MOHIUDDIN HOSSAIN

(2020-1-10-247)

Effects of Globalization on the IT Industry.

Introduction of Information Technology

Information Technology (IT) can be also described as the use of computers to generate, process,
store, retrieve, and share all forms of electronic data & information. It is a broad area that deals with
computing, including hardware, software, telecommunications, and anything else that has to do with
information transmission or communication networks.

In an essay published in the Harvard Business Review in 1958, Harold J. Levitt and Thomas L.
Smith coined the phrase "information technology" in its contemporary understanding. The phrase is
used to describe current technical advancements in our world because of creativity and ingenuity.
Computers, the internet, websites, browsing, e-mail, e-commerce, e-governance, videoconferencing,
cellular phones, paging, fax machines, smart cards, credit cards, ATM cards, and other modern
innovations are included.
IT is the combination of several sub-section. In a company's IT department a lot of individuals
perform a lot of duty and responsibility. These responsibilities include anything from safeguarding
systems and data to maintaining and operating networks. Data entry, database management, and
programming are all done by different skilled individuals. Data management, whether in the form of
text, speech, picture, audio, or any other media, is included in IT. It may also include difficulties
relating to the Internet. Because the Internet is its own field, this gives IT a whole new meaning.
Because data transport is a function of IT, the Internet will be included. IT has been ingrained in our
daily lives and is rapidly expanding into new areas. There is no denying the great importance of
global information and communication technology in the modern age when the effects of
globalization have reached from the highest levels of the world to the interior of our homes. As the
world's population has grown over time, so has the need for and importance of information and
communication. Information technology has probably contributed the most to making people's lives
easier and more comfortable by eliminating the growing disadvantages of information and
communication. Technology is the magic wand invented by man in the modern age, by the
application of which man has repeatedly facilitated his society and personal life, as well as advanced
civilization in many ways.
 Information technology Industry

The information technology (IT) industry includes Firms that develop software, hardware, or
semiconductor equipment, as well as companies that provide internet or related services, all part of
the information technology (IT) industry.

It is beneficial in making things simpler in the ever-evolving global manufacturing sector. Within
the IT sector, the three key industrial areas are software and services, technology hardware
and equipment, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment. These three industry
groupings are subdivided further into industries and sub-industries.IT industry.IT industry is one
of the most rapidly growing industries of the current world. Globalization is one of the biggest
reasons behind it.
Revolution of IT:
The need for information and communication technology was first realized in history in the early
twentieth century, most likely on the verge of World War I. Since the end of World War I, the
world's international socioeconomic environment has been swiftly shifting. Scientific research is
sweeping the globe in an effort to enhance one's country through fresh discoveries.

Then, in the mid-twentieth century, World War II exploded all across the world. For the first
time in history, information and communication technologies were employed sparingly during
World War II. With the end of World War II, the world's picture began to shift more fast. The
Cold War between the world's two superpowers also resulted in heated competition for scientific
advancement all around the world. It also has a huge impact on information and communication
technology. Then in the seventies, when the Internet came to the world, a kind of revolution took
place in the field of information and communication technology. From that time on, the character
of information and communication technology in the world began to evolve very fast.
After continuous innovation, improvement & major changes now we live in the era of
Information technology. Electronic computer was first introduced in the early 1940s.Digital
networks operate upon information technology. The growth of high-tech communication
mediums has brought the world closer together; we can now discover in real time what is
happening in the farthest reaches of the globe. In today's world, information technology has a
wide range of benefits in education. Students' basic skills can be benefited, enhanced, and
deepened on using technology. It helps kids mature and become computer literate adults by
allowing them to do so. This computer literacy enables young folks to learn about a wide range
of topics. This usage contributes to the development of a well-educated and prosperous nation.
The capacity of information technology to reduce paper use in the office is a significant benefit.
Internal memoranda and reports can be sent and received electronically, eliminating the need for
paper. As a computer-based communications system. Information technology has spread its hand
in many fields and brought revolutionary changes. Some of them are education, medical,
banking, e-commerce, digital marketing and so on. So we can say information technology
walked a long way so rapidly and reached a place today where we can't imagine a moment
without IT.
Anuksha Tahsin
Id:2020-1-10-454

Globalization:
Globalization has completely altered the way in which the world operates. The barriers that once
hindered our ability to communicate and interact with people across the world have diminished.
Globalization has become ingrained in all fields: business, government, economic, social. In this
paper the role of globalization on society will be discussed and in particular, the impact of
globalization on the business environment. Also, over the past few decades advancements in
information technology have had a profound on the global landscape as well as on the
progression of globalization. The argument will be presented, that innovation in information
technology has been a major driving force behind globalization and that information technology
has now become a key component of a corporation’s global business trade, education, economic
development and technological advancement.
Key factors of globalization:

Power of
balance

Economics
Community
and trade

What is
globalization?

Imigration
Technological
and cultural
advancement
changes
 • Power of balance: The growth of worldwide cultural, economic, and political activity is
a byproduct of globalization. As people, ideas, knowledge, and things travel more freely
around the world, people's experiences become more similar.
• Community: The velocity of global technological, economic, political, and cultural
exchanges is rising as a result of globalization processes, resulting in an ever-increasing
engagement between citizens of all societies. Globalization is associated to massive and
rapid human change. The flow of people from rural to urban regions has intensified, and
the rise of cities in developing countries, in particular, is connected to many people living
in inadequate conditions. Family discord, as well as societal and domestic violence, are
on the rise.

• Technological advancement: The pace of innovation dissemination has escalated as a

result of globalization. Cross-border technological transfer has not only helped advanced
and emerging economies increase their domestic production, but it has also contributed to
restructure the innovation landscape.
• Immigration and cultural changes:
Amongst the most evident and major consequences of globalization is increased
• migration increasing numbers of individuals move inside countries and across borders in
search of better job opportunities and better lifestyles.
• Economics and trade: The increase of international trade over the years has been a
result of the globalization process. Thus, both consumers and companies can now choose
from a wider range of products and services. Economic globalization refers to the
increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-
border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and
rapid spread of technologies.

Role of globalization on society:

“Globalization”. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the role of globalization on society
and in particular, the impact of globalization on the business environment. The argument will be
presented that innovation in information technology has been a major driving force behind
globalization and that information technology has now become a key component of a
corporation’s global business strategy.
- The Age of Globalization: Impact of Information Technology on Global Business Strategies
Six Processes of Globalization. Globalization is such an expansive and intricate concept that it is
often hard to define, but in the same way, because of its breadth there are many different takes on
just what globalization is. Two well-respected anthropologists define globalization as, “the
intensification of global interconnectedness, suggesting a world full of movement and mixture,
contact and linkages, and persistent cultural interaction and exchange”.1 Just using one definition
however, does not justly describe all that globalization is. In order to truly get a deeper
understanding of globalization you need to delve deeper into what makes globalization what it is.
In order to provide you with that background I will explain six processes that merge together to
provide a solid foundation of what exactly globalization is.
1) Speeding Up of flows of capital, people, goods, images and ideas across the globe. Through
increased communication, transportation and technology, flows have quickened immensely.
Basically, this is the quickening of actions that used to take much longer to complete. For
example, the mail system, it used to take weeks to transport a piece of mail during the period of
the American Revolution, now you can mail objects across the globe instantaneously.
2) Intensification of the links, modes of interaction and flows that interconnect the world.
Meaning, much more information is given to you at one time than ever before. For example, in
the 1940’s all you had for news was the radio, now, on your computer screen you can have feeds
from 10 different news sources, while getting news on your cell phone and watching the news on
TV all at the same time.
3) Stretching Out of social, cultural, political and economic practices across frontiers. This
means that practices and decisions made in one part of the world can have consequences on
communities and cultures in other locations around the world. The Age of Globalization: Impact
of Information Technology on Global Business Strategies Senior Capstone Project for Benjamin
Lawlor and social effect on the rest of the world as many countries saw it as an imposing threat
and gesture by the country.
4) Interdependency of the global and the local landscape such that, while everyone might
continue to live their local lives, their actions made in their local environment have become
global events that come back to have an impact on local spaces. Basically, whatever actions done
locally, have an effect on the global landscape. For example, using something as simple as sugar,
can have a significant effect on the people of Brazil who produce the sugar we consume.
5) Anti-Eurocentric movement from the practices that take European or Western values,
concerns, good and culture and place them on other countries located around the globe. By
getting away from Eurocentrism, there is now also movement that occurs between periphery
(smaller, less powerful) countries and from periphery countries to the Western countries. It used
to be that all values, goods, and cultures came from the United States and European countries
and were then passed to everyone else, but now values, goods, and cultures come from all over
the world and are shared to any number of countries across the globe. A good example of this
would be the medicine. Many of the medicines we use here in the United States come from
natural treatments and resources found in other countries.
6) “Westernization” does not occur, in the sense that people absorb ideas, values and lifestyles
from Western Civilization. People now customize their own ideas, values and lifestyles.
Meaning that people do not just take what is provided for them, people now shape and form their
own ways of living that was once not the case. For example, in the early part of the 20th century
when immigrants from Western Europe came to the United States, they tried their best assimilate
with the American lifestyle in order to provide a better opportunity for their families. Now
immigrants assimilate somewhat to American life, but for the most part they make their own way
of life that is unlike any others. The six italicized terms are the names of the six processes that
should be remembered when thinking of globalization. the processes. In either case however,
when all six processes are combined, they form the basis behind globalization
How globalization and IT is related:
Globalization has increased the pace of technological diffusion. Cross-border technological
transfer has not only contributed to rising domestic productivity levels in advanced and emerging
economies, but it has also facilitated a partial reshaping of the innovation landscape.
In its most basic form globalization describes the process by which regional economies ,
societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through
communication, transportation and trade.
Information technology has fastened the pace of globalization. It has revolutionized the way
interaction is done. Owing to its development, people can get connected to anyone, in every
corner of the world, instantly. Except physical movement of products, every other transaction is
possible through internet.
Information and communication technology is closely connected with globalization. In recent
times, technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers, internet has been changing
rapidly.
(i) Telecommunications facilities such as telegraph, telephone including mobiles, fax have
brought the world closer. Now people can contact around the world easily. These developments
are used to access the information
instantly and communicate in the remote areas.
(ii) Computer and internet have entered in almost all the fields. Internet allows one to share
information on almost everything. We can send instant e-mail and talk through voice-mail across
the world at almost negligible cost.
Apart from that globalization has mainly have a huge impact on business field, technological
development and cultural development:
 Bussines development

Technology development

Culture development

Globalization and Business:

There was a time when

consumers only had access to
goods and services that were
available locally. Their
choices were limited by what
they could access on foot, by
horse, or by carriage. This is
still the case for many people
around the world, and in rural
and remote parts of the U.S.,
it’s still necessary for
families to make weekly trips
to town to stock up on food,
household items, and other
necessities. However, with
the rise of Internet-based
business (think Amazon),
there’s been an explosion of international trade, and more and more consumers essentially have
the world at their door. Of course international trade isn’t just a twentieth-century phenomenon.
Trade across borders and between cultures has been a feature of human civilization for centuries
—there’s evidence of this dating back as far as the 19th century BCE. The Silk Road, one of the
best-known and most enduring “international” trade routes, began sometime around 200 BCE
and for centuries was central to cultural interaction from China through regions of the Asian
continent all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.

Globalization boosts technological development:

 The increasing intensity of global
knowledge flows points to important
benefits of globalization. While
globalization has been much criticized for its
possible negative side effects, our study
shows that globalization has amplified the
spread of technology across borders in two
ways. First, globalization allows countries
to gain easier access to foreign knowledge.
Second, it enhances international
competition—including as a result of the rise
of emerging market firms—and this
strengthens firms’ incentives to innovate and
adopt foreign technologies.

Cultural development:

Globalization is a term used to

describe how trade and
technology have made the world
into a more connected and
interdependent place.
Globalization also captures in its
scope the economic and social
changes that have come about as a
result. It may be pictured as the
threads of an immense spider web
formed over millennia, with the
number and reach of these threads
increasing over time. People,
money, material goods, ideas, and
even disease and devastation have
traveled these silken strands, and have done so in greater numbers and with greater speed than
ever in the present age.
Md. Sakibul Haque

2020-1-10-403

Current scenario of globalization on technology and communication:

Most national economies' structural features and operating methods have been fundamentally
affected by the information technology revolution. Indeed, the transition from the industrial to
the information era has resulted in the reorganization of the labor market, the establishment of
new economic institutions, and the reorganization of the macroeconomic system. Information
and communications technology has played a critical role in the new economy. This is especially
true when it comes to the shifting structure of multinational manufacturing. Firms are integrating
the production and marketing of products and services across national borders in this
environment. Previously undertaken between autonomous organizations, international economic
transactions are now socialized into a single enterprise or multinational corporation. Services
may now be decoupled from manufacturing and exchanged or done remotely thanks to new
technical infrastructure. The market for an increasing number of globally linked but
geographically dispersed corporate firms is now global, rather than national or regional, in this
modern setting. Indeed, the virtual market of the internet has superseded the physical market for
company to business and business to consumer transactions due to the collapse of time and space
through the medium of information/communications technology. The economics of profitability
continue to influence the production of commodities and the provision of services in the new
global economy. To put it another way, the high cost of information technology infrastructure
and the highly skilled labor required in the manufacturing process necessitate a marketing niche
that caters to a large global market rather than a small national market.
It also necessitated the introduction of the concept of mass customization as well as cultural
sensitivity. This is in addition to the logistical advantages of globalizing production and forming
international economic alliances through mergers, acquisitions, hostile takeovers, alliances, and
networks to bring previously uncontrolled economic transactions under administrative control.
The workplace structure has undergone a significant transformation as a result of the new
economy. It has replaced the top-down, rigid, hierarchical structure with a more flexible,
horizontal, integrated work environment model. It has also highlighted the three most important
skills for the information age. First, academic skills that lay the groundwork for getting and
keeping a job, as well as achieving the best results. These abilities include the ability to
communicate effectively, think critically, and learn for the rest of one's life. Second, personal
management abilities such as a blend of positive attitudes, accountability, and adaptability. Time
management, individual accountability, and meeting deadlines are examples of these. Third,
teamwork skills, which necessitate a personal disposition to collaborate with members of a
diverse and diverse group. Indeed, the greatest challenge for new generation managers, as well as
the most unique opportunity, is to harness the enormous potential and remarkable creativity of a
workforce environment that brings together human diversity, as well as professional and
occupational dissimilarity, in a harmonious and productive workplace structure. The crucial
process of commercializing scientific discoveries and new inventions is at the heart of the
information and communications revolution. There's no denying that the path from invention to
innovation is long and winding, with numerous stumbling blocks along the way. Many
inventions are frequently abandoned due to difficulties in obtaining the necessary financial
capital or adapting an invention to the economic realities of mass production. Furthermore, in
today's world, people like Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Guglielmo Marconi, who
practically single-handedly gave us ground-breaking inventions, are few and far between.
Today's inventions are more likely to be the result of a collaborative effort and a concerted
research and development effort by a government laboratory, a university, or a major
corporation. When it comes to the process of invention, economists are divided into two camps.
The first school of thought holds that inventions are a gradual and marginal process. The second
school of thought contends that certain inventions act as catalysts for abrupt structural change,
which sweeps the economy in a tidal wave of production realignments and technological
clustering. Whatever school of thought one follows, there is no denying that the great inventions
that occurred between 1860 and 1900 during the Industrial Revolution had a significant impact
on economic productivity and personal lifestyle. Electricity, the internal combustion engine,
radio, the telephone, the phonograph, motion pictures, the chemical and pharmaceutical
industries, advances in entertainment, communications, urban sanitation, and air and motor
transportation were among these inventions. The Information Revolution has resulted in a new
wave of inventions, as well as significant structural and economic changes. It's worth noting that
we're only at the start of a second significant cluster of innovations with far-reaching economic
and social implications in the twenty-first century. Although the list of new economy inventions
is still growing, it already includes computers, the internet, and telecommunications devices.
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need

to collaborate with domestic

software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need

to collaborate with domestic

software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries may
face difficulties in exploiting the
opportunities to
better meet consumer requirements
through the IT capabilities
associated with the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This may
open up new opportunities for IT
firms to benefit from the
capabilities and experiences that
they have gained over the years in
managing innovations and
mastering ITs. IT firms may be
able to lead in the development of
IT-enabled products and
globalize their business models to
gain power in the value delivery
network for some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated over
the years. For instance, IT firms
have begun to participate and gain
advantages in the value chain for
some products such as
phones, watches, TV products,
home security systems, etc.
Additionally, IT firms may have
advantages in some components of the
value chain. For instance, IT firms
may have advantages
in the market for GPS products and
their localized versions. International
car makers would need

to collaborate with domestic

software companies that specialize
in the regional markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to better
serve the needs of consumers in
each distinct country or geography
across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries
may face difficulties in
exploiting the opportunities to
better meet consumer
requirements through the IT
capabilities associated with
the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This
may open up new
opportunities for IT firms to
benefit from the
capabilities and experiences
that they have gained over the
years in managing innovations
and
mastering ITs. IT firms may
be able to lead in the
development of IT-enabled
products and
globalize their business
models to gain power in the
value delivery network for
some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated
over the years. For instance, IT
firms
have begun to participate and
gain advantages in the value
chain for some products such
as
phones, watches, TV
products, home security
systems, etc. Additionally, IT
firms may have
advantages in some components
of the value chain. For instance,
IT firms may have advantages
in the market for GPS products
and their localized versions.
International car makers would
need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that
specialize in the regional
markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to
better serve the needs of
consumers in
each distinct country or
geography across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries
may face difficulties in
exploiting the opportunities to
better meet consumer
requirements through the IT
capabilities associated with
the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This
may open up new
opportunities for IT firms to
benefit from the
capabilities and experiences
that they have gained over the
years in managing innovations
and
mastering ITs. IT firms may
be able to lead in the
development of IT-enabled
products and
globalize their business
models to gain power in the
value delivery network for
some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated
over the years. For instance, IT
firms
have begun to participate and
gain advantages in the value
chain for some products such
as
phones, watches, TV
products, home security
systems, etc. Additionally, IT
firms may have
advantages in some components
of the value chain. For instance,
IT firms may have advantages
in the market for GPS products
and their localized versions.
International car makers would
need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that
specialize in the regional
markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to
better serve the needs of
consumers in
each distinct country or
geography across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries
may face difficulties in
exploiting the opportunities to
better meet consumer
requirements through the IT
capabilities associated with
the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This
may open up new
opportunities for IT firms to
benefit from the
capabilities and experiences
that they have gained over the
years in managing innovations
and
mastering ITs. IT firms may
be able to lead in the
development of IT-enabled
products and
globalize their business
models to gain power in the
value delivery network for
some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated
over the years. For instance, IT
firms
have begun to participate and
gain advantages in the value
chain for some products such
as
phones, watches, TV
products, home security
systems, etc. Additionally, IT
firms may have
advantages in some components
of the value chain. For instance,
IT firms may have advantages
in the market for GPS products
and their localized versions.
International car makers would
need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that
specialize in the regional
markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to
better serve the needs of
consumers in
each distinct country or
geography across the globe
IT augmented customer value
evolution.
Firms in traditional industries
may face difficulties in
exploiting the opportunities to
better meet consumer
requirements through the IT
capabilities associated with
the secondary
and tertiary attributes. This
may open up new
opportunities for IT firms to
benefit from the
capabilities and experiences
that they have gained over the
years in managing innovations
and
mastering ITs. IT firms may
be able to lead in the
development of IT-enabled
products and
globalize their business
models to gain power in the
value delivery network for
some of the
products that traditional
manufacturers have dominated
over the years. For instance, IT
firms
have begun to participate and
gain advantages in the value
chain for some products such
as
phones, watches, TV
products, home security
systems, etc. Additionally, IT
firms may have
advantages in some components
of the value chain. For instance,
IT firms may have advantages
in the market for GPS products
and their localized versions.
International car makers would
need
to collaborate with domestic
software companies that
specialize in the regional
markets for
products such as GPS or
entertainment platforms to
better serve the needs of
consumers in
each distinct country or
geography across the globe
Positive effects of globalization on information and communication:

A transformation that has taken place because of globalization is technology transformations

Technological globalization can be defined as the increasing speed of technological diffusion
across the global economy. It refers to the spread of technologies around the globe, and
particularly from developed to developing nations. With rapid developments in technological
innovations in the 21st Century and increased ease and speed at which we can move technologies
across the world economy, technological globalization is occurring at a faster rate than ever. it’s
also a cause of globalization because new technologies like the internet and cell phones make it
easier to conduct cross-border trade and interactions. Similarly, technologies that have made air
flight more efficient have helped increase the flow of people around the world. There are some
positive effects of globalization on IT sector.

1. Easier International Trade: With digital technologies we can speed up customs at

nation-state borders, move money more efficiently and even move goods faster as air
flight innovation improves. A clear example is the rise of international currency
conversion apps like Transfer Wise.

2. Economic Growth: The World Bank found that technological globalization has
“contributed to rising domestic productivity levels in advanced and emerging
economies.” Technologies can help us produce good more efficiently and with less
manpower, which in turn makes those goods cheaper and allows businesses to scale
faster.

3. Reducing Poverty: The World bank also found that technological globalization has
overall reduced poverty rates around the world. They state: “Rapid technological progress
in developing countries has been central to the reduction of poverty in recent decades”.

4. Fast Technological Innovation: The global spread of technology has also enabled
scientists and engineers around the world to engage in global competition. Each nation
observes other nations’ innovations and builds on them, enabling technology to be
developed faster and faster.

5. Rise of Online Communities: Those with access to the internet are able to develop
contacts with others who share their own hobbies and interests around the world. This has
 allowed people to ‘find their tribe’ and helped people to develop their identities in unique
new ways, rather than around traditional nationalistic or regional identity formations.

(Nafisa Tabassum Oboni ,

2020-1-10-372)

Negative effect of globalization on its industry

Nothing on earth has only one side. There are always some drawbacks, globalization is not
different from this .

There is a relationship between the IT industry and globalization which can’t be ignored.
globalization allows countries to gain easier access to foreign knowledge. It enhances
international competition—including as a result of the rise of emerging market firms—and this
strengthens firms' incentives to innovate and adopt foreign technologies. Although globalization
can be expected to have a positive impact on IT use in the country due to price reductions and
improvements in quality as a result of competition, it may also have a negative impact on the
technological capability of some domestic hardware manufacturing firms.

The impact of globalization may be both positive and negative; it provides a pathway to
continuous technological upgrading, but at the same time threatens the very survival of
indigenous IT firms and their technological capabilities, painstakingly built on the basis of
import substitution. There are some negative effects of globalization on IT industry:

● Because of globalization a lot of people are losing their jobs. The oppression of weaker
and poorer economies by those that are more robust; “the rich get richer, the poor get
poorer” The danger of job loss, with certain industries and sectors sending jobs to
countries where workers are willing to do the same amount of work or more for smaller
wages.

● Multinational corporations often get away with poor, unsafe, unethical, or exploitative
working conditions due to variations in laws and regulations from one country to another
● Multinational corporations can exploit tax haven nations, sending large portions of
revenue offshore to avoid taxation.
Pandemic, globalization and IT industry:

During this sudden pandemic we saw that there was a change in every sector. Though mainly the
information technology industry boomed in this pandemic situation but we can also notice that in
the past few years because of the pandemic there number of workers decreased tremendously.
There were a shortage in the production , the demand were high but because of the lack of
workers the companies were not able to make new products . There was a shortage of hardware
in the market though it was for a short period of time.

Economic growth and global IT industry

Economic growth and IT is interrelated. In economics, it is widely accepted that technology is
the key driver of economic growth of countries, regions and cities. Technological progress
allows for the more efficient production of more and better goods and services, which is what
prosperity depends on.

Information Technology can be considered a key source of economic development, and

technological advancements have a substantial impact on the development of developing
countries like Bangladesh. Economic growth and technological advancement are inextricably
linked.

Economic growth is also influenced by technological advancements. A high degree of

technology can be used to achieve a rapid rate of growth. According to Schumpeter, the only
predictor of economic advancement is innovation or information and technological progress.
However, if the degree of technology remains constant, the growing process will come to a halt.
As a result, technical advancement is what keeps the economy moving. In industrialized
countries, inventions and innovations have been significantly responsible for rapid economic
expansion.

The growth of net national income in developed countries cannot be claimed to have been due to
capital alone. After some observation, this is clear that a major part of this increased
productivity is due to technological changes. Robert Solow estimated that technological change
accounted for about 2/3 of growth of the U.S. economy; after allowing for growth in the labor
force and capital stock.

In fact, information and technology can be regarded as primary sources of economic

development and the various technological changes contribute significantly in the development
of underdeveloped countries. The impact of technological change on production functions can be
illustrated with the help of following diagrams.

In the above figures 1 to 3 R’ is an isoquant of production function before technological change

and R’ represents the same quantities output after the innovation in the first figure. The
innovation is neutral with respect to labor and capital. The new production function R shows that
the same output can be produced with less labor and less capital after information and
technological advancement in the industry .

Advanced manufacturing technologies have altered long-standing patterns of productivity

and employment. Improved air and sea transportation has greatly accelerated the worldwide
flow of people and goods. All this has both created and mandated greater interdependence
among firms and nations.
 ● Economic growth due to IT in covid 19 situation:

Suddenly the whole world was facing a tough situation because of the sudden breakdown of
coronavirus. everyone were stuck in their own houses so that was the time when IT sector
boomed. A lot of people bought new computers and laptops because of the work from home and
the students also brought new phones and other electrical devices for online classes , this was
one of the global IT industry booms and the economic growth also raised .

Technological change shifts up the production function and allows an economy to produce
more real GDP per hour worked with the same quantity of capital per hour worked.

This cannot be ignored that in our country, Bangladesh, the economic growth has increased in
this pandemic situation and the IT industry has an important role behind this.
Sumaiya Hossain
2020-1-10-343

Future of It Industry

Technology over the next few years will be changed dramatically and the reason behind this is
globalization. Globalization expanses technology across countries. For example, globalization
allow countries to gain easier access to foreign knowledge and technology. The world is rapidly
changing, and the future is going to shape according to IT. Every industry, business & people
must be willing to embrace IT transformation in their operations, tap into business data in new
ways, and rethink IT system management to remain competitive. For firms that are well
prepared, the future of IT will present tremendous opportunity. So, the opportunity and
possibilities of what IT industry is so high

The key problem of society today are rarely categorized by governments as problems of science
and technology. They are assumed to be social-economic-political problems, such as avoiding
war, building the economy, curbing terrorism, fighting poverty and disease, or preserving a
healthful environment. We can predict, however, that it will become clear that all social-
economic-political issues intersect and that issues of technological advance are right in the
middle of every intersection, sometimes causing the problems, more often offering possibilities
for their solutions, and frequently providing opportunities for the world society to rise to new,
higher levels of productivity, satisfaction, and happiness. Of course, trying to predict the future
with perfection is not defensible. But if we are active in some field, we are bound to be aware of
important trends in it, and we should take our anticipations of significant future events seriously.
We should force ourselves to list potential developments regularly, estimating for each the
probability of its occurrence and the importance of the event should it occur. Then, for those
happenings we consider both highly probable and significant, we should ask ourselves what we
can do early to enhance the positive and suppress the negative consequences. At present we see
that the impact of advancing technology on the social-economic-political framework of the entire
globe is growing rapidly, yet its implications are far from being adequately explored. Moreover,
the effects of technological change are underestimated as short-range; crisis-dominated problems
monopolize the attention of most of the world’s leaders. A severe mismatch is developing
between accelerating technological advance and lagging social progress.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Possible future growing sector of IT

1. Automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI):
Whether it's in their supply chain, product development process, or operations, businesses are
only now beginning to realize the potential of AI and automation. By detecting patterns in
enormous amounts of previously untapped data, both organized and unstructured, artificial
intelligence may help organizations predict—and improve—outcomes. These insights aid
decision-makers in identifying new markets and products, improving pricing accuracy, and much
more. Putting AI to work at scale can be complex. Alongside our global partner ecosystem, Intel
offers a diverse portfolio of optimized AI hardware, software, and solutions that can help
businesses deploy AI quickly and cost-effectively.

2. IoT and Edge Computing:

Edge computing is a fantastic complement to cloud computing for data that is best stored locally,
accessed quickly, and analyzed with low latency. There is huge future of this sector.

3. Infrastructure in the Cloud

Deployments were clearly divided into two types in the early days of the cloud: public and
private. With a hybrid, multi-cloud environment, organizations may now enjoy the best of both
worlds. This method enables IT teams to move data and apps between several private and public
cloud service providers with greater ease. As a result, they can select the most appropriate cloud
resource based on the workload's location, cost, service-level agreement (SLA), and other needs.
Businesses can handle the unpredictable twists of the digital age with ease and operational
efficiency if they use architecture as a trustworthy technical foundation for their cloud
infrastructure. Intel's data-centric portfolio is built on decades of application, OEM hardware,
and cloud service provider improvements. That implies that no matter what combination of cloud
services a company uses, they can expect a flawless experience.

4. Information Protection
Today's IT departments are up against a new breed of cybercriminals. Hackers are targeting
additional levels of the hardware-software stack, and as more connected devices are introduced
to corporate networks, the number of potential entry points to target is increasing.
 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Conclusion:

Globalization has impacted everyone on the planet in some manner and will continue to do so in
the future. Because of the effects of globalization, we have gone from many sovereign nations
operating individually to a globe full of connection and contact. In the last few decades, the
globe has gone a long way, thanks in large part to information technology. There is no way to
quantify the impact of information technology on the global landscape, but its effects can be
witnessed on a daily basis all across the world. People can now connect with people halfway
around the world with relative ease, and more people are communicating with more people in
more ways than they ever have before. Interacting with more people in more ways than they ever
could have before . From the invention of the personal computer to the birth of the internet to the
development of mobile, digital, and virtual technologies, information technology has played a
pivotal part in the world becoming truly global. Globalization may have occurred before to the
invention of information technology, but there is no doubt that without it, globalization would
not have occurred. Globalization would not have progressed as quickly as it did, and
globalization would not have progressed as quickly as it did. Without information technology, it
would not be where it is now. Globalization has resulted in been ingrained in every sphere of life
on the planet, including the economic, political, and social realms From social to professional.
While globalization has influenced all of these areas, In today's business settings, globalization
has played a critical role in how firms conduct themselves. In today's world, everything is global.
Globalization is not a good thing. . Companies who fail to identify globalization as a major issue
affecting their operations will be left behind, since globalization will only continue to pervade
and become more ingrained in how businesses must conduct their operations.
As more countries, people, and resources become available and willing to participate in the
global marketplace, the global playing field is being leveled. As their economies and abilities
increase as a result of globalization, countries like Brazil, China, India, and Russia are well on
their way to becoming important competitors in the global scene. As communication continues to
intensify, speed up, and become simpler, more people will join the global environment, posing
new problems for businesses. Companies must be able to respond quickly and adjust to the ever-
changing global business environment that awaits them. As globalization deepens and continues
to develop, businesses must be able to respond quickly and adapt to the ever-changing global
business environment that awaits them. If a company wants to be successful, it has to keep
coming up with new business procedures that take advantage of the new trends and events that
are bound to happen. If businesses want to retain a competitive advantage over their competitors,
they must constantly produce new goods and services that are distinctive and original. It's
impossible to predict what the future holds for businesses as globalization advances, but one
thing is certain: globalization isn't going away.
Information technology has been the driving force behind globalization's advancement to this
point, and it will continue to do so throughout this century, resulting in a globally linked world.
With globalization being such an important factor, Businesses must adjust their processes and
procedures as an important part of the global landscape. In order to compete in today's highly
competitive global climate, businesses must expand their operations. Organizations' need and
desire to use information technology is fueled by in place global strategy The corporate world
has changed as a result of information technology. From a mostly US-based environment to a
genuinely global environment, and both it benefits both the United States and the rest of the
world. We've progressed from the Information Age has given way to the Global Age, with the
Internet as the driving force. The importance of globalization will continue to grow as
companies move into the upcoming decades. With innovative information
technologies to support them, organizations will have the capability to monitor, reevaluate,
modify and employ global business strategies that will meet this global
challenge.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

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