U.K. Al-Ahram Egypt
Dawn Pakistan Reference News China
Bild Germany People’s Daily China
Quest France Zaman Turkey
El Mundo Spain The Times Of India India
Most Famous Awards
The Nobel Prizes
The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who,
during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist,
engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he
bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel
Prizes." Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, beginning in
1969. At present the Nobel Prizes are awarded in six separate fields such as chemistry, physics, literature, medicine,
economics and peace.
Note: Please see the latest Nobel Prizes Award
The Booker Prize
The Booker Prize, formerly known as the Booker Prize for Fiction (1969–2001) and the Man Booker Prize (2002–
2019), at present it’s known as `The Booker Prize’, is a literary prize awarded each year for the best novel written in
English and published in the United Kingdom or Ireland. The winner of the Booker Prize receives international
publicity which usually leads to a sales boost. When the prize was first created, only novels written by
Commonwealth, Irish, and South African (and later Zimbabwean) citizens were eligible to receive the prize; in 2014 it
was widened to any English-language novel—a change that proved controversial.
Year Author Book Genre Country
2015 Marlon James A Brief History of Seven Killings Historical novel Jamaica
2016 Paul Beatty The Sellout Satirical novel United States
2017 George Saunders Lincoln in the Bardo Historical novel United States
2018 Anna Burns Milkman Novel UK
Margaret Atwood The Testaments Novel Canada
2019
Bernardine Evaristo Girl, Woman, Other Historical novel UK
2020 Douglas Stuart Shuggie Bain Novel UK
2021 Damon Galgut The Promise Novel South Africa
Note: Please see the latest Booker Prize Award
The Academy Award
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Perhaps the most well-known award in American cinema, the Oscars are handed out every year to actors, directors,
producers and film professionals who worked on the previous year’s best films. The Academy Awards ceremony was
inaugurated in 1929.
94th Academy Award-2022
Section Name Feature
Best Picture CODA Producers: Philippe Rousselet, Fabrice
Gianfermi and Patrick Wachsberger
Best Director Jane Campion Movie: The Power of the Dog
Best Actor Will Smith Movie: King Richard
Best Actress Jessica Chastain Movie: The Eyes of Tammy Faye
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Movie: CODA
Best Supporting Actress Ariana DeBose Movie: West Side Story
Best Animated Feature Film Encanto -
Best International Feature Film Drive My Car; (Japan) in Japanese
Note: Please see the latest Academy Award

The Pulitzer Prize

America’s premier prize in journalism, literature and musical composition, Pulitzer Prizes are awarded yearly in 21
categories. In addition to receiving a certificate and medal, winners also receive a $10,000 prize. These prizes have
been awarded since 1917. In recent years, categories have been expanded to include online journalism.
Note: Please see the latest Pulitzer Prize Award

Games & Sports

Natinal Sports in the World
Country National Sport Country National Sport
Afghanistan Buzkashi Indonesia Badminton
Argentina Pato Japan Sumo
Australia Cricket/Australian Rules Football Pakistan Hockey
Bangladesh Kabaddi Russia Bandy/Chess
Bhutan Archery Sri Lanka Volleyball
Brazil Capoeira United Kingdom Cricket
Canada Lacrosse (summer), Ice hockey (winter) United States Baseball
India Hockey
The Federation of Internationale Football Association (FIFA)
Founded : 21 May 1904 (Paris, France)
Headquarters : Zurich, Switzerland Official
Languages : English, French, German, Spanish
Membership : 211 national associations (Bangladesh 1940)
Bangladesh Membership : 1974
Motto : For the Game, For the World
First President : Robert Guerin
President : Gianni Infantino (9th) since 26 February 2016
Secretary General : Fatma Samoura

FIFA World Cup Winners

Out of the 21, World Cup tournaments for Men’s FIFA World Cup have been won by eight different nations. The
table below highlights the List of FIFA World Cup Winners in Men’s football Tournament from the year 1930 to
2018.
FIFA World Cup Winners [1930-2022]
Year Host Nations Winner Countries Runner Up Countries
1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina
1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia
1938 France Italy Hungary
1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil
1954 Switzerland West Germany Hungary
GK-Lecture-01-06
93
 1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden
1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia
1966 England England West Germany
1970 Mexico Brazil Italy
1974 West Germany West Germany Netherlands
1978 Argentina Argentina Netherlands
1982 Spain Italy West Germany
1986 Mexico Argentina West Germany
1990 Italy West Germany Argentina
1994 USA Brazil Italy
1998 France France Brazil
2002 South Korea/Japan Brazil Germany
2006 Germany Italy France
2010 South Africa Spain Netherlands
2014 Brazil Germany Argentina
2018 Russia France Croatia
2022 Qatar
2026
ICC Cricket World Cup
Cricket World Cup is one of the biggest sports events held across the world and is organised by the International
Cricket Council (ICC) after an interval of every four years. It is a premium One Day International (ODI) Cricket
tournament organised and administered Internationally and also the most prestigious among the various sports played
across the world.
ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup Winners – 50 Overs
Year Winner Runners Up Host Final Venue
1975 West Indies Australia England Lord’s Cricket Ground, London
1979 West Indies England England Lord’s Cricket Ground, London
1983 India West Indies England Lord’s Cricket Ground, London
1987 Australia England India & Pakistan Eden Gardens, Kolkata
1992 Pakistan England Australia & New Melbourne Cricket Ground,
Zealand Melbourne
1996 Sri Lanka Australia India, Pakistan & Sri Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore
Lanka
1999 Australia Pakistan England Lord’s Cricket Ground, London
2003 Australia India Australia Wanderers, Johannesburg
2007 Australia Sri Lanka West Indies Kensington Oval, Bridgetown
2011 India Sri Lanka India Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai
2015 Australia New Zealand Australia Melbourne Cricket Ground
2019 England New Zealand England Lord’s, London
2023 — — India —

T20 World Cup

The first-ever T20 Cricket World Cup was held in India and India won the first-ever 20 overs World Cup in 2007.
Given below is the list of winners and runner ups for the ICC T20 World Cup. ICC World Cup T20 was initially
scheduled for 2020 but due to the pandemic situation was postponed to 2021. Also, due to the bio-bubble restrictions
and COVID protocols, the tournament was held in UAE, instead of India. Australia defeated New Zealand in the ICC
T20 World Cup finals
T20 World Cup Winners List – Men
Year Winner Runners Up Host Finals Venue
2007 India Pakistan South Africa Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
2009 Pakistan Sri Lanka England Lord’s, London
2010 England Australia West Indies Kensington Oval, Bridgetown

GK-Lecture-01-06
94
 2012 West Indies Sri Lanka Sri Lanka R. Premadasa Stadium
2014 Sri Lanka India Bangladesh Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium, Dhaka
2016 West Indies England India Eden Gardens, Kolkata
2021 Australia New Zealand India Dubai International Stadium
2022 — — Australia —

Sports Terminology – Important Sports Terms

Sports Terms Sports Terminology
Relay, Track, Lane, Photo Finish, Hurdles, Shot Put, Discuss Throw, Hammer Throw, High
Athletics
Jump, Triple Jump Cross Country, etc.
Basketball Free throw, Common foul, Underhead, Technical foul, Overhead, etc.
Baseball Pinching, Homerun, Base runner, Perfect game, Throw, Strike, Put out, etc.
Shuttlecock, Service court, Double fault, Fore-hand, Back Hand, Smash, Hit, Drop, Net, Love,
Badminton
etc.
Knock out, Ring Stoppage, Punch, Round, Upper-cut, Kidney punch, Timing, Footwork,
Accidental Butt, Bleeder, Bolo Punch, Bout, Brawler, Break, Buckle, Canvas, Card, Caught
Cold, Clinch, Corkscrew Punch, Cornerman, Counterpunch, Cross, Cutman, Dive, Eight Count,
Boxing
Glass Jaw, Haymaker, Liver Shot, Low Blow, Mauler, Neutral Corner, Plodder, Ring
Generalship, Roughhousing, Southpaw, Spar, Stablemate, Technical Knockout, Walkout Bout,
Whiskers etc.
Bridge Masterpoint, Grand slam, Perfect deals, Dummy, Trump, etc.
Toss, Run, Wicket, Pitch, Stump, Bails, Crease, Pavilion, Gloves, Wicket Keeper, Over, ,
Followon, Rubber, Spin, Ashes, Catch, Bowled, Stump out, Runout, L. B. W; Hit Wicket,
Googley, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Maiden over, Overthrow, Bye, Leg by, Cover
Cricket drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Shot, Pull, Sixer, Follow Through, Turn, Bouncer,
Hattrick, Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Seamer, Boundry line, Slip, Square leg, Runner,
Cover, Yorker, Gully, Long on, Silly point, Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg, Deep/mid-
wicket, etc.
Cycling Sprint, Time trial, Track race, Point race, etc.
Kick, Goal, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Offside, Move, Hattrick, Foul, Left out, Right out,
Football
Stopper, Defender, Side back, Pass, Baseline, Rebound, Comer back, etc.
ace, albatross, double eagle, all square, approach putt, apron, ball mark, ballooning, beach,
Golf birdie, blind shot, bogey, bunker, caddy, chip, Claw grip, condor, dogleg, dub, flag, Four-Ball,
Mulligan, off the deck, peg, sand trap, tee shot etc.
Gymnastics Parallel bar, Horizontal bar, Push up, Floor exercise, Uneven bar, Sit up. etc.
Horse Riding Three-day Event, Dresses, Showjumping, Faults, etc.
Bully, Short corner, Hattrick, Goal, Penalty Corner, Penalty stroke, Pushin, Cut, Scoop,
Hockey Dribble, Centre forward, Halfback, Astroturf, Sudden death, Left in, Left out, Off-side,
Tiebreaker, Carried, Stick, Striking circle, Undercutting, etc.
Judo Cocoa, white, , Blue, Green belt, etc.
Swimming Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly stroke, Lane, Pool, Crawl, etc.
Shooting Rapidfire Pistol, Standard rifle, Free pistol, Air rifle, Range, Bull’s eye, etc.
Service, Grandslam, Deuce, Advantage, Game Point, Breakpoint, Smash, Shot, Break, Grass
Tennis
Court, Drop shot, Netplay, Baseline, etc.
Table Tennis Volley, Late service, Drive spin, Half volley, Backhand, Chop, etc.
Volleyball Spikers, Booster, Deuce, Smash, Sidearm, Penetration, etc.
Wrestling Freestyle, Point, Hal Nelson, Heave, etc.

List of International Sports Cups & Trophies

Cups &Trophies Related Sports Established
American Cup Yacht Racing 1851
The Ashes Test Crickets (England & Australia) 1882
Colombo Cup Football (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka & Myanmar ) 1952
GK-Lecture-01-06
95
 Corbillon Cup World Table Tennis (Women) 1933
Davis Cup Tennis (Men) 1900
Lord Derby Cup Rugby 1934
Billi Jean King Cup Tennis (Women) 1963
Holker Trophy Bridge 1936
Merdeka Cup Football (Asian Cup) 1957
Ryder Cup Golf (Men) 1927
Solheim Cup Golf (Women) 1990
Sudirman Cup Badminton 1989
Swaythling Cup World Table Tennis (Men) 1926
Thomas Cup Badminton (Men) 1949
U. Thant Cup Lawn Tennis –
Uber Cup Badminton (Women) 1957
Yonex Cup Badminton 1946
Walker Cup Golf 1922
Wightman Cup Tennis (Women) 1923
William Jones Cup Basketball 1975
Wimbledon Trophy Tennis 1877

Previous Years’ Questions

01. Professor Amartya Sen is associated with — Combined B Banks (S.O-19)
A) Biochemistry B) Economics C) Electronics D) Geology Ans. B
02. Which Football team stood first in the end-of-the-year FIFA global rankings 2018?
A) Belgium B) France C) Switzerland D) Germany Ans. A
03. The second major language (as per the number of speakers in the world is:
Combined 5 Banks, Officer (Cash-19)
A) English B) Spanish C) Hindi D) Arabic Ans. B
04. Which of the following is the largest and the deepest ocean of the world?
Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-19)
A) Aractic B) Atlantic C) Pacific D) Indian Ans. C
05. Which country is stand on second country in the world according to most roads?
Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash-19)
A) China B) India C) Afghanistan D) South Korea Ans. B
06. World’s biggest solar power plant is situated in? Sonali Bank, Senior Officer (FF- 19)
A) China B) UAE C) Saudi Arabia D) None Ans. A
07. The value of gold is determined in — Sonali Bank Ltd., Senior Officer (FF19)
A) Rome B) Washington C) Russia D) London Ans. D
08. Head office of Coca Cola company is - Sonali Bank Ltd., Senior Officer (FF19)
A) Ney York B) Atlanta C) New jersey D) Florida Ans. B
09. Who was awarded the Golden Glove award from the best goalkeeper at the World Cup 2014?
Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
A) Tim Krul B) Manuel Neuer C) Jolio Cesar D) Sergios Romero Ans. B
10. The standard sea level in millibars is -
A) 1013 mb B) 1060 mb C) 960mb D) 990 mb Ans. A
11. Which country won the first football World Cup? Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
A) Brazil B) Germany C) Argentina D) Uruguay Ans. D
12. Which is the biggest literary award of Britain? Combined 2 banks Officer (IT/ICT-19)
A) David Cohen Award B) Kalinya Award
C) Owen Global Prize D) Golden Bear Award Ans. A
13. In 2018 Women’s Twenty 20 Asia Cup Final, who was awarded the title player of Match?
A) Rumana B) Salma C) Jahan Ara D) Panna Ans. A
14. Panmunjom Declaration is a peace treaty signed between- BB. AD (General-18)
A) North Korea & South Korea B) USA and North Korea _ C) USA and Vietnam D) China and Japan Ans. A
15. The Asian team defeated a Latin American team for the first time in the history of FIFA World Cup is-
BB, AD (Genera)- 18)
A) Saudi Arabia B) South Korea C) UAE D) Japan Ans. D
16. According to Global Firepower Index 2017 the place of India is in- BB. Officer (Gen.-18)
A) 4 B) 7 C) 3 D) 8 Ans. A
17. The host city of the 21 Commonwealth Games-2 008 15- 88, Officer (General-18)
GK-Lecture-01-06
96
 A) Brisbane B) Gold Coast C) Gladstone D) Darwin Ans. B
18. Which of the following countries is planning to create a Space Force by 2020?
3 Govt. Banks & F), Officer (Cash-18)
A) China B) Russia C) India D) United States Ans. D
19. Name the singer who was 18-tie Grammy Award winner, passed away recently.
` 3 Govt. Banks & FL Officer (Cash-18)
A) Aretha Franklin B) Whitney Houston C) Patti LaBelle D) Tina Turner Ans. A
20. The civilian Airport of highest altitude in is- 3 Govt Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) Tebet B) China C) Nepal D) India Ans. B
21. Luanda is the capital of which country? 3 Govt. Banks & F), Officer (Cash-18)
A) Guyana B) Liberia C) Armenia D) Angola Ans. D
22. In which year American Independence was acknowledged by England?
3 Govt Banks & Fl. Officer (Cash-18)
A) 1782 B) 1783 C) 1784 D) 1785 Ans. B
23. Which of the following countries has successfully test-launched its first hypersonic aircraft?
2 Govt. Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) India B) China C) Russia D) United States Ans. B
24. Which of the following countries has recently topped the Global Innovation Index for the eighth
consecutive year in 2018? 2 Govt. Banks & Fl. Officer (Cash-18) ______
A) Switzerland B) Sweden C) Netherlands D) Singapore Ans. A
25. Which of the following has recently hosted the opening ceremony of the 2018 Asian Games?
2 Govt. Banks & Fl. Officer (Cash-18)
A) Vietnam B) India C) Malaysia D) Indonesia Ans. D
26. Which of the following countries does not have a border with Afghanistan?
2 Govt Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) Iran B) Ceorgia C) Turkmenistan D) Uzbekistan Ans. B
27. Which one among the following African countries is not landlocked?
2 Govt. Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) Zambia B) Uganda C) Angola D) Nimbabwe Ans. C
28. The Uber Cup is associated with which sports? 2 Govt Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-iB)
A) Cricket B) Football C) Badminton D) Tennis Ans. C
29. The worlds largest diamond producing country is- 2 Govt. Banks & Fl, Officer (Cash-18)
A) USA B) South Africa C) England D) Russia Ans. D
30. Which one of the following has recently launched reusable rocket to send a communication satellite for
Indonesia into the orbit? 8 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-18)
A) ISRO B) SpaceX C) NASA D) JAXA Ans. B
31. Which of the following city has recently topped the Global Livability Index 2018?
8 Govt. Banks& FI, (S.O-18)
A) Melbourne B) Osaka C) Calgary D) Vienna Ans. D
32. Where is ‘Ground Zero’? 8 Govt Banks & Fl, (Senior OffIcer-18)
A) Greenwich B) Indira Point C) New York D) Shriharikota Ans. C
33. Head office of Coca company is in: 8 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-1B)
A) New York B) Atlanta C) New Jersey D) Florida Ans. B
34. India has largest deposits of in the world. 3 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Senior OffIcer-18)
A) gold B) copper C) mica D) None Ans. C
35. In cricket, a run taken when the ball passes the batsman without touching his bat or body is called-
3 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Senior Officer-iS)
A) leg bye B) bye C) bosie D) drive Ans. B
36. Bangladesh defeated Ireland in the final match of the ICC Women’s World T20 Qualifiers by-
5 Govt. Banks & Fl, (Offlcer-18)
A) 25 runs B) 45 runs C) 75 runs D) 97 runs Ans. A
37. The former name of Switzerland was- 5 Govt Banks & Fl,(Offlcer-i8)
A) Helvetia B) Rhodesia C) Dockland D) Salisbury Ans. A
38. The cave where the 12 young Thai football players got trapped and rescued later recently Is-
A) Tham Phiman B) Tham Lot C) Tham Luan D) Emerald Ans. C
39. The FIFA World Cup 2018 Champion France received an amount of USD-- Million as prize money.
5 Govt Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) 30 B) 35 C) 36 D) 38 Ans. D
40. The gold medal winner from Bangladesh in the 59th International Mathematical Olympiad is-
5 Govt Banks & Fl, (Officer-18)
A) Tamjid Morshed B) Tahnik Noor C) Ahmed Jawad D) Joydeep Saha Ans. C
41. The opening match of 2018 football world cup will take place between- Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd.,
S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
GK-Lecture-01-06
97
 A) Russia and Morocco B) Russia and Egyp C) Russia and Saudi Arabia D) Egypt and Uruguay Ans. C
42. Which country of the world does not have its capital?
Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Monaco B) Nauru C) Tue Vallue D) The Marshal Island Ans. B
43. Which one of the following is not a Scandinavian country?
Sonall Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Sweden B) Spain C) Denmark D) Norway Ans. B
44. The first Bangladeshi to earn Grand Master title is: Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S0. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Niaz Morshed B) Ziaur Rahman C) Rani Hamid D) Quazi Motahar Hossain Ans. A
45. Which of the following country is the highest emitter of C02?
Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Bangladesh B) India C) Pakistan D) China Ans. D
46. The deepest lake in the world in- Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., S.O. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Lake Adelman B) Lake Baikal C) Lake Malawi D) Lake Huron Ans. B
47. In which country did the Mau Mau uprising (1952-60) occur? Sonali Banks & Janata Bank Ltd., SO. (IT/ICT-18)
A) Uganda B) Zambia C) Nigeria D) Kenya Ans. D
48. Which institution in a federal system of government is called Balancing Wheel’ of the Constitution?
Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) Executive B) Legislature C) Judiciary D) None Ans. C
49. According to the SIPRI fact sheet, the third most military spender country in 2017 was-
Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) USA B) China C) Saudi Arabia D) Russia Ans. C
50. In which Aztec civilization was originated? Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) USA B) Greece C) Mexico D) Egypt Ans. C
51. The Bangabandhu Satellite-i was launched by- Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) Falcon 9 Block 5 B) Spacebar C) NASA D) Ariane Ans. A
52. Total matches of the FIFA 2018 World Cup will be- Soriali Bank (Senior Officer-18)
A) 128 B) 64 C) 32 D) 60 Ans. B
53. Scientific discovery is a kind of- Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Officer-18)
A) National property B) Personal property
C) Collective property D) International property Ans. D
54. The term ‘Castling’ is related to- Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Offlcer-18)
A) Baseball B) Tennis C) Chess D) Football Ans. C
55. The winner of the recent WTA tennis open tournament is- Sonali Bank (Senior Officer-18)
A) Elina Svitolina B) Maria Sharapova C) Serena Williams D) Caroline Wozniacki Ans. D
56. The official motto of the 2018 Commonwealth Games was- Sonali Bank Ltd. (Senior Offlcer-18)
A) Share the Dream B) Make the Dream a Reality
C) Dream of Tomorrow D) Share Dreams, Share Sports Ans. C
57. At Cannes Film Festival 2018, the Best Actor honour went to-Sonali Bank Ltd., Officer (Cash. 18)
A) Hirokazu Kore-eda B) Alice Rohrwachei
C) Lukas Dhont D) Marcello Fonte Ans. D
58. The longest mountain range in the world is- Sonali Bank Ltd., (Officer-I8)
A) the Alps B) The Himalayas C) The Andes D) The Rockies Ans. C
59. Who is the promoter of Chinese ‘One Bilt One Road’ initiative? Rupali Bank Ltd. Officer (Cash-18)
A) Xi jinping B) Chiang Kaisak C) Shinzo Abe D) Mao Shetung Ans. A
60. The first player to score 10,000 runs in T20 Cricket is. Rupali Bank, Officer (Cash-18)
A) AB de Villiers B) Chris Gayle C) Virat Kohli D) Tamim lqbal Ans. B
61. Mohammad Bin Salman is the Crown Prince of - (BKB - 2017)
A. UAE B. KSA C. Kuwait D. Qatar Ans. B
62. What is the name of Bordar Security Force of Myanmar? (PBL - 2017)
A. MGB B. Naska C. BGP D. MBP Ans. C
63. Islam Karimov was the president of - (JBL - 2017)
A. Azarbizan B. Tajakistan C. Uzbekistan D. Yurigarin Ans. C
64. The new Capital of the Indian State of Andrapradesh? (JBL - 2017 )
A. Hydrabad B. Kochi C. Bhubaneswar D. Amrabati Ans. A

Practice Test
01. What is the capital of Canada?
A) Ottawa B) Bishhek C) Stockholm D) Khartoum
02. What is the capital of China?
A) Sarajevo B) Brazzaville C) Beijing D) Bissau
03. The Capital of Ukraine is-

GK-Lecture-01-06
98
 A) Tashkent B) Kiev C) Belgrade D) Tbilist
04. What is the currency of Afghanistan?
A) Rupee B) Dinar C) Ruble D) Afghani
05. What is the Capital of Turkey?
A) Anakara B) Istambul C) Saana D) Izmir
06. What is the currency of Bhutan?
A) Colon B) Dollar C) Franc D) Bhutanese ngultrun
07. What is the currency of Azerbaijan?
A) Pula B) Manat C) Dollar D) Franc
08. What is the currency of Canada?
A) Euro B) Franc C) Dollar D) Pound
09. What is the currency of China?
A) Yuan B) Krone C) Kuna D) Franc
10. What is the currency of Germany?
A) Pound B) Peso C) Mark D) Euro
11. What is the name of Malaysian Currency?
A) Dinar B) Ringgit C) Rial D) Rupiah
12. In terms of land area, are the largest continent on the earth is- or
A) Africa B) North America C) Asia D) Europe
13. Which is the smallest country in Asia?
A) Nepal B) Bhutan C) Thailand D) Maldives
14. Second smallest continent of world is
A) Europe B) Antarctica C) North America D) South America
15. After the break up of the Soviet Union which is the largest country in the world in terms of area?
A) China B) Russia C) Canada D) USA E) India

16. Which is the second largest country in the world by area?

A) Canada B) Russia C) China D) USA
17. Continent Europe share its South boundary with
A) Arctic Ocean B) Atlantic Ocean C) Mediterranean Sea D) Ural Mountains
18. Second largest country in continent Europe is
A) Paris B) Rome C) Madrid D) Ukraine
19. Countries whose borders lies both is Asia and Europe continent are
A) Russia and Turkey B) Russia and Afghanistan
C) Kazakhastan and Turkey D) Kazakahstan and Russia
20. Which is smallest state of South America?
A) Suriname B) Guyana C) Netherlands D) Greenland
21. After Australia, which of the following is the smallest Continent?
A) Antarctica B) South America C) North America D) Europe
22. Sea which separates Africa continent from Europe continent is-
A) Baltic Sea B) Black Sea C) Mediterranean Sea D) Red Sea
23. Continent which lies within Western and Northern Hemisphere of globe is-
A) Africa B) North America C) South America D) Asia
24. Which is smallest country of second largest continent Africa?
A) Seychelles B) Sudan C) Nigeria D) Cairo
25. Grenada is situated in the
A) Pacific Ocean B) Indian Ocean D) Caribbean Sea D) Mediterranean Sea
26. Which among the following deserts does not belong to Asia?
A) Arabia B) Gobi C) Sahara D) Thar
27. Which is the largest country in the world?
A) USA B) Canada C) Russia D) China
28. Which is the smallest country in the world by area?
A) Monaco B) Maldives C) Vatican City D) Samoa
29. The country which ranks second in terms of land area is-
A) China B) Canada C) Russia D) USA
30. The name of the parliament of USA is-
A) Capital B) House of Commons C) Congress D) White House
31. Name of the Japan Parliament isA
A) Congress B) Senate C) Diet D) National Parliament
32. Diet is the parliament of-
A) Sweden B) Japan C) Germany D) Armenia
33. Name of the China Parliament is-
A) National Peoples Congress B) National Assebmly C) Parliament D) None
GK-Lecture-01-06
99
34. Name of the Philippines Parliament is-
A) Doma B) Shora C) Congress D) None
35. Name of the Russia Parliament is-
A) Doma B) Oily Majlis C) Cortes D) None
36. What is the name of the British Parliament?
A) Diet B) Congress C) Parliament D) House of Commons
37. Name of the Algeria Parliament is-
A) National Assembly B) Congress C) Parliament D) None
38. Name of the Greece Parliament is-
A) Congress B) Hellenic Parliament C) Fono D) None
39. Name of the Germany Parliament is-
A) Diet B) Grand National Assembly C) Bundestag D) None
40. Name of the Iceland Parliament is-
A) Albingi (Assembly of All) B) Folketing C) Congress D) None of these
41. Name of the Ireland Parliament is-
A) Congress B) Bunge C) Oireachtas D) None
42. Name of the Bangladesh Parliament is-
A) Jatiya Sangshad B) Majlis Meshaurat C) Majlis D) None
43. Name of the Sudan Parliament is-
A) Storting B) Congress C) Constituent Assembly D) None
44. Name of the Albania Parliament is-
A) Congress B) Parliament (Kuvendi I Shaqiperise) C) Alting D) None
45. Name of the Malaysia Parliament Is-
A) Majlis-e-Umma B) Majlis-e-Shora C) Dewan Rakyat D) None
46. Name of the Samoa Parliament is-
A) Bunge B) Fono C) National Assembly D) None

47. Name of the Afghanistan Parliament Is-

A) National Assembly (Shoora) B) Parliament C) Congress D) None
48. Where is Wall Street Located?
A) London B) Washingto C) Sydney D) New York
49. Malacca straits is placed between- and-
A) Indonesia and Nepal B) Malaysia and Indonesia
C) Malaysia and Singapore D) Nepal and Bangladesh
50. Dover Strait separate the Great Britain from-
A) Russia B) America C) France D) China
51. Strait of Magellan Connects and Pacific Ocean
A) Atlantic Ocean B) Antarctic Ocean C) Bay of Bengal D) Pacific Ocean
52. Name the strait that separates England from France and the European continent, and connecting the
English Channel and Atlantic Ocean with the North Sea
A) Strait of Dover B) Pas de Calais C) Both of these D) None
53. Bering Strait placed between Russia and-
A) Spain B) UAE C) UK D) USA
54. Pick out the strait which is situated between Iran and Arabia?
A) Denmark Strait B) Strait of Gibraltar C) Strait of Hormuz D) Bab-el-Mandeb
55. The waterway separating India and Sri Lanka?
A) Strait of Gibraltar B) St. Georges Channel C) Suez Cannel D) Palk Strait
56. Palk Straits placed between which countries.
A) Indonesia and China B) India and Sri Lanka C) Sri Lanka and Bangladesh D) India and Maldives
57. What is placed between Greenland and Canada
A) Davis Strait B) Barents Strait C) Doer Strait D) Florida Strait
58. What is the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European
Turkey
A) Bering Strait B) Bosphorus Strait C) Duncan Passage D) Strait of Gibraltar
59. Separates Gibraltar and Peninsular Spain in Europe from Morocco and Ceuta in Africa.
A) Strait of Gibraltar B) Barents Strait C) Strait of Malaca D) Palk Strait
60. The American state that is nearest to the former Soviet Union isA
A) Alaska B) New York C) Hawaii D) Washington
61. Drake Passage Separates.... and Antarctica
A) South America B) Asia C) North America D) Africa
62. A double landlocked country is a landlocked country surrounded by other landlocked countries. There
are only two doubly landlocked countries in the world. One is Uzbekistan- what is the other?
A) Pakistan B) Liechtenstein C) Bhutan D) Luxembourg
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63. How many landlocked countries are there in the Americas?
A) Two B) Three C) Four D) One
64. What is the largest landlocked country in Africa?
A) Nigeria B) Ethiopia C) Mali D) Chad
65. Can you spot which of these countries is Not landlocked?
A) Laos B) Botswana C) Sudan D) Bolivia
66. What is the largest landlocked country in the world?
A) Iran B) Mongolia C) Kazakhstan D) Chad

Answer Key of Practice Test

01. A 02. C 03. B 04. D 05. A 06. D 07. B 08. C 09. A 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. A
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. C
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. C 38. B 29. C 40. A
41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. D 29. B 50. C
51. A 52. C 53. D 54. C 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. A
61. A 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. C 66. C

The man who asks a QUESTION is a fool for a minute,

the man who does not ask is a fool for life
—Confucius..

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