CALCULUS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

MATHEMATICS-I

(21MAB101T)

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

Part-II

Dr. B. Bira (SRMIST) Calculus and Linear Algebra 1/5

Simultaneous linear D.E. with constant coefficients Unit-III
The differential equations which contain one independent variable and two
or more dependent variables is called simultaneous equations.
dy
Example: Solve dx dt + 7x − y = 0; dt + 2x + 5y = 0.
Solution: The given system of equation can be written as:

(D + 7)x − y = 0, (1)
(D + 5)y + 2x = 0. (2)

Now, (1) +(D + 5)(2), we have

2x + (D + 5)y = 0,
(D + 5)(D + 7)x − (D + 5)y = 0
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
(D + 5)(D + 7)x + 2x = 0, i .e
(D 2 + 12D + 37)x = 0. (3)

Dr. B. Bira (SRMIST) Calculus and Linear Algebra 2/5

Simultaneous linear D.E. with constant coefficients Unit-III

The A.E of (3) is

−12 ± 2i
m2 + 12m + 37 = 0 ⇒ m = = −6 ± i = α + i β.
2
∴ The C .F = e −6t (C1 cos t + C2 sin t) = C .S = x(t) as P.I = 0.
Now putting this value in the dx dx
dt + 7x − y = 0 ⇒ y = dt + 7x, which can
be given as:

y = e −6t (C3 cos t + C4 sin t) with C3 = C2 + C1 , C4 = C2 − C1 .

Dr. B. Bira (SRMIST) Calculus and Linear Algebra 3/5

Simultaneous linear D.E. with constant coefficients Unit-III

dy
Example: Solve dx
dt + 2y = sin 2t; dt − 2x = cos 2t.
Solution: The given system of equation can be written as:

Dx + 2y = sin 2t, (4)

Dy − 2x = cos 2t. (5)

Now, (4) × D − (5) × 2, we have

D 2 x + 2Dy = 2 cos 2t
−4x + 2Dy = 2 cos 2t
−−−−−−−−−−−
(D 2 + 4)x = 0. (6)

Dr. B. Bira (SRMIST) Calculus and Linear Algebra 4/5

Simultaneous linear D.E. with constant coefficients Unit-III

The A.E of (6) is

m2 + 4 = 0 ⇒ m = 0 ± 2i = α + i β ⇒ α = 0, β = 2.

∴ The C .F = (C1 cos 2t + C2 sin 2t) = C .S = x(t) as P.I = 0.

Now putting this value in the dx dx
dt + 2y = sin 2t ⇒ 2y = sin 2t − dt , which
can be given as:
sin 2t
y (t) = + (C3 sin 2t − C4 cos 2t) .
2
∴

x(t) = (C1 cos 2t + C2 sin 2t) ,

sin 2t
y (t) = + (C1 sin 2t − C2 cos 2t) .
2

Dr. B. Bira (SRMIST) Calculus and Linear Algebra 5/5