1. “UF” and “WISH” CLAUSES What Would You Do If You Had No Fear? Li vq Your Dreams While Quakin’ in Your Boots A | Read the following passage and then choose the correct answer. What Would You Do If You Had No Fear? Living Your Dreams While Quakin’ in Your Boots is 1. It is clear from the passage that readers of What Would You Do If You Had No Fear? ....... A) are usually those who have great fears concerning their future B) are secretive people with boring jobs C) are expected to answer a number of questions presented in the book D) include a number of medical school students E) are mostly people who are satisfied with nothing in their lives The police officer, waitress, politician, lawyer, and cab driver mentioned in the passage ... A) were chosen because they all had too much fear B) changed their lifestyles after they talked to Diane Conway C) were all interviewed by Diane Conway D) are fictional characters created by Diane Conway E) all had jobs that they did not like ~ the name of a book by Diane Conway. For this book, the author approached a police officer, a waitress, a politician, a lawyer, a /_ cab driver, and many others, and asked them each the same question: What would you do if you had no fear?” The results are recorded in this book, and were both surprising and enlightening. Conway's respondents told her their secrets, their long-hidden dreams, and their fears. Their dreams included quitting extremely boring jobs, applying to medical school, buying tickets to overseas lands, finding true love, quitting drinking, or having an affair. The distance between dreaming and doing, according to Conway, is surprisingly short. In What = Would You Do If You Had No Fear?, her fresh voice challenges readers to stop, open their hearts, and truly live. Included in the book are self-tests, quizzes, growth exercises, and inspiring quotes for realizing one's fear-free potential 3. We understand from the passage that Diane Conway's respondents ...... . A) were above the average economically B) are generally in the habit of daydreaming C) now lead completely different lives D) cherish very many different dreams E) were not very open initially 4. According to the passage, Diane Conway believes that ...... . A) people's desires are not necessarily far from reality B) everyone wishes that they were leading a different life C) most people keep their dreams secret D) dreams can be difficult but rewarding to put into practice E) few people actually lead a happy life[B | Read the following passage and then choose the correct answer. About Diane Conway 9 Diane Conway grew up in South Carolina. She was an only child, and | was always at odds with the world. She even got kicked out of kindergarten for her disobedient behaviour, and things only went downhill from there. It was daydreaming while taking naps that finally saved her. A little philosopher, Diane would walk along the beach and muse, “Why are we here? What's the meaning of life? How can | get coconut cream pie without any limit?” Adults told her to stop asking questions and play with dolls instead. Today, no éne can stop her questions. A die-hard romantic, Diane didn't meet her prince until she was 35. Brian and Diane have been married for 22 years now, and live on a blue-green house- boat in Sausalito, California, with their three dogs, First prize was once awarded to their float in the 4th of July parade there, where Diane was a mermaid and Brian was tied to a chair, dressed as King Neptune. Conway is a popular inspirational speaker, workshop leader, and comedian. She has appeared on British and American TV, in comedy clubs, and in plays like Tony n’ Tina’s Wedding. 4. Itis stated in the passage that, when she was a child, Diane Conway A) often played with dolls B) was rescued by her daydreams C) was a very romantic person D) enjoyed running down hills E) did not enjoy kindergarten at all 2. We understand from the passage that, as a child, Diane Conway .. A) did not eat anything but coconut cream pie B) sometimes took naps at inappropriate times C) discovered the meaning of her life D) often lost her way and had to ask directions E) did not listen to the orders of adults It is clear from the passage that Diane Conway . A) spends a lot of time sailing in California B) has won several prizes for her work C) is a very difficult person to get along with D) has been inspired by her husband and dogs E) makes her living partly by talking to people We can conclude from the passage that Diane Conway is ...... A) avery talented swimmer and sailor B) nearly fifty years old now C) known in both Britain and her home country D) considering having children with her husband Brian E) married to a member of the aristocracy[e] Choose the correct meaning for the following expressions from the passage. 1. She was an only child. A) She wishes she could be a child again. B) She had no brothers or sisters. C) She never spoke to anyone as a child. 2. She was always at odds with the world. A) She was very different from everyone else. B) She thought that the world was uninteresting. C) In her opinion, people were strange and terrible 3. She got kicked out of kindergarten. A) Everyone in her kindergarten was always kicking her. B) Her kindergarten did not allow her to continue there. C) She decided to quit going to kindergarten. example. Find and write the other forms of the following words from the passage a 4. Things went downhill from there. A) This was exactly what had been expected. B) Life is very long from beginning to end. C) After that, everything got worse and worse, 5. She is a die-hard romantic. A) She believes that romantic people live long. B) She believes that romance can be deadly. C) She believes very strongly in the idea of romance. eg. grow (v) growth (noun) __growing _ (adjective) 4. behaviour (n.) (uy) 2. disobedient (adj) =n) 3. finally (adv.) —___ (n) 4. inspirational (adj) ______(n.) 5. limit (n.) 4) 6. philosopher (n) (nd) _—_ (adj.) 7. popular (adj.) rt) 8. questions (n.) @) 9. leader (n.) ee) See the fad.) adv.) v) _ adv.) OL (adj.) ———_ W) _ (adv) — (adj) (aav,) ——— Wu) adv) () (adv) (adj) (adv,) (adj.) _(v){E] Try to guess the meaning of the words in bold type from the passage without using a dictionary. A Note from Diane Conway “What would you do if you had no fear?” is the question I've been asking for years in my work- shops. When | saw the profound effect it had, | started asking people wherever | went. The answers stunned and amazed both myself and the people | asked. Women and men opened up and told me stories and dreams they had never revealed before. | could literally see an awakening as they talked about long-buried aspirations that they had not let themselves really consider trying. | spoke to ordinary people who have done extraordinary things. Heroes who think they aren't. | talked to FBI agents and a man who runs a butterfly farm in the Virgin Islands. Others include Jan, who went to Paris alone in the winter on her 40th birthday, met the man of her dreams, and now lives one block from the Arc de Triomphe; Eleanor, who escaped from the Nazi death march by rolling into a ditch to save her life; Don, who spent half of his life in San Quentin prison and now walks across the United States enjoying his freedom and making friends. My appeal is that you join in this journey with me as your slightly neurotic, frequently shaky guide, and that you deciare your dreams. The magic happens the moment you do! 1. profound A) egotist' —B) intentional) powerful —_D) fatal E) envious 2.stunned A)spoiled —B) spread. © C) soaked =D) sought —_E) shocked 3. revealed A) executed B) exposed _—C) exiled D) excluded —E) excited 4. aspirations A) ambitions B) applications C) abstractions D) admirations ) additions 5. appeal A) reaction _B) request C) review D) refusal E) recovery Circle the choice which has the meaning closest to the meaning of the given sentence. 1. When | saw the profound effect the question had, | started asking people wherever I went. A) If only | had seen that the question had a powerful effect, | would have asked it to people every place | went to. B) | would not have asked the question to people every place | went to if | had not first seen its powerful effect. C) If | hadn't asked the question to people every place | went to, | would not have seen its powerful effect. 2, Women and men opened up and told me stories and dreams they had never revealed before. A) If women and men had only opened up to me, | would have been able to listen to their most secret stories and dreams. B) If the women and men had not opened up, ! would not have been told of their previously unexposed stories and dreams. C) Unless women and men had previously unexposed stories and dreams, they would not open up and tell them to me. 3. My appeal is that you declare your dreams—the magic happens the moment you do! A) | wish that you had exposed your aspirations—then, the magic could have happened. B) In my opinion, nothing magical will happen if you do not declare your dreams immediately. C) If you follow my request, you'll see that the magic happens as soon as you expose your aspirations. reRead the following reviews of Diane Conway’s book and then answer the questions. Reviewer 4 ‘A magazine article prompted me to buy this book. Conway's humour's attractive, and the anecdotes are inspiring. But the book stops there. Each section is headed with an aspect of the title's question; for example: What Would You Do [if you had no fear]?, Who Would You Be [if you had no fear}?, and Where Would You Go [if you had no fear}? Your answers are likely to be: I would dofmakelbe/ create__, if had__ I would goto, except that don't have I would be a_—,if Id ever had the chance to as | wanted to, all those years ago before _ But your answers are left up in the air. Conway does inspire you to return to your desires, but she doesn't help you deal with the unconscious defenses standing in your way. (For thet, honestly, 'd suggest Laura Berman Fortgang's Living Your Best Life.) Conway often refers to her own seminars, and so the reader Is left with a quostion: do the seminars have the same content as the book, or do they have more to offer? And if they do have more to offer, why isn’t that in the book? Reviewer 2 | love this book! You'll find arnazing stories between the covers of this book: deliciously funny, inspiring, and challenging stories, all wrapped up in Diane's witty packaging, I've started to follow Diane's advice to take the "NO FEAR® challenge, and am trying to live this year with no fear, Buy it! Reviewer 4 Reviewer 3 A light, delightful read that offers hope to those. ‘who feel caught in a life of few choices. ifs a standard and basic but good follow-your-heart advice manual which also questions how much ‘one depends on money for happiness. This is a stellar book that helped me figure out whether or not | am doing the right thing with my life and my career. The author helped me identify the things that are most important to me, and to evaluate my Job and home life to make sure | honor my mission in life. | found it a very practical yet thought- provoking book, and the best resource I've seen to help match the inner ife with the outer life. Well done. 4. Reviewer 1 finds Diane Conway's book A) unsatisfying C) useless B) terrible D) offensive E) unconscious 2. Reviewer 1 seems to suggest that Diane Conway ....... A) is not a creative or inspiring writer B) would lead a different life if she could do so C) is using her book to attract people 10 her seminars D) must have read Laura Berman Fortgang’s book E) is also the author of an inspiring magazine article What Do You Think? What would you do if you no longer had any fear in your life? 3. Both reviewer 2 and reviewer 4 A) find Diane Conway's book amusing B) heard of Diane Conway's book through a magazine article C) have found their real purpose in life D) are not really afraid of anything anymore E) have begun to make use of Diane Conway's book 4, Reviewer 3 says that Diane Conway's book .... A) is the result of a life without many choices B) has helped him or her to use money better C) isa very short advice manual D) has allowed him or her to follow his or her heart E) is similar to other books of its kind2. Don’t Be a Target Below are passages with one missing sentence each. The missing sentences have been given below. Can you put them in the right place? Burglars will always go after the easiest target. Not necessarily the biggest house on the block—but the easiest one to break into. Burglars like to get in fast. Ifit takes more than five minutes to break into your house, most likely they'll go elsewhere. If you want to make your house less inviting to burglars, here's how to do it: 1. Burglars like dark houses, so it is a good idea to keep your house well-lit. If your home or yard is kept lit at night, it's a definite burglar deterrent. This will bother your neighbours. A downlight over your garage and front doors, uplights beneath windows, and a few well-placed outdoor lamps in the yard can go a long way towards discouraging most break-ins. 2. Your main door should be in good repair. It should fit its frame well, with no soft or rotting wood in the frame. The best lock in the world won't keep a burglar out if your door isn’t strong as well. You should have a deadbolt— never rely on those doorknob locks. It's much safer than using a chain—strong thieves can break those chains and push you aside to get in. 3. Don’t make it obvious that you're away. When you go away on holiday, don’t close your blinds any more than you usually do. ....... «ASK a friend to collect hand-delivered circulars from your doorstep. If you're going to be away for longer than a week, pay someone you trust to mow your lawn or shovel your driveway. These will convince potential burglars that there are people living in that house. This makes it look as if you're home. There are lots of other ways to do this as well, like installing motion- sensitive lights outside of your house and putting your radio and TV on a lies og that tiey/oo.on[and| ores well. Don’t show off tempting items. 5 Can you see a television, a computer, stereo equipment, or any other valuables from there? If so, you may be advertising to burglars without knowing it. Make sure nobody from outside can see any valuable objects in your house. Also, don’t leave anything outside in your yard that can be carried off—it makes too tempting a target for even casual thieves. Watch your windows. Make sure your windows are strong and in good repair cluding the frames. This can be easy to push out. It's a good idea to trim shrubs and trees near windows, too, as these can provide cover for burglars. Be careful with your keys. Don’t keep your keys on a ring with your home address anywhere on it. And don’t hide an extra key under the doormat, in that flowerpot by the door, or anywhere else outside. - However, burglars are professionals, and know where to look a) Open your blinds and look in your windows—from the street as well as from your yard | b) Geta peephole, preferably a wide-angle one, installed in your door c) I's a bad idea to put a window-mounted air conditioner in a window on the ground floor d) When lighting your home, it's important not to make it blaze too brightly, though e) Many people install timers on the lights in their homes, and set them to go on and off at appropriate times f) You may think you've found the perfect hiding place 9) Have the post office hold all mail and packages so it doesn't heap up outside your door3. Don’t Be a Victim In each of the following passages, there is a sentence that does not go well contextually with the other sentences. Can you find these odd sentences? After a crime has been committed, or an accident has happened, many people wish that they had taken better steps to protect themselves and their belongings. But the best time to think about home security and personal safety is before the crime or the accident happens, not afterwards. By planning ahead, you can take steps that will reduce your chances of being a victim of a crime or an accident in the first place. Below are five steps that you may wish to consider fo improve your home security and personal safety: 4. (I) I's astounding how many people have been victims of fire, gas leaks, and carbon monoxide poisoning, and yet much can be done in advance to protect yourself against such dangers. (II) Gas leaks are also common in industry, and often, they cause many more deaths. (Ill) Most fire and smoke detectors, as well as gas and carbon monoxide detectors, are very inexpensive but effective ways to help wam of dangers before they get out of control. (IV) Or, at least, they will give the homeowner enough time to get out quickly and save his or her life. (V) A few of these installed throughout the home will keep silent guard for you and help increase your personal safety from these dangers Ai By cil «DIV BV 2. (I) Install a home seourity system that will monitor all the doors and windows in your home. (Il) It should sound a loud alarm when someone is breaking in. (Il) You may even want to subscribe to an outside monitoring service that will call local law enforcement when an alarm is received. (IV) Some alarms that are received by the monitoring service turn out to be false alarms. (V) There are several quality wire- less home seourity systems available that you can even install yourself quickly and easily. A)l Bil cyl DIV BY 3. (I) You can use wireless security cameras to help keep a watch on the outside of your home at all times. (Il) For instance, you could install one above your door that lets you clearly identify the person who rings your doorbell. (Il) You could also install infrared cameras at strategic aT locations around the home, allowing you to keep a watch on your home's perimeter at night. (IV) The more information you have about what is happening around your home, the more prepared you can be to defend yourself. (V) Learning a few self-defense techniques, like aikido, could also be a good way to protect yourself A)l B)Il C)il -D)IV EV (I) Being on good terms with your neigh- bors is necessary for a peaceful home environment. (Il) Joining a neighborhood watch group can help increase your personal and home security considerably. {ill) Your neighborhood may not have such a program. (IV) If so, you could visit a few neighbors and see if they would be interested in starting one. (V) If crimes have been committed in the area recently, you often will not have much difficulty getting everyone to cooperate and set up a neighborhood watch program right away. A)l Bil cil DV BV (1) Keeping doors and windows closed and locked at all times is another step to take to make home intrusion more difficult. (Il) If you must open the windows for any reason, it is wise to have locks installed that do’not allow them to be opened far enough for someone to be able to climb through and get inside the home. (Ill) Nowadays, windows are made of many dif- ferent materials, the most common of which are wood, aluminium, and plastic. (IV) Windows are the most vulnerable places in your home to burglary. (V) Therefore, you must guard them well. A) Bil cyl «D)IV. E)V4.The Cave Paintings of Alta 4] On a summer's day in 1879, an amateur archaeologist, Marceuno Sanz de Sautuola, and his eight-year-old daughter were exploring the area around the town of Santillana del Mar, Spain, when they happened on the mouth of a cave. Intrigued, the two lit their charcoal lamps and climbed inside. As de Sautuola searched the floor for bones and arrowheads, his the cave's celling and suddenly exclaimed, "Look Dad! they're cows!” What they saw is now considered a vitally important part of world culture: the Altamira site is one of the greatest collections of prehistoric cave paintings ever discovered. The paintings —which are actually of bison, red deer, boar, and horses, rather than cows—are over 14,000 years old. They were saved’ from erosion by a landslide 13,000 years ago, which left the cave closed and the art protected; blasting at the nearby stone quarry finally opened the cave a few years before de Sautuola redisco- *) vered il. Art experts have been continually amazed at the paintings, many of which use something remarkably similar to artistic perspective (which was supposedly “invented” during the Renaissance). Moreover, through careful use of the cave walls’ uneven rock surfaces, the unknown painters gave the animals a highly life-ike, three-dimensional quality. And all of this is achieved using just three colours: ochre, red, and black. The bisons of Altamira, especially, have since become a common element in modern Spanish iconography; for instance, a popular brand of cigarettes—Bisonte—has a picture of one of the bisons on its packet Inially, the cave pantings were visited by only @ hand of curious locals and anthro- pologists wanting to see the fantastic artwork. Arlists, too, came to wonder at the ancient masterpieces, and many great 20th-century arlists—like Pablo Picasso, Henry Moore, and Joan Miré—have been astonished and inspired by their visits. When the age of mass tourism arrived, however, these few visitors became thousands upon thousands, until finally—some 20 years later, in the late 1970s—the cave was closed to public access: the carbon dioxide in the visitors’ breath was beginning to corrode the paint. Instead, visitors today are led to a replica cave and museum, which were built in recent years as fairly exact reproductions of the cave and its art. 1. Itis clear from the passage that the discovery of the Altamira paintings .... A Read the passage below, and then choose the correct answer according to the passage. 3. ‘We understand from the passage that A) Pablo Picasso and Joan Miré were A) was purely accidental B) was the result of many years of search C) prompted the locals to take advantage ofit D) immediately attracted scientists to the area E) was made with the help of many local people 2. It is implied in the passage that .. A) Renaissance artists were inspired by the Altamira cave paintings B) people 14,000 years ago could only see three colours C) artistic perspective is not actually a Renaissance discovery D) the cave was opened by workers looking for ancient artifacts E) Spaniards were the creators of the Altamira cave paintings both Spanish painters B) the painters of Altamira used live models of the animals they painted C) Bisonte is the most popular brand of Spanish cigarette D) carbon dioxide levels are higher in Altamira than elsewhere E) Moore, Picasso, and Miré’s art was affected by the Altamira cave paintings 4, It can be concluded from the passage that, before the mid-20th century, ...... - A) the replica of the cave at Altamira began to be built B) there was little mass tourism: 3 local people were more interested in Altamira than anthropologists D) there were frequent landslides at Altamira E) several of the Allamira cave paintings were destroyed by visitorsTry to guess the meaning of the words in bold type from the passage without using a dictionary. 4. happened on A) called off B) set up C) put down D) walked away E) came across 2. intrigued A) burned B) sought C) interested D) permitted — E) intended 3. erosion A) decay B) theft C) compliment D) release E) abundance 4. blasting A) accounts B) explosions C) colleagues D)effects —_E) rewards 5. remarkably A) deliberately B) noticeably C) mortally) promptly _E) reluctantly 6.uneven —_A)disturbed —_B) Ionely C) rotten D) rough E) rapid 7.wonder at A)admire —B) forgive C) prepare ~—_—D) create E) provide 8. corrode A) destroy —-B) prevent —C) compose _D) upset E) subscribe 9. replica A) fright B) imagination C) copy D) aerial E) supply c | Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. 4. Art experts have been continually amazed at the paintings, many of which use some- thing remarkably similar to artistic perspective. A) Experts in the field of art, amazed by the paintings, have wondered why a number of them use something that hugely resembles artistic perspective. B) Every art expert who has seen the paintings is amazed at them because of the skilful use of artistic perspective in them. C) Anumber of these paintings, which have always astonished experts in the field of art, employ something which has a clear resemblance to artistic perspective. 2. Through careful use of the cave walls’ uneven rock surfaces, the unknown painters gave the animals a highly life-like, three-dimensional quality. ‘A) It was amazing that the unknown artists were able to give the animals such a living, three-dimensional quality, because the rock surfaces of the cave’s walls were very rough. B) It was the uneven rock surfaces of the cave walls, and not the artists’ skill, that enabled the unknown painters to paint the animals in a very life-like and three-dimensional way. C) The unknown painters made the animals three-dimensional and very much as they are in life by carefully making use of the rough rack surfaces of the cave's walls 3. Initially, the cave paintings were visited by only a handful of curious locals and anthropologists wanting to see the fantastic artwork. A) In the beginning, the interested local people and anthropologists who visited in order to see the outstanding works of art would put their hands on them B) At first, just a few interested local people and anthropologists, who wished to see the amazing art, made trips to view the cave paintings. C) For a long while, the fantastic works of art were seen only by local people and anthropologists, who were the only ones curious enough to visit.LE LL EE | Wr T (True) or F (False) for the statements below according to the passage. 1. The cave paintings of Altar prehistoric times 2. Something like artistic perspective had already been used by the 13th century BC. 3. Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola’'s daughter saw the Altamira cave paintings before de Sautuola himself did. 4, Pictures of bison are used very often in present-day Spain. 5. Among artists, only Pablo Picasso, Henry Moore, and Joan Miré were impressed by the Altamira cave paintings. 6. Human beings exhale carbon dioxide. 7. There are no paintings of cows in the cave at Altamira, 8. Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola was already expecting to find the cave paintings of Altamira, 9. Stone was mined not far from the location of the Altamira cave. are the only ones known to have been done in 10. The number of visitors to Altamira experienced a great increase in the latter part of 10. the 20th century, Complete the blanks with the correct preposition. Use the prepositions given in the list below. at for over from at like to on for of to upon The 2005 baseball World Series was similar the previous year's in that, in both series, a team that had not been the champion in 85 years finally won again Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh's excellent Portrait Dr. Gachet, which was sold to Japanese industrialist Ryoei Saito in 1990 for a record-breaking $82.5 million, has been lost since Saito’s death in 1996 Even though thousands ............ thousands of people gathered together in a 2.4 km? space for three days at the 1969 Woodstock Music and Art Festival, there was a surprisingly small amount of violence The "Seven Wonders of the World’—of which only the Great Pyramid of Giza stil stands— were given that name by the ancient author Antipater of Sidon because they were wondered by all who saw them Of the 2,223 passengers on board the Titanic when it first struck an iceberg on 14 April 1912, only 708 managed to be saved death in the freezing waters of the North Atlantic, While guiding construction works at Fort Julien near the Egyptian port city of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre-Frangois Bouchard happened the Rosetta Stone, an inscription that eventually allowed ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics to be deciphered Just 1976's The Book of Ephraim, American poet James Merrill's books Mirabell Books of Number (1978) and Scripts for the Pageant (1980) were largely written from the point of view of the spirits of dead people. In the US state of Alabama on 2 November 2004, a proposal to remove from the state's constitution Section 256, which declares that certain schools will be closed ............ black people, was rejected by voters. There was no long-term search the serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer because his vic- tims tended to be criminals or ex-criminals who had dropped out of society to some degree. Ihave always been amazed ............ how the French poet Arthur Rimbaud was able to write such magnificent poems at such a young age; his Le bateau ivre, instance, is one of the greatest poems in the language, and yet was written when Rimbaud was only 16. wet ee%. Check What You Know Body Language Sneezing Sneezing is a reflex expulsion of air from the nose and mouth, Generally, sneezing (1) .... by initation of the nose Ach-Choo! by harmless things & | lke pollen, house dust, . Sg > and other particles, ~ but when they irritate the nose, the body y= responds by expelling them from the nasal Fe passages. Also, the nose tries to defend (2)....... with a sneeze against strong odours, sudden chills, and even bright light. Itis @ common belief in India (3) ...... people sneeze (4) ....... they remember or are remembered by someone dear to them. Most Indians consider sneezing healthy, and the inability to sneeze is considered to be a cause for alarm. Thus, the people of India have (6) ....... used snuff as a way to artificially induce the healthy sneeze. A) has caused B) causes C) is caused D) was caused E) caused 2 A) its B) its own C) theirs D) itself E) themselves 3. A) when B) why C) what D) which E) that 4. A) when B) otherwise C) whether D) even E) but 5. A) still B) ever C) long D) during E) no sooner i Lancsazestulicaad Hiccuping When you hiccup, your diaphragm and nearby muscles convulse, and this causes you to briefly gulp air. (6) ........ 35 milliseconds, the glottis—the opening at the top of the air passage—slams shut, producing the characte- ristic "hic. (7)... YOU are in hiccup mode, you typically will hiccup 60 times or more. The hiccup record is 57 years— but it's not usually (8) bad. In one case, a 27-year-old man complained that he (9) ........ for four days. The doctor saw a hair tickling his eardrum, so the hair was washed out and the hiccups stopped. Although there are several speculations, no one knows for sure (10) we hiccup. 6. A) Throughout B) Without C) Within D) Along E) As 7 A) Even B) Before C) First D) Once. E) Soon 8 A) quite B) so C) yet D) such E) much 9. ‘A) had been hiccuping B) has hiccuped C) will have hiccupped D) is hiccuping E) has been hiccuping 10. A) which B) that C) what D) where E) whyGoose Bumps Goose bumps are often a response to cold: in mammals (11) ....... with fur or hair, the erect hairs trap air to create a layer of insulation. Goose bumps can also be a response to fear. (12) ....... the body prepares to respond to a physical threat, many things happen: vision sharpens, heart rate increases, and blood rushes to the muscles and critical central organs Jo provide them with extra oxygen for the following challenge. As a result of this, blood is pulled from the capillaries at the surface of the skin and less of the body's heat reaches the skin surface, so a feeling of coldness or chill arises. All of (13) occurs with very little change in the body's actual core temperature. In the case of animals, the erect hairs can also make them (14)... larger (18) ...... seare enemies, 11. A) covering B) to cover C) cover D) covered E) having covered 12, A) So B) How C) Like 1D) During E) As 13, A) them B) which C) this D) they E) these 14, A) having appeared —_B) appearing C) appeared D) to appear E) appear 15. A) in addition to C) instead of E) due to B) in order to D) on account of Ticklishness Tickling is almost certainly a form of social interaction. We do not laugh when we tickle (16) . , but we do when other people tickle us. This implies that the brain may have a different mechanism for responding to the two types of tickling. Charles Darwin (17) ..... an original theory linking tickling to social relations: he claimed that tickling provokes Jaughier through the anticipation of pleasure. If a stranger tickles a child, the likely result will be withdrawal and displeasure. The fine line that exists between pleasure and pain regarding tickling (18) ....... during the Roman Empire in a method of torture known as "goat's tongue”. This criminal punishment involved covering a victim's feet with salt or a sweet substance and having a goat (19) ... the bare soles. It resulted first in tickling and (20)... in painful blisters. 16. A) ourselves C)us B) ours D) them E) themselves 47. A) pulled up B) put forward C) cut across D) came down E) tured over 18. A) had exploited B) used to exploit C) was exploited D) has been exploited E) can be exploited 19. A) spin B) sack ©) fix D) lick E) dig 20. A) latter B) latest C) lately D) late E) later semenPins and Needles Pins and needles is a sensation of uncomfortable tingling or prick- ling, usually in the hands or feet. The affected area is sometimes said (21) ...... “fallen asleep". A common cause is leaning or lying awkwardly on a limb, which (22)... Presses against the nerves or reduces the blood supply to the local area. Any numbness is soon replaced by the tingling and prickling sensation, as the nerves start sending messages again to the brain and spinal cord. This should not be (23) ....... with intermittent claudication, a cramping sensation in the legs that occurs as a result of decreased oxygen supply. It generally occurs every now and then, and, (24) sometimes painful, it usually disappears (23)........ a brief rest. 24. A) has B) had ¢) having D) to have E) have 22. A) both B) not only C) neither D) whether E) either 23. A) amazed B) confused C) provided D) despised E) pleased 24, A) although B) however C) unless D) instead E) nonetheless 25. A) while B) since C) after D) until E) when Blushing Blushing was described by Darwin as the most peculiar and most human of all expressions. Blushing is an easy cycle to get caught up in. It is an emotional response to (26) ....... like embarrass ment. Your blood vessels expand and send (27) blood to the surface of the skin, giving you that unmistakable red glow. You start to feel hot, which makes the situation (28) .. worse. Studies have shown that people react more favourably to those (29) ........ have made a mistake when they blush. It is (30) unclear why a response to unwanted social attention results in the physiological response of blushing 26. A) nothing B) everybody C) something D) anywhere E) someone 27. A) more B) a few C) plenty D) many E) alot 28. A) already B) so C) more D) even E) alot of 29, A) whom B) where C) who D) whose E) which 30. A) almost B) stil C) ever D) much E) already6. LEARN THESE PHRASAL VERBS Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs in the box below. Pay attention to the verb form. 4. carry on: continue doing 2. fee! like: want or desire 3. get through: overcome a difficult situation 4, look down on: think that sb or sth is not very good or important 5. make up with: reconcile with 6. put up: give shelter to 7. set out (on): begin a journey; start doing 8. show off. display sth of which one is proud 9. stand up for. support or defend 10. wear out make or become useless from extended use 4, Ittook Rachel and Evan several weeks to fully ....... one another after the terrible quarrel they had while discussing whether or not to have a child 2. What makes Thomas particularly annoying is the way that he is always ......... his Oxford education to others, as if it meant that he was necessarily smarter than anyone else 3. For some reason, Hulya was insulted just because | said that | didn’t eating her fish because it had been grilled rather than fried. 4. After Aslihan told them that she was stranded and had no way to get back home at such a late hour, my parents agreed to ....... her for the night in their spare room 5. I've had this pair of boots for such a long time now that they are really getting . 6. the entire difficult process of divorce was a real strain on Sheila, but in the end she knew that it had been the right thing to do. 7. Since she had received no answer from Kaan conceming what he himself thought about the situation, Mihraca simply -.. with the story she had been telling. 8. One of the things that Quentin likes least about his personality is that he is always so passive and never capable Of «..........-.-.....--.. himself when someone confronts him 9. Fatih, who learned English in high school, ...... .... Gautham because he speaks Indian English, but what Faith doesn’t realize is that Gautham’s English is perfectly correct according to Indian English rules. 10. When Neil implied that Michael had no idea what he was talking about, Michael to prove Neil wrong by showing that, in fact, it was Neil who was ignorant of the subject. Replace the italicized phrasal verbs with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. begin defend display overcome _ shelter want 4. Only after they had got through (.........:.:-s..---1) three extraordinarily tough opponents was the team able to advance into the finals for the first time in 21 years. 2. Not feeling like (... -.) going out in such cold weather, | suggested instead that we just stay in and watch an old movie on television. 3. As soon as the general started shouting out at the captain for failing to advance, a number of his soldiers stood up for (..... ...) him by telling the general that advance had been impossible under such conditions. 4, Terence will set out on (.. =...) his cross-country walking trip at five in the morning on 1 June 2007, if everything goes alright. 5. As she had just won first prize in the school's science fair, Pat went around showing off (cessestesnsssereeeess) her blue first-prize ribbon to all of the neighbours. 6. | can put ( ....) YOU up for a couple of nights, but then you'll have to go because my parents will be coming to stay on Tuesday. - RRBComplete the sentences using the phrasal verbs in the box below. Pay attention to the verb form. 1. cut down on: lessen or reduce 2. do away with: abolish; kill 3. get at: reach or touch; mean or intend et out of: avoid and down: give to one’s descendants 6. keep at persist or continue 7. reflect on: consider thoughtfully or carefully 8. set up: establish or found 9. take on: hire 10. turn up: arrive or appear 4. Ifyou really want me to get that box all the way up on that high shelf, you'll have to give me a chair or a stepladder because I won't be able to seen. it any other way. 2. After for about half an hour ...... the possible similarities between folk music and heavy metal music, Fred came to the incorrect conclusion that there were no similarities at all 3. I knew that, no matter what | said, there was no way that I could spending the holiday with my family, so | accepted it, 4, Looking at her business’ financial situation, Naz realized that she simply could not afford to ‘any more employees than she already had 5. Despite the mayor's promise to entirely corruption in the city bureaucracy, his administration has seen more corruption than any previous one. 6. As Canan didn't .-... until about 2:30 in the morning, she had already missed the most exciting hours of Mert's graduation party. 7. One of my most treasured possessions is a navy blue trenchcoat which was from my grandfather to my father, and from my father to me. 8. Although he was having a terrible time trying to write his essay on Geoffrey Chaucer's The Pardoner's Prologue, Aaron it until he had finished it to his satisfaction. 9. Her doctor has warned Arzu many times that if she doesn't at least ... vee her smoking, she stands a good chance of developing emphysema or lung cancer at @ relatively young age. 10. In 1863, in the midst of the US Civil War, president Abraham Lincoln . the final Thursday in the month of November as Thanksgiving Day, and it has been celebrated at that time ever since, Replace the italicized phrasal verbs with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. abolish arrive reduce avoid hire mean 1. | really wish that | had been able to get out of (... .) talking with Esra, but under the circumstances, it was quite impossible. 2. In early 2003, nearly two years after bassist Jason Newsted had left the band, Metallica took on ( ) new bassist Robert Trujillo, formerly best known for his work with the band Suicidal Tendencies. 3. I might turn up ( ...) anywhere up to half hour late for the meeting, so you really should just go ahead and start without me, 4, Lately, we've been trying to cut down on ( ) the number of hours that we watch television every week, and are actually enjoying ourselves a lot more. 5. Although | wasn't exactly sure what Erkan was getting at ( ), twas sure that whatever he was saying was something that ! wouldn't be able to agree with. 6. Ifit were my decision to make, | would do away with (..... ) all standardized college entrance exams and, in their place, rely on essays, interviews, and samples of high school work REETEST YOUR VOCABULARY During the summer of 1853, 12% of the population of New Orleans was killed when alan ...... of yellow fever struck the city, A) epidemic B) sensation C) material D) structure E) substance If you're having trouble with this question, perhaps you ought to .. and move on to the next one. A) deter B) bounce ©) experience D) skip E) degrade People ...... at the talents of the young Zerah Colburn, who could find the answers to complex arithmetical problems in seconds. A) responded C) shocked B) wondered D) determined E) considered If your pet has swallowed poison, the first thing you should do is vomiting so as to get some of the poison out of its stomach. A) intend B) influence C) persuade D) regard E) induce Though many things can relieve the symptoms of the common cold, the only fully effective ...... for the virus is a good rest. A) remedy B) function C) patient D) disadvantage E) ambition Even though they're not twins, George and his brother Pablo are so. similar that it’s sometimes difficult to tell them apart. A) accordingly C) generously E) readily B) presumably D) remarkably 7. The table at the back of the book that the ethnic and religious composition of Istanbul changed over time. A) obtains B) rewards C) indicates D) inherits E) appears 8. The number of crimes that Inspector Tricksome has successfully ...... can be counted on the fingers of one hand. A) evacuated B) invested C) related D) solved E) assigned Ferdinand may have ...... World War |, but tensions in Europe at the time were so high that it probably would have started anyway. A) depended B) emphasized €) convinced D) blasted E) triggered 10. Nazim has been suffering from s\ much ...... fately that his wife, Nefise, has suggested he go to a psychologist. A) anxiety C) empathy B) violation D) delight E) conception 11. Sandpaper is paper with a scratchy material fixed to it so as to give it a/an surface. A) shallow B) vast C) immortal D) decisive ) uneven 12. Edward ery ...... by the complexities of Byzantine history, and wishes he had more time to study it. A) observed B) confined C) intrigued D) acclaimed E) devoted13, 14, 15. 16. a7. 18. 19. There is alan ...... that cinnamon is Coca-Cola's mysterious Merchandise 7X flavouring agent, but the company has denied this. A) manner B) connection C) ingredient D) rumour E) decision When Hande discovered that there was a stain on her best evening ......, she sadly began to look for something else to wear to the party. B) gown D) intention E) attendance A) escort C) insight Quite a few Europeans are under the mistaken ...... that Turkey is actually an Arab country. B) agreement D) variation E) impression A) relation C) device didn’t intend to ...... on their private conversation; | was just going into the room to get a dictionary. A) intrude C) doubt B) suspect D) complain E) separate The Mongol armies of Genghis Khan used their incredible speed and superior strategy to ...... opponents. A) exhibit ) intimidate E) interact B) counterfeit D) realize Ever since he fought in the war, Chuck has been ...... by the terrible memory of the things that he saw there. A) prevented B) maintained ©) opposed D) excelled E) haunted The winners of the first two Nobel prizes in literature, in 1901 and 1902, were Sully Prudhomme and Theodor Mommsen, ...... - 20. 24 22. 23. 24, 25. A) respectively C) intensely B) relatively D) customarily E) successfully If | want to stay in Turkey much longer, Pil have to ...... my visa, since it’s only got one week left on it. A) inflate C) transform E) mend B) propose D) extend Between 1959 and 1961, approximately 15 million Chinese died of ...... a8 2 result of famine and poor economic planning. A) coltision 8) cancellation €) aggression D) starvation E) reception Iwas extremely ...... by Quentin’s behaviour last night, as I've never known him to act in such a hostile manner. A) accustomed C) defended E) rejected B) puzzled D) delayed In the early 1990s, a few ...... of the ancient Greek playwright Aeschylus’ long-lost trilogy Achilles were found in an Egyptian mummy. A) fragments B) performances C) techniques D) achievements E) ingredients About half of the English words in common use today are Anglo-Saxon, with most of the rest ...... from Norman French, Latin, or Greek. A) immigrating C) springing B) absorbing D) intending E) signifying Deforestation contributes greatly to the . of soil, because trees help to hold the soil in place. A) erection C) conservation E) solution B) donation D) erosion26. 27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 32. When Michael Jordan’s Air Jordan shoes were released in 1985, they were expensive, but in so much demand that thousands of ...... were produced, A) replicas B) qualities C) attractions D) masses E) experts The English word “intoxicated”—used to refer to someone who is drunk—.. means “full of poison”. A) randomly B) literally €) deliberately D) eventually E) permanently first ...... on the music of Tatyos Efendi quite by accident, while looking around in a CD shop in Chicago one day. A) composed B) affected C) purchased D) happened E) sustained In 1999, Turkey experienced . earthquakes, which caused major damage and loss of li A) skeptical €) intermittent E) arrogant B) virtual D) essential The black-eyed peas that | ordered at the restaurant were so ...... that | had to tell the waiter to take them back, A) swift B) horrible €) nourishing D) tight E) melted Charles Dickens’ ...... of the terrifying Miss Havisham in Great Expectations is one of his greatest successes as a writer. A) omission C) system B) object D) depiction E) difference As the rainy weather wasn't at all . for a backyard barbecue, we deci have it in the garage instead. casas ea 33. 34. 35. 36, 37. 38. A) available C) gradual B) sociable D) initial E) favourable The orca, also known as the killer whale, ...... upon a variety of smaller sea creatures, including fish, turtles, birds, seals, and even sharks. A) insists C) blames B) preys D) belongs E) decides Neil prefers not to ...... himself in any after-school activities or clubs because he feels they are a waste of his time. A) involve B) remain C) determine D) celebrate E) succeed The most ...... natural disaster in istory is thought to be the flooding of China’s Huang He River, which killed up to 4 million people in 1931. A) embarrassing C) catastrophic E) defiant B) victorious D) enthusiastic Itwas extremely ...... for Ron to hear that his father had suffered a stroke and would probably not survive. A) bothered C) annoyed B) afraid D) distressing E) condemning When Ahmed ihsan, director of the magazine Servet-i Finan, left Turkey in 1920, the magazine stopped publication, only ...... when he returned in 1924. A) resuming B) betraying C) advising D) dedicating E) substituting Construction has been going on outside the office for two weeks, and the constant noise is a real ...... for the staff. A) promotion C) reduction B) irritation D) destruction E) description39. When water and oxygen react with an iron compound, they ...... it, and the compound turns to rust. B) mistake D) delay A) injure C) produce E) corrode 40. I really wish that these kitchen weren't so high up; | always have to stretch to put the plates on their top shelves. A) utensils B) entrances C) cabinets D) wardrobes E) revisions 41. The two artists most closely ...... with the Cubist movement in art are Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, A) associated B) furnished C) supplied D) disappointed E) provided 42. As there was not enough ...... against Ms. McAllister to hold her at the police station overnight, she had to be released. A) evidence B) honour C) response D) identity E) treatment 43. On 16 September 1862, two armies prepared for battle in Maryland, and in the ...... fight, over 3,600 men would lose their lives. B) conceming D) including A) participating C) ensuing E) dating 44, | certainly didn’t want to get into an argument with Terry, but he was .. me with his constant insults. A) gathering B) provoking C) introducing D) concealing E) consenting 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Some politicians are distrusted by the public because they engage in a great amount of political ...... . A) intellect B) illustration C) insertion D) intrigue £) instance The accident seems to have . sometime around midnight, though we cannot be sure since there were no eyewitnesses. A) committed B) rehearsed C) punished D) crashed! &) occurred The Vietnam War still has a great ...... for the United States because it proved that the country was by no means. undefeatable. A) approach B) violence C) regulation D) requirement E) significance ‘As most of the city’s pre-20th century documents were ...... of long ago, researchers into the city’s history have a very difficult task. A) disposed B) consisted C) convinced D) informed E) suspected Many major companies have been accused of ...... workers in their factories, offering them very little pay to work under awful conditions. A) achieving B) exploiting C) permitting D) dwelling E) inferring Owing to the shop's discount prices, | was able to get the complete symphonies of Ludwig van Beethoven for ...... $20. B) correctly D) equally A) particularly C) poorly E) merelyYDS - VOCABULARY 4, How much money did you ...... on those new shoes? A) purchase C) spend B) cost D) price E) afford 2. Our bank account is ...... empty—we don’t even have one kurus in it. A) completely C) largely B) relatively D) gradually E) cautiously 3. Ifa person is studying English literature, some knowledge of classical literature will be ...... to him or her, because there are many common references in the two. A) careful B) useful C) skillful D) delightful E) respectful 4, Susan is ...... the best player on the basketball team, but she doesn’t get on well with the other players. A) smoothly ©) surely B) rarely D) equally E) properly 5. | think your design for the building the best, but | won't be making the final sethe manager will. A) decision C) edition B) regard D) mission E) device 6. In athletics, the first of the 10 decathlon is a 100-metre run. A) facilities C) articles B) deals D) reasons E) events 7. If!'m ina hurry, | use the local grocers, but I ...... shopping in supermarkets otherwise. 10. "1. 12, 13. A) respect B) realize C) consist D) prefer E) promise Have you ...... an e-mail from your cousin in Lagos yet? A) received B) reminded C) recognized D) revealed E) remained pass close to the Earth, probable that one will hit the planet in the future. A) carelessly C) patiently B) equally D) rarely E) frequently Amber has been suffering since her husband deserted her just over four weeks ago. A) variously C) considerately E) monthly B) terribly D) usually You shouldn't walk under that building because it isn’t .....—see, its balcony is collapsing there, A) capable C) high B) safe D) fit E) suitable If you don’t drink milk, cheese or yoghurt can still ...... you with calcium. A) predict C) allow B) deliver D) provide E) consume Malagasy—the main language of Madagascar—and Malay are . because they both come from the same language family. A) widespread €) similar B) fluent D) peculiar E) nearby44, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Shawn has been to learn Japanese for nine years, but she still has problems in simple conversations. A) testing B) requiring C) composing D) considering E) trying It is not ...... for Pierre to go to football matches during the week, but he does sometimes. A) usual C) unlikely E) sudden B) obvious D) eternal Japan is a fascinating country to visi but you should . Osaka, as there isn’t a lot to see there. A) prevent ©) avoid B) regret D) confront E) explore If you don’t behave more ...... towards your daughter, your relationship with her will get worse. A) increasingly B) accordingly C) eventually D) caringly E) exceedingly Drew couldn't even look at the 16th- floor apartment because he is ...... of heights. A) worried C) upset B) afraid D) annoyed E) restricted In The Book of One Thousand and One Nights, the jealous king Shahriyar is fascinated by the ...... that Shahrazad tells him. A) tales B) mentions €) ruins D) intervals E) auditions You don’t have to pay me anything, because it was a/an ...... helping you learn to drive, 2. 22, 23. 24, 25. 26. A) treasure B) pressure C) pleasure D) measure E) closure Benjamin is able to type very .....—he can write one hundred words a minute ona keyboard. A) primarily C) suddenly B) repeatedly D) quickly E) punctually Only a small amount of chlorine is used in swimming pools, because large amounts of the chemical are to humans. A) wild C) unfair B) harmful D) rotten E) indifferent The countries of the Black Sea .... came together in 1992 and formed the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. A) circle C) wealth B) nation D) edge E) region Bianca found the soap opera episode , but she doesn’t intend to continue watching the series. B) envious D) fictional E) entertaining A) unfamiliar C) partial That woman in the next office is ...... for lost property from the metro, so you should give the handbag that you found to her. A) loyal B) worthy C) sensible D) responsible E) valuable In Persian Gulf countries, it is a/an .. to drink three cups of Arabic coffee if you are a guest in somebody’s home. A) custom B) attitude C) intention D) construction E) friendship27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Understanding the ...... of ancient cities, such as Aphrodisis near Denizli, is difficult without a guidebook. B) solutions A) estimates D) journeys C) remains E) results Can you ...... Stig to have a bath? He hasn't washed for four days, and he isn’t listening to me. B) argue D) reward E) persuade A) accept C) need {f Colin had listened to Ramona’s he wouldn't have almost drowned when he went swimming in the sea. A) advice C) memory B) content D) proportion E) achievement Bursa is a/an .... population of just over a isn’t an enormous one. big city, as it has a ion, but it A) extremely B) fairly C) rapidly D) entirely E) briefly Oranges are........ grown in the Americas, but there are also some orange plantations in the Mediterranean and southern Asia. B) warmly D) mostly E) formerly A) solely C) exactly Millicent wants to join the tennis club, because if she is a....... there, then she can go whenever she wants to. B) habit A) game D) payment C) member E) support Alexander Selkirk lived on Robinson Crusoe Island, depressed and . from 1704 until 1709. B) fatal D) extinct A) alone €) only E) fair 34, 35, 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. If it doesn’t snow soon, nobody will be able to ...... on this mountain during the holidays. A) bear B) drop C) freeze D) ski E) attend Your stomach is ...... hurting you very much. Why don’t you go and see the doctor about i A) intentionally B) largely C) widely D) slightly E) obviously {fit rains ...... tonight, the baseball game will have to be put off. A) fully B) busily ©) heavily D) thoughifully E) merely Kubilay only made one ...... on his multiple-choice English exam, but it was a very big one. A) trouble C) answer B) mistake D) crime E) difficulty James has a very bad relationship with his brothers, so he didn’t ...... them to his wedding, A) suspend B) provoke C) witness D) invite E) concern Before World War Il, the Japanese wasn’t taken seriously by Western powers, but their view changed after it beat them in many battles. A) bullet C) military B) conflict D) defeat E) tournament National parks, such as the Manyas Bird Paradise in Balikesir, are set up to the wildlife and plants of a certain area. A) protect B) propose C) promise D) project E) proceed