Fighting the

Culture of Fallacy
*Culture of Fallacy
*Misinformation
*Disinformation
*Fake news
*Architects of Disinformation
*Trolls
*Identifying Fake News
*Combatting Fake News
Nagbabasa ka ng balita because?
Culture of
Fallacy?
 Culture
=
Pattern of Behavior, Way of Life

-shared/exhibited/practiced by
many
 Culture of Fallacy
=
Culture of Spreading Lies
Misinformation
vs.
Disinformation
Misinformation Disinformation

Sharing false information which

is presented as something that
is true
Fake News

refers to false information or

propaganda published under the
guise of being authentic news.
Why are there fake news?

-because there are trolls!

Trolls
are people who intentionally write,
publish, and spread fake news.
Trolling
the act of intentionally writing,
publishing, and spreading fake news.
May troll because?
There are trolls because there is a
MARKET DEMAND for trolls.

Trolls are being PAID for trolling.

Who pay the trolls?
 Architects of
Disinformation
 sociological research:

politicians from around

the world
politicians

power

public
 Goal:
Shape public
opinion!
Why do they spend money for
trolling?

1.) To push forward their

propaganda

2.) To shape public opinion

 How and why did we
reach this point when
fake news is literally
everywhere and people
are highly deceived?
 The architects of
disinformation attacked the
mainstream media.
 presstitute
(portmanteau of press
& prostitute)
bayaran
 bias
(which should actually take
the form “biased” for
adjective)
 Why?

So that people may turn to

what they are offering – fake
news.
 How to
spot fake
news?
1.) A news story is FAKE
NEWS when it cannot be
verified.
 REMINDER:
When you cannot
verify the source,
more likely, it is
FAKE.
 2.) Remember that
FAKE NEWS appeals
to emotion.
Do not be carried
away by your
emotions.
 Always check the
truthfulness of what
you are consuming
online.
 Look for
VERIFIABLE FACTS
that can serve as an
EVIDENCE for the
claims of the material
that you are consuming.
 Do not automatically assume
that an article or a post that has
received thousands of likes and
heart reactions or that has been
shared by thousands of people
is true.
What makes a post true
are the VERIFIABLE
FACTS that can back up
whatever it is saying and
NOT the number of
reactions and shares.
 3.) Authors of
fake news
usually are NOT
experts.
*Check the author of
the post or article that
you are reading.
 Is he an expert?

Is he credible?

Does he have an established

integrity for you to believe
him?
*Check the quality of
whatever you are
reading. When it has a
lot of errors, more
likely, it is FAKE.
4.) You can find fake
news in fake sites.
5.) Aside from the wall
or site of the troll, fake
news cannot be found
anywhere else.
 What are the
usual forms of
fake news?
A. Fabricated/Reused
Images
 In 2019, there was a picture headline
claiming that former President
Benigno Aquino III was disappointed
over a proposal to change the name of
the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA) into Manila International
Airport was only fake news.
 The Facebook post
had more than 5,000
reactions and 2,000
shares.
This disturbing news posted by
http://rondabalita.news has
been seen by more than
185,000 people and was shared
a lot of times since March 7,
2018.
B. Images with Fake
Statements
C. Clickbait
 D. Opinions that are
presented to the public as
“TRUTH”
 How to
combat fake
news?
1. Fact check!
#FactChecking
2. Triangulate your
data!
#DataTriangulation
 credible source 1

information

credible source 2 credible source 3

3. Do NOT share
fake news.
#CutTheChain
 4. Be a critical
thinker. Always!
#CriticalThinking
5. Educate others!
Please!
#CollectiveFightAgainstFallacy