~) The Passive 1. Clay Read the passage below, and then choose the correct answer according to the passage. ‘Thousands of years ago, human beings discovered the useful qualities of the kind of soil that is called clay. By using these qualities, they were able to make many different useful items, from bricks for building houses to vessels for drinking water. The most important quality of clay is that itis plastic when wet, which means that it can be shaped easily. When dry, however, it becomes firm, and when itis, " then subjected to high temperatures, or “tiring”, permanent physical __ and chemical reactions occur. These reactions cause the clay to become _{ virtually as hard as stone. This firing process is carried out in a kiln, a fireplace or oven that has been specifically designed for hardening clay. These properties of clay make it an ideal substance for making durable pottery items that are both practical and decorative. Different types of clay and firing conditions produce different types of items, like earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain Depending on the content of the soil, clay can appear in various colours, from a dull gray to a deep orange-red. Today, clays continue to be one of the cheapest and most widely used materials. Bricks, cooking pots, art objects, dishware, and even musical instruments like the ocarina are all made with clay. Clay is also used in many industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, pottery, and chemical fitering, 3. Itis understood from the passage that 1. Itis clear from the passage that clay ‘A) was the most important substance for early humans B) changes when it is put in water or in fire C) can be used to make fires burn hotter D) is made of the same material as plastic E) has both useful and non-useful qualities 2. We learn from the passage that clay....... | 4, A) was sometimes mixed with drinking water by early humans B) is usually found together with stone in the ground C) comes in a number of different kinds and colours D) is the only substance that is used to make pottery items E) can be used to make most musical instruments a pottery ... A) consists mostly of vessels for drinking water B) is used both for its function and its beauty C) needs a higher firing temperature than porcelain D) can be used to make kilns, fireplaces, and ovens E) is produced in the same way as cement We can conclude from the passage that clay A) is destroyed in extremely high temperatures B) is found in nature in forms that are as hard as stone C) is more often a gray colour than an orange-red one D) is quite expensive to use in industrial processes E) has been used in a similar way for thousands of yearsTry to guess the meaning of the following words from the passage without using a dictionary. 1. vessels A)occasions B) parcels) surfaces. D) containers) desires 2. plastic A) flexible ~—_—B) stiff €) skillful D) generous —_E) gradual 3. firm A) solid B) thorough) messy D) accidental) complex 4, subjected A) consumed B)exposed —C) occurred ~—D) designed —_E) opposed 5. permanent A) testing B) knowing —_C) lasting D) longing E) keeping 6. properties A) inventions B) decisions C) characteristics D) aesthetics _E) discoveries 7. durable A) left-handed B)damaged C) assured —_D) open-minded E) long-lived 8. items A) things B) effects C) situations —D) classes E) measures 9. dull A) dumb B) done C) deat D) dim E) drunk [e] Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Clay is plastic when wet, which means it can be easily shaped. A) Itis not difficult to shape clay when it is wet, because itis flexible. B) Itis only when clay is wet that its flexible and easy to give shape to. C) Plastic is made out of wet clay, and so it is not hard to shape. 2. The properties of clay make it an ideal substance for making durable pottery items that are both practical and decorative. A) Ideally, both useful and ornamental pottery items thal have been made from the substance clay should be long-lived. B) Pottery items are ideal because they are not only decorative, but also useful, and they are also long-lasting, because they have been made from clay. C) Clay has characteristics that make it an excellent material for the creation of long-lasting useful and ornamental pieces of pottery. 3. Depending on the content of the soil, clay can appear in various colours, from a dull gray to a deep orange-red. A) Soil and clay are both made up of contents that cause many different colours, from a dark gray to a bright orange-red, to appear. B) Dim gray clay is different from dark orange-red clay because the content of the soil causes other colours to appear in it as well €) The colour of clay ranges from a dim gray to a dark orange-red according to what the soil is made up of.[p] In the following passages, find the missing sentence of the passage. 4 Clay is formed by the action of wind and water on certain kinds of rocks over thousands of years. Chemically, elements like potassium and aluminum are added or taken away. Physically, the rocks break down into smailer and smaller pieces. After a long time, some of the rock changes to clay. A) Wind and water are the main shapers of the world’s landscapes B) Many different chemical elements come together to make up clay C) Some types of clay have been involved in several deadly landslides D) Play-Doh is a clay-like substance that is sold as a children’s toy E) These rocks are changed in both chemical and physical ways wou « First, they add water to soften the clay. This makes it easier to form into shapes by hand or machine. After shaping, the clay is fired in an extremely hot stove. The result is a container with a hard surface that will last for many years, A) There are either three or four main types of clay B) Unused clay pits are sometimes filled with water and used for sailing, swimming, or scuba diving C) The Gay Head cliffs in Massachusetts are made almost entirely of clay D) Potters around the world use clay to make containers of all kinds E) Clay particles are much smaller than even the smallest sand particles ae 3. Some types of clay are formed by volcanoes, and contain many minerals, Because of this, the fires used to harden them must be hotter than the fires used for other types of clay. These fires may be as hot as 1,400° Celsius. ...... . This means that the highest firing temperature should not be reached too fast. A) Volcanic lava can only reach a temperature of 1,200° Celsius B) Kilns are an essential part of the manufacture of all ceramics C) Pottery is a craft that requires a lot of patience D) This is not, however, hot enough to melt the metal titanium: E) It is also important to fire clay objects slowly 4. Different materials can be added to clay desired results. For example, sand is very often used as an additive substance. It helps to prevent tiny cracks from forming in the finished product, and also adds texture. ...... Instead, sand from rivers, or from other areas of land that are not near the sea, should be used. ‘A) However, sand from the coasts of oceans is not suitable as an additive, because it contains salt B) There are five different classifications for sand: very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, and very fine €) A crack in a piece of pottery can ruin its usefulness, but not always its beauty D) Texture refers to how an item or piece of material feels when a person touches it E) Another additive is grog, which is clay that has been fired and then crushed. . This is especially true if volca- noes helped form the land, or if the land has been covered with water at some point. The clay will generally be found about one metre below the ground. Riverbanks often have clay as well, usually about one metre or less beneath the surface. A) Children can sometimes be very entertained by playing with clay B) Good clay can usually be found in low areas of islands, or on land €C) Geological formations can be created through a number of different processes D) There are a great many different varieties of volcano E) Volcanoes and floods are two examples of natural disasters 6. Clay is fairly easily recognized because is very shiny when it is wet. .... t, take some of the material and add enough water to it to make it seem like dough. Then, press it in your hand until it is about the size of an egg. If it holds together instead of falling apart when you stop pressing, it is probably clay. A) It can also be very messy to handle, though B) The smell of clay is not especially distinct, however C) However, you can also perform a test to determine its identity D) But sometimes it can be difficult to differentiate clay from mud E) When itis dry, though, it can crumble to pieces quite easily sentence? 4. (I) Pottery is one of the most ancient, and useful, of human handicrafts. (Il) The word “pottery” can have a number of different meanings. (Ill) In its most general defini- tion, pottery is any type of material that contains clay. (IV) More often, however, pottery refers to a specific technique where clay is mixed with other materials and formed into objects. (V) Pottery can also mean the place where pottery is made, as in the sentence, “| use this room asa pottery.” A)l By cyl py. EV In the following passages, one sentence in each passage doesn’t fit well with the other sentences, and this prevents a smooth reading. Can you find the odd 2. (I) A person who makes pottery is tradi- tionally known as a potter. (ll) The word “pot” comes from the spoken Latin word pottus, whose meaning is uncertain. (II!) The potter's most basic tool is his or her hands. (IV) However, many helpful tools have been created over the long history of pottery manufacture. (V) These include the potter's wheel, various paddles, shaping tools, slab rollers, and cutting tools. Al Bl cyih DIVE)3. (I) Making pottery purely by hand is the most ancient pottery technique. (ll) It leads to very individualized pieces, and no two pieces of hand- made pottery are ever exactly the same. (ill) Because of this, itis not suitable for making precisely matched sets of items, like dinner- ware. (IV) Dinner- ware is also known as “crockery’ or “china’. (V) However, itis am excellent technique (or creating unique works of art. Al Bil cyl D)IV. EV 4. (I) Inusing a potter's wheel, first, a ball of clay is placed in the centre of the turntable. (Il) Then, the wheel is made to start tuming, and is kept turning either by the potter's foot or by an electric motor. (Itt) While the wheel is turning, the ball of clay is gently pressed, squeezed, and pulled into shape. (IV) When the potter is shaping the clay, he or she must be very careful to keep it centered and not to let it move from side to side. (V) Beginners also generally have lots of trouble in trying to lear how to work a potter's wheel well. Al Bil cyl oD) EDV era 5. (I) The first known kind of potter's wheel was the aneient tumtable, a powered and fairly slow-spinning device. (Il) At extremely high ¢ speeds, though, the clay on a potter's wheel can become very difficult to control. (Ill) The » tumtabie has been used since about 4,000 BC to help potters smooth and round out their creations. (IV) Today, turntables are also known as "kickwheels”, because the potter Kicks the whee to start it turing, (V) Although this requires more effort than a modern electric potter's wheel, the tumtable remains very popular among many potters. A)I B) Il cil DIV EV Stone, Gisss, or Metal Tip ‘and Socket (I) Pottery, ike most other kinds of manu- facture, changed as a result of technological advances. (Il) In par- ticular, the mass pro- duction methods that were popularized in the 20th century have changed the potter's craft. (Ill) It was Henry Ford who first made mass production popular when he used the process to create his Ford Model T's at a quick pace, (IV) Before this, potters often had little time to focus on the aesthetic aspects of their work, as they had to produce as rapidly as possible. (V) Since mass production took over the creation of useful pottery items, however, potters have had more time to concentrate on creating real works of art. Ai By Cyl Dyiv E)V2. Bumblebees and Honeybees A] _ Read the passage below, and then choose the correct answer according to the passage. AM ‘ 2 There are two types of bee society: eusocial and quasisocial. Eusocial bees, such as honeybees, are characterized by having different functions. They have specialized tasks and care for the hive and its inhabitants in a cooperative manner. They live in massive hives, each of which has a single queen (who must be cared for at all times), together with workers and drones. Quasisocial bees, such as bumblebees, are similar, except that their hives are much smaller and their queens are typically able to survive on their own for at least a short time. The life cycle of bumblebees begins in the spring when the queen bee rises from hibernation. At this time, the queen is the one that does all the work, because there are as yet no worker bees to do it. She searches for a place to build her nest and she builds the honeypots. She also performs the collection of nectar and pollen. Bumblebee colonies die off in the autumn, after raising a small last generation of queens, which hibernate (and thus survive) in concealed spots. Interestingly, bumblebee queens sometimes seek winter safety in honeybee hives, where they are sometimes found dead in the spring by beekeepers. They are presumably stung to death by the honeybees, which are far more aggressive than the gentle bumblebees, It is not known whether any succeed in winter survival in such an environment As already stated, bumblebee hives are much smaller than those of honeybees: it is possible to find bumblebee colonies that consist of fewer than 50 individual bees; by contrast, an average honeybee hive at the height of summer will have anywhere between 30,000 and 50,000 bees. Honeybees survive the winter as a colony, rather than individually. The queen begins laying eggs in midwinter so as to prepare for spring: the shortening length of days is probably what initiates the laying. Unlike with bumblebees, the honeybee queen is the only fertile female, and lays all the eggs from which the other bees are produced. Except for her one necessary mating flight, or a flight to establish a new colony, the queen almost never leaves the hive after the larvae have become full-grown bees. She deposits each egg in a cell prepared by the worker bees. The egg hatches into a small larva which is then fed by nurse bees, the worker bees who maintain the interior of the hive. After about a week, depending on the species, the larva is sealed up inside its cell by the nurse bees. After another week, again depending on species, it will emerge as an adult bee. 4. It is clear from the passage that . ‘A) bumblebee colonies can have no more than 50 members B) only queen honeybees are actually capable of flight C) queen honeybees live longer than queen bumblebees D) only queen bumblebees are still alive in spring E) bumblebee colonies are made up of queens, workers, and drones 2. It is understood from the passage that .. A) quasisocial bee societies are more successful than eusocial ones B) honeybees are more numerous than bumblebees as a whole C) there are both king and queen honeybees and bumblebees B) no honeybee is capable of surviving on its own E) female bumblebees that are not queens can also lay eggs 3. It can be concluded from the passage that . ‘A) honeybee queens lay only a very small number of eggs at a time B) the sting of a honeybee is normally fatal to people C) there is more to fear from honeybees than from bumblebees D) bumblebee larvae are able to survive on their own for a short time E) honeybees generally live for only one season Biss Language Studie[B] ‘Try to guess the meaning of the words in bold type in the passage without using a dictionary. 1. massive ‘A) thoughtful B) objective €) large ——-—D) comprehensive. E) thorough 2.as yet A) still B) already C) seldom —_D) before E) eventually 3.concealed A) passive B) concerned _C) exhausted D) hidden E) lethal 4. presumably A) equally B) enormously C) thickly D) accordingly _—_E) probably S.consistof A) migrate B) contain C) relate -—D) desire E) suspend 6. initiates A)imagines B) causes —C) joins D) utiizes E) becomes 7.deposits A) discovers B) rescues —C) indicates) praises E) places 8. maintain A) tunover_B)getby —_C) look after D) put off E) take out 9. sealed A) depended B) caught —C) obliged -—_D) closed £) mended }c | Write T (True) or F (False) for the statements below according to the passage. . As with bumblebees, only the honeybee queen lives through the winter. . The honeybee queen must leave the hive in order to mate. . Bumblebees are relatively inactive during the winter. . It takes exactly one week for adult honeybees to emerge from their cells, . Most of the bumblebees from each colony survive the winter. . While bumblebees are eusocial, honeybees are quasisocial. . Nurse bees care for the honeybee hive and its young Bumblebee queens winter in honeybee hives without problem |. The hives of honeybees are larger than those of bumblebees. 40. A eusocial environment is distinguished by its hierarchy and cooperation PENOarons le the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Bumblebees are similar to honeybees, except that their hives are much smaller and their queens are typically able to survive on their own for a short time. ‘A) Though bumblebees resemble honeybees in terms of how small their hives are, bumblebee queens tend to be capable of surviving alone for a short period of time. B) Bumblebee hives are far smaller than those of honeybees, and, typically, their queens can manage to briefly survive alone, but otherwise, bumblebees resemble honeybees. C) Queen bumblebees sometimes have to survive alone for a short time, unlike queen honeybees, owing to how much smaller the bumblebee hives are. CR REISTry to guess the mea: 1g of the words in bold type in the passage without using a dictionary. 4. massive A) thoughtful B) objective C) large D) comprehensive E) thorough 2. as yet A) still B) already C) seldom —_D) before E) eventually 3. concealed A) passive B) concerned _C) exhausted D) hidden E) lethal 4. presumably A) equally B) enormously C) thickly) accordingly _E) probably 5. consist of A) migrate B) contain C) relate ——D) desire E) suspend 6. initiates A)imagines B)causes —C) joins D) utilizes E) becomes T.deposits A) discovers B) rescues C) indicates _D) praises E) places 8. maintain A) tumover_B)getby __C) look after D) put off E) take out 9. sealed A) depended B) caught —C) obliged _—_—D) closed E) mended [e] Write T (True) or F (False) for the statements below according to the passage. 1. As with bumblebees, only the honeybee queen lives through the winter. 2. The honeybee queen must leave the hive in order to mate. 3. Bumblebees are relatively inactive during the winter. 4. It takes exactly one week for adult honeybees to emerge from their cells. 5. Most of the bumblebees from each colony survive the winter. . 6. While bumblebees are eusocial, honeybees are quasisocial 7, 8. 9. 1 . Nurse bees care for the honeybee hive and its young, . Bumblebee queens winter in honeybee hives without problem. |. The hives of honeybees are larger than those of bumblebees. 0. A eusocial environment is distinguished by its hierarchy and cooperation. Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Bumblebees are similar to honeybees, except that their hives are much smaller and their queens are typically able to survive on their own for a short time. A) Though bumblebees resemble honeybees in terms of how small their hives are, bumblebee queens tend to be capable of surviving alone for a short period of time. B) Bumblebee hives are far smaller than those of honeybees, and, typically, their queens can manage to briefly survive alone, but otherwise, bumblebees resemble honeybees. C) Queen bumblebees sometimes have to survive alone for a short time, unlike queen honeybees, owing to how much smaller the bumblebee hives are.2, Bumblebee queens sometimes seek winter safety in honeybee hives, where they are sometimes found dead in the spring by beekeepers. ‘A) According to beekeepers, honeybees often sting to death the bumblebee queens that go to seek safety in the winter in their hives. B) Every spring beekeepers find dead bumblebee queens in honeybee hives, and they think the queens may have come there for winter shelter. C) On occasion in the spring, beekeepers discover in honeybee hives dead bumblebee queens, which sometimes search for winter shelter there. The honeybee queen begins laying eggs in midwinter so as to prepare for spring; the shortening length of days is probably what initiates the laying. A) It must be the days becoming shorter that causes the honeybee queen to start laying eggs in the middle of winter, which it does in order to get ready for the spring. B) In midwinter, prompted by the shortening length of days, the honeybee queen starts to lay eggs, which will not hatch until spring, however. €) As soon as the days start to get shorter in the middle of winter, and all the way up until spring comes, the honeybee queen lays eggs. Complete the blanks with the correct preposition. Use the prepositions given in the list below. as for of by as for of off at from on to between from on 1. White wine is produced ....... grapes whose skin is kept apart from the grapes’ juice during the fermentation process. 2. Inspector Costello Tricksome's search sonenen the stolen rubies has produced no results «0. yet, possibly because his method of searching consists mostly SMOKING @ PIPE onsen his own in his study while trying to imagine where the thieves might have gone. 3. Many people believe that the consumption of alcohol causes brain cells to die .... slowly, but this has been proven false. 4. American author William Faulkner cared greatly - . how his sentences and stories were constructed, and spent a great deal of time working on them; contrast, Sherwood Anderson wrote quickly and often carelessly, whenever inspiration struck. 5. Cannibalistic serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was beaten death with a broom in 1994, while serving his 936 years of prison time. ; sosssee the height . the European plague epidemic of 1347-1351, somewhere 6 million and 8 million people were dying per year. 7. The time at which | actually rise bed—as opposed to just waking up— tends to depend whether or not I have any pressing business that day. 8. Arachnids, such ....... spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites, are most easily distinguished from insects by the fact that they have eight, rather than six, legs. veneneaett3. Acupuncture A) Acupuneture is an ancient Chinese medical technique that is s Used to relieve pain, cure diseases, and improve general health. It was devised before 2500 BC in China, and by the late 20th century, it was being used in many other areas of the world. Acupuncture consists of the insertion of one or several small metal needles into the skin at precise points on the body. Acupuncture grew out of the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang. Yin, which is the female principle, is passive and dark and is represented by the earth. Yang, which is the male principle, is active and light and is represented by the heavens. The forces of yin and yang act in the human body as they do throughout the natural universe as a whole. Disease or physical disharmony is caused by an imbalance of these two forces in the body, and the goal of Chinese. medicine is to bring the yin and the yang back into balance with each other, thus restoring the person to health. An imbalance of yin and yang results in an obstruction of the vital life force, or i, in the body. The fundamental energy of gi flows through 12 points, or pathways, in the body. Each of these pathways is associated with a major organ, such as the liver, and with a functional body system. Acupuncture is designed to affect the distribution of yin and yang in these channels so that the qi will be able to flow freely and harmoniously. Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. We learn from the passage that acupuncture 3. We can infer from the passage that what acupunture practitioners basically try to do is A) is based on an old Chinese philosophy A) to make acupuncture recognized B) has some similarity to Western medicine ) is very painful to receive D) is disliked by some people because it involves needles E) would have died out ifit had not proven so effective 2. Itis clear from the passage that acupuncture ...... A) is now more common elsewhere than in China B) is not believed by some people C) is more effective in treating diseases of the liver than of other organs D) helped establish Chinese philosophy E) has been practised for thousands of years ae worldwide as a scientific method B) to make money by taking advantage of people who are desperately ill C) to restore health by letting qi flow freely throughout the body D) to help people change their lifestyles permanently E) to spread the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang 4, We understand from the passage that the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang .... A) believes in equality among the genders B) no longer has many supporters C) is not in harmony with Wester philosophies D) considers the earth and the universe on the basis of gender E) is just one of many Chinese philosophies‘Try to guess the meaning of the words in bold type in the passage without using a dictionary. 1. ancient A) flat B) shy ©) old D) stale E) late 2. relieve A) delay B) ease C)refuse —_D) suffer E) ensure 3. improve _A) better B) deny C)exclude —D) wander) hurry 4.devised A) considered —_B) perceived . C) controlled D) developed _E) expected 5. insertion A) breaking up —_B) getting off) turning up) putting in) setting out 6. principle A) method B) fashion C) element D) delivery —_—E) ghost 7. disharmony A) composition _B) obedience) battle D) argument —_E) conflict 8. imbalance A) examination B) inequality) inspection) survey E) review Q.restoring A) rehabilitating B) producing) generating D) creating —_—E) reducing 10. obstruction A) blockage B) progression C) statement D) notion E) flow 11. associated A) divided B) parted C) linked D) honoured ~—_E) compared Complete the table with the forms of the words as in the example. More than one answer is possible for some word forms. eg. relieve (verb) _relief (noun) __relievable __ (adjective) 1. cure (v) (nh aaa.) (adv) 2. improve (v) (rn) adj.) _ (adv) 3. insertion (n) ” — (adj.) 4. precise (adj) ()) adv) 5. represent (v) () __(adj.)_|-____ (aa) 6. active (adj.) (n) ———___ —_____ fad) 7. disharmony (n) (adj.) (adv) 8. restore (v) (n) (adj) ____ (adv) 9. obstruction (n) Wad.) __ adv.) 10. associate (v) oo _ — (adj.) — __ (adv) 11. affect (v) (n) (adj) ________s (adv) — (vy) fad.) ___ (adv) aS 12. distribution (n)Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence 1. Acupuncture grew out of the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang. A) The philosophy which acupuncture is based on is similar to the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang. B) In China in ancient times, acupuncture was practised, mostly by those who supported the philosophy of yin and yang, C) The ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang is the source from which acupuncture developed. 2. The forces of yin and yang act in the human body as they do throughout the natural universe as a whole. A) The human body is affected by the forces of yin and yang because it is part of the natural universe B) The forces of yin and yang work in the human body and the entire natural universe in the same way. C) The influence of the forces of yin antl yang is observed not only in the human body, but also in the whole of the universe. 3. Disease is caused by an imbalance in the body of the two forces called yin and yang. A) Ifyin and yang, the two forces in the body, are not in balance, the resulting condition is disease. B) When people become ill, their balance of yin and yang, the two forces in the body, are disturbed. C) The best way to cure diseases is to correct the imbalance of yin and yang, the two forces in the body. [E] Rewrite the sentences in the active form. 1. Acupuncture was devised before 2500 BC in China, and by the late 20th century, it was being used in many other areas of the world 2. Yin, which is the female principle, is passive and dark and is represented by the earth, 3. Disease, or physical disharmony, is caused by an imbalance of these two forces in the body. 4. Acupuncture is designed to affect the distribution of yin and yang in these channels so that the qi will be able to flow freely and harmoniously.4. Check What You Know Violence and Death in the Field of Play The Heysel Stadium Disaster On 29 May 1985, English football club Liverpool played Italian side Juventus in the European Cup final in Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium. In addition to the usual areas reserved for fans of both sides, the authorities also (1) ...... a space for neutral fans. (2) ...... Liverpool and Juventus opposed this idea because it would enable the two rival teams’ supporters to sit together in the same area. Between the space reserved for the Liverpool fans and the neutral area, there was only a flimsy wire fence. Before the match, a group of Liverpool fans broke down the fence and rushed (3) ...... this neutral space and towards the Juventus fans’ side; in the panic that followed, 39 people were crushed to death. Liverpool fans later claimed that their action was a response to the Juventus supporters who (4) ...... rocks and other objects at them. Despite the disaster, it was felt that abandoning the game (6) ...... more trouble, and the match eventually started. Juventus won 1-0 with a controversial penalty scored by Michel Platini. 1. A) entered into B) went off C) set aside D) called upon E) got down 2 A) Not only B) Both €) Either D) Neither E) Whether 3. A) across B) from €) with D) alongside E) above 4. A) were throwing B) are thrown C) have thrown D) throw E) had been thrown 5. A) would rather cause B) had to cause €) should have caused D) could cause E) ought to cause Hank Gathers Itwas in the 1988-89 ‘American college basketball season that Eric "Hank’ Gathers (6) as a star for Loyola| Marymount University, in his junior year. He became only the second player in history to lead the nation in both scoring and rebounding in the same season, and began (7) . the very best NBA prospect. At the beginning of the 1989-90 season, however, Gathers collapsed on the court during a game. When he (8) ...... later, he was found to have an abnormai heartbeat, so he was given regulatory medicine. But after a Tew more months of playing, he felt that the medicine hurt his playing ability and—against medical advice he cut back on the dosage. In a tournament game on 4 March 1990, just after he (9) ...... a dramatic slamdunk, he once again collapsed on the court. This time, though, he never got up: he was declared dead on arrival at alan (10) ...... hospital. An autopsy found that he suffered from a heart muscle disorder, cardiomyopathy. He was only 23 years old. 6. A depended B) approved C) persuaded D) occurred E) emerged 7. A) considered B) considering C) consider D) to consider E) to be considered 8. A) examined C) has been examined D) will be examined E) had examined 8} was examined A) had made B) makes C) was making D) has made E) would make 10. A) nearing B) nearby C) nearly D) nearest E) nearness eeMONICA SELES In March 1991, the Serbian tennis player Monica Seles moved past German Steffi Graf into the number one ranking. (11) the next two years, she continued to play excellently. But then, on 30 April 1993, at a tournament in Hamburg, Germany, “© (12)....... Seles was _ sitting courtside for a break between games, a man stabbed a 25.4-cm kitchen knife between her shoulder blades. She was tushed to the hospital immediately as the man was taken into custody by security officers. Initially, there was speculation that the stabbing (13) ...... by politics, owing to Seles’ Serbian roots. However, it turned out that the attacker, Ginter Parche, was simply a Steffi Graf fanatic (14) ...... wanted Graf to return to the number one ranking. As Parche was found to be mentally il, he was released into psychiatric care. Meanwhile, Seles (15) from her physical wound within a few weeks. The psychological damage, though, kept her away from tennis for more than two years. 11, A) Onto C) Over B) Past D) From E) Upon 12, A) during B) while €) afterwards D) whenever E) ever since 13, A) ought to have motivated B) has been motivating C) would have been motivated D) could be motivating E) might have been motivated 14. A) which C) where B) what D) who E) whose 15. A) separated C) treated B) cured D) recovered E) examined ANDRES ESCOBAR In the first round of the 1994 World Cup, Colombia was playing against the United States when Colombian defender Andrés Escobar scored an own goal As a result, the United States won the match 2-1, and Colombia failed to qualify for the second round. Ten days later, Escobar was outside of a bar in Medellin, Colombia, when he (46) ...... by aman. ‘The man drew a gun and shot Escobar twelve times. Escobar's girlfriend, who was also present al the scene, said the man shouted “goal” for (17) ...... of the twelve bullets he fired. Escobar died instantly, and the killer— Humberto Mufioz Castro—was found guilty (18) ...... murder and sentenced to 43 years in prison. To this day, however, itis unclear whether Castro was acting (19) ......, or was sent out by one of the gambling syndicates that had bet large (20) ...... of money on the Colombian team, 16. A) had confronted B) has been confronted C) was confronted D) could confront E) will confront 17. A) much B) both C) neither D) whole E) each 18. A) of B) at C) by D)in E) from 19. A) him B) by themselves C) theirs D) of their own E) on his own 20. A) numbers B) sums C) terms D) symbols E) assetsERIC CANTONA In January 1995, Manchester United footballer Eric Cantona received a ted card in a match against Crystal Palace in London. | As he was leaving the field, he (21) leapt into the air and kicked one of the fans in the chest. Everyone was shocked Why or on earth had he done (22) ...... a thing? In fact, Cantona had had a very good reason (23) kicking the fan: Matthew Simmons, the person kicked, had been throwing racial insults at Cantona and his teammates throughout the match. Because of his decisive response, Cantona became a hero to many, him’ even though the British press (24) as a villain, The Football Association apparently agreed with the press, (25) ... they banned him from playing until he following October. He was also sentenced to 120 hours of community service 24 A) gradually B) suddenly ¢) hardly D) permanently E) perfectly 22. A) such B) so C) enough D) many E) so much 23. A) with B) by €) for D)to E) at 24, A) succeeded B) relieved C) compared D) commented E) depicted 25. A) but C) whether B) although D) since E) because of THE MALICE AT THE PALACE On 19 November 4 2004, the NBA's Indiana Pacers were playing their rivals, the Detroit Pistons. (26) ...... the end of the game, Piston player Ben Wallace was fouled hard by Pacer Ron Artest. Wallace responded by choking Artest, and many players on both teams were soon involved in a fight. Artest moved away from the fighting and lay down on the scorers’ table beside the court. Then, a spectator in the crowd threw a cup of beer at him, and with the help of two other Pacers, Artest began to punch the man (27) ...... he believed responsible. (28) ...... nearby spectators started fighting the three Pacers in turn. Eventually, calm was restored, until two spectators ran onto the court, confronted Artest, and got punched. (29) ...... the fight ended, nine spectators had been slightly injured. Artest (30) ...... for the rest of the season, and lost about $5 million in salary. 26. A) Towards B) Over C) Between D) Since E) Among 27. A) what B) whom C) whose D) when E) where 28. A) One another B) Another C) The others D) Other E) Others 29. A) However B) In order to C) Because D) For fear that E) By the time 30. A) needn't play B) shouldn't play C) wasn't allowed to play D) hasn't had to play E) had better not play9- Learn These Phrasal Verbs A | ‘Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb form. 1, break down become ineffective; cease to function . 2. bear out substantiate; prove that something or an idea is actually true > 3. catch on grasp mentally; understand 4. cross off remove a word or phrase from a list by putting a line through it; delete 5. draw back move away from somebody or something, often through fear or surprise 6. fall apart have emotional problems that you cannot deal with; collapse. 7. geton enter or board a public vehicle ’ 8, move on start doing a new activity 9. slip away depart quietly and without being noticed 40. wash out remove a mark by washing 1. Because of her depression, the English writer Virginia Woolf started to and eventually committed suicide. Giovanni wanted William to leave his house, so he stopped speaking to him and started yawning, but Wiliam didn’t ......00es.n. and $0 he stayed for two more hours. Even though Zeynep was pregnant, she had to stand after she had ......c0:scensen the minibus because nobody would give her a place. It seems that your prediction about Meg and Dave's marriage breaking apart is being by their increasingly severe arguments. Chicken WaS «.cnnmneon the Menus of certain restaurants during the public scare over bird flu When the huge dog started to move towards Jonathan, he started to .. because he was afraid of it. I can't wear my white jacket anymore, because | got a chocolate stain on it and it won't Fortunately for Felix, his tuck ...-.cnn just 750 metres away from a garage, so It was easy for him to find a mechanic. Colin wanted to ... ... from the meetirig because it was incredibly boring, but he Couldn't because he was siting right next to the boss. 10. The wrestler Jessie Ventura from professional wrestling into acting, and then into radio, and then into a political career as governor of the US state of Minnesota, Sen enaren Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. understand board substantiate withdraw collapse delete 1. Because of the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaton's revolutionary religious policy, his name was crossed off ( -.--«){f0M official lists of the monarchy after his death 2, Although the ancient Greek historian Herodotus was distrusted in the nineteenth century, some of his points have been borne out (... by srehaeolagy ne then 3. The students were copying in class, but the teacher didn't catch OM (1+... ) because they were using a special code. 4, The Austrian poet Georg Trakl started to fall apart ( ) mentally when he witnessed the suffering of the First World War. 5. Stewart got OM (........-0ees-ss+++--») the wrong train because he went to platform 5 instead of platform 3. 6. In 1221, the Latin crusaders tried to draw back ( ) to the Mediterranean after the failure of their advance on Cairo, but they were surrounded. RPAH(e] Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb form. 1. add up make a total; combine 2. carry out put into operation; execute; fulfil 3. follow up on increase the effectiveness of something by further action 4. give up on (somebody) _ stop hoping that somebody will do what you want themto do 5. hang on continue with effort; persevere . 6. hold up stop somebody or enter a place in order to rob 7. let off not punish, or punish lightly, somebody who has done sométhing wrong > 8. pull apart destroy something by pulling it to pieces; dismember 9. rain off to cancel, by raining, a sports event or performance 10. tear down pull down; demolish 1. A joint archaeological team from New York University and Oxford University is currently sone. Kenan Erim’s initial excavations at the site of Aphrodisias in Aydin. 2. Although Will had brought fireworks to school, he was .... seve By the principal because he was generally a well-behaved child. 3. Ferhat has . his dream of his son becoming a professional footballer, because his son wasn't even chosen for the school team. 4, The lost climbers on the mountain had 10 ....0e-n-ew.e through the freezing night until they were rescued the following day. 5. In 1998, a gang of three men the Bank of America in the World Trade Center and walked away with $1.6 million, although they were later arrested 6. In the Second World War, the armies of the US, the UK, and Canada .. successful invasion of the Italian island of Sicily. 7. The old Ottoman house had to be ssssnuees because it was rotten and was starting to lean into the road. 8. Judging from the weather forecast, it is probable that this weekend’s Balkan folk music concert will be a 9. The customs officers ..........-..... . Bailey's car, as they believed he might have hidden drugs somewhere in it and was trying to take them across the border. 40. The waiter had the bill incorrectly, and so we paid 4 YTL more for our dinner than we actually should have paid. Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. dismember persevere demolish combine rob fulfil 4. There used to be walls around Galata in Istanbul, but they were torn down ( ) during the 19th century in order to enlarge the neighbourhood 2. For a consecutive prison sentence, the judge add Up (........rsssvss--») all Of the separate sentences into one long one. 3. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, when the goddess Diana is angry with Actaeon, she turns him into a deer, and then he is hunted and pulfed apart ( ) by his own dogs. 4, This year, a thief in Austria went to hold up ( seoneeees) a bank, but then found out that the building was the town hall and thus had no money in it 5. Although Samantha found her university course to be very hard, she hung on ( vv.) and eventually graduated with a first-class degree 6. The French writer Emile Zola carried out ( sos vs =) his intention of studying the effect of genetics and environment on a family in his Rougon-Macquart series of novels.TEST YOUR VOCABULARY According to recent si ic research into deception, liars ...... blink less than those who are telling the truth. A) lastly C) allegedly B) rapidly D) fancily E) exactly Around the world, many people police ......, and this is often explained as having been suicide. A) power C) officer B) check D) sentence E) custody Although bananas don't appear to. breathe, they do carry out certain . functions that take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. A) congratulatory —_—_—B) satisfactory C) introductory D) respiratory E) explanatory When Dogu first left Turkey to go to New York, he felt a little ...... until he got used to living there. A) thorough C) infamous B) disoriented D) decent E) significant German archaeologists have ...... what could be Europe's oldest toothbrush, which has a 10-cm animal bone handle. A) founded €) ground B) unearthed D) searched E) soiled After two years, S| igan’s grave has finally ...... a headstone with the words, in Irish, “I told you | was ill”. A) acquired C) prepared E) insisted B) returned D) refused ERR 7. 10. 11. 12, Scientists have ...... that Venice will almost certainly be uninhabitable by 2100 because of rising water levels. A) adapted B) organized €) announced D) experimented E) attracted Itis acommon....... that going outside without a jacket or with wet hair will cause you to catch a cold, A) selection C) disability B) disappointment D) rejection E) misconception The judge's decision seemed very as if she had only based it on her bad mood that day. A) arbitrary B) legal C) fundamental D) fashionable E) rewarding Luke the Stylite ...... God by living on top of a column in the port of Eutropius, modern-day Kalamis, for 45 years. A) occupied B) constructed ©) relied D) worshipped E) expected There are many places in the world— including Mexico, Nepal, and Senegal— where whistle languages have .. A) slipped C) discovered E) arisen B) uttered D) blown At their games, the fans of Grimsby Town football club wave around plastic fish ...... with air as a symbol of their heritage as a fishing port. B) breathed D) inflated E) expelled A) inspired C) drained13. 14. 15, 16. 17. 18. tn June 2002, a computer hacker ...... the NASA computer system, causing damage estimated at around $1 million. A) penetrated C) completed E) settled B) realized D) pronounced Woody Allen's The Purple Rose of Cairo has an unusual plot where a member of the cast escapes from the film into the .. A) conference €) audience B) interview D) prediction E) projection The USA is still the ...... Olympic rugby champion, as they beat France in the last rugby Olympic event in 1924. A) defeating B) governing C) admitting D) reigning E) rescuing Freckles are not restricted to people with a fair ......, a8 some black people also have them. A) complexion B) combination C) analysis D) situation E) equality Tinned food was first introduced in 1812, but the ...... of the tin opener, which wasn’t invented until 1862, must have caused problems for a while. A) exploration, B) absence C) connection D) removal E) conclusion While it may sound ...... to you, itis actually someone else’s language, and you should respect that. A) ridiculous ©) vocal B) abundant D) classical E) sensitive 19. 20. 21 22, 23. 24, When crossing the road in the UK, pedestrians should look right, not left, to check that the ...... traffic is clear. A) steering B) directing C) oncoming D) utilizing E) preceding John Lydon, also known as Johnny Rotten, is still an ...... of the punk movement that started in the late 1970s. A) item B) icon ©) invitation D) income E) idiom Thad alan ...... feeling that someone was following me, but | couldn't be quite sure. A) united B) ignorant €) careful D) uneasy E) shy In Danny Boyle's film 28 Days Later, the UK is ...... by a disease that causes sufferers to break into uncontrollable anger within seconds of contact. A) spread €) considered E) stricken B) contracted D) inspired The Priory of Sion, a secretive group that claims to be the protectors of an ancient dynasty, is in fact a ... A) view B) hoax C) tear D) sense E) flaw Everyone was .. ith Rosemary's performance, except Marjory, who thought it was simply awful. A) delighted €) provided B) associated D) punished E) furnished SaceRERE-25. 26. 27. 28. 29, 30. 31, Many British schools are racist in their structure, and ...... black students three times as often as other students. A) treat B) secure C) expel D) include E) reduce In order for a language to ......, it must have support from education and the media, official recognition, and a strong economic basis for its speakers. A) prepare C) determine E) respond B) utter D) flourish Oscar Wilde had a talent for short, clever, and funny ...... like “Work is the curse of the drinking classes.” A) comments B) editions €) addictions D) contents E) ingredients During World War |, Emest Hemingway drove a Red Cross ambulance in Italy, where he was seriously ...... and so became unable to walk for two months. A) offended C) emerged B) wounded D) seated E) murdered For many years, there has been a . dispute between the UK, the Republic of Ireland, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland about the island of Rockall A) amazement C) eternity B) limit D) slope E) boundary The reason for the ongoing dispute over Rockall is related to the ...... of oil and natural gas deposits existing in the sea bed near the island. A) aspect C) prospect E) respect B) contact D) suspect The ancient Romans believed that if they ate parsley while drinking alcohol, it would help them stay B) odd D) careless E) continuous ape A) sober C) damp 32. When Roman soldiers were on patrol in less ...... climates where temperatures were low, they would sting themselves with nettles to keep warm. A) temperate C) irritated B) extinct D) animated E) adequate 33. The police ...... Mr. Perry Phrastic that they would capture the person who had stolen his tie. A) adjusted B) annoyed C) assured D) appealed E) arrested 34, When the volcano Krakatoa erupted, it was so loud that people 2,500 miles away ...... that they could hear it. A) convinced C) exploded B) declared D) expected E) enlightened 35. American Splendor is a comic book series by Harvey Pekar, who was ...... one day to write about his own dull life. A) inspired C) inferred E) injured B) intended D) included 36. Itwas ...... Cem who broke the window, because | noticed broken glass in hair. A) uncertainly C) distinctly B) mistakenly D) undoubtedly E) independently 37. That man over there is acting very as he looks terrified and keeps on talking to himself in an angry voice. A) barely C) gradually B) effectively D) generally E) suspiciously 38. One of the toughest organisms, tardigrades can....... in temperatures from -253°C up to 150°C. A) thrive B) offer C) assume D) expire E) exhaust39. Rome is such alan ...... name for cities that there is one on every inhabited continent. A) infamous B) frequent C) balanced D) vicious E) scarce 40. Some proud members of the Royal Shrewsbury Boat Club have their right to enter the flower show for free by sailing their boats across the River Severn. A) withdrawn B) asserted €) concerned D) ejected E) complained 41. As you like math puzzles, | thought you might ...... the fact that 111,114,111 x 111,111,111 equals 12345678987654321. A) duplicate B) multiply C) indicate D) appreciate E) activate 42. Derrick quickly ...... the child and carried him out of the way of the approaching train. A) defended B) seized €) promised D) occupied E) founded 43. The TV channel's showing of an excessively violent show during children’s viewing hours has .. many complaints. A) predicted B) separated C) constructed D) confused E) generated 44, The commonly seen graffiti “Kilroy was here” is usually ...... to American soldiers in World War Il, but no one knows its origins for sure. A) attributed C) adopted B) attracted D) armed E) accustomed 45. A Chinese typewriter has 5,850 characters on its keys, and even a typist of great ...... can struggle to type faster than eleven words a minute. A) thumb C) loyalty B) anxiety D) skill E) point 46. People say I'm ...... because | make lots of mistakes, but it’s because I'm left-handed, and most things are organized for right-handers. A) harmless B) aimless C) careless D) lawless E) sightless 47. Eleanora Fagan Gough, better known, as Billie Holiday, was one of the most . jazz vocalists of all time. A) applicable B) curable €) provable D) remarkable E) inevitable 48. lan Curtis, the lead singer of the band Joy Division, came to a/an ...... end when he committed suicide at 23. A) obvious C) annual B) precise D) unfriendly E) untimely 49. A record company has ...... the actress Catherine Zeta Jones about making an album, trying to persuade her to sing in the Welsh language. A) approached C) awarded B) accepted D) affected E) announced 50. | wrote this sentence in order to test, the ...... of your vocabulary. A) entirety C) completion E) extent B) number D) length5. 6. YDS - VOCABULARY , It isn’t easy to see me in this old school photograph because I'm in the sme and half-covered by a tree. A) suspense B) blindness C) dimension D) background E) enjoyment The complaints department ... answers the phone, but you have to wait for quite a while first. A) gradually B) eventually C) recently D) widely E) efficiently Except for his very large ears, Gregory has normal ........ on his face. A) emotions B) senses €) regions D) frames E) features In classical mythology, the Minotaur was a dangerous half-man half-bull ,, and it lived in a labyrinth on Crete. A) equality B) tyranny C) item D) fear E) creature This part of the building is smn.) 80 you are not allowed in it without permi A) remote B) permitted €) located D) restricted E) unforgivable Although rubber originally came only from Brazil, nowadays most of in Asia. A) produced B) considered C) suspected D) invented E) brought Koray and Nazht are ....... about the dangerous driving in their neighbourhood, because their children often play in the street. eR 10. " 12. 13. A) harmed €) concerned E) avoided B) risked D) refused Even though the Sahara is the largest desert on earth, there has been across it since ancient times. A) addition C) trade B) sand D) knowledge E) emptiness During the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, most of the US planes were destroyed while they were still on the A) ground C) pause B) air D) wind E) motion The film Gladiator is ........ set in Germany and North Africa, but most of it takes place in Rome in Italy. A) usually C) rarely B) partly D) basically E) entirely Even though Carl is lazy and rude, we need him on the team because he has a great ........ for scoring goals from free kicks. A) support B) talent €) persuasion D) decision E) pressure Anastasia is feeling ....... this morning because she has just unexpectedly been given a 25% pay rise by her boss. B) sudden D) beneficial A) alike C) cheerful E) obvious The Lycians of southwestern Anatolia sometimes cut hollow ito cliff faces to house their dead. A) tombs C) funerals E) deaths B) memories D) intentions14. 15. 16. 47. 18. 19. 20. Victor has just bought a copy of George Orwell's Keep the Aspidistra Flying, so he now has alan ....... Set of that writer's novels. A) prone ©) constant E) literate B) occupied D) complete Nihat and Sebnem haven't seen their son in Britain for two months, but they sane that he will come to Turkey next month. A) fnghten B) please C) wish D) concern E) hope The French Revolution may be one of the most important human history. A) circles C) events B) locations D) reflections E) results Gokhan was thrown out of his school for his rude towards his English teacher. A) corruption C) presence B) behaviour D) misery E) dissatisfaction Thomas Hardy sets all of his novels in the ..... environment of the towns and villages of the English countryside. A) rural C) gradual B) annual D) mutual E) continual Leonardo and Miriam got married in the winter of 1966, so they will be celebrating their 40th wedding soon. A) memorial B) calendar ©) anniversary D) ceremony E) timetable Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, and the country until it was thrown out in 1941. 24. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. A) measured B) warred C) employed D) resumed E) ocoupied Michelle about returning to university to do a master's degree, but she can't afford to pay for the course. A) enthusiastic B) miserly C) considerable D) voluntary E) doubtful Sinai is a/an ......., because, although most of it is surrounded by the Red and Mediterranean Seas, part of it is connected to Egypt. A) island B) peninsula C) region D) triangle E) area Around 3 million people leave .. countries every year to look for work in richer ones. A) unemployed B) mean C) developing D) reversed E) depressing Henri Charriére, the later author of Papillon, was ....... in a prison cell for two years with no contact with other people. B) sentenced D) prevented A) confined €) refused E) chosen The quality of the food in this canteen suuu—Gome days it is very good, and other days it is awful. B) increases D) chooses A) declines C) tnps E) vanes This will be our last........ of the play; tomorrow we will do it live in front of an audience. B) composition D) rehearsal A) training €) reduction E) usage snaps er.27, 28. 29. 30. 31 32, 33. Kevin has been through a accidents this spring—he h: crash in April, broke his leg in May, and was attacked by a dog in June. A) series B) line C) month D) row E) schedule The actor Nicholas Cage is to actress and film director Sofia Coppola—he is her cousin. A) encountered B) reflected C) presumed D) admired E) related Colin....... Rachel for the wet floors in the bathroom, but actually the toilet had overflowed. A) shouted B) blamed C) predicted D) convinced E) decided Bahrain used to ....... export pearls, but nowadays its biggest export is oil. A) exceedingly B) fortunately C) rarely D) primarily E) anxiously Kaan: Do you ....... that Leon has come back from France yet? Kelly: He may have done, but I haven't seen him. A) regard B) understand C) extend D) suppose E) notice At the beginning of Ovid's Metamorphoses, nearly every human being is drowned in a/an because the gods are angry with their evil behaviour. A) eruption €) flood B) explosion D) violence E) earthquake Gaglar became......... while he was watching a report about the bombing of Lebanon on the TV news. A) oppressed C) invisible E) upset B) current D) unhealthy eT 34. Have you been going to be our ni to Filiz yet? She is assistant manager. A) introduced C) known B) met. D) expected E) promoted 35. | won't be able to come to work tomorrow morning because | have a/an . to see the dentist about my bad tooth at 9.30. A) will B) encounter €) appointment D) duty E) timetable 36. The Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia passengers 9,288 kilometres from Vladivostok in East Asia to Moscow in Europe. A) travels C) waits B) holds D) carries E) measures 37. There is a horrible smell of burned toast in the house, and it is ........ bad in the kitchen. A) usually B) especially €) correctly D) ideally E) steadily 38. Soraya felt so she decided to stay home and have some rest on Friday night rather than go out with her friends. A) exhausted C) doubtful E) scary B) lonely D) sensible 39. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last decade of the twentieth century. A) timed C) happened E) attacked B) fought D) lost 40. Claude was walking along the mountain road when he was crushed under a falling rock. A) successfully B) shortly C) solely D) steadily E) suddenlyTEST YOUR PREPOSITIONS It has been estimated that, in China, per capita iron production rose ...... 500% ...... 806 and 1078 AD. A) towards / at B) through / in C) with / about D) by / between E) around / into We were sitting quietly ...... the honey locust tree when, suddenly, a very strange man ran us, screaming and waving his arms wildly. A) to/from B) above / with €) under / past D) near / outside E) with / beneath Overfarming in Oklahoma following World War I led ...... an ecological disaster, the Dust Bowl, that would last 1941, A) upon / since B) to / until €) over / about D) for / from E) at / around All of them have agreed to join us in the protest march ...... the war, Stanley, who is an agoraphobi A) through / for B) to /near C) about / onto D) on / beside E) against / except . the corn and soy fields that the city of Aurora, Illinois, is lu temple of Sri Venkateswara Rising ... lie all the Hi ‘Swami. A) from / around B) at/ towards €) between / for D) among / with E) during / within probably will get the best grade ... all the students in our world ry class, as she tends to get 90-95% on all of her tests. B) between / over D) among / about A) for /at C) from / through E) in / off 7. sso». the Suleymaniye Mosque complex in Istanbul, a school was founded where medicine was taught ...... an independent field of study. A) In /out C) At/ as B) For / to D) With / around E) Upon / towards 8. The bank robber calmly put his mask on, readied his rifle, and walked .. the street ...... the First National Bank. A) on / along B) down / within C) up / away D) over / since E) across / towards 9. The band of the eccentric musician Spike Jones performed some pieces such instruments ...... typewriters, car engines, and pots and pans. A) at / of B) with / to C) by / from D) for / lke E) on / as 10. Francis was looking dreamily ...... the window at work when he remembered that he had left the televi when he left that morning. A) through / into C) for / off B) out of / on D) at / with E) up to / about 11. The sextant, which was used primarily . the age of sailing ships, is an ‘strument that measures the angle of elevation of a celestial object ...... the horizon. A) in J between B) since / into €) during / above ——_D) for / among E) before / except 12, That woman whom you can see walking ...... the path ...... the river over there was once an advisor to the president. A) for / within B) between / to €) at / without D) along / beside E) with / among re13, The famed 17th-century Japanese swordsman Miyamoto Musashi was afflicted ...... eczema, a skin disease, which had a negative effect ...... his physical appearance. A) with / on ©) in / during E) off / out B) by/ from D)to/at 14, Because she had been paying no attention, Sheila fell ...... as she was getting ...... the bus, and she shattered her kneecap. A) for / from C) down / off E) to/at B) about / with D) through / on 415. Finnish poet Lauri Otonkoski, who won Finland's Dancing Bear Prize in 1996 s+. his book Musta olf valkoinen, makes great use ony in his poems. A) within / without €) onto / to E) for / of B) with / along D) by/at 16. Just ...... the beginning of the group's annual meeting, all of the members joined hands ...... one another and sang the group’s official anthem. A) for / since B) after / between C) during / among D) since / upon E) before / with 47. Turkish is ...... no means the only language to use vowel harmony; instance, it appears in almost all Uralic and Altaic languages. A) with / through C) at/on B) by / for D) in/ as E) from / near 18. Whenever Tristram goes .. his cellphone, he always feels as if he’s bound to miss several important calls. A) within / upon B) on / among €) outside / without __D) throughout / by E) down / along 19. The 20th-century French composer Messiaen was fascinated isong, and he included stylize birdsongs ...... his compositions. a: A) with / in B) at/to ©) from / during D) for / on E) by / without 20. The manager found it difficult to choose ...... Rachel and Pat....... the promotion, as they were both equally competent. A) beside / through C) at/ upon B) among / to D) by / from E) between / for 24. One day in 1945, jazz pianist Bud Powell was beaten ...... the head by police officers, and ever afterwards he would suffer . mental illness. A) over I from C) through / for E) at/ by B) on! to D) off / with 22. As he walked ...... the dark and smoky nightclub, Colin smelled something that reminded him strongly ...... rotten eggs. A) for / by B) around / at €) into / of D) on / with E) from / to 23, ...... more than 1 inhabitants in the 1750s, the population of Great Britain’s American colonies greatly outnumbered that of New France, which had just ...... 50,000 inhabitants. A) Through / under —_B) At/ upon C) By / about D) As/ to E) With / over 24, | think you'll find that little Tommy is hiding ...... the table again, as he’s terribly afraid ...... these loud blasts of thunder, A) above / with B) beneath / of €) under / from D) on / for E) inside / about 25. ...... Much of its history, the Central Asian city of Samarkand—currently Uzbekistan's second largest city—was seus Persian rule. A) From / at B) During / around C) As/ through D) Since / with E) For / under26. ...... marrying Ahmet last year, Tuna has been feeling as if she is ...... more and more stress every single day. A) For / beneath B) As / with €) Upon / to D) Since / under E) Along / among 27. ...... the second half of the 20th century, linguistics came to be more and more ...... mathematics in its methods. A) Over / under B) For / as €) Since / through —_D) During / upon E) Throughout / like 28, Because their daughter has become so good ...... playing the cello, Terence and Tabitha are enormously proud ... her. A) at / of C) for / from E) about / as B) with / on, D) to/ by 29. A traditional Chicago-style pizza is stuffed ...... several layers of meat and cheese, and can be eaten either ...... a fork and knife or the hands. A) by / by B) with / with C) to / to D) from / from E)on/on 30. You will have to adapt your methods your new company’s way of doing things; otherwise, they may well be disappointed ...... you. A) to / with B) about / upon C) at/ through D) for / from E) since / over 31. Clouds are formed tural processes acting on moisture in the air, which is constantly renewed by evaporation ...... bodies of water. A) for / beside B) with / about €) from / without D) by / from E) in / inside 32. Because he had not only participated +++, the race, but also come second, Andrew gained a newfound confidence his abil A) from / for ) with / with E) at / from B) in/in D) to/ about 33. In the sword-based Japanese martial art known ...... jaido, the emphasi laid ...... drawing the sword and attacking as quickly and effectively as possible. A) through /from _B) like / between C) as / upon D) to/ around E) for / with 34, Mr, Wooster got really annoyed . his students when they said that they did not feel sorry ...... having insulted him the day before. A) with / for C) in / since B) at/to D) by / from E) like / about 35. Today, the only wild lions are found in the Gir Forest northwestern India. A) on / from B) since / at C) outside / of D) for / in E) through / into 36. Kara looks so similar ...... her sister that, from a distance, I have a really hard time distinguishing ...... them. B) to/ between D) with / from A) as / among C) like / of &) at J for 37. Though the Dutch painter Piet Mondrian began his career ...... painting realistic landscapes, he has become best known .. later abstract paintings. A) with / to B) through / on C) since / from D) by / for E) at / during Bisse soda38. | first began to be suspicious .. Wilbur's character when he took all the credit ...... something that he had only done a small amount of work on. B) at / from D) towards / upon A) by / about C) of / for E) to/in 39. Contrary ...... popular belief, rock ‘n’ roll did not begin with Elvis Presley see the 1950s, but with a 1938 record called “Roll ’Em, Pete”, featuring Pete Johnson on piano and Big Joe Turner singing. A) at / since €) on / through E) with / by B) to Jin D) from / during 40. Rather than put his money in a bank, Herb prefers to hide it ...... the dresser in his bedroom, or .. ie pages of his vast book collection. A) along / onto B) between / through C) without / among D) behind / inside E) towards / beside 41. Land-based pollution, together ...... overfishing, constitutes the greatest known threat ...... coral reef ecosystems. A) upon / from B) as / for €) by / through E) with / 10 D) among / at 42. Instead ...... watching another boring analysis of the football match, could we just talk ...... a change? B) with / as D) on / like E) through / from A) by / towards €) of / for 43. The Native American Tlingit people traditionally lived ...... the temperate rainforests ...... the southeastern coast of Alaska. A) in onto B) among / on C) over / beside D) through / about E) near / from the famous suitcase in the film Pulp Fiction, there was a mysterious item that gave ...... a golden, glowing light. 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. A) Through / on B) Inside / in ©) As / like D) From / up E) Inside / off its height, the Oceanian Tu'i Tonga mpire had influence ...... three million square kilometres of Pacific Ocean territory. A) By / with B) On/ through C) Since / upon D) At/over E) For / about People ...... Fredo, with his devil-may- care attitude, are exactly the sort of people whom we shouldn't be relying A) like / upon C) for / over B) as /to D) with / from E) through / at The original Greek meaning of the word “tyrant” indicated anyone who took ...... the established government of a city-state, usually with popular support, to set himself ...... as a dictator. ‘A) out / out €) over / up B) on / like D) off / to ) in/ through We have recently got ...... the habit of storing all our old photographs and love letters in cardboard boxes that we put ...... the stairs. A) above / into B) into / below C) over / through —__D) along / about E) from / inside Asthma, a disease of the lungs, involves a person's airways suddenly and dramatically narrowing, often . response ...... an outside “trigger” of some sort. A) from...on B) for...by C) like...as D) with...at E) in...to As Phyllis was walking ...... in the parlour, thinking ...... how she might solve her difficult dilemma, she had a brilliant idea. B) around / from D) over / as E) for / through A) about / of C) to/on2006-2007/4 ANSWER KEY 4.Clay (pg2) ANTE 26 38 4e a4 aA 2G 3c D4 EJIA 26 30 ac sa 6c 2, Bumblebees and Honeybees (pg.7) AVLD 2E 3 BILC 2A 30 46 58 6B 7 8c 9.0 1B 2c 3a TE BA 9.0 GaP 37 35 ae se or 77 ar or 10.7 | E} Lom 2forlaslaion 3.0if Aienby Sv BAVotMoIween F.romnier 3. Acupuncture (pg.10) ATA ZE 36.40 any amon) 20 icor earns EOS, 26,88 98 10 116 Surefeurable {curatve}eurably (guratwely) 2amprovernenlimprorable provi proves) imps lingrounghy) Sincorincerahs proscar sesh ciatouemrenovere ‘Tarsharmonious/snarmoniouslB1estoratonteslorabie (restored restonnigiestoraivayrestorably Islraey) cbs clebrcye (absluclod abstuctwuly Obsliacladyeomyecingl) orastocralgivascoaalve (associgbie aasoaiatonalaccoualNey M1.oloctetfectwelelscively $2Gaibullacinbuwe dstabutableldtnbutonalyeetnbutvely P} }Becole devised acupuncture bao, 20% cont i Sm balance of hove nv toxcos mn the Souy cet ss 4, Check What You Know {pg.13) 1G 28 3A 44 5D 6E TE 8B 9A 108 110 12.9 13E 140 15.0 16.0 ITE 18A 19.5 20.8 21.8 22.A 23.0 26E 25.0 26A 27.8 28.0 29.6 30.0 5, Learn These Phrasal Verbs _(pg.16) A.Lfall apart. 2.catch on 3.got on 4.bome out S.crossoa er G.oraw back Tavash out B.broke wow, S.sip away “10.movad on B.fdeleted Zsubstantotes Sunderstan! to colaven Sboarded Gute wthdiow C: tollowing upon 2lctof Sg" yp on hang un Shold up. Gesmned out Tom down 8 rr! of Sipulled apart 10.2desc up D.tdomolshed 2.conbines S.aismambered 4.0 rob S.parrevered lulled 2006/7 TEST YOURSELF + ey wera ysing w_2.The earn ropres 1rd Bogs eoagn scupuncre 2B RBA 4A 5C 6D 72C 8A OLE 100 1B 12.8 4. D 6b 17 B &C 1% C 21 21,4 22.D 24. A 26.0 27B 2A 2A AS BILBO 324A 34. € 36.B 37.D 38. J. A 4008 4.0 428 46.0 48. D 51.B 52.B $6. D 58. B 61.C 62.4 66.8 6G. 6B A 2006/7 TEST YOURSELF 2 A 20 3.0 6D 7.8 BE 2C TA 12.B 13.D 16, D 17. E 18. C WA 20% 22.4 . B 26.C 27.D 28D 228 30.8 32. D Cc 36.8 372A 38B 39 B 40.0 42.B D 46.C 47.A 48.B 4A 52. C B LA 62.D . 65. A B . C 72. B 75. B A A2006/7 TEST YOUR VOCABULARY .C 26 3D 4B 5B 6A 7C &E %A 10D WE 12D A 14.C 18D 16A 17.B 18 A 19C 20.8 21.D 22.E 23.B 24A 25.C 26D 27.A 28.B 29E 30.C 31.A 32A 33,.C 34B 35.A 36D 37E 38A 39B 40.8 41,D 42.B 43,.E 44A 45.D 46.C 47.D 49. 50.5 2006/7 YDS-VOCABULARY 1D 2B 36 46 5D 6A 7C 8&C 9%A 10.B WB 12C BA 14D 15E 16C 17B 1A 19.0 2.8 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.E 26.D 27A 7 30. D 31.D 32C 33 34A 35.C 36D 37.B 38A 39C 400 2006/7 TEST YOUR PREPOSITIONS 1.D 3B 4E 5A 6D 7% &E 89E 108 uC 12D 13.A 14.C€ 16E 17.B 18%C 1% A 205 2A 22.C 23.E 248 26.D 27.E 28.A 29.B 30A 31.D 32.B 33.C 344A 36.B 37.D 38C 3%B 40.D 4.6 42.0 43.B 44. £ 46.4 47.C 48.8 49.2 SOA 2006/7 PRACTICE EXAM 4 5A 6C 72D 15.B 16. 17. 25. . 21. 35. . 37. £ 45.E 46.C 47. 57. 67. 71. 87. 97.