5/18/23, 10:53 PM Isotopes and Their Uses

Isotopes and Their Uses

2.4 Isotopes and Their Uses

Definition of Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Proton Nucleon
Isotope
number number

Hydrogen
Hidrogen 1 1
Deuterium 1 2
Tritium 1 3
Oxygen
Oxygen- 16 8 16
Oxygen- 17 8 17
Oxygen- 18 8 18
Carbon
Carbon- 12 6 12
Carbon- 13 6 13
Carbon- 14 6 1

Relative Atomic Mass of Isotopes

Definition of Natural Abundance

The percentage of isotopes present in a natural sample of an element

Formula for Relative Atomic mass

Σ(%Isotope × Mass of isotope)
Relative atomic mass =
100
​

Uses of Isotopes

Isotope Uses
Cobalt-60 To kill cancer cells without surgery
Sterilising surgical tools

Iodine-131 Treatment of thyroid disorders

Phosphorus-32 Study of plant metabolism
Uranium-235 Generating electricity through the nuclear power generator
Carbon-14 Estimation of artefacts or fossils’ age
Lead-210 In determining the age of sand and earth layers up to 80 years
Hydrogen-3 As a detector to study sewage and liquid wastes
Sodium-24 In detecting leakage in underground pipes

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