GRE填空机经1500题生词伴侣

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使用说明
《GRE 填 1500 》套使。将填个 section 中挑

出做专业并威。合刚开始刷填同学使可以
在刷之前先把一利于提升刷效也对性单忆。
勿单把当成书使因为一些复一定合使
Section 1
序号单词英文解释中文解释
1 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made up of 悖论
two opposite things and that seems impossible but is
actually true or possible
2 cosmopolitan a. having worldwide rather than limited or provincial 见多识广
scope or bearing 的
a. composed of persons, constituents, or elements 来自各地
from all or many parts of the world 的
a. found in most parts of the world and under varied 世界各地
ecological conditions 都有的
3 capricious a. changing often and quickly 变化多的
4 controversial a. relating to or causing much discussion, 惹争议的
disagreement, or argument: likely to produce
controversy
5 insular a. separated from other people or cultures 孤立的
6 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one way 有歧义的
7 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent: 粗略的
not thorough or complete
a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
something: not deep or serious
a. lying close to the surface 表层的
8 mercenary a. caring only about making money 唯利是图
的
9 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察
或经验的
10 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a plant 产出
or crop)
v. to surrender or submit (oneself) to another 投降
11 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，
不妥协的
12 haunt v. to visit or inhabit as a ghost 闹鬼
13 clamorous a. noisily insistent 吵闹的
14 indifferent a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的
concern for something: apathetic
a. marked by impartiality: unbiased 公平的
15 invidious a. unpleasant and likely to cause bad feelings in 引起反感
other people 的
16 prescient a. be able to know what will or might happen in the 预见性的
future
17 numinous a. having a mysterious, holy, or spiritual quality 超自然的
18 sonorous a. having a sound that is deep, loud, and pleasant
19 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes a (引起混乱
lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 的)剧变
20 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough of 缺乏
something
21 gainsay v. to deny or disagree with (something) 否认

22 sterling a. excellent 优秀的
23 ad hoc a. made or done without planning because of an 临时安排
immediate need 的
24 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的
and without a lot of thought or planning
a. doing things that have not been planned but that 自发的
seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular time
25 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 详尽彻底
的
26 neutralize v. to stop (someone or something) from being 使无效
effective or harmful
27 auction n. a public sale at which things are sold to the people 拍卖
who offer to pay the most
28 fickle a. changing often 多变的
29 antiquarian a. relating to the collection and study of valuable old 古文物研
things (such as old books) 究的
30 wide-ranging including many different ideas, actions, or things 范围或内
容广泛的
31 be keen to NA 热衷于
32 succumb v. to stop trying to resist something 屈服于
33 recoil v. & n. to quickly move away from something that is 畏缩
shocking, frightening, or disgusting: to react to
something with shock or fear
34 shrink v. to become smaller in amount, size, or value 缩小
v. to quickly move away from something shocking, 畏缩
frightening, or disgusting
35 deviate v. to do something that is different or to be different 脱离，偏
from what is usual or expected 离
36 overreact v. to react to something too strongly 反应过激
37 singular a. strange or odd 奇特的
38 unique a. belonging to or connected with only one thing, 唯一的
place, or person
39 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to ancient 过时的，
times 旧的
40 fake a. not true or real 假的
41 counterfeit a. made to look like an exact copy of something in 仿造的，
order to trick people 假冒的
42 epilogue n. a final section or speech after the main part of a 电影书籍
book, play, or musical composition 等的尾声
43 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater than it 夸张，夸
really is 大
44 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in 悲观
the future
45 misinterpretat n. failure to understand or interpret something 误解
ion correctly
46 imprecision n. not clear or exact 不精确
47 vague a. not clear in meaning 模糊的
48 exaggerate v. to think of or describe something as larger or 夸张

greater than it really is
49 hyperbole n. language that describes something as better or 夸张
worse than it really is
50 stern a. very serious especially in an unfriendly way 严厉的
51 prophetic a. correctly stating what will happen in the future 预言的
52 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无
兴趣的
Section 2
1 impenetrable a. impossible to understand 无法理解的
2 immutable a. unable to be changed 不变的
3 proprietary a. kept private by an owner 以所有者自
居的
4 didactic a. designed or intended to teach people something 说教的
5 self- a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的
perpetuating
6 lopsided a. uneven or unequal 不公平
7 feeble a. very weak 虚弱的

8 robust a. strong and healthy 结实的
9 swift a. happening or done quickly or immediately 迅速的
10 turbulent a. full of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱的
11 lavish a. giving or using a large amount of something 挥霍的
12 routine a. done very often 普通的
13 vacant a. not filled, used, or lived in 空的
14 unimpeded a. not slowed, blocked, or interfered with 未受妨碍的
15 overlook v. to fail to see or notice (something) 忽视
16 oversight n. a mistake made because someone forgets or fails 疏忽
to notice something
17 augment v. to increase the size or amount of (something) 增加
18 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善
less painful, etc.
19 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of what you 讽刺的
really think especially in order to be funny
20 literal a. involving the ordinary or usual meaning of a word 字面意义的
21 honorific a. giving or expressing honor or respect 尊敬的
22 malign a. causing or intended to cause harm 有害的
23 brook v. to allow (something) to exist or happen 忍受
24 disclose v. to make (something) known to the public 公开
25 repudiate v. to refuse to accept or support (something) 拒绝接受
26 regurgitate v. to bring food that has been swallowed back to and 反刍
out of the mouth
27 beneficence n. : the quality or state of doing or producing good 善行
28 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to help 利他主义
other people and a lack of selfishness
29 intelligence n. the ability to learn or understand things or to deal 聪颖
with new or difficult situations
30 fecundity n. producing or able to produce many babies, young 多产，肥沃
animals, or plants
31 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many plants 肥沃
32 sanguinity a. confident and hopeful 乐观
33 verisimilitude n. the quality of seeming real 真实性
34 cordiality n. sincere affection and kindness 友好
35 irascibility n. the quality of becoming angry very easily 易怒
36 conviviality n. the quality of or relating to social events where 友好

people can eat, drink, and talk in a friendly way with
others
37 diffidence n. the quality or state of being unassertive or bashful 羞怯
38 exasperation n. exasperation 恼怒
Section 3
1 stunning a. very surprising or shocking 令人震惊的
3 contemptuous a. feeling or showing deep hatred or disapproval 蔑视的
4 decry v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard 谴责
(something) as bad, wrong, etc.
5 condone v. to forgive or approve (something that is 宽恕
considered wrong)
6 remedy n. a way of solving or correcting a problem 解决方法
7 boast v. to express too much pride in a person's own 吹嘘，夸耀
qualities, possessions, or achievements
8 downplay v. to make (something) seem smaller or less 轻描淡写
important
9 deduce v. to use logic or reason to form (a conclusion or 推断
opinion about something)
10 subtle a. hard to notice or see 不明显的
11 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made up 悖论
of two opposite things and that seems impossible
but is actually true or possible
12 objectivity v. based on facts rather than feelings or opinions 客观公正
13 loath a. not wanting or willing to do something 不愿意
14 emulate v. to try to be like (someone or something you 模仿
admire)
15 discredit v. to cause (someone or something) to seem 使被怀疑
dishonest or untrue
16 praise v. to say or write good things about (someone or 赞扬
something)
17 censure v. official strong criticism 批评
18 ambivalence n. simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or 矛盾
feelings (such as attraction and repulsion) toward
an object, person, or action
19 compliment n. a remark that says something good about 恭维
someone or something
20 demanding a. hard to satisfy 苛刻的
21 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something that 代替
is old or no longer used or accepted)
22 sift v. to separate or remove (something) by using a 筛选
sifter or sieve
23 neophyte n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
something
24 novice n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
something
25 intricate a. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂的
elements
26 convoluted a. very complicated and difficult to understand 复杂的
27 culinary a. used in or relating to cooking 食物的
28 unprecedent a. not done or experienced before 前所未有的
29 unwarranted a. lacking adequate or official support 没有根据的

30 groundless a. not based on facts 无根据的
Section 4
1 motley a. made up of many different people or things 混杂的
2 opportunistic a. taking advantage of opportunities as they arise 机会主义的
3 anomalous a. not expected or usual 反常的
4 haphazard a. having no plan, order, or direction 杂乱的
5 collective a. shared or done by a group of people 集体的
6 monolithic a. consisting of or constituting a single unit 单一的
7 mar v. to hurt or damage the good condition of 损坏
(something)
8 compassionate a. feeling or showing concern for someone who is 有同情心的
sick, hurt, poor, etc.
9 nepotistic n. the unfair practice by a powerful person of giving 任人唯亲
jobs and other favors to relatives
10 decisive a. able to make choices quickly and confidently 果断的
11 grandstanding n. the fact of behaving or speaking in a way that is 哗众取宠
intended to make people impressed in order to
gain some advantage for yourself
12 partisanship n. the support for a person or group without fair 偏袒
consideration of the facts and circumstances.
13 vacillate v. to repeatedly change your opinions or desires 犹豫不决
14 toddler n. a young child who is just learning to walk 学步的孩童
15 contagious a. capable of being easily spread to others 有感染力的
16 irk v. to bother or annoy (someone) 激怒
17 asset n. advantage 优点
18 flippancy n. unbecoming levity or pertness especially in 轻率无礼
respect to grave or sacred matters
19 aimless a. lacking a goal or purpose 无目标的
20 tendentious a. strongly favoring a particular point of view in a 有偏见的
way that may cause argument
21 discursion n. a turning away from the main subject 漫谈离题
22 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one way 含糊的
23 stigma n. a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a 耻辱
society or group of people have about something
24 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or less 瑕疵
beautiful
25 inveterate a. always or often doing something specified 根深蒂固的
26 hodgepodge n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
27 patchwork n. something that is made up of different things 大杂烩
28 fractious a. full of anger and disagreement 易怒的
29 heterogeneous a. made up of parts that are different 不同的
30 disparate a. different from each other 不同的
31 mediocre a. not very good 普通一般的
Section 5
1 controversial a. relating to or causing much discussion, 引起争议的
disagreement, or argument
2 enigmatic a. full of mystery and difficult to understand 谜一般的
3 disingenuous a. not truly honest or sincere 不真诚的
4 benign a. not causing harm or damage 仁慈的
5 embody v. to represent (something) in a clear and obvious 体现
way : to be a symbol or example of (something)
6 nothing if not NA 及其，非常
7 chivalrous a. behaving in an honorable or polite way 骑士风度的
especially toward women
8 impetuous a. acting or done quickly and without thought 轻率的
9 boorish a. resembling or befitting a rude or insensitive 粗野无礼的
person
10 circumspect a. thinking carefully about possible risks before 谨慎的
doing or saying something
11 humbling a. not proud 谦卑的
12 surrender v. to agree to stop fighting, hiding, resisting, etc., 屈服
because you know that you will not win or succeed
13 imitate v. to do the same thing as (someone) 模仿
14 glean v. to gather or collect (something) in a gradual way 收集
15 exotic a. very different, strange, or unusual 外来的
16 obligatory a. required by a law or rule 强制的
17 jettison v. to reject (something, such as a plan or idea) 抛弃
18 contrive v. to manage to bring about or do 设法做到
19 calamitous a. causing great harm or suffering 灾难的
20 adversarial a. involving two people or two sides who oppose 对立的
each other
21 mercenary a. caring only about making money 唯利是图的
22 antagonistic a. showing dislike or opposition 敌对的
23 progressive a. using or interested in new or modern ideas 进步的
especially in politics and education
24 reactionary a. prevent changes in the political or social system 保守的
of their country
25 dichotomous a. divided or dividing into two sharply distinguished 有分歧的
parts or classifications
26 contradictory a. involving or having information that disagrees 矛盾的
with other information
27 subvert v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, 颠覆，破坏
political system, etc.
28 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or 有效的
effect
29 trifling a. having little value or importance 不重要的
30 deleterious a. damaging or harmful 有害的
31 hazardous a. involving risk or danger 有危险的
32 precarious a. not safe, strong, or steady 危险的
33 inbreed v. to breed with closely related individuals 近亲繁殖
Section 6
1 discriminatory a. not fair: unfairly treating a person or group of 不公平的
people differently from other people or groups of
people
2 incommensurable a. so completely different from each other that 不能相比的
they cannot be compared
3 anachronistic a. something (such as a word, an object, or an 时代错误的
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where
it does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to 过去的
the past and not to fit in the present
4 innocuous a. producing no injury: harmless 无害的
a. not likely to give offense or to arouse strong 平淡乏味的
feelings or hostility: inoffensive, insipid
5 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting 尖刻犀利
sharpness especially of words, manner, or
feelings
6 dissension n. disagreement that causes the people in a 意见分歧
group to argue about something that is important
to them
7 comity n. friendly social atmosphere 友好，和谐
8 conformity n. the fact or state of agreeing with or obeying 遵从，一致
something
9 mordancy n. a sharply critical or bitter quality of thought or 尖酸刻薄
feeling: harshness
10 extrapolate v. to form an opinion or to make an estimate （根据已知
about something from known facts 信息）推测
11 virtue n. a good and moral quality （好）品德
12 peculiarity n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a 怪癖
person or thing
13 dispense v. to give or provide (something) 分配，分发
14 corruption n. dishonest or illegal behavior especially by 贪污
powerful people (such as government officials or
police officers)
15 flip v. to cause (something) to turn or turn over 翻转
quickly
16 infinite a. having no limits 无限的
17 atypical a. not typical: not usual or normal 非典型的
18 insurmountable a. impossible to solve or get control of: (问题、困
impossible to overcome 难)无法战
胜
19 improvise to speak or perform without preparation 即兴表演
20 steadfast a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or 坚定不移的
cause: not changing
21 expel v. to officially force (someone) to leave a place or 驱逐
organization
22 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support or 支持
approve of (someone or something)
23 oust v. to cause or force (someone or something) to 逐出

leave a position of power, a competition, etc.
24 sanction v. to officially accept or allow (something) 支持
n. an action that is taken or an order that is given 制裁
to force a country to obey international laws by
limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not
allowing economic aid for that country, etc.
n. official permission or approval 支持
25 condemn v. to say in a strong and definite way that 谴责
someone or something is bad or wrong
26 coagulation n. the process of becoming viscous or thickened 凝结
into a coherent mass
27 nullify v. to cause (something) to lose its value or to 使无效
have no effect
28 obviate v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to 避免
prevent or avoid (something)
29 mitigate v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or 减少，减轻
painful
30 belie v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错
误
v. to run counter to: contradict 与……矛盾
31 mask v. to hide (something) from sight 掩饰
32 accentuate v. to make (something) more prominent or 强调
noticeable: accent, emphasize
33 rebellious a. refusing to obey rules or authority or to accept 难控制的
normal standards of behavior, dress, etc.
34 quirky a. unusual especially in an interesting way 奇怪的
35 flamboyant a. having a very noticeable quality that attracts a 引人注意的
lot of attention
36 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利多的
37 undue a. more than is reasonable or necessary 过度的
Section 7
1 felicitous a. very well suited for some purpose or situation 恰当的
2 prolific a. producing a large amount of something 多产的
3 abbreviate v. to make briefer 缩短
4 conventional a. used and accepted by most people: usual or 传统的
traditional
5 eclipse v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好
something) 而）超过
n. a loss of power, success, popularity, etc. （重要性、
权势等的）
丧失
6 bolster v. to give support to (something) 支持
7 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实
etc.) by providing information or evidence
8 outstrip v. to be or become better, greater, or larger than 超过，优于
(someone or something)
9 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely good, 奇迹
skillful, etc.
10 meticulous a. very careful about doing something in an 谨小慎微的
extremely accurate and exact way
11 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is learned 博学的
by studying
12 edify v. to teach (someone) in a way that improves the 启发
mind or character
13 nothing if not NA 非常，及其
14 precipitate a. happening very quickly or too quickly without 轻率的
enough thought or planning
v. to cause (something) to happen quickly or 使(不好的
suddenly 事情)突然
发生
15 tactful a. careful not to offend or upset other people: 考虑周全的
having or showing tact
16 judicious a. having or showing good judgment 明智的
17 acrimonious a. angry and bitter 尖酸刻薄的
18 fungible a. capable of mutual substitution 可替代的
19 connoisseur n. a person who knows a lot about something 鉴赏家
(such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a
particular subject
20 unfounded a. not based on facts or proof 莫须有的
21 premature a. happening too soon or earlier than usual 过早的
controversy
23 dampen v. to make (something) less strong or active 减弱，抑制
(热情、激
动等)
24 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical 扩大（声

instrument) louder by increasing the strength of 音）
electric signals
25 cliché n. a phrase or expression that has been used so 陈词滥调
often that it is no longer original or interesting
26 baseless a. not true and is not based on facts 毫无根据的
27 untenable a. not capable of being defended against attack （论点、理
or criticism: not tenable 论或立场）
经不起反驳
的
28 insulting a. rude or offensive 无礼的
29 condescending a. showing that you believe you are more 高人一等的
intelligent or better than other people
30 idealistic a. having a strong belief in perfect standards and 理想的
trying to achieve them, even when this is not
realistic
31 obscure a. not well-known : not known to most people 不出名的
a. difficult to understand: likely to be understood 深奥难懂的
by only a few people
a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something) : to be in front of 掩盖，使模
(something) so that it cannot be seen 糊
32 onerous a. difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with 繁重的
33 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；
difficult to understand or explain 难懂的
34 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要
someone : very difficult or demanding 求严格的
Section 8
1 pessimistic a. having or showing a lack of hope for the 悲观的
future: expecting bad things to happen
2 prescient a. the ability to know what will or might happen in 有预知能力
the future 的
4 magisterial a. showing impressive knowledge about a 权威的
subject
5 sanguine a. confident and hopeful 乐观的
6 draconian a. very severe or cruel (法律、措
施等)严厉
的，残酷的
7 rapacious always wanting more money, possessions, etc.: 贪婪的
wanting more than is needed or deserved
8 underappreciated a. not appreciated or valued enough 未受到充分
赏识（或欣
赏）的
9 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about your 自私自利的
own needs and interests
10 virtually adv. very nearly: almost entirely 几乎
11 versatile a. able to do many different things; having many 多才多艺的;
different uses 多功能的
12 upkeep n. the process of keeping something in good 维护
condition: the care or maintenance of buildings,
equipment, etc.
13 debunk v. to show that something (such as a belief or 揭穿真相
theory) is not true: to show the falseness of (a
story, idea, statement, etc.)
14 osteoporosis n. medical: a condition in which the bones [医]骨质疏
become weak and break easily 松症
15 diabetes n. medical: a serious disease in which the body [医]糖尿病
cannot properly control the amount of sugar in
your blood because it does not have enough
insulin
16 malady n. a disease or illness 疾病
17 assuage v. to make (something, such as an unpleasant 缓和，减轻
feeling) less painful, severe, etc.
18 plague n. a disease that causes death and that spreads 瘟疫，灾害
quickly to a large number of people
19 proclaim v. to say or state (something) in a public, official, 宣告
or definite way: to declare or announce
(something)
20 profess v. to say or declare (something) openly 宣称
21 betray v. to give information about (a person, group, 背叛
country, etc.) to an enemy
v. to show (something, such as a feeling or （无意中）
desire) without wanting or trying to 流露情感
22 disown v. to say or decide that you will no longer be 断绝与…的

connected with, associated with, or responsible 关系
for (someone or something)
23 antediluvian a. very old or old-fashioned 陈旧的，过
时的
24 archaic a. old and no longer used 过时的
25 flighty a. not steady or serious 反复无常的
26 chauvinistic n. the belief that your country, race, etc., is better 盲目的爱国
than any other 心的
27 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially often 反复无常的
changing suddenly in mood or behavior
28 patronizing a. showing or characterized by a superior 傲慢的
attitude towards others
29 envisage v. to picture (something) in your mind 展望
30 peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group 同辈
or social group as someone else
32 disregard v. /n. to ignore (something) or treat (something) 忽视，轻视
as unimportant
Section 9
1 loquacious a. liking to talk and talking smoothly and easily 话多的
2 irascible a. becoming angry very easily: having a bad 易怒的
temper
3 perfidious a. not able to be trusted: showing that someone 背信弃义的
cannot be trusted
5 voracious a. having or showing a tendency to eat very 贪婪的，贪
large amounts of food 吃的
6 haphazard a. having no plan, order, or direction 混乱的
7 burlesque n. a play, story, novel, etc., that makes a serious 滑稽讽刺表
subject seem funny or ridiculous 演（或作
品）
8 satire n. a way of using humor to show that someone 讽刺作品
or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.: humor
that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of a
person, government, society, etc.
9 pastiche n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
10 chronicle n. a description of events in the order that they 编年史
happened
11 parody n. a piece of writing, music, etc., that imitates the 拙劣的模仿
style of someone or something else in an
amusing way
12 scholarship n. serious formal study or research of a subject 学术研究
13 esoteric a. only taught to or understood by members of a 深奥难懂的
special group: hard to understand
14 derivative a. not new or original 非原创的
way that may cause argument: expressing a
strong opinion
16 pioneering a. introducing ideas and methods that have 先驱的
never been used before
17 novel a. new and different from what has been known 创新的
before
18 apropos a. being both relevant and opportune 恰当的
19 churlish a. not polite 粗鲁的
20 cagey a. not willing to say everything that you know 守口如瓶的
about something
21 tabloid n. a newspaper that has pages about half the 通俗小报
size of an ordinary newspaper and that typically
contains many photographs and stories about
famous people and other less serious news
items
admire)
23 plagiarism n. the act of using another person's words or 剽窃
ideas without giving credit to that person: the act
of plagiarizing something
24 conjecture n. an opinion or idea formed without proof or 推测

sufficient evidence
25 pretense n. a false reason or explanation that is used to 借口
hide the real purpose of something
26 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好挑衅的
27 deliberate a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重
intended: done or said on purpose; done or 的
decided after careful thought
28 punctilious a. very careful about behaving properly and 谨小慎微的
doing things in a correct and accurate way
29 courteous a. very polite in a way that shows respect 有礼貌的
30 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not wanting 自满的
to change them
31 truculent a. easily annoyed or angered and likely to argue 好斗的
32 arduous a. very difficult 艰巨的
34 clandestine a. done in a private place or way: done secretly 秘密的
35 perilous a. full of danger 危险的
36 covert a. made, shown, or done in a way that is not 秘密的
easily seen or noticed: secret or hidden
37 exhilarate v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and 使高兴
excited
38 stave off NA 避开
39 forestall v. to stop (something) from happening or to 预先阻止
cause (something) to happen at a later time
40 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡
spiritual things 的
41 momentary a. lasting a very short time: lasting only a 短暂的
moment
42 illusory a. based on something that is not true or real: 虚幻的
based on an illusion
43 evanescent a. lasting a very short time 短暂的
44 metaphoric a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻的
refer to another thing in order to show or suggest
that they are similar
45 prosaic a. dull or ordinary 乏味的
Section 10
4 proprietary a. kept private by an owner 以所有者自
居的
5 didactic a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
something
6 self-perpetuating a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的
8 arcane a. known or knowable only to a few people 晦涩难解的
9 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of 掩盖，使模
10 quixotic a. hopeful or romantic in a way that is not 不切实际的
practical
11 skullduggery n. secret or dishonest behavior or activity 欺骗
12 indolence n. the quality of being lazy 懒散
13 incivility n. a rude or impolite act 粗鲁
14 flow from NA 起因于…
15 lethargy n. a lack of energy or a lack of interest in doing 昏睡;没精打
things: a lethargic feeling or state 采
16 hybrid a. of mixed origin 混合的
17 conciliatory a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce 安抚的
hostility
18 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic 热情的
support for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
19 beguile v. to trick or deceive (someone) 诱骗（做某
事）
20 buoy v. support, uplift 支持
21 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 坚忍克己
accepts what happens without complaining or
showing emotion
22 insouciance n. a relaxed and calm state: a feeling of not 无忧无虑；
worrying about anything 漫不经心
23 alacrity n. a quick and cheerful readiness to do 敏捷
something
24 quadrant n. an instrument for measuring angles, especially 四分仪
to check your position at sea or to look at stars
误

have no effect
27 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is made 悖论
up of two opposite things and that seems
impossible but is actually true or possible
28 pedestrian a. not interesting or unusual 乏味的，无
聊的
29 knotty a. difficult or complicated 复杂的
31 disheartening a. disappointed and less confident or less 使人沮丧的
hopeful
32 vapid a. dull or boring 乏味的
33 inaccessible a. difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or 无法理解的
understand
34 sagacious a. having or showing an ability to understand 洞察事理的
difficult ideas and situations and to make good
decisions
35 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐
的
37 distressing a. making you feel extremely upset, especially 令人苦恼的
because of sb's suffering
38 confine v. to keep (someone or something) within limits 限制
39 extraneous a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
important 的;
Section 11
1 desertion n. withdrawing support or help despite allegiance 离弃
or responsibility
practical
3 apt a. appropriate or suitable 恰当的
something)
5 criticism n. the act of expressing disapproval and of 批判
noting the problems or faults of a person or thing
6 compliment n. a remark that says something good about 恭维，称赞
7 exposition n. a public show or exhibition 展览
8 elucidation n. an interpretation to make (something that is 阐明
hard to understand) clear or easy to understand
9 animadversion n. harsh criticism or disapproval 谴责
10 culmination n. the end or final result of something 顶点;终点
11 divination n. the practice of using signs (such as an 预言；占卜
arrangement of tea leaves or cards) or special
powers to predict the future
12 counterpart n. someone or something that has the same job 对应的人或
or purpose as another 物
13 interference n. something that gets in the way as an obstacle 妨碍
14 encumber v. to cause problems or difficulties for (someone 妨碍
or something)
15 replete a. having much or plenty of something: filled with 充满的
something
16 hinder v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
slow or difficult
17 perplexing a. lacking clarity of meaning 使人困惑的
18 absorbing a. fully taking one's attention 有吸引力的
19 complement v. to complete something else or make it better 补充
with certainty
21 assume V.to think that something is true or probably true 假定
without knowing that it is true
V.to begin (a role, duty, etc.) as a job or 承担
responsibility
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to 落伍的
23 stem from NA 源于
24 confrontation n. a situation in which people, groups, etc., fight, 面对

oppose, or challenge each other in an angry way
25 democracy n. a form of government in which people choose 民主主义
leaders by voting
26 alienation n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
person's affections from an object or position of
former attachment
27 patriotism n. love that people feel for their country 爱国主义
28 profession n. a type of job that requires special education, 职业
training, or skill
29 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
plant or crop)
30 engender v. to be the source or cause of (something) 产生
31 polemical a. arguing very strongly for or against a belief or 挑起辩论的
opinion.
33 enterprising a. having or showing the ability or desire to do 有创新精神
new and difficult things 的;有胆识的
34 rapacious always wanting more money, possessions, etc.: 贪婪的
wanting more than is needed or deserved
35 avaricious a. greedy for riches 贪婪的
36 limpid a. perfectly clear 清澈的
37 acute a. having or showing an ability to think clearly 敏锐的
and to understand what is not obvious or simple
about something
38 pellucid a. very clear 清澈的
39 tranquil a. quiet and peaceful 宁静的
40 rudimentary a. basic or simple 基本的
a. not very developed or advanced 发育不完全
的
41 heterogeneous a. made up of parts that are different 各种各样的
42 dissimilar a. not the same: different or unalike 不同的
Section 12
1 hominid a. a human, or a creature that lived in the past 人科的
which humans developed from
2 extraneous a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
important 的;
3 conjectural a. of the nature of or involving or based on 推测的
conjecture
4 consistent a. continuing to happen or develop in the same 一致的;连续
way 的
5 perfunctory a. used to describe something that is done 敷衍的
without energy or enthusiasm because of habit
or because it is expected
6 overt a. easily seen: not secret or hidden 明显的
7 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要
someone: very difficult or demanding 求严格的
8 irrationality n. the state of being irrational 不合理
9 futility n. the quality or state of being ineffective 无效
10 repository n. a place where a large amount of something is 仓库
stored
11 garrulous a. tending to talk a lot: very talkative 话多的
12 mercurial a. changing often: very changeable （人）反复
无常的
13 inconstancy n. the quality or state of being inconstant 反复无常
14 partiality n. an unfair tendency to treat one person, group, 偏袒
or thing better than another
15 document v. to create a record of (something) through 记录
writing, film, photography, etc.
dishonest or untrue
17 authenticity n. the quality of being true and accurate 真实性
18 aesthetics n. of or relating to art or beauty 美学
19 intoxicate v. to make wildly excited or enthusiastic 使陶醉
20 neutralize v. to stop (someone or something) from being 使中立化
effective or harmful
21 conceal v. to hide (something or someone) from sight 隐瞒
22 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
威等）
23 impair v. to diminish in function, ability, or quality 损害，削弱
24 outstrip v. to be or become better, greater, or larger than 超过
25 abound v. to be plentiful 非常多
26 proliferate v. to increase in number or amount quickly 激增
27 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: 停滞
to be or become stagnant
28 coalesce v. to come together to form one group or mass 合并
29 chaos n. complete confusion and disorder 混乱
30 serenity n. the quality or state of being calm and peaceful 宁静

31 fragility n. easily broken or damaged: very delicate : not 脆弱性
strong
32 decadence n. behavior that shows low morals and a great 衰落
love of pleasure, money, fame, etc.
33 degeneracy n. the state of being degenerate 堕落，退化
Section 13
1 authoritarian n. expecting or requiring people to obey rules or 独裁主义的
laws: not allowing personal freedom
2 histrionic a. too emotional or dramatic 不自然的
3 megalomaniacal a. a condition or mental illness that causes 狂妄自大的
people to think that they have great or unlimited
power or importance
4 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all 平等主义的
people
5 indolent a. not liking to work or be active 懒惰的
6 charismatic a. having, exhibiting, or based on charisma or 有魅力的
charism
7 imperturbable a. very calm: very hard to disturb or upset 沉着的
8 disposition n. the usual attitude or mood of a person or 性情
animal
9 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme 易变的
way
10 duplicitous a. deceptive in words or action 两面派的
11 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴
interest 趣的
12 cunning a. getting what is wanted in a clever and often 狡猾的
deceptive way
13 blithe a. happy and without worry 无忧无虑的
14 disperse v. to go or move in different directions: to spread （使）分散
apart
威等）
16 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 不妥协的
17 feckless a. having or resulting from a weak character or 没有价值的
nature
18 munificent a. very generous （指送礼
者）慷慨的
19 uncompromising a. not willing to change a decision, opinion, 不妥协的
method, etc.: not willing to make or accept a
compromise
20 taciturn a. tending to be quiet: not speaking frequently 沉默寡言的
21 stump v. perplex 把…难住
22 prototype n. an original or first model of something from 原型
which other forms are copied or developed
23 riddle n. a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question 谜
posed as a problem to be solved or guessed
24 paragon n. a person or thing that is perfect or excellent in 模范
some way and should be considered a model or
example to be copied
25 model n. a person who sets a good example 模型
26 conundrum n. a confusing or difficult problem 难解的问题
27 tangible a. able to be touched or felt 可触摸的
28 palpable a. capable of being touched or felt 摸得着的

29 nebulous a. not clear: difficult to see, understand, 模糊的
describe, etc.
30 nettlesome a. causing vexation 恼人的
32 artifact n. a usually simple object (such as a tool or 手工艺品
ornament) showing human workmanship or
modification as distinguished from a natural
object
33 anomaly n. something that is unusual or unexpected 异常现象
34 mainstay n. a very important part of something 支柱
35 aberration n. an instance of being different from what is 脱离常规
normal or usual
36 blur v. to become unclear or difficult to see or （使）变模
remember 糊
37 insightful a. having or showing a very clear understanding 有深刻见解
of something 的
Section 14
1 linger v. to stay somewhere beyond the usual or 徘徊
expected time
2 boisterous a. very noisy and active in a lively way 喧闹的
3 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡
people who want to be regarded as more 的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than they
really are
4 idiosyncrasy n. an unusual way in which a particular person （某人特有
behaves or thinks 的）气质
5 homogeneity n. the quality or state of being of a similar kind or 同质
of having a uniform structure or composition
throughout
聊的
8 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your 引人入胜的
attention
9 univocal a. having one meaning only 意义明确的
10 slacken v. to become slower or less active: to slow down （使）放慢
11 surge v. to suddenly increase to an unusually high level 涌动
12 commence v. to begin 开始
13 spur v. to encourage (someone) to do or achieve 激励
something
14 panacea n. a remedy for all ills or difficulties 万能之计
15 enigmatic a. full of mystery and difficult to understand 神秘的
16 revisionist n. those who support of ideas and beliefs that 修正主义者
differ from and try to change accepted ideas and
beliefs especially in a way that is seen as wrong
or dishonest
17 extravagant a. more than is usual, necessary, or proper 过度的
18 trivial a. of little worth or importance 不重要的
19 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧
ancient times 的
的
21 analogous a. similar in some way 相似的
22 minuscule a. very small 极不重要的
23 dim v. to make (a light) less bright or to become less 使变暗淡
bright
24 darken v. to grow dark 使变暗
25 flattery n. praise that is not sincere 奉承（话）
26 affinity n. a strong liking for or attraction to someone or 密切关系
something
28 concession n. the act or an instance of giving up or admitting 让步，迁就

something
29 imperative a. very important 必要的
excited
Section 15
1 metaphorical a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻性的
2 sectarian a. relating to religious or political sects and the 派系的
differences between them
3 baroque a. having many details or too many details 复杂精美的
4 cosmopolitan a. having worldwide rather than limited or 见多识广的
provincial scope or bearing
a. composed of persons, constituents, or 来自各地的
elements from all or many parts of the world
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都
varied ecological conditions 有的
realistic
9 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，不
妥协的
10 sycophancy n. obsequious flattery 拍马屁
11 solitude n. a state or situation in which you are alone 独处
usually because you want to be
12 obeisance n. respect for someone or something 敬意
13 mixed a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的
kind
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致
incompatible, or contrary elements 的
14 debilitate v. to make (someone or something) weak 使虚弱
15 mimic v. to copy (someone or someone's behavior or 模仿
speech) especially for humor
16 plentitude n. a large number or amount of something 充分
17 privation n. a lack or loss of the basic things that people 匮乏
need to live properly
18 health a. a condition in which someone or something is 繁荣
thriving or doing well
20 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资
still valuable to a company 产）无形的
23 plague n. a disease that causes death and that spreads 瘟疫，灾害
quickly to a large number of people
24 wary a. not having or showing complete trust in 谨慎的

someone or something that could be dangerous
or cause trouble
25 muddle v. to cause confusion in (someone or someone's 困惑
mind)
26 convivial a. of or relating to social events where people 好交际的
can eat, drink, and talk in a friendly way with
others
27 hostile a. of or relating to an enemy 怀有敌意的
28 intricacy n. the quality or state of being complex or having 错综复杂
many parts
29 profusion n. a large amount of something 丰富
30 resurgence n. a growth or increase that occurs after a period 复苏
without growth or increase
31 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that 剧变
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc.
32 imminent a. happening very soon 即将发生的
33 stern a. very serious especially in an unfriendly way 严厉的
interest 趣的
37 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to 利他
help other people and a lack of selfishness
38 fecundity n. producing or able to produce many babies, 多产，肥沃
young animals, or plants
39 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many 肥沃
plants
Section 16
1 disciplined a. obeying the rules 遵守纪律的
2 formidable a. very difficult to deal with 令人敬畏的
3 specious a. appearing to be true but actually false 假的
4 ambivalent a. having or showing simultaneous and 矛盾的
contradictory attitudes or feelings toward
something or someone
6 egregious a. very bad and easily noticed 极坏的
7 empirical a. based on testing or experience 以观察或实
验为依据的
8 inductive a. using particular examples to reach a general 归纳的
conclusion about something
9 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的
10 evenhanded a. not favoring one side or group over another 公平的
11 out of NA 由于
12 scathing a. very harsh or severe 严厉的
13 confessional a. telling private information about a person's life 自白的
14 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or 粗略的
apparent: not thorough or complete
15 aspirant n. a person who tries to become something: a 有抱负的
person who aspires to do or to be something
16 innovative a. introducing or using new ideas or methods 创新的
17 refinement n. the act or process of improving something 改良, 提纯
18 ubiquity n. presence everywhere or in many places 无所不在
especially simultaneously
19 omnipresence n. the state of being everywhere at once 无所不在
20 indict v. to formally decide that someone should be put 起诉
on trial for a crime
21 rehabilitate v. to bring (someone or something) back to a 使复原
normal, healthy condition after an illness, injury,
drug problem, etc.
22 exalt v. to praise (someone or something) highly 赞扬
23 valorize v. to assign value or merit to 赞扬
admire)
25 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very 指责
harshly
26 content a. pleased and satisfied: not needing more 满足
27 betray v. to give information about (a person, group, 背叛
country, etc.) to an enemy
v. to show (something, such as a feeling or （无意中）
desire) without wanting or trying to 流露情感
28 quandary n. a situation in which you are confused about 左右为难

what to do
29 ploy n. a clever trick or plan that is used to get 策略
someone to do something or to gain an
advantage over someone
30 dilemma n. a situation in which you have to make a 进退两难
difficult choice
Section 17
1 irreverent a. having or showing a lack of respect for 不敬的
someone or something that is usually treated
with respect
2 usher v. to lead (someone) to a place 开创，引领
3 criticize v. to express disapproval of (someone or 批评
something)
4 sympathetic a. feeling or showing concern about someone 有同情心的
who is in a bad situation
5 sycophantic a. attempting to win favor by flattery 拍马屁的
6 sentimental a. based on, showing, or resulting from feelings 感情用事的
or emotions rather than reason or thought
7 censorious a. having or showing a tendency to criticize 苛责的
someone or something severely: very critical
8 pedantic a. marked by a narrow focus on or display of 迂腐的
learning especially its trivial aspects
9 eliminate v. to remove (something that is not wanted or 消除
needed)
v. to defeat and remove from a competition 淘汰
10 wherewithal n. the money, skill, etc., that is needed to get or (某一特定
do something 用途的)必
要设备
11 reputation n. the way in which people think of someone or 名誉
something
12 solemnity n. the quality of being formal or serious 庄严
13 panache lots of energy and style 潇洒；派头
14 disguise v. to hide (something) so that it will not be seen 掩盖
or noticed
15 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少
less in size, importance, etc.
16 precede v. to happen, go, or come before (something or 在…之前发
someone) 生或出现
17 supplement n. something that is added to something else in 增补
order to make it complete
18 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something 代替
that is old or no longer used or accepted)
19 inadequacy n. the condition of being not enough or not good 不充分
enough
21 speculative a. based on guesses or ideas about what might 推理的
happen or be true rather than on facts
22 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the 巧合
same time in a way that is not planned or
expected
23 credulous a. too ready to believe things: easily fooled or 易受骗的
cheated
24 pseudoscience n. a system of theories, assumptions, and 伪科学
methods erroneously regarded as scientific
25 scold v. a person who often criticizes other people in 责骂

an angry way
26 endeavor v. to seriously or continually try to do (something) 尝试
n. a serious effort or attempt 努力
27 abstraction n. a thought or thoughts about general qualities 抽象
or ideas rather than people or things
28 liberalization n. the act of making less strict 自由化
29 abnegate v. deny or renounce 放弃
30 recapitulate v. to give a brief summary of something 摘要
31 accretion n. a gradual process in which layers of a material 堆积
are formed as small amounts are added over
time
32 elusive a. hard to find or capture 难抓住的
a. hard to understand, define, or remember 难理解的
33 artifact n. a usually simple object (such as a tool or 手工艺品
ornament) showing human workmanship or
modification as distinguished from a natural
object
34 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
as a member of a socially elite group
35 scrutiny n. the act of carefully examining something 仔细的观察
especially in a critical way
36 censure n. official strong criticism 责备
37 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support for 爱国主义的
your country
38 sentiment n. feelings of love, sympathy, kindness, etc. 感情
39 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding a 用…包裹
piece of material around it
40 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 全套
because it is so big or because it includes so
many different kinds of people or things
41 spike n. an abrupt sharp increase (as in prices or (价格、数
rates) 量的)突然
上升
42 upsurge n. a rapid or sudden increase or rise 高涨
43 harbinger n. something that shows what is coming 预兆
44 portent n. a sign or warning that something usually bad 预兆
or unpleasant is going to happen
45 lull n. a brief time when an action or activity stops 间歇
v. to cause (someone) to feel safe and relaxed 哄骗，使放
instead of careful and alert 松警惕
46 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to 暂缓
stop doing something that is difficult or
unpleasant or when something difficult or
unpleasant stops or is delayed
47 incisive a. very clear and direct: able to explain difficult 透彻的
ideas clearly and confidently
48 gratify v. to make (someone) happy or satisfied 使满意
49 entice v. to attract (someone) especially by offering or 怂恿

showing something that is appealing, interesting,
etc.
50 perplex v. to confuse (someone) very much 使迷惑
51 amalgam n. a combination or mixture of different things 混合物
52 collegiality n. the cooperative relationship of colleagues 共同掌权
54 eminence n. a person of high rank or achievements 显赫，卓越
55 tenacity n. the quality or state of being persistent 固执
56 encyclopedic a. dealing with or knowing a subject thoroughly 学识渊博的
or completely
57 long-winded a. using too many words in speaking or writing 啰嗦的
58 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 全面彻底的
59 rambling a. to go from one subject to another without any 冗长含糊的
clear purpose or direction
60 overbearing a. often trying to control the behavior of other 傲慢的
people in an annoying or unwanted way
61 undiscriminating a. not marked by discrimination 一视同仁的
Section 18
1 invoke v. to refer to (something) in support of your ideas 提出或授
引…以支持
或证明
2 concur v. to agree with someone or something 意见一致
by studying
5 contentious a. likely to cause people to argue or disagree 引起争议的
a. likely or willing to argue 好争议的
6 methodical a. done by using a careful and organized 有条不紊的
procedure
7 chronology n. a record of the order in which a series of 年代学;
events happened
8 synopses n. a short description of the most important (著作或作
information about something: a summary or 品的)大纲
outline
9 awry a. not working correctly or happening in the 错误的
expected way
10 astute a. very alert and aware: clever 精明的
11 customary a. usually done in a particular situation or at a 习惯的
particular place or time
13 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to 默许
happen by staying silent or by not arguing
14 empower v. to give official authority or legal power to 给（某
(someone) 人）…的权
力
15 overextend v. to extend or stretch (something) too far 过分扩展
16 pseudonym n. a name that someone (such as a writer) uses 化名
instead of his or her real name
17 remuneration n. an amount of money paid to someone for the 酬金
work that person has done
19 languish v. to continue for a long time without activity or 衰败
progress in an unpleasant or unwanted situation
22 high-minded a. having or showing intelligence and a strong 高尚的
moral character
23 unimpeachable a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be 无可指责的
doubted or questioned
24 ingenious a. very smart or clever: having or showing 聪明的
ingenuity
25 blameless a. free of guilt 无可指责的
26 unassuming a. not having or showing a desire to be noticed, 谦逊的
praised, etc.
27 complimentary a. expressing praise or admiration for someone 赞美的

or something
28 acerbic a. sharply or bitingly critical, sarcastic, or ironic in 尖酸的
temper, mood, or tone
29 cutting a. inclined or likely to wound the feelings of 尖酸的
others especially because of a ruthless
incisiveness
something)
31 punctuate v. to give emphasis to 强调
32 correspondence n. the letters or e-mails that people write to each 信件
other
33 self-deprecating a. done in a way that makes your own 谦虚的
achievements or abilities seem unimportant
35 seditious a. arousing to action or rebellion 煽动性的
practical
realistic
38 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or 使混淆
something)
v. to prove (someone or something) wrong 证明…有误
Section 19
practical
2 prescient a. able to know or predict what was going to 有预知能力
happen in the future 的
的
4 viable a. capable of being done or used 切实可行的
5 melodramatic a. emotional in a way that is very extreme or 感情夸张的
exaggerated: extremely dramatic or emotional
6 keep sth. at bay NA 阻挡，抵制
7 mawkish a. sad or romantic in a foolish or exaggerated 易伤感的
way
8 austerity n. a simple and plain quality 朴素
9 ostentatious a. displaying wealth, knowledge, etc., in a way 炫耀的
that is meant to attract attention, admiration, or
envy
10 emotive a. of or relating to emotions 表现感情的
12 impressive a. deserving attention, admiration, or respect 不俗的;了不
起的
13 remunerative a. paying a lot of money 有酬劳的
14 spartan a. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of (生活方式)
luxury and comfort 简朴的，清
苦的
n. a person of great courage and self-discipline 勇敢守纪律
的人
15 conceivable a. able to be imagined 可想到的
16 commonplace n. something commonly found 平庸，普通
n. an obvious or trite comment 陈腔滥调
17 sophisticated a. highly developed and complex 复杂的
18 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that are 反复无常
not expected or usual
19 periphery n. the outside edge of an area 边缘地带
20 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and 无私心的
welfare of other people rather than for yourself
21 disciplined a. obeying the rules 遵守纪律的
24 vanish v. to disappear entirely without a clear 消失
explanation
26 cumbersome a. hard to handle or manage because of size or 笨重的
weight
a. complicated and hard to do 复杂难做的

27 unwieldy a. difficult to handle, control, or deal with 笨重的
because of being large, heavy, or complex
28 ephemeral a. lasting a very short time 短暂的
29 peculiarity n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a 特性
person or thing
30 gravitate v. to be attracted to or toward something or 被吸引
someone
31 eccentricity n. the quality of being strange or unusual in 怪癖
behavior
32 predilection n. a natural liking for something 嗜好
33 vacillation n. inability to take a stand 犹豫不决
34 proclivity n. a strong natural liking for something that is 癖性
usually bad
35 wavering n. indecision in speech or action 犹豫
36 coward n. lacking courage 胆小鬼
37 fierce a. very violent 凶猛的
38 consensus n. a general agreement about something 一致同意
39 fractious a. full of anger and disagreement 易怒的
a. hard to manage or control 难对付的
40 restive a. feeling bored or impatient while waiting for 难以驾驭的
something to happen or change
interest 趣的
42 cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish and 认为人皆自
dishonest 私的
43 compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
ordered to do
44 tractable a. easily managed or controlled 易驾驭的
45 snag n. an unexpected problem or difficulty 小困难或障
碍
46 hitch n. a hidden problem that makes something more 小障碍
complicated or difficult to do
47 upshot n. the final result 结果
Section 20
2 impassive a. not showing emotion 无感情的
3 solitary a. separate from other people or things 独自的
4 sluggish a. moving slowly or lazily 行动迟缓的
5 impotency n. the quality of lacking strength or power 无力
6 paralyze v. to make powerless or ineffective 使不能正常
活动
7 demoralize v. to cause (someone) to lose hope, courage, or 使泄气
confidence
9 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock 激励
10 exasperate v. to make (someone) very angry or annoyed 使恶化
11 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or things 同类的
12 daunting a. tending to make people afraid or less 令人畏惧的
confident
13 disinterested a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, 公正的
or concerns
a. not interested 冷漠;无兴趣
or something)
17 replete a. having much or plenty of something: filled with 充满的
something
slow or difficult
19 discretionary a. done or used when necessary 自由决定的
20 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many complicated 官僚主义的
rules and ways of doing things
21 skirt v. to avoid (something) especially because it is 避开
difficult or will cause problems
22 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a critical way 仔细检查
23 counter v. to reply to sb. by trying to prove that what they 反驳
said is not true
24 revelation n. a secret or surprising fact that is made known 揭露
25 distort v. to change so as to make untrue or inaccurate 歪曲
26 carnivore n. an animal that feeds on meat 食肉动物
27 deemphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 使不重要
28 implement v. to begin to do or use (something, such as a 实施
plan)
29 check v. to slow or bring to a stop 中止
30 doom v. to make (someone or something) certain to 厄运
fail, suffer, die, etc.
31 bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开
done quicker
32 tenure n. the right to keep a job (especially the job of （尤指大学

being a professor at a college or university) for 教师的）终
as long as you want to have it 身职位
33 firmness n. the quality of being steady or securely and 坚决
immovably fixed in place
34 universality n. the quality of being universal 通用性
36 transient a. not lasting long 短暂的
something
38 assailable a. not defended or capable of being defended 易攻击的
39 presume v. to think that (something) is true without 推测
knowing that it is true
40 animate a. possessing or characterized by life 有生气
v. to give spirit and support 激励，推动
41 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻挠
to stop (something) from happening
Section 21
2 egregious a. very bad and easily noticed 极坏的
3 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或
经验的
4 inductive a. using particular examples to reach a general 归纳的
conclusion about something
5 plausible a. possibly true 貌似有理的
6 uncontested a. contest 无争议的
7 unproven a. not tested and shown to be good, true, or 未被证实的
useful
8 circuitous a. not straight, short, and direct 迂回的
10 degenerative a. causing the body or part of the body to 退步的
become weaker or less able to function as time
passes
11 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden 自然的
way and without a lot of thought or planning
a. doing things that have not been planned but 自发的
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a
particular time
12 auspicious a. showing or suggesting that future success is 有利的
likely
13 contention n. something (such as a belief, opinion, or idea) 争论
that is argued or stated
14 sound a. in good health 健全的
a. free from mistakes 合理的,正确
的
a. solid and strong 可靠的
15 destructive a. causing a very large amount of damage 毁灭性的
16 intriguing a. extremely interesting 迷人的
17 retroactive a. effective from a particular date in the past 追溯的
18 innocuous a. causing no injury 无害的
a. not likely to bother or offend anyone 无意冒犯的
19 intrinsic a. belonging to the essential nature of a thing 固有的，内
在的
20 rationale n. an underlying reason 根本原因
21 precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
earlier time
n. an earlier occurrence of something similar 先例
23 stifle v. to stop from doing or expressing something 阻止，扼杀
as unimportant
25 ancillary a. providing something additional to a main part 辅助的
or function
26 distortion n. the act of twisting out of shape or making 扭曲

inaccurate
or noticed
28 incursion n. a sudden invasion or attack 侵入
29 corrupt v. to change (a book, computer file, etc.) from 破坏
the correct or original form
v. to cause (someone or something) to become 使腐败
dishonest, immoral, etc: bribe
30 expedite v. to cause (something) to happen faster 迅速完成
31 omnipresent a. present in all places at all times 无所不在的
32 diminutive a. very small 小的
33 ubiquitous a. seeming to be seen everywhere 无所不在的
34 minuscule a. very small 非常小的
35 ethereal a. of or relating to the regions beyond the earth 缥缈的；超
凡的
36 elaborate a. made or done with great care or with much 精巧的
detail
v. to give more details about something 详尽说明
37 domestic a. relating to or involving someone's home or 家用的
family
38 empiricism n. the practice of basing ideas and theories on 经验主义
testing and experience
39 startling a. very surprising, shocking, or frightening 令人吃惊的
conjecture
43 quiescence n. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) 静止
inaction
44 turbulence n. a state of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱
45 isolation n. the state of being in a place or situation that is 隔离
separate from others
Section 22
ingenuity
2 fanciful a. coming from the imagination 空想的，不
现实的
3 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的;
4 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional 标新立异
or ordinary
a. very basic and important 根本的
6 jejune a. not interesting 乏味的
a. too simple 幼稚的
something
8 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见
they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted 的，教条的
11 narrow a. limited in size or extent 狭隘的
13 utilitarianism n. the belief that a morally good action is one 功利主义
that helps the greatest number of people
14 parochialism n. the quality or state of being parochial 狭隘
15 forbear v. to choose not to do (something that you could 忍耐
do) : to avoid doing or saying (something)
16 purport v. to claim to be or do a particular thing when this 自称
claim may not be true
17 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that are 反复无常
not expected or usual
by studying
19 surfeit n. an amount that is too much or more than you 过量
need
活动
23 revelation n. a secret or surprising fact that is made known 揭露
24 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 放弃（想做
的事或想得
之物）

28 preclude v. to prevent (someone) from doing something 阻止
29 elicit v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
someone
30 bar v. to prevent or forbid (someone) from doing 阻碍
something
31 aerial a. taken or seen from an airplane 空中的
32 manifest v. to show (something) clearly 表明
a. able to be seen : clearly shown or visible 明显的
33 undercut v. to make (something) weaker or less effective 削弱
painful
35 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少
36 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 不可或缺的
37 primitive a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an 原始的
early time in the very ancient past
a. very simple and basic 基本的
38 intelligible a. capable of being understood or 明白易懂的
comprehended
的
40 insipid a. dull or boring 枯燥的
41 bitter a. having a strong and often unpleasant flavor 苦的，痛苦
that is the opposite of sweet 的痛苦的
tongkude
42 conjure up NA 想起
43 strip away NA 剥去
Section 23
1 unmanageable a. hard or impossible to handle or control 难管理的
2 small a. not very important 无足轻重的
3 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe 骗人的
something that is not true
4 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened 按发生时间
or came to be 顺序排列的
5 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed 缺乏
or wanted
7 transparency n. the quality of sth, such as a situation or an 易懂；清
argument, that makes it easy to understand 楚；透明度
8 youthful a. having or showing the freshness or energy 青春
of someone who is young
9 genuine a. actual, real, or true : not false or fake; 真正的;真
sincere and honest 诚的
10 halfhearted a. lacking enthusiasm or interest 不认真的
11 pragmatic a. dealing with the problems that exist in a 实际的
specific situation in a reasonable and logical
way instead of depending on ideas and
theories
12 deem v. to think of (someone or something) in a 认为
particular way
considered wrong)
15 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无
生气的
16 jubilant a. feeling or expressing great joy 欢呼的
17 sensuous a. pleasant, attractive, or appealing in a way 愉悦感官的
that produces or suggests feelings of physical
or sexual pleasure
18 enervate v. to make (someone or something) very weak 使衰弱
or tired
19 circumscribe v. to limit the size or amount of (something) 限制
20 augment v. to increase the size or amount of 增加
(something)
21 foreground v. to make (something) more important 强调,突出
22 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such 避免
as a law or rule)
23 static a. showing little or no change, action, or 静止的
progress
24 proselytizer n. a person who tries to persuade people to 改变宗教信
join a religion, cause, or group 仰者
25 sage n. a very wise person 贤人
26 deliberation n. careful thought or discussion done in order 深思熟虑
to make a decision
27 flamboyant a. having a very noticeable quality that attracts 华丽的

a lot of attention
28 import n. importance 重要性
comprehended
30 orthodox n. accepted as true or correct by most people : 传统
supporting or believing what most people think
is true
31 readable a. easy and enjoyable to read 易懂的
32 voluble a. talking a lot in an energetic and rapid way 爱说话的
33 accession n. the act of assenting or agreeing 同意，赞同
34 acquiescence n. passive acceptance or submission 默许
35 subvert v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a 颠覆，破坏
government, political system, etc.
38 slumber v. sleep 睡眠
39 somnolent a. of a kind likely to induce sleep 瞌睡的
40 impartial a. not partial or biased : treating or affecting all 公平的
equally
41 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest 昏睡的
in doing things
42 laconic a. using few words in speech or writing 言简意赅的
43 befuddled a. utterly confused or puzzled 迷糊的
45 fatigue n. the state of being very tired 疲劳
Section 24
1 dispersal n. the process or result of the spreading of 分散
organisms from one place to another
2 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence （习惯等）
根深蒂固的
3 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular 例行的;日常
order 的
conjecture
7 harrowing a. very distressing or painful 悲惨的
8 naïve a. having or showing a lack of experience or 天真的
knowledge: innocent or simple
9 exaggeration n. the state of thinking of or describing 夸张
something as larger or greater than it really is
10 deception n. the act of making someone believe something 欺诈
that is not true
12 penalty n. punishment for breaking a rule or law 惩罚
13 premeditate v. to think about and plan beforehand 预先考虑
14 alienate v. to make (someone) unfriendly: to cause 使疏远
(someone) to stop being friendly, helpful, etc.,
towards you
15 embolden v. to make (someone) more confident 鼓励
or something)
17 seize v. to use legal or official power to take 抓住
(something)
18 derisive a. expressing or causing contemptuous ridicule 嘲笑的
or scorn
19 contemplate v. to think deeply or carefully about (something) 深思熟虑
20 alien a. not familiar or like other things you have 陌生的
known
21 intuitive a. having the ability to know or understand things 凭直觉获知
without any proof or evidence: having or 的
characterized by intuition
22 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某
harshly 人
23 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 赚钱的
24 esteem n. respect and affection 尊敬
25 animate v. having life : alive or living 使…有生气
by studying
27 aversion n. a strong feeling of not liking something 厌恶
28 staleness n. the state of boring or unoriginal 陈腐
29 inferable a. being able to form (an opinion) from evidence 能推理的
30 entail v. to have (something) as a part, step, or result 牵扯
31 coincident a. happening at the same time 同时发生的

32 antecedent a. earlier in time 在先的
33 bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开
done quicker
34 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.) 使恶化
worse
35 magnify v. to make (something) seem greater or more 放大
important than it is
36 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as 避免
a law or rule)
37 evanescence n. the state or quality of lasting only for a short 瞬息
time
38 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 消亡
being like a death
39 decay v. to be slowly destroyed by natural processes: 衰败
to be slowly broken down by the natural
processes that destroy a dead plant or body
40 deterioration n. the act or process of becoming worse 恶化，衰退
41 weird a. unusual or strange 奇怪的
42 shackle v. to prevent free action 妨碍
44 enliven v. to make (something) more interesting, lively, 使生动
or enjoyable
45 admonish v. to speak to (someone) in a way that expresses 训诫, 轻责
disapproval or criticism
v. to tell or urge (someone) to do something 力劝
Section 25
1 sparse present only in small amounts 稀疏的
2 teem v. to be full of something 充满
3 roil v. to cause (someone or something) to become 扰乱
very agitated or disturbed
4 ebb v. a point or condition of decline 减少
5 bar v. to prevent or forbid (someone) from doing 阻碍
something
6 eminent a. successful, well-known and respected 杰出的
7 ridicule v. to laugh at and make jokes about (someone or 嘲笑
something) in a cruel or harsh way
9 embellish v. to decorate (something) by adding special 润色
details and features: to make (something) more
appealing or attractive
10 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too 轻视
low
12 anthropogenic a. of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of 人类活动产
human beings on nature 生的
13 triumph n. a great or important victory; a great success or 胜利
achievement
14 disseminate v. to cause (something, such as information) to 散布
go to many people
15 molder v. to rot slowly especially from not being used: to 腐朽
decay slowly
16 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about 漠不关心;中
something : an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
17 glory n. public praise, honor, and fame 光荣
18 subtle a. not obvious 不明显的
19 dynamics n. a pattern or process of change, growth, or 动态
activity
20 rote a. learned or memorized by rote 死记硬背的
considered wrong)
22 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support for 爱国主义的
your country
23 sentiment n. feelings of love, sympathy, kindness, etc. 感情
24 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding a 用…包裹
piece of material around it
25 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 全套
because it is so big or because it includes so
26 spike n. an abrupt sharp increase (as in prices or (价格、数
rates) 量的)突然
上升
27 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
28 cluster n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物

together 的）群，
团，组
29 expansionist n. the belief that a country should grow larger : a 领土扩张论
policy of increasing a country's size by 者
expanding its territory
30 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分
的
31 heterogeneous a. consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients 成分混杂的
or constituents: mixed
32 stratify v. to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or 按等级分化
social strata
33 stagnation n. a state or condition marked by lack of flow, 停滞
movement, or development
34 initiate v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start 开始
or begin (something)
36 recant v. to publicly say that you no longer have an 公开宣布放
opinion or belief that you once had 弃（原先的
信仰、观点
等）
37 maintain v. to cause to exist or continue without changing 保持
v. to affirm in or as if in argument 断言
38 concede v. to say that you accept or do not deny the truth 让步
or existence of (something): to admit (something)
usually in an unwilling way
39 grant v. to admit (something) although it does not 授予，承认
agree with or support your opinion
40 rosy a. having or producing hope for success or 乐观的
happiness in the future
41 encomium n. glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise 赞美词
42 tribute n. something that you say, give, or do to show 致敬，颂词
respect or affection for someone
43 publicity n. attention that is given to someone or （媒体的）
something by newspapers, magazines, television 关注，宣传
news programs, etc.
Section 26
1 superfluous a. beyond what is needed: not necessary 多余的
在的
4 idealize v. to think of or represent (someone or 使理想化
something) as being perfect
5 exalt v. to praise (someone or something) highly 赞扬
6 aver v. to say (something) in a very strong and <正>断言
definite way
7 feign v. to pretend to feel or be affected by 假装
(something)
8 avow v. to declare or state (something) in an open and 公开声明
public way
9 exude v. to show (a quality, emotion, etc.) very clearly 显露
or strongly
10 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好挑衅的
11 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and high 恭敬的
regard due a superior or an elder
12 condescending a. showing or characterized by a patronizing or 傲慢的
superior attitude toward others
13 embargo n. a government order that limits trade in some 禁运（令）
way
14 treatise n. a book, article, etc., that discusses a subject 专题论文
carefully and thoroughly
earlier time
20 recession n. a period of reduced business activity 经济衰退
21 rampant a. existing or growing greatly and quickly 疯长的
22 slump v. to decrease suddenly and by a large amount 暴跌
23 scandal n. an occurrence in which people are shocked 丑闻
and upset because of behavior that is morally or
legally wrong
26 consolidate v. to make (something, such as a position of 巩固
power or control) stronger or more secure
27 counterforce n. a force that opposes another force 反击力
28 concomitant n. something that happens at the same time as 伴随发生的

something else 事
a. happening at the same time as something 同时发生的
else
30 futility n. the quality or state of being ineffective 无效
31 unease n. a feeling of worry or unhappiness 不安
32 pointles a. having no meaning, purpose, or effect 无意义，空
洞
33 sloth n. the quality or state of being lazy 懒散
34 apathy n. the feeling of not having much emotion or 冷淡;漠然
interest
35 gleam v. to shine brightly 闪闪发光
36 imperial a. of or relating to an empire or an emperor 皇家的，庄
严的
37 paraphernalia n. objects that are used to do a particular activity: 随身物品;装
objects of a particular kind 备
38 unostentatious a. not excessively or pretentiously showy or 朴素的;不虚
flamboyant : quiet and restrained in taste 饰的
39 modest a. not too proud or confident about yourself or 谦虚的
your abilities : not showing or feeling great or
excessive pride
a. not very large in size or amount 适度的
40 august a. having a formal and impressive quality 威严的
41 majestic a. large and impressively beautiful 宏伟的
42 casual a. happening by chance : not planned or 偶然的
expected
43 flare n. a light that shines brightly and briefly 闪光
44 churn v. to move in a circle 产生剧烈搅
动
45 circumstellar a. surrounding or occurring in the vicinity of a 环绕恒星的
star
46 spiral v. to move in a circle around a central point while 螺旋式地移
getting closer to or farther away from it : to move 动
in a spiral
47 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of what 讽刺的
you really think especially in order to be funny
50 content a. pleased and satisfied: not needing more 满足
51 disdain v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone 鄙视
or something)
Section 27
1 avant-garde a. a group of people who develop new and often 先锋派的
very surprising ideas in art, literature, etc.
2 flout v. to break or ignore (a law, rule, etc.) without 藐视
hiding what you are doing or showing fear or
shame
3 presuppose v. to be based on the idea that something is true 预先假定
or will happen
5 illuminate v. to make (something) clear and easier to 阐明
understand
6 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about your 自私自利的
own needs and interests
realistic
10 ineffectual a. not producing or able to produce the effect 无效的
you want
11 rivalry n. a state or situation in which people or groups 竞争
are competing with each other
12 cluster n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物
together 的）群，
团，组
13 invention productive imagination 虚构的故事
14 animate v. having life : alive or living 使…有生气
15 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people 华而不实的
and that may not be honest or reasonable 言语
16 hallmark n. a quality, ability, etc., that is typical of a 标志
particular person or thing
17 eloquence a. the ability to speak or write well and in an 雄辩
effective way
18 fantasy n. something that is produced by the imagination 幻想
20 instinctive a. based on feelings or desires that do not come 生来的;本能
from thinking or learning 的
21 acquire v. gained by or as a result of effort or experience （尤指靠自
己的努力或
行动）获得
的
威等）

的事或想得
之物）
25 celebrate v. to say that (someone or something) is great or 颂扬
important
26 incommensurate a. not commensurate 不相称的
27 surpass v. to be better or greater than (someone or 胜过
something)
28 parity n. the quality or state of being equal or 平等
equivalent
29 inclusive a. covering or including everything 包罗广泛的
30 stratification n. the state of being divided into social classes 分层
31 elucidate v. to make (something that is hard to 阐明
understand) clear or easy to understand
32 speculation n. ideas or guesses about something that is not 推测
known
33 obfuscate v. to make (something) more difficult to 困惑
understand
sufficient evidence
35 per capita NA 按人分配的
36 distortion n. the act of twisting out of shape or making 扭曲
inaccurate
37 disparity n. different from each other 不一致
38 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 动摇不定
39 variance n. an amount of difference or change 不一致
40 vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, 犹豫不决
indecision
41 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something 蔑视
that you do not think deserves your respect,
attention, affection, etc.)
elements
comprehended
44 slippery a. not easy to understand or identify in an exact （问题等)
way 难以应对的
46 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe something 骗人的
that is not true
47 futile a. having no result or effect : pointless or useless 无效的
48 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your 引人入胜的
attention
Section 28
1 cataclysmic a. severely destructive 灾难性的
pervasive a. existing in or spreading through every part of 普遍的
2
something
3 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or region 地方性的
4 from scratch NA 白手起家
winnow v. to remove (people or things that are less 筛选
6 important, desirable, etc.) from a larger group or
list
7 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a subject 论述
purport v. to claim to be or do a particular thing when this 自称
8
claim may not be true
settle v. to end (something, such as an argument) by 解决（分
10 reaching an agreement 歧、纠纷
等）
provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
11
a. causing sexual feelings or excitement 刺激的
12
stipulate v. to demand or require (something) as part of an 规定
agreement
14 simultaneous a. happening at the same time 同时发生的
superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or 粗略的
15 a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
16
isolationism n. the belief that a country should not be involved 孤立主义
with other countries
resilience n. the ability of something to return to its original 快速恢复的
17 shape after it has been pulled, stretched, 能力
pressed, bent, etc.
idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
18 possible to live according to very high standards
of behavior and honesty
19
peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group 同辈
or social group as someone else
20
cliquish n. a small group of people who spend time 小集团
together and who are not friendly to other people
alienation n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
21 person's affections from an object or position of
former attachment
archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧
22 ancient times 的
vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤
24
about (someone or something)
stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍

25
stop (something) from happening
26
hinder v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
slow or difficult
27 aggrieve v. to give pain or trouble to 令委屈
circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as 避免
28
a law or rule)
forge n. a place where objects are made by heating 伪造
29
and shaping metal
30 assembly n. the act of connecting together the parts of 装配
apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴
31 interest 趣的
fractious a. full of anger and disagreement 易怒的
32
a. hard to manage or control 难对付的
restive a. feeling bored or impatient while waiting for 难以驾驭的
33
something to happen or change
cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish and 认为人皆自
34 dishonest 私的
compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
35
ordered to do
37 rant n. a bombastic extravagant speech 粗野的话
diatribe n. an angry and usually long speech or piece of 谩骂
38 writing that strongly criticizes someone or
something
39
exculpate v. to prove that someone is not guilty of doing 使无罪
something wrong
40 disquisition n. a long speech or written report on a subject 专题论文
vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到
41 criticism or censure 的责难或嫌
疑的）澄清
Section 29
something
8 abstemious a. marked by restraint especially in the eating of （生活等）
food or drinking of alcohol 以节制为特
点的
10 insouciance n. a relaxed and calm state: a feeling of not 无忧无虑；
worrying about anything 漫不经心
11 surreptitious a. done in a secret way 秘密的
12 narrator n. someone who tells a story 讲述者
13 bog down NA 使停滞不前
14 adversary n. opponent, enemy 敌手
15 adjudicate v. to make an official decision about who is right 宣判
in (a dispute)
16 inadequate a. not enough or not good enough 不充足的
17 abstruse a. difficult to comprehend 深奥的
18 controversy n. argument that involves many people who 公开辩论
strongly disagree about something
19 eyewitness n. a person who sees something happen and is 目击证人
able to describe it
20 perish v. to disappear or be destroyed 毁灭
21 repetitious a. having parts, actions, etc., that are repeated 重复的
many times in a way that is boring or unpleasant
22 encounter v. to meet (someone) without expecting or 碰见
intending to
25 trace v. to follow the path or line of (something) 跟踪
n. a very small amount 痕量
26 predate v. to exist or happen at an earlier time than （在日期
(something or someone) 上）早于
27 therapy n. the treatment of physical or mental illnesses 治疗

30 deem v. to think of (someone or something) in a 认为
particular way
32 suspect v. to have doubts of 怀疑
33 fund v. to provide money for (something) 为…提供资
金
34 cast-iron a. very strong or tough 坚固的
35 rebel n. a person who opposes a person or group in 造反者
authority
37 reproach v. to speak in an angry and critical way to 责骂
(someone)
38 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to 暂缓
stop doing something that is difficult or
unpleasant or when something difficult or
unpleasant stops or is delayed
39 relief n. a pleasant and relaxed feeling that someone （不快过后
has when something unpleasant stops or does 的）宽慰
not happen
40 deference n. a way of behaving that shows respect for 尊重;顺从
41 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
excited
44 antagonize v. to cause (someone) to feel hostile or angry: to 使成为敌人
irritate or upset (someone)
聊的
50 erroneous a. not corect 错误的
的
52 delusive a. inappropriate to reality or facts 迷惑的;欺骗
的
53 sketchy a. done quickly without many details 粗略的
Section 30
1 affable a. friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼的
2 ebullient a. lively and enthusiastic 精力充沛的
3 measured a. done with thought and care 谨慎小心的
4 irascible a. becoming angry very easily: having a bad 易怒的
temper
5 overwrought a. extremely excited 过度紧张的
6 disprove v. to prove to be false or wrong 证明…是虚
假的
误
8 conflate v. to bring together 混合
9 divulge v. to make (information) known: to give 泄露
(information) to someone
11 naïve a. having or showing a lack of experience or 天真的
knowledge: innocent or simple
12 exaggeration n. the state of thinking of or describing 夸张
something as larger or greater than it really is
13 deception n. the act of making someone believe something 欺诈
that is not true
14 virtually adv. very nearly : almost entirely 几乎
15 penalty n. punishment for breaking a rule or law 惩罚
16 premeditate v. to think about and plan beforehand 预先考虑
17 glamorous a. very exciting and attractive : full of glamour 迷人的
18 chic a. fashionable style 时髦的
19 unfathomable a. impossible to understand 难以了解的
20 sensible a. having or showing good sense or judgment 明智的
22 compunction n. a feeling of guilt or regret 后悔
23 subordinate a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or 下级的
positio
24 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 绝对必要的
25 primitive a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an （动植物）
early time in the 原始的，低
very ancient past 等的
a. very simple and basic 初级的
comprehended
的
28 compensate for NA 弥补
29 portend v. to give an omen or anticipatory sign of 预示
30 offset v. to create an equal balance between two things 抵消

威等）
32 murky a. very dark or foggy 昏暗的
33 compact a. using little space and having parts that are 紧凑的
close together
34 pristine a. not changed by people: left in its natural state 自然状态的
a. in perfect condition: completely clean, fresh, 新鲜的
neat, etc.
35 grimy a. dirty 满是灰尘的
36 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or 瑕疵
less beautiful
37 dour a. serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy 冷冰冰的
38 mirthful a. arousing or provoking laughter 愉快的
39 jovial a. full of happiness and joy 快乐的
40 intelligent a. able to learn and understand things 聪明的;理解
力强的
41 tepid a. not energetic or excited 不热情的
42 lugubrious a. full of sadness or sorrow 悲哀的
43 gloomy a. sad or depressed 令人沮丧的;
Section 31
1 dissent n. public disagreement with an official opinion, 意见的分歧
decision, or set of beliefs
2 authoritarianism n. expecting or requiring people to obey rules or 独裁主义
laws: not allowing personal freedom
3 forbearance n. the quality of someone who is patient and able 忍耐
to deal with a difficult person or situation without
becoming angry
4 volatility n. a tendency to change quickly and 反复无常
unpredictably
5 lucidity n. clearness of thought or style 清晰
6 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem or 应急办法
do something
7 reminiscent a. thinking about the past 回忆往事的
a. reminding you of someone or something else : 使人联想…
similar to something else 的
8 indispensable a. extremely important and necessary 绝对必要的
9 inimical a. not friendly 敌意的
a. likely to cause damage or have a bad effect 有害的
10 dictum n. a statement or well-known remark that 格言
expresses an important idea or rule
11 qualify v. to limit or modify the meaning of 限定
12 jettison v. to get rid of 丢弃
13 affirm v. to say that something is true in a confident 证实
way
14 taxing a. requiring a lot of effort, energy, etc. 费力的
15 sanity n. the condition of having a healthy mind 头脑清楚
n. the condition of being based on reason or 通情达理
good judgment
16 intrude v. to come or go into a place where you are not 侵入
wanted or welcome
17 prestigious a. honored 有声望的
earlier time
something
21 virtually adv. very nearly : almost entirely 几乎
22 cover up NA 掩饰，掩盖
dishonest 私的
25 captivate v. to attract and hold the attention of by being 迷住
interesting, pretty, etc.
26 outrage v. to make (someone) very angry 激怒
27 heterogeous a. made up of parts that are different 不同的
28 indeterminate a. not able to be stated or described in an exact 不明确的

way
29 de-emphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 不再重视
30 champion v. to fight or speak publicly in support of 支持
31 defend v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
or hostile criticism
32 hamstring v. v. to damage or ruin the force or effectiveness 损害,使无能
of 为力
33 revitalize v. to give new life or vigor to 使复兴
34 impair v. to make weaker or worse 损害
35 invigorate v. to give life and energy to (someone) 使精力充沛
36 inflammatory a. causing anger 有煽动性的
37 bighearted a. generous, charitable 宽大的
38 manic a. very excited, energetic, or emotional 疯狂的
聊的
40 gloomy a. sad or depressed 令人沮丧
的，前景黯
淡的;
41 puerile a. silly or childish especially in a way that shows 幼稚的
a lack of seriousness or good judgment
Section 32
1 usage n. manner of treating 对待
2 sober a. plain in color; having or showing a very serious 有节制的;朴
attitude or quality 素的
3 exalt v. to praise highly 赞扬
4 coddle v. to treat (someone) with too much care or 娇惯，溺爱
kindness
5 excoriate v. to criticize very harshly 严厉指责
6 mollify v. to make less angry 使平静
7 delude v. to cause (someone) to believe something that is 哄骗
not true
9 hews to NA 遵守
10 override v. to make (something) no longer valid 推翻
painful
12 incompatible a. not able to exist together without trouble or 不相容的
conflict
13 clumsy a. awkward or inefficient in use or construction 笨拙的
14 compliance n. the act or process of doing what you have been 服从
asked or ordered to do
15 obsequious a. too eager to help or obey someone important 谄媚的
16 veil v. to hide or partly hide (something) 掩盖
17 sabotage v. to destroy or damage (something) deliberately 蓄意破坏，
so that it does not work correctly 捣乱
18 venerate v. to feel or show deep respect for 尊敬
19 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike 憎恶
21 sidestep v. bypass, evade 回避，躲避
22 vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤
23 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as a 避免
law or rule)
25 mien n. a person's appearance or facial expression 风采
26 appealing a. pleasing or attractive 吸引人的
27 exhaustive a. very thorough 彻底的，详
尽无遗
28 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly 综合的;广泛
的
29 disparage v. to describe as unimportant, weak, bad, etc. 贬低
30 assiduous a. showing great care, attention, and effort 勤勉的
31 stupefaction n. the state of being stupefied 麻木状态
32 mockery n. insulting or contemptuous action or speech 嘲笑
33 incredulity n. a feeling that you do not or cannot believe or 怀疑
accept that something is true or real
34 derision n. the feeling that people express when they 嘲弄

criticize and laugh at someone or something in an
insulting way
35 retrenchment n. a cutting of expenses 删除
36 burgeon v. to grow or develop quickly 迅速发展
38 curtail v. to reduce or limit 削减
Section 33
1 glamorous a. very exciting and attractive 富有魅力的
2 concoct v. to invent or develop 捏造
v. to make by mixing different things together 混合而制
3 disavow v. to deny that you know about or are involved 不承认
in (something)
understand
5 chaotic a. in a state of complete disorder and confusion 无秩序的
6 impute v. to say or suggest that someone or something 把（错误
has or is guilty of (something) 等）归咎于
7 dubious a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion 可疑的
a. unsure or uncertain 不确定的
8 dilute a. reduced in strength as a result of containing 稀释的
an added liquid
9 counterintuitive a. not agreeing with what seems right or natural 违反直觉的
10 trace n. a very small amount 微量
as a law or rule)
12 supplant v. to take the place of 代替
13 sensationalism n. the use of shocking details to cause a lot of （指行文或
excitement or interest 报道）耸人
听闻
14 slant n. a peculiar or personal point of view, attitude, 偏见
or opinion
15 stave off NA 避免
16 supersede v. to replace (someone or something) 取代
17 halt n. the stopping or ending of movement, 停止
progress, or action
18 vice versa NA 反之亦然
19 assert v. the demonstrate the existence of 声称
20 self-perpetuating a. continuing without any outside influence 自我持续的
22 uncover v. to allow (something) to be seen by removing 揭露
a covering
23 ponderous （文章或谈
a. very boring or dull 话）冗长乏
味的
24 empirical a. based on testing or experience 以观察或实
验为依据的
25 laudatory a. expressing or containing praise （文章或言
谈）表示赞
美的
26 deify v. to treat like a god or goddess 神化
27 personage n. an important or famous person 名人

29 aggrandize v. to make great or greater 夸大;吹捧;
30 aerial a. taken or seen from an airplane 空中的
31 gigantic a. extremely large 庞大的
a. able to be seen : clearly shown or visible 明显的
painful
34 undercut v. to make weaker or less effective 削弱
understand
37 palpable a. capable of being touched or felt 摸得着的
describe, etc.
39 nettlesome a. causing vexation 恼人的
40 incontrovertible a. not able to be doubted or questioned 不容置疑的
ancient times 的
44 divisive a. causing a lot of disagreement between 引起分歧的
people and causing them to separate into
different groups
45 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen 悲观
in the future
46 unintelligible a. impossible to understand 难以理解
的；难懂的
Section 34
1 epic a. very great or large and usually difficult or 宏大的
impressive
3 heroic a. having or showing great courage 英勇的
4 harrowing a.very distressing or painful 令人伤心的
7 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny because 讽刺
things happen in a way that seems to be the
opposite of what you expected
8 provincial a. having narrow or limited concerns or interests 狭隘
9 confinement n. the act of confining someone or something 限制
10 contingent a. depending on something else that might or might 依情况而定
not happen 的
11 beset v. to cause problems or difficulties for (someone or 困扰
something)
12 sacrosanct a. too important and respected to be changed, 神圣的
criticized, etc.
13 foreordained 预先注定
14 humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are better 谦恭
than other people
15 inflated a. too large or high （价格）过
高的
16 fastidious a. showing or demanding excessive delicacy or 挑剔的
care
17 miracle n. a very amazing or unusual event, thing, or 奇迹
achievement
18 improvise v. to speak or perform without preparation 即兴创作
19 oversell v. to praise (something or someone) too much 吹嘘过度
20 seclusion n. the act of placing or keeping someone away 隔绝
from other people
21 opulence wealth, affluence 富裕
22 enormity n. great size 庞大
23 venue n. the place where an event takes place 聚集地点
25 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple way of 禁欲的
living that avoids
physical pleasure
27 ramification n. something that is the result of an action, 后果
decision, etc.
28 leach v. to remove or remove from by the action of a 过滤
liquid passing through a substance
29 replenish v. to fill or build up (something) again 补充
31 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to stop 暂缓

doing something that is difficult or unpleasant or
when something difficult or unpleasant stops or is
delayed
33 worrisome a. causing people to worry 令人不安的
34 stubborn a. refusing to change your ideas or to stop doing 固执的
something
35 intractable a. not easily managed, controlled, or solved 难驾驭的
36 peer n. a person who belongs to the same age group or 同辈
social group as someone else
37 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；
to understand or explain 难懂的
38 alleviate v. to make less painful, difficult, or severe 减轻
39 block v. to stop (someone or something) from moving 阻碍
through or going by
40 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示
41 portend v. to give an omen or anticipatory sign of 预示
slow or difficult
Section 35
1 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely good, 奇迹
skillful, etc.
2 medieval a. of or relating to the Middle Ages 中古的
a. very old : too old to be useful or acceptable 过时的
3 dead end NA 僵局
4 exemplar a. extremely good and deserving to be admired and 典型
copied
5 glorify v. to honor or praise 赞颂
6 dilution n. something (such as a solution) that is diluted 稀释
7 antithesis n. the exact opposite of something or someone 对立
8 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened or 按发生时间
came to be 顺序排列的
9 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏
wanted
11 transparency n. the quality or state of being transparent 透明
12 mishandle v. to deal with or manage wrong or ignorantly 错误地处理
14 forestall v. to stop (something) from happening or to cause 预先阻止
(something) to happen at a later time
16 arrest v. to stop the progress or movement of 阻止
v. to use the power of the law to take and keep 逮捕
v. to attract and hold the attention of 吸引
17 escalate v. to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, 使逐步上升
intensity, or scope
18 controversy n. argument that involves many people who strongly 公开辩论
disagree about something
19 eyewitness n. a person who sees something happen and is able 目击证人
to describe it
20 perish v. to disappear or be destroyed 毁灭
that is not true
23 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that makes a 与众不同的
person or thing
different from others
24 succession n. the act of getting a title or right after the person 继承权
who had that title or right before you has died or is
no longer able or allowed to have it
25 embellish v. to decorate (something) by adding special details 润色
and features: to make (something) more appealing
or attractive
26 anchor v. to be the strongest and most important part of （使）固定
(something)
27 tenuous a. very thin 稀薄的
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, weak, or 站不住脚的

uncertain
29 marginal a. not very important 不重要的
a. not included in the main part of society or of a 边缘的
group
30 profound a. coming from, reaching to, or situated at a depth 意义深远的
a. difficult to understand 深奥的
a. having or showing great knowledge or 渊博的
understanding
31 articulate v/a. to give clear and effective utterance to 清楚说明(的)
32 extirpate v. to destroy or remove completely 根除
needed)
34 devalue v. to cause (something or someone) to seem or to 贬低
be less valuable or important
35 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low 轻视
36 deflate v. to reduce or cause to contract 减少…的重要
性
37 soothe v. relieve, alleviate 缓和
v. by please by or as if by attention or concern 平息
38 insidious a. causing harm in a way that is gradual or not 潜在的
easily noticed
39 innocuous a. producing no injury: harmless 无害的
a. not likely to give offense or to arouse strong 平淡乏味的
feelings or hostility: inoffensive, insipid
41 aberrant a. deviating from the usual or natural type 反常的
42 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or （药、措施
effect 等）有效的
43 placid a. not easily upset or excited 平和的
44 daunting a. tending to make people afraid or less confident 令人畏惧的
45 forbidding a. having a frightening or threatening appearance 令人生畏的
Section 36
1 grateful a. feeling or showing thanks 感激的
2 attorney n. one who is legally appointed to transact 律师
business on another's behalf
3 general a. involving, applicable to, or affecting the whole 普遍的
a. not specific 笼统的
n. a military officer ranking above a colonel 上将
4 misfeasance n. the performance of a lawful action in an illegal 不法行为
or improper manner
5 diffident a. lacking confidence 缺乏自信的
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of 踌躇的
self-confidence
7 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very 无法安抚的
angry or determined way that cannot be changed
8 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决
的
10 salutary a. having a good or helpful result especially after 有益的
something unpleasant has happened
12 sequential a. of, relating to, or arranged in a particular order 顺序的
or sequence
13 bewildering a. extremely confusing or difficult to understand 让人困惑的
14 assault n. a violent physical or verbal attack 袭击
15 impediment n. something that interferes with movement or 妨碍
progress
16 nonchalance n. the state of being relaxed and free from 无动于衷，
concern or excitement 冷淡
17 naiveté n. the state or quality of being inexperienced or 天真无邪
unsophisticated
18 tweak v. to make usually small adjustments in or to 对…作微调
19 tilt n. slant, bias 倾斜
20 entrench v. to place (someone or something) in a very 使处于牢固
strong position that cannot easily be changed 地位
21 incentive n. something that encourages a person to do 刺激
something or to work harder
a law or rule)
威等）

something)
dishonest or untrue
28 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen 悲观
in the future
29 unintelligible a. impossible to understand 难以理解
的；难懂的
31 unfounded a. not based on facts or proof 莫须有的
32 pious a. deeply religious: devoted to a particular 虔诚的
religion
a. falsely appearing to be good or moral 爱说教的
33 preachy a. trying to teach something (such as proper or 爱讲道的
moral behavior) in a way that is annoying or
unwanted
34 querulous a. complaining in an annoyed way 爱唠叨的
35 sanctimonious a. pretending to be morally better than other 假装（比别
people 人）圣洁的
37 plaintive a. expressing suffering or sadness 悲伤的
38 fiery a. full of or exuding emotion or spirit 热烈的
a. easily provoked 暴躁的
39 genteel a. having a quietly appealing or polite quality 有礼貌的
40 bumbling a. lacking physical movement skills, especially 笨手笨脚
with the hands 的；常出错
的
42 impassioned a. showing or feeling very strong emotions 热情的
43 tinker v. to try to repair or improve something (such as 小修;小补
a machine) by making small changes or
adjustments to it
45 reserved a. restrained in words and actions 话少的，保
守的
46 prototypical a. having the typical qualities of a particular 模范的；典
group or kind of person or thing: very typical 型的
47 cantankerous often angry and annoyed 爱争吵的
Section 37
1 imprudence the quality or state of being imprudent 轻率
3 promise n. an indication of future success or 希望
improvement
4 redundancy n. a word, phrase, etc., that repeats something 冗长
else and is therefore unnecessary
5 ballyhoo v. talk or writing that is designed to get people 吹嘘；大肆
excited or interested in something 宣扬
6 quip n. something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric 俏皮话, 妙
语
7 pensive a. quietly sad or thoughtful 深思的
8 droll a. having an odd and amusing quality 滑稽的
9 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 对痛苦的默
accepts what happens without complaining or 默承受或泰
showing emotion 然处之；坚
忍
care
11 congeniality n. friendly concern, interest, and support 同性质
13 discount v. to think of (something) as having little 低估
importance or value
14 emulate v. to try to be like 模仿
15 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc. 平等主义的
16 regal a. of, relating to, or suitable for a king or queen 皇家的
17 ogre n. someone or something that is very frightening, 恶魔
cruel, or difficult to deal with
19 hypocritical a. characterized by behavior that contradicts 虚伪的
what one claims to believe or feel
20 visionary a. of or relating to something that is seen or 空想的
imagined in a dream or vision
a. having or showing clear ideas about what 有远见的
should happen or be done in the future
21 profitmonger / 唯利是图的
人
22 innocent a. lacking or reflecting a lack of sophistication, 天真无邪的
guile, or self-consciousness
23 inertial a. lacking of movement or activity especially 不活泼的
when movement or activity is wanted or needed
24 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often 精心策划的
improper purpose
25 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional 激进的

or ordinary
26 opprobrious a. deserving or bringing disgrace or shame 极无礼的
27 platitudinous a. having the characteristics of a platitude 陈腐的
28 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or argue 好斗的
31 supercilious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 傲慢的
attitude of people who think that they are better
or more important than other people
32 polarize v. to cause (people, opinions, etc.) to separate 使分化
into opposing groups
33 conciliatory a. willing to end a disagreement with someone 愿意和解的
34 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater 夸大（某
than it really is 事）
35 counterintuitive a. not agreeing with what seems right or natural 违反直觉的
36 mixed a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的
kind
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致
incompatible, or contrary elements 的
37 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致
的
38 extroverted a. being a gregarious and unreserved person 外向性的，
喜社交的
40 conscientious a. very careful about doing what you are 认真负责的
supposed to do
41 salient a. very important or noticeable 显著的，重
要的
42 restorative a. having the ability to make a person feel strong 恢复健康的
or healthy again
43 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental tone 恢复健康的
威等）
45 overshadow v. to exceed in importance 超越
Section 38
2 dilemma n. a situation in which you have to make a 进退两难
difficult choice
3 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的;
5 blatant a. very obvious and offensive 明目张胆的
6 worldly a. of or relating to the human world and ordinary 世俗的
life rather than to religious or spiritual matters
7 ethos n. the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral 道德思想
nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or
institution
8 idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
possible to live according to very high standards
n. an obvious or trite comment 陈腔滥调
11 gravity n. a very serious quality or condition: the 严肃
condition of being grave or serious
12 tempting a. having an appeal: enticing 诱人的
13 thrilling a. exciting and enjoyable 令人兴奋的
14 irritating a. causing irritation or annoyance 气人的
15 diverting a. providing amusement or entertainment 有趣的
16 compelling a. strong and forceful 引人入胜的
17 unflinching a. not flinching or shrinking: steadfast, 无所畏惧的
uncompromising
18 slapdash a. quick and careless 草率的
by studying
20 augur v. to foretell especially from omens 预示
21 nondescript a. not easily described: having no special or 无明显特征
interesting qualities, parts, etc. : typical and 的
uninteresting
22 hostility n. an unfriendly or hostile state, attitude, or 敌意
action
23 intoxication n. a strong excitement or elation 陶醉
24 supplant v. to take the place of 代替
26 debut n. the first time an actor, musician, athlete, etc., 初次露面,出
does something in public or for the public 道
27 propitious a. likely to have or produce good results 吉祥的
28 conspicuous a. very easy to see or notice 显而易见的
29 equivocal a. having two or more possible meanings 模棱两可的
30 accountability n. the quality or state of being accountable 责任制
31 disarray n. a lack of order or sequence 混乱
32 unruly a. difficult to control 任性;难驾驭

33 warble v. to sing a melody of low pleasing sounds 用柔和的颤
声唱
35 shriek v. to make a loud, high-pitched cry 尖叫
36 croon v. to sing (a song) in a low soft voice 低声吟唱
37 caterwaul v. to make a very loud and unpleasant sound 尖声怪叫
38 bleaker a. not hopeful or encouraging 没有希望的
39 overture n. a piece of music played at the start of an 前奏曲
opera, a musical play, etc.
40 undercut v. to make (something) weaker or less effective 削弱
41 anticipate v. to think of (something that will or might happen 预料
in the future)
v. to do something before someone el 先于…行动
42 prefigure v. to show or suggest something that will happen 预兆
or exist at a future time
legally wrong
44 accent v. to pronounce (part of a word) with greater 强调
stress or force
45 connotation n. an idea or quality that a word makes you think 内涵
about in addition to its meaning
Section 39
1 zenith n. the highest point or stage 顶点
2 brute a. typical of beasts: like that of a beast 野蛮的
3 jarring a. making or causing a harsh and irritating sound 不和谐的
4 gratifying a. giving pleasure or satisfaction 令人满足的
hostility
6 evocative a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into 唤起的
the mind
7 polemical a. of, relating to, or being a polemic: 挑起争端的
controversial
8 edifying a. instructive or informative in a way that 有启发意义
improves the mind or character 的
10 transcend v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of 超越
(something)
painful
shame
13 indiscriminate a. not careful in making choices 不加判断的
14 iconoclastic a. attacking settled beliefs or institutions 打破旧习的
15 temperate a. marked by moderation 温和的
16 culpability n. responsibility for wrongdoing or failure 有罪
17 fret n. an irritated or worried state 焦急
19 triviality n. something that is not important 无足轻重
20 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: 停滞
21 resonate v. to have particular meaning or importance for 有特殊意义
someone
v. to relate harmoniously 一致
22 outlandish a. very strange or unusual: extremely different 奇异的
from what is normal or expected
23 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资
still valuable to a company 产）无形的
24 frenzy n. great and often wild or uncontrolled activity 狂暴
25 roil v. to upset (someone or something) very much: 使烦恼
to cause (someone or something) to become
very agitated or disturbed
27 torpor n. a state of not being active and having very 麻木;迟钝
little energy
28 conservatism n. dislike of change or new ideas in a particular 守旧
area
29 pitfall n. a danger or difficulty that is hidden or is not 陷阱
easily recognized
30 sway v. to exert a building or controlling influence on 动摇

31 defy v. to confront with assured power of resistance 公然反抗;不
服从
as unimportant
33 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛的
34 meager a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不
happiness 足的
35 repertoire n. all the plays, songs, dances, etc., that a 全部节目
performer or group of performers knows and can
perform
36 idle a. not having any real purpose or value 无意义的
37 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻碍
38 renowned a. widely acclaimed and highly honored 享有声誉
的，有名的
39 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的;无名
的
with certainty
41 rehash v. to present again in a slightly different form 一味的重复
Section 40
2 underestimate v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
actual size, quantity, or number
3 espouse v. to express support for (a cause, belief, etc.) 支持
4 impediment v. something that makes it difficult to do or 妨碍
complete something: something that interferes
with movement or progress
earlier time
6 rationale n. an underlying reason 根本原因
7 delegate n. a person who is chosen or elected to vote or 代表
act for others
8 liken v. to describe as similar to: compare 比拟
10 sophistication n. the process or result of becoming more 复杂巧妙
complex, developed, or subtle
11 hectic a. very busy and filled with activity 繁忙的
12 compulsive a. having power to compel 强迫性的
14 guarded a. very careful about giving information, showing 谨慎的，有
feelings, etc. 保留的
15 dilatory a. causing a delay 拖拉的
16 irritation n. the act of making annoyed or sore and 激怒，恼怒
sensitive
17 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示，预兆
painful
19 duplicate v. to make an exact copy of 复制
21 pertain v. to relate to someone or something: to have a 有关
connection to a person or thing
22 blind alley / 行不通的方
法；死胡同
23 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical 扩大（声
instrument) louder by increasing the strength of 音）
electric signals
24 misrepresent v. to describe (someone or something) in a false 不实报道
way especially in order to deceive someone
25 particularize v. to give specific details or examples of 逐一叙述
(something)
26 transparency n. the quality or state of being transparent 透明
尽无遗

的
30 malfeasance n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a 不法行为
public official or a corporation
31 incompetence n. lack of the ability to do something well 不胜任
32 fraudulence n. the quality or state of being fraudulent 欺诈
34 hysteria n. a state in which your emotions (such as fear) 歇斯底里
are so strong that you behave in an uncontrolled
way
35 impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
and without careful thought
37 backhanded a. not direct or sincere （恭维话）
讽刺挖苦的
38 paltry a. very small or too small in amount; having little 微小的;不重
meaning, importance, or worth 要的
39 heartfelt a. deeply felt : very sincere 诚挚的
40 meager a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不
happiness 足的
41 hitherto adv. until now : before this time 迄今为止
42 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very 无法安抚的
angry or determined way that cannot be changed
43 unyielding a. not changing or stopping 顽强不屈的
44 impeccable a. free from fault or error 无瑕疵的,完
美的
45 unqualified a. not modified or restricted by reservations: 无限制的
complete
46 impartiality n. treating all people and groups equally: not 公正
partial or biased
Section 41
1 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden 自发的
criticize and laugh at someone or something in
an insulting way
criticized, etc.
5 malleable a. capable of being easily changed or influenced 可塑的
people
7 autonomous a. having the power or right to govern itself 有自主权的
10 sequential a. of, relating to, or arranged in a particular order 顺序的
or sequence
11 inevitable a. sure to happen 必然的
12 reclusive a. seeking solitude: retiring from society 隐居的
13 clergyman n. a man who is a member of the clergy 牧师
especially in a Christian church
14 melancholy n. a sad mood or feeling 悲哀，忧郁
15 hamper v. to slow the movement, progress, or action of 妨碍
16 trigger v. to cause to start or happen 引发
other
19 inspection n. the act of examining closely or officially 检验;检查
20 ogre n. someone or something that is very frightening, 恶魔
cruel, or difficult to deal with
21 hypocritic a. characterized by behavior that contradicts 虚伪的
what one claims to believe or feel
23 profitmonger / 唯利是图的
人
24 innocent a. lacking or reflecting a lack of sophistication, 天真无邪的
guile, or self-consciousness
25 inertial a. lacking of movement or activity especially 不活泼的
when movement or activity is wanted or needed
26 wrest v. to take (something) from someone with much 夺取
effort
27 douse v. extinguish 熄灭
28 perpetuate v. to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely 使……永存
29 secure v. to get secure usually lasting possession or 获得

control of
adj. protected from danger or harm 安全的
31 assiduous a. showing great care, attention, and effort 勤勉的
32 stupefaction n. the state of being stupefied 麻木状态
34 incredulity n. a feeling that you do not or cannot believe or 怀疑
accept that something is true or real
35 certitude n. the state of being or feeling certain: freedom 确信
from doubt
36 arguably adv. as may be argued or shown by argument 可以说是
moral character
38 allege v. to state as fact but without proof 断言，宣称
39 pharmaceutical a. of or relating to the production and sale of 制药的，配
drugs and medicine 药的
40 unimpeachable a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be 无可指责的
doubted or questioned
ingenuity
Section 42
1 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 等同于
effect
2 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到
criticism or censure 的责难或嫌
疑的）澄清
3 proscription n. the act of proscribing 禁止，剥夺
权利
4 ministration a. assistance in time of difficulty 帮助
5 valediction n. n. an act of bidding farewell 告别
6 exculpate v. to prove that someone is not guilty of doing 使无罪，辩
something wrong 解
9 redundancy n. a word, phrase, etc., that repeats something 冗长
else and is therefore unnecessary
10 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising 怪异的
or difficult to understand
12 emergent a. newly formed or prominent 新兴的；处
于发展初期
的
dishonest or untrue
15 contiguous a. touching or connected throughout in an 邻近的，接
unbroken sequence 壤的
16 tract n. an indefinite stretch of land 大片土地
17 virgin a. not changed from a natural or original 原始的;未使
condition: not affected by human activity 用的
18 isolated a. separate from others 隔离的
19 anthropogenic a. of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of 人类活动产
human beings on nature 生的
21 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙
的，不利于
自己的企图
的
22 self-aggrandizing a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张的
wealth, position, or reputation
23 self-perpetuating a. capable of continuing or renewing oneself 自我持续的
indefinitely
24 elude v. to avoid or escape (someone or something) by 逃避
being quick, skillful, or clever
尽无遗
26 breeze n. a light gentle wind 微风

27 sour a. having the unpleasant taste or smell of food （馊了有）
that is no longer fresh 酸味的
28 brackish a. somewhat salty 咸的
29 malodorous a. having a bad smell 恶臭的
30 toxic a. containing poisonous substances 有毒的
31 redolent a. having a strong smell: full of a fragrance or 有强烈气味
odor 的;
a. causing thoughts or memories of something 使人联想或
回想起某事
物的
33 anodyne a. serving to ease pain 镇痛的
34 noisome a. offensive to the senses and especially to the 恶臭的，令
sense of smell 人讨厌的
35 warble v. to sing a melody of low pleasing sounds 用柔和的颤
声唱
37 shriek v. to make a loud, high-pitched cry 尖叫
38 croon v. to sing (a song) in a low soft voice 低声吟唱
39 caterwaul v. to make a very loud and unpleasant sound 尖声怪叫
40 naiveté n. the state or quality of being inexperienced or 天真无邪
unsophisticated
41 supremacy n. the quality or state of having more power, 霸权;至高无
authority, or status than anyone else: the state of 上
being supreme
42 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
candidness
a. lacking craft or subtlety 真诚的
要的
45 pecuniary a. of or relating to money 金钱的
46 selfless a. showing great concern for and willingness to 无私的
give unselfishly to others
practical
Section 43
1 experimental a. relating to a scientific experiment or to 实验的
scientific experiments in
general
a. using a new way of doing or thinking about 创新的
something
2 formulaic a. being not original and having been used many 老套的，公
times before in similar situations 式化的
3 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利丰厚的
4 affection n. a feeling of liking and caring for someone or 喜爱
something
6 unbounded a. not limited in any way 无限的
7 capitulate v. to stop trying to fight or resist something: to 屈服
agree to do or accept something that you have
been resisting or opposing
9 monarchy n. a form of government in which a country is 君主制; 君
ruled by a monarch or a country that is ruled by a 主制国家
monarch (such as a king or queen)
11 discount v. to lower the price of (a product) 减价
v. to think of (something) as having little 认为…不重
importance or value 要
admire)
people
15 regal a. of, relating to, or suitable for a king or queen 皇家的
16 cruelty n. the quality or state of causing or wanting to 残忍;虐待
cause suffering
17 folly n. a foolish act or idea 愚行;蠢笨
18 milieu n. the physical or social setting in which people 环境
live or in which something happens or develops
21 corrosive a. causing someone or something to become 腐蚀的，损
weak and damaged 害性的
22 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免

is right, proper, etc.
24 ceded to / 割让，放弃
25 repertoire n. all the plays, songs, dances, etc., that a 全部节目
performer or group of performers knows and can
perform
26 idle a. not having any real purpose or value 无意义的
27 thwart v. to prevent (someone) from doing something or 阻碍
28 renowned a. widely acclaimed and highly honored 享有声誉
的，有名的
29 anonymous a. not named or identified 匿名的;无名
的
a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
30 obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
的
32 accountability n. the quality or state of being accountable 责任制
33 disarray n. a lack of order or sequence 混乱
34 unruly a. difficult to control 任性;难驾驭
35 wan a. looking sick or pale 苍白的，没
有血色的
36 deteriorate v. to make (something) worse 恶化，变坏
Section 44
2 a priori / 推理的
3 vitiate v. to make (something) less effective: to ruin or 破坏
spoil (something)
or something)
5 worldly a. of or relating to the human world and ordinary 世俗的
life rather than to religious or spiritual matters
6 ethos n. the distinguishing character, sentiment, moral 道德思想
nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or
institution
7 idealism n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is 理想主义
possible to live according to very high standards
10 disseminate v. to cause (something, such as information) to 散布
go to many people
11 molder v. to rot slowly especially from not being used: to 腐朽
decay slowly
12 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中
an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
14 detriment a. causing damage or injury 有害的
15 inexorable a. not able to be stopped or changed 不可动摇的
16 in hindsight / 事后诸葛亮
19 disgorge v. to let out or release 排出
21 surplus n. an amount left over 过剩
22 proximity n. the state of being near 接近
(something)
25 furtive a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being 鬼鬼祟祟的
noticed
26 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分
的
28 stratified a. divided into different classes or social layers 按层级划分
的

something)
30 perplex v. to confuse (someone) very much 使迷惑
31 extroverted a. being a gregarious and unreserved person 外向性的，
喜社交的
33 conscientious a. very careful about doing what you are 认真负责的
supposed to do
要的
Section 45
1 anew adv. over again 重新
2 truism n. a true statement that is very commonly heard 不言而喻的
道理
3 provocation n. something that provokes, arouses, or 刺激
stimulates
n. something that causes anger 激怒
4 valediction n. n. an act of bidding farewell 告别
5 affection n. a feeling of liking and caring for someone or 喜爱
something
7 gossamer n. a very light or delicate material 虚无缥缈的
东西
8 mascot n. a person, animal, or object adopted as the 吉祥物
symbol of a group (as a school or sports team)
and believed to bring good luck
9 contrivance n. something that causes things to happen in a 想出的办法
story in a way that does not seem natural or
believable
10 self-conscious a. uncomfortably nervous about or embarrassed 害羞的，不
by what other people think about you 自然的
11 flit v. to move or fly quickly from one place or thing 轻快地掠过
to another
12 whim n. a sudden wish, desire, decision, etc. 突然的念头
ancient times 的
14 robust a. strong and healthy 结实的
15 repudiation n. the act of repudiating: the state of being 否认
repudiated
admire)
17 misrepresent v. to give a false or misleading idea of 歪曲
shame
19 albeit conj. even though 虽然
21 culpability n. responsibility for wrongdoing or failure 有罪
25 offish a. lacking cordiality 疏远的
27 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利多的
28 monotonous a. tediously uniform or unvarying （声音，话

语）单调的
的事或想得
之物）
30 dampen v. to make (something) less strong or active 减弱，抑制
(热情、激
动等)
31 jockey v. to maneuver or manipulate by adroit or 运用手段谋
devious means 利
32 convolution n. something that is very complicated and 错综复杂
difficult to understand
33 detriment n. something that will cause damage or injury to 损害
precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
34 earlier time
legally wrong
42 counterforce n. a force that opposes another force 反击力
43 concomitant n. something that happens at the same time as 伴随发生的
something else 事
a. happening at the same time as something 同时发生的
else
powerful people (such as government officials or
police officers)
46 intrigue n. the activity of making secret plans 密谋
47 trove n. a valuable collection 金银财宝
48 slight v. to offend or insult 蔑视
a. very small in degree or amount 微不足道的
49 laud v. to praise (someone or something) 赞美
something)
51 commend v. to praise (someone or something) in a serious 推荐
and often public way
52 sway v. to exert a building or controlling influence on 动摇

服从
as unimportant
55 slumber v. sleep 睡眠
56 reception n. the act or process of receiving, welcoming, or 接待
accepting something or someone
58 somnolent a. of a kind likely to induce sleep 瞌睡的
59 impartial a. not partial or biased: treating or affecting all 公平的
equally
60 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest in 昏睡的
doing things
64 accede to / 同意
65 meddle with / 乱动（他人
之物）
66 square with / 与…相符
Section 46
1 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的;
4 unorthodox a. different from what is usually done or 非正统的
accepted
5 sophisticated a. highly developed and complex 复杂的
6 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem 应急办法
or do something
7 reminiscent a. thinking about the past 回忆往事的
a. reminding you of someone or something 使人联想…的
else: similar to something else
9 distinct a. different from each other 截然不同的
a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚
的
11 dictum n. a statement or well-known remark that 格言
expresses an important idea or rule
12 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或经
验的
15 affirm v. to say that something is true in a confident 证实
way
16 peddle v. to try to get people to accept or believe 传播
(something)
17 doctrine n. a set of ideas or beliefs that are taught or 教条
believed to be true
18 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信
less effective usually in a secret or gradual 心、权威等）
way
19 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, 证实
theory, etc.) by providing information or
evidence
20 dispel v. to make (something, such as a belief, 驱逐
feeling, or idea) go away or end
22 cover up NA 掩饰，掩盖
24 cynical a. believing that people are generally selfish 认为人皆自私
and dishonest 的
27 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something 同时发生

else
v. to agree with something exactly: to be the 相符;与…一致
same as something else
28 posit v. to suggest (something, such as an idea or 假定
theory) especially in order to start a discussion
29 concede v. to say that you accept or do not deny the 让步
truth or existence of (something): to admit
(something) usually in an unwilling way
30 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) 沉思
carefully
32 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有害的
33 restorative a. having the ability to make a person feel 恢复健康的
strong or healthy again
34 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental 恢复健康的
tone
35 introspective a. characterized by examination of one's own 反省的
thoughts and feelings
36 reflective a. thinking carefully about something 反省性的, 深
思的
37 concrete a. relating to or involving specific people, 具体的
things, or actions rather than general ideas or
qualities
38 concise a. using few words: not including extra or 简明的
unnecessary information
40 collegiality n. the cooperative relationship of colleagues 共同掌权
41 eminence n. a person of high rank or achievements 显赫，卓越
Section 47
1 perennial a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 终年的
long time
2 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness 悲叹
about something
3 poignant a. causing a strong feeling of sadness 尖锐的;辛酸
的
4 condescending a. showing that you believe you are more 高人一等的
intelligent or better than other people
hostility
8 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being a 范例的
pattern to be imitated
10 supplementary a. added or serving as a supplement 增补的
11 qualification n. something that is added to a statement to limit 限制
or change its effect or meaning
12 hedge v. to surround (an area) with a hedge 受…的束缚
13 reiterate v. to repeat something you have already said in 反复地做
order to emphasize it
17 render v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a 使成为
specified condition
18 enamor v. to cause (someone) to be loved or admired 使迷恋
19 heartbreaking a. causing great sadness, disappointment, etc. 令人心碎的
earlier time
earlier time
something
25 incentive n. something that encourages a person to do 刺激
something or to work harder
26 expeditious a. acting or done in a quick and efficient way 迅速完成的
27 pecuniary a. of or relating to money 金钱的
28 arbitrary a. done without concern for what is fair or right 武断的

33 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的
34 mendacity n. lack of honesty: the condition of being 谎言
mendacious
35 artless a. not false or artificial 不做作的,自
然的
37 tragedy n. a play, movie, etc., that is serious and has a 悲剧
sad ending
38 avert v. to prevent (something bad) from happening 避免
40 wrest v. to take (something) from someone with much 夺取
effort
or healthy again
Section 48
3 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic 热情的
support for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
4 candid a. expressing opinions and feelings in an honest 直言不讳的
and sincere way
interest 趣的
criticize and laugh at someone or something in
an insulting way
criticized, etc.
people
13 euphemism n. a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used 委婉说法
instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive
15 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻
尽无遗
18 glib a. speaking or spoken carelessly and often （演讲者或
insincerely 演讲) 油腔
滑调的
19 selective a. careful to choose only the best people or 精心选择的
things
20 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实
21 vivacity n. the quality or state of being full of energy and 活泼
good spirits
22 contend v. to argue or state (something) in a strong and 声称
definite way
23 magnitude n. greatness of size or importance 量级
25 decouple v. to eliminate the interrelationship of （使两事
物）关系减
弱
26 inversion n. a change in the position, order, or relationship 倒置；颠倒

of things so that they are the opposite of what
they had been
27 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示，预兆
painful
31 pertain v. to relate to someone or something: to have a 有关
connection to a person or thing
32 quell v. to end or stop (something) usually by using 镇压
force
33 chronological a. arranged in the order that things happened or 按发生时间
came to be 顺序排列的
35 multifarious a. of many and various kinds 多方面的
39 accession n. the act of assenting or agreeing 同意，赞同
44 quiescence n. a state of quiet (but possibly temporary) 静止
inaction
45 turbulence n. a state of confusion, violence, or disorder 骚乱
46 isolation n. the state of being in a place or situation that is 隔离
separate from others
47 take issue with NA 提出异议，
否认
威等）
49 castigate v. to criticize (someone) harshly 严厉批评
50 chastise v. to criticize (someone) harshly for doing 批评；指责
something wrong
Section 49
1 synapse n. the point at which a nervous impulse passes （神经元
from one neuron to another 的）突触
uncertain
3 sever v. to put or keep apart: divide 割断
4 ballyhoo v. talk or writing that is designed to get people 吹嘘；大肆
excited or interested in something 宣扬
5 quip n. something strange, droll, curious, or eccentric 俏皮话, 妙
语
6 pensive a. quietly sad or thoughtful 深思的
7 droll a. having an odd and amusing quality 滑稽的
8 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who 对痛苦的默
accepts what happens without complaining or 默承受或泰
showing emotion 然处之；坚
忍
care
10 congeniality n. friendly concern, interest, and support 同性质
11 tout v. to talk about (something or someone) as being 吹捧
very good, effective, skillful, etc.
13 clergyman n. a man who is a member of the clergy 牧师
especially in a Christian church
14 melancholy n. a sad mood or feeling 悲哀，忧郁
18 exceptional a. better than average 杰出的
other
20 oversee v. to watch and direct (an activity, a group of 监督
workers, etc.) in order to be sure that a job is
done correctly
22 conducive a. making it easy, possible, or likely for 有助于…的
something to happen or exist
slow or difficult
24 devastate v. to destroy much or most of (something) : to 毁灭
cause great damage or harm to (something)
equally

30 deter v. to prevent (something) from happening 阻止
worse
32 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness 悲叹
about something
33 appraise v. to set a value on 估计
36 detract v. to take away (as from value or importance)
39 deprecatory a. seeking to avert disapproval: apologetic 不赞成的
40 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something else 同时发生
v. to agree with something exactly: to be the 相符;与…一
same as something else 致
41 posit v. to suggest (something, such as an idea or 假定
theory) especially in order to start a discussion
43 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) 沉思
carefully
Section 50
1 baffling a. extremely confusing or difficult to understand 令人困惑的
2 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the 巧合
same time in a way that is not planned or
expected
3 synergy n. the increased effectiveness that results when 协同作用
two or more people or businesses work together
4 naivety n. the quality of lacking experience 天真
5 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as being 前提
true and that is used as the basis of an argument
6 credibility n. the quality of being believed or accepted as 可靠性
true, real, or honest
7 impotency n. the quality of lacking strength or power 无力
活动
confidence
11 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock 激励
13 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising 怪异的
or difficult to understand
15 emergent a. newly formed or prominent 新兴的；处
于发展初期
的
dishonest or untrue
17 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 相等的
effect
18 germane a. relating to a subject in an appropriate way 有关的
20 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙
的，不利于
自己的企图
的
22 self-perpetuating a. capable of continuing or renewing oneself 自我持续的
indefinitely
23 at a premium / 非常珍贵
25 utterance n. vocal expression 表达
27 by design by intention 有意地;故意
地
28 generality n. the quality or state of being general rather 概论

than specific or detailed
partial or biased
30 hamstring v. v. to damage or ruin the force or effectiveness 损害,使无能
of 为力
32 impair v. to make weaker or worse 损害
34 beefy a. large, strong, and often fat （尤指男
子）健硕的
35 audacious a. very confident and daring: very bold and 大胆创新的
surprising or shocking
36 evasive a. not honest or direct 推托的
37 furtive a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being 鬼鬼祟祟的
noticed
39 intrepid a. feeling no fear: very bold or brave 无畏的;勇敢
的
Section 51
1 fertility n. the ability to support the growth of many 肥沃
plants
3 impeachable v. to charge a public official formally with 弹劾
misconduct in office
4 worrisome a. causing people to worry 令人不安的
5 flabbergast v. to shock or surprise (someone) very much 大吃一惊
7 prosaic a. dull or ordinary 乏味的
8 dissident a. disagreeing especially with an established 持不同政见者
religious or political system, organization, or
belief
9 discrepancy n. a difference especially between things that 差异
should be the same
10 infelicity n. inappropriate and unpleasing manner or style 不恰当的（言
(especially manner or style of expression) 语）
12 decay v. to be slowly destroyed by natural processes: 衰败
to be slowly broken down by the natural
processes that destroy a dead plant or body
15 unprecedent a. not done or experienced before 前所未有的
16 incorporate v. to include (something) as part of something 包含; 使并入
else
18 delineate v. to clearly show or describe (something) (详细地)描述
19 recast v. to present (something) in a different way 重组;改写
20 balk at / 回避
21 revel v. to take great pleasure 狂欢
22 retaliate v. to do something bad to someone who has 反击;复仇
hurt you or treated you badly
23 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair; the state 诚实正直;完整;
of being complete or whole
25 a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood 深奥难懂的
obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of 掩盖，使模糊
(something) so that it cannot be seen
27 indictment n. an official written statement charging a 公诉书;控告
person with a crime
progress
29 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or 地方性的

region
30 nomenclature n. a system of names for things especially in (尤指某学科的)
science 命名法
31 abet v. to actively second and encourage 煽动;怂恿
(something, such as an activity or plan)
32 instigate v. to cause (something) to happen or begin 煽动;唆使
have no effect
34 impede v. to interfere with or slow the progress of 阻碍
35 municipality n. a primarily urban political unit having 自治市
corporate status and usually powers of self-
government
Section 52
1 cachet n. prestige; a characteristic feature or quality 威信;声望
conferring prestige
2 wisdom n. knowledge that is gained by having many (社会或文
experiences in life; 化长期积累
的)知识
n. (the ability to use your experience and 智慧;
knowledge to make)good sense or judgment
3 certitude n. the state of being or feeling certain: freedom 确信
from doubt
4 prestige n. the respect and admiration that someone or 威望
something gets for being successful or important
5 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair; the state of 诚实正直;
being complete or whole 完整;
6 humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are 谦恭
better than other people
8 propitiate v. to make (someone) pleased or less angry by 抚慰
giving or saying something desired
9 accentuate v. to make (something) more prominent or 强调
noticeable: accent, emphasize
11 occlude v. to close up or block off 堵塞
12 presage v. to give or be a sign of 预示
13 fraud n. the crime of using dishonest methods to take 骗子
something valuable from another person;
n. a person who pretends to be what he or she is
not in order to trick people
15 unassuming a. not having or showing a desire to be noticed, 谦逊的
praised, etc.
16 stun v. to surprise or upset (someone) very much 使震惊
17 elated a. very happy and excited 兴高采烈的
18 gullible a. easily fooled or cheated 易上当的
19 precursor n. something that comes before something else 先驱
and that often leads to or influences its
development
20 bountiful a. given or provided abundantly; 大量的
a. liberal or generous in bestowing gifts or favors 慷慨的
22 permanent a. lasting or continuing for a very long time or 永恒的
forever : not temporary or changing
23 corrupt v. to cause (someone or something) to become 使腐败
dishonest, immoral, etc.
24 norm n. standards of proper or acceptable behavior; 标准;
n. something (such as a behavior or way of doing 常态;正常
something) that is usual or expected 行为
25 eternal a. seeming to last forever 永恒的
26 precious a. very valuable or important 珍贵的

28 a far cry / 大相径庭的
30 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something : 漠不关心;
an indifferent attitude or feeling 中立
31 suppress v. to end or stop (something) by force 压制
32 incite v. to cause (someone) to act in an angry, harmful, 煽动;鼓动
or violent way
something
34 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
plant or crop)
35 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like (给无实际
a drug but that has no physical effect on the 治疗需要者
patient 的)安慰剂
36 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无
生气的
38 chimerical a. existing only as the product of unchecked 空想的;荒
imagination 诞的
40 extraction n. the act or process of getting something by 提取;提炼;
pulling it out, forcing it out, etc.
41 inception n. the time at which something begins 开端，创始
42 gargantuan a. tremendous in size, volume, or degree 巨大的;庞
大的
43 juvenile a. unpleasantly childish 未成年的;
幼稚的;
44 diminutive a. very small 小的
45 minuscule a. very small 非常小的
Section 53
1 steer v. to guide or change the direction of something 引导
2 stringent a. very strict or severe 严格的
describe, etc.
5 compliant a. willing to do whatever you are asked or 遵从的
ordered to do
7 rarefy v. to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense 使稀薄
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of 踌躇的
self-confidence
9 diligent a. showing steady and earnest care and hard 勤勉的
work
10 timidity n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or 胆小
confidence
11 assertive a. confident in behavior or style 坚定自信的
13 contagious a. capable of being easily spread to others 有感染力的
decisions
17 decry v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard 谴责
19 idiosyncratic a. unusual 怪异的
20 itinerant a. traveling from place to place 巡回的
21 peripatetic a. going from place to place usually as part of 巡回工作的
your job
23 eloquent a. having or showing clear and forceful 口才流利的
expression
24 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or manner 简朴的
25 somber a. very sad and serious; being dark and gloomy 昏暗的
26 awkward a. likely to embarrass 令人尴尬的
a. not graceful （行动）笨
拙的
27 solemn a. very serious or formal in manner, behavior, or 冷峻的;表情
expression 严肃的
28 ungainly a. moving in an awkward or clumsy way : not 笨手笨脚的
graceful
29 controvert v. to dispute or oppose by reasoning 驳斥;反驳

30 buttress v. to support, strengthen, or defend (something) 支持
Section 54
1 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay 破产
debts
2 omniscient a. knowing everything 无所不知的
3 abject a. low in spirit, strength, or hope 悲惨绝望的
4 estimable a. deserving respect 值得尊重的
7 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something : 漠不关心;中立
an indifferent attitude or feeling
8 arrogance n. an insulting way of thinking or behaving that 傲慢
comes from believing that you are better, smarter,
or more important than other people
9 trepidation n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate 惊恐
because you think something bad or unpleasant is
going to happen
10 deficit n. a shortage especially in money 亏损
11 fallacious a. containing a mistake : not true or accurate 谬误的

less painful, etc.
13 dismiss v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
(something or someone)
15 decipher v. to translate from secret or mysterious writing 破译
16 cumulative a. increasing (as in force, strength, amount, or 积累的
importance) over time
cheated
18 oversee v. to watch and direct (an activity, a group of 监督
workers, etc.) in order to be sure that a job is done
correctly
19 chronology n. a record of the order in which a series of events 年代学;
happened
20 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 放弃（想做的
事或想得之
物）
21 glean v. to gather or collect (something) in a gradual way 收集
22 supple a. able to bend or twist easily 易弯曲的
23 enormity n. great size 庞大
24 magnitude n. greatness of size or importance 量级
25 prestige n. the respect and admiration that someone or 威望
something gets for being successful or important
26 transmogrify v. to change or alter greatly and often with 使完全改变
grotesque or humorous effect
27 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡的
people who want to be regarded as more
really are
28 gigantic a. extremely large 庞大的

29 venerable a. deserving honor or respect 令人尊重的
30 snub v. to ignore or treat rudely on purpose 冷落
Section 55
1 adjunct n. something that is joined or added to another 附属物;附件
thing but is not an essential part of it
2 corollary n. something that naturally follows or results 必然的结果(或
from another thing 结论)
3 indulgent a. willing to allow someone to have or enjoy 沉溺;放纵
something even though it may not be proper,
healthy, appropriate, etc.
4 abstemious a. marked by restraint especially in the eating of （生活等）以
food or drinking of alcohol 节制为特点的
8 chagrin n. a feeling of being frustrated or annoyed 失望;恼怒
because of failure or disappointment
9 hubris n. a great or foolish amount of pride or 傲慢;狂妄
confidence
10 complacency n. a feeling of being satisfied with how things 自满;自得
are and not wanting to try to make them better :
a complacent feeling or condition
worse
12 conflate v. to bring together 混合
13 countenance n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
person's expression
v. to accept, support, or approve of (something): 支持;赞成
sanction
14 impugn v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀疑;
attack as false or lacking integrity 置疑
15 explicit a. very clear and complete : leaving no doubt 直言的; 易于
about the meaning 理解的
16 devious a. not straight or direct : having many twists and 不直率的; 曲
turns 折的(道路)
17 divergence n. difference, disagreement (意见、态度等

的)分歧，差异
18 ebullient a. lively and enthusiastic 热情洋溢的
19 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄的
speech
20 introspection n. the process of examining your own thoughts 内省;反省
or feelings
21 bleak a. not hopeful or encouraging; not warm, 不乐观的；暗
friendly, cheerful, etc. 淡的
23 erroneous a. not correct 错误的
a. not very developed or advanced 发育不完全的
25 delusive a. inappropriate to reality or facts 迷惑的;欺骗的

spoil (something)
28 membrane n. a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of 膜
animal or plant origin
29 porous a. easy to pass or get through 多孔的
30 clog v. to slowly form a block in (something, such as (使)阻塞，堵
a pipe or street) so that things cannot move 塞
through quickly or easily
31 permeable a. having pores or openings that let liquids or 可渗透的
gases pass through
32 unwavering a. continuing in a strong and steady way 不动摇的;坚定
的
33 steady a. showing little variation or fluctuation 稳定的
Section 56
1 succinct a. using few words to state or express an idea 简明的;言简意
赅的
2 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence （习惯）根深蒂
固的
4 concision a. the quality or state of being concise 简洁;简明
5 imperturbability n. being marked by extreme calm, 沉着，冷静
impassivity, and steadiness
6 prolix a. marked by or using an excess of words 冗长的;啰嗦的
7 rigor n. the quality or state of being very exact, 缜密;严谨
careful, or strict
9 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is 博学的
learned by studying
10 grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
largeness, scope, effect, or grandeur
11 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not 自满的
wanting to change them
13 adulate n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery 奉承;谄媚
14 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound 华而不实的言辞
important or impressive but is not sincere or
meaningful
16 apocryphal a. well-known but probably not true 虚构的
17 impediment v. something that makes it difficult to do or 妨碍
complete something: something that
interferes with movement or progress
20 recede v. to move back or away; to grow less or 逐渐远离
smaller
21 obviate v. to make (something) no longer necessary: 避免
to prevent or avoid (something)
22 temper v. to make (something) less severe or 使缓和
extreme
n. a state of being angry 脾气
v. to cause (something, such as steel or 使(金属)回火
glass) to become hard or strong by heating it
and cooling it
25 minuscule a. very small 极不重要的
26 spatial a. of or relating to space 空间的
27 regime n. mode of rule or management 统治方式
28 humidity n. moisture in the air: the amount of moisture (空气中的)湿度

in the air
29 superiority n. the quality or state of being high or higher 优势
in quality
30 perception n. the way you think about or understand 感知;洞察力
31 homogeneity n. the quality or state of being of a similar kind 同质
or of having a uniform structure or
composition throughout
32 resemblance n. a point of likeness 相似;相像
a. able to be seen: clearly shown or visible 明显的
34 impregnable a. not able to be captured by attack : very 牢不可破的
strong
36 self-evident a. clearly true and requiring no proof or 显而易见的;明
explanation 摆着的
37 unconceivable a. impossible to imagine or believe: not 难以相信的
conceivable
38 exhaustion n. the condition of being very tired 疲惫不堪
40 groan v. to complain about something 叹息，抱怨
41 intangible n. that does not exist as a physical thing but is （指企业资产）
still valuable to a company 无形的
42 impalpable a. incapable of being felt by 触摸不到的
touch : INTANGIBLE
complete
44 unalloyed a. not alloyed: unmixed, unqualified 纯粹的
Section 57
1 mercurial a. changing often: very changeable （人）反复无常
的
2 amorphous a. having no definite or clear shape or form 无固定形状的
5 exiguous a. excessively scanty : INADEQUATE 稀少的;不够的
6 resurgence n. a growth or increase that occurs after a 复苏
period without growth or increase
8 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 死亡;逝世
being like a death
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都有的
varied ecological conditions
11 disheartening a. disappointed and less confident or less 使人沮丧的
hopeful
14 insalubrious a. not conducive to health : UNWHOLESOME 不健康的，肮脏
破旧的
16 baneful a. causing destruction or serious damage : 邪恶的
bad or evil
18 introspective a. characterized by examination of one's own 内省的;反省的
thoughts and feelings
20 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that 与众不同的
makes a person or thing
21 diverge v. to split and move out in different directions 岔开;分歧
from a single point
22 old-mannered / 老套的
23 compliance n. the act or process of doing what you have 服从
been asked or ordered to do
24 obsequious a. too eager to help or obey someone 谄媚的
important
25 veil v. to hide or partly hide (something) 掩盖
26 sabotage v. to destroy or damage (something) 蓄意破坏，捣乱
deliberately so that it does not work correctly
27 exercised over / 控制
28 cynicism n. beliefs that people are generally selfish and 认为世人皆自私
dishonest 的观念
30 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike 憎恶
31 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support 支持
or approve of (someone or something)
32 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something 谴责;指责
is bad or wrong
34 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某人
harshly
35 archaic a. old and no longer useful; of or relating to 过时的，旧的
ancient times
36 antediluvian a. very old or old-fashioned 陈旧的，过时的
37 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially often 反复无常的
changing suddenly in mood or behavior
38 patronizing a. showing or characterized by a superior 傲慢的
attitude towards others
40 ethereal a. of or relating to the regions beyond the 缥缈的；超凡的
earth
41 tortuous a. complicated, long, and confusing or having 冗长费解的;弯
many twists and turns 曲的
43 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or space 拖延
44 abashed a. made to feel uncomfortable, disconcerted, 羞愧的
or embarrassed by something that has
happened or been done or said
45 arrogant a. having or showing the insulting attitude of 傲慢的;自大的
people who believe that they are better,
smarter, or more important than other people
46 impetuous a. acting or done quickly and without thought 轻率的
a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack 踌躇的
of self-confidence
48 hubristic a. a great or foolish amount of pride or 傲慢的
confidence
49 narcissistic a. loving and admiring yourself and especially 自我欣赏的
your appearance too much
Section 58
1 civic a. of or relating to a city or town or the people 城镇的;市民的
who live there
3 exclusive a. not shared : available to only one person 独有的
or group
4 choleric a. easily moved to often unreasonable or 暴躁的
excessive anger : hot-tempered
5 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协
stubborn 的
6 officious a. used to describe an annoying person who 爱指手画脚的
tries to tell other people what to do in a way
that is not wanted or needed
7 irenic a. favoring, conducive to, or operating toward 和平的
peace, moderation, or conciliation
8 prudent a. having or showing careful good judgment 谨慎的;慎重的
welfare of other people rather than for
yourself
10 solemn a. very serious or formal in manner, behavior, 表情严肃的;庄
or expression 严的
11 abstruse a. difficult to comprehend 深奥的
12 interdisciplinary a. involving two or more academic, scientific, 跨学科的
or artistic disciplines
13 cursory a. done or made quickly 粗略的;仓促的
15 seminal a. having a strong influence on ideas, works, (对以后的发展)
events, etc., that come later : very important 影响深远的
and influential
16 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one 有歧义的
way
17 stigma n. a set of negative and often unfair beliefs 耻辱
that a society or group of people have about
something
18 blemish n. a mark that makes something imperfect or 瑕疵
less beautiful
19 inveterate a. firmly established by long persistence 积习难改的
20 burdensome a. so heavy or hard to take as to be a burden 难以承担的
21 pedestrian a. not interesting or unusual 乏味的，无聊的
22 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in 偶尔发生的
irregular or random instances
23 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than 世俗的;平凡的
to spiritual things
25 laypeople n. a person who is not a member of a 外行
particular profession
26 illustrious a. admired and respected very much 杰出的;卓越的
because a lot was achieved
27 sordid a. very bad or dishonest 卑鄙的;丑恶的

29 distinguished a. known by many people because of some 杰出的;著名的
quality or achievement
30 fraught a. causing or having a lot of emotional stress 焦虑的;忧虑的;
or worry
31 incredible a. difficult or impossible to believe 难以置信的
32 cowardly a. lacking courage 胆小的;懦弱的
33 petty a. relating to things that are not very 次要的
important or serious
34 capricious a. changing often and quickly, especially 反复无常的
often changing suddenly in mood or behavior
35 spiteful a. having or showing a desire to harm, anger, 恶意的;居心不
or defeat someone: having or showing spite 良的
Section 59
n. the finding or decision of a jury on the matter (陪审团的 )裁
1 verdict
submitted to it in trial 定
n. & v. to behave in a violent and uncontrolled
2 riot 暴乱;闹事
way
4 emulsify v. to combine two liquids to make an emulsion (使)乳化
5 denigrate v. to attack the reputation of 诋毁;诽谤
6 petrify v. to frighten very much 使吓呆;使惊呆
v. to show or convince (someone) that a belief is 去掉 (某人 )的
7 disabuse
incorrect 错误想法
n. the quality of being able to be made into
8 plasticity 可塑性
different shapes
n. the quality of someone who is patient and able
9 forbearance to deal with a difficult person or situation without 忍耐
becoming angry
a. very lively, happy, or energetic : filled with
10 exuberant 热情洋溢的
energy and enthusiasm
11 obduracy a. the quality or state of being obdurate 倔强;执拗
v. to make (something) less severe or extreme 使缓和
12 temper
v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.) 使恶化
14 exacerbate
worse
16 grandeur n. a great and impressive quality 宏伟;壮丽
v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as 使从属于
less important than someone or something else
18 subordinate
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or
从属的;下级的
position
19 compunction n. a feeling of guilt or regret 后悔
n. the ability of something to return to its original 快速恢复的能
20 resilience shape after it has been pulled, stretched,
力
pressed, bent, etc.
n. the act or process of damaging or ruining
21 degradation something or the act of treating someone or 毁坏，堕落
something poorly and without respect
22 plethora n. a very large amount or number 过多;过量
n. an amount that is too much or more than you
23 surfeit 过量
need
n. the quality or state of being very exact,
24 rigor 缜密;严谨
careful, or strict
n. a major change or period of change that (引起混乱的 )
25 upheaval
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
n. a great or important victory; a great success
26 triumph 胜利
or achievement
意外消息(常指
27 bombshell n. something that is very surprising or shocking
不幸)

a. having many complexly interrelating parts or
29 intricate 复杂的
elements
30 avaricious a. greedy for riches 贪婪的
31 self-seeking a. seeking only to further one's own interests 追逐私利的
多余的;不需要
32 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
愚蠢的; 不严肃
33 frivolous a. silly and not serious 的
a. having, showing, or arising from an 傲慢自尊的; 自

34 egotistical
exaggerated sense of self-importance 我本位的
a. showing concern for the happiness and
36 altruistic 无私心的
37 benevolent a. organized to do good things for other people 慈善的;仁慈的
Section 60
1 inconspicuous a. not readily noticeable 不起眼的
2 vista n. a large and beautiful view of an area of land 景色，景观
or water
3 crude a. very simple and basic in a way that is true 粗略的
but not complete
a. rude in a way that makes people 粗鲁的

uncomfortable
4 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme 易变的
way
5 grandiose a. seeming to be impressive or intended to be 华而不实的;
impressive but not really possible or practical 浮夸的
6 gregarious a. enjoying the company of other people 交际的;合群
的
7 self-effacing a. not trying to get attention or praise for 谦逊的
yourself or your abilities
8 imperious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 专横的;蛮横
attitude of someone who gives orders and 的
expects other people to obey them
9 interminable a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完
没了的
10 suspend v. to make (something) happen later : to delay 延缓;推迟
(something)
12 rebuff v. to refuse (something, such as an offer or 断然拒绝
suggestion) in a rude way
13 hazard n. a source of danger 危险
14 squelch v. to stop (something) from continuing by doing 压制;遏制
or saying something
15 foment v. to cause or try to cause the growth or 激起，煽动
development of (something bad or harmful)
16 smother v. to try to keep (something) from happening 抑制;扼杀
17 spark v. to set off 引发;触发
18 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) readily or 欣然接受

gladly
20 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something 谴责;指责
is bad or wrong
21 incubator n. an organization or place that helps in the 孵化器
development of new businesses
22 spore n. a cell made by some plants that is like a 孢子
seed and can produce a new plant
23 contract v. to become smaller 收缩
n. a legal agreement between people, 合同
companies, etc.
v. to become affected with 感染
24 irritate v. to make (someone) impatient, angry, or 使烦恼

annoyed
25 enigma n. someone or something that is hard to 费解的事物
understand
something
27 codify v. to put (things) in an orderly form 编纂;整理

a. not graceful （行动）笨拙
的
likely
32 irritating a. causing irritation or annoyance 气人的
33 amorphous a. having no definite or clear shape or form 无固定形状的
34 overt a. easily seen: not secret or hidden 明显的
35 embryonic a. in an early or undeveloped stage 未成熟的
Section 61
序单词英文解释中文解释
号
1 revile v. to speak about (someone or something) in a 斥责
very critical or insulting way
2 auction n. a public sale at which things are sold to the 拍卖
people who offer to pay the most
4 transitory a. lasting only for a short time 转瞬即逝的
5 obduracy n. the quality or state of being obdurate 倔强；执拗
6 astute a. very alert and aware: clever 精明的
9 irreparable a. impossible to get back or to make right 不可恢复的
10 tentative a. not done with confidence : uncertain and 犹豫的
hesitant
a. not definite : still able to be changed 暂定的，不确定
的
11 degrade v. to treat (someone or something) poorly and 降低，削弱
without respect
or noticed
13 precede v. to happen, go, or come before (something or 在…之前发生或
someone) 出现
14 supplement n. something that is added to something else in 增补
15 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or something 代替
that is old or no longer used or accepted)
16 intake n. the amount of something (such as food or 摄取量
drink) that is taken into your body
17 expenditure n. an amount of money that is spent on 消费
something
18 onset n. the beginning of something 开始发生
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
21 contest n. & v. an event in which people try to win by 竞争
doing something better than others
23 a. not friendly 敌意的
inimical
24 autocracy n. a country that is ruled by a person or group 独裁
with total power
25 a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的
indifferent concern for something: apathetic
26 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or 冷淡的;无兴趣
interest 的

action
28 v. to show (something) clearly 表明
manifest
29 cogent a. very clear and easy for the mind to accept 令人信服的
and believe
30 precocious a. having or showing the qualities or abilities of 早熟的
an adult at an unusually early age
31 convolution n. something that is very complicated and 错综复杂
32 nefarious a. evil or immoral 罪恶的;不道德
的
33 naïveté n. the quality or state of being naive 天真
34 a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
ingenuous candidness
35 acquaintance n. knowledge about something (对某事物的)了
解
n. someone who is known but who is not a close 熟人；
friend
36 consort n. a wife or husband especially of a king or (统治者的)配偶
queen
37 kinfolk n. a person's relatives 家属，亲属
38 patron n. a person who gives money and support to an (艺术家的)赞助
artist, organization, etc. 人
39 juxtaposition n. the act or an instance of placing two or more (形成反差的物
things side by side often to compare or contrast 体、形象或想法
or to create an interesting effect 的)并置，并列
40 fertile a. producing a large amount of something 富饶的
41 alluvial a. GEOLOGY: made up of or found in the (河流、洪水)冲
materials that are left by the water of rivers, 积的
floods, etc.
42 intractable a. not easily managed, controlled, or solved 难驾驭的，棘手
的
45 fragility n. easily broken or damaged: very delicate : not 脆弱性
strong
Section 62
号
1 grandiosity n. seeming to be impressive or intended to be 宏伟
impressive but not really possible or practical
2 approbation n. praise or approval 认可
3 vernacular n. the language of ordinary speech rather 方言
than formal writing
4 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not 避免
think it is right, proper, etc.
5 obloquy n. harsh or critical statements about someone 公开的谴责
6 gaffe n. a mistake made in a social situation 失礼;失态;失言
7 jeremiad n. a prolonged lamentation or complaint 哀诉;诉求清单
8 anomaly n. something that is unusual or unexpected 异常
9 harbinger n. something that shows what is coming 预兆
10 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a critical 仔细检查
way
11 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协
stubborn 的
12 feckless a. having or resulting from a weak character 没有价值的
or nature
13 munificent a. very generous （指送礼者）慷
慨的
16 priceless a. extremely valuable or important 无价的;极珍贵
的
17 self- a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张
aggrandizing wealth, position, or reputation
18 deemphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 使不重要
20 doom v. to make (someone or something) certain to 厄运
fail, suffer, die, etc.
21 stubborn a. refusing to change your ideas or to stop 固执的
doing something
22 estranged a. having lost former closeness and affection (与某人)疏远的
23 arbitrary a. done without concern for what is fair or 武断的
right
24 congruent a. matching or in agreement with something 适合的
25 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient (给无实际治疗
like a drug but that has no physical effect on 需要者的)安慰
the patient 剂
26 inert a. unable or slow to move or react 迟钝的;无生气
的
28 chimerical a. existing only as the product of unchecked 空想的;荒诞的
imagination
30 trite a. not interesting or effective because of being 陈腐的

used too often : not fresh or original
31 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough 缺乏
of something
32 self-imposed a. required by you of yourself: not given to 自己强加的
you by someone else
33 exile n. a situation in which you are forced to leave 流放
your country or home and go to live in a
foreign country
35 infuriating a. causing feelings of extreme anger 使人极为生气
(或愤怒)的
Section 63
号
1 recast v. to present (something) in a different way 重组;改写
2 dispassionate a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 见的
4 stalwart a. very loyal and dedicated 忠诚的
5 solicitous a. showing concern or care for someone's 操心的;关怀的
health, happiness, etc.
6 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of 自命不凡的，自
people who want to be regarded as more 负的
really are
7 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not 反复无常的
serious
excited
9 unqualified a. complete or total 未限定的
10 unintentional a. not done in a way that is planned or 非故意的
intended : not intentional
12 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you support 支持
or approve of (someone or something)
14 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly 误解(某人的言
行)
16 venal a. willing to do dishonest things in return for 贪赃枉法的;见
money 利忘义的
17 cerebellum n. medical: the back part of the brain that 小脑
controls balance and the use of muscles
18 euphemism n. a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is 委婉说法
used instead of one that is unpleasant or
offensive
19 cliché n. a phrase or expression that has been used 陈词滥调
so often that it is no longer original or
interesting
20 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used 隐喻
to refer to another thing in order to show or
suggest that they are similar
a. hard to find or capture 难抓住的
21 elusive
22 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有害的
24 exaggerate v. to think of or describe something as larger 夸张
or greater than it really is
25 cinch n. something will certainly happen or that 很容易的事;
someone will easily do something 必然发生的事
26 suspicious a. showing distrust 怀疑的

27 obliterate v. to destroy (something) completely so that 清除
nothing is left
28 emendation n. an alteration designed to correct or 校订;修改
improve
29 heyday n. the time when someone or something is 鼎盛时期
most successful, popular, etc.
30 protean a. able to change into many different forms or 易变的;变幻无
able to do many different things 常的
31 versatile a. able to do many different things; having 多才多艺的;多
many different uses 功能的
34 satiate v. to satisfy (a need, desire, etc.) fully 满足
35 interfere v. to get in the way of as an obstacle 妨碍
36 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough 缺乏
of something
37 surfeit n. an amount that is too much or more than 过量
you need
38 profusion n. a large amount of something 丰富
39 glut n. too much of something : a supply of 供应过剩;供过
something that is much more than is needed 于求
or wanted
40 prototype n. an original or first model of something from 原型
which other forms are copied or developed
41 pretense n. a false reason or explanation that is used 借口
to hide the real purpose of something
42 relic n. something that is from a past time, place, 遗迹
culture, etc.
43 paradigm n. a model or pattern for something that may 范例
be copied
44 vestige n. the last small part that remains of 遗迹
something that existed before
Section 64
号
1 couch v. to say or express (something) in a particular (用某种文体或方
way 式)表达
2 apocalyptic a. wildly unrestrained: GRANDIOSE 夸张的
3 a. in good health 健全的
sound a. free from mistakes 合理的,正确的
4 abstract a. relating to or involving general ideas or 抽象的(与具体经
qualities rather than specific people, objects, 验相对)
or actions
5 complacent a. satisfied with how things are and not 自满的
wanting to change them
7 overblown a. made to seem larger, more impressive or 夸张的
more important than it really is
8 marvel n. someone or something that is extremely 奇迹
good, skillful, etc.
9 medieval a. of or relating to the Middle Ages 中古的
a. very old : too old to be useful or acceptable 过时的
10 dead end NA 僵局
11 exemplar a. extremely good and deserving to be 典型
admired and copied
12 glorify v. to honor or praise 赞颂
13 dilution n. something (such as a solution) that is 稀释
diluted
14 antithesis n. the exact opposite of something or 对立
someone
15 hortatory a. giving strong encouragement 劝告性的
16 ostensible a. being such in appearance : plausible rather 表面上的
than demonstrably true or real
17 seamy a. of or relating to unpleasant and usually 肮脏丑恶的
illegal things (such as crime, drugs, etc.)
18 lurid a. causing shock or disgust: involving sex or 花哨的;(故意地)
violence in a way that is meant to be shocking 骇人听闻的
moral character
21 gripping a. very interesting and exciting 激动人心的
22 escapist n. an activity or form of entertainment that 逃避现实
allows people to forget about the real
problems of life
23 paralyze v. to make powerless or ineffective 使不能正常活动
25 incompetence n. lack of the ability to do something well 不胜任
26 criminality n. the quality or state of being criminal 犯罪行为
27 largesse n. the act of giving away money or the quality 慷慨解囊
of a person who gives away money
28 disquiet v. to make (someone) worried or nervous 令人不安

29 endowment n. a large amount of money that has been 捐赠
given to a school, hospital, etc., and that is
used to pay for its creation and continuing
support
30 generosity n. the quality of being kind, understanding, 慷慨
and not selfish : the quality of being generous
32 integrity n. the quality of being honest and fair 诚实正直
33 eloquence a. the ability to speak or write well and in an 雄辩
effective way
34 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence 华而不实的言语
people and that may not be honest or
reasonable
35 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in 衰败
size, amount, length, or quality
37 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到的责
criticism or censure 难或嫌疑的）澄
清
less effective usually in a secret or gradual 心、权威等）
way
39 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric 激励
shock
40 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that 剧变
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc.
42 quiescent a. not active 静态的
43 interminable a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完没了
的
44 abeyance n. a state of temporary inactivity: 暂时搁置
SUSPENSION —used chiefly in the phrase in
abeyance
nature
46 beatify v. to give a dead person a title of honor for 为（逝者）祝福
being very good and holy
47 pledge n. a serious promise or agreement 保证
48 deify v. to treat like a god or goddess 神化
50 christen v. to baptize (someone) 给(某人)施洗
Section 65
号
3 plastic a. capable of being made into different shapes 可塑的
4 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be 可察觉到的
perceived
5 adroit a. very clever or skillful (尤指待人接
物)精明的
6 vulgarity n. the quality or state of not having good taste, 庸俗;粗野
manners, politeness, etc.
7 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a 论述
subject
9 flagrant a. very bad : too bad to be ignored 骇人听闻的
10 crass a. having or showing no understanding of what 愚蠢而无同情
is proper or acceptable: rude and insensitive 心的
11 renounce v. to give up, abandon, or resign usually by a 宣布放弃
public declaration
12 merge v. to cause (two or more things, such as two 结合
companies) to come together and become one
thing : to join or unite (one thing) with another
13 compartmentalize v. to separate (two or more things) from each 分隔
other
14 correlation n. the relationship between things that happen 相互关系
or change together
15 scaremonger n. one inclined to raise or excite alarms 危言耸听的人
especially needlessly
16 elicit v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
someone
17 vindicate v. to show that (someone) should not be 证明(某人)无
blamed for a crime, mistake, etc. : to show that 罪(责)
(someone) is not guilty
spoil (something)
20 mar v. to ruin the beauty or perfection of 破坏;损害
(something) : to hurt or damage the good
condition of (something)
powerful people (such as government officials
or police officers)
22 resolution n. firmness of purpose : DETERMINATION 坚定;坚决
24 belligerent a. angry and aggressive : feeling or showing 好斗的
readiness to fight
25 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or 好斗的
argue
26 exhaustive a. including all possibilities: very thorough 全面彻底的
a. combining characteristics of more than one 混合的

kind
27 mixed
a. including or accompanied by inconsistent, 前后不一致的
incompatible, or contrary elements
28 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致的
29 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly 综合的;广泛的
32 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple way of 禁欲的
living that avoids
physical pleasure
34 tempestuous a. full of strong emotions (such as anger or 激烈的;狂暴的
excitement)
37 inaccessible a. difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or 无法理解的
understand
decisions
39 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐的
40 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；难
difficult to understand or explain 懂的
41 distressing a. making you feel extremely upset, especially 令人苦恼的
because of sb's suffering
Section 66
号
1 uneasy a. worried or unhappy about something 不稳定的
2 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical instrument) 扩大（声音）
louder by increasing the strength of electric signals
3 spur v. to encourage (someone) to do or achieve something 激励
4 sophist n. a captious or fallacious reasoner 诡辩家
5 quibbler n. a small complaint or criticism usually about 斤斤计较的人
something unimportant
6 doctrinaire n. a person who has very strong beliefs about what 固执己见的人
should be done and will not change them or accept
other people's opinions
7 pedant n. one who makes a show of knowledge 卖弄学问的人
8 rally n. a public meeting to support or oppose someone or 一致支持；团结
something 起来
9 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱（信
effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
10 serendipity n. luck that takes the form of finding valuable or (意外发现或发
pleasant things that are not looked for 明新奇或有价值
事物的)运气
11 precocity n. of a child : having or showing the qualities or abilities 早熟
of an adult at an unusually early age
12 destiny n. what happens in the future : the things that someone 命运
or something will experience in the future
13 devil n. an evil spirit 魔鬼
14 free-for-all / 不加管制;自由
放任
15 vicious a. very dangerous; very violent and cruel 残酷的;凶猛危
险的
16 ritualize v. to practice ritualism 使程式化
17 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular order 例行的;日常的
18 deceptive a. intended to make someone believe something that 骗人的
is not true
20 hail v. to greet with enthusiastic approval: ACCLAIM 赞扬
21 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very strong 给予高度评价
and enthusiastic way
23 wayward a. following one's own capricious, wanton, or depraved 倔强的
inclinations: UNGOVERNABLE
24 errant a. behaving wrongly 行为不当的
25 incisive a. very clear and direct: able to explain difficult ideas 透彻的
clearly and confidently
28 recondite a. not understood or known by many people 晦涩的
29 tactless a. tending to offend or upset people : not showing or 言行不得体的
having tact

31 deft a. quick and skillful in action 灵巧的;机敏的
32 fabricate v. to make up for the purpose of deception 编造;捏造
33 eliminate v. to remove (something that is not wanted or needed) 消除
Section 67
号
1 chunk n. a thick piece of something 话语组成部分
2 verse n. poem 诗
3 a. not interesting 乏味的
jejune
5 corrosive a. causing someone or something to become 腐蚀的，损害性
weak and damaged 的
6 finicky a. very hard to please (对衣食等)过分
讲究的，过分挑
剔的
7 indiscreet a. not having or showing good judgment: 不审慎的;鲁莽
revealing things that should not be revealed 的
8 masterpiece n. the best book, painting, piece of music, movie, 代表作
etc., by a particular person
understand
10 amend v. to change and improve (something, such as a 修订(法律文
mistake or bad situation) 件、声明等)
11 v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好而）
something) 超过
eclipse
n. a loss of power, success, popularity, etc. （重要性、权势
等的）丧失
12 unrivaled a. better than anyone or anything else 无敌的
controversy
14 unsurpassed a. better or greater than anyone or anything else 出类拔萃的
15 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通
exceptional 的
16 reluctant a. feeling or showing doubt about doing 不情愿的
something: not willing or eager to do something
17 offend v. to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry, 冒犯
or upset by something said or done
18 unparalleled a. not found elsewhere: never seen or 空前的
experienced before
19 demur v. to disagree politely with another person's 反对
statement or suggestion
20 approve v. to officially accept (an idea, action, plan, etc.) 同意
21 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to happen 默许
by staying silent or by not arguing
22 crumble v. to break down completely: to stop functioning 消亡
23 transmission a. the act or process by which something is 传达
spread or passed from one person or thing to
another
24 immortality n. the quality or state of someone or something 永生

that will never die or be forgotten: the quality or
state of being immortal
26 versatile a. able to do many different things; having many 多才多艺的;多
different uses 功能的
27 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中立
28 hostility n. an unfriendly or hostile state, attitude, or action 敌意
29 animus n. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred 敌意
31 tantalize v. to cause (someone) to feel interest or 使(某人)想要却
excitement about something that is very 得不到(某物);逗
attractive, appealing, etc. 引;挑逗
32 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 尖锐的;有效的
without energy or enthusiasm because of habit or
because it is expected
35 cursory a. done or made quickly 粗略的;仓促的
36 morality n. beliefs about what is right behavior and what is 道德
wrong behavior
37 reciprocity n. a situation or relationship in which two people 互惠;互助
or groups agree to do something similar for each
other, to allow each other to have the same rights,
etc.: a reciprocal arrangement or relationship
criticize and laugh at someone or something in an
insulting way
39 resentment n. a feeling of anger or displeasure about 怨恨
someone or something unfair
40 dismissal n. the act of dismissing: the fact or state of being 不予考虑, 摒弃
dismissed
43 universality n. the quality of being universal 通用性
Section 68
1 cordial a. politely pleasant and friendly 友好的
2 heretofore adv. until this time: before now 迄今
4 pertinent a. relating to the thing that is being thought 有关的
about or discussed
5 nostalgia n. pleasure and sadness that is caused by 怀旧
remembering something from the past and
wishing that you could experience it again
n. the state of being homesick: homesickness 思乡
6 a. a similar action or event that happened at an 在先的
precedent earlier time
7 triviality n. something that is not important 无足轻重
something
10 vengeful a. feeling or showing a desire to harm 复仇的
someone who has harmed you : feeling or
showing a desire for vengeance
12 otherwise adv. in a different way or 在其他方面;
manner; in other respects 以其他方式
13 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分的
14 snappish a. feeling or showing irritation (说话的方式)
恶狠狠的
15 tyrant n. a ruler who has complete power over a 暴虐的统治者
country and who is cruel and unfair
16 cur n. a dog that is a mix of different breeds: a low, 恶狗
bad, or disliked dog
17 umbrage n. a feeling of being offended by what 生气
someone has said or done
18 expiation n. the act of making atonement 赎罪
19 torpor n. a state of not being active and having very 麻木;迟钝
little energy
23 virtuosity n. great ability or skill shown by a musician, 精湛演技
performer, etc.
24 inversion n. a change in the position, order, or 倒置；颠倒
relationship of things so that they are the
opposite of what they had been

action
26 intermediary n. a person who works with opposing sides in 中间人;调解人
an argument or dispute in order to bring about
an agreement
27 elite n. the people who have the most wealth and 精英
status in a society: the most successful or
powerful group of people
29 cordiality n. sincere affection and kindness 友好
31 conviviality n. the quality of or relating to social events 友好
where people can eat, drink, and talk in a
friendly way with others
32 diffidence n. the quality or state of being unassertive or 羞怯
bashful
33 exasperation n. exasperation 恼怒
Section 69
号
1 parallel n. something that is equal or similar 相似特征
2 collaborate v. to work with another person or group in 合作

order to achieve or do something
3 hackneyed a. not fresh or original 陈腐的
4 contradictory a. involving or having information that 矛盾的

disagrees with other information
5 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is 怪异的
surprising or difficult to understand
6 yardstick n. a rule or specific idea about what is (好坏或成败的)
acceptable or desirable that is used to judge 衡量标准
or measure something
7 accessible a. capable of being understood or 容易理解的
appreciated
9 pragmatic a. dealing with the problems that exist in a 实际的
specific situation in a reasonable and logical
way instead of depending on ideas and
theories
10 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或经
验的
11 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being 范例的
a pattern to be imitated
12 dictate v. to say or state (something) with authority 规定
or power
13 anthropomorphism n. an interpretation of what is not human or 拟人论
personal in terms of human or personal
characteristics : HUMANIZATION
14 transgress v. to do something that is not allowed: to 违背(道德)
disobey a command or law
worse
16 quantify v. to find or calculate the quantity or amount 可量化
of (something)
17 odds n. the possibility that something will (事物发生的)可
happen: the chance that one thing will 能性
happen instead of a different thing
18 peripheral a. not relating to the main or most important 次要的
part
19 privileged a. having special rights or advantages that 受特别优待的
most people do not have
right
21 disproportionate a. having or showing a difference that is not 太大(或太小)的
fair, reasonable, or expected: too large or too
small in relation to something
22 rehash v. to present or use again in another form (稍微改动)重新
without substantial change or improvement 推出
23 patriotic a. having or showing great love and support 爱国的

for your country: having or showing
patriotism
24 wrap v. to cover (something) by winding or folding 包，裹(礼物等)
a piece of material around it
25 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive 巨大的数量(或
because it is so big or because it includes so 收藏品)
27 authentic a. true and accurate 真实
28 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or 杰出人物
herself as a member of a socially elite group
29 scrutiny n. the act of carefully examining something 仔细检查
especially in a critical way: the act of
scrutinizing something
30 censure v. to officially criticize (someone or 谴责
something) strongly and publicly
31 meld v. merge, blend 合并
33 petty a. not very important or serious 次要的
34 fleeting a. not lasting: lasting for only a short time 短暂的
35 encyclopedic a. dealing with or knowing a subject 学识渊博的
thoroughly or completely
36 incongruous a. strange because of not agreeing with what 不相称的
is usual or expected
37 polymath n. someone who knows a lot about many 博学
different things
38 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as 前提
being true and that is used as the basis of an
argument
40 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注
目的
41 impressive a. deserving attention, admiration, or 令人赞叹的
respect: making a good impression
42 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very 高度评价
strong and enthusiastic way
43 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
etc.
44 versatile a. able to do many different things; having 多才多艺的;多
many different uses 功能的
45 eclipse v. to do or be much better than (someone or （做的更好
something) 而）超过
46 outdo v. to do better than (someone or 胜过
something): to be more successful than
47 ﬁxed / 固定的
49 healthy a. PROSPEROUS, FLOURISHING 运作良好的

50 stingy a. not liking or wanting to give or spend 吝啬的
money : not generous
51 parsimonious a. very unwilling to spend money 吝啬的
Section 70
1 dour a. serious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy 冷冰冰的
2 charm n. a quality that causes someone or something 魅力
to be very likeable: an attractive quality
3 forbearing a. to control oneself when provoked: be patient 宽容的
5 felicitous a. very well suited for some purpose or 贴切的
situation
6 astringent a. very critical in a sharp and often clever way 尖刻的;辛辣
的
7 hyperbolic a. of, relating to, or marked by language that 夸张的
exaggerates or overstates the truth : of, relating
to, or marked by hyperbole
8 camouﬂage v. to hide (something) by covering it up or 伪装
making it harder to see
10 plastic a. capable of being made into different shapes 可塑的
12 singular a. strange or odd 奇特的
13 imitable a. capable or worthy of being imitated or copied 可（值得）模
仿的
15 articulate v. to give clear and effective utterance to 清楚说明
16 founder v. to experience failure : to be unsuccessful 失败;破产
18 exculpatory v. tending or serving to exculpate 开脱罪责的
19 flippant a. lacking proper respect or seriousness 轻率的
care
23 uncritical a. not expressing or willing to express 不加批判的
appropriate criticism or disapproval: not critical
26 blunted a. saying or expressing something in a very 直言不讳的
direct way that may upset some people
27 unkempt a. not neat or orderly: messy or untidy 不修边幅的
28 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄
speech 的
29 commute v. to travel regularly to and from a place and 上下班往返
especially between where you live and where
you work
30 affliction n. something (such as a disease) that causes 痛苦
pain or suffering
31 chronic a. continuing for a long time or returning often 长期的;慢性

的
32 testimony n. a statement made by a witness under oath 证词
especially in a court
33 pour out / 倾吐，倾诉
34 divulge v. to make (information) known: to give 透露(秘密)
(information) to someone
35 intimate a. having a very close relationship: very warm 亲密的
and friendly
36 grumble v. to complain quietly about something: to talk 发牢骚
in an unhappy way
37 commiserate v. to express sadness or sympathy for 怜悯
someone who has experienced something
unpleasant
38 gloat v. to show in an improper or selfish way that 幸灾乐祸
you are happy with your own success or
another person's failure
39 inattentive a. not attentive: not paying attention 不注意的
42 fluster v. to make (someone) nervous and confused 使慌乱
43 hindsight n. the knowledge and understanding that you 事后的领悟
have about an event only after it has happened
44 salient a. very important or noticeable 显著的，重要
的
45 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普
exceptional 通的
47 suggestive a . giving a hint 暗示的
48 nondescript a. not easily described: having no special or 无明显特征的
interesting qualities, parts, etc. : typical and
uninteresting
49 innumerable a. too many to be counted: very many 多得数不清的
50 at odds with / 与……不一致
52 flummox v. confuse 使困惑
53 hearten v. to cause (someone) to feel more cheerful or 激励
hopeful
something)
55 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or 等同于
effect
56 synonymous a. having the same meaning 同义的
57 implicate v. to show that someone or something is 牵涉
closely connected to or involved in something
(such as a crime)
58 subservient a. very willing or too willing to obey someone 恭顺的
else

a. difficult to understand: likely to be 深奥难懂的
understood by only a few people
with certainty
Section 71
1 obtrusive a. noticeable in an unpleasant or annoying way 显眼的
4 adroit a. very clever or skillful (尤指待人
接物)精明
的
7 ideology n. the set of ideas and beliefs of a group or 思想意识
political party
8 demarcation n. the marking of the limits or boundaries of 划分
something
9 episode n. an event or a short period of time that is 片段
important or unusual
10 reminiscence n. a story that someone tells about something that 回忆录
happened in the past
11 wistful a. having or showing sad thoughts and feelings 伤感的
about something that you want to have or do and
especially about something that made you happy
in the past
12 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about your own 自私的
needs and interests
13 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not 反复无常的
serious
14 ungracious a. not polite or respectful : not gracious 粗鲁的
15 valedictory n. a speech that expresses good wishes for 欢送
someone who is leaving : the act of saying
goodbye in a formal way
16 imposition n. the act of establishing or creating something in 实施
an official way : the act of imposing something
17 undue a. more than is reasonable or necessary 不适当的
18 infringement n. a failure to uphold the requirements of law, 侵犯
duty, or obligation
19 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 不妥协的
20 comportment n. the way in which sb/sth behaves 行为;举止
21 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, etc.) worse 使恶化
22 temper v. to make (something) less severe or extreme 使缓和
26 estrange v. to cause someone to be no longer involved or 疏远
connected with something

28 devastating a. causing great damage or harm 毁灭性的
29 avidity n. a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with 欲望
something
30 impotence n. the quality or state of lacking power or strength 无能力
31 resignation n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going 顺从
to happen and cannot be changed
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal 辞职
or official way
32 rote n. the act of repeating over and over often 生搬硬套
without attention to meaning
33 covet v. to want (something that you do not have) very 渴望
much
36 lucrative a. producing money or wealth 获利丰厚的
37 enviable a . causing envy : very desirable 令人羡慕的
38 scrutiny n. the act of carefully examining something 仔细的观察
especially in a critical way
39 spurious 伪造的
conjecture
44 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有
害的
or healthy again
46 tonic a. increasing or restoring physical or mental tone 恢复健康的
Section 72
号
1 garb n. a particular style or type of clothing 服装
2 upbeat a. positive and cheerful : happy and hopeful 乐观
3 melancholic a. very sad 忧郁的
4 wearisome a. causing you to feel bored, annoyed, or impatient 乏味的
5 salacious a. formal + disapproving: relating to sex in a way 淫秽的;色
that is excessive or offensive 情的
6 aghast a. struck with terror, amazement, or horror : 惊恐
shocked and upset
7 urbane a. notably polite or polished in manner 温文儒雅的
8 resort v. to seek aid, relief, or advantage 求助
9 tissue n. a piece of soft and very thin paper that is used 手巾纸
especially for cleaning
10 proficient a. good at doing something 精通的
11 feasible a. possible to do 可行的
12 sedition n. the crime of saying, writing, or doing something 煽动反政府
that encourages people to disobey their
government
13 maudlin a. showing or expressing too much emotion 伤感的
especially in a foolish or annoying way
14 accommodating a. willing to do what someone else wants or 乐于助人的
requests
15 demeanor n. a person's appearance and behavior : the way 行为
someone seems to be to other people
16 odious a. causing hatred or strong dislike 令人讨厌的
17 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and high regard 恭敬的
due a superior or an elder
22 unflappable a. not easily upset : unusually calm in difficult 冷静的
situations
23 supercilious a. having or showing the proud and unpleasant 傲慢的
attitude of people who think that they are better or
more important than other people
25 demolish v. to destroy (a building, bridge, etc.) : to forcefully 破坏;推翻
tear down or take apart (a structure)
26 reveal v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or 揭示
generally known
27 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or something) 使混淆
28 puncture v. to weaken, damage, or destroy (something, such 削弱
as an argument or a person's feelings, pride, etc.)
suddenly or in a way that causes surprise or

embarrassment
30 ancillary a. providing something additional to a main part or 辅助的
function
32 precedent n. a similar action or event that happened at an 先前出现的
earlier time 事例
33 stifle v. to stop (someone) from doing or expressing 阻止
something
34 disregard v. /n. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视，轻视
unimportant
35 opprobrium n. very strong disapproval or criticism of a person 谴责
or thing especially by a large number of people
36 vituperation n. harsh and angry criticism 辱骂
37 dismissal n. the act of dismissing: the fact or state of being 不予考虑,
dismissed 摒弃
38 approbation n. praise or approval 认可
39 adulation n. excessive or slavish admiration or flattery 奉承
40 veneration n. a feeling of deep respect 尊敬
41 lucubration n. laborious or intensive study 刻苦钻研
42 reverence n. honor or respect that is felt for or shown to 崇敬
43 disdain v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone or 鄙视
something)
45 refuge n. shelter or protection from danger or trouble 庇护
47 culprit n. a person who has committed a crime or done 引起问题的
something wrong 事物
48 recipe n. a way of doing something that will produce a 方法
particular result
Section 73
号
1 amoral a. being outside or beyond the moral order or a 不遵守道德
particular code of morals 准则的
3 exemplary a. extremely good and deserving to be admired 典范的
and copied
4 progressive a. moving forward 进步的
5 motley a. made up of many different people or things 混杂的
9 monolithic a. consisting of or constituting a single unit 单一的
10 indulgence n. the behavior or attitude of people who allow 沉溺
themselves to do what they want or who allow
other people to do what they want
with certainty
12 buttress v. to support, strengthen, or defend (something) 支持
13 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) completely 击败
14 ostensible a. seeming or said to be true or real but very 表面上的
possibly not true or real
15 distract v. to take (attention) away from someone or 转移(注意力)
something
误
17 lapse n. a slight error usually caused by lack of attention (忘记或没注
or forgetfulness 意所导致的)
小错误
18 utopia n. an imaginary place in which the government, 空想的完美
laws, and social conditions are perfect 境界
19 impermanent a. not lasting forever : not permanent 短暂的
20 contingent a. depending on something else that might or 依情况而定
might not happen 的
21 alarming a. causing people to feel danger or alarm or to be 使人惊恐的
worried or frightened
22 circumstantial n. providing or including the details of a particular 视情况而定
situation or event 的
23 proliferate v. to increase in number or amount quickly 迅速繁殖(或

增殖)
24 eclectic a. including things taken from many different 兼收并蓄的
sources
26 spurious a. not genuine, sincere, or authentic 伪造的
28 preponderance n. a greater amount or number of something 多数
29 annihilate v. to destroy (something or someone) completely 歼灭
30 nebulous a. not clear: difficult to see, understand, describe, 模糊的
etc.
32 per capita / 人均的
34 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 波动
Section 74
号
1 disregard a. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视
unimportant
2 bemoan v. to say that you are unhappy about (something) : 悲叹
to complain about (something)
important
4 hubris n. a great or foolish amount of pride or confidence 傲慢;狂妄
5 propriety n. behavior that is accepted as socially or morally 得体的举止
correct and proper
6 prescience n. the ability to know what will or might happen in 先见之明
the future
8 worship n. deep respect toward God, a god, or a sacred (对上帝或神
object 的)崇拜
9 disinclination n. a feeling of not wanting to do something : a 不情愿
tendency to avoid a particular activity
10 incredulous a. not able or willing to believe something : feeling 不能相信的
or showing a lack of belief
decisions
12 callow a. used to describe a young person who does not 幼稚无经验
have much experience and does not know how to 的
behave the way adults behave
13 nimble a. able to move quickly, easily, and lightly 灵活的
14 deadpan a. showing no feeling or emotion (开玩笑或作
弄人时）故
意板着脸
的，一脸严
肃的
15 plod v. to work laboriously and monotonously (费力单调地)
工作
16 definitive a. not able to be argued about or changed : final 最后的
and settled
17 sobering a. making you feel serious and thoughtful 使人冷静的
服从
19 rote n. the act of repeating over and over often without 死记硬背，
attention to meaning 生搬硬套
considered wrong)
22 trajectory n. the curved path along which something (such as 轨迹
a rocket) moves through the air or through space

25 nuanced a. subtle and often appealingly complex qualities, 有细微差别
aspects, or distinctions (as in character or tone) 的
32 morph v. to change gradually and completely from one (使)变化
thing into another thing usually in a way that is
surprising or that seems magical
33 dwindle v. to gradually become smaller (逐渐)减少
n. a legal agreement between people, companies, 合同
etc.
v. to become affected with 感染
moral character
36 unimpeachable a. very reliable and trusted: not able to be doubted 无可指责的
or questioned
Section 75
序
单词英文解释中文解释
号
2 predicament n. a difficult or unpleasant situation 窘境
v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化
3 compound problem) worse : to add to (something bad)
a/n. made up of two or more parts 混合(的)
4 vexation n. something that worries or annoys you 烦恼
v. to portray (someone or something) as evil or 将…妖魔化
5 demonize
as worthy of contempt or blame: vilify
6 moderate a. calm, temperate 不激烈的;适度的
7 genteel a. having an elegant, tasteful, or polite quality 显得彬彬有礼的
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than 世俗的;平凡的
8 mundane
to spiritual things
a. showing strong and often angry feelings: (感情)强烈的
10 vehement
very emotional
a. attractive and interesting in a way that holds 迷人的
11 captivating
your attention
a. capable of being passed to someone else by 传染性的
12 infectious
germs that enter the body
a. causing no injury 无害的
13 innocuous
a. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to 吹毛求疵的
14 captious
stress faults and raise objections
v. to make (someone) pleased and satisfied : 满意
15 content
to make (someone) content
a. having a strong belief in perfect standards 理想的
16 idealistic and trying to achieve them, even when this is
not realistic
a. to cause (someone) to feel less angry about 安抚的
17 placatory
something
a/n. something that reduces the effects or 治标(不治本)药
18 palliative symptoms of a medical condition without 物;缓解剂
curing it
20 peer
n. a person who belongs to the same age 同辈
group or social group as someone else
n. a small group of people who spend time 小集团
21 cliquish together and who are not friendly to other
people
n. a withdrawing or separation of a person or a 疏远
22 alienation person's affections from an object or position of
former attachment
n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物的）
23 cluster together 群，团，组
n. a person who is or regards himself or herself 杰出人物
24 elicit
n. a feeling of unity between people who have 团结;齐心协力
25 solidarity
the same interests, goals, etc.
n. a feeling of good friendship among the 友情

26 camaraderie
people in a group
27 obedience n. the act of obeying : willingness to obey 顺从
n. a system in which people or things are 等级制度
28 hierarchy placed in a series of levels with different
importance or status
v. to cause (someone) to be confused and 使困惑
29 bemuse
often also somewhat amused
v. to happen at the same time as something 同时发生
else
31 coincide
a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏见
33 dispassionate involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 的
35 obtrusive a. noticeable in an unpleasant or annoying way 显眼的
v. to get (something, such as a settlement or 调解；为解决分
37 mediate agreement) by working with opposing sides in 歧找到(方法)
a dispute
Section 76
号
n. a young person who is unusually talented in (年轻的)天才
1 prodigy
some way
n. someone who knows a lot about many different 博学
2 polymath
things
n. a person who has just started learning or doing 新手
3 tyro
something : a beginner or novice
n. the amount of money that a player must bet at 赌注
4 ante
the beginning of play in a poker game
n. a person who is guided by materialism and is 庸俗；对文化
5 philistine usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values 艺术无知的人
a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
6 extraneous important 的;
v. to make (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many 传播
9 promulgate
people
v. to organize (things) so that the most important 划分优先顺序
10 prioritize
thing is done or dealt with first
n. unlimited power over a country 主权;最高统治
11 sovereignty
权
12 genealogy n. the study of family history 家谱学
v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as 使从属于
13 subordinate
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or 从属的;下级的
position
14 analogous a. similar in some way 类似的
15 slacken v. to become slower or less active : to slow down (使)放慢
v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善
18 ameliorate
less painful, etc.
20 overwhelming a. very great in number, effect, or force 压倒性的
a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不足
21 meager happiness 的
a. very small or too small in amount; having little 微小的;不重要
22 paltry meaning, importance, or worth 的
v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
23 belie v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错误
v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult situation) 克服
24 surmount
successfully
v. to get secure usually lasting possession or 获得
25 secure control of
adj. protected from danger or harm 安全的
a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or 空洞无物的

26 vacuous serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
substance
27 mirthful a. arousing or provoking laughter 愉快的
28 gloomy a. sad or depressed 令人沮丧的;
29 jovial a. full of happiness and joy 快乐的
30 premium
n. the price of insurance : the amount paid for 保险费
insurance
31 purity n. the quality or state of being pure 纯净;纯粹
v. to produce or provide (something, such as a 产出
32 yield plant or crop)
33 provenance n. the origin or source of something 起源
Section 77
序
号
a. using words that mean the opposite of what 讽刺的
1 ironic
a. dealing with or describing something 简化的
2 reductive
complicated in a simple or too simple way
5 approbation n. praise or approval 赞赏
6 deterioration n. the act or process of becoming worse 恶化
v. to operate, use, or move with the hands or by 处理
7 manipulate
mechanical means
a. a regular way of doing things in a particular 例行的;日常的
9 routine
order
10 juvenile a. unpleasantly childish 未成年的;幼稚的;
n. something (such as a situation) that is made 悖论
11 paradox up of two opposite things and that seems
13 instinctive
a. based on feelings or desires that do not come 生来的;本能的
from thinking or learning
v. gained by or as a result of effort or experience （尤指靠自己的
14 acquire 努力或行动）获
得的
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的
15 mundane
spiritual things
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信
16 undermine less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
v. to give up the use or enjoyment of 放弃（想做的事
17 forgo (something) 或想得之物）
v. to cause (something or someone) to seem 使黯然失色；掩
19 overshadow less important or impressive when compared to 盖
something or someone else
v. to use (something) for a different purpose (以新的方式或目
20 redirect
的)重新使用
a. not well-known: not known to most people 不出名的
21 obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or 减少，减轻
23 mitigate
painful
24 abate v. to become weaker : to decrease in strength (使)减弱
a. making it easy, possible, or likely for 有助于…的

25 conducive
something to happen or exist
26 hinder
v. to make (something, such as a task or action) 妨碍
slow or difficult
v. to destroy much or most of (something) : to 毁灭
27 devastate
cause great damage or harm to (something)

a. not natural or real : made, produced, or done 人造的；非自然
30 artificial to seem like something natural 的
a. not sincere 假的
31 spurious
a. not genuine, sincere, or authentic 虚假的
a. very obvious and sharp : free from doubt or 明显的

32 clear-cut
uncertainty : very definite
Section 78
序
号
a. used to describe someone who allows things to 消极的;被动的
2 passive happen or who accepts what other people do or
decide without trying to change anything
3 kinetic a. of or relating to the movement of physical objects 运动的
4 mindset n. a mental attitude or inclination 观念模式
a. having or showing an attitude of someone who 言辞浮夸的
5 pompous
thinks he or she is better than other people
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的
7 mundane
spiritual things
8 coverage
n. the activity of reporting about an event or subject 新闻报道
in newspapers, on television news programs, etc.
a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or 公正的
9 disinterested concerns
a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular or 偶尔发生的
10 sporadic
random instances
11 assorted a. including several kinds 混杂的
a. not interesting or unusual 乏味的，无聊
12 pedestrian
的
a. done or made in a gradual way in a series of 逐渐做成(或发
13 piecemeal separate steps 生)的
14 salubrious a. making good health possible or likely 有益健康的
a. lacking in originality: TRITE 陈腐的，无聊
15 bromidic
的
16 mobilize v. to bring (people) together for action 鼓动
v. to seriously or continually try to do (something) 尝试
17 endeavor
v. to continue for a long time without activity or 衰败
18 languish
v. to grow or develop successfully : to flourish or 兴旺发达;繁荣
21 thrive
succeed
n. the state of being related to the people in your 亲属关系
22 kinship
family
v. to be a sign of (something) : to mean 说明;预示
23 signify
(something)
24 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or something) too low 过低评价
26 exaggerate
v. to think of or describe something as larger or 夸大
n. bad or immoral behavior or habits 恶行;不道德行
27 vice
为
28 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely honest 诚实
29 dissemble v. to hide your true feelings, opinions, etc. 伪装

30 rectitude n. the quality of being honest and morally correct 公正;正直
a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
31 ingenuous candidness
n. dishonest behavior that is meant to trick 奸诈(行为)
32 duplicity
someone
33 for all / 尽管
n. lack of agreement or harmony: the state or an 不一致
34 discordance
instance of being discordant
n. something (such as a belief, opinion, or idea) 争执;争论
35 contention
that is argued or stated
36 quackery n. the practices or pretensions of a quack 骗人的医术
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person of giving 任人唯亲
37 nepotism
jobs and other favors to relatives
38 indecision n. difficulty in making a decision 优柔寡断
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person (such as 任人唯亲
39 cronyism a politician) of giving jobs and other favors to
friends
40 per capita / 人均
distortion n. the act of twisting out of shape or making 扭曲
41
inaccurate
43 fluctuate v. to change level, strength, or value frequently 动摇不定
44 variance n. an amount of difference or change 不一致
45 vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, indecision 犹豫不决
Section 79
号
1 kindred n. a person's relatives 亲属
2 perfidious a. not able to be trusted: showing that someone 背叛的;不忠
cannot be trusted 的
3 peregrinate v. to travel especially on foot: WALK (尤指漫长而
缓慢的)旅程
4 jubilation n. great happiness or joy 欢欣鼓舞
5 sagacious a. having or showing an ability to understand difficult 洞察事理的
ideas and situations and to make good decisions
7 peccadillo n. a small mistake or fault that is not regarded as 轻罪
very bad or serious
painful
9 violate v. to do something that is not allowed by (a law, rule, 违反
etc.)
10 reparation n. money that a country or group that loses a war (战败国的)赔
pays because of the damage, injury, deaths, etc., it 款
has caused
11 pretext n. a reason that you give to hide your real reason for 借口;托词
doing something
something
13 personable a. friendly or pleasant in manner : easy to get along 品貌兼优;英
with 俊潇洒
16 obdurate a. refusing to do what other people want: not willing 顽固的
to change your opinion or the way you do something
17 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very stubborn 坚持的，不
妥协的
18 founder v. to experience failure: to be unsuccessful 失败
19 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱
effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
威等）
20 bear out / 证实
supporting or believing what most people think is
true
22 striking a. very attractive especially in an unusual or 引人注目的
interesting way
23 yield v. to produce or provide (something, such as a plant 产出
or crop)
24 bereft a. sad because a family member or friend has died 失去(某物)
25 exuberant n. very lively, happy, or energetic: filled with energy 热情洋溢的
and enthusiasm
26 emphatic a. said or done in a forceful or definite way 强调的

27 detestation n. extreme hatred or dislike: abhorrence, loathing 憎恶
28 abhorrent a. causing or deserving strong dislike 令人憎恨的
29 oscillate v. to swing or move back and forth between two 摇摆，变化
points
30 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent : 肤浅的
31 quintessential a. perfectly typical or representative of a particular 典型的
kind of person or thing
something)
33 impermanent a. not lasting forever: not permanent 短暂的
34 eternal a. having no beginning and no end in time : lasting 永久的
forever
36 profundity n. the quality of being very strongly felt 深刻性
37 concise a. using few words: not including extra or 简明的
unnecessary information
39 succinct a. using few words to state or express an idea 简明的
equally
41 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble (尤指对被自
己击败或曾
欺凌过自己
的人的)宽宏
大量
42 perspicacity n. having or showing an ability to notice and 敏锐的洞察
understand things that are difficult or not obvious 力
43 detachment n. freedom from bias or prejudice 公正;客观
44 benevolence n. an act of kindness 善行;捐助
45 discernment n. an act of perceiving or discerning something 洞察力
n. an action that is taken or an order that is given to 制裁
force a country to obey international laws by limiting
or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing
economic aid for that country, etc.
n. official permission or approval 支持
47 reprehend v. to voice disapproval of: censure 谴责
49 censure n. official strong criticism 责备
sufficient evidence
Section 80
号
1 impassioned a. showing or feeling very strong emotions 热情的
2 anything but / 绝对不是
4 privilege n. a right or benefit that is given to some people and 优惠待遇
not to others
5 zealous a. feeling or showing strong and energetic support 热情的
for a person, cause, etc.: filled with zeal
6 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无
兴趣的
something
9 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of interest in 昏睡的
doing things
10 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自发的
11 derision n. the feeling that people express when they criticize 嘲弄
and laugh at someone or something in an insulting
way
criticized, etc.
15 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc., for all people 平等主义的
17 stagnate v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: to 停滞
be or become stagnant
18 flourish n/v. a period of thriving 繁荣;昌盛
19 insulate v. to prevent (someone or something) from dealing 将…隔离
with or experiencing something : to keep (someone (以免受外
or something) separate from something unpleasant, 界影响)
dangerous, etc.
20 intuitive a. having the ability to know or understand things 凭直觉获知
without any proof or evidence: having or 的
21 alien a. not familiar or like other things you have known 陌生的
something)
23 verisimilitude n. the quality of seeming real 真实性
24 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional or 标新立异
ordinary
25 objectivity v. based on facts rather than feelings or opinions 客观公正
27 preside v. to be in charge of something (such as a trial) 主持(会

议、仪式
等)
29 autism / 孤独症
30 epidemiological a. a branch of medical science that deals with the 流行病学的
incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a
population
31 rally v. to bring or come together for a common purposes 一致支持；
团结起来
32 disgrace v. to cause (someone) to feel ashamed 不光彩
33 retract v. to pull (something) back into something larger that 撤回
usually covers it
34 amenable a. willing to agree or to accept something that is 顺从的
wanted or asked for
35 susceptible a. easily affected, influenced, or harmed by 易受…影响
something 的
36 resuscitate v. to bring (someone who is unconscious, not 使苏醒
breathing, or close to death) back to a conscious or
active state again
37 upend v. to cause (something) to be upside down: to turn 使颠倒
(something) over
38 indignant a. feeling or showing anger because of something 愤怒的
that is unfair or wrong: very angry
39 phlegmatic a. not easily upset, excited, or angered 冷静的
40 self-interest a. concern only for getting what you want or need 自私自利
and not about what happens to other people
42 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble (尤指对被
自己击败或
曾欺凌过自
己的人的)
宽宏大量
43 opportunism n. the art, policy, or practice of taking advantage of 机会主义
opportunities or circumstances often with little regard
for principles or consequences
n. lack of interest 冷漠
44 disinterest n. the quality or state of not being influenced by 客观
personal feelings, opinions, or concerns
45 resonate v. to have particular meaning or importance for 有特殊意义
someone
v. to relate harmoniously 一致
46 divert v. to give pleasure to: amuse 娱乐
v. to change the direction or use of (something) 使转向
47 ring true / 听起来真实
48 fall short / 缺乏;不足
50 sound a. in good health 健全的

a. free from mistakes 合理的,正
确的
51 unassailable a. not able to be doubted, attacked, or questioned 不容置疑的
52 prominent a. important and well-known 著名的;杰
出的
conjecture
Section 81
序
号
v. to cause people or groups to become friendly 使和解
1 reconcile
again after an argument or disagreement
a. very new and different from what is traditional 标新立异
2 radical or ordinary
v. to change (something) completely in order to 检修;大修;改
3 overhaul improve it 造
n. an instance of overhauling
n. a publicly stated opinion (公开表明的)
4 stance
态度
a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
5 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or
a. actual, real, or true : not false or fake; sincere 真正的;真诚的
7 genuine
and honest
8 wholesale a. affecting large numbers of people or things 大规模的
n. nonsense, especially praise that is silly or not 无聊(或虚假)
10 flummery sincere 的恭维话
n. a person who is very enthusiastic about 极端分子;狂热
11 fanatic something 信徒
a. happening because of a coincidence : not 巧合;碰巧
12 coincidental
planned
13 not least / 尤其是
a. something (such as a word, an object, or an 时代错误的
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it
14 anachronistic does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to the 过去的
past and not to fit in the present
a. containing a mistake : not true or accurate 谬误的
15 fallacious
a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见的，
16 dogmatic they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted 教条的
n. a person or organization that has been given (财产的)受托
17 trustee responsibility for managing someone else's 人
property or money through a trust
n. a situation in which no progress seems 僵局;绝境
18 impasse
possible
a. not done or experienced before 空前的;没有先
19 unprecedented
例的
20 undermine less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
22 fuel v. SUPPORT, STIMULATE 加强；刺激
a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 多年生的; 持

23 perennial long time 续的
24 quotidian a. ordinary or very common 普通的
n. a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in 悲观
25 pessimism
the future
a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
26 didactic
something
a. including things taken from many different 兼收并蓄的
27 eclectic
sources
v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
28 dismiss
v. to express approval of or support for 称赞;赞许
29 applaud
v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
30 underestimate
v. to use (something) in a foolish or wasteful way 挥霍(金钱、时
31 squander
间等)
n. a feeling or state of nervousness or excitement (对即将发生的
32 suspense caused by wondering what will happen 事等的)担心;
焦虑
n. the unpleasant quality of people who think of 虚饰;虚夸
33 pretension themselves as more impressive, successful, or
important than they really are
a. deserving or causing feelings of pity or 令人同情的;可
34 pitiful sympathy 怜的
v. to make (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many 传播
35 promulgate
people
v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实
36 corroborate
37 defer v. to put off to a future time : POSTPONE 推迟;延缓
v. to secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, 颠覆，破坏
38 subvert
v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿
39 relinquish such as power, control, or possession) to another 地)放弃
person or group
40 temper
v. to change or adjust (something) so that it exists 调整;调节
41 modulate
in a balanced or proper amount
v. to make small changes to (something) in order 对…微调
42 fine-tune to improve the way it works or to make it exactly
right
a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异乎寻
43 eccentric
常的
a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不足
44 meager happiness 的
a. having a good or helpful result especially after 有益的
45 salutary
v. to make (something) illegal : to not allow 禁止
46 proscribe
(something)
a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的, 要求

47 exacting someone : very difficult or demanding 严格的
a. causing wonder and admiration : very 壮丽的;令人惊
48 spectacular impressive 叹的
n. a confusing collection or mixture of things (such 迷宫;纷繁复杂
49 maze as rules) 的规则
v. to get (a response, information, etc.) from 引出
50 elicit
someone
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂的
52 intricate
elements
Section 82
号
1 inflate v. to think or say that (something) is larger or more 夸张;夸大
important than it really is
2 self-evident a. clearly true and requiring no proof or explanation 显而易见的;
明摆着的
3 static a. showing little or no change, action, or progress 静止的
5 premise n. a statement or idea that is accepted as being 前提
true and that is used as the basis of an argument
6 revenue n. money that is made by or paid to a business or 收益
an organization
7 uneasy a. worried or unhappy about something 不稳定的
8 bludgeon v. to use arguments or threats to force (someone) 迫使
to do something
9 opinionated a. expressing strong beliefs or judgments about 固执己见的;
something : having or showing strong opinions 顽固的
10 profligate a. carelessly and foolishly wasting money, 挥霍的;浪费
materials, etc. : very wasteful 的
11 vacuous a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or 空洞无物的
serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
substance
12 rigorous a. very strict and demanding 缜密的
14 elitist n. a person who is or regards himself or herself as 杰出人物
a member of a socially elite group
15 comprehensible a. able to be understood 可理解的;能
懂的
17 escalate v. to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, 使逐步上升
intensity, or scope
19 prudent a. having or showing careful good judgment 谨慎的;慎重
的
20 mawkish a. sad or romantic in a foolish or exaggerated way 易伤感的
21 brag v. to talk about yourself, your achievements, your 吹嘘;自吹自
family, etc., in a way that shows too much pride 擂
23 impugn v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀
attack as false or lacking integrity 疑;置疑
24 tout v. to talk about (something or someone) as being 吹捧
very good, effective, skillful, etc.
25 assertory a. assertoric, assertive 断言的
26 stridency a. the quality or state of being strident 强硬;激烈;咄
咄逼人
27 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people 华而不实的
and that may not be honest or reasonable 言语
28 metamorphose v. to change in an important and obvious way into (使)变形，变

something that is very different : to undergo 化
metamorphosis
29 gild v. to cover (something) with a thin layer of gold 给…镀金
30 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in size, 衰落;衰败
amount, length, or quality
31 palliate v. to make the effects of (something, such as an 减轻，缓和
illness) less painful, harmful, or harsh (疾病或不适)
32 succor n. something that you do or give to help someone 援助;救助
who is suffering or in a difficult situation
33 damp v. to make (something) somewhat or slightly wet 潮湿
34 colorful a. of speech : RUDE, OFFENSIVE （言语）粗
鲁无理的
35 tart a. having an unkind quality 尖酸的;刻薄
的
36 juxtapose v. to place (different things) together in order to (形成反差的
create an interesting effect or to show how they are 物体、形象
the same or different 或想法的)并
置
37 effusive a. expressing a lot of emotion 感情过分流
露的
39 lyrical a. having an artistically beautiful or expressive 抒情的
quality
40 striking a. very attractive especially in an unusual or 引人注目的
interesting way
41 detract v. to diminish the importance, value, or 诋毁
effectiveness of something —often used with from
42 rabid a. having or expressing a very extreme opinion 疯狂的;激烈
about or interest in something 的
43 meet a. precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, 合适的
or circumstance : very proper
45 clement a. not too hot or too cold 温暖的
a. inclined to be merciful (对受惩罚的
人)仁慈的
46 delimit v. to officially set or state the limits of (something) 定…的界限
47 condign a. appropriate 适当的
48 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, or effect 等同于
49 merciful a. treating people with kindness and forgiveness : 仁慈的
not cruel or harsh : having or showing mercy
each other
Section 83
号
1 litigate v. to make (something) the subject of a lawsuit : to 诉讼;打官司
cause (a case, an issue, etc.) to be decided and
settled in a court of law
2 realm n. an area of activity, interest, or knowledge 领域
3 connoisseur n. a person who knows a lot about something (such 鉴赏家
as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular
subject
6 moralize v. to express beliefs about what is good behavior 进行道德说
and what is bad behavior 教
7 xenophobic a. one unduly fearful of what is foreign and 仇外的
especially of people of foreign origin
8 anarchistic a. a person who believes that government and laws 无政府主义
are not necessary 的;扰乱秩序
的
9 pioneering a. introducing ideas and methods that have never 先驱的
been used before
elements
11 pristine a. not changed by people: left in its natural state 自然状态的
a. in perfect condition: completely clean, fresh, 新鲜的
neat, etc.
12 parochial a. limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or 狭隘
region): PROVINCIAL, NARROW
16 badger v. to harass or annoy persistently 烦扰(反复提
出问题或要
求)
17 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you or to share 说服;使动摇
your opinion
18 enchantment n. a feeling of being attracted by something 狂喜;陶醉
interesting, pretty, etc. : the state of being
enchanted
19 engaging a. very attractive or pleasing in a way that holds 迷人的
your attention
20 momentous a. very important : having great or lasting 重要的
importance
21 dormant aj. not active for the time being 暂停活动的
22 nugatory a. of little or no consequence: TRIFLING, 无价值的
INCONSEQUENTIAL

25 bookish a. more interested in reading books and studying 学究似的
than doing more physical activities (such as sports)
26 mediate v. to get (something, such as a settlement or 调解；为解
agreement) by working with opposing sides in a 决分歧找到
dispute (方法)
27 repulse v. to cause dislike or disgust in (someone) 使厌恶
remembering something from the past and wishing
that you could experience it again
30 put off / 拖延;敷衍;搪
塞;
31 flush with / 充满
32 sensuality n. relating to the pleasing of the senses 感性
33 tedium n. the quality or state of being tedious or boring 单调乏味
34 drop out / 退学;退出
（比赛等）
35 lose out / 失败
的
37 a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
ingenuous candidness
38 sententious a. given to or abounding in excessive moralizing (尤指)说教式
的
39 simple a. lacking in intelligence : STUPID 迟钝
40 exude v. to show (a quality, emotion, etc.) very clearly or 显露
strongly
41 versatility n. the quality or state of having many uses or being 用途广泛
able to do many different kinds of things
42 cure-all n. a cure or solution for any illness or problem (通常无效的)
万灵药
43 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect (尤指药物或
治疗方法的)
功效
44 effectual a. producing a desired result or effect （行动、计
划等）有效
的
46 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like a (给无实际治
drug but that has no physical effect on the patient 疗需要者的)
安慰剂
47 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay 破产

debts
48 lurch v. to move with a sudden swaying, tipping, or 突然前倾(或
jerking motion 向一侧倾斜)
49 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes (引起混乱的)
a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
50 exorbitant a. going far beyond what is fair, reasonable, or 过高的;高得
expected : too high, expensive, etc. 离谱的
51 peril n. the state of being in great danger 严重危险;祸
害;险情
52 convulsion n. a sudden change or disturbance that affects a 动乱;骚动
country, organization, etc.
53 opulent a. having or showing much wealth 富裕;丰富
55 exacting a. requiring much time, attention, or effort from 苛刻的 , 要求
someone : very difficult or demanding 严格的
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by 深奥难懂的
only a few people
obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and 模糊的
with certainty
57 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；
to understand or explain 难懂的
Section 84
序
号
1 erect a. straight up and down 垂直的
2 list n. a deviation from the vertical: tilt 倾斜
僵直的; 一成
3 rigid a. not easily changed
不变的
4 upright a. positioned to be straight up 直立的
5 zenith n. the highest point or stage 顶点
6 brute a. typical of beasts: like that of a beast 野蛮的
a. making or causing a harsh and irritating 不和谐的
7 jarring
sound
8 gratifying a. giving pleasure or satisfaction 令人满足的
a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to reduce
9 conciliatory 安抚的
hostility
10 hidebound a. not willing to accept new or different ideas 迂腐的
a. not interesting, funny, etc., because of being
11 hackneyed 陈腐的
used too often : not fresh or original
n. a play, story, novel, etc., that makes a serious 滑稽讽刺表演
12 burlesque
subject seem funny or ridiculous （或作品）
v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness 悲叹
13 lament
about something
v. to dislike and criticize (someone or
14 execrate 厌恶
something) very strongly
a. showing concern for the happiness and
15 altruistic 无私心的
a. extremely or unusually large: enormous 巨大的
16 monstrous a. very wrong or unfair 道德败坏的
a. very ugly, cruel, or vicious 丑陋的
17 repugnant a. causing a strong feeling of dislike or disgust 令人厌恶的
18 articulate v/a. to give clear and effective utterance to 说话清楚(的)
adv. in a different way or 在其他方面; 以
20 otherwise
manner; in other respects 其他方式
n. the act of twisting out of shape or making
22 distortion 扭曲
inaccurate
v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly
23 reveal 揭示
or generally known
24 incursion n. a sudden invasion or attack 侵入
v. to change (a book, computer file, etc.) from
破坏
the correct or original form
25 corrupt
v. to cause (someone or something) to become
使腐败
dishonest, immoral, etc: bribe
v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to
26 obviate 避免
v. to make (something) easier : to help cause
27 facilitate 促进
(something)
v. to decide not to think about or consider

28 dismiss 不予考虑
n. a type of long gun that was used by soldiers
29 musket (旧时的)火枪
before the invention of the rifle
v. to give a false impression of 掩盖
30 belie v. to show (something) to be false or wrong 证明……错误
31 demarcate v. to show the limits or edges of (something) 标出…的界线
较…先存在或
32 antedate v. to be earlier or older than (something)
先发生
33 apocryphal a. well-known but probably not true 虚构的
n. a belief or opinion that does not agree with （与大多数人
34 heresy the official belief or opinion of a particular 的观点不合
religion 的）异端
v. to make (someone) feel or look young, 使年轻;使更有
35 rejuvenate
healthy, or energetic again 活力
36 superannuate v. to become retired/ antiquated 退休
n. the state of being old or the process of
37 senescence 衰老
becoming old
38 nothing if not / 非常，及其
a. causing very great excitement or interest with 轰动的;引起哗
39 sensational
shocking details 然的
a. tending to make people afraid or less
40 daunting 令人畏惧的
confident
不明智的;考虑
41 ill-advised a. not wise or sensible
不全面的
(使)氧化;(尤指
42 oxidize v. to become combined with oxygen
使)生锈
43 ascorbate n. a salt of ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸盐
v. to put air or a gas into (something, such as 充二氧化碳于
44 aerated
soil or a liquid)
45 aqueous a. containing water or similar to water 含水的
n. the act or process by which a solid, liquid, or
46 solution 溶液
gas is dissolved in a liquid
v. to make (something, such as a position of 巩固
47 consolidate
v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化
全神贯注于
49 zero in on = focus on （问题或主
题）
50 prodigious a. very big 巨大的
51 undiscriminating a. not marked by discrimination 一视同仁的
a. showing or demanding excessive delicacy or 挑剔的
52 fastidious
care
a. very careful or too careful about choosing or 挑剔的
53 picky
accepting things : hard to please
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very 贪婪的，贪吃

54 voracious
large amounts of food 的
a. eating both plants and animals 杂食的
55 omnivorous
a. eager to learn about many different things 兴趣广泛的
a. not easy to understand or identify in an exact （问题等) 难
56 slippery
way 以应对的
58 a. hard to understand, define, or remember 难理解的
a. intended to make someone believe something
59 deceptive 骗人的
that is not true
a. having no result or effect : pointless or
60 futile 无效的
useless
a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your
61 compelling 引人入胜的
attention
Section 85
序
号
n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going to 顺从
happen and cannot be changed
1 resignation
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal
辞职
or official way
n. something (such as a situation) that is made up
2 paradox of two opposite things and that seems impossible 悖论
n . a power beyond human control that is believed 命中注定的事
4 fate
to determine what happens: DESTINY (尤指坏事)
5 sham a/n. not real 虚假
(岩石、土地等
6 fissure n. a narrow opening or crack
中深长的)裂缝
n. a strong feeling of sadness, fear, and loss of
7 desperation 绝望
hope
n . the quality or state of being passive or
8 passivity 被动
submissive
n. the state of being fully developed in the body or (思想行为、作
9 maturity
the mind 品等)成熟
v. to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry,
10 offend 冒犯;令人不适
or upset by something said or done
12 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 严厉指责
n. a statement that makes something seem smaller
13 understatement 保守的说法
or less important or serious than it really is
(戏剧/ 电影的 )
14 cast n . the actors in a play, film, or television show
全体演员
容忍，忍受
15 accept v. to endure without protest or reaction
（困境等）
16 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 严厉斥责某人
17 displease v. to make (someone) feel unhappy or annoyed 使生气
18 limp along / 一瘸一拐地走
19 innovation n. a new idea, device, or method 创新;改革
n. something that causes a strong urge or desire to
20 temptation have or do something and especially something 诱因
that is bad, wrong, or unwise
n . lack of movement or activity especially when 缺乏活力;惰性
21 inertia
movement or activity is wanted or needed
22 vanish v. to disappear entirely without a clear explanation 突然消失
n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏
23 paucity
wanted
n. the customs, values, and behaviors that are 风俗习惯;传统
26 mores
accepted by a particular group, culture, etc.
v. to make (something) clear and easier to 阐明

27 illuminate
understand
v. to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or
28 reveal 揭示
generally known
a. based on feelings or desires that do not come
30 instinctive 生来的;本能的
from thinking or learning
a. able to return to an original shape after being
能复原的
pulled, stretched, pressed, bent, etc.
31 resilient
a. able to become strong, healthy, or successful
有适应力的
again after something bad happens
32 transcendent a. far better or greater than what is usual 卓越的;杰出的
a. able to be discussed and changed before an 可协商的;可讨
33 negotiable
agreement or decision is made 论的
a. very old and no longer useful, popular, or 过时的;陈旧的
34 antiquated
accepted : very old-fashioned or obsolete
v. to present (something) to the public in a new or
35 repackage 重新包装
more attractive way
促使;导致;激
v. to cause (someone) to do something
36 prompt 起
a. quick and ready to act 迅速的
n. a room or compartment for storage or (尤指银行的 )
37 vault
safekeeping 金库
v. to steal things from (a place, such as a city or
38 plunder 抢劫，掠夺
town) especially by force
n. too much of something : a supply of something 供应过剩;供过
39 glut
that is much more than is needed or wanted 于求
n. a period in which something becomes popular
40 revival 复兴
again after a long period of time
41 hodgepodge n. a mixture of different things 大杂烩
n. an amount that is too much or more than you
42 surfeit 过量
need
43 modicum n. a small amount 少量
n. the state or condition of not having enough of
44 dearth 缺乏
something
a. the ability to speak or write well and in an
45 eloquence 雄辩
effective way
n. a brief time when an action or activity stops 间歇
46 lull v. to cause (someone) to feel safe and relaxed 哄骗，使放松
instead of careful and alert 警惕
47 temper
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to
使(金属)回火
become hard or strong by heating it and cooling it
48 steel n. a strong, hard metal made of iron and carbon 钢
49 sleek smooth and shiny; stylish and attractive 造型优美的
51 resolve n. a strong determination to do something 决心
机敏的;足智多
a. able to deal well with new or difficult situations
52 resourceful 谋的;随机应变
and to find solutions to problems
的
n. a feeling of wanting to help someone who is sick,
53 compassion 同情;怜悯
hungry, in trouble, etc.
a. used to say that someone is speaking or writing
54 frank 坦率的;直率的
in a very direct and honest way
bypass v. to avoid or ignore especially to get something 避开
55
done quicker
57 strenuous a. requiring or showing great energy and effort 繁重的;艰苦的
undisclosed a. not made known to the public : not named or 未公开的;保密
58 identified 的
impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
60
disprove v. to prove to be false or wrong 证明…是虚假
61
的
63 rehash v. to present again in a slightly different form 一味的重复
revise v. to make changes especially to correct or 修改，修订(书
64 improve (something) 刊、估算等)
Section 86
号
1 vulnerable a. easily hurt or harmed physically, mentally, or 脆弱的
emotionally
2 sustainable a. involving methods that do not completely use (对自然资源和
up or destroy natural resources 能源的利用)不
破坏生态平衡的
3 deplete v. to use most or all of (something important) : to 耗尽;使枯竭
greatly reduce the amount of (something)
4 shrewd a. having or showing an ability to understand 精明的
things and to make good judgments: mentally
sharp or clever
cheated
6 soft-pedal v. to treat or describe (something) as less 低调处理
important than it really is
7 extol v. to praise (someone or something) highly 称赞
8 deprecate v. to criticize or express disapproval of 强烈反对
9 compromise v. to give up something that you want in order to 妥协
reach an agreement : to settle differences by
means of a compromise
v. to damage or weaken (something) 危害
10 piecrust n. the outer part of a pie 馅饼皮
11 puncture v. to weaken, damage, or destroy (something, 削弱
such as an argument or a person's feelings,
pride, etc.) suddenly or in a way that causes
surprise or embarrassment
12 crust n. the hard outer surface of bread 面包皮
13 split v. to separate or divide into parts or groups 分开
14 warp v. to cause (a person's opinions, thoughts, etc.) 扭曲
to be changed in a way that is wrong or
unnatural
15 distend v. to become larger and rounder because of (使)膨胀
pressure from inside
16 shrunk to make (something) smaller in amount, size, or 缩小
value
17 caved in / 屈服
18 putative generally believed to be something 推定的;认定的
19 discourse n. a long talk or piece of writing about a subject 论文;演讲
21 adversary n. opponent, enemy 敌手
22 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny because 讽刺
things happen in a way that seems to be the
opposite of what you expected
24 understatement n. a statement that makes something seem

smaller or less important or serious than it really 保守的说法
is
26 allegation n. a statement saying that someone has done (无证据的)说
something wrong or illegal 法，指控
27 venality n. willing to do dishonest things in return for 贪财，受贿
money
28 superintendent n. a person who directs or manages a place, 监管人;监督人
department, organization, etc.
29 vindication n. the act of vindicating or defending against （对所受到的责
criticism or censure 难或嫌疑的）澄
清
31 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you or to 说服;使动摇
share your opinion
32 grouchy a. tending to complain about things : having a 脾气不好并常发
bad temper 牢骚的;好抱怨
的
33 n. the quality of a person who is completely 诚实
probity
honest
34 derogate v. to insult (someone or something) : to say or (对法规等的)背
suggest that (something or someone) is not 离
important or worthy of respect
37 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting 尖刻犀利
sharpness especially of words, manner, or
feelings
38 pertinacious a. stubbornly tenacious 固执
39 civility n. polite, reasonable, and respectful behavior 礼貌;客气
40 comity n. friendly social atmosphere 友好，和谐
41 steadfast a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or 坚定不移的
cause: not changing
42 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to failure 即将倒闭的
43 assume V.to think that something is true or probably true 假定
without knowing that it is true
V.to begin (a role, duty, etc.) as a job or 承担
responsibility
45 stem v. to check or hold back the progress of 阻止
important
47 vilify v. to say or write very harsh and critical things 诽谤
48 stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍

slow or difficult
50 aggrieve v. to give pain or trouble to 令委屈
as a law or rule)
excited
Section 87
序单词中文解释
英文解释
号
1 thematic a. of or relating to a theme 主题的
2 strand n. one of the elements interwoven in a complex (观点、计划、
whole 故事等的)部分
3 synthesis n. something that is made by combining different (人工的)合成
things (such as ideas, styles, etc.)
sufficient evidence
5 accretion n. something that has grown or accumulated 堆积，积聚(过
slowly : a product or result of gradual growth 程)
6 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be 竞争对手
more successful than another
7 propitious a. likely to have or produce good results 吉祥的
9 anathematic a. hateful, loathsome 厌恶的;憎恶的
10 redundant 多余的;不需要
a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
11 meretricious a. attractive in a cheap or false way 虚有其表的
14 a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your
compelling 引人入胜的
attention
a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚的
17 foster v. to help (something) grow or develop 培养;鼓励
18 resemble v. to look or be like (someone or something) 显得像;像
19 plausible a. possibly true 有理的
20 aggregate v. to join or combine into a single group 总数;合计
21 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular 零星的
or random instances
22 disproportionat a. having or showing a difference that is not fair, 太大(或太小)的
e reasonable, or expected: too large or too small
in relation to something
24 tactical a. of, relating to, or used for a specific plan that 策略上的
is created to achieve a particular goal in war,
politics, etc.
25 relish v. to enjoy or take pleasure in (something) 享受
27 choreograph 为(芭蕾舞或表
v. to decide how a dancer or group of dancers
演)设计舞蹈动
will move during a performance
作
28 rattle v. to upset or disturb (someone) 扰乱

30 acute a. having or showing an ability to think clearly 敏锐的
and to understand what is not obvious or simple
about something
uncertain
33 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or greater 夸大（某事）
than it really is
34 unrelenting a. not slowing down, stopping, or growing 持续的;不缓和
weaker 的
36 backhanded （恭维话）讽刺
a. not direct or sincere
挖苦的
37 paltry a. very small or too small in amount; having little 微小的;不重要
meaning, importance, or worth 的
38 heartfelt a. deeply felt : very sincere 诚挚的
39 meager a. not having enough of something for comfort or 贫乏的，不足的
happiness
40 abstraction n. a thought or thoughts about general qualities 抽象
or ideas rather than people or things
41 generality n. the quality or state of being general rather 概论
than specific or detailed
partial or biased
43 envisage v. to picture (something) in your mind 展望
Section 88
号
1 bristle v. to show signs of anger : to become angry 怒气冲冲
8 redouble v. to greatly increase the size or amount of 加倍
(something)
a law or rule)
11 undervalue v. to value below the real worth 低估
12 converge v. to move toward one point and join together : to 汇集;聚集
come together and meet
16 subordinate v. to think of or treat (someone or something) as
使从属于
a. placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or 从属的;下级的
position
17 defend v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
18 prejudice
19 n. the activity of reporting about an event or 新闻报道
coverage subject in newspapers, on television news
programs, etc.
20 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a piece of 颂词
writing) that praises someone or something
21 overwrought a. very excited or upset 过度紧张的
22 calumny n. an untrue statement that is made to damage 诬蔑
someone's reputation
23 fulmination v. to complain loudly or angrily 严词谴责
24 objectionable a. not good or right : causing people to be 令人反感的;讨
offended 厌的
25 luminous a. producing or seeming to produce light 发光的
26 replete v. having much or plenty of something : filled with 充满
something
27 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; difficult 不透明的；难
to understand or explain 懂的
ingenuity
29 collapse v. to break apart and fall down suddenly 倒塌，坍塌
30 prevail v. to be usual, common, or popular 盛行;流行

31 wary a. not having or showing complete trust in 谨慎的
someone or something that could be dangerous
or cause trouble
32 temptation n. something that causes a strong urge or desire
to have or do something and especially 诱因
something that is bad, wrong, or unwise
should be the same
34 crop up / （常指出其不
意地）出现
35 plausible a. possibly true 有理的
36 conceivable a. able to be imagined : imaginable or possible 可想象的;可信
的
37 foreseen v. to see or become aware of (something that has 预料;预见
not yet happened)
38 totem n. something (such as an animal or plant) that is 图腾
the symbol for a family, tribe, etc., especially
among Native Americans
40 protean a. able to change into many different forms or 变幻无常的
able to do many different things
41 idealize v. to think of or represent (someone or something) 将…理想化
as being perfect
42 emblematic a. representing something (such as an idea, state, 象征(性)的
or emotion) that cannot be seen by itself
43 slip n. a small mistake: blunder 差错
46 slur n. an insulting or disparaging remark or innuendo: 诽谤
aspersion
v. to speak in a way that is difficult to understand 含混不清地说
话(通常因醉酒
或疲劳)
50 exhilarating v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and 使高兴
excited
51 jibe v/n. to utter taunting words = (gibe) 嘲讽
v. to be in accord: AGREE (与…)一致，
相符
52 girth n. the size of someone or something measured 腰围
around the middle
53 aspersion n. a false or misleading charge meant to harm 诽谤
54 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of someone or 赞扬
something
55 falsehood n. the quality of not being true or accurate: false 虚假

quality
57 whim n. a sudden wish, desire, decision, etc. 突然的念头
Section 89
序
号
n. a strong liking for or attraction to someone or 密切关系
1 affinity
something
n. the quality or state of being complex or having 错综复杂
2 intricacy
many parts
a. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻性的
3 metaphorical refer to another thing in order to show or
a. relating to religious or political sects and the 派系的
4 sectarian
differences between them
5 baroque a. having many details or to o many details 复杂精美的
v. to decay or lose freshness especially because
6 spoil 毁掉
of being kept too long
7 render
v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a 使成为
specified condition
9 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or space 拖延
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden
自然的
10 spontaneous a. doing things that have not been planned but
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a 自发的
particular time
多余的;不需要
11 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal
的
13 culmination n. the end or final result of something 顶点;终点
14 startling a. very surprising, shocking, or frightening 令人吃惊的
v. to try to do something that is beyond your 不自量力
15 overreach
ability to do
n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发( 或不测、
16 contingency
happen 意外)事件
17 remunerative a. paying a lot of money 有酬劳的
18 ramshackle a. ready to fall down 摇摇欲坠的
a. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of (生活方式 ) 简朴
19 spartan luxury and comfort 的，清苦的
n. a person of great courage and self-discipline 勇敢守纪律的人
22 clownish a. like a clown: acting in a silly or funny way 滑稽的
23 button v. to close or fasten (something) with buttons 扣…的纽扣
v. to be in a hidden place : to wait in a secret or
24 lurk hidden place especially in order to do something 潜伏;潜在
wrong or harmful
25 raillery n. friendly joking about or with somebody 戏谑;逗趣
26 effusive a. expressing a lot of emotion 感情过分流露的
27 forbear
v. to choose not to do (something that you could 忍耐
do): to avoid doing or saying (something)
n. marked by capriciousness, recklessness, or 鲁莽的;狂妄的

28 madcap
foolishness
29 lugubrious a. full of sadness or sorrow 悲哀的
v. to teach (someone) in a way that improves the 启发
30 edify
mind or character
31 facetious a. intended or trying to be funny 乱引人发笑的
32 reserved a. restrained in words and actions 话少的，保守的
33 beguiling a. agreeably or charmingly attractive or pleasing 诱人的;诱骗的
v. to decide not to think about or consider 不予考虑
34 dismiss
a. relating to or causing much discussion, 引起争议的
35 controversial
a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your
36 compelling 引人入胜的
attention
v. to hurt or damage the good condition of
37 taint 使腐坏;污染
(something)
v. to do something helpful for (someone): to
38 accommodate provide what is needed or wanted for (someone 帮忙
or something)
a. relating to what can be known through an 由因及果的；推
39 a priori understanding of how certain things work rather
理的
than by observation
40 penetrate v. to discover the inner contents or meaning of 洞察；领悟
v. to make (something) no longer necessary: to 避免
41 obviate
v. to take the job or position of (someone or
42 displace 替代
something)
n. something that is unusual or peculiar in a
43 peculiarity 特性
person or thing
v. to be attracted to or toward something or
44 gravitate 被吸引
someone
n. the quality of being strange or unusual in
45 eccentricity 怪癖
behavior
n. a strong natural liking for something that is 癖性
48 proclivity
usually bad
49 wavering n. indecision in speech or action 犹豫
50 coward n. lacking courage 胆小鬼
v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.:
53 stagnate 停滞
54 coalesce v. to come together to form one group or mass 合并
a. used and accepted by most people: usual or 传统的
55 conventional
traditional
a. of, relating to, or dealing with the rudiments of
56 elemental 基本的,重要的
something: elementary
57 rudimentary a. basic or simple 基础的;基本的
Section 90
序
号
v. to maintain or support in the face of argument 捍卫，支持
1 defend
n. deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use
2 equivocation 含糊其辞
of ambiguous or equivocal language
n.a stream of water or ice particles created in 轨迹
3 contrail
the sky by an airplane or rocket
愚昧无知的 ; 落后
4 benighted a. having no knowledge or education
的
5 multitudinous a. very many 大量的;众多的
a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think clearly
6 obtuse 迟钝的;愚蠢的
or to understand what is obvious or simple
n. lack of honesty: the condition of being
7 mendacity 谎言
mendacious
8 abnegation n. denial 拒绝;放弃
9 guileless a. very innocent 厚道的;老实的
10 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 锐利的
v. to make (something, such as an error or
使恶化
a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion 可疑的
12 dubious
14 intrinsic a. belonging to the essential nature of a thing 固有的，内在的
v. to repeat something you have already said in
15 reiterate 反复地做
16 controvert v. to say or prove that (something) is untrue 反驳
17 negate v. to cause (something) to not be effective 取消;使无效
v. to think about something and make guesses
about it : to form ideas or theories about 猜测
18 speculate
something usually when there are many things
not known about it
20 unwavering a. continuing in a strong and steady way 不动摇的;坚定的
a. expressing feelings or opinions in a very loud 喧嚣的; 大叫大嚷
21 vociferous or forceful way : expressed in a very loud or
的
forceful way
22 tepid a. not energetic or excited 不热情的
v. to deny that you know about or are involved
23 disavow 不承认
in (something)
24 retain v. to continue to have or use (something) 保持;持有
25 dissemble v. to hide your true feelings, opinions, etc. 伪装
(尤指药物或治疗
26 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect
方法的)功效
29 a cascade of / 一连串的
n. one haploid set of chromosomes with the
30 genome 染色体组
genes they contain
n. an object (such as a moon) that moves
31 satellite 卫星
around a much larger planet
32 lags far behind / 远远落后
n. the act or process of gaining skill, knowledge, (知识、技能等的)
34 acquisition
etc. 获得
v. to begin to do or use (something, such as a
35 implement 执行，履行
plan) : to make (something) active or effective
v. to persuade someone to do something or to
36 cajole give you something by making promises or 哄骗;诱骗
saying nice things
v. to influence or persuade (a person or animal)
37 coax to do something by talking in a gentle and 哄劝;劝诱
friendly way
38 runs counter to / 与…背道而驰
n. the chemical processes by which a plant or
39 metabolism an animal uses food, water, etc., to grow and 新陈代谢
heal and to make energy
40 prophylactic a. designed to prevent disease 预防疾病的
41 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不需要的
42 trap n. a device for catching animals 陷阱
v. to remove (something that is not wanted or
消除
43 eliminate needed)
v. to cause (something or someone) to seem or
45 devalue 贬低
to be less valuable or important
v. to rate or value (someone or something) too
46 underrate 轻视
low
n. any member of the group of animals that 灵长目动物
47 primate
includes human beings, apes, and monkeys
v. to become or to cause (something) to become 减少
48 diminish v. to lessen the authority or reputation of
(someone or something) : to describe 轻视
(something) as having little value or importance
a. of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an
原始的
50 primitive early time in the very ancient past
a. very simple and basic 基本的
a. capable of being understood or 明白易懂的
51 intelligible
comprehended
a. basic or simple 基本的
52 rudimentary
Section 91
序
号
智力的; 脑力
1 intellectual a. of or relating to thought or understanding
的
2 trenchant a. very strong, clear, and effective 锐利的
n. a feeling of being satisfied with how things are and
4 complacency not wanting to try to make them better : a 自满;自得
complacent feeling or condition
放弃（想做
6 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 的事或想得
之物）
(尤指对被自
己击败或曾
7 magnanimity n. the quality of being generous and noble 欺凌过自己
的人的)宽宏
大量
n. an avoidance by choice especially of certain foods
8 abstinence 节制;禁欲
or of liquor
n. a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of
thinking about problems that is based on dealing
9 pragmatism 实用主义
with specific situations instead of on ideas and
theories
a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and
天真的
10 ingenuous candidness
a. displaying wealth, knowledge, etc., in a way that
14 ostentatious 炫耀的
is meant to attract attention, admiration, or envy
顽强的;坚决
15 tenacious a. very determined to do something
的
a. difficult to handle, control, or deal with because of
18 unwieldy 笨重的
being large, heavy, or complex
v. to free (someone) from someone else's control or 解放
19 emancipate
power
(文学、艺
20 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or art 术、电影或
音乐的)体裁
综合的;广泛
21 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly
的
22 factuality n. relating to or based on facts 真实性
23 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实性
彻底的；完
24 thorough a. including every possible part or detail
全的
n. a position giving a strategic advantage, 优势
26 vantage
commanding perspective, or comprehensive view
27 wind up / 以…告终
28 obscurity n. the state of being unknown or forgotten 默默无闻
29 normalcy n. a normal condition or situation 常态
30 eminent a. successful, well-known and respected 杰出的
31 egalitarian a. aiming for equal wealth, status, etc. 平等主义的
a. happening again and again in the same order : 循环的;周期
33 cyclic
happening in cycles 的
a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡
34 mundane
a. too important and respected to be changed,
35 sacrosanct 神圣的
criticized, etc.
a. no longer useful or acceptable : not modern or
36 outmoded 过时的
current
v. to rate, value, or praise (someone or something) 对…评价过
37 overrate
too highly 高
38 canon n. an accepted principle or rule 准则;标准
a. representing something (such as an idea, state,
39 emblematic 象征(性)的
or emotion) that cannot be seen by itself
n. the way you think about or understand someone
40 perception 感知;洞察力
or something
a. involving or having information that disagrees with
44 contradictory 矛盾的
other information
45 divergent a. differing from each other or from a standard 不同的
a. concerned only with what is obvious or apparent:
粗略的
47
superficial a. affecting only the outer part or surface of
肤浅的
48 a. lying close to the surface 表层的
n. a person who is very enthusiastic about
49 fanatical 极端分子
something
a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or
冷漠的
50 indifferent concern for something: apathetic
51 diligent a. showing steady and earnest care and hard work 勤勉的
52 proficient a. good at doing something 精通的
冷淡的;无兴
53 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest
趣的
Section 92
序
号
v. to exist or be done in order to remind
4 commemorate people of (an important event or person from 作为…的纪念
the past)
v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of
5 disdain 鄙视
6 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决的
n. power to attract : a quality that attracts
8 allure 诱惑
people
9 refractory a. difficult to control or deal with 难以驾驭的
a. refusing to change your behavior or your
10 obstinate 固执的;顽固的
ideas
n. regard for or consideration of oneself or
11 self-regard 自我欣赏
one's own interests
a. acting or done in a very open and shocking
12 brazen 厚颜无耻的
way without shame or embarrassment
n. a great or foolish amount of pride or
13 hubris 傲慢;狂妄
confidence
a. very devoted or loyal to a person, belief, or
14 staunch 忠实的;坚定的
cause
(尤指对君主的)效忠
15 fealty n. loyalty to a person, group, etc.
宣誓
16 thorough a. including every possible part or detail 彻底的；完全的
n. skill or cleverness that allows someone to
17 ingenuity 独创力;聪明才智
solve problems, invent things, etc.
v. to deny that you know about or are
involved in (something)
19 appraise v. to set a value on 估计
22 obscurity n. the state of being unknown or forgotten 默默无闻
v. to cause someone to be no longer involved
23 estrange 疏远
or connected with something
n. the quality or state of being unknown to
24 anonymity most people : the quality or state of being 匿名的；无名的
anonymous
a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
25 provocative etc.
a. only taught to or understood by members 深奥难懂的
26 esoteric
of a special group: hard to understand
27 replicate v. to repeat or copy (something) exactly 复制
以观察或实验为依据
28 empirical a. based on testing or experience
的
v. to end (something, such as an argument) 解决（分歧、纠纷

29 settle
by reaching an agreement 等）
a. always right and accurate : making no 万无一失的
31 unerring
errors
白热化的;极其激烈
32 white-hot a. very intense or active
的
a. having or showing an ability to think of new
33 inventive 有创意的;有新意的
ideas and methods : creative or imaginative
a. very attractive or pleasing in a way that
34 engaging 迷人的
holds your attention
a. feeling or showing concern for someone
35 compassionate 有同情心的
who is sick, hurt, poor, etc.
36 vigorous a. done with great force and energy 充满活力的
37 sponge / 海绵
a. always wanting more : not able to be 无法满足的
38 insatiable
satisfied
a. not straight or direct : having many twists 不直率的; 曲折的(道
39 devious and turns
路)
a. having or showing the unpleasant quality
of people who want to be regarded as more
40 pretentious 自命不凡的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than
they really are
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very
41 voracious 贪婪的，贪吃的
large amounts of food
a. getting what is wanted in a clever and
42 cunning 狡猾的
often deceptive way
n. something that looks or seems different
43 illusion from what it is : something that is false or not 幻想
real but that seems to be true or real
n. the act of saying something that is
44 contradiction opposite or very different in meaning to 矛盾
something else
n. something that exists only in the
45 chimera 幻想
imagination and is not possible in reality
a. something (such as a word, an object, or
an event) that is mistakenly placed in a time
时代错误的
where it does not belong in a story, movie,
46 anachronistic
etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong
过去的
to the past and not to fit in the present
Section 93
序
号
v. to pretend that a false behavior or feeling is 假装
1 affect
natural or genuine
2 at odds with / 与……不一致
n. harsh or insulting words : rude and angry
4 invective 辱骂
language
5 tenacious a. very determined to do something 顽强的;坚决的
n. the quality or state of not supporting either
6 neutrality side in an argument, fight, war, etc. : the quality 中立状态
or state of being neutral
a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or
7 pugnacious 好挑衅的
argue
8 effusive a. expressing a lot of emotion 感情过分流露的
a. becoming angry very easily : having a bad
9 irascible 易怒的
temper
n. an amount that is less than what is needed or
11 paucity 缺乏
wanted
n. the quality that makes it possible to see
透明
through something
12 transparency
n. the quality that makes something obvious or 通俗易懂
easy to understand
v. to say or write good things about (someone
13 praise 赞扬
or something)
to treat (someone) as a very important and
14 lionize 把…奉为名人
famous person
v. to assail by words or arguments : oppose or 对…表示怀疑;
15 impugn
attack as false or lacking integrity 置疑
v. to try to be like (someone or something you
16 emulate 模仿
admire)
more often than 往往;多半
17 /
not
n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
person's expression
19 countenance
v. to accept, support, or approve of (something):
支持;赞成
sanction
n. the state of being in a place or situation that
21 isolation 隔离
is separate from others
a. not likely to bother or offend anyone : not 可以接受的;无
22 unobjectionable
objectionable 异议的
a. concerned only with what is obvious or
粗略的
23 superficial a. affecting only the outer part or surface of 肤浅的
24 cordial a. politely pleasant and friendly 友好的

n. the attitude of a person who believes that it is
25 idealism possible to live according to very high standards 理想主义
26 rigid a. not easily changed 严格的，刻板的
v. to make (something) dangerous, dirty, or
27 contaminate impure by adding something harmful or 污染
undesirable to it
a. capable of being passed to someone else by
28 infectious 传染性的
germs that enter the body
（表示遗憾或不
n. a short, low sound that is used to show
29 cluck 赞成）发出啧啧
disapproval or sympathy
声
n. a person who has very strong feelings about
something (such as religion or politics) and who (尤指宗教或政
30 zealot
wants other people to have those feelings : a 治的)狂热分子
zealous person
n. the feeling of not having much emotion or 冷淡;漠然
31 apathy
interest
n. the behavior of people who do things that
they tell other people not to do : behavior that 伪善;虚伪
32 hypocrisy
does not agree with what someone claims to
believe or feel
n. the support for a person or group without fair 偏袒
33 partisanship
n . the quality or state of being passive or
34 passivity 被动
submissive
36 baffle v. to confuse (someone) completely 使困惑
v. to make (someone) nervous, worried, or
37 unsettle 扰乱;使担忧
upset
38 termite / 白蚁
39 reprehend v. to voice disapproval of: censure 谴责
v. to express approval of or support for 称赞;赞许
40 applaud
v. to criticize or express disapproval of
41 deprecate 强烈反对
v. to prove that someone is not guilty of a crime
42 exonerate 宣布(某人)无罪
or responsible for a problem, bad situation, etc.
v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly
44 trumpet 大声宣扬
especially in a way that is annoying
n. a meeting at which a subject can be
45 forum 讨论会
discussed
v. to surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly
46 startle 使惊吓
and usually not seriously
v. to increase the level of (something) : to make
47 elevate 提升
(something) higher
50 strenuous a. requiring or showing great energy and effort 繁重的;艰苦的
a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不带偏

51 dispassionate
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 见的
52 strident a. sounding harsh and unpleasant 刺耳的
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v. to make (something, such as a problem)
2 ameliorate 改善
better, less painful, etc.
a. belonging to the basic nature of someone
3 inherent 固有的;内在的
or something
v. to leave out (something) : to not include 不包括
4 exclude
(something)
a. having or showing the unpleasant quality
of people who want to be regarded as more
5 pretentious 自命不凡的，自负的
impressive, successful, or important than
they really are
a. relating to or causing much discussion,
6 controversial 引起争议的
a. not pleasing or likable : causing you to feel
7 off-putting 令人讨厌的
dislike of someone or something
=layman: n. a person who is not a member
8 layperson 外行
of a certain profession
a. having or showing a cheerful and happy
11 lighthearted 无忧无虑的
nature
n. a list of the books, magazines, articles,
12 bibliography 参考文献
etc., that are mentioned in a text
n. someone or something that gives a feeling
13 solace of comfort to a person who is sad, 安慰
depressed, etc. : a source of comfort
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to
15 initiate 开始
start or begin (something)
16 intact a. not broken or damaged : having every part 完好无损
v. to change into a vapor or to cause
18 vaporize (使)汽化
(something) to change into a vapor
20 agglomerate v. to gather into a ball, mass, or cluster 聚结
n. a situation in which people admire and (对生活方式、看
21 cult care about something or someone very
法、观念等的)狂热
much or too much
22 foster v. to help (something) grow or develop 培养;鼓励
v. to actively second and encourage
24 abet 煽动;怂恿
(something, such as an activity or plan)
v. to say publicly and forcefully that you 谴责
25 decry
regard (something) as bad, wrong, etc.
n. the appearance of a person's face : a
面容;脸色
person's expression
26 countenance
v. to accept, support, or approve of
支持;赞成
(something): sanction
v. to say in a strong and definite way that 谴责

27 condemn
n. a person who argues for or supports
29 proponent 支持者
something
v. to say or write very harsh and critical things
30 vilify 诽谤
v. to maintain or support in the face of
31 defend 捍卫，支持
argument or hostile criticism
v. to describe (someone or something) as
32 belittle 贬低;小看
little or unimportant
33 vendor n. one that sells something 小贩
34 luminary a. a very famous or successful person 权威;有影响的人物
a. moving, changing, or developing by fine or 逐步的;以无法察觉
35 gradual
often imperceptible degrees 的度进行改变的
36 negligible a. very small or unimportant 不重要的
n. a very large number of insects moving 一大群
37 swarm
together
a. acting, moving, or changing in ways that 反复无常
38 erratic
are not expected or usual
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a. very strange or unusual: extremely different
2 outlandish 奇异的
from what is normal or expected
n. a feeling of fear that causes you to hesitate
3 trepidation because you think something bad or unpleasant 惊恐
is going to happen
n. a strong feeling of surprise or sudden 惊愕;惊恐
4 consternation
disappointment that causes confusion
5 gratitude n. a feeling of appreciation or thanks 感激之情;感谢
n. calm emotions when dealing with problems or
6 equanimity 沉着，冷静
pressure
v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and
7 exhilarate 使高兴
excited
a. not influenced by personal feelings, opinions,
公正的
9 disinterested or concerns
12 stringency a. very strict or severe 严厉的
n. something pleasant or helpful : a benefit or
13 boon 益处
advantage
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as
14 circumvent 避免
a law or rule)
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start
16 initiate 开始
17 undermine
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
v. to make (something) clear and easier to
18 illuminate 阐明
understand
v. to ruin the beauty or perfection of (something) :
19 mar to hurt or damage the good condition of 毁坏;损毁
(something)
n. the act of repeating over and over often
20 rote 生搬硬套
without attention to meaning
基于观察或经验
21 empirical a. based on testing or experience
的
(意外发现或发
n. luck that takes the form of finding valuable or 明新奇或有价值
22 serendipity
pleasant things that are not looked for
事物的)运气
v. to form an opinion or to make an estimate （根据已知信
23 extrapolate
about something from known facts 息）推测
v. to work with another person or group in order
24 collaborate 合作
to achieve or do something
n. one of the two times during the year when the (夏或冬)至
25 solstice
sun is farthest north or south of the equator
空前的;没有先
26 unprecedented a. not done or experienced before
例的
a. not found elsewhere: never seen or
27 unparalleled 空前的
experienced before
a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通
28 unexceptional
exceptional 的
29 for all / 尽管
n. a very fancy and attractive quality that is
30 glitz 华丽;浮华
associated with rich or famous people
31 glamour n. a very exciting and attractive quality 吸引力
32 forerunner n. a sign of something that is going to happen 预兆;前兆
n. a substance that stops the harmful effects of a 解毒药
poison
33 antidote 消除不愉快的事
n. something that corrects or improves the bad
effects of something 物
n. a short period of time when you are able to stop
doing something that is difficult or unpleasant or
34 respite 暂缓
when something difficult or unpleasant stops or is
delayed
v. to speak in an angry and critical way to
35 rebuke 指责;批评
(someone)
to treat (someone) as a very important and
36 lionize 把…奉为名人
famous person
v. to give up or leave (someone or something)
37 forsake 抛弃，遗弃
entirely
v. to say or write good things about (someone or
38 eulogize 称赞;颂扬
something)
39 enviable a . causing envy : very desirable 令人羡慕的
42 prominent a. important and well-known 著名的;杰出的
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1 mitochondrial / 线粒体的
v. to ask questions or express doubt about
2 query 怀疑
(something)
3 spark v. to set off 引发;触发
n. a person who enjoys and knows a lot about
4 gourmet 美食家
good food and wine
5 underemphasize v. to fail to emphasize adequately 对…强调不够
n. a sudden happening that causes suffering or
8 blow 打击
loss
n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a
9 malfeasance 不法行为
a. strongly supporting one leader, group, or
10 partisan 盲目拥护
cause over another
a. extremely good and deserving to be admired
11 exemplary 典范的
and copied
a. in good health 健全的
13 sound a. free from mistakes 合理的,正确的
a. causing doubt, uncertainty, or suspicion 可疑的
14 dubious
16 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy 按等级划分的
a. having or showing a tendency to eat very large 贪婪的，贪吃
17 voracious
amounts of food 的
v. to become more severe or strong or to make
18 stiffen (使)变强硬
(something) more severe or strong
21 tremendous a. very large or great 巨大的
a. done or said in a way that is planned or
22 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or 故意的;慎重的
a. very new and different from what is traditional
标新立异
23 radical or ordinary
a. feeling or showing doubt about doing 不情愿的
24 reluctant
v. to do something that is not allowed by (a law, 违反
25 violate
rule, etc.)
违反(法律或规
26 contravene v. to fail to do what is required by (a law or rule)
则)
v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of
27 transcend 超越
(something)
28 mandatory a. required by a law or rule 强制的

v. to give up something that you want in order to
reach an agreement : to settle differences by 妥协
31 compromise means of a compromise
v. to put (someone or something) in a particular 排列;布置
32 dispose
position or place
v. to give control of (something) to another
34 cede 割让;让给
person, group, government, etc.
v. to destroy (something) in an orderly way : to
35 dismantle (逐渐)废除
gradually cause (something) to come to an end
v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿
36 relinquish such as power, control, or possession) to another
地)放弃
person or group
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1 testament n. proof or evidence that something exists or is true 证据;证明
n. material (such as stones and sand) that is carried
2 sediment 沉淀物
into water by water, wind, etc.
3 turbid a. not clean or clear : cloudy or muddy 污浊不清的
4 stagnant a. not active, changing, or progressing 停滞的
5 fathom v. to understand the reason for (something) 理解
7 brackish a. somewhat salty 咸的
v. to repeat something you have already said in 反复地做
9 reiterate
n. the quality of something that is not very good : the 平庸;普通
12 mediocrity
quality or state of being mediocre
n. the quality or state of being unknown to most 匿名的；无
13 anonymity
people : the quality or state of being anonymous 名的
v. to make (something) seem smaller or less
14 downplay 轻描淡写
important
a. not forming a necessary part of something: not 无关的;外来
16 extraneous
important 的;
a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的
17 spontaneous
a. doing things that have not been planned but that
自发的
n. the state of thinking of or describing something as
18 exaggeration 夸张
larger or greater than it really is
n. the act or art of speaking or performing without
19 improvisation 即兴演奏
practicing or preparing ahead of time
v. to give (secret information) to someone so that it
20 leak 泄漏
becomes known to the public
v. to stay somewhere beyond the usual or expected
21 linger 徘徊
time
23 pressing a. very important and needing immediate attention 急迫的
a. requiring immediate attention : needing to be dealt 急迫的
24 exigent
with immediately
a. having many complexly interrelating parts or
25 intricate 复杂的
elements
n. money that is made by or paid to a business or an
26 revenue 收益
organization
a. having or showing an ability to understand things
27 shrewd and to make good judgments: mentally sharp or 精明的
clever
（行动/计划
28 effectual a. producing a desired result or effect
等）有效的
29 canny a. very clever and able to make intelligent decisions 精明谨慎的
30 illicit a. not allowed by law : unlawful or illegal 违法的
a. a selfish desire to have more of something
31 greed 贪心
(especially money)
33 timidity n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or confidence 胆小
n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going to
34 apprehension 恐惧
happen : a feeling of being worried about the future
冷漠的
(光、声、味)
36 faint a. hardly perceptible: DIM
微弱的
v. to make (something, such as a belief, feeling, or
37 dispel 驱逐
idea) go away or end
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n. an original or first model of something from which 原型
1 prototype
other forms are copied or developed
a. characteristic of, suggestive of, or inclined to be a
标新立异的
maverick
2 maverick 言行与众不
n. a person who refuses to follow the customs or
rules of a group 同者
n. someone who is guilty of a crime or offense : a
3 malefactor 犯罪分子
person whose behavior is wrong or evil
n. a person or thing that is perfect or excellent in
4 paragon some way and should be considered a model or 模范
example to be copied
5 aversion n. a strong feeling of not liking something 厌恶;憎恶
v. to publicly or officially say that you support or
6 endorse 支持
a. allowing a lot of freedom and not punishing bad
7 lenient 仁慈;宽大
behavior in a strong way : not harsh, severe, or strict
8 scrupulous a. careful in doing what is right and proper 严谨的
9 spontaneous
a. doing things that have not been planned but that
自发的
v. to read and correct mistakes in (a written or 校对
10 proofread
printed piece of writing)
11 oblivious a. not conscious or aware of someone or something 未注意
a. having or showing strong opinions about what is 说教的
12 moralistic
right behavior and what is wrong behavior
13 status quo / 现状
a. having or showing simultaneous and
14 ambivalent contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something 矛盾的
or someone
reach an agreement : to settle differences by means 妥协
16 compromise of a compromise
a. existing or accepted for the present time but likely
17 provisional 临时的
to be changed
18 stalemate n. a drawn contest: deadlock 僵局
n. a problem that makes progress more difficult or
19 setback 挫折;阻碍
success less likely
v. to cause people or groups to become friendly
20 reconcile 使和解
again after an argument or disagreement
a. existing in, belonging to, or determined by factors
22 innate 先天的
present in an individual from birth: NATIVE, INBORN
v. to come or go into a place where you are not
23 intrude 侵入
wanted or welcome
24 nomadic a. roaming about from place to place 游牧的
n. a strong natural liking for something that is usually 癖性

25 proclivity
bad
v. to strongly dislike or disapprove of (someone or
27 disdain 鄙视
something)
a. of, relating to, or used for a specific plan that is
28 tactical created to achieve a particular goal in war, politics, 策略上的
etc.
30 sleazy a. dishonest or immoral 卑鄙的
卑鄙的;丑恶
31 sordid a. very bad or dishonest
的
重（量）；
33 heft n. weight or heaviness
重要（性）
v. to have a lot of curves instead of going in a straight
34 meander 迂回曲折
or direct line : to follow a winding course
35 circuitous a. not straight, short, and direct 迂回的
36 truncate v. to make (something) shorter 缩短
a. to go from one subject to another without any 冗长含糊的
37 rambling
clear purpose or direction
38 hone v. to make more acute, intense, or effective: WHET 磨练
40 de-emphasize v. to reduce in relative importance 不再重视
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空前的;没有先
1 unprecedented a. not done or experienced before
例的
a. done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being
2 furtive 鬼鬼祟祟的
noticed
3 heed v. to pay attention to (advice, a warning, etc.) 留心
n. a lawyer who represents the side in a court case
4 prosecutor that accuses a person of a crime and who tries to 公诉人
prove that the person is guilty
a. not feeling or showing emotions such as
5 hard-boiled 不动感情的
affection or kindness : emotionally tough
6 innocuous
a. showing that you do not understand something
7 quizzical 诧异的
or that you find something strange or amusing
8 evasive a. not honest or direct 推托的
a. made or done with great care or with much detail 精巧的
9 elaborate
v. to give more details about something 详尽说明
a. acting or done in a very open and shocking way
10 brazen 厚颜无耻的
without shame or embarrassment
v. to limit or restrict (something or someone) 限制
11 trammel
unfairly
13 exiguous a. excessively scanty: INADEQUATE 稀少的
（文章或谈
14 ponderous 话）冗长乏味
a. very boring or dull
的
n. pleasure and sadness that is caused by
remembering something from the past and wishing 怀旧
15 nostalgia that you could experience it again
软弱的;不结实
16 flaccid a. not firm : not hard or solid
的;
n. something that interferes with movement or
17 impediment 妨碍
progress
18 hasty a. done or made very quickly 匆忙的
v. to take back or reclaim (something) for one's
20 reappropriate 重新解释
own purposes
n. the process of heating a liquid until it gives off a 蒸馏
21 distillation
gas and then cooling the gas until it becomes liquid
v. to stop developing, progressing, moving, etc.: to 停滞
22 stagnate
be or become stagnant
a. relating to the idea that all people should be 民主的
23 democratic
treated equally
a. insulting to someone or something : expressing 轻蔑的
24 pejorative
criticism
v. to break or ignore (a law, rule, etc.) without

25 flout hiding what you are doing or showing fear or 藐视
shame
v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of
26 transcend 超越
(something)
28 fungible a. capable of mutual substitution 可替代的
a. likely to spoil or decay quickly : not likely to stay
29 perishable 易变质的
fresh for a long time if not eaten or used
30 integral a. very important and necessary 不可或缺的
31 inimitable a. impossible to copy or imitate 无法仿效的
a. based on something that is not true or real: 虚幻的
32 illusory
v. to make (something, such as a belief, feeling, or
33 dispel 驱逐
idea) go away or end
v. to deny that you know about or are involved in 不承认
34 disavow
(something)
v. to decide not to think about or consider
35 dismiss 不予考虑
a. very interesting: able to capture and hold your 引人入胜的
36 compelling
attention
n. the act of praising or approving of someone or
38 commendation 赞扬
something
n. money that a country or group that loses a war (战败国的 )赔
39 reparation pays because of the damage, injury, deaths, etc.,
款
it has caused
n. something that you say, give, or do to show
40 tribute 致敬，颂词
respect or affection for someone
n. a public statement that strongly criticizes
41 denunciation someone or something as being bad or wrong : a 公开谴责
statement that denounces something or someone
n. an official written statement charging a person
42 indictment 控诉;谴责
with a crime
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v. to take (something, such as a vehicle or 征用;强占
1 commandeer
building) by force especially for military purposes
v. to take or use (something) especially in a way
2 appropriate 挪用;占用
that is illegal, unfair, etc.
v. to make (something) more difficult to 困惑
3 obfuscate
understand
4 cavil v. to complain about things that are not important 吹毛求疵
5 vacillation n. inability to take a stand : irresolution, indecision 犹豫不决
n. the unfair practice by a powerful person (such
6 cronyism as a politician) of giving jobs and other favors to 任人唯亲
friends
a. very thin 稀薄的
7 tenuous a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, weak, or
站不住脚的
uncertain
v. to say publicly and forcefully that you regard
9 decry 谴责
n. the act or process of getting something by
11 extraction 提取;提炼;
pulling it out, forcing it out, etc.
n. a strong feeling of dislike or hatred : a desire to
12 antagonism 敌意
oppose something you dislike or disagree with
n. the action of entangling : the state of being
13 entanglement 纠缠;缠住
entangled
v. to officially give (someone) the power to do
15 mandate 授权
something
reach an agreement : to settle differences by 妥协
16 compromise means of a compromise
v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as
17 circumvent 避免
a law or rule)
a. something (such as a word, an object, or an
event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it 时代错误的
18 anachronistic does not belong in a story, movie, etc.
a. a person or a thing that seems to belong to the 过去的
past and not to fit in the present
n. something regarded with disgust or hatred:
19 abomination 憎恶
something abominable
n. someone or something that is hard to
20 enigma 费解的事物
understand
a. not helpful : making the thing you want to 事与愿违
21 counterproductive
happen less likely to happen
a. returning to an earlier and usually worse state 退化的
22 retrograde
or condition
23 belabor v. to attack or criticize (someone) 责骂
24 shun v. to avoid (someone or something) 避免
v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免

25 eschew
误解(某人的
26 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly
言行)
v. to laugh at or make fun of (someone or 嘲笑; (模仿 )
27 mock something) especially by copying an action or a
嘲弄
way of behaving or speaking
a. likely to cause people to argue or disagree 引起争议的
30 contentious
n. ideas or guesses about something that is not
31 speculation 推测
known
n. the quality or state of not supporting either side
32 neutrality in an argument, fight, war, etc. : the quality or 中立状态
state of being neutral
n. treating all people and groups equally: not
33 impartiality 公正
partial or biased
a. lacking confidence 缺乏自信的
34 diffident a. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of 踌躇的
self-confidence
愉快的心
n. the ability of someone or something to continue 情 ;( 经济的 )
35 buoyancy
to be happy, strong, etc., through difficult times
繁荣
a. a selfish desire to have more of something 贪心
37 greed
(especially money)
n. feeling or showing a lack of courage or
39 timidity 胆小
confidence
n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going
40 apprehension to happen : a feeling of being worried about the 恐惧
future
a. marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or 冷漠的
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n. a particular type or category of literature or (文学、艺术、电
1 genre
art 影或音乐的)体裁
a. very strange or ugly in a way that is not
2 grotesque 怪诞的;荒唐的
normal or natural
n. a weight that provides a balance against 抗衡的行为 ( 或提
3 counterweight
something of equal weight 议)
n. something that is the result of an action, 后果
4 ramification
decision, etc.
n. an action, behavior, or condition that is
5 deviation 背离;偏离
different from what is usual or expected
grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
6
humility n. the quality or state of not thinking you are 谦恭
7
冷漠的
v. to think and talk about someone or
9 obsess 使痴迷;使迷恋
something too much
bookish a. more interested in reading books and 学究似的
10 studying than doing more physical activities
(such as sports)
a. related to the mind rather than to feelings : 大脑的; 智力的
11 cerebral
intellectual and not emotional
12
didactic a. designed or intended to teach people 说教的
something
v. to notice or recognize a difference between 区别
13 distinguish
people or things
v. to deny that you know about or are involved
in (something)
a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
15 deliberate intended: done or said on purpose; done or
16
episode n. an event or a short period of time that is 片段
important or unusual
17 foliage n. the leaves of a plant or of many plants (植物的)叶
18 grip v. to grab or hold (something) tightly 紧握
19 pliable a. able to bend, fold, or twist easily 易弯曲的
a. too easily influenced or controlled by other 易受影响的
20
people
21 pharaohs n. a ruler of ancient Egypt 法老(古埃及国王)
22 disconcert v. to make (someone) upset or embarrassed 令人不安
unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通的
23
exceptional
a. existing or continuing in the same way for a 多年生的; 持续的
24 perennial
long time
v. to decree or ordain in advance: 预知;注定;命中注
25 preordain
FOREORDAIN 定

n. a group of four singers or musicians who
27 quartet 四重奏乐团
perform together
28 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or manner 简朴的
n. an unnecessary display of wealth, (对财富、知识、
29 ostentation knowledge, etc., that is done to attract
attention, admiration, or envy 技能的)炫耀
30 vitality n. a lively or energetic quality 生命力;活力
31 reprehensible a. very bad : deserving very strong criticism 应受指责的
32 explicable a. possible to explain 可解释;可说明
a. very bad in a way that causes shock, fear, or
33 deplorable 糟透的
disgust : deserving to be deplored
n. a person who argues for or supports
34 proponent 支持者
something
a. not willing to change an opinion or decision : 坚决的; 坚定不移
35 adamant
very determined 的
36 suffrage n. the right to vote in an election 选举权;投票权
v. to show or express strong disagreement with
37 protest 抗议
or disapproval of something
criticize v. to express disapproval of (someone or 批评
38
something)
Section 102
序
号
1 fleeting a. not lasting: lasting for only a short time 短暂的
生气勃勃的;精
3 vibrant a. having or showing great life, activity, and energy
力充沛的
a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into the
5 evocative 唤起的
mind
n. the original pattern or model of which all things
6 archetype of the same type are representations or copies: 典型
PROTOTYPE
7 overeager a. too eager 过于热切的
a. not decreasing or becoming weaker : remaining 蓬勃的;不松懈
8 unflagging
strong 的
a. having the ability to know or understand things
9 intuitive without any proof or evidence: having or 凭直觉获知的
10 economical a. using money, resources, etc., carefully 节俭的
n. something (such as a situation) that is made up
11 paradox of two opposite things and that seems impossible 悖论
12 fallacy n. a wrong belief : a false or mistaken idea 谬见;谬论
13 naval a. of or relating to a country's navy 海军的
v. to make (something) solid or hard or to become
14 solidify (使)凝固
solid or hard
降低，削弱(尤
15 degrade v. to make the quality of (something) worse
指质量)
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by
深奥难懂的
only a few people
obscure a. difficult or impossible to know completely and
19 模糊的
with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in front of
掩盖，使模糊
20 carnivorous a. feeding on animal flesh or tissue (动物)食肉的
(药物的) 副作
21 side effect /
用
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱（信
22 undermine
effective usually in a secret or gradual way 心、权威等）
n. something that is added to something else in
23 supplement 增补
n. something that interferes with movement or
24 impediment 妨碍
progress
26 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛的
27 shoddy a. poorly done or made 劣质的;卑鄙的

n. someone or something that has the same job or
28 counterpart 对应的人或物
purpose as another
极其相似的人
29 parallel n. something that is equal or similar (或情况、事件
等)
30 spontaneous a. doing things that have not been planned but that
seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular 自发的
time
n. careful thought or discussion done in order to
31 deliberation 深思熟虑
make a decision
32 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not serious 反复无常的
a. having or showing an ability to think of new ideas 有创意的;有新
33 inventive
and methods : creative or imaginative 意的
(光、声、味 )
35 faint a. hardly perceptible: DIM
微弱的
n. a sad poem or song : a poem or song that
36 elegy 挽歌;哀歌
expresses sorrow for someone who is dead
a. difficult to understand : having or seeming to
37 cryptic 晦涩难懂的
have a hidden meaning
a. intended to make someone believe something
38 deceptive 骗人的
that is not true
39 elusive
v. to hold the attention of (someone) entirely : to
40 mesmerize interest or amaze (someone) so much that nothing 迷住;吸引
else is seen or noticed
42 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be perceived 可察觉到的
Section 103
号
1 archetype n. the original pattern or model of which all things of 典型
the same type are representations or copies:
PROTOTYPE
2 incendiary a. containing chemicals that explode into flame : 纵火的;能
producing a fire 引起燃烧的
a. causing anger 煽动性的
4 dazzling a. brilliantly or showily bright, colorful, or impressive 辉煌的;灿
烂的
5 candid a. expressing opinions and feelings in an honest and 直言不讳的
sincere way
6 replicable a. capable of replication 可复制的
7 postpone v. to decide that something which had been planned 延迟;延期
for a particular time will be done at a later time
instead
8 ascertain v. to find out with certainty 查明;弄清
9 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, such as a 避免
law or rule)
13 adverse a. bad or unfavorable: not good 不利的;有
害的
14 foreseen v. to see or become aware of (something that has 预料;预见
not yet happened)
less painful, etc.
16 shun v. to avoid (someone or something) 避免
18 tragic a. involving very sad or serious topics : of or relating 悲惨的;悲
to tragedy 痛的
19 interject v. to interrupt what someone else is saying with (a 打断(别人
comment, remark, etc.) 的讲话)
20 rhetoric a. language that is intended to influence people and 华而不实的
that may not be honest or reasonable 言语
21 dispassionate a. not influenced by strong feeling or personal 冷静的;不
involvement: CALM, IMPARTIAL 带偏见的
25 eloquent a. having or showing clear and forceful expression 口才流利的
26 verbose a. using more words than are needed 冗长的;啰
唆的
27 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不

需要的
28 long-winded a. using too many words in speaking or writing 啰嗦的
29 curt a. said or done in a quick and impolite way 简短而失礼
的
30 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平
spiritual things 凡的
32 implacable a. opposed to someone or something in a very angry 无法安抚的
or determined way that cannot be changed
33 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : appealing or 外表吸引人
attractive 的
34 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平
庸的
35 unruffled a. not upset or disturbed 镇定的;沉
着的
36 trumpet v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly 大声宣扬
especially in a way that is annoying
37 sanctuary n. a place where someone or something is protected 保护;避难
or given shelter 所
39 startle v. to surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly and 使惊吓
usually not seriously
40 blunt a. saying or expressing something in a very direct 直言不讳的
way that may upset some people
41 ingratiate v. to gain favor or approval for (yourself) by doing or 讨好;巴结
saying things that people like
43 unctuous a. used to describe someone who speaks and 谄媚的;拍
behaves in a way that is meant to seem friendly and 马奉迎的
polite but that is unpleasant because it is obviously
not sincere
44 vitriol n. harsh and angry words 尖酸刻薄
45 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound important 华而不实的
or impressive but is not sincere or meaningful 言辞
Section 104
号
1 tenor n . the highest adult male singing voice 男高音
2 self-effacing a. not trying to get attention or praise for yourself 谦逊的
or your abilities
3 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a piece of 颂词
writing) that praises someone or something
4 vainglorious a. having or showing too much pride in your 自负的;自命不
abilities or achievements 凡的
5 discursive a. talking or writing about many different things in 离题的
a way that is not highly organized
6 divergent a. differing from each other or from a standard 不同的
10 voluminous very large : containing a lot of space 很大的
12 nuance n. a very small difference in color, tone, meaning, 细微差别
etc.
13 unyielding a. not changing or stopping 顽强不屈的
14 dwarf v. to make (something) look very small or 矮小
unimportant when compared with something else
15 exotic a. very different, strange, or unusual 外来的
16 quantum n. physics : the smallest amount of many forms of 量子
energy (such as light)
17 photon n. physics: a tiny particle of light or electromagnetic 光子
radiation
18 crack v. to break (something) so that there are lines in its 裂开
surface but it is usually not separated into pieces
19 pernicious a. causing great harm or damage often in a way 有害的
that is not easily seen or noticed
20 mundane a. relating to ordinary life on earth rather than to 世俗的;平凡的
spiritual things
21 tough a. physically strong and violent 强硬的
22 distinguished a. known by many people because of some quality 杰出的;著名的
or achievement
23 intrepid a. feeling no fear: very bold or brave 无畏的;勇敢的
24 self-imposed a. required by you of yourself : not given to you by 自愿负担的
someone else
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to 使(金属)回火
26 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和 ( 的 ); 适度
(的)
28 preempt v. to take the place of (something) 抢占

30 preface v. to introduce (a piece of writing, a speech, a 为…写序言
remark, etc.) by writing or saying something
drug problem, etc.
admire)
33 safeguard v. to make (someone or something) safe or secure 保护
34 cap n. an upper limit 最高限额
elements
38 tedious a. boring and too slow or long 冗长的; 单调
乏味的
40 vacuous a. having or showing a lack of intelligence or 空洞无物的
serious thought : lacking meaning, importance, or
substance
41 tortuous a. complicated, long, and confusing or having 冗长费解的;弯
many twists and turns 曲的
42 formulaic a. being not original and having been used many 老套的，公式
times before in similar situations 化的
Section 105
序
号
逐渐削弱
v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less
2 undermine （信心、权
effective usually in a secret or gradual way
威等）
恢复使用;
4 resurrect v. to bring (a dead person) back to life
使复兴
5 topple v. to remove (a government or a leader) from power 推翻
v. to praise (something) loudly and publicly especially 大声宣扬
6 trumpet
in a way that is annoying
7 thrift n. careful use of money so that it is not wasted 节约
n. the act or process of using up something (as food
8 consumption 消费
or coal)
n. the quality that makes it possible to see through
透明
something
9 transparency
n. the quality that makes something obvious or easy
通俗易懂
to understand
在其他方
10 otherwise adv. in a different way or manner; in other respects 面; 以其他
方式
11 insipid a. dull or boring 枯燥的
a. capable of being passed to someone else by germs
12 infectious 传染性的
that enter the body
13 innocuous
a. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress 吹毛求疵的
14 captious
faults and raise objections
v. to make (someone) pleased and satisfied : to make
15 content 满意
(someone) content
16 forsake v. to give up or leave (someone or something) entirely 抛弃，遗弃
a. having or showing the unpleasant quality of people
18 pretentious who want to be regarded as more impressive, 自命不凡的
successful, or important than they really are
a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端的
19 provocative
n. a record of the order in which a series of events 年代学;
20 chronology
happened
发生的事情
n. an unexpected and usually unpleasant thing that (尤指不寻
21 incident
happens 常的或讨厌
的)
a. being such in appearance : plausible rather than 表面上的
22 ostensible
demonstrably true or real
23 candor n. the quality of being open, sincere, and honest 坦率，正直
忧虑的;担
24 fraught a. causing or having a lot of emotional stress or worry
心的
v. to look at or see (something or someone) for a very
25 glimpse 瞥
short time
26 approximation n. something that is similar to something else 类似事物
n. something that comes before something else and
27 precursor 先驱
that often leads to or influences its development
29 concision a. the quality or state of being concise 简洁;简明
a. causing very great excitement or interest with 轰动的;引
30 sensational
shocking details 起哗然的
v. to influence or persuade (a person or animal) to do 哄劝;劝诱
31 coax
something by talking in a gentle and friendly way
32 sensory a. of or relating to your physical senses 感觉的
a. not always good : good in some parts or at some
34 spotty 时好时坏的
times but not others
35 elusive
36 riveting a. very exciting or interesting 吸引人的
a. causing someone to become very upset in a way
37 traumatic that can lead to serious mental and emotional 痛苦的
problems
例行的;日
38 routine a. a regular way of doing things in a particular order
常的
v. to make (something) less severe, harmful, or
43 mitigate 减少，减轻
painful
44 curtail v. to reduce or limit 削减
v. to make (information) known: to give (information)
45 divulge 泄露
to someone
a. no longer used because something newer exists :
47 obsolete 过时的
replaced by something newer
v. to cause (someone or something) to seem 使被怀疑
48 discredit
dishonest or untrue
a. no longer useful or acceptable : not modern or 过时的
49 outmoded
current
v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start or
50 initiate 开始
begin (something)
v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, less
51 ameliorate 改善
painful, etc.
v. to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or 减轻（罪
53 extenuate extent of (something, such as a fault or offense) by
行、过错）
making partial excuses : MITIGATE
v. to make (an injury, problem, etc.) more serious or 使严重;使

54 aggravate
severe 恶化
Section 106
号
1 marginal a. not very important 不重要的
a. not included in the main part of society or of a 边缘的
group
3 efficacious a. having the power to produce a desired result or （药、措施
effect 等）有效的
likely
6 migratory a. moving from one place to another at different 迁徙的
times of the year : migrating regularly
7 scatter v. to cause (things or people) to separate and go in 使分散
different directions
8 plummet v. to fall suddenly straight down especially from a 暴跌;速降
very high place
9 dispersal n. the process or result of the spreading of 分散
organisms from one place to another
10 displace v. to take the job or position of (someone or 替代
something)
12 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or unpleasant is going 忧虑的;担心
to happen : feeling or showing fear or apprehension 的
about the future
13 apathetic a. not having or showing much emotion or interest 冷淡的;无兴
趣的
16 successive a. following one after the other in a series : 连续的
following each other without interruption
18 unparalleled a. not found elsewhere: never seen or experienced 空前的
before
20 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something that 蔑视
you do not think deserves your respect, attention,
affection, etc.)
21 ponder v. to think about or consider (something) carefully 沉思
22 litigant n. a person who is involved in a lawsuit : someone 诉讼当事人
who is suing another person or is being sued by
another person
23 tort n. an action that wrongly causes harm to someone 侵权行为(不
but that is not a crime and that is dealt with in a civil 构成刑事犯
court 罪但可引起
民事诉讼)

each other
25 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或
经验的
27 adduce v. to mention or provide (something, such as a fact 举出(证据、
or example) as evidence or proof to support an 理由、事实
argument 等)
28 obfuscate v. to make (something) more difficult to understand 困惑
31 dismal a. very bad or poor 忧郁的;凄凉
的
32 consummate v. to make (something) perfect or complete 使完整;使完
美
v. to make (a marriage or romantic relationship) (初次)同房
complete by having sex
33 oracular a. of, relating to, or being an oracle 神谕般的; 高
深莫测的
likely
37 comprehensible a. able to be understood 可理解的;能
懂的
39 annihilate v. to destroy (something or someone) completely 歼灭
40 transcend v. to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of 超越
(something)
41 experimental a. relating to a scientific experiment or to scientific 实验的
experiments in
general
a. using a new way of doing or thinking about 创新的
something
42 acclaim v. to praise (someone or something) in a very 高度评价
strong and enthusiastic way
43 overarch v. to form an arch over （在上面）
做成拱形
44 meld v. merge, blend 合并
45 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or less 逐渐削弱
effective usually in a secret or gradual way （信心、权
威等）
47 spearhead n. a person, thing, or group that organizes or leads 先锋
something (such as a movement or attack)
Section 107
号
1 inconceivable a. impossible to imagine or believe : not 难以想象的
conceivable
3 clot v. to become thick and partly solid : to develop clots (血或乳脂)凝
结成块
4 susceptible a. easily affected, influenced, or harmed by 易受…影响
something 的
5 destabilize v. to cause (something, such as a government) to 使不稳定
be unable to continue existing or working in the
usual or desired way : to make (something)
unstable
6 hagiography n. a book about someone's life that makes it seem 吹捧性的传
better than it really is or was : a biography that 记;偶像化(或
praises someone too much 理想化)传记
7 disclosure n. the act of making something known : the act of 揭露
disclosing something
8 hyperbole n. language that describes something as better or 夸张
worse than it really is
9 retraction n. a statement saying that something you said or 撤销;收回
wrote at an earlier time is not true or correct
10 muckrake v. to search out and publicly expose real or 揭发贪污腐
apparent misconduct of a prominent individual or 化; 揭发黑幕
business
11 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含蓄
speech 的
12 heliocentric a. having or relating to the sun as the center 日心的
13 oblique a. not direct : not stated directly 不直截了当
的;拐弯抹角
的
14 devise v. to invent or plan (something that is difficult or 发明;想出
complicated)
15 massive a. very large and heavy 巨大的
16 elongate v. to make (something) longer or to grow longer 伸长;拉长
17 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be more 竞争对手
successful than another
18 monopoly n. complete control of the entire supply of goods or 垄断
of a service in a certain area or market
19 irrespective a. lacking in respect: disrespectful 不考虑
20 conducive a. making it easy, possible, or likely for something 有助于…的
to happen or exist
21 subsidize v. to help someone or something pay for the costs 给…发津贴
of (something)
22 trivialize v. to make (something) seem less important or 使显得琐碎
serious than it actually is （或不重
要、不难
等）
23 upraise v. to raise or lift up 升（提）高

24 gall v. to make (someone) feel annoyed or angry 使烦恼
nature
26 unwitting a. not aware of what is really happening 不知情的
27 exaggeration n. the state of thinking of or describing something 夸张
as larger or greater than it really is
29 misnomer n. a name that is wrong or not proper or 使用不恰当
appropriate (或不准确)的
名称
30 enigma n. someone or something that is hard to 费解的事物
understand
31 pilgrim 朝圣的人
32 veneration n. a feeling of deep respect 尊敬
34 reverence n. honor or respect that is felt for or shown to 崇敬
35 acclamation 赞成
contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something
or someone
painful
39 engender v. to be the source or cause of (something) 产生
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) to 使(金属)回火
41 induce v. to cause (something) to happen or exist 引起;导致
43 jubilation n. great happiness or joy 欢欣鼓舞
44 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中
an indifferent attitude or feeling 立
going to happen
48 retrenchment n. reduction, curtailment (开支的)紧
缩，削减
50 renaissance n. the period of European history between the 14th 文艺复兴
and 17th centuries when there was a new interest
in science and in ancient art and literature
especially in Italy
Section 108
号
1 disperse v. to go or move in different directions: to spread （使）分散
apart
2 eradicate v. to remove (something) completely : to eliminate 根除;消灭;
or destroy (something harmful)
3 sequester v. to keep (a person or group) apart from other 隔离(避免陪
people 审团与公众
接触)
4 respire v. breathe 呼吸
5 paradigmatic a. constituting, serving as, or worthy of being a 范例的
pattern to be imitated
8 irreducible a. not able to be made smaller or simpler 无法简化的
9 cognitive a. of, relating to, or involving conscious mental 感知的
activities (such as thinking, understanding,
learning, and remembering)
10 rendering n. an expression or piece of writing or speech is a 翻译作品;翻
translation of it 译
13 a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way
自然的
spontaneous a. doing things that have not been planned but that
seem enjoyable and worth doing at a particular 自发的
time
15 replicable a. capable of replication 可复制的
16 obese n. very fat : fat in a way that is unhealthy 虚胖的;病态
肥胖的
18 attenuate v. to make (something) weaker or less in amount, 衰减；变薄
effect, or force
19 coincidence n. a situation in which events happen at the same 巧合
time in a way that is not planned or expected
20 contingency n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发(或不
happen 测、意外)事
件
21 hasty a. done or made very quickly 匆忙的
22 extravagant a. more than is usual, necessary, or proper 过度的
23 painstaking a. showing or done with great care and effort 需细心的;辛
苦的
25 evocative a. bringing thoughts, memories, or feelings into the 唤起的

mind
26 impulsive a. doing things or tending to do things suddenly 冲动的
28 volatile a. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme way 易变的
29 perceptive a. having or showing an ability to understand or 有洞察力的;
notice something easily or quickly 思维敏捷的
30 milieu n. the physical or social setting in which people live 环境
or in which something happens or develops
equally
Section 109
号
1 invaluable a. extremely valuable or useful 极宝贵的
3 versatility n. the quality or state of having many uses or being 用途广泛
able to do many different kinds of things
4 distinctive a. having a quality or characteristic that makes a 与众不同的
person or thing
5 despot n. a ruler who has total power and who often uses 残暴;暴虐
that power in cruel and unfair ways
6 aristocrat n. a member of an aristocracy 贵族
9 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes (引起混乱的 )
a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 剧变
10 negligible a. very small or unimportant 不重要的
confidence
12 inconclusive a. not showing that something is certainly true : not 无定论的;不确
conclusive 定的
13 revive v. to make (someone or something) strong, (使 )苏醒，复
healthy, or active again 活
15 consummate v. to make (something) perfect or complete 使完整;使完美
v. to make (a marriage or romantic relationship) (初次)同房
complete by having sex
19 paucity n. an amount that is less than what is needed or 缺乏
wanted
20 emancipate v. to free (someone) from someone else's control 解放
or power
21 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or art (文学、艺术、
电影或音乐的)
体裁
23 factuality n. relating to or based on facts 真实性
24 veracity n. truth or accuracy 真实性
25 thorough a. including every possible part or detail 彻底的；完全
的
27 precipitation n. water that falls to the ground as rain, snow, etc. 降水，降水量
28 compound v. to make (something, such as an error or 使恶化
problem) worse : to add to (something bad)

29 jeopardy n. exposure to or imminence of death, loss, or 危险
injury : DANGER
30 regular a. happening or done very often 频繁的;经常做
(或发生)的
32 skepticism n. an attitude of doubting the truth of something 怀疑态度
(such as a claim or statement)
33 scold v. a person who often criticizes other people in an 责骂
angry way
34 approbation n. praise or approval 赞赏
35 admonish v. to speak to (someone) in a way that expresses 训诫, 轻责
disapproval or criticism
v. to tell or urge (someone) to do something 力劝
36 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of someone or 赞扬
something
admire)
equally
42 facilitate v. to make (something) easier : to help cause 促进
(something)
43 deter v. to prevent (something) from happening 阻止
45 lament v. to express sorrow, regret, or unhappiness about 悲叹
something
Section 110
号
2 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than one 有歧义的
way
3 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as 固执己见的，教
if they are certainly correct and cannot be 条的
doubted
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
weak, or uncertain
5 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and hold 引人入胜的
your attention
6 plausible a. possibly true 貌似有理的
7 bias n. a tendency to believe that some people, 偏见
ideas, etc., are better than others that usually
results in treating some people unfairly
8 earnest a. serious and sincere : not lighthearted or 非常认真的; 真诚
playful 的
9 rigor n. the quality or state of being very exact, 缜密;严谨
careful, or strict
10 comprehend v. to understand (something, such as a 理解
difficult or complex subject)
11 validate v. to state or show that something is legal or 确认;确证
official
12 partiality n. an unfair tendency to treat one person, 偏袒
group, or thing better than another
13 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, 证实
theory, etc.) by providing information or
evidence
14 genre n. a particular type or category of literature or (文学、艺术、电
art 影或音乐的)体裁
16 suspense n. a feeling or state of nervousness or (对即将发生的事
excitement caused by wondering what will 等的)担心;焦虑
happen
remembering something from the past and
wishing that you could experience it again
n. the state of being homesick: 思乡
homesickness
18 suspense n. a feeling or state of nervousness or (对即将发生的事
excitement caused by wondering what will 等的)担心;焦虑
happen
20 wander v. to move around or go to different places 闲逛;徘徊
usually without having a particular purpose
or direction
22 overrate v. to rate, value, or praise (someone or 对…评价过高

something) too highly
23 imperative a. very important 必要的
25 counterproductive a. not helpful : making the thing you want to 事与愿违
happen less likely to happen
26 tactician n. someone who is good at making plans in 有策略的人
order to achieve particular goals
things and to make good judgments:
mentally sharp or clever
29 canny a. very clever and able to make intelligent 精明谨慎的
decisions
30 rigid a. not easily changed 严格的，刻板的
should be the same
33 incongruous a. strange because of not agreeing with what 不相称的
is usual or expected
36 amusing a. causing laughter or enjoyment : funny or 有乐趣的;好笑的
enjoyable
Section 111
号
1 guardian n. someone or something that watches or protects 保护者
something
2 successor n. a person who has a job, position, or title after 继任者
someone else : someone who succeeds another
person
4 gadfly n. someone who annoys people by being very 讨人厌者
critical
5 pandemonium n. a situation in which a crowd of people act in a 群情沸腾
wild, uncontrolled, or violent way because they
are afraid, excited, or confused
6 foment v. to cause or try to cause the growth or 激起，煽动
development of (something bad or harmful)
7 boo v. to show dislike or disapproval of someone or 喝倒彩
something by shouting "Boo" slowly
8 rile v. to make (someone) angry : to irritate or annoy 激怒
(someone)
9 unperturbed a. calm and relaxed : not upset or worried 镇静的；镇定
的
10 detach v. to separate (yourself) from someone or （使）分开
something
11 tundra / 苔原（树木不
生，底土常年
冰冻的北极地
区）
12 spongy a. soft and full of holes or water : resembling a 柔软吸水的
sponge
13 permafrost / (寒带)永冻土
层
14 recede v. to move back or away; to grow less or smaller 逐渐远离
(something)
17 dire a. very bad : causing great fear or worry 极差的
19 infection n. the act or process of infecting someone or 传染
something : the state of being infected
20 meningitis / 脑膜炎
21 lungworm / 肺线虫
22 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something else 同时发生
23 contain v. to keep within limits : RESTRAIN, CHECK 抑制(感情)
drug problem, etc.
26 pernicious a. causing great harm or damage often in a way 有害的

that is not easily seen or noticed
27 antiquity n. ancient times 古老
cheated
31 cede v. to give control of (something) to another
割让;让给
32 initiate v. to cause the beginning of (something) : to start
开始
35 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many complicated 官僚主义的
rules and ways of doing things
36 disinformation n. false information that is given to people in order 虚假信息
to make them believe something or to hide the
truth
37 mendacity n. lack of honesty: the condition of being 谎言
mendacious
38 panic a. a situation that causes many people to become 恐慌
afraid and to rush to do something
39 superficial a. concerned only with what is obvious or
粗略的
a. affecting only the outer part or surface of
肤浅的
41 inconsistent a. not compatible with another fact or claim 前后不一致的
42 far-fetched a. not likely to happen or be true 牵强的
Section 112
号
1 dub v. NICKNAME 给…起绰号
2 reprehensible a. very bad : deserving very strong criticism 应受指责的
3 eccentric a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异乎寻常的
4 compulsory a. required by a law or rule 必须做的，强制的
5 innovative a. introducing or using new ideas or 创新的
methods
6 unconscionable a. extremely bad, unfair, or wrong 违背良心的;过分的
7 acquaintance n. knowledge about something (对某事物的)了解
8 n. someone who is known but who is not a 熟人；
close friend
9 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) 击败
completely
10 n. the feeling or belief that you are better, 利己主义
egotism more important, more talented, etc., than
other people
11 magnanimity (尤指对被自己击败
n. the quality of being generous and noble 或曾欺凌过自己的人
的)宽宏大量
12 profligate a. carelessly and foolishly wasting money, 挥霍的;浪费的
materials, etc. : very wasteful
13 wobble (使)摇摆
14 painstaking a. showing or done with great care and 需细心的;辛苦的
effort
15 demur v. to disagree politely with another person's 反对
statement or suggestion
16 acquiesce v. to accept, agree, or allow something to 默许
happen by staying silent or by not arguing
17 expatriate v. BANISH, EXILE 放逐;流放
18 ascent n. the act or process of rising, moving, or 上升
climbing up
19 assuage v. to make (something, such as an 缓和，减轻
unpleasant feeling) less painful, severe, etc.
20 qualm n. a feeling of doubt or uncertainty about 顾虑，不安
whether you are doing the right thing
22 disposable a. made to be thrown away after use 一次性的
23 nonchalance n. the state of being relaxed and free from 无动于衷，冷淡
concern or excitement
24 permanent a. lasting or continuing for a very long time 永恒的
or forever : not temporary or changing
26 mundane a. brilliantly or showily bright, colorful, or 辉煌的;灿烂的
impressive
28 epitome n. a perfect example : an example that 典型;典范
represents or expresses something very
well
29 scornful a. feeling or showing scorn 轻蔑的;鄙夷的

30 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and high 恭敬的
regard due a superior or an elder
32 snobbish a. having or showing the attitude of people 势利的;自命不凡的
who think they are better than other people :
of or relating to people who are snobs
33 elitism n. leadership or rule by an elite 精英主义
34 collegial a. marked by power or authority vested 集体组织的
equally in each of a number of colleagues
35 even-tempered a. not easily upset or made angry 性情平和的
36 facile a. too simple : not showing enough thought 轻率作出的
or effort
37 whimsical a. unusual in a playful or amusing way : not
反复无常的
serious
ingenuity
39 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普通的
exceptional
40 vicious a. very violent and cruel 狂暴的
41 perspicacity n. having or showing an ability to notice and 敏锐的洞察力
understand things that are difficult or not
obvious
42 impartiality n. treating all people and groups equally:
公正
not partial or biased
45 discernment n. an act of perceiving or discerning 洞察力
something
46 mask v. to officially accept or allow (something) 支持
47 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely 诚实
honest
48 dissemblance n. lack of resemblance : DISSIMILITUDE 伪装；虚饰
49 rectitude n. the quality of being honest and morally 公正;正直
correct
50 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity
天真的
and candidness
51 acute a. having or showing an ability to think 敏锐的
clearly and to understand what is not
obvious or simple about something
54 a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
weak, or uncertain
55 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or 夸大（某事）
56 unrelenting a. not slowing down, stopping, or growing 持续的;不缓和的
weaker
57 wily a. full of clever tricks : very clever 诡计多端的
58 supplant v. to take the place of (someone or 代替

something that is old or no longer used or
accepted)
59 aspire v. to want to have or achieve something 渴望(成就)
(such as a particular career or level of
success)
60 catchy a. appealing and easy to remember 悦耳易记的
61 novel a. new and different from what has been 创新的
known before
62 slogan n. a word or phrase that is easy to 标语;口号
remember and is used by a group or
business to attract attention
63 falsehood n. the quality of not being true or accurate: 虚假
false quality
comprehended
Section 113
号
1 domestic a. relating to or involving someone's 家用的
home or family
2 insurrection n. a usually violent attempt to take 叛乱;暴动
control of a government
3 stir v. to mix (something) by making circular 搅拌
movements in it with a spoon or similar
object
4 squelch v. to stop (something) from continuing 遏制;限制
by doing or saying something
6 fathom v. to understand the reason for 理解
(something)
7 elation n. the quality or state of being filled with 兴高采烈
joy or pride
8 overblown a. made to seem larger, more 夸张的
impressive or more important than it
really is
9 postulate v. to suggest (something, such as an 假定;假设
idea or theory) especially in order to
start a discussion
10 untoward a. not proper or appropriate 异常的
11 unqualified a. not modified or restricted by 无限制的
reservations: complete
13 irreversible a. impossible to change back to a 无法复原(或挽回)的
previous condition or state
14 dogma n. a belief or set of beliefs that is 教条
accepted by the members of a group
without being questioned or doubted
15 facilitate v. to make (something) easier : to help 促进
cause (something)
16 indecorous a. not decorous : conflicting with 不得体的;不适当的
accepted standards of good conduct or
good taste
17 crab v. COMPLAIN 发牢骚；抱怨
18 interfere v. to get in the way of as an obstacle 妨碍
20 explicit a. very clear and complete : leaving no 直言的; 易于理解的
doubt about the meaning
21 gut-level / 本能的
22 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a (给无实际治疗需要者
patient like a drug but that has no 的)安慰剂
physical effect on the patient
23 pharmacological / 药理学的
24 inert a. unable to move 无活动能力的
26 antidote n. a substance that stops the harmful 解毒剂
effects of a poison
27 contest n. & v. an event in which people try to 竞争

win by doing something better than
others
30 settle v. to end (something, such as an 解决（分歧、纠纷等）
argument) by reaching an agreement
a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, 站不住脚的
weak, or uncertain
32 vulnerable a. easily hurt or harmed physically, 脆弱的
mentally, or emotionally
34 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or 多余的;不需要的
normal
36 pedigree n. the history of the family members in a 血统; 起源
person's or animal's past especially
when it is good or impressive
37 antecedent a. earlier in time 在先的
38 novel a. new and different from what has 创新的
been known before
Section 114
号
2 denounce v. to publicly state that someone or something is 谴责;指责
bad or wrong
a. difficult to understand; likely to be understood by 深奥难懂的
only a few people
with certainty
4 corroborate v. to support or help prove (a statement, theory, 证实
5 anatomize v. ANALYZE 剖析
6 explicate v. to explain or analyze (something, such as an 详细解释
idea or work of literature)
7 degrade v. to make the quality of (something) worse 降低，削弱
(尤指质量)
9 revive v. to make (someone or something) strong, healthy, (使)苏醒，复
or active again 活
dishonest 私的
13 pragmatism n. a reasonable and logical way of doing things or 实用主义
of thinking about problems that is based on dealing
with specific situations instead of on ideas and
theories
14 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and welfare 无私心的
of other people rather than for yourself
15 adamant a. not willing to change an opinion or decision : 坚决的;坚定
very determined 不移的
16 prejudice n. an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group 偏见;成见
because of race, sex, religion, etc.
18 bisect v. to divide (something) into two equal parts 二等分
19 demarcate v. to show the limits or edges of (something) 标出…的界
线
20 elucidate v. to make (something that is hard to understand) 阐明
clear or easy to understand
21 evince v. to show (something) clearly 显示(感情或
品质)
22 panoply n. a group or collection that is impressive because 巨大的数量

it is so big or because it includes so many different (或收藏品)
kinds of people or things
23 dearth n. the state or condition of not having enough of 缺乏
something
24 hallow v. to set apart for holy purposes : treat as sacred 视……为神
圣
25 unassailable a. not able to be doubted, attacked, or questioned 不容置疑的
26 betoken v. to show (something) : to be a sign of (something) 表示
28 quell v. to end or stop (something) usually by using force 镇压
30 signify v. to be a sign of (something) : to mean 说明;预示
(something)
31 inchoate a. not completely formed or developed yet 初期的;不成
熟的
32 unexceptional a. not unusually good, interesting, etc.: not 不突出的;普
exceptional 通的
33 ungainly a. moving in an awkward or clumsy way : not 笨手笨脚的
graceful
34 preternatural a. very unusual in a way that does not seem natural 超自然的;难
以解释的
35 prodigious a. very big 巨大的
37 a. not graceful （行动）笨
拙的
38 redundant a. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的;不需
要的
40 derogatory a. expressing a low opinion of someone or 贬低的;贬义
something : showing a lack of respect for someone 的
or something
Section 115
号
2 deliberate a. done or said in a way that is planned or 故意的;慎重的
intended: done or said on purpose; done or
3 repetitive a. happening again and again : repeated many 多次重复的
times
4 stringent a. very strict or severe 严格的
describe, etc.
6 perceptible a. able to be seen or noticed : able to be 可察觉到的
perceived
7 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient (给无实际治疗
like a drug but that has no physical effect on the 需要者的)安慰
patient 剂
8 efficacy n. the power to produce a desired result or effect (尤指药物或治
疗方法的)功效
9 boon n. something pleasant or helpful : a benefit or 益处
advantage
10 touchstone n. something that is used to make judgments 检验标准
about the quality of other things
progress
12 deviation n. an action, behavior, or condition that is 背离;偏离
different from what is usual or expected
13 soothsayer n. someone who makes predictions about what 预言者
is going to happen in the future
14 evangelist n. a person and especially a preacher who tries (基督教)布道者
to convince people to become Christian
16 barber / 理发师
17 self- a. acting or intended to enhance one's power, 自我扩张的
aggrandizing wealth, position, or reputation
18 self-defeating a. serving or tending to defeat oneself or itself 弄巧成拙的，不
利于自己的企图
的
20 gourmet n. a person who enjoys and knows a lot about 美食家
good food and wine
21 palate n. the sense of taste 品尝力
24 implication n. a possible future effect or result 可能的影响(或
作用、结果)
25 jeopardize v. to put (something or someone) in danger 损害

a. easy to notice or understand 明显的, 清楚的
30 recalcitrant a. stubbornly refusing to obey rules or orders 难以控制的
31 tedious a. boring and too slow or long 冗长的; 单调乏
味的
v. to damage or weaken (something) 危害/
33 tiresome a. causing you to feel bored, annoyed, or 烦人的
impatient
34 inadequate a. not enough or not good enough 不充足的
35 futile a. having no result or effect : pointless or 无效的
useless
36 reckless a. not showing proper concern about the 鲁莽的;不计后
possible bad results of your actions 果的
38 sanctuary n. a place where someone or something is 保护;避难所
protected or given shelter
39 obtuse a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think clearly 迟钝的;愚蠢的
or to understand what is obvious or simple
40 comprehend v. to understand (something, such as a difficult 理解
or complex subject)
42 fathom v. to understand the reason for (something) 理解
43 underestimate v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
Section 116
号
1 demographic / 人口统计学的
2 static a. showing little or no change, action, or 静止的
progress
3 enervate v. to make (someone or something) very 使衰弱
weak or tired
4 intransigent a. completely unwilling to change: very 坚持的，不妥协的
stubborn
5 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to 即将倒闭的
failure
6 supple a. able to bend or twist easily 易弯曲的
7 occlude v. to close up or block off 堵塞
something)
v. to prove (someone or something) 证明…有误
wrong
10 ambiguous a. able to be understood in more than 有歧义的
one way
11 esoteric a. only taught to or understood by 深奥难懂的
members of a special group: hard to
understand
12 provisional a. existing or accepted for the present 临时的
time but likely to be changed
14 contentious a. likely to cause people to argue or 引起争议的
disagree
15 outlaw v. to make (something) illegal 宣布…不合法
16 emblem n. an object or picture used to suggest a 象征;标志
thing that cannot be shown
18 apparel n. clothing of a particular kind (商店出售的)衣服，服
装
19 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most 不出名的
people
a. difficult to understand; likely to be 深奥难懂的
a. difficult or impossible to know 模糊的
completely and with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in 掩盖，使模糊
front of (something) so that it cannot be
seen
(something)
22 pomposity n. a pompous gesture, habit, or act 自负;自命不凡
23 bureaucratic a. using or connected with many 官僚主义的

complicated rules and ways of doing
things
24 baroque a. having many details or too many 复杂精美的
details
25 declamatory a. expressing feelings or opinions in a 慷慨陈词的
way that is loud and forceful
26 decadent a. marked by decay or decline 堕落的;颓废的
27 claustrophobic / 患幽闭恐怖症的
28 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : 外表吸引人的
appealing or attractive
29 atavistic / 返祖性的
30 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant 自命不凡的
quality of people who want to be
regarded as more impressive, successful,
or important than they really are
31 ascetic a. relating to having a strict and simple 禁欲的
way of living that avoids
physical pleasure
32 grandiose a. seeming to be impressive or intended 华而不实的; 浮夸的
to be impressive but not really possible or
practical
33 understate v. to say that (something) is smaller, less 轻描淡写;避重就轻
important, etc., than it really is
34 appealing a. pleasing or attractive 吸引人的
35 intricate a. having many complexly interrelating 复杂的
parts or elements
36 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or 同类的
things
37 equivalent a. having the same value, use, meaning, 相等的，相同的
etc.
40 irony n. a situation that is strange or funny 讽刺
because things happen in a way that
seems to be the opposite of what you
expected
41 delight n. a strong feeling of happiness : great 愉快
pleasure or satisfaction
42 paradox n. something (such as a situation) that is 悖论
made up of two opposite things and that
seems impossible but is actually true or
possible
43 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平庸的
44 reassure v. to make (someone) feel less afraid, 打消…的疑虑
upset, or doubtful
46 overwhelm v. to defeat (someone or something) 击败
completely
47 revolt v&n. violent action against a ruler or 暴乱
government
48 divest v. to deprive or dispossess especially of 使摆脱

property, authority, or title
49 enamor v. to cause (someone) to be loved or 使倾心，使迷恋
admired
50 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not 避免
think it is right, proper, etc.
51 resilience n. the ability of something to return to its 快速恢复的能力
original shape after it has been pulled,
stretched, pressed, bent, etc.
52 self-assurance n. onfidence in yourself and your abilities 自信;胸有成竹
Section 117
号
1 bankruptcy n. the state of not having enough money to pay debts 破产
2 penance n. something that you do or are given to do in order to 补赎;悔罪
show that you are sad or sorry about doing something
wrong
4 liability n . a financial obligation : DEBT 欠债;负
债;债务
5 contingency n. something (such as an emergency) that might 偶发(或不
happen 测、意外)
事件
6 bulldozer / 推土机
7 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that causes a (引起混乱
lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 的)剧变
8 coincidental a. happening because of a coincidence : not planned 巧合;碰巧
9 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often improper 精心策划
purpose 的
10 disciplinary a. intended to correct or punish bad behavior : of or 有关纪律
relating to discipline 的
12 formidable a. very difficult to deal with 令人敬畏
的
15 precedent a. a similar action or event that happened at an earlier 先例;传统
time
16 outrage v. extreme anger : a strong feeling of unhappiness 使震怒;激
because of something bad, hurtful, or morally wrong 怒
17 exhilarate v. to cause (someone) to feel very happy and excited 使高兴
18 resentment n. a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or 怨恨
something unfair
20 unyielding a. not changing or stopping 顽强不屈
的
21 amid prep. in or into the middle of (something) 在…过程
中
22 wane v. to become smaller or less : to decrease in size, 衰落;衰败
amount, length, or quality
23 parsimonious a. very unwilling to spend money 吝啬的
24 staggering a. very large, shocking, or surprising 令人难以
相信的
25 condemn v. to say in a strong and definite way that someone or 谴责

something is bad or wrong
26 thrive v. to grow or develop successfully : to flourish or 兴旺发达;
succeed 繁荣
28 imperil v. to put (something or someone) in a dangerous 使陷于危
situation 险;危及
30 distinct a. different from each other 截然不同
的
a. easy to notice or understand 明显的,
清楚的
31 idiosyncratic a. unusual 怪异的
32 sweeping a. including or involving many things 影响广泛
的
33 hurtle v. to move or fall with great speed and force (向某个方
向)飞驰
34 gut v. to destroy the power of (something) : to make 损毁
(something) no longer effective
35 render v. to cause (someone or something) to be in a 使成为
specified condition
36 eviscerate v. to take out the internal organs of (an animal) 沉重打击
37 relish v. to enjoy or take pleasure in (something) 享受
38 mediate v. to get (something, such as a settlement or 调解；为
agreement) by working with opposing sides in a 解决分歧
dispute 找到(方
法)
39 inferable a. being able to form (an opinion) from evidence 能推理的
40 universal n. the quality of being universal 通用性
41 leaven / 酵母
42 mincing a. affectedly dainty or delicate 故作斯文
的;装模作
样的
44 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, etc. 激起争端
的
45 ingratiate v. to gain favor or approval for (yourself) by doing or 讨好;巴结
saying things that people like
46 demanding a. hard to satisfy 苛刻的
47 obsequious a. too eager to help or obey someone important 谄媚的
48 harsh a. severe or cruel : not kind or lenient 恶劣的;艰
苦的
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2 malfeasance n. illegal or dishonest activity especially by a 不法行为
3 upheaval n. a major change or period of change that (引起混乱的)剧
causes a lot of conflict, confusion, anger, etc. 变
4 hypocrisy n. the behavior of people who do things that they 伪善;虚伪
tell other people not to do : behavior that does
not agree with what someone claims to believe
or feel
5 invective n. harsh or insulting words : rude and angry 辱骂
language
6 retrenchment n. reduction, curtailment (开支的)紧缩，
削减
7 despotic a. of, relating to, or characteristic of a despot 残暴的;暴虐的
8 aristocrat n. a member of an aristocracy 贵族
11 effluvium n. an offensive exhalation or smell 废气；恶臭;
12 rebound v. to bounce back off something after hitting it 弹回;反弹
13 insulate v. to prevent (someone or something) from 将…隔离(以免
dealing with or experiencing something : to keep 受外界影响)
(someone or something) separate from
something unpleasant, dangerous, etc.
14 underpin v. to strengthen or support (something) from 加固(墙)基
below
15 cower v. to move back or bend your body down 畏缩，退缩
because you are afraid
16 incite v. to cause (someone) to act in an angry, 煽动;鼓动
harmful, or violent way
true
19 inoculate v. to give (a person or animal) a weakened form 打预防针
of a disease in order to prevent infection by the
disease
20 vocational a. relating to the special skills, training, etc., that 职业的;职业技
you need for a particular job or occupation 术的
21 empirical a. based on testing or experience 基于观察或经验
的
22 salvage v. to save (something valuable or important) : to (对财物等的)抢
prevent the loss of (something) 救
v. to cause (something, such as steel or glass) 使(金属)回火

to become hard or strong by heating it and
cooling it
27 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and 天真的
candidness
28 maladroit a. very awkward : not skillful or adroit 笨拙的
by studying
31 perspicuous a. plain to the understanding especially because 清晰的;清楚的
of clarity and precision of presentation
32 selective a. careful to choose only the best people or 精心选择的
things
33 caveat n. an explanation or warning that should be 警告;告诫
remembered when you are doing or thinking
about something
34 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of what 讽刺的
35 reversal n. a change to an opposite state, condition, 颠倒;彻底转变
decision, etc.
36 vociferous a. expressing feelings or opinions in a very loud 喧嚣的;大叫大
or forceful way : expressed in a very loud or 嚷的
forceful way
37 mess n. a very dirty or untidy state or condition 肮脏;杂乱
38 espouse v. to express support for (a cause, belief, etc.) 支持
39 disregard a. to ignore (something) or treat (something) as 忽视
unimportant
40 lambast v. to criticize (someone or something) very 严厉斥责某人
harshly
41 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免
42 deride v. to talk or write about (someone or something) 嘲笑;愚弄
in a very critical or insulting way : to say that
(someone or something) is ridiculous or has no
value
43 inertia n . lack of movement or activity especially when 缺乏活力;惰性
movement or activity is wanted or needed
44 homogeneous a. made up of the same kind of people or things 同类的
45 metaphor n. a word or phrase for one thing that is used to 隐喻
refer to another thing in order to show or
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(something)
4 halcyon a. very happy and successful 平安幸福的
5 charlatan n. a person who falsely pretends to know or be 骗子
something in order to deceive people
6 malinger v. to pretend to be sick or injured in order to 装病(尤指为逃避工
avoid doing work 作)
7 retribution n. punishment for doing something wrong 惩罚;报应
8 earnest a. serious and sincere : not lighthearted or 非常认真的; 真诚
playful 的
9 crack n. a thin line in the surface of something that is 裂纹;裂缝
broken but not separated into pieces
10 adroit a. very clever or skillful (尤指待人接物)精
明的
12 aphorism n. a short phrase that expresses a true or wise 格言;警句
idea
things and to make good judgments: mentally
sharp or clever
15 riotous a. behaving in a violent and uncontrolled way 骚乱的;暴乱的
18 retinue n. a group of helpers, supporters, or followers 随行人员;扈从
19 piety n. devotion to God : the quality or state of 虔诚
being pious
20 bombast n. speech or writing that is meant to sound 华而不实的言辞
important or impressive but is not sincere or
meaningful
21 altruism n. feelings and behavior that show a desire to 利他主义
help other people and a lack of selfishness
22 sanctimony n. affected or hypocritical holiness 假虔诚;伪善
23 retrieve v. to get and bring (something) back from a 取回;索回
place
24 relinquish v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿地)放
such as power, control, or possession) to 弃
another person or group
26 demise n. the end of something that is thought of as 死亡;逝世

being like a death
27 braggadocio n. the annoying or exaggerated talk of 傲慢;自负
someone who is trying to sound very proud or
brave
28 monarchical a. of or relating to a monarch or monarchy 君主制的
29 revanchism n. REVENGE; especially : a usually political (尤指国家为收复失
policy designed to recover lost territory or 地的)复仇主义
status
30 simmer v. to be filled with a strong feeling that is 充满（难以控制的
difficult to control or hide 感情，尤指愤怒）
31 overshadow v. to cause (something or someone) to seem 使黯然失色；掩盖
less important or impressive when compared
to something or someone else
a. found in most parts of the world and under 世界各地都有的
varied ecological conditions
33 hierarchy n. a system in which people or things are 等级制度
placed in a series of levels with different
importance or status
34 volatility n. a tendency to change quickly and 反复无常
unpredictably
35 retail
36 tout v. to talk about (something or someone) as 吹捧
being very good, effective, skillful, etc.
37 offset v. to create an equal balance between two 抵消
things
38 superlative a. better than all others : SUPREME 卓越的;最优秀的
39 praiseworthy a. deserving praise : worthy of praise 值得表扬的
40 adventitious a. arising or occurring sporadically or in other 偶然发生的
than the usual location
needed)
43 allay v. to make (something) less severe or strong 减轻(尤指情绪)
44 palliate v. to make the effects of (something, such as 减轻，缓和(疾病或
an illness) less painful, harmful, or harsh 不适)
45 ascertain v. to find out with certainty 查明;弄清
46 undermine v. to make (someone or something) weaker or 逐渐削弱（信心、
less effective usually in a secret or gradual way 权威等）
47 paradigm n. being a pattern to be imitated 范例
something: not willing or eager to do
something
49 cede v. to give control of (something) to another 割让;让给
50 dismantle v. to destroy (something) in an orderly way : to (逐渐)废除

gradually cause (something) to come to an end
51 relinquish v. to give up (something) : to give (something, (尤指不情愿地)放
such as power, control, or possession) to 弃
another person or group
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1 bias n. a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, 偏见
etc., are better than others that usually results in
treating some people unfairly
2 intermediary n. a person who works with opposing sides in an 中间人;调解
argument or dispute in order to bring about an 人
agreement
3 rancor n. an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for someone 敌意
who has treated you unfairly
4 immolate v. to kill or destroy (someone or something) by fire 烧死
5 excoriate v. to criticize (someone or something) very harshly 严厉指责
6 parley v. to talk with an enemy or someone you disagree 谈判，会谈
with especially in order to end a conflict
7 exterminate v. to destroy or kill (a group of animals, people, 灭绝;根除
etc.) completely
8 collaborate v. to work with another person or group in order to 合作
achieve or do something
9 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a problem or do 应急办法
something
10 persona n. the way you behave, talk, etc., with other people 假象;人格面
that causes them to see you as a particular kind of 具
person : the image or personality that a person
presents to other people
11 triumph n. a great or important victory; a great success or 胜利
achievement
12 shelve v. to stop doing or thinking about (something) for a 搁置，停止
period of time (计划);
16 doomed v. to make (someone or something) certain to fail, 注定要失败
suffer, die, etc. (或毁灭)
17 paradigm n. being a pattern to be imitated 范例
that is not true
21 parochial a. limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or 狭隘
region): PROVINCIAL, NARROW
22 posterity n. all future generations 子孙;后世
23 equivocation n. deliberate evasiveness in wording : the use of 含糊其辞
ambiguous or equivocal language
24 opprobrium n. very strong disapproval or criticism of a person 谴责
or thing especially by a large number of people
25 infamy n. an evil reputation 臭名昭著;声
名狼藉
26 levity n. a lack of seriousness 轻率的举止

contradictory attitudes or feelings toward something
or someone
29 inherent a. belonging to the basic nature of someone or 固有的;内在
something 的
在的
31 equivalent a. having the same value, use, meaning, etc. 相等的，相
同的
32 resignation n. the feeling that something unpleasant is going to 顺从
happen and cannot be changed
n. an act of giving up a job or position in a formal or 辞职
official way
33 civility n. polite, reasonable, and respectful behavior 礼貌;客气
34 acrimony n. anger and bitterness: harsh or biting sharpness 尖刻犀利
especially of words, manner, or feelings
35 bitter a. having a strong and often unpleasant flavor that 苦的，痛苦
is the opposite of sweet 的痛苦的
going to happen
37 apprehension n. fear that something bad or unpleasant is going to 恐惧
happen : a feeling of being worried about the future
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3 high-minded a. having or showing intelligence and a 高尚的
strong moral character
4 impecunious a. having little or no money 贫穷的; 不名一文的
5 multifarious a. of many and various kinds 多方面的
6 antiquated a. very old and no longer useful, popular, 过时的;陈旧的
or accepted : very old-fashioned or
obsolete
7 distinguish v. to notice or recognize a difference 区别
between people or things
8 indeterminate a. not able to be stated or described in an 不明确的
exact way
9 discriminatory a. not fair: unfairly treating a person or 不公平的
group of people differently from other
people or groups of people
10 extraneous a. not forming a necessary part of 无关的;外来的;
something: not important
11 tectonic a. of or relating to changes in the 地壳构造的
structure of the Earth's surface
12 moribund a. no longer active or effective : close to 即将倒闭的
failure
14 incompatible a. not able to exist together without 不相容的
trouble or conflict
15 remedy n. a way of solving or correcting a 解决方法
problem
18 revere v. to have great respect for (someone or 尊敬;崇敬
something) : to show devotion and honor
to (someone or something)
20 defensible a. able to be thought of as good or 有正当理由的
acceptable
21 conciliatory a. intended to gain goodwill or favor or to 安抚的
reduce hostility
22 pacific a. loving peace : not wanting war or 和平的;爱和平的
conflict
24 banal a. boring or ordinary 平庸的;陈腐的
25 lethargic a. feeling a lack of energy or a lack of 昏睡的
interest in doing things
26 austere a. stern and cold in appearance or 简朴的
manner
27 dovish a. a person who does not want war and 温和派的
does want peace
28 subdued a. not strong, loud, intense, etc. 闷闷不乐的;抑郁的

n. an action that is taken or an order that 制裁
is given to force a country to obey
international laws by limiting or stopping
trade with that country, by not allowing
economic aid for that country, etc.
32 castigate v. to criticize (someone) harshly 严厉批评
33 n. the appearance of a person's face : a 面容;脸色
person's expression
countenance
34 v. to accept, support, or approve of 支持;赞成
(something): sanction
35 perpetuate v. to make perpetual or cause to last 使……永存
indefinitely
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1 controversy n. argument that involves many people 公开辩论
who strongly disagree about something
2 exultant a. very happy and excited 欢欣鼓舞的
3 regress v. to return to an earlier and usually 退化;倒退
worse or less developed condition or
state
5 ingenuous a. showing innocent or childlike simplicity 天真的
and candidness
6 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or 忧虑的;担心的
unpleasant is going to happen : feeling or
showing fear or apprehension about the
future
7 integral a. very important and necessary 不可或缺的
8 fabricate v. to make up for the purpose of 编造;捏造
deception
9 conquest v. the act of taking control of a country, 征服
city, etc., through the use of force
10 indigenous a. produced, living, or existing naturally in 当地的;土生土长的
a particular region or environment
11 ironic a. using words that mean the opposite of 讽刺的
what you really think especially in order
to be funny
13 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, 避免
such as a law or rule)
14 animate a. possessing or characterized by life 有生气
v. to give spirit and support 激励，推动
15 uncivil a. rude or impolite 失礼的;粗鲁的
17 rancor n. an angry feeling of hatred or dislike for 敌意
someone who has treated you unfairly
18 sanitize v. to make (something) free from dirt, 去除…中使人不快的内
infection, disease, etc., by cleaning it : to 容;净化
make (something) sanitary
19 sensationalize v. v to describe or show something in a 故作耸人听闻地夸张;
way that makes it seem more shocking 大肆渲染
than it really is
20 poignant a. causing a strong feeling of sadness 尖锐的;辛酸的
21 undermine v. to make (someone or something) 逐渐削弱（信心、权威
weaker or less effective usually in a 等）
secret or gradual way
22 recoil v. & n. to quickly move away from 畏缩
something that is shocking, frightening, or
disgusting: to react to something with

shock or fear
23 revel v. to take great pleasure 狂欢
24 deliberation n. careful thought or discussion done in 深思熟虑
order to make a decision
25 self-serving a. having or showing concern only about 自私的
your own needs and interests
26 defy v. to confront with assured power of 公然反抗;不服从
resistance
27 entail v. to have (something) as a part, step, or 牵扯
result
28 distract v. to take (attention) away from someone 转移(注意力)
or something
29 deferential a. showing or expressing respect and 恭敬的
high regard due a superior or an elder
30 apprehensive a. afraid that something bad or 忧虑的;担心的
unpleasant is going to happen : feeling or
showing fear or apprehension about the
future
31 inquisitive a. tending to ask questions : having a 好学的;好奇的;兴趣广
desire to know or learn more 泛的
33 succinct a. using few words to state or express an 简明的
idea
34 erudite a. having or showing knowledge that is 博学的
learned by studying
37 unsettle v. to make (someone) nervous, worried, 扰乱;使担忧
or upset
38 reassure v. to make (someone) feel less afraid, 打消…的疑虑
upset, or doubtful
39 dreary a. causing unhappiness or sad feelings : 令人沮丧的;沉闷的
not warm, cheerful, etc.
40 intimidate v. to make (someone) afraid 恐吓;威胁
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1 commandeer v. to take (something, such as a vehicle or 征用;强占
building) by force especially for military purposes
2 conscience n. the part of the mind that makes you aware of 良心;良知
your actions as being either morally right or
wrong
3 garner v. to collect or gather (something) 获得，得到
complete
5 oblivious a. not conscious or aware of someone or 未注意
something
6 prerogative n. a right or privilege 特权;优先权
9 abet v. to actively second and encourage (something, 煽动;怂恿
such as an activity or plan)
10 underestimat v. to estimate (something) as being less than the 低估;看轻;
e actual size, quantity, or number
11 cutback n. the act of reducing the number or amount of 削减;缩减
something
13 banish v. to force (someone) to leave a country as 放逐;流放
punishment
14 relegate v. to put (someone or something) in a lower or 使贬职;使降级
less important position, rank, etc.
15 reinstate v. to put (someone) back in a job or position that 使恢复原职
had been taken away
16 dispose v. to put (someone or something) in a particular 排列;布置
position or place
17 blandish v. to coax with flattery : CAJOLE 谄媚
18 calumny n. an untrue statement that is made to damage 诬蔑
19 vituperate v. to use harsh condemnatory language 谩骂;痛斥
20 defame v. to hurt the reputation of (someone or 诽谤;中伤
something) especially by saying things that are
false or unfair
21 prurience / 好色;淫秽
23 abjure v. to reject solemnly 公开保证放弃
28 evince v. to show (something) clearly 显示(感情或品质)
29 proclivity n. a strong natural liking for something that is 癖性

usually bad
30 indifference n. lack of interest in or concern about something: 漠不关心;中立
something
33 neutralize v. to make ineffective 使无效;中和
34 calibrate v. to adjust or mark (something, such as a 校准(刻度，以使测
measuring device) so that it can be used in an 量准确)
accurate and exact way
36 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) 改善
better, less painful, etc.
37 stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍
something)
(something)
as a law or rule)
43 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) readily or 欣然接受
gladly
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1 fanciful a. coming from the imagination 空想的，不现
实的
2 sour a. unpleasant or unfriendly 闷闷不乐的
3 pessimistic a. having or showing a lack of hope for the future: 悲观的
expecting bad things to happen
4 veracious a. TRUTHFUL, HONEST 真实的
6 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often sudden way 自然的
a. doing things that have not been planned but 自发的
that seem enjoyable and worth doing at a
particular time
7 mishap n. a small mistake or amount of bad luck 小事故;晦气
8 misnomer n. a name that is wrong or not proper or 使用不恰当(或
appropriate 不准确)的名称
9 partisan a. strongly supporting one leader, group, or cause 盲目拥护
over another
10 dilettante n. a person whose interest in an art or in an area 半吊子
of knowledge is not very deep or serious
11 philistine n. a person who is guided by materialism and is 庸俗；对文化
usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values 艺术无知的人
something)
13 bourgeoisie n. MIDDLE CLASS 中产阶级;资产
阶级
14 truncate v. to make (something) shorter 缩短
15 desiccate v. to dry up 使干（燥）
16 polarize v. to cause (people, opinions, etc.) to separate (使)两极化
into opposing groups
19 altruistic a. showing concern for the happiness and welfare 无私心的
of other people rather than for yourself
20 cede v. to give control of (something) to another 割让;让给
21 ascendancy n. a position of power in which someone can 支配地位; 优
control or influence other people 势
23 dogmatic a. expressing personal opinions or beliefs as if 固执己见的，
they are certainly correct and cannot be doubted 教条的
24 atrocious a. very evil or cruel 糟透的;十分讨
厌的
25 cavalier a. having or showing no concern for something 漫不经心的;不
that is important or serious 在乎的
26 cogent a. very clear and easy for the mind to accept and 令人信服的
believe
27 prepossessing a. having qualities that people like : appealing or 外表吸引人的
attractive
28 unremarkable a. not worthy of special attention or notice 平凡的;平庸的
29 unruffled a. not upset or disturbed 镇定的;沉着的
30 deficient a. not having enough of something that is 缺乏的;缺少的
important or necessary
sufficient evidence
32 phantom n. the soul of a dead person thought of as living in 鬼魂;幽灵
an unseen world or as appearing to living people
34 mute a. felt or expressed without the use of words 沉默的;无声的
35 arch a. having or showing an amused feeling of being 调皮的;淘气的
superior to or knowing more than other people
36 ominous a. suggesting that something bad is going to 恶兆的;不吉利
happen in the future 的
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1 scintillating a. very clever, amusing, and interesting 妙趣横生的
2 apolitical a. not political : not interested or involved 不关心政治的
in politics
elements from all or many parts of the
world
a. found in most parts of the world and 世界各地都有的
under varied ecological conditions
5 epistle n. any one of the letters to the early 使徒书信
Christians that are part of the New
Testament
6 appurtenance n. an object that is used with or for 附属物;附加物
something
7 vexation n. something that worries or annoys you 烦恼
8 vestige n. the last small part that remains of 遗迹
something that existed before
9 frugal a. careful about spending money or using (对金钱、食物等)节约
things when you do not need to : using 的，节俭的
money or supplies in a very careful way
10 hidebound a. not willing to accept new or different 迂腐的
ideas
11 circumvent v. to avoid being stopped by (something, 避免
such as a law or rule)
12 encumber v. to cause problems or difficulties for 妨碍
14 merge v. to cause (two or more things, such as 结合
two companies) to come together and
become one thing : to join or unite (one
thing) with another
15 behemoth a. something very big and powerful 巨头(指规模庞大、实
力雄厚的公司或机构)
16 offshoot n. something (such as a business) that 分枝
develops from something larger
17 testimony n. a statement made by a witness under 证词
oath especially in a court
18 chauvinism n. the belief that your country, race, etc., 沙文主义
is better than any other
19 preeminence n. the quality or state of being 杰出;卓越
preeminent : SUPERIORITY
20 sovereignty n. unlimited power over a country 主权;最高统治权
21 maverick a. characteristic of, suggestive of, or 标新立异的
inclined to be a maverick
n. a person who refuses to follow the 言行与众不同者
customs or rules of a group
22 underwrite v. to give money to support (something, 承担保险责任;承保

such as a new business) and agree to be
responsible for any losses if it fails
23 waive v. to officially say that you will not use or 放弃(权利、要求等)
require something that you are allowed to
have or that is usually required
24 renounce v. to give up, abandon, or resign usually 宣布放弃
by a public declaration
25 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you 支持
support or approve of (someone or
something)
26 rescind v. to end (a law, contract, agreement, 废除;取消
etc.) officially : to say officially that
(something) is no longer valid
27 anarchistic a. a person who believes that 无政府主义的;扰乱秩
government and laws are not necessary 序的
28 radical a. very new and different from what is 标新立异
traditional or ordinary
29 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, 使恶化
etc.) worse
31 aggravate v. to make (an injury, problem, etc.) more 使严重;使恶化
serious or severe
32 embrace v . to accept (something or someone) 欣然接受
readily or gladly
v. to show (something) to be false or 证明……错误
wrong
34 eulogy n. a speech that praises someone who 颂文
has died
35 rebuke v. to speak in an angry and critical way to 指责;批评
(someone)
36 panegyric n. something (such as a speech or a 颂词
piece of writing) that praises someone or
something
37 mockery n. insulting or contemptuous action or 嘲笑
speech
38 commendation n. the act of praising or approving of 赞扬
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号
1 chicanery n. actions or statements that trick people into 诈骗;欺骗
believing something that is not true : deception
or trickery
2 raillery n. friendly joking about or with somebody 戏谑;逗趣
3 enmity n. a very deep unfriendly feeling 敌意;敌对
decisions
5 probity n. the quality of a person who is completely 诚实
honest
6 rival n. a person or thing that tries to defeat or be 竞争对手
more successful than another
7 intimate a. having a very close relationship: very warm 亲密的
and friendly
8 sporadic a. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular 零星的
or random instances
9 quotidian a. ordinary or very common 普通的
11 revelatory a. making something known : revealing 启发性的;启迪人
something in usually a surprising way 的
13 intellectual a. of or relating to thought or understanding 智力的; 脑力的
15 caricature n. a drawing that makes someone look funny 人物漫画
or foolish because some part of the person's
appearance is exaggerated
16 calculated a. carefully planned for a particular and often 精心策划的
improper purpose
18 periphery n. the outside edge of an area 边缘地带
19 spurn v. to refuse to accept (someone or something 蔑视
that you do not think deserves your respect,
attention, affection, etc.)
20 subsume v. to include or place within something larger or 将…归入(或纳入)
more comprehensive : encompass as a
subordinate or component element
23 encapsulate v. to show or express the main idea or quality 简述;概括
of (something) in a brief way
25 digressive a. characterized by digressions 离题的，枝节的
26 bemoan v. to say that you are unhappy about 悲叹

(something) : to complain about (something)
29 meretricious a. attractive in a cheap or false way 虚有其表的;金玉
其外的
30 worthwhile a. worth doing or getting : good enough, 重要的;令人愉快
important enough, etc., to be worth spending 的
time, effort, or money on
31 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；难懂
difficult to understand or explain 的
32 surmount v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult situation) 克服
successfully
33 ennui n. a lack of spirit, enthusiasm, or interest 无聊;厌倦
34 decrepitude n. the state of being old and in bad condition or 衰老;老朽
poor health
35 senescence n. the state of being old or the process of 衰老
becoming old
36 truculent a. easily annoyed or angered and likely to 好斗的
argue
38 brazen a. acting or done in a very open and shocking 厚颜无耻的
way without shame or embarrassment
39 obtuse a.stupid or unintelligent : not able to think 迟钝的;愚蠢的
clearly or to understand what is obvious or
simple
40 pugnacious a. showing a readiness or desire to fight or 好挑衅的
argue
41 sapiential a. characterized by or peculiar to wisdom 智慧的
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号
a. hard to understand, define, or 难理解的
remember
2 inefficacy n. lack of power to produce a desired 无效
effect
3 spontaneous a. done or said in a natural and often 自然的
sudden way and without a lot of thought
or planning
a. doing things that have not been 自发的
planned but that seem enjoyable and
worth doing at a particular time
4 primacy n. the state of being most important or 首要;至高无上
strongest
5 pedagogical a. of or relating to teachers or education 教育学的
6 v. to remove (something that is not 消除
wanted or needed)
eliminate
7 v. to defeat and remove from a 淘汰
competition
8 expedient n. an easy and quick way to solve a 应急办法
problem or do something
9 privilege n. a right or benefit that is given to some 优惠待遇
people and not to others
11 deprecate v. to criticize or express disapproval of 强烈反对
12 exacerbate v. to make (a bad situation, a problem, 使恶化
etc.) worse
understand
14 magnify 扩大;增强
15 demise n. the end of something that is thought of 死亡;逝世
as being like a death
16 cult n. a situation in which people admire and (对生活方式、看法、
care about something or someone very 观念等的)狂热，时
much or too much 尚，崇拜
17 boom v. to grow or expand suddenly (贸易和经济活动的)激
增，繁荣
18 underrate v. to rate or value (someone or 过低评价
something) too low
19 divergence n. difference, disagreement (意见、态度等的)分
歧，差异
20 hierarchical a. of, relating to, or arranged in a 按等级划分的
hierarchy
21 spatial a. of or relating to space 空间的
23 hamper v. to slow the movement, progress, or 妨碍
action of
24 protract v. to make longer : draw out in time or 拖延

space
25 overstate v. to say that (something) is larger or 夸张;言过其实
26 temporal a. lay or secular rather than clerical or 世间的;世俗的
sacred : CIVIL
27 satire n. a way of using humor to show that 讽刺作品
someone or something is foolish, weak,
bad, etc.: humor that shows the
weaknesses or bad qualities of a person,
government, society, etc.
29 conceal v. to hide (something or someone) from 隐瞒
sight
30 hazard n. a source of danger 危险
31 tantamount a. equal to something in value, meaning, 等同于
or effect
32 obviate v. to make (something) no longer 避免
necessary: to prevent or avoid
(something)
33 avert v. to prevent (something bad) from 避免
happening
34 placidity n. not easily upset or excited 安静；温和
35 complacency n. a feeling of being satisfied with how 自满;自得
things are and not wanting to try to make
them better : a complacent feeling or
condition
36 forebode v. to have an inward conviction of 预感；预兆
(something, such as a coming ill or
misfortune)
37 solicitude n. concern that someone feels about 关怀;关切
someone's health, happiness, etc.
38 naïve a. having or showing a lack of experience 天真的
or knowledge: innocent or simple
39 constructive a. helping to develop or improve 有助益的;积极的
something : helpful to someone instead
of upsetting and negative
40 amicable a. showing a polite and friendly desire to 心平气和的;友善的
avoid disagreement and argument
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号
1 repudiate v. to refuse to accept or support 拒绝接受
(something)
2 sidestep v. bypass, evade 回避，躲避
3 trivialize v. to make (something) seem less 使显得琐碎（或不重
important or serious than it actually is 要、不难等）
5 surmount v. to deal with (a problem or a difficult 克服
situation) successfully
7 inscrutable a. difficult to understand : causing people 难以捉摸的;难以理解
to feel curious or confused 的
8 inexhaustible a. impossible to use up completely : 取之不尽用之不竭
impossible to exhaust
9 episodic a. made up of many different events or 偶尔发生的
episodes
10 panoramic a. showing a full or wide view 景的;远景的
11 hackneyed a. not interesting, funny, etc., because of 陈腐的
being used too often : not fresh or original
12 goad v. to urge or force (someone) to do 激怒，刺激
something
13 compensate for NA 弥补
14 allude v. to talk about or hint at without 间接提到
mentioning directly
15 brash a. confident and aggressive in usually a 盛气凌人的;耀眼的
rude or unpleasant way
16 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注目的
17 mercurial a. changing often: very changeable （人）反复无常的
18 diminish v. to become or to cause (something) to 减少
become less in size, importance, etc.
v. to lessen the authority or reputation of 轻视
(someone or something) : to describe
(something) as having little value or
importance
19 scrutinize v. to examine carefully especially in a 仔细检查
critical way
20 pretentious a. having or showing the unpleasant 自命不凡的
quality of people who want to be
regarded as more impressive, successful,
or important than they really are
21 manipulate v. to operate, use, or move with the 处理
hands or by mechanical means
22 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or 地方性的
region
23 discrete a. separate and different from each other 分散的
24 ancestral a. an event that causes great harm and 祖先的;祖传的
suffering
25 reversal n. a change to an opposite state, 颠倒;彻底转变
condition, decision, etc.
26 calamity n. an event that causes great harm and 灾难;灾祸

suffering
27 undertaking n. an important or difficult task or project 任务，项目
28 detrimental a. causing damage or injury 有害的;不利的
29 analogous a. similar in some way 类似的
30 erratic a. acting, moving, or changing in ways 反复无常
that are not expected or usual
31 stretch v. to make (something) wider or longer by 拉长;拽宽
pulling it
32 waver v. to become unsteady because of 踌躇;犹豫不决
weakness, emotion, tiredness, etc.
n. a legal agreement between people, 合同
companies, etc.
34 v. to become affected with 感染
35 shrink v. to become smaller in amount, size, or 缩小
value
v. to quickly move away from something 畏缩
shocking, frightening, or disgusting
36 oscillate v. to swing or move back and forth 摇摆，变化
between two points
37 attenuate v. to make (something) weaker or less in 衰减；变薄
amount, effect, or force
38 endorse v. to publicly or officially say that you 支持
support or approve of (someone or
something)
39 pessimism n. a feeling or belief that bad things will 悲观
happen in the future
40 temper v. to make (something) less severe or 使缓和
extreme
v. to cause (something, such as steel or 使(金属)回火
glass) to become hard or strong by
heating it and cooling it
41 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和(的);适度(的)
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1 uncover v. to allow (something) to be seen by 揭露
removing a covering
2 conspiracy n. a secret plan made by two or more 密谋策划;阴谋
people to do something that is harmful or
illegal
3 interminable a. having or seeming to have no end 冗长的;没完没了的
4 laborious a. requiring a lot of time and effort 耗时费力的;辛苦的
5 provocative a. causing discussion, thought, argument, 激起争端的
etc.
8 resilient a. able to return to an original shape after 能复原的
being pulled, stretched, pressed, bent,
etc.
a. able to become strong, healthy, or 有适应力的
successful again after something bad
happens
9 pragmatic a. dealing with the problems that exist in 实际的
a specific situation in a reasonable and
logical way instead of depending on
ideas and theories
10 resemble v. to look or be like (someone or 显得像;像
something)
11 sway v. to cause (someone) to agree with you 说服;使动摇
or to share your opinion
12 contingent a. depending on something else that 依情况而定的
might or might not happen
13 irreducible a. not able to be made smaller or simpler 无法简化的
14 moderate a/v. calm, temperate 缓和(的);适度(的)
15 cessation n. a stopping of some action : a pause or 停止;终止
stop
17 trumpet v. to praise (something) loudly and 大声宣扬
publicly especially in a way that is
annoying
18 obscure a. not well-known: not known to most 不出名的
people
a. difficult to understand; likely to be 深奥难懂的
a. difficult or impossible to know 模糊的
completely and with certainty
v. to hide or cover (something): to be in 掩盖，使模糊
front of (something) so that it cannot be
seen
20 bewildering a. extremely confusing or difficult to 让人困惑的
understand
21 distort v. to change so as to make untrue or 歪曲

inaccurate
right
23 dramatic a. striking in appearance or effect 巨大的, 引人注目的
26 elude v. to avoid or escape (someone or 逃避
something) by being quick, skillful, or
clever
27 placate v. to cause (someone) to feel less angry 安抚;平息(怒气)
about something
28 heterodox a. not agreeing with established beliefs or 非正统的
standards
29 compelling a. very interesting: able to capture and 引人入胜的
hold your attention
31 beleaguer v. to cause constant or repeated trouble 围困；围攻
for (a person, business, etc.)
32 incumbent n. a person who holds a particular office 在职者;现任者
or position
33 obviate v. to make (something) no longer 避免
necessary: to prevent or avoid
(something)
34 preclude v. to prevent (someone) from doing 阻止
something
35 beget to cause (something) to happen or exist 引发;导致
36 fermentation / 发酵
37 palatable a. having a pleasant or agreeable taste 口的;味美的
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1 elation n. the quality or state of being filled with joy or pride 兴高采烈
2 stoicism n. the quality or behavior of a person who accepts 对痛苦的默
what happens without complaining or showing 默承受或泰
emotion 然处之;坚
忍
3 elitism n. leadership or rule by an elite 精英主义
4 heresy n. a belief or opinion that does not agree with the （与大多数
official belief or opinion of a particular religion 人的观点不
合的）异端
5 iniquity n. the quality of being unfair or evil 十分错误，
很不正当
(的事)
6 parsimony n. the quality of being very unwilling to spend 吝啬;小气
money
7 anthropocentrism / 人类中心说
8 cosmology / 宇宙学
10 frugal a. careful about spending money or using things (对金钱、
when you do not need to : using money or supplies 食物等)节
in a very careful way 约的，节俭
的
12 uncanny a. strange or unusual in a way that is surprising or 怪异的
14 venomous a. capable of putting poison or venom into another 分泌毒液的
animal's body usually by biting or stinging it
15 misconstrue v. to understand (something) incorrectly 误解(某人
的言行)
19 placebo n. a pill or substance that is given to a patient like a (给无实际
drug but that has no physical effect on the patient 治疗需要者
的)安慰剂
20 liability n . a financial obligation : DEBT 欠债;负债;
债务
22 prejudice n. an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group 偏见;成见
because of race, sex, religion, etc.

25 reticent a. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in 沉默的;含
speech 蓄的
26 decisive a. able to make choices quickly and confidently 果断的
27 sober a. plain in color; having or showing a very serious 有节制的;
attitude or quality 朴素的
28 prescribe v. to officially tell someone to use (a medicine, 开(处方)
therapy, diet, etc.) as a remedy or treatment
29 staid a. serious, boring, or old-fashioned 古板的;一
本正经的
31 eccentric a. strange or unusual 古怪的;异
乎寻常的
33 placatory a. to cause (someone) to feel less angry about 安抚的
something
hostility
35 grandiosity n. being impressive because of uncommon 宏伟；辉煌
something)
38 contempt n. a lack of respect for or fear of something that is 蔑视
usually respected or feared
40 shed light on / 阐明;解释
true
Section 131
序号单文中文
1 hypocrisy n. a feigning to be what one is not or to believe 伪伪善
what one does not
2 spontaneity n. voluntary or undetermined action or movement 发
3 degenerate adj. having declined or become less specialized 化堕

from an ancestral or former state
4 coherence n. coherence 一性
5 ravage n. violently destructive effect 坏
6 interloper n. one that intrudes in a place or sphere of activity 入干涉
7 nuisance n. one that is annoying, unpleasant, or obnoxious 烦事
8 compensate / NA 偿
for
9 rarefied ① adj. of, relating to, or interesting to a select ①曲和寡
group ②
②adj. being less dense
10 well-defined adj. clearly stated or described 定义明
11 victim n. one that is acted on and usually adversely 受害人品

affected by a force or agent
12 overwhelming adj. extreme, great 巨大压倒性
13 vindicate v. to free from allegation or blame 明无
14 counterpoint n. a complementing or contrasting item 对比物对应物
15 intricate adj. having many complexly interrelating parts or 复杂

elements
16 spectacular adj. striking, sensational 壮惊人
17 benign adj. favorable, wholesome 性吉利
18 consequential adj. important
19 innocuous adj. innocuous 无害
20 palpable adj. capable of being touched or felt 可感
21 endorse v. to approve openly 同可
22 requisite adj. needed for a particular purpose 必
23 temper v. to dilute, qualify, or soften by the addition or 和和

influence of something else
24 moderate v. to lessen the intensity or extremeness of 减
25 exculpate v. to clear from alleged fault or guilt 使无
26 impeach v. to charge with a crime or misdemeanor 控告
27 disapprobation n. the act or state of disapproving 不成
28 acquittal n. a setting free from the charge of an offense by 免

verdict, sentence, or other legal process
29 propagate v. to transmit through a medium 传播
30 attenuate v. to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or 减弱

value of
31 dissipate v. to break up and drive off 散使消散
32 iterate v. to say or do again or again and again 复反复
33 deviate v. to stray especially from a standard, principle, or 偏

topic
Section 132
序号单文中文
1 affiliation n. the state or relation of being closely associated 盟
with a particular person, group, party, company, etc.
2 tenable adj. capable of being held, maintained, or defended 站得住的
3 arcane adj. known or knowable only to a few people 神秘的
4 audacious adj. intrepidly daring 大的
5 prescience n. foreknowledge of events 知
6 eccentric adj. deviating from an established or usual pattern or 古怪的，反常的
style
7 immutable adj. not capable of or susceptible to change 不变的
8 fragmentary adj. consisting of fragments 碎片的
9 luminous adj. emitting or reflecting usually steady, suffused, or 发光的，明亮的
glowing light
10 herbivore n. a herbivorous animal 动物
11 overwhelm v. to cover over completely 淹没，压倒
12 exploit v. to make productive use of 开发，利用
13 aggressive adj. marked by combative readiness 侵略性的
14 derivative adj. having parts that originate from another source 生的
15 overdrawn adj. having an overdrawn account 已支的
16 omission n. something neglected or left undone 疏忽
17 telling adj. carrying great weight and producing a marked 生动的，显的
effect
18 accelerate v. to move faster 加
19 constrain v. to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or 束
limitation
20 self-evident adj. evident without proof or reasoning 不明的
21 mask v. to hide or conceal (something, such as one's 掩
motives or feelings)
22 obviate v. to anticipate and prevent (something, such as a 免
situation) or make (an action) unnecessary
23 wail v. to express sorrow audibly 悲叹
24 whimper v. to make a low whining plaintive or broken sound 呜咽
25 muscular adj. having well-developed musculature 发的
26 lugubrious adj. mournful 悲哀的
27 doleful adj. full of grief 悲哀的
28 intemperate adj. not temperate 放的
29 idiosyncrasy n. a peculiarity of constitution or temperament 特
30 sublime adj. of outstanding spiritual, intellectual, or moral 令人崇拜的
worth
31 indispensable adj. absolutely necessary 不可少的
32 intimidate v. to make timid or fearful 威
33 visionary adj. having or marked by foresight and imagination 有的
34 iconoclast n. a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions 打破旧习的人

35 circumspect adj. careful to consider all circumstances and 慎的
possible consequences
Section 133
序号单文中文
1 tractable adj. capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled 易处理的
2 restive adj. marked by impatience or uneasiness 焦不安的
3 adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable
mercurial 善变的
changeableness of mood
4 contravention n. violation 反
5 proscribe v. to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful 禁止
6 presage v. to give an omen or warning of 示
7 abjure v. to renounce upon oath 公开放弃
8 substantiate v. to establish by proof or competent evidence 实
9 adj. seeming to have a supernatural character or
uncanny 神秘的
origin
10 polemic n. the art or practice of disputation or controversy 争
11 dissonance n. dissonance 不一
12 adj. appropriate or adapted to the times or the
timely 及时的
occasion
13 encapsulate v. epitomize, sumarize 概括
14 anachronism n. anachronism 时代
15 n. the act or an instance of leaving the main subject
digression 离
in an extended written or verbal expression of thought
16 groundbreaking adj. groundbreaking 开创性的
17 n. a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme
catastrophe 灾
misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
18 cascade n. something falling or rushing forth in quantity 串
19 turbulent adj. characterized by agitation or tumult 动的
20 adj. deviating from an established or usual pattern or
eccentric 古怪的
style
21 disquiet v. to take away the peace or tranquility of 使担心
22 perpetuate v. to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely 使持
23 subvert v. to overturn or overthrow from the foundation
24 tedious adj. tiresome because of length or dullness 乏味的
25 adj. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of
spartan 简朴的
luxury and comfort
26 austere adj. markedly simple or unadorned 简朴的
27 rigorous adj. very strict 严格的，严厉的
28 monotonous adj. monotonous 单的
29 adj. existing in or spreading through every part of
pervasive 普的
something
30 trivial adj. of little worth or importance 不的
31 hoax n. an act intended to trick or dupe 欺
32 v. to bring about or carry out (something, such as a
perpetrate 犯
crime or deception)
33 counterfeit v. to imitate or feign especially with intent to deceive 伪

34 feckless adj. weak, ineffective 无效的
35 refractory adj. refractory 的
36 adj. belonging to, consisting in, or dependent
circumstantial 情况定的
on circumstances
37 spurious adj. of falsified or erroneously attributed origin 假的
38 elicit v. to call forth or draw out 引出
39 numerous adj. consisting of great numbers of units or individuals 很多的
40 somber adj. of a dismal or depressing character 忧的
41 besotted adj. intoxicated or stupefied especially with drink 愚的
42 secular adj. of or relating to the worldly or temporal 世俗的
43 versatile adj. having many uses or applications 多才多的
44 adj. of or resembling Proteus in having a varied
protean 多才多的
nature or ability to assume different forms
Section 134
序号单文中文
1 separate v. to set or keep apart 分离
2 collusion n. collusion 共，勾
3 disaffect v. to alienate the affection or loyalty of 叛
4 penetrate v. to pass into or through 渗
5 extinguish v. to bring to an end 熄灭，毁灭
6 compress v. to press or squeeze together 压
7 clement adj. inclined to be merciful 温和的，仁慈的
8 superfluous adj. exceeding what is sufficient or necessary 多余的
9 valedictory adj. expressing or containing a farewell 告别的
10 adj. working or doing sth slowly and steadily,
plodding 单乏味的
especially in a way that other people think is boring
11 scathing adj. bitterly severe 严厉的
12 glowing adj. highly enthusiastic and favorable 热情洋溢的
13 adj. in the form of a diagram that shows the main
schematic 概的
features or relationships but not the details
14 eschew v. to avoid habitually 免
15 accentuate v. to make (something) more prominent or noticeable 强
16 binary adj. something made of two things or parts 二元的
17 provenance n. origin, source 源
18 remunerative adj. profitable 有利可图的
19 lucrative adj. producing wealth 利多的
20 transcendent adj. exceeding usual limits 的，卓的
21 contingent adj. dependent on or conditioned by something else 情况定的
22 sophisticated adj. highly complicated or developed 复杂的
23 robust adj. having or exhibiting strength or vigorous health 强健的
24 elusive adj. hard to comprehend or define 懂的
25 penniless adj. destitute of money 穷的
26 indigence n. a level of poverty 穷
27 opulence n. abundance, profusion 富
28 eminence n. a position of prominence or superiority 显
29 penury n. severe poverty 穷
30 depravity n. a corrupt act or practice 堕
31 complacency n. self-satisfaction 满
Section 135
序号单文中文
1 methane 甲烷
2 ultraviolet 紫外的
3 ephemeral adj. lasting a very short time 短暂的
4 ubiquitous adj. existing or being everywhere at the same time 无处不在的
5 ecumenical adj. worldwide or general in extent, influence, or 普的
application
6 redemptive adj. that saves you from the power of evil 救的
7 subsume v. to include or place within something larger or more 将…归入
comprehensive
8 preclude v. rule out in advance 排，妨碍
9 primitive adj. not derived 原始的
10 fraternal adj. friendly, brotherly 友好的
11 hinder v. to make slow or difficult the progress of 碍
12 discrepancy n. an instance of disagreeing or being at variance 不一，矛盾
13 delineate v. to describe, portary, or set forth with accuracy or 描
in detail
14 exacerbate v. to make more violent, bitter, or severe 使加剧
15 deft adj. characterized by facility and skill 灵巧的
16 jargon n. the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of ，术
a special activity or group
17 placate v. to soothe or mollify especially by concessions 抚慰
18 galvanize v. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock 刺激
19 daunting adj. tending to overwhelm or intimidate 使人气的
20 baroque adj. characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, 构复杂的
complexity, or flamboyance
21 devoid adj. being without a usual, typical, or expected 乏的
attribute or accompaniment
22 perilous adj. full of or involving peril 危的
23 pointless adj. devoid of meaning 无意义的
24 obsolete adj. obsolete 废弃的
25 salinization 盐化作用
26 alkalinization 碱化
27 incremental adj. increase in value or worth, often by a regular 增的
amount.
28 asymmetrical adj. having two sides or halves that are not the same 对称的
29 unobtrusive adj. not blatant, arresting, or aggressive 不引人注目的
30 discreet adj. capable of preserving prudent silence 慎的
31 sullen adj. dismal, gloomy 寡欢的
32 amiable adj. friendly, sociable, and congenial 和可亲的
33 surly adj. irritably sullen and churlish in mood or manner 气坏的
34 prudent adj. marked by wisdom or judiciousness 慎的
Section 136
序号单文中文
1 dross n. something that is base, trivial, or inferior 劣品
2 specious adj. having a false look of truth or genuineness 似是的
3 copious adj. yielding something abundantly 丰富的
4 perplexing adj. difficult to understand 复杂的
5 nuanced adj. having or characterized by subtle and often 有微差别的
appealingly complex qualities, aspects, or
distinctions
6 empirical adj. capable of being verified or disproved by 实的
observation or experiment
7 unorthodox adj. not orthodox 异端的
8 assuage v. to lessen the intensity of 平息，和
9 jeopardize v. to expose to danger or risk 危害
10 avaricious adj. greedy of gain 婪的
11 sympathetic adj. existing or operating through an affinity, 同情的
interdependence, or mutual association
13 opprobrium n. public disgrace or ill fame that follows from conduct
considered grossly wrong or vicious
14 polemical adj. controversial 好争的
15 ornate adj. elaborately or excessively decorated 华丽的
16 paucity n. smallness of quantity 乏
17 proliferate v. to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, 激增
buds, or offspring
18 preponderance n. a superiority in weight, power, importance, or 优势
strength
19 belabor v. to attack verbally 抨击
20 extoll v. to praise highly
21 anatomical 剖的
22 diurnal adj. of, relating to, or occurring in the daytime 白天的
23 impede v. to interfere with or slow the progress of 碍
24 supersede v. to take the place or position of 取代
25 predecessor n. a person who has previously occupied a position 前
or office to which another has succeeded
26 infuriating adj. causing feelings of extreme anger 令人恼火的
27 humiliating adj. extremely destructive to one's self-respect or 丢的
dignity
28 baffling adj. extremely confusing or difficult to understand 令人困惑的
29 formulaic adj. adhering to set forms or conventions 公式化的
30 radical adj. favoring extreme changes in existing views, 激的
habits, conditions, or institutions
31 pedantic adj. narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously 的
learned
32 oblivious adj. lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful 健忘的
attention
33 hidebound adj. having an inflexible or ultraconservative 保守的
character
34 illiberal adj. not broad-minded 偏执的
Section 137
序号单文中文
1 susceptible adj. capable of submitting to an action, process, or 易受影响的
operation
2 extraneous adj. existing on or coming from the outside 外来的
3 wary adj. marked by keen caution, cunning, and 慎的
watchfulness especially in detecting and escaping
danger
4 attrition n. a reduction in numbers usually as a result of 消
resignation, retirement, or death
5 dearth n. an inadequate supply 乏
6 attenuate v. to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of 减弱
7 abdicate v. to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or 放弃
function
8 accede v. to express approval or give consent 同意
9 demur v. demur 反对
10 vex v. to irritate or annoy by petty provocations 使烦恼
11 innocuous adj. producing no injury 无害的
12 redundant adj. exceeding what is necessary or normal 多余的
13 plastic adj. capable of adapting to varying conditions 可塑的
14 recalcitrant adj. obstinately defiant of authority or restraint 反抗的
15 compact adj. obstinately defiant of authority or restraint 紧凑的
16 prominent adj. standing out or projecting beyond a surface or 显的
line
17 fluid adj. capable of flowing 流动的
18 hierarchy n. a graded or ranked series 等制度
19 idiosyncrasy n. a peculiarity of constitution or temperament 特
20 fungible adj. capable of mutual substitution 可取代的
21 aberrant adj. deviating from the usual or natural type 异常的
22 eradicate v. to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by 根
the roots
23 superfluous adj. exceeding what is sufficient or necessary 多余的
25 infrastructure n. the resources (such as personnel, buildings, or 基础施
equipment) required for an activity
Section 138
序号单文中文
1 hardwired adj. genetically or innately determined 基本固定的
2 cumulative adj. increasing by successive additions 累积的
3 fastidious adj. reflecting a meticulous, sensitive, or demanding 挑剔的
attitude
4 esoteric adj. difficult to understand 深奥懂的
5 abstruse adj. difficult to comprehend 深奥的
6 impervious adj. not capable of being affected or disturbed 不受影响的
7 con v. swindle 哄
8 delude v. to mislead the mind or judgment of 欺
9 elucidate v. to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis 明
10 exacerbate v. to make more violent, bitter, or severe 使加剧
11 indigenous adj. produced, growing, living, or occurring natively or 本地的
naturally in a particular region or environment
12 arcane adj. known or knowable only to a few people 神秘的
13 hybrid adj. having or produced by a combination of two or 混合的
more distinct elements
14 subtle adj. difficult to understand or perceive 不易察的
15 synthetic 合成的
16 mitigate v. to cause to become less harsh or hostile 使和
17 formidable adj. causing fear, dread, or apprehension 对付的，可怕
的
18 compensate v. to make an appropriate and usually 偿
counterbalancing payment to
19 adipose adj. of or relating to animal fat 动物的
20 repository n. a place, room, or container where something is 仓库
deposited or stored
21 capacious adj. containing or capable of containing a great deal 宽敞的
22 deleterious adj. harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way 有害的
23 inert adj. very slow to move or act 的
24 detrimental adj. obviously harmful 有害的
25 passive adj. not active or operating 动的
26 counterpart n. one having the same function or characteristics as 对应的事物
another
27 conviction n. the act or process of finding a person guilty of a 定
crime especially in a court of law
28 fervid adj. marked by often extreme fervor 热心的
29 impassioned adj. filled with passion or zeal 充满激情的
30 undogmatic adj. not committed to dogma 教条的
31 nostalgic adj. longing for or thinking fondly of a past time or 怀旧的
condition
32 acquaintance n. a person whom one knows but who is not a 熟人
particularly close friend

33 vacuous adj. emptied of or lacking content 空的
34 unflappable adj. marked by assurance and self-control 定的
35 unfathomable adj. impossible to comprehend 深不可测的
36 obdurate adj. stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing 固的
37 inscrutable adj. not readily investigated, interpreted, or 不可理的
understood
38 imperturbable adj. marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and 冷的
steadiness
Section 139
序号单文中文
1 march v. to make steady progress 前
2 transparent adj. fine or sheer enough to be seen through 明的
3 eternal adj. having infinite duration 永恒的
4 模糊的，理
slippery adj. not precise or fixed in meaning
的
5 lucrative adj. producing wealth 利多的
6 provocative adj. serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate 刺激的，挑的
7 affinity n. an attraction to or liking for something 喜爱
8 rhetorical adj. of, relating to, or concerned with rhetoric 修的
9 illuminating adj. providing insight, clarity, or understanding 启发的
10 vexing adj. causing or likely to cause vexation 令人烦恼的
11 hyperbole n. extravagant exaggeration 夸张
12 eclecticism n. the theory or practice of an eclectic method 兼收并
13 jurisprudence n. the science or philosophy of law 法律体系
14 adj. giving special treatment and advantages to
elitist 精主义的
wealthy and powerful people
15 scrutiny n. a searching study, inquiry, or inspection 仔检查
16 driver n. one that provides impulse or motivation 动因素
17 somnolence n. the quality or state of being drowsy 困倦
18 n. the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or
lethargy 无精打
indifferent
19 n. the quality or state of being difficult to remedy,
obstinacy 固执
relieve, or subdue
20 perspicacious adj. of acute mental vision or discernment 有洞察力的
21 acuity n. keenness of perception 敏
22 adj. fully revealed or expressed without vagueness,
explicit 清楚明白的
implication, or ambiguity
23 malign v. speak evil of
24 defraud v. to deprive of something by deception 欺
25 swindle v. to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit
26 v. to harm the reputation of by communicating false
defame
statements about
27 insulate v. to place in a detached situation 离
28 humble adj. not proud or haughty 的
29 v. to treat (something, such as an acid solution) with
buffer 冲
a buffer
30 discreet adj. capable of preserving prudent silence 慎的
31 adj. characterized by lack of consistency, regularity,
erratic 无律的
or uniformity
Section 140
序号单文中文
1 vibration n. a quivering or trembling motion 振动
2 melodious adj. having a pleasing melody 悦的
3 puff v. to become distended 使
4 castigate v. to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or 严厉批
criticism
5 catalyze v. bring about, inspire 促
6 raze v. to destroy to the ground 破坏
7 havoc n. wide and general destruction 严破坏
8 insidious adj. harmful but enticing 的
9 instantaneous adj. done, occurring, or acting without any perceptible 立即的
duration of time
10 ameliorate v. to grow better 改善
11 protagonist n. the principal character in a literary work 主
12 impugn v. to assail by words or arguments 指
13 euphemism n. the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive 委婉法
expression for one that may offend or suggest
something unpleasant
14 gruesome adj. inspiring horror or repulsion 可怕的
15 sycophancy n. obsequious flattery 媚
16 squeamish adj. easily offended or disgusted 易心烦意乱的
17 apogee n. the farthest or highest point 点
18 dye v. to impart (a color) by dyeing 染
19 elaborate v. to expand something in detail
20 resurgence n. a rising again into life, activity, or prominence 复
21 volatile adj. characterized by or subject to rapid or 易变的
unexpected change
22 partisanship n. strong and sometimes blind adherence to a 偏
particular party, faction, cause, or person
23 scrupulous adj. acting in strict regard for what is considered right 小心慎的
or proper
Section 141
序号单文中文
1 aristocratic adj. belonging to, having the qualities of, or favoring 族的
aristocracy
2 dogmatic adj. characterized by or given to the expression of 教条的
opinions very strongly or positively as if they were
facts
3 egalitarian adj. asserting, promoting, or marked by 平等主义的
egalitarianism
4 tussle n. an intense argument, controversy, or struggle 争斗，扭打
5 serendipity n. the faculty or phenomenonof finding valuable or 机凑巧
agreeable things not sought for
6 renounce v. to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal 宣布放弃
declaration
7 renowned adj. widely acclaimed and highly honored 名的
8 caustic adj. marked by incisive sarcasm 挖的
9 florid adj. very flowery in style 丽的
10 acerbic adj. sharply or bitingly critical, sarcastic, or ironic in 尖刻的
11 succinct adj. marked by compact precise expression without 简洁的
wasted words
12 idiosyncrasy n. a peculiarity of constitution or temperament 癖好
13 collaborative adj. to work jointly with others or together especially 合作的
in an intellectual endeavor
14 illegible adj. not legible 的
15 dishearten v. to cause to lose hope, enthusiasm, or courage 使沮丧
16 vanguard n. the forefront of an action or movement 先
17 undergird v. to form the basis or foundation of 加强
18 elucidate v. to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis 明
19 authenticate v. to prove or serve to prove to be real, true, or 明是真的
genuine
20 impart v. to give, convey, or grant from or as if from a store 传授
21 stifle v. to withhold from circulation or expression 压制
22 suppress v. to put down by authority or force 抑制
23 obsession n. a persistent disturbing preoccupation with an often 痴
unreasonable idea or feeling
24 utilitarian adj. marked by utilitarian views or practices 实用的
25 intrinsic adj. belonging to the essential nature or constitution 本的
of a thing
26 aesthetic adj. of, relating to, or dealing with aesthetics or the 学的
beautiful
27 whistle v. to make a shrill clear sound especially by rapid 吹口哨
movement
28 impair v. to diminish in function, ability, or quality 损害

Section 142
序号单文中文
2 impediment n. something that impedes 妨碍
3 harbinger n. something that foreshadows a future event 兆
4 requisite adj. needed for a particular purpose 必品
5 aberration n. something or someone regarded as atypical and 异常
therefore able to be ignored or discounted
6 autumnal 已中年的
7 scintillating adj. brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty 才华横溢的
8 cosmopolitan adj. composed of persons, constituents, or elements 世界性的
from all or many parts of the world
9 ethnic adj. being a member of a specified ethnic group 种族的
10 homogeneous adj. of the same or a similar kind or nature 同的
11 enigmatic adj. mysterious 神秘的
12 assemble v. to fit together the parts of 合
13 onerous adj. involving, imposing, or constituting a burden 的
14 obsolescence n. the process of becoming obsolete or the condition 时
of being nearly obsolete
15 tried-and-true adj. proved good, desirable, or feasible 可
的
16 obstruct v. to block or close up by an obstacle 妨碍
17 hipster n. a person who is unusually aware of and interested 时的人
in new and unconventional patterns
18 trajectory n. the curve that a body (such as a planet or comet in
its orbit or a rocket) describes in space
19 shun v. to avoid deliberately and especially habitually 开
20 erudite adj. having or showing knowledge that is gained by 博学的
studying
21 ascetic adj. austere in appearance, manner, or attitude 禁欲的
22 peripatetic adj. moving or traveling from place to place 漫游的
23 coagulate v. to cause to become viscous or thickened into a 凝
coherent mass
24 pliable adj. adjustable to varying conditions 柔的，易改变
的
25 permeable adj. having pores or openings that permit liquids or 渗的
gases to pass through
26 malleable adj. capable of being altered or controlled by outside 可塑的
forces or influences
27 pervious adj. permeable 的
28 buoyant adj. capable of floating 漂浮的
29 pervasive adj. existing in or spreading through every part of 普的
something
30 indispensable adj. absolutely necessary 不可少的
31 ubiquitous adj. existing or being everywhere at the same time 无处不在的
Section 143
序号单文中文
1 anachronism n. an error in chronology 时代
3 intrusive adj. characterized by intrusion 侵入的
4 implore v. to make an earnest request to (someone) 恳求
5 echo v. repeat, imitate 复
6 query n. question, inquiry
7 exhort v. to give warnings or advice 忠告，劝
8 implicate v. to involve in the nature or operation of something 牵涉
9 pesky adj. troublesome, vexatious 厌的
10 mediocrity n. moderate ability or value 平庸
11 unbridled adj. unrestrained 无拘束的
12 unfettered adj. not controlled or restricted 无拘无束的
13 unalloyed adj. not alloyed 粹的
14 sybaritic adj. voluptuary, sensualist 奢淫的
15 solipsistic adj. of, relating to, or characterized by solipsism or 唯我的
extreme egocentricity
16 lockstep n. a standard method or procedure that is mindlessly 因循守旧
adhered to or that minimizes individuality
17 affective adj. relating to, arising from, or influencing feelings or 情感的
emotions
18 conjectural adj. of the nature of or involving or based on 推测的
conjecture
19 malign v. speak evil of
20 imperil v. endanger 危及
21 divisive adj. creating disunity or dissension 分的
22 convoluted adj. involved, intricate 复杂的
23 pilfer v. steal 偷窃
24 departure n. the act or an instance of departing 离开
25 endorse v. to approve openly 同
26 ameliorate v. to grow better 改善
27 betray v. show, indicate 出
28 paltry adj. trivial 无价值的
29 spurious adj. of falsified or erroneously attributed origin 伪的
30 ingenious adj. having or showing an unusual aptitude for 机灵的
discovering, inventing, or contriving
31 unscrupulous adj. unprincipled 无忌惮的
32 astute adj. mentally sharp or clever 机敏的
33 shrewd adj. marked by clever discerning awareness and 精明的
hardheaded acumen
34 vigorous adj. carried out forcefully and energetically 精力充沛的
35 sloppy adj. slovenly, careless 率的
36 unkempt adj. deficient in order or neatness 不整洁的

37 patriotic adj. inspired by patriotism 爱国的
38 vile adj. disgustingly or utterly bad 卑的
39 base adj. lacking or indicating the lack of higher qualities of 卑的
mind or spirit
40 lofty adj. elevated in character and spirit 崇的
41 stringent adj. marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially 严格的
with regard to rule or standard
Section 144
序号单文中文
1 parlous adj. full of danger or risk 危的
2 fiscal adj. of or relating to financial matters 政的
3 abet v. to actively second and encourage (something, 煽动
such as an activity or plan)
4 countenance v. to extend approval or toleration to 支持
5 implicate v. to involve in the nature or operation of something 牵涉
6 nihilism n. a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are 无主义
unfounded and that existence is senseless and
useless
7 exemplify v. to show or illustrate by example 例
8 revivify v. to give new life to 使复活
9 recapitulate v. to retell or restate briefly 概括
10 supersede v. to take the place or position of 取代
11 repudiate v. to reject as untrue or unjust 否定
12 protagonist n. the principal character in a literary work (such as a 主
drama or story)
13 prickly adj. easily irritated 易怒的
14 sentimental adj. marked or governed by feeling, sensibility, or 多愁善感的
emotional idealism
15 sympathy n. an affinity, association, or relationship between 同情
persons or things wherein whatever affects one
similarly affects the other
16 spontaneous adj. proceeding from natural feeling or native 发的
tendency without external constraint
17 petulant adj. insolent or rude in speech or behavior 暴的
18 precipitation n. a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or 水
snow
19 exacerbate v. to make more violent, bitter, or severe 加剧
20 console v. to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of 安慰
21 slight v. to treat with disdain or indifference
22 extoll v. to praise highly
23 disparage v. to lower in rank or reputation 低
24 anachronism n. an error in chronology 时代
26 tally v. to record on or as if on a tally 录
27 tabulate v. to count, record, or list systematically 制成格
28 defray v. to provide for the payment of 支付
29 accolade n. an expression of praise 称
30 exhaustive adj. including all possibilities 尽的
31 scrupulous adj. acting in strict regard for what is considered right 小心慎的
or proper
32 fraud n. deceit, trickery 欺
33 negligence n. failure to exercise the care that a reasonably 疏忽
prudent person would exercise in like circumstances
34 duplicity n. contradictory doubleness of thought, speech, or 不实
action
35 factitious adj. produced by humans rather than by natural 人工的
forces
36 apposite adj. highly pertinent or appropriate 恰当的
Section 145
序号单文中文
1 fervent adj. exhibiting or marked by great intensity of feeling 热心的，强烈的
2 phlegmatic adj. having or showing a slow and stolid temperament 冷淡的
3 obstreperous adj. marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness 吵的
4 edifying adj. instructive or informative in a way that improves 启的
the mind or character
5 grandiloquent adj. a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or 夸张的
bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in
language
6 affable adj. being pleasant and at ease in talking to others 友善的
7 cunning adj. characterized by wiliness and trickery 狡猾的
8 sagacious adj. of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment 睿智的
9 cavalier adj. marked by or given to offhand and often 漫不心的
disdainful dismissal of important matters
10 appropriate adj. especially suitable or compatible 恰当的
11 ostensible adj. being such in appearance 的
12 endearing adj. arousing feelings of affection or admiration 人喜欢的
13 at odds with 与…矛盾
14 fecund adj. fruitful in offspring or vegetation 沃的
15 rebellion n. opposition to one in authority or dominance 叛乱
16 dispassionate adj. not influenced by strong feeling 不带感情的
17 reckless adj. marked by lack of proper caution 的
18 rash adj. marked by or proceeding from undue haste or 率的
lack of deliberation or caution
19 enamor v. to inflame with love 使恋
20 enthrall v. to hold spellbound 着
21 unfazed adj. undaunted 不哭的
22 inept adj. lacking in fitness or aptitude 笨拙的
23 ancillary adj. auxiliary, supplementary 助的
Section 146
序号单文中文
1 contingency n. a contingent event or condition 偶然事件
2 misconstrue v. to interpret (something, such as a statement or
action) wrongly
3 embellish v. to make beautiful with ornamentation
4 candor n. unreserved, honest, or sincere expression 坦白
5 whimsy n. whim, caprice 反复无常
6 solipsism n. a theory holding that the self can know nothing but 唯我
its own modifications and that the self is the only
existent thing
7 antidote n. something that relieves, prevents, or counteracts 矫正方法
8 antecedent n. ancestors, parents 祖先
9 endemic adj. belonging or native to a particular people or 地方性的
country
10 antithetical adj. directly opposite or opposed 对立的
11 instill v. to impart gradually 渐灌
12 corroborate v. to support with evidence or authority 实
13 oppression n. unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power 压制
14 assimilation n. an act, process, or instance of assimilating 同化，吸收
15 elaborate v. to expand something in detail
16 fraught adj. causing or characterized by emotional distress or 成紧张的
tension
17 anathema n. someone or something intensely disliked or 可憎的事物
loathed
18 pivotal adj. vitally important 关的
19 repellent adj. arousing aversion or disgust 令人厌的
20 camouflage v. to conceal or disguise by camouflage 伪
21 augment v. to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more 增加
intense
22 asteroid 小星
23 stratified adj. divided into social classes 分层的
24 destabilize v. to make unstable 使动摇
25 minutiae n. a minute or minor detail 不的
Section 147
序号单文中文
1 distress v. to cause to worry or be troubled 使痛
2 quotidian adj. occurring every day 平凡的
3 unwonted adj. being out of the ordinary 不平常的
4 nebulous adj. indistinct, vague 朦的
5 largesse n. generosity 慷慨予
6 platitude n. the quality or state of being dull or insipid 滥
7 toucan 犀
8 hazardous adj. involving or exposing one to risk (as of loss or 有危的
harm)
9 bulky adj. having great volume in proportion to weight 庞大的
10 arbitrary adj. existing or coming about seemingly at random or 武断的
by chance or as a capricious and unreasonable act of
will
11 expedient adj. suitable for achieving a particular end in a given 权宜的
circumstance
12 superannuate v. to retire and pension because of age or infirmity 养使休
13 vilify v. to utter slanderous and abusive statements against ，伤
14 pernicious adj. highly injurious or destructive 有害的
15 salutary adj. producing a beneficial effect 有益的
16 relinquish v. to withdraw or retreat from 放弃
17 transcribe v. to make a written copy of 录
18 elastic adj. capable of recovering size and shape after 有弹性的
deformation
19 slant v. to give an oblique or sloping direction to 倾斜
20 splenetic adj. marked by bad temper, malevolence, or spite 气差的
21 surreptitious adj. done, made, or acquired by stealth 祟祟的
22 acrimonious adj. angry and bitter 的
23 loath adj. unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways 不情愿的
of thinking
24 strand n. one of the wires twisted together or laid parallel to 串
form a wire rope or cable
25 germ n. a small mass of living substance capable of 微生物
developing into an organism or one of its parts
26 reparable adj. capable of being repaired 可偿的
27 heterogeneous adj. consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or 混杂的
constituents
28 malleable adj. capable of being extended or shaped by beating 可塑的
with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers
29 variegated adj. having discrete markings of different colors 富于变化的
Section 148
序号单文中文
1 pharmacotherapy 物疗法
2 tenable adj. capable of being held, maintained, or defended 站得住的
3 sanguine adj. marked by eager hopefulness 乐的
4 wary adj. marked by keen caution, cunning, and 慎的
watchfulness especially in detecting and escaping
danger
5 deplore v. to consider unfortunate or deserving of
deprecation
6 disguise v. to obscure the existence or true state or 掩
character of
7 derail v. to cause to run off the rails
8 occasion v. bring about, cause 引
9 embellish v. to make beautiful with ornamentation
10 unpretentious adj. free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation 不招摇的
11 archaic adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or 古的
more primitive time
12 egalitarian adj. asserting, promoting, or marked by 平等主义的
egalitarianism
13 indelible adj. that cannot be removed, washed away, or 忘的
erased
14 estrange v. to arouse especially mutual enmity or 使疏
indifference in (someone) where there had formerly
been love, affection, or friendliness
15 paucity n. smallness of number 乏
16 opaque adj. blocking the passage of radiant energy and 不明的
especially light
17 vacuum n. emptiness of space 空白
18 slight v. to treat as slight or unimportant
19 corroborate v. to support with evidence or authority 实
Section 149
序号单文中文
1 ponderous adj. unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size 笨的
2 jocular adj. characterized by jesting 滑稽的
3 abstruse adj. difficult to comprehend 深奥的
4 transitory adj. of brief duration 短暂的
5 motif n. a dominant idea or central theme 主旨
6 monolithic adj. consisting of or constituting a single unit 单一的
7 homogeneity n. the quality or state of being of a similar kind or of 同
having a uniform structure or composition throughout
8 longevity n. a long duration of individual life 寿
9 circumscribe v. to constrict the range or activity of definitely and 制
clearly
10 utilitarian adj. marked by utilitarian views or practices 实用主义的
11 negligible adj. so small or unimportant or of so little 微不的
consequence as to warrant little or no attention
12 colossal adj. of an exceptional or astonishing degree 常的，巨大的
13 meager adj. deficient in quality or quantity 乏的
14 indefatigable adj. incapable of being fatigued 不知疲倦的
15 sporadic adj. occurring occasionally, singly, or in irregular or 断断的
random instances
16 epitomize v. to serve as the typical or ideal example of 成为…的典
17 mitigate v. to make less severe or painful 减
18 outweigh v. to exceed in weight, value, or importance
19 polarize v. to cause to vibrate in a definite pattern 使极化
20 forestall v. to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation 先止
or measures
21 undergird v. to form the basis or foundation of 加强
22 dogmatic adj. characterized by or given to the expression of 教条的
opinions very strongly or positively as if they were
facts
23 illusory adj. based on or producing illusion 假的
24 immutable adj. not capable of or susceptible to change 不变的
25 harness v. utilize 利用
26 streamline v. to make simpler or more efficient 使简单化
27 imitate v. mimic, counterfeit 模仿
28 mimic v. to imitate closely 模仿
29 hinder v. to make slow or difficult the progress of 碍
30 pertinent adj. having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in 相关的
hand
31 expediency n. adherence to expedient means and methods 权宜之
Section 150
序号单文中文
1 claptrap n. pretentious nonsense 废
2 sentimental adj. marked or governed by feeling, sensibility, or 多愁善感的
emotional idealism
3 disservice n. an unhelpful, unkind, or harmful act 帮倒忙
4 acerbic adj. sharply or bitingly critical, sarcastic, or ironic in 尖刻的
5 supercilious adj. coolly and patronizingly haughty 目空一切的
6 maudlin adj. weakly and effusively sentimental 容易流泪的
7 linger v. to be slow in parting or in quitting something 留
8 proselytize v. to induce someone to convert to one's faith 使（在宗教、政治
等方）归
9 extemporize v. to do something extemporaneously 即兴演
10 fulminate v. to utter or send out with denunciation 严厉
11 predicament n. a difficult, perplexing, or trying situation 窘况
12 paradigm n. example, pattern 例
13 prototype n. an original model on which something is patterned 模
14 versatile adj. having many uses or applications 多才多的
15 retract v. to recant or disavow something 撤
16 amenable adj. capable of submission 服从的
17 propagate v. to transmit (something, such as sound or light) 宣传
through a medium
18 upend v. to rise on an end 倒
19 splinter v. to split into fragments, parts, or factions 分
20 capitulate v. to surrender often after negotiation of terms 屈服
21 coalesce v. to unite into a whole 合并
22 proliferate v. to cause to increase in number or extent as if by 激增
proliferating
23 convoluted adj. involved, intricate 复杂的
24 synonymous adj. having the same connotations, implications, or 同义的
reference
25 villain n. a character in a story or play who opposes the hero 反派主
26 nuanced adj. having or characterized by subtle and often 具有微差别的
appealingly complex qualities, aspects, or
distinctions
27 trite adj. not fresh or original 的
28 monotonous adj. uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone 单的
29 banal adj. lacking originality, freshness, or novelty 的
30 subtle adj. difficult to understand or perceive 不易察的
31 skirt v. to go or pass around or about 回
32 circumvent v. to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or
stratagem
33 winning adj. tending to please or delight 吸引人的

34 detached adj. exhibiting an aloof objectivity usually free from 客的
prejudice or self-interest
35 quotidian adj. commonplace, ordinary 平凡的
36 unwieldy adj. not easily managed, handled, or used 笨拙的
37 salubrious adj. favorable to or promoting health or well-being 气候有益健康的

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旨在帮助GRE考生打破信息不对称

《GRE 填 1500 》 套使 。 将填 个 section 中 挑

21 gainsay v. to deny or disagree with (something) 否认

48 exaggerate v. to think of or describe something as larger or 夸张

7 feeble a. very weak 虚弱的

36 conviviality n. the quality of or relating to social events where 友好

29 unwarranted a. lacking adequate or official support 没有根据的

23 oust v. to cause or force (someone or something) to 逐出

24 amplify v. to make (something, such as a musical 扩大（声

22 disown v. to say or decide that you will no longer be 断绝与…的

24 conjecture n. an opinion or idea formed without proof or 推测

v. to run counter to: contradict 与……矛盾

24 confrontation n. a situation in which people, groups, etc., fight, 面对

30 serenity n. the quality or state of being calm and peaceful 宁静

28 palpable a. capable of being touched or felt 摸得着的

28 concession n. the act or an instance of giving up or admitting 让步，迁就

24 wary a. not having or showing complete trust in 谨慎的

28 quandary n. a situation in which you are confused about 左右为难

25 scold v. a person who often criticizes other people in 责骂

49 entice v. to attract (someone) especially by offering or 怂恿

27 complimentary a. expressing praise or admiration for someone 赞美的

a. complicated and hard to do 复杂难做的

32 tenure n. the right to keep a job (especially the job of （尤指大学

26 distortion n. the act of twisting out of shape or making 扭曲

26 trivial a. of little worth or importance 不重要的

27 flamboyant a. having a very noticeable quality that attracts 华丽的

31 coincident a. happening at the same time 同时发生的

28 cluster n. a group of things or people that are close （人或动物

28 concomitant n. something that happens at the same time as 伴随发生的

24 forgo v. to give up the use or enjoyment of (something) 放弃（想做

stymie v. to stop (someone) from doing something or to 妨碍

29 malady n. a disease or illness 疾病

30 offset v. to create an equal balance between two things 抵消

28 indeterminate a. not able to be stated or described in an exact 不明确的

34 derision n. the feeling that people express when they 嘲弄

28 debunk v. to show that something (such as a belief or 揭穿真相

31 respite n. a short period of time when you are able to stop 暂缓

a. not certain, definite, or strong: flimsy, weak, or 站不住脚的

26 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or 使混淆

25 radical a. very new and different from what is traditional 激进的

32 unruly a. difficult to control 任性;难驾驭

30 sway v. to exert a building or controlling influence on 动摇

28 comprehensive a. covering completely or broadly 综合的;广泛

29 secure v. to get secure usually lasting possession or 获得

26 breeze n. a light gentle wind 微风

22 eschew v. to avoid especially because you do not think it 避免

29 confound v. to surprise and confuse (someone or 使混淆

28 monotonous a. tediously uniform or unvarying （声音，话

53 defy v. to confront with assured power of resistance 公然反抗;不

27 coincide v. to happen at the same time as something 同时发生

32 opaque a. not letting light through: not transparent; 不透明的；

26 inversion n. a change in the position, order, or relationship 倒置；颠倒

28 partisanship n. the support for a person or group without fair 偏袒

28 generality n. the quality or state of being general rather 概论

29 endemic a. growing or existing in a certain place or 地方性的

26 precious a. very valuable or important 珍贵的

29 controvert v. to dispute or oppose by reasoning 驳斥;反驳

12 ameliorate v. to make (something, such as a problem) better, 改善

28 gigantic a. extremely large 庞大的

17 divergence n. difference, disagreement (意见、态度等

26 vitiate v. to make (something) less effective: to ruin or 破坏

28 humidity n. moisture in the air: the amount of moisture (空气中的)湿度

GRE填空机经1500题生词伴侣

GRE填空机经1500题生词伴侣

《GRE 填 1500 》套使。将填个 section 中挑