Eunice Pagaga

EXPLORING THE REASON FOR LEARNERS’ PROCRASTINATION IN THEIR
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG GRADE 10 LEARNERS
Introduction
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Procrastination is a behavior that almost everyone, regardless of their situation, engages
in on a
continuous basis. Procrastination, the behavior of delaying or putting off tasks until the
last minute or past
their deadline, is quite common among students. According to various estimates, between
half and 90% of
students are prone to this behavior, and the prevalence of this phenomenon rises
(Chehrzad et al., 2017).
Every quarter, students make the commitment to turn in their assignments on time,
work hard, and get
excellent grades. But as time passes, the majority of students put off doing their tasks
until the very last
minute
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Procrastination is a behavior that almost everyone, regardless of their situation, engages
in on a
continuous basis. Procrastination, the behavior of delaying or putting off tasks until the
last minute or past
their deadline, is quite common among students. According to various estimates, between
half and 90% of
students are prone to this behavior, and the prevalence of this phenomenon rises
(Chehrzad et al., 2017).
Every quarter, students make the commitment to turn in their assignments on time,
work hard, and get
excellent grades. But as time passes, the majority of students put off doing their tasks
until the very last
minute
Almost everyone consistently puts things off, no matter what their circumstances.
This practice is known as procrastination. Students often procrastinate, which is the
practice of delaying or putting off activities until the very last minute or after the
deadline. Between 50% and 90% of students, by various estimations, are prone to this
conduct, and the frequency of this phenomena increases (Chehrzad et al., 2019). Students
commit to submitting their assignments on time, working hard, and receiving top grades
every quarter. But as time goes on, most students wait until the very last minute to
complete their assignments.
The burden increases as the conclusion of the quarter draws near and students'
classes get harder. Some accepting the assignment, students will work quickly to
complete it. A common misconception among students is why they attend every day.
Rising to declare that they have no problems with an abundance of assignments and
projects to do. For others students, you could become stressed out and eventually start
putting off your assignments. Our investigation's goal is to ascertain why students put off
tasks and how this impacts their academic achievement. Furthermore, it endeavors to
substantiate the rationale of procrastination.
People have long struggled with procrastination; everyone has at some point.
Academic procrastination is the term used to describe procrastination in academic
contexts. Most high school students who engage in academic procrastination put off their
assignments, chores, and school projects. It is defined as the practice of putting off or
postponing an assignment that must be finished within a certain amount of time moment
(Devi, 2021). This prevalent problem can result in concerns such as lower final grades
and mental health issues. Decades of studies have shown that people procrastinate
because, among other things, they are motivated by beliefs, lethargy, and weariness,
which erroneously makes them want to delay rather than act. Furthermore, because of
these problems, intention-action gaps—the phenomenon whereby people put off doing
action but still plan to do so—are a common feature of procrastination. Academic
performance is impacted by a student's behavior and attitude toward the requirement,
which also has an impact on their productivity. Postponement in academia offers a
number of detrimental consequences (Podar International School, 2023).
Among Filipinos, procrastination is another common and undesirable behavior.
The history of the Mañana tradition begins with Spanish colonization. One of the origins
of the folklore "Juan Tamad" is the Spanish labeling of Filipinos as "lazy workers."
Because of their pessimistic outlook, Filipinos tend to prioritize less work that they deem
difficult by saying "Mamaya Na" to it (Menguin, 2022). Procrastination is one of the
most prevalent problems among students because productivity and time management are
the two most crucial components of academic success. In academic settings,
procrastination is a reasonably common occurrence (Zacks & Hen, 2018). Physiologists
usually explain procrastination as a coping mechanism against the anxiety we feel when
faced with an unpleasant or challenging task. They acknowledge that these tasks are not
time-sensitive and can be finished, but they find ways to keep themselves "busy" as an
excuse. perhaps later on, like tomorrow (Jones, 2020). This kind of conduct could result
in poor time management. Stress would result from it, affecting the student's academic
performance (Badgujar, 2022). On the other hand, a study found that the atmosphere
created by an impending deadline is the wider benefit of delaying tasks (Richardson,
2015). It is better to do this than to work on a function ineffectively prior to the deadline.
Several research has found

that academic procrastination
has a detrimental
relationship with
academic achievement.
However, some studies have
found no association. The
purpose of this study is to
determine the reason for
students’ procrastination and
how it affects their academic
performance. It also
intends to demonstrate the
legitimacy of procrastination-
related reasons.

has a detrimental
relationship with
related reasons.

has a detrimental
relationship with
related reasons.

has a detrimental
relationship with
related reasons.

has a detrimental
relationship with
related reasons.
Several research has found that academic procrastination has a
detrimental relationship with academic achievement. However, some studies have found
no association. The purpose of this study is to determine the reason for students’
procrastination and how it affects their academic performance. It also intends to
demonstrate the legitimacy of procrastination-related reasons.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to know the academic performance among the grade 10 students
in Planas High School. The study sought to address the following question
1. How does procrastination affect the academic performance of grade 10 student in
terms of their grades
2. How does procrastination affect your daily life as a student?
3. How can you motivate yourself as a student?
Significance of the Study
The study could provide information regarding the reasons and effects of students’
procrastination. This study will be significant to the following:
Learners. Learners who participate in this study will gain a better understanding
of how procrastination affects their work, improve their time management skills, develop
a more reasonable approach to prioritizing tasks, and benefit both themselves and other
people.
10
Teachers. The study serves as a

guide for teachers to better
comprehend the circumstances
students
encounter in all facets of life
and connect on a deeper level
by enhancing their
understanding and suppor
Teachers. The research provides guidance to educators so they can better grasp
the situations that kids confront in all areas of life and establish deeper connections by
improving their comprehension and assistance.
School. The school will be able to better understand their learners' opinions on
procrastination and have a better understanding of their students' circumstances in general
thanks to this research.
Future Researchers. This study will help future academics better comprehend
the problem from a higher viewpoint, obtain a deeper understanding from the responders'
perspective, and discover new insights into the problem.
Scope and Delimitations

11
In this research, it focuses on understanding procrastination's impact on academic
performance specifically within the Grade 10 demographic. The study employs
qualitative methods to investigate the underlying reasons behind learners' procrastination
tendencies, emphasizing a subjective exploration rather than providing definitive
solutions.
However, the research is delimited by its geographic and temporal constraints,
potentially limiting the generalizability of findings beyond the specific context and
timeframe of the study. Additionally, factors such as language barriers, sample size
limitations, subjectivity in data interpretation, and lack of consideration for broader
contextual and cultural influences may impact the depth and applicability of the study's
insights.
Definition of Terms
Academic Performance. measures the degree to which respondents have met
their immediate or long-term educational goals and can be determined by continuous
evaluation or cumulative grade point average.
Procrastination. is the behavior of delaying or putting off tasks until the last
minute or past their deadlines.
Procrastinator. is a person who tends to delay things that should be done in a
certain amount of time.

12
Procrastination is the behavior

of delaying or putting off tasks
until the last minute or past their
deadlines
Reasons. refers to the explanation behind anything, whether it be a circumstance,
an occurrence, or a justification.
Methodology
Reasons refers to the

explanation behind anything,
13
whether it be a circumstance, an
occurrence, or a
justification.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the
research methodology of the
study. In this part, the
researchers outline the
research design, respondents of
the study, research instrument,
data gathering procedure, and
statistical
treatment
This chapter includes the research methodology of the study. In this part, the
researchers outline the research design, participants of the study, research instrument,
data gathering procedure, and data analysis.

14
Research Design
This study will be qualitative in nature as it seeks to understand why grade 10
students put off completing their academic assignments. Purposive sampling will be the
sampling strategy used in this study since the participants selected should share the same
attributes that the researchers thought were necessary for the sample. The sampling
strategy that was employed is pertinent to the investigation because the researchers’
required individuals who shared a particular trait that would be utilized in the study. An
online survey questionnaire was selected as the data gathering approach for this
investigation. It was them who were being asked this interview questionnaire. The
supervisor and the selected participants would be consulted by the researchers prior to the
interview.
To be able to comprehend the data gathered from the sample, the researchers
decided to do a thematic analysis of the study's data. This approach will involve finding
and reporting recurring patterns in the responses or data set that has been provided. The
study would look for and comprehend events, ideas, or behaviors within a data collection
using the selected data analysis. In order to understand the data gathered from the sample,
the researchers decided to use a thematic analysis for the study's data analysis due to its
versatility. This approach will involve finding and reporting recurring patterns in the
responses or data set that has been provided. The chosen data analysis would be used for
the study to seek and understand experiences, thoughts, or behaviors across a data set.
Given the flexibility of thematic analysis.

15
Sampling
The method the researcher will employ is random sampling. The researchers in
this study employed a random sample strategy in order to contact a specific subset of
respondents who were enrolled in Grade 10 officially.
Random sampling is one of the greatest strategies to get unbiased results in a
study, according to Louise Gaille (2017). It assists researchers in avoiding unintentional
bias that could be reflected in the information they are gathering. Random sampling helps
researchers analyze gathered data with a smaller margin of error. The random sample
correctly represents the complete population due to the randomized nature of the entire
procedure, which enables the data to offer precise insights into particular subjects.
Research Instruments
Semi-structured interviews were selected as the data gathering instrument. Semi-
structured interviews, according to Adams (2015), include elements of unstructured and
structured interviews. The interviewer prepares a list of questions for semi-structured
interviews, to which all interviewees are required to respond. During interviews, many
questions might be asked at the same time to elucidate and discuss a specific topic.
Therefore, the purpose of using semi-structured interviews was to give participants the
opportunity to steer the direction of the study and to ask follow-up questions regarding
the data and information required for the investigation. Purposive sampling was also used
in this study.
16
Data Collection Procedure
Three questions about the effects of procrastination on academic performance
were asked of the participants during in-person interviews, which were used in the data
gathering process. Three (3) students were given the questions from each section of
Grade 10. The participants were told to be honest in their responses, describing their
feelings, ideas, and actions. After gathering the data, the researchers translated,
interpreted, and examined the participants' responses.
Data Analysis
To assess and draw conclusions from the gathered data, thematic analysis was
used, with an emphasis on spotting emergent patterns. Finding patterns or themes in
qualitative data is known as thematic analysis. According to Braun & Clarke (2006), as it
offers fundamental abilities that are applicable to a wide range of different types of
analysis, it should be acquired first among qualitative methods. The researchers in this
study acquired data through focused groups and interviews as well as word-for-word
transcription of the participant interviews. They then employed coding to label and
categorize the material in the transcription. Following the coding process, the researchers
searched through the data for patterns and themes using a thematic analysis. Afterward,
they analyzed the themes that surfaced from the study and utilized them to derive
conclusions from the data.

17
Ethical Considerations
Researching academic procrastination among Planas High School students in
Grade 10 requires careful consideration of a number of ethical issues. First and foremost,
the students' parents or legal guardians must give their informed consent. Participants
were given comprehensive information about the goals, methods, possible dangers, and
advantages of the study, giving them the opportunity to decide whether or not to
participate without fear of unfavorable outcomes. Maintaining anonymity and
confidentiality is important to safeguard participants' privacy. Data should be provided in
a way that makes it impossible to identify specific individuals and should be handled
securely. In addition, the researchers implemented safety protocols and provided
resources and assistance to participants in the event that the study caused them any
distress.
Academic Performance
measures the degree to which
respondents have met their
immediate or
18
long-term educational goals

and can be determined by
continuous evaluation or
cumulative grade point
average

has a detrimental
relationship with
19

related reasons.
has a detrimental
relationship with
20

related reasons.
has a detrimental
relationship with
21

related reasons.
has a detrimental
relationship with
22

related reasons.
has a detrimental
relationship with
23

related reasons
Findings and Discussions
In this section, the researchers carefully analyzed and organized the participants'
responses to gain insights into their experiences and perspectives. The researchers aimed
to identify common themes and observation that emerged from the participants'
discussions regarding their academic challenges and coping strategies.

24
Table 1: Detrimental impact of external factors on academic performance and cognitive
processes
Theme Responses
Detrimental impact of external factors on Participant 1: Impacts all academic
academic performance and cognitive students because students will be triggered
processes while doing some activities.
Participant 2: It also affects him because
the grade is low.
Participant 3: Because it limits your time
to do the lesson, making it easier to do the
work and limiting your thinking.
The responses from the participants collectively highlight the interconnectedness
of various factors that influence academic performance and student well-being.
Participant 1 suggests that there are common triggers or stressors experienced by
academic students during activities, indicating a widespread issue. Participant 2's
comment about low grades indicates a personal impact of these challenges on academic
achievement, emphasizing the tangible consequence of the situation. Participant 3 further
elaborates on the impact by discussing how limited time affects the ability to engage
deeply with lessons, potentially leading to compromised quality of work and restricted
thinking. Overall, these responses paint a picture of the complex relationship between
stress, time management, academic performance, and cognitive function, illustrating how
25
these factors intertwine to shape the student experience. The interpretation suggests a
theme of the multifaceted challenges students face in navigating academic demands and
maintaining their well-being.
Table 2: Distractions and procrastination affecting students' ability to focus on their
academic responsibilities.
Theme Responses
Distractions and procrastination affecting Participant 1: The students will be rush to
students' ability to focus on their academic the homework or what so ever.
responsibilities.
Participant 2: Not passing project
immediately or not passing the deadline
immediately.
Participant 3: When they play online
game and when they talking to their
friends online.
The responses from these participants collectively highlight the issue of time
management and distractions in the context of academic responsibilities. Participant 1
suggests that students may rush through their homework or tasks, possibly indicating a
tendency to prioritize speed over quality due to time constraints or other factors.
Participant 2 expands on this by mentioning the failure to submit projects or meet
deadlines promptly, illustrating the negative consequences of procrastination or delays in

26
completing assignments. Participant 3 adds to the discussion by pointing out specific
distractions such as online gaming and chatting with friends online, which can divert
students' focus away from their academic work. Overall, the interpretation suggests a
theme centered around the challenges students face in managing their time effectively
and avoiding distractions, which can ultimately impact their academic performance and
success.
Table 3: Challenges impacting academic performance and productivity.
Themes Responses
Challenges impacting academic Participant 1: I experience some
performance and productivity. procrastination this school year maybe
because of my tiredness but my grades are
most affected so far.
Participant 2: Not being able to pass the
deadline immediately affects my grade.
Participant 3: Doing research because we
can no longer look at or check the
grammar in our research.
The responses from these participants collectively highlight the significant
challenges students face in managing their academic responsibilities and the impact on
their academic performance. Participant 1 acknowledges experiencing procrastination,
attributing it to tiredness, which may indicate difficulties in maintaining focus or

27
motivation. Their observation that their grades have been affected suggests a direct
consequence of procrastination on academic success. Participant 2 underscores the
importance of meeting deadlines promptly, indicating that failure to do so directly affects
their grades, reflecting the high stakes involved in time management. Participant 3
introduces a different challenge related to academic work, mentioning constraints on
grammar checking during research, which could hinder the quality and accuracy of their
work. Together, these responses convey a theme of the multifaceted obstacles students
encounter in academic settings, including procrastination, time management, and
resource limitations, all of which can significantly impact their academic performance
and overall success.
The discussions among the participants reveal several recurring themes regarding
the challenges students encounter in academic settings. Firstly, there's a recognition of the
detrimental impact of external factors on academic performance and cognitive processes,
with stressors and time constraints highlighted as significant influencers. Secondly,
distractions and procrastination emerge as major hurdles to students' focus on their
academic responsibilities, with online activities and delays in meeting deadlines noted as
particularly problematic. Lastly, specific challenges directly impacting academic
performance and productivity, such as procrastination and resource limitations, are
discussed, underscoring the multifaceted nature of obstacles students face. These themes
collectively emphasize the importance of effective time management, stress reduction
strategies, and providing adequate resources to support students in navigating the
complexities of academic life and enhancing their overall success.

28
Conclusions
29
In conclusion, the discussions among the participants reveal several key themes
regarding the challenges students face in academic settings. Firstly, there's a recognition
of the detrimental impact of external factors such as stressors and time constraints on
academic performance and cognitive processes. This highlights the interconnectedness of
various factors influencing student well-being and academic success. Secondly,
distractions and procrastination emerge as significant obstacles to students' focus on their
academic responsibilities, with online activities and delays in meeting deadlines noted as
particularly problematic. Lastly, specific challenges directly impacting academic
performance and productivity, such as procrastination and resource limitations, are
discussed, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of obstacles students encounter. These
findings underscore the importance of effective time management, stress reduction
strategies, and providing adequate resources to support students in navigating the
complexities of academic life and enhancing their overall success.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions drawn from the discussions among
participants regarding the challenges students face in academic settings, several
recommendations can be made to address these issues and support students in their
academic endeavors. First and foremost, institutions should prioritize the implementation
of effective time management strategies, offering workshops and resources to help
students prioritize tasks and meet deadlines efficiently. Creating a supportive
environment through counseling services and mentorship programs can further aid
30
students in managing stress and accessing academic support when needed. Additionally,
promoting digital wellness practices and minimizing distractions during study sessions
can enhance students' focus and productivity. Ensuring access to essential resources such
as grammar-checking tools and research databases is crucial for facilitating the research
process and improving the quality of student work. Lastly, promoting a culture of
academic integrity through education on ethical research practices and the consequences
of academic dishonesty can help uphold academic standards and foster a community of
trust and integrity within educational institutions.
References
31
Chehrzad, M., Ghanbari, A.,

Rahmatpour, P., Barari, F.,
Pourrajabi, A., & Alipour, Z.
(2017). Academic
procrastination and related
factors in students of Guilan
University of Medical Sciences.
Journal of
Medical Education
Development.
https://www.semanticscholar.or
g/paper/Academic-
procrastination-
and-related-factors-in-of-
Chehrzad-Ghanbari/
32
ca5599645842078f883e2064f33
d5081ee5e6f1
Chehrzad, M., Ghanbari, A., Rahmatpour, P., Barari, F., Pourrajabi, A., & Alipour,
Z. (2017). Academicprocrastination and related factors in students of Guilan University
of Medical Sciences. Journal ofMedical Education Development.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Academic-procrastination-and-related-factors-in-
of-Chehrzad-Ghanbari/ca5599645842078f883e2064f33d5081ee5e6f1
Clear, J. (2015).
Procrastination: A Scientific
Guide on How to Stop
Procrastinating. James Clear.
https://jamesclear.com/
procrastination
Devi, A. (2021). Combatting
Procrastination.
Usq.pressbooks.pub.
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https://usq.pressbooks.pub/
academicsuccess/chapter/
combatting-procrastination/
#:~:text=Key
%20point
Devi, A. (2021). Combatting Procrastination.
Usq.pressbooks.pub.https://usq.pressbooks.pub/academicsuccess/chapter/combatting-
procr
Podar International School. (2023). Effects of Procrastination on Academic
Performance | Podar Blog.Www.podareducation.org.
https://www.podareducation.org/blog-guide-on-academic-procrastination-causes-
solutions-and-effects-of-procrastination
Menguin, J. (2022, August

6). The Mañana Habit, Its
Bad Effects, & 5 Ways to
Fix It.
34
https://jefmenguin.com/manana-
habit
Menguin, J. (2022, August 6). The Mañana Habit, Its Bad Effects, & 5
Ways to Fix It. https://jefmenguin.com/manana-habit
Temporal_motivation_theory
Zacks, S., & Hen, M.
(2018). Academic
interventions for academic
procrastination: A review of
the
literature. Journal of
Prevention & Intervention in
the Community, 46, 117–
130.
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https://doi.org/
10.1080/10852352.2016.119815
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Zarrin
Zacks, S., & Hen, M. (2018). Academic interventions for academic
procrastination: A review of theliterature. Journal of Prevention & Intervention
in the Community, 46, 117–130.https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198154
Jones, R. P. (2020,
February 25). Procrastination:
It’s not what you think it
is. Student Services.
https://students.ubc.ca/ubclife/
procrastination-its-not-what-
you-think-it
Jones, R. P. (2020, February 25). Procrastination: It’s not what you
think it is. Student Services.https://students.ubc.ca/ubclife/procrastination-its-not-
what-you-think-it
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Badgujar, V. (2022, February

17). 10 bad time management
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17). 10 bad time management
habits (and how to fix them).
Time Doctor
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%20have%20bad%20time
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fix them). Time DoctorBlog. https://www.timedoctor.com/blog/bad-time-management-
habits/#:~:text=When%20you%20have%20bad%20time
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EXPLORING THE REASON FOR LEARNERS’ PROCRASTINATION IN THEIR

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG GRADE 10 LEARNERS

This practice is known as procrastination. Students often procrastinate, which is the

complete their assignments.

substantiate the rationale of procrastination.

Academic procrastination is the term used to describe procrastination in academic

action but still plan to do so—are a common feature of procrastination. Academic

performance is impacted by a student's behavior and attitude toward the requirement,

which also has an impact on their productivity. Postponement in academia offers a

number of detrimental consequences (Podar International School, 2023).

Among Filipinos, procrastination is another common and undesirable behavior.

difficult by saying "Mamaya Na" to it (Menguin, 2022). Procrastination is one of the

the two most crucial components of academic success. In academic settings,

procrastination is a reasonably common occurrence (Zacks & Hen, 2018). Physiologists

created by an impending deadline is the wider benefit of delaying tasks (Richardson,

Several research has found

Several research has found

Several research has found

Several research has found

Several research has found

Several research has found that academic procrastination has a

procrastination and how it affects their academic performance. It also intends to

demonstrate the legitimacy of procrastination-related reasons.

Statement of the Problem

1. How does procrastination affect the academic performance of grade 10 student in

terms of their grades

2. How does procrastination affect your daily life as a student?

3. How can you motivate yourself as a student?

Significance of the Study

procrastination. This study will be significant to the following:

Teachers. The study serves as a

improving their comprehension and assistance.

procrastination and have a better understanding of their students' circumstances in general

thanks to this research.

perspective, and discover new insights into the problem.

Scope and Delimitations

In this research, it focuses on understanding procrastination's impact on academic

performance specifically within the Grade 10 demographic. The study employs

qualitative methods to investigate the underlying reasons behind learners' procrastination

tendencies, emphasizing a subjective exploration rather than providing definitive

However, the research is delimited by its geographic and temporal constraints,

limitations, subjectivity in data interpretation, and lack of consideration for broader

Academic Performance. measures the degree to which respondents have met

their immediate or long-term educational goals and can be determined by continuous

evaluation or cumulative grade point average.

minute or past their deadlines.

Procrastinator. is a person who tends to delay things that should be done in a

certain amount of time.

Procrastination is the behavior

Reasons refers to the

data gathering procedure, and data analysis.

This study will be qualitative in nature as it seeks to understand why grade 10

Given the flexibility of thematic analysis.

respondents who were enrolled in Grade 10 officially.

Random sampling is one of the greatest strategies to get unbiased results in a

study, according to Louise Gaille (2017). It assists researchers in avoiding unintentional

Semi-structured interviews were selected as the data gathering instrument. Semi-

structured interviews, according to Adams (2015), include elements of unstructured and

structured interviews. The interviewer prepares a list of questions for semi-structured

Data Collection Procedure

Three questions about the effects of procrastination on academic performance

interpreted, and examined the participants' responses.

used, with an emphasis on spotting emergent patterns. Finding patterns or themes in