Physiology Test Paper July 2, 2002

I. Type A1 Question (Choosing the best answer from the five alternative
answers to each question by 1 point *30)
1. Among the responses induced by the following stimuli, the reflex
activity is:
A. Stimulating the nerves of sciatic nerve-sural specimens, causing
muscle contraction
B. Stimulating the muscles of sciatic Nerve-gastrocnemius muscle
specimens, causing muscle contraction
C. Stimulating ventricular muscle, causing premature contraction and
compensatory intermittent
D. Stimulating the peripheral end of vagus nerve, causing heart rate
slowdown
E. Stimulating the central end of decompressive nerve, causing the
decrease of arterial blood pressure

2. Describing negative feedback in the process of physiological

regulation, the mistake is that:
A. The effect caused by feedback information and the original prick. The
effect of excitation is always the opposite
B. Its significance is to maintain the steady state.
C. Its regulatory point is fixed
D. It is common in the regulation of body function.
E. Regulation has a certain lag phenomenon.

3. Glucose transport through cell membrane is:

A. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion and active transport
C. Simple diffusion and active transport
D. Exocytosis and Entry
E. Facilitated Diffusion and Secondary Active Transport
 4. When Na + influx reaches the equilibrium potential of Na + during
action potential generation:
A. The concentration difference of Na + on both sides of cell
membrane is zero.
B. The net flux of Na + transmembrane diffusion is zero
C. Zero potential difference on both sides of cell
membrane
D. Na+ channel
E. Excitability of cells is higher than that of normal cells.

5. Factors that can cause depolarization of cell membranes, excluding:

A. Na+ internal flow
B. Ca2+ inflow
C. Cl-outflow
D. inward stimulus current
E. outward stimulus current

6. Threshold potential refers to:

A. Changes of membrane potential induced by subthreshold stimulation
B. Changes of membrane potential induced by threshold stimulation
C. Critical membrane potential which can cause a sudden and large
activation of Na + channels on the membrane
D. Critical membrane potential which can cause a sudden and large
activation of K + channels on the membrane.
E. Minimum stimulus intensity

7. In the process of excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle ()

A. AP of muscle cells is introduced into muscle cells along the
longitudinal ependyma. Ca2+ channels on the transverse ependyma at
the junction of B. triple canal open C. Ca2+ from extracellular diffusion
into muscle.
D. The concentration of Ca2+ in sarcoplasm can be
increased by 100 times.
E. Ca2+ binds to protomyosin and triggers filament gliding

8. The description of plasma osmotic pressure is correct ()

A. plasma osmotic pressure is mainly formed by Na + and
C L - in plasma
B. plasma osmotic pressure is mainly formed by K + and
Cl - in plasma
C. plasma colloid osmotic pressure and colloid osmotic
pressure of tissue fluid are always equal
D. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure will not
cause tissue edema
E. Decreased plasma crystal osmotic pressure will cause
tissue edema.

9. People with AB blood group ()

A. Their plasma contains anti-A and anti-B agglutinin
B. Their red blood cells do not contain A agglutinin and B
agglutinin
C. They can only accept AB blood input.
D. Accept blood of any other blood group, but only a small,
slow infusion of
E. Its blood can be small, slow infusion to any other blood
group

10. Aortic valve closure occurs in ()

A. Isovolumic systolic onset
B. Isovolumic diastolic onset
C. Fast ejection onset
D. Fast filling onset
E. Slow filling onset
11. The formation of action potential phase 2 in ventricular
myocytes is due to:
A. Na + influx.
B. Na + inflow and K + outflow is in equilibrium.
C. Ca2 + inflow and K + outflow is in equilibrium.
D. The coexistence of Ca 2+, Na + inflow and K + outflow is
in equilibrium
E. K + outflow.

12. When heart rate increases, the changes of arterial blood

pressure are ()
A. Systolic blood pressure increases, diastolic blood
pressure does not change, pulse pressure increases
B. Systolic blood pressure does not change, diastolic blood
pressure increases, pulse pressure decreases
C. Systolic blood pressure increases, diastolic blood
pressure increases, pulse pressure does not change
D. Systolic blood pressure increases, diastolic blood
pressure increases.
E. diastolic blood pressure decreases

13. In which of the following cases, tissue No increase in

fluid formation ()
A. Increased capillary blood pressure
B. Increased plasma protein concentration
C. Increased protein concentration in tissue fluid
D. Slowly Increasing in Tissue Fluid
E. Reducing Hydrostatic Pressure in Tissue Fluid

14. During quiet breathing, the participating ventilators are:

A. Extracorporeal intercostal muscles and internal intercostal
muscles.
B. Intercostal and diaphragm muscles
C. Extra costal and diaphragm muscles
D. pectoralis major
E. trapezius and rectus abdominis

15. When pulmonary surfactant increases

A. Elastic resistance increases
B. Alveolar ventilation decreases
C. Inelastic resistance decreases
D. Alveolar surface tension increases
E. Lung compliance increases

16. Respiratory frequency decreases from 12 breaths per minute and tidal volume
decreases from 500 ml to 250ml, then ()

A. ventilation volume per minute decreases

B. ventilation volume per minute increases

C. alveolar ventilation volume remains unchanged

D. ventilation volume decreases

E. Invalid lumen volume decreases

17. Mild elevation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in arterial blood leads to
increased respiratory movement. The most important way of its effect is through
stimulation ().

A. Carotid body chemoreceptor

B. Aortic body chemoreceptor

C. Medulla oblongata chemoreceptor

D. Pulmonary stretch chemoreceptor

E. Cardiopulmonary chemoreceptor

18. Gastric receptive relaxation is achieved by which of the following ways ()

A. Sympathetic nerve

B. Vagus
C. Intramural plexus

D. Gastrostatin

E. Prostaglandin

19. Oxygen-calorie value of food

A. Heat released by one gram of nutrients burning in vitro

B. Heat released by one gram of nutrients oxidizing in vivo

C. Heat released by oxidation (or combustion in vitro) of one gram of nutrients

D. Heat released by one liter of oxygen is consumed by certain nutrients in oxidation

E. The ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen demand at the same
time is

20. The most important hormone that can promote the body's heat production is ()
A. Adrenaline
B. Adrenocortical hormone
C. Thyroid hormones
D. Auxin
E. Insulin

21. Regarding cortical nephron, which of the following is correct?

A. 10- 15% of the total number of nephrons
B. Located in the outer cortex
C. Large volume
D. Located in the inner cortex
E. The caliber of the incoming arterioles is larger than that of the outgoing
arterioles.

22. The concentration of creatinine in urine was 196 mg/ml, that in plasma was 1.4
mg/ml, and that in urine was 1.4 mg/ml.The creatinine clearance rate was
A.75ml/min.
B.98ml/min
C.125ml/min
D.140 ml/min
 E.196ml/min

23. Which of the following statements about renin is correct?

A. Renin secretes from dense plaques
B. Renin secretion is caused by elevated mean arterial pressure
C. It converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
D. It converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
E. Renin is secreted by interstitial cells

24. Which of the following statements is wrong?

A. Urinary reflex is a neuro reflex activity
B. Urinary reflex is a neuro reflex activity. The primary center is located in the
sacral spinal cord
C. The advanced center of voiding reflex is in the cerebral cortex.

D. Advanced central nervous system can exert facilitation or inhibition on

primary central nervous system
E. Urinary stimulation can inhibit urinary reflex, which is a negative feedback
regulation of
25. Conduction velocity of myelinated fibers ()
A. is proportional to the square of the diameter
B. is proportional to the diameter.
C. Independent of the thickness of the myelin sheath
D. Not affected by temperature
E. Relative to stimulus intensity
26. Presynaptic inhibition is due to ()
A. Presynaptic terminal sheath hyperpolarization
B. Presynaptic terminal sheath depolarization
C. Postsynaptic neuron hyperpolarization
D. Presynaptic end sheath releases inhibitory transmitter
E. Changes in excitability of postsynaptic membranes
27. Fibers conducting slow pain and visceral pain are mainly ()
A. A fiber
B. B Fiber
C. Ar Fiber
D. Ar fibers
28. Which of the descriptions of inhibitory postsynaptic potential generation is wrong?
A. Presynaptic terminal sheath depolarization
B. Presynaptic end sheath hyperpolarization
C. Synaptic vesicles release transmitters and bind to posterior membrane
receptors
D. Postsynaptic membrane increases the permeability of C l-, K+.
E. Postsynaptic membrane depolarization
29. In the mechanism of cAMP acting as a second messenger, hormones bind to
membrane receptors and then activate
A. Adenylate cyclase
B. Phospholipase
C. protein kinase
D. NA enzyme
E. Phosphatase

2. Type A2 Question (Choose the best answer from the five alternative answers
to each question).

1. When the concentration of K + in the cell bath is artificially increased, the

neurons
A . RP decreases, AP decreases with the decrease of R P
B . The amplitude of AP is unchanged,
C . RP is increased, the amplitude of AP is increased,
D. RP is increased, the amplitude of AP is unchanged,
E. RP is unchanged, and the amplitude of AP is decreased.

2. In which of the following circumstances may neonatal hemolytic anemia occur?

The mother of
A. RH + gave birth to the fetus of RH-The mother
B. RH+ gave birth to the fetus of RH+ The mother
C. RH-gave birth to the fetus of RH+
D. RH-and the mother of RH-gave birth to the fetus of RH-
E. A and C are both possible.
3. In animal (rabbit) experiments, which of the following tests can increase
arterial blood pressure?

A. Ten seconds of pulling one common carotid artery

B. Clamping one common carotid artery for 10 seconds
C. Electrical stimulation of the end of vagus nerve
D. Point stimulation of the end of decompressive nerve
E. Massage the carotid sinus area vigorously

4. Measure a person's ventilation rate of 7.5L per minute, breathing

frequency of 20 times per minute, and invalid cavity volume of 7.5L per
minute.125 ml, 5 L per minute of new output, the ratio of pulmonary
ventilation to blood flow should be
A. 0.4
B. 0.6
C. 0.8
D. 1.0
E. 1.2
5. If the vagus nerve on both sides of the rabbit's neck is cut off, the
rabbit's respiratory rhythm will be :
A. Slowing down
B. Faster Deeper,
C. Shallower, Faster
D. Shallowing
E. No significant change
6. In clinic, ice cap is used to cool patients with high fever. Its principle is to use ice
water to increase the thermal conductivity.
A. Convection heat dissipation
B. Conduction heat dissipation
C. Convection and conduction heat dissipation
D. Evaporation heat dissipation
E. Conduction and evaporation heat dissipation
7. Mental sweating is most common in
A. Limbs
B. Palms
C. Forehead
D. Palms
E. Neck
A. Slow and sustained stretching tendons (such as gravity), the hormones that
cause tense contraction of the pulled muscles are

A. norepinephrine

B. glucocorticoid

C. Adrenaline

D. Aldosterone

E. Insulin
Physiology 2015 Paper

Type A Question (Choose the right or best answer from the five alternative answers
after the end of the question, and blacken the serial number of the selected answer
in the corresponding position in the answer sheet of the answer sheet, one point for
each sub- question, a total of 40 points).)

1. The internal environment of the body refers to

A. body fluids.
B. Intracellular fluid
C. Extracellular fluid
D. plasma E. tissue fluid
2. In neuro regulation,
A. resting potential plays a role in long- distance information transmission.
B. Action potential
C. Local potential
D. Neuro factor
E. Hormone
3. The highest content of lipids in biofilm is
A. phosphatidylserine.
B. Phosphatidylcholine
C. Phosphatidylethanolamine
D. Glycolipids
E. Cholesterol
4. Na*, K* channels on the endplate membrane of skeletal muscle
belong to
A. mechanical gated channels
B. Voltage Gated Channel
C. Chemical Gated Channel
D. Water Channel
E. Non-Gated Channel
 5. The time interval between two adjacent peak potentials in nerve fibers
should be at least greater than
A. Absolute refractory period of the excitatory cycle.
B. Relative refractory period
C. Extraordinary period
D. Low period
E. Absolute refractory period plus relatively low
6. Local excitement is due to
A. Subliminal stimulus current causes hyperpolarization of cell membrane
B. Subliminal stimulus current directly causes voltage drop inside and outside the
cell membrane
C. Result of cell membrane self- polarization or hyperpolarization
D. Result of superposition of electric tension potential directly caused by subliminal
stimulus current and active reaction of cell membrane
E. Result of Nat current induced by threshold stimulus
7. The absolute value of resting potential will increase with the increase
of K* concentration in the bath solution of nerve cells in a certain
range.
B. Invariant
C. Reduction
D. First decreases and then increases
E. First increases and then decreases.
8. The initial muscle length depends on
A. muscle contractility and
B. afterload.
C. preload
D. The sum of preload and afterload
E. preload and afterload
9. Megaloblastic anemia is due to the lack of
A. iron in the body.
B. Copper
C. Protein
D. Erythropoietin
E. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B12
10. The main difference between endogenous and exogenous coagulation processes
is that the initiation process of the formation of prothrombin complex is
different in A. The formation process of prothrombin
A. B.?
B. Thrombin formation is different
C. Fibrinogen formation is different
D. Fibrinogenesis is different.
11. A person's red blood cells agglutinate in type A serum, but not in type B
serum, indicating that the person's ABO blood group is
A. Type A.
B. Type B.B
C. Type AB
D. O Type
E. Uncertainty
12. The time that ventricular depolarization begins to complete
repolarization is reflected in the electrocardiogram.
A. P Wave
B. PR Interval
C. QRS Wave
D. T Wave
E. QT Interval
13. The main mechanism of action potential repolarization phase 1
formation in ventricular myocytes is as follows:
A. Na* internal flow
B. K* outflow
C. Ca2* inflow and K* simultaneous outflow
D. Ca2* internal flow
E. CT internal flow
14. The reason why myocardium does not produce complete tonic
contraction is that
A. The effective refractory period of myocardial cells is very
long
B. Normal heart is controlled by the rhythm of sinoatrial node
C. Myocardial contraction is "all or none"
 D. Myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum is underdeveloped, Ca2*
storage is less
E. Myocardium has self-regulation, which can produce
automatic rhythmic contraction
15. The main factor affecting diastolic blood pressure in normal people
is A. Cardiac output.
A. B. Peripheral resistance
B. Circulating blood volume
C. Great Artery Elasticity
D. Blood Viscosity
16. Under anesthesia, clamping the common carotid artery on one side
of the rabbit will lead to
A. decrease in blood pressure.
B. Heart rate slows down
C. Cardiac sympathetic nervous activity increases
D. Vagus nervous activity strengthens
E. Sympathetic vasoconstrictive nervous activity weakens
17. When the activity of renin-angiotensin system is strengthened, the
synthesis and secretion of
A. systemic arteriole and vein diastolic
B. aldosterone decreases, and the secretion of
C. sympathetic nerve terminal secretes neurotransmitter
decreases.
D. Decreased average filling pressure of systemic circulation
E. Reduction of renal sodium excretion
18. The motive force of pulmonary ventilation is the rhythmic
contraction and relaxation of
A. Lung
B. Elastic Retraction of Lungs
C. Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of respiratory
muscles
D. Periodic variation of intrapleural pressure
E. Pressure difference between intrapulmonary pressure and
atmospheric pressure
19. During the cardiac cycle, ventricular blood filling is mainly due to
A. Atrial contraction squeezing
B. Bone path muscle contraction promoting venous blood
reflux
C. Blood gravity
D. Ventricular diastolic suction of decreased intraventricular
pressure
E. Pleural negative pressure suction

20. The following description of the ratio of ventilation to

blood flow is correct:
A. The ratio of ventilation to blood flow refers to
the ratio between pulmonary ventilation and
blood flow
B. The normal mean value of the whole lung at rest
is 0.84.
C. When standing upright, the pulmonary base can
increase to 3.3
D. The ratio of ventilation to blood flow decreases,
which means that the ratio of ventilation to blood
flow increases in the physiologically ineffective
chamber
E. The ratio of ventilation to blood flow increases,
which means insufficient ventilation.
21. The basic center of respiration is in
A. The motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord.
B. Respiratory neurons of medulla oblongata
C. Pontine respiratory center
 D. Hypothalamus
E. Cerebral cortex

22. The starting potential of contraction of

gastrointestinal smooth muscle is
A. resting potential
B. Slow wave potential
C. Action potential
D. Local hyperpolarization potential
E. Local repolarization day
23. The salivary secretion caused by eating belongs to
A. Neurological regulation
B. Humoral regulation
C. Autoregulation
D. Neurological and humoral regulation
E. Humoral and self-regulation
24. Gastrin-secreting cells are
A. main cells
B. parietal cells
C. mucous cells
D. G cells of gastric pyloric mucosa
E. mucosal cells on the surface of gastric mucosa
25. The main digestive juice in the small intestine is
A. ?
B. Pancreatic juice
C. Liver bile
D. Gallbladder bile
E. Mucus
26. The main absorption sites of water and nutrients are in
A. oral cavity.
B. Esophageal
C. Gastric
D. Small intestine
E. Large Intestine
27. Respiratory quotient of long-term hungry people is close to

A. 0.71
B. 0.80
C. 0.85
D. 0.90
E. 1.00
28. The most significant factor affecting energy metabolism is
A. Muscle exercise
B. Stress
C. Eating
D. Ambient temperature
E. Sleeping eyes
29. The principle of cooling high fever patients with ice cap in
clinic is mainly to use
A. radiation to dissipate heat.
B. Conductive Heat Dissipation
C. Convective heat dissipation
D . Insensitive evaporation
E. Sensible evaporation
30. Kidney compact class mainly feels
A. Mechanical distraction
B. Pressure change
C. Capacity change
D. Changes of sodium chloride content
E. Changes of blood flow
31. The easiest of the following substances to pass through the
filter membrane is
A. Electroneutral substances with small molecular radius.
B. Substances with small molecular radius and negative charge
C. Substances with small molecular radius and positive charge
D. Substances with large molecular radius and electric
neutrality
E. Substances with large molecular radius and negative charge
32. Antidiuretic hormone mainly affects
A. Proximal tubule Na*-H* exchanger.
B. Coarse and Short Na-K-2Cr Co-transporter of the
ascending branch of the medullary loop
C. Nat-CI co-transporter of distal tubule
D. Na channel
E. aquaporin
33. of distal tubule and collecting duct. The following description
of glial cells is incorrect:
A. Although they also have protrusions, there are no
dendrites and axons in
B. Like neurons, membrane potential can also generate
excitation
C. It is the supporting tissue in the central nervous
system
D. Neurons can be filled by proliferation. Caused by
transsexual death
E. Transportable metabolites, substance exchange
between neurons and capillaries
34. Presynaptic inhibition is due to
A. Depolarization of postsynaptic neurons
B. Hyperpolarization of postsynaptic neurons
C. Excitability of postsynaptic neurons changes
D. . Excitability of presynaptic membrane decreases
E. Inhibitory release of presynaptic terminals increases
35. The following non-cholinergic fibers are
A. Posterior vagal ganglionic fibers that cause gastric receptive relaxation
B. Sympathetic anterior ganglionic fibers
C. Motor fibers
D. Posterior sympathetic fibers
E. E. innervation of sweat glands. Sympathetic vasodilator postganglionic
fibers of skeletal muscle vessels
36. The function of thalamic specific projection system is

A. All specific sensations in vivo. Upload pathway

B. Causes specific sensations.

C . Maintaining the excitation state of the cerebral cortex
D. Changing the excitation state of the cerebral cortex
E. Inhibiting the excitation state of the cerebral cortex
37. The following account of changes in physiological function during non-REM
sleep (slow wave sleep) is incorrect:
A. Brain waves present synchronized slow waves.
B. Hypo sensory function
C. Muscle tension decreases
D. Blood pressure decreases
E. Growth hormone secretion decreases
38. The blood hormone concentration is low, but the physiological function is obvious,
because
A. hormone has high specificity.
B. Long half-life of hormone
C. Hormone selectively acts on target cell
D. Hormone distributes in the body along with blood.
E. There is an efficient bio-amplification system in cells
39. Regarding the following description of growth hormone, the mistake is that
A. promotes growth.
B. Inhibiting the uptake and utilization of glucose by external tissues,
increasing blood sugar
C. promoting fat synthesis
D. Accelerating protein synthesis
E. enhances the activity of natural killer cells and macrophages
40. The most important hormone for nervous system development is
A. Growth hormone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Cortisol
D. Adrenaline
E. Insulin

2. Noun Interpretation (2 minutes x 5).

1. Threshold Potential

2. Physiological hemostasis

3. vital capacity

4.Nutritional effects of 4 nerves

5. Three Brief Answers on the Permissible Role of Hormones (5 points x 4)

1. When the concentration of CO2 in inhaled air increases

appropriately, what changes will occur in breathing exercise? What
are the ways in which it works?

2. How is the secretion of gastric juice regulated in the first stage?

What are the characteristics of the secretion of gastric juice in the
first stage?
3. How does urine volume change in diabetic patients? What is its
mechanism?
4. What is muscle tension? Briefly describe the physiological significance of
muscle tension.
IV. Discussion Topics (10 points x 3)
1. To discuss the reason why sinoatrial node becomes a normal pacemaker and
the mechanism of action potential formation of sinoatrial node P cells.
2. How does urine volume change when sweating heavily? Please analyze the
cause.
3. Describe the functional characteristics of autonomic nervous system some
Exercises
2016 Paper
1. Explain Secondary Active Transport Pulmonary Ventilation Cross-
matching Test for Cerebral Stiffness Neurosecretion
2. Brief answer to the source of alveolar surfactant, where is the main
part of physiological significance absorption, and why is the basic
process of urine formation?
3. What is Spinal Shock and Its Reasons
4. Discuss the Pathway and Characteristics of Cardiac Excitation Conduction
and Its Physiological Significance
5. Change of urine volume after intravenous injection of saline and its
causes: two mechanisms of postsynaptic inhibition and their
physiological significance