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Practical Research Worksheets for Senior High School

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DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34834.68802/1

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Practical Research Worksheets
for Senior High School
Prepared by:
Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A. (Worksheet 1 – 6)
Gamboa, Gerald (Worksheet 6)

Content:
Worksheet 1 – Identifying a Research Topic
Worksheet 2 – Collecting and Organizing Literatures
Worksheet 3 – Introduction of the Study
Worksheet 4 – Conceptual Framework and Statement of the Problem
Worksheet 5 – Research Methods
Worksheet 6 – Results and Discussion
 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 4: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Worksheet
NAME 3: CN: NAME 6: CN:
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION:
Prepared by:
12 - SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED: Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.
WORKSHEET 1: IDENTIFYING A TOPIC (Broad)

DIRECTIONS: This worksheet aims to identify a broad topic in alignment to (1) Zero Extreme Poverty, (2) needs of the partner community, (3) capstone project as
a solution, (4) capstone project feasibility, and (5) research topic. Complete the template by filling-up the information needed.
I. Zero Extreme Poverty (ZEP) II. Needs of the Partner Community III. Capstone Project as a IV. Capstone Project V. Research Topic
Solution Feasibility
What thematic cluster of ZEP do you Based on the thematic cluster of ZEP you Briefly suggest a capstone project State the resources (money, time, Think of a topic that you need to
plan to tackle? Put a check mark on chose to tackle in column 1; specify and that will serve as a solution to the access to technology, expertise, research first before you can
the space that represents your explain the nature of the problem of the problem/s you identified in column etc.) you will need to accomplish continue with your Capstone
response. You may choose more partner community you want to solve. 2. This solution must be aligned to the capstone project in column 3. project in column 3. e.g. You need
than one cluster. See the links for Write on the rows that corresponds to the your capstone project. Then, reflect on the availability of to have a market research first
more information per cluster. Note: cluster/s you chose. Put N/A on the other STEM – Scientific Research these resources Note: in case the before you can make a business
choose a cluster that is appropriate rows that does not correspond to your ABM – Business Plan resources you need can’t be plan. Note: this is not yet a
to your STRAND. cluster/s. Note: this is based on your visits HUMSS – Culminating Activity available, change your project in research title, only a general topic
in Sitio Makabuhay. See profile in this link: AD – Artwork Exhibition column 3. to research on.
http://gg.gg/SitioMakabuhayProfile
[ ] Education
http://zeropovertyph.net/education/
[ ] Health
http://zeropovertyph.net/health/
[ ] Livelihood
http://zeropovertyph.net/livelihood/#
[ ] Environment
http://zeropovertyph.net/environment/
[ ] Agriculture and Fisheries
http://zeropovertyph.net/agriculture-
fisheries/
[ ] Housing and Shelter
http://zeropovertyph.net/housing-
shelter/
[ ] Partnership with Indigenous
People
http://zeropovertyph.net/peace-
human-security/
[ ] Social Justice
http://zeropovertyph.net/social-
justice/
 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 4: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Worksheet
NAME 3: CN: NAME 6: CN:
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION:

12 - Prepared by:
SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED:
Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.
WORKSHEET 2: COLLECTING AND ORGANIZING LITERATURES

DIRECTIONS: This worksheet aims to organize your literature based on purpose, variables, methods, and results. In this activity, you must have at least ten (10)
literatures that will discuss on the “ZEP thematic cluster” and at least thirty (30) literatures on the “research topic”. Consider your responses in worksheet 1.
Title and Citation Purpose Variables Theory Methods Results
Identify the title, author/s, Briefly discuss the main List down the variables List down the theories and Discuss the methods used to Discuss the relationships
and publishing year of a purpose of the study. measured (if quantitative data is concepts used in the study as measure (if quantitative data is between the variables. State
literature. Then, cite the Then, discuss, based on used) or explored (if qualitative basis. Discuss in detail each used) or explore (if qualitative analysis results (either from
literature in text and in the paper, the rationale data is used) in the study. Then, theory and concept. data is used) each variable. thematic analysis or statistical
references of your paper. of doing the research. describe in detail each variable. treatment) used to prove the
relationships.
 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 4: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Worksheet
NAME 3: CN: NAME 6: CN:
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION:

12 - Prepared by:
SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED:
Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.
WORKSHEET 3: INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

DIRECTIONS: This worksheet aims to provide flow to your research introduction. You will need to return to worksheet 2 for related literature.
INSTRUCTION STATEMENTS FROM LITERATURE PARAGRAPH FORM
Follow the instruction per List down statements from collected literature summarized in worksheet Combine the statements in the latter column to write a paragraph
step 2. Write the reference for after each statement. You may add rows if needed for the step.
you need to put more literature.
Discuss the current Statement 1: Paragraph:
problem that your study
would like to address.
Refer to literatures you
STEP 1: BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

collected for Zero Reference (APA style):

Extreme Poverty (ZEP) Statement 2:
and for the needs of the
community (see
worksheet 1).
Reference (APA style):
Statement 3:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 4:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 5:

Reference (APA style):

 Discuss that the Statement 1: Paragraph:
research topic (broad)
STEP 2: SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
you came up with in
worksheet 1 will solve Reference (APA style):
the problem stated in Statement 2:
step 1. Give statements
from collected literatures
(see worksheet 2) to Reference (APA style):
present that the Statement 3:
research topic you
proposed is the solution
to your problem. Reference (APA style):
Statement 4:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 5:

Reference (APA style):

Present studies from Study 1: Paragraph (you should end this paragraph by stating the research
worksheet 2 that are gap):
similar to your
research topic (broad). Reference (APA style):
Then, show the gap in Study 2:
STEP 3: RESEARCH GAP

the current studies.

Reference (APA style):

Study 3:

Reference (APA style):

Study 4:

Reference (APA style):

Study 5:

Reference (APA style):

STEP 4: RESEARCH VARIABLES
Identify the research variables from the collected literature (see worksheet 2) that could related to your research topic (broad). Include the research topic in the variables. Give
brief descriptions of the variables and how it relates to your research topic. State the references used to describe the variables.
Name: Description: References (APA style):
Variable 1:

Variable 2:

Variable 3:

Variable 4:

Variable 5:

STEP 5: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Write the purpose of the study where it should (i) accommodate the research gap stated in step 3, and (ii) prove the assumed relationship between the variables identified
in step 4.

STEP 6: RESEARCH TITLE

From the problem statement identified in step 5, formulate a title for your study. Write the purpose of the study into a research title. Note in the title the respondents or the
setting of the research (if applicable).
WRITING CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Write your research introduction. Combine the paragraphs you wrote for steps 1, 2, 3, and 5. Make transitional statements between the paragraphs
and sentences. Don’t forget to put in-text citations.

References (Write all references used at the end of the introduction):

 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 4: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Worksheet
NAME 3: CN: NAME 6: CN:
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION:

12 - Prepared by:
SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED:
Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.
WORKSHEET 4: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

DIRECTIONS: This worksheet aims to provide flow for your Review of Related Literature, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework. Also, this worksheet
will give direction on your research questions. You will need to return to worksheet 2 for related literature and worksheet 3 for research variables.
INSTRUCTIONS STATEMENTS FROM LITERATURE PARAGRAPH FORM
Follow the instructions List down statements from collected literature summarized in worksheet Combine the statements in the latter column to write a paragraph
per step 2. Write the reference for after each statement. You may add rows if needed for the step.
you need to put more literatures, variables, or theories.
Categorize statements RESEARCH VARIABLE 1: (Put the name of the variable)
form literatures based
Statement 1: Paragraphs for research variable 1:
on the variable they
STEP 1: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

describe respectively.
Refer to the literatures
Reference (APA style):
you collected for
Statement 2:
research variables (see
rd
3 column of your
worksheet 2). Research
Reference (APA style):
variables should discuss
the following: Statement 3:
a. Description
b. Characteristics
c. Method how to Reference (APA style):
measure the variable Statement 4:
d. How the variable is
used in other studies
e. How the variable will Reference (APA style):
be used for your study Statement 5:
f. Other important details
Note: it is not necessary to
discuss following the Reference (APA style):
sequence above, you just Statement 6:
need to discuss them all in
whatever order you see fit.

Reference (APA style):

 Categorize statements RESEARCH VARIABLE 2: (Put the name of the variable)
form literatures based
Statement 1: Paragraphs for research variable 2:
on the variable they
describe respectively.
Refer to the literatures
Reference (APA style):
you collected for
Statement 2:
research variables (see
3rd column of your
worksheet 2). Research
Reference (APA style):
variables should discuss
STEP 1: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Statement 3:
the following:
a. Description
b. Characteristics
c. Method how to Reference (APA style):
measure the variable Statement 4:
d. How the variable is
used in other studies
e. How the variable will Reference (APA style):
be used for your study Statement 5:
f. Other important details
Note: it is not necessary to
discuss following the Reference (APA style):
sequence above, you just
need to discuss them all in RESEARCH VARIABLE 3: (Put the name of the variable)
whatever order you see fit. Statement 1: Paragraphs for research variable 3:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 2:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 3:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 4:

Reference (APA style):

 Categorize statements THEORY 1: (State the theory, put the name if applicable)
form literatures based
Statement 1: Paragraphs for theory 1:
on the theory they
describe respectively.
Refer to the literatures
Reference (APA style):
you collected for
Statement 2:
theories (see 4th column
of your worksheet 2).
Theories should discuss
Reference (APA style):
the following:
a. Introduction and Statement 3:
elaboration of the
STEP 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

theory
b. How the theory Reference (APA style):
supports the Statement 4:
relationships between
the variables of related
studies Reference (APA style):
c. How the theory justifies Statement 5:
the relationship of the
variables in your study
d. Other important details Reference (APA style):
Note: it is not necessary to
discuss following the
THEORY 2: (State the theory, put the name if applicable)
sequence above, you just Statement 1: Paragraphs for theory 2:
need to discuss them all in
whatever order you see fit.
Reference (APA style):
Statement 2:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 3:

Reference (APA style):

Statement 4:

Reference (APA style):

STEP 3: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Conceptual framework is the synthesis of RRL and Theoretical Framework. In this step, you need to formulate an assumption on how your variables (discussed in
RRL) are related to each other. Relationship between the variables will be justified by the theories discussed in the Theoretical Framework. The conceptual
framework is discussed in paragraphs and illustrated in a conceptual paradigm (a graphic organizer).
Conceptual Paradigm: (sample shown below, delete it to put your own Paragraphs for the Conceptual Framework:
framework)

VARIABLE

1
VARIABLE

3
VARIABLE

STEP 4: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Statement of the problem should address in confirming (if quantitative) or exploring (if qualitative) your conceptual framework. In writing for this step, you must
present a main research problem, then present several specific research questions. Each research question should address to a relationship (between variables)
discussed in the conceptual framework. You may only have one main research problem, but you may have multiple research questions based on the number
of relationships you want to confirm or explore. Note: you may add rows if you need more research questions.
Main Research Problem:

Research Question 1:
(for relationship 1)

Research Question 2:
(for relationship 2)

Research Question 3:
(for relationship 3)
WRITING CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)
Write your review of related literature (RRL). Combine the paragraphs you wrote for step 1. Write a three-sentence introduction for RRL. Make
transitional statements between the paragraphs and sentences. Don’t forget to put in-text citations.

References (Write all references used at the end of the RRL)

WRITING CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWOK
Write your theoretical framework. Combine the paragraphs you wrote for step 2. Write a three-sentence introduction for theoretical framework.
Make transitional statements between the paragraphs and sentences. Don’t forget to put in-text citations.

References (Write all references used at the end of the Theoretical Framework)
WRITING CHAPTER 1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Write your conceptual framework. Include the paragraphs you wrote and the paradigm you illustrated for step 3. Write a three-sentence introduction
for conceptual framework. Make transitional statements between the paragraphs and sentences. Don’t forget to put in-text citations.

References (Write all references used at the end of the Conceptual Framework)
WRITING CHAPTER 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Write the main research problem, then list down the research questions. Refer to step 4.
 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 6: CN: Worksheet
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION: NAME 3: CN: NAME 7: CN:

11 - NAME 4: CN: Draft no. (please check)

SCORE [ ] 1st [ ] Final

Prepared by:
SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED:
Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.

WORKSHEET 5: RESEARCH METHODS

DIRECTIONS: This worksheet aims to organize your thoughts before writing Chapter 2: Methods. For
detailed instructions on this worksheet, watch the video in this link: https://youtu.be/PXAOxfv-TCQ.
Please keep this file, it will give flow to your Chapter 2.
Research Design Check the design suits to your research.
[ ] Experimental [ ] Correlational [ ] Survey

[ ] Grounded Theory [ ] Ethnographic [ ] Narrative

[ ] Mixed Method [ ] Action [ ] Others: ____________

How will you use the research design in your study?

Justify why the research design you plan to use will be suitable to your study?

Setting and How many samples will you consider in this study?
Respondents (for
ABM, HUMSS, and What is the sampling technique that you plan to use in the study?
A&D)
Illustrate the experimental set-up (for stem only).
Experimental Set-
up (for STEM)

Variable 1 Description of Data Instrument/Experimental Set-up

Definition of the Check what suits to your What instrument (survey questionnaire or interview guide) or
variable? variable. experimental set-up will you use?
Purpose of the variable Notes: (i) If the variable is independent and will be used as treatment,
[ ] Dependent discuss how will you group your data based on the said variable. (ii) If the
variable is independent and will be used as a material for a product,
[ ] Independent
discuss how will you prepare or create the product. (iii) Cite the literature
[ ] Treatment you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text and end-
[ ] Material reference citations).
*If the variable is independent, no need
to identify if the data is quantitative or
qualitative

References:
[ ] Quantitative Data
[ ] Nominal Source of Data
[ ] Ordinal If the variable is represented by a Quantitative data, how will you
[ ] Interval measure it? If the variable is represented by a Qualitative data,
[ ] Ratio what responses or artifacts will you need?
[ ] Qualitative Data Notes: (i) If the variable is independent, skip this section. (ii) Cite the
[ ] Responses literature you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text
[ ] Artifacts and end-reference citations).
[ ] Observations
References:
Variable 2 Description of Data Instrument/Experimental Set-up
Definition of the Check what suits to your What instrument (survey questionnaire or interview guide) or
variable? variable. experimental set-up will you use?
Purpose of the variable Notes: (i) If the variable is independent and will be used as treatment,
[ ] Dependent discuss how will you group your data based on the said variable. (ii) If the
variable is independent and will be used as a material for a product,
[ ] Independent
discuss how will you prepare or create the product. (iii) Cite the literature
[ ] Treatment you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text and end-
[ ] Material reference citations).
*If the variable is independent, no need
to identify if the data is quantitative or
qualitative

References:
[ ] Quantitative Data
[ ] Nominal Source of Data
[ ] Ordinal If the variable is represented by a Quantitative data, how will you
[ ] Interval measure it? If the variable is represented by a Qualitative data,
[ ] Ratio what responses or artifacts will you need?
[ ] Qualitative Data Notes: (i) If the variable is independent, skip this section. (ii) Cite the
[ ] Responses literature you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text
and end-reference citations).
[ ] Artifacts
[ ] Observations
References:
Variable 3 Description of Data Instrument/Experimental Set-up
Definition of the Check what suits to your What instrument (survey questionnaire or interview guide) or
variable? variable. experimental set-up will you use?
Purpose of the variable Notes: (i) If the variable is independent and will be used as treatment,
[ ] Dependent discuss how will you group your data based on the said variable. (ii) If the
variable is independent and will be used as a material for a product,
[ ] Independent
discuss how will you prepare or create the product. (iii) Cite the literature
[ ] Treatment you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text and end-
[ ] Material reference citations).
*If the variable is independent, no need
to identify if the data is quantitative or
qualitative

References:
[ ] Quantitative Data
[ ] Nominal Source of Data
[ ] Ordinal If the variable is represented by a Quantitative data, how will you
[ ] Interval measure it? If the variable is represented by a Qualitative data,
[ ] Ratio what responses or artifacts will you need?
[ ] Qualitative Data Notes: (i) If the variable is independent, skip this section. (ii) Cite the
[ ] Responses literature you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text
[ ] Artifacts and end-reference citations).
[ ] Observations
References:
Variable 4 Description of Data Instrument/Experimental Set-up
Definition of the Check what suits to your What instrument (survey questionnaire or interview guide) or
variable? variable. experimental set-up will you use?
Purpose of the variable Notes: (i) If the variable is independent and will be used as treatment,
[ ] Dependent discuss how will you group your data based on the said variable. (ii) If the
variable is independent and will be used as a material for a product,
[ ] Independent
discuss how will you prepare or create the product. (iii) Cite the literature
[ ] Treatment you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text and end-
[ ] Material reference citations).
*If the variable is independent, no need
to identify if the data is quantitative or
qualitative

References:
[ ] Quantitative Data
[ ] Nominal Source of Data
[ ] Ordinal If the variable is represented by a Quantitative data, how will you
[ ] Interval measure it? If the variable is represented by a Qualitative data,
[ ] Ratio what responses or artifacts will you need?
[ ] Qualitative Data Notes: (i) If the variable is independent, skip this section. (ii) Cite the
[ ] Responses literature you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text
[ ] Artifacts and end-reference citations).
[ ] Observations
References:
 Variable 5 Description of Data Instrument/Experimental Set-up
Definition of the Check what suits to your What instrument (survey questionnaire or interview guide) or
variable? variable. experimental set-up will you use?
Purpose of the variable Notes: (i) If the variable is independent and will be used as treatment,
[ ] Dependent discuss how will you group your data based on the said variable. (ii) If the
variable is independent and will be used as a material for a product,
[ ] Independent
discuss how will you prepare or create the product. (iii) Cite the literature
[ ] Treatment you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text and end-
[ ] Material reference citations).
*If the variable is independent, no need
to identify if the data is quantitative or
qualitative

References:
[ ] Quantitative Data
[ ] Nominal Source of Data
[ ] Ordinal If the variable is represented by a Quantitative data, how will you
[ ] Interval measure it? If the variable is represented by a Qualitative data,
[ ] Ratio what responses or artifacts will you need?
[ ] Qualitative Data Notes: (i) If the variable is independent, skip this section. (ii) Cite the
[ ] Responses literature you base your instrument or experimental set-up (both in-text
and end-reference citations).
[ ] Artifacts
[ ] Observations
References:
You may copy the rows if you have more than five variables to measure. Also, you are not required to fill up all
rows if you have less than five variables. If an instrument or experimental set-up will be used to gather data on
two or more variables, just write “same instrument/experimental set-up with variable x”.

Data Gathering Procedure

Make a FLOW CHART of steps for your data gathering and analysis. It must include the following: (1) How
will you prepare for the data gathering procedure, (2) how will you gather data for each variable, and (2) how
will you analyze the data to answer the research questions.

Note: For STEM, start with the its preparation or creation of the treatment or product.

Expound the steps of you data gathering and analysis. The flow of discussion must follow the your chart above.
Write your discussion in paragraph form.
 TEAM NO. NAME 1: CN: NAME 5: CN:
Practical Research
NAME 2: CN: NAME 6: CN:
Worksheet
NAME 3: CN: NAME 7: CN:
A.Y 2019-2020
SECTION:

12 - NAME 4: CN: Draft no. (please check)

SCORE [ ] 1st [ ] Final Prepared by:

SUBJECT TEACHER: DATE SUBMITTED: DATE RETURNED: Calamlam, Jose Mari, M.A.
Gamboa, Gerald
WORKSHEET 6: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DIRECTIONS:
1. The task for this activity is to organize “results and discussion” before writing a research.
2. A research proposal and a data set are provided for reference. Please see the links below.
(i) Research Proposal: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YBVSdL71TmPSpwYf7u5S41NA_z78MSf2/view?usp=sharing
(ii) Data Set: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mM_im9lOryaTUlPVbcXNxfe7Ee8c1_EP/view?usp=sharing
3. Answer the given research questions by analyzing the given data. Please return to your previous learning playlists for reference in data analysis.
4. Accomplish "Worksheet - Writing Results and Discussions" after analyzing your data. The worksheet will help you organize your results and discussion before
writing it.
5. Before working on the worksheet, watch or read the preliminary materials (see Part I) first to understand how to write results and discussion. Please see links
below.
(i) Results Section: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i38Qup3KxSM51LckrvNNzExJhZ9Mk5vr/view?usp=sharing
(ii) Results Section Continuation: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VaPn9V6LqZMKUhK5nkQStm5dDTwGACe_/view?usp=sharing
(iii) Discussion Sections: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KksLpuBGA-sPGsHsqMaSRNAsCfcXQv_k/view?usp=sharing
6. Additional instructions are given in each portion of the worksheet. Carefully read and understand the instructions before accomplishing a portion.
7. The worksheet has two sections: results, and discussion. Leaving any part of sections 1 and 2 blank will result to a zero score.
8. Write the results and discussion section of the research proposal in the last part of this worksheet following the format.
9. The worksheet is scored based on the quality of your results and discussion at the last part. Refer to the given rubric.
10. Submit this worksheet in Schoology or Google Forms.
 SECTION 1: Results

INSTRUCTIONS WRITE - UP
Introductory context: Introductory context for
understanding the results by restating the
research problem underpinning your study.

Research Question 1: Research questions

are in the Methods section of the proposal.
Non-textual elements for research question
1: Inclusion of non-textual elements, such as,
figures, charts, photos, maps, tables, etc. to
further illustrate key findings. To prevent the
audience from getting bored while reading a
scientific article, some of the data should be
expressed in a visual format in graphics, and
figures rather than crowded numerical values
in the text.

Note: Please make the table in MS Word or

Google Forms. Do NOT just paste the print screen
of the table of results.
Description of results for research
question 1: A systematic description of your
results, highlighting for the reader
observations that are most relevant to the
topic under investigation. Only data, and
information concerning the study in question
should be included in the ‘Results’ section.
Results not mentioned in this section should
not be included in the ‘Discussion’ section.

Note: Please refer to our previous learning

playlists on how to interpret results. Learning
playlists 2-9 is for quantitative data analysis
(statistical treatment) and learning playlist 10 is for
qualitative data analysis (thematic analysis).
Research Question 2: Research questions
are in the Methods section of the proposal.
Non-textual elements for research question
2: Inclusion of non-textual elements, such as,
figures, charts, photos, maps, tables, etc. to
further illustrate key findings. To prevent the
audience from getting bored while reading a
scientific article, some of the data should be
expressed in a visual format in graphics, and
figures rather than crowded numerical values
in the text.

Note: Please make the table in MS Word or

Google Forms. Do NOT just paste the print screen
of the table of results.
Description of results for research
question 2: A systematic description of your
results, highlighting for the reader
observations that are most relevant to the
topic under investigation. Only data, and
information concerning the study in question
should be included in the ‘Results’ section.
Results not mentioned in this section should
not be included in the ‘Discussion’ section.

Note: Please refer to our previous learning

playlists on how to interpret results. Learning
playlists 2-9 is for quantitative data analysis
(statistical treatment) and learning playlist 10 is for
qualitative data analysis (thematic analysis)
Summary of Results: A short paragraph that
summarizes the results section by
synthesizing the key findings of the study.
Summary should be consistent with study
objectives/ research question. Explain how the
results answer the question under study.

Please refer to this links below for additional references. These are the same materials in Part I of learning playlist 11.
Results Section: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i38Qup3KxSM51LckrvNNzExJhZ9Mk5vr/view?usp=sharing
Results Section Continuation: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VaPn9V6LqZMKUhK5nkQStm5dDTwGACe_/view?usp=sharing
 SECTION 2: Discussion

INSTRUCTIONS WRITE - UP
Introductory paragraph: It contains the main
idea of performing the study in question.
Without repeating ‘Introduction’ section of the
manuscript, the problem to be addressed, and
its updated references are analyzed. The
introductory paragraph starts with an
undebatable sentence, and proceeds with a
part addressing the following questions as:
(i) On what issue we must concentrate,
discuss or elaborate?
(ii) What solutions can be recommended to
solve this problem?
(iii) What will be the new, different, and
innovative issue?
(iv) How will our study contribute to the
solution of this problem.

Intermediate paragraphs: Herein, your findings rather than those of the other researchers are discussed. The previous studies can be an explanation or
reinforcement of your findings. Each paragraph should contain opinions in favor or against the topic discussed, critical evaluations, and learning points.

Additional instructions:
1. In this portion of discussion, literature are needed to explain or reinforce your findings. Hence, you may refer to these sources.
(i) Statements from the research proposal.
(ii) Collected research articles in this link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1omabe6RT9Nkl2oqSlLR6JaB-wF6OE1eM?usp=sharing
(iii) Research articles in EBSCO host or Google Scholars.
2. Since you need literature for this portion, make sure that in-text citations (Surname/s, Year) after selected statements are included.
3. The research proposal already has its own bibliography; however, references must be added if literatures that are not yet included in the bibliography are used.
4. Mendeley is an application that could help you organize your references. Refer to this link: https://youtu.be/s0VBTXzhv_o for instructions on (i) how to install
and (ii) how to use the application. Using this application is optional.
5. Not including at least five in-text citation per research question will result to a zero score. Also, DON’T just copy and paste statements from a literature.
Intermediate paragraph for research
question 1:
• Begin by briefly re-stating the research
problem you were investigating and answer
the research question underpinning the
problem that you posed in the introduction.
• Describe the patterns, principles, and
relationships shown by each major finding
and place them in proper perspective.
• A good discussion section includes analysis
of any unexpected findings. This part of the
discussion should begin with a description
of the unanticipated finding, followed by a
brief interpretation as to why you believe it
appeared and, if necessary, it’s possible
significance in relation to the overall study.

Note: Include at least 5 citations.

Intermediate paragraph for research

question 2:
• Begin by briefly re-stating the research
problem you were investigating and answer
the research question underpinning the
problem that you posed in the introduction.
• Describe the patterns, principles, and
relationships shown by each major finding
and place them in proper perspective.
• A good discussion section includes analysis
of any unexpected findings. This part of the
discussion should begin with a description
of the unanticipated finding, followed by a
brief interpretation as to why you believe it
appeared and, if necessary, it’s possible
significance in relation to the overall study.

Note: Include at least 5 citations.

 Concluding paragraph: In the last paragraph
of the Discussion section “strong points” of the
study should be mentioned using
“constrained”, and “not too strongly assertive”
statements. Indicating limitations of the study
will reflect objectivity of the authors and
provide answers to the questions which will be
directed by the reviewers of the journal. On
the other hand, in the last paragraph, future
directions or potential applications may be
emphasized.

Please refer to this links below for additional references. These are the same materials in Part I of learning playlist 11.
Discussion Section: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KksLpuBGA-sPGsHsqMaSRNAsCfcXQv_k/view?usp=sharing

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Write the results and discussions section of the research proposal in the next pages of this worksheet following the format:
• A4 paper size, portrait orientation;
• 1 inch margin to all sides;
• 1.15 spacing per line;
• one space per paragraph;
• Times New Roman font style;
• 12 font size.

Also, follow the formatting instructions stated in the next page.

 Results
Write your answers for section 1, but in paragraph forms instead of in tables. Include transition
words and statements in between the sentences or paragraphs if necessary*

Paragraph 1: Introductory paragraph*

Put non-textual elements for research question 1 (Follow the format in labeling the non-
textual elements. They are discussed in Practical Research 1. Make sure that the label is
stated in the description of results.) *

Paragraph 2: Description of results for research question 1 (May include more

paragraphs if you use more than one non-textual elements. Make sure that you put a paragraph
to describe the results in each non-textual element.) *

Put non-textual elements for research question 2 (Follow the format in labeling the non-
textual elements. They are discussed in Practical Research 1. Make sure that the label is
stated in the description of results.) *

Paragraph 3: Description of results for research question 2 (May include more

paragraphs if you use more than one non-textual elements. Make sure that you put a paragraph
to describe the results in each non-textual element.) *

Paragraph 4: Summary of Results

Discussion
Write your answers for section 2, but in paragraph forms instead of in tables. Include transition
words and statements in between the sentences or paragraphs if necessary*

Paragraph 1: Introductory paragraph*

Paragraph 2: Intermediate paragraph for Research Question 1 (May include more

paragraphs if necessary.) *

Paragraph 3: Intermediate paragraph for Research Question 2 (May include more

paragraphs if necessary.) *

Paragraph 4: Concluding paragraph (May give a separate paragraph for

recommendations if necessary.) *

References
Include references here using APA 7th
edition. Arrange your references alphabetically. Using
Mendeley in citing your sources is highly encouraged.

*All instructions must be deleted in the final form of your results and discussions.
Rubric for Results and Discussion

Results Completely Evident Partially Evident Not Evident

Score
Results section of the research… (4 points) (2 points) (0 point)
1. used statistical treatment suitable for the type of data and purpose
of analysis.
2. uses presentation methods suitable for the type of data and purpose
of presentation.
3. selects suitable non-textual elements (tables or figures) of
presenting data.
4. uses appropriate and consistent format and labels of non-textual
elements (tables or figures).
5. makes reliable and valid interpretation of data analysis results.

6. base interpretations solely based on data analysis results.

7. accurately and concisely answers the research questions.

Discussion Completely Evident Partially Evident Not Evident
Score
Discussion section of the research… (4 points) (2 points) (0 point)
1. appropriately describes and organizes results to answer the
research questions.
2. correctly identifies trends, patterns and themes to draw suitable
interpretations and inferences from the data.
3. includes analysis of any unexpected findings.
4. relates findings with pertinent literature to describe, explain, support
or contradict results.
5. illustrates how results supports or contradicts the assumptions of the
conceptual framework.
6. discloses findings associated to chance more than to intended
variables.
7. gives direction on how this research might be continued in the
future.
TOTAL SCORE /56

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