HAWASSA UNIVERSITY

WONDO GENET COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCE

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL FORESTRY

A SEMINAR RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF EUCALYPTUS

TREE SPECIES IN WONDO GENET COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCE

NAME Id number

1. Daneil Abrham 0604/12

2. Hanna Mohammed 0332/11

Adviser by: - Tizazu.T

WONDO GENET, ETHIOPIA

 Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Back ground of the study..................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the problem................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objective.......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 General Objective........................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Specific Objective.......................................................................................................2
1.4 Research questions...........................................................................................................2
1.6 Significance of the study..................................................................................................2
2. Literature Review................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 Socio-economic aspects of Planting Eucalypts.................................................................3
2.2 Socio-economic services..................................................................................................5
2.3 Products and services....................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Products.......................................................................................................................7
2.3 Biomass production potential of Eucalyptus...................................................................8
2.5 Eucalyptus management..................................................................................................8
3. Methods and Materials...........................................................................................................9
3.1. Description of the study area...........................................................................................9
3.1.1 Location.......................................................................................................................9
3.1.2soil type........................................................................................................................9
3.1.2.4. Land use.................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.2.5 Population.................................................................................................................. 9
3.2.1 Data collection.............................................................................................................9
3.2.2 Sampling size............................................................................................................10
3.2.3 Method of data analysis.............................................................................................10
4. Work plan................................................................................................................................ 10
4.1 Bugetary cost......................................................................................................................11
6. REFFERENCE.................................................................................................................... 12
7. APPENDIX......................................................................................................................... 12
questionnaires used.............................................................................................................. 12
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Back ground of the study

Eucalyptus, a genus of more than 500 species, has become the most planted genus of tree in the
world (Demel, 2000). The major planting of the eucalypts, outside its native environment of
Australia, the Malaysian region and the Philippines started in 1904 in Brazil. Today Eucalyptus
plantations cover at least 12 million ha throughout the tropical zone, 90% of which have been
established since 1955 (Turnbull, 1999). The genus was introduced to East Africa in the late 19th
and early 20th century and by the early 1970s the eucalypts in Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya
and Sudan had reached 95,684 ha (FAO, 1979). The largest plantations at that time were in
Ethiopia and Rwanda, at 42,300 ha and 23,000 ha, respectively.

In Ethiopia the genus was introduced during the reign of Emperor Menilek II (1868-1907) in
1894/95 (Breitenbach, 1961). The purpose was to supply fuel wood and construction timber to
the new and growing capital city, Addis Ababa. In the 1970s, the plantation area around Addis
Ababa was about 15,000 ha while in other parts of the country approximately 76,000 ha of
plantations had been established.

Currently, about 55 species of eucalyptus have been grown in Ethiopia, of which between five
and ten are widely planted. In Ethiopia, the most widespread species include Eucalyptus
camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora, and Eucalyptus globules sub species. Globules,
Eucalyptusregnans, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus tereticornis (Friis, 1995); Eucalyptus
globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis are the major species planted in the highlands of
Ethiopia. Eucalyptus growing in Ethiopia is mostly confined to the highlands, where there are
suitable moisture and temperature regimes. They are generally superior in their field
performance to other exotics and native species, thus farmers plant large numbers of eucalyptus,
particularly Eucalyptus globulus, on small areas of land and manage them to yield a variety of
products, including leaves and small branches for fuel, poles and posts for house building and
other farm uses. According to Demel (2000), many people in Ethiopia are absolutely dependent
on the eucalypts as a source of fuel and house building material.
The introduction of this species into Ethiopia was a success because of the huge gap between
demand and supply as a result of escalating deforestation (Henry, 1973), and the introduction of
a fast-growing, browse-resistant plantation species was inevitable (Tesfaye, 2009; Demel, 2000;
Zerfu, 2002; Zerfu et al.) with Eucalyptus globules known locally as ‘Nech-Baharzaf’ or ‘white
Eucalyptus, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis known as ‘Key-Baharzaf’ or ‘Red Eucalypt’, being
the species by Ethiopian most preferred by farmers (Minda, 2004; Amare, 2002; Zerihun, 2002;
Gebre-Markos, 1998; Daba, 1998).

At the moment Ethiopia has the largest area of Eucalyptus plantations in the east Africa and is
one of the 10 pioneer countries that introduced the eucalypts. Its cultivation has gradually spread
throughout Ethiopia encouraged by academic, research and development institutions including
haromaya college of agriculture, institute of agricultural research (IAR) and chilalo agricultural
development unit (CADU) (amare 2002).

1.2 Statement of the problem

In many kebeles of wesha soyoma there are many more tree species are available, in wesha
soyoma kebele eucalyptus tree species are the most dominant species among the kebele’s of
wesha, however there is no study has been done before to the socio economic importance why
these species is the most dominant. Is it due to the socio-economic importance of it or the other
factors is behind?

1.3 Objective

1.3.1 General Objective

 To assess challenges and opportunities to plant eucalyptus tree species in the study area
of wesha kebele.

1.3.2 Specific Objective

 To identify the socioeconomic importance of Eucalyptus plantation in the study area To
identifying eucalyptus species grown in

1.4 Research questions

 What are the socio economic importances’s of eucalyptus species?
 What problem do eucalyptus tree have?
 What is the role of eucalyptus tree in agroforestry?
1.6 Significance of the study

This research work can help to capture concerned information for NGOs, investors and other
organization to set-up policy and strategies in relation to socioeconomic importance of
eucalyptus species. It may also be a source of information or it may also use as a reference for
future. Many farmers have been extensively planted eucalyptus due to its suitability for fuel and
construction poles, ease of cultivation and adaptability to a range of environmental conditions,
making of farm equipment, generating income with short period of time.

.
2. Literature Review

2.1 Socio-economic aspects of Planting Eucalypts

According to FAO (1988, 1989) eucalypt plantations have become a subject for argument in
some countries because the needs of the local people and the forestry objectives likely to be
achieved by planting eucalypts have not been well matched. In other places eucalyptus
plantations are making a very good contribution to the needs of the community because the
advantages obtained outweigh the disadvantages and it would be quite unwise to grow eucalypts
if they were not beneficial to majority of the local people. In Tanzania eucalypts are among the
major species grown under small holder forestry and contributes significant source of building
material (poles) and fuel wood. Today eucalypts from small holder farms contribute a significant
proportion in the timber market and large scale trade in transmission poles (Munishiet et al,
2004; Munishiet al., 2007). Eucalypts can play an important role in developing the objectives of
social forestry in Tanzania such as creating new sources of forest produce in rural areas
(firewood, charcoal, building poles and small timber), help farm owners by growing useful trees
including those that can be sold as cash crops, conserving soil and water and providing amenities
such as recreational areas among others (FAO, 1988; Munishiet al., 2004; Munishi et al., 2007).
It has been argued that in Ethiopia the introduction of eucalyptus species was a great success
(Henry 1973) and is undeniable fact that eucalyptus plantations have played and was play a
tremendous role in alleviating the fuel and construction material problems of the community in
Ethiopia (Tesfaye 2009). In India the average annual productivity of eucalypts is 20 times that of
natural forests putting it at a higher rank in terms of biomass production. Though still undesirable
ecologically to replace natural forests with the plantations of eucalyptus, there is nothing wrong
if its cultivation is done on marginal agricultural or degraded lands and farmlands as most
eucalypts can adapt to different agro ecological conditions (Sapra, 2007).

In 1992 the world production of essential oils was estimated to be about 4000 tons of which 60-
70% went into the medicinal market, with China dominating the market. Tasmanian Blue Gum
(Eucalyptus globules) is the major source of essential oils. The prices of eucalyptus oil were-$4/
kg by the mid-1990s. This species is also planted in Tanzania but not exploited for essential oils.
Worldwide there are about 17.9 million hectares of eucalypt plantations mostly in Brazil, India,
China, South Africa, Spain and Portugal.
Commercial production of eucalyptus began in Victoria, Australia in 1860. The nineteenth
century eclectic doctors adopted eucalyptus as a treatment for fevers, laryngitis, asthma, chronic
bronchitis, whooping cough, gonorrhea, ulcers, gangrenous tissue, edema, and gastrointestinal
disturbances. European doctors used eucalyptus oil to sterilize their surgical and medical
equipment. Eucalyptus leaves were often made into cigars or cigarettes and smoked to relieve
asthma and bronchial congestion. Modern medicines around the world have included eucalyptus
in their practices. Indian ayurvedics use eucalyptus to treat headaches resulting from colds.
Eucalyptus is listed in the Indian Pharmacopoeia as an expectorant and in the Chinese
Pharmacopoeia as a skin irritant used in nerve pain. In France, eucalyptus leaves are applied
topically to relieve congestion from colds and to treat acute bronchial disease. A standardized
eucalyptus tea is licensed in Germany to treat bronchitis and throat inflammations. Eucalyptus is
also an ingredient in German herbal cough preparations. The German Commission has approved
the internal use of eucalyptus to treat congestion of the respiratory tract, and the external use to
treat rheumatic complaints. In the United States, eucalyptus is a component of many
decongestant and expectorating cough and cold remedies, such as cough drops, cough syrups,
and vapor baths. Eucalyptus is often used in veterinary medicine. It is used to treat horses with
flu, dogs with distemper, and to treat parasitic skin conditions.

Out of the 600 species only a few are used in Tanzania including Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus
grandis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globules, Eucalyptus Viminal’s Eucalyptus
citriodora,, Eucalyptus regnasand Eucalyptus microtheca. The main attribute, which has favored
the choice of eucalyptus in Tanzania, and in many other tropical and subtropical countries, is the
fast growth rate of the selected species. By selecting the best seed source within a species, one
can produce poles in short rotation of 4 to 6 years and fuel wood in a shorter period. Eucalyptus
trees were mainly introduced to provide fuel wood for rural and urban communities and
transmission poles. At Sao Hill large areas were planted with Eucalypt to feed the pulp and paper
mill. Eucalyptus was also use for marking of government forest reserves boundaries. Some
farmers in the highlands of Kilimanjaro, Iringa, Mbeya and Arusha regions planted Eucalyptus
trees for boundary marking or protection of fallow land. Some of these trees are very big, and
given the current shortage of timber in these areas, and improvement in sawing and drying
technologies, these trees are now sawn for timber and playing an important role in the local
economy.
Eucalypts have been planted widely for commercial use in Brazil and other South American
countries, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. They are used extensively for
fuel and construction and are an important component of the developing world economies.
Foliage of some species yields essential oils for medicines and perfumes. Tannins are extracted
from the bark of certain species

2.2 Socio-economic services

Although Eucalyptus plantations have faced controversies, country reviews of the situation in
India, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Spain, China, South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda,
Tanzania and others revealed that, in general, planting of the eucalyptus has increased and has
helped to raise people’s living standards by providing building materials, fuel wood, poles and
farm timber (Munishi,2009; Tesfaye, 2009; Chin Ong, 2003; Demel, 2000; Amare, 2002; Jagger
and Pender, 2000; FAO,1979). Eucalypt plantations have acted as a buffer against financial crisis
for many poor farmers on land unsuited to sustainable agriculture and in many developing
countries the area of private planting was much greater than that planted by government
departments or industry. Furthermore, the plantations have increased job opportunities both in
the plantations and in processing industries (FAO, 1985).

In Ethiopia socio-economic evaluations of Eucalyptus have been carried out, mainly on

Eucalyptus globules and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. They showed that planting the genus made a
substantial contribution to the income of household, even more than agricultural crops did,
especially where the indigenous woodland was degraded and the people were suffering from fuel
shortages, water scarcity, erosion and land degradation (Tesfaye, 2009; Holden et al., 2003;
Amare, 2002; Zerihun Kebebew, 2002; Jaggerand Pender, 2000; Gebre-Markos, 1998; Daba,
1998). Eucalyptus plantations in the country expanded from state owned plantations to
community woodlots and household compounds while in the degraded and drier parts of the
country it has become the principal means of livelihood. Asaye (2002) reportedthat, on average,
at least 26% of total family income came from such plantations.

Likewise, a socio-economic evaluation of growing Eucalyptus in Kenya indicated that at least

20% of total family income came from the sale of wood products from these plantations
(Gustavsson and Kimeu, 1992). In terms of financial returns, Eucalyptus growing was next to
tea, or even better if price declines occurred for tea. Similarly, in Tanzania and other East
African countries, the eucalypts were among the major species grown under smallholder forestry,
contributing significant quantities of building poles, firewood, charcoal, small timber, and cash
(Munishi, 2009; FAO, 1985). A study on the role of Eucalyptus plantations in meeting wood
requirements in its homeland (Australia) also showed that a number of fast growing eucalypts,
established in plantations grown at rotations of less than 30 years, had considerable potential to
provide valuable wood products such as sawn and veneer products (Waugh, 1995).

Social and economic problems have arisen from insensitive plantation establishment or unwise
management, but many of those accounts that have been highlighted in the literature appear to be
exaggerated and to ignore the benefits of the genus. In most developing countries countries in the
tropics and sub-tropics, the clearance of trees for agriculture on marginal lands and for meeting
firewood needs has caused environmental degradation made worse by lack of a national land use
policy. Eucalypts offer the chance to ameliorate the situation if properly managed and
implemented and in fact, the potential contribution of the genus has remained largely
unexplored.

2.3 Products and services

2.3.1 Products
Fuel wood domestic energy probably the most important forest products in African countries but
also commercial energy. Lumber Only in Rwanda is lumber produced commercially, but at
household level pit sawing is practiced e.g. in Ethiopia Transmission poles Almost all power and
telephone lines, especially in Ethiopia, are Eucalyptus Plywood There are a few plywood plants
e.g. in Ethiopia Scaffolding the construction boom in East Africa (skyscrapers, bridges, dams
and roads) used Eucalyptus scaffolding. Building and fencing posts almost all wooden houses
and fences were built from Eucalyptus in Ethiopia Rail way sleepers (ties) Important in the
Kenyan and Ugandan railway construction

Medicine Used as medicine in households and communities, e.g. in Ethiopia where Eucalyptus
globules leaves used to treat common cold and flu Honey production Flowers important for
honey Perfumery some commercial distillers e.g. in Ethiopia where essential oil produced from
leaves of. Eucalyptus globules and Eucalyptus citriodora
2.3 Biomass production potential of Eucalyptus
At present, Eucalyptus is produced commercially as a commodity for multiple end uses.
Eucalyptus is usually developed as a monoculture tree production with short rotation periods,
usually twice or more compared with species for pulp and timber tree products (FAO, 1996).
Cultivation of Eucalyptus in a large scale is no longer than 30-40 years and in this period it is
used for specific end uses like fuel wood and other raw materials for rayon and pulp products
(FAO, 1996). Expansion of Eucalyptus plantation was carried out on an area of 700,
0004,000,000 ha from 1955 to 1970 (Stevens, 1988) and the total area.

2.5 Eucalyptus management

The yield of Eucalyptus and its environmental impact is greatly influenced by the type of
management. Management outcome is determined by the objectives, the processes of
propagation, silvicultural activities, and yield. In Australia enrichment planting has been used to
give mixed species plantations, and the broadcast sowing of seed (especially in older even-aged
stands) has been practiced to maximize yield where seed may be in short supply (Jacobs, 2010).
Experience from Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil showed that it was possible to double
production by fertilizing and irrigating plantations in less fertile soils and it was possible to
minimize the risk of some pests and diseases (e.g. ant and caterpillar infestations)through the
introduction of broad genetic base in the breeding program (Lorentzen, 2001, cited in
Christersson and Verma, 2006). In Kenya and South Africa, the introduction of hybrids or clonal
eucalypts with even faster growth rates has raised concerns over susceptibility to insect attack or
disease.

3. Materials and Methods

3.1. Description of the study area

3.1.1 Location
This study conducted in the study site is found in wesha Keble sidama region. It is located 272

0 0
km far distance from adiss abeba geographically, it lie between 7 06’ N latitude and 38 37 E
longitude. It is border on the south by malga, on the west by Hawassa zuria, and on the north
and east by the Oromia region.
3.1.2 Population

Washea kebele is one of the densely populated kebele of the wondo genet worda in sidama zone
with total populationof 5363 of which 3883 are male and 1480 are female. The kebele comprises
1481 house hold of which 1392(94%) are headed by male and the rest 88(6%) are heeded by
female house hold ( population and housing census 1994) .

3.1.3 Climate
According data obtained from the keble office and Ethiopian metrology agency climate condition
of wesha kebele is traditionally categorized under is the community livelihood. The area has
bimodal rain season. The short rain generally arrived in mid to late February while the long rain
begin late June and continue to the end September occasionally sporadic rain occurred during the
dry season but it has little impact on the growth of plants. The mean annual rain fall range from
700mm-1400mm with the average value of 1200mm per year and the mean annual temperature
is about between 170c-190c.

3.1.4 Soil type

The major types of that found in washi kebele are sandy, loamy. They are generally well
supplied with all provide and available plant nutrition with the exception of phosphate.

3.1.5 Land use system

The agricultural land area of the Keble is 946.8 hectare which is used mainly for mixing farming
those hectare consist many samples such as 40 ha of settlement ,20 ha of annual crop, 250 ha
forest and other shrubs and range land, 94 ha of plantation and 2.8 ha of potential agriculture.The
main cultivation of area importance and land coverage area sugar cane, maize, inset, chat, fruit,
trees and vegetation. The left crop such as teff, wheat, barley, sorghum and beans are rarely
cultivated

3.2.1 Data collection

The data will collected through sample survey method at household level. We will use two
sources of data for the study. These will be; secondary sources (about altitude, temperature,
annual rainfall, and population status from registered information of Kebele administrative), like
reading of organizational manual and different copies in their office, referring different books in
the library and internet. Primary sources about the socio economic importance of eucalyptus
plantations were collected through interviewing households, making small group discussion and
field observation. This questionnaire will containing both open-ended and closed ended question
which is used to capture the respondent’s opinion or understanding.

The kebele has purposively selected from wesha kebele based on available time, budget. Then
simple random sampling (p=1-N-1/N*N-2/N-1….N-n/N-(n-1)) technique will be taken and 30
people will be selected from 635households and they used us for primary data collection. This
sampling will be made based on budget and on the peoples who will give good information on
the importance of eucalyptus plantation. For this study we will select 30 people by using simple
random sampling. Because of the matter of equal chance respondents are being included.

3.2.2 Method of data analysis

The statistics that used were carefully to have good information on identifying importance of
eucalyptus plantations. The data will analyzed through descriptive statistical analysis, excel and
interpreted and presented by using tables, percentage.

3.2.2 Sampling size

The kebele will be select from wesha soyama based on available time, budget. Then simple
random sampling technique has taken and 30 people will select from 635households and they
will uses for primary data collection. This sampling will be made based on budget and the
peoples those giving good information on the importance of eucalyptus plantation. For this study
30 people will select using simple random sampling. Because of the matter of equal chance
respondents have include. The select kebele has about 14-19 hectare of land cover by eucalyptus
plantations hence, from a total of 635 household 30 samples has taken for primary data source
for this study.
4. WORK PLAN

No Activities Month

NOV DEC JUA FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

1 Proposal
writing

2 Questionnaire
preparation

3 Data
collection

4 Data Analysis

5 Report
Writing

6 Research
Submission

7 Research
defence
5. BUDGETARY COST

Item Units Amount Unit price Total price

Paper no 1 180 180

Pen Number 8 10 80

Note book Number 1 50 50

Transport No days 8 10*14 140

Ruler Number 1 50 50

Pencil Number 1 5 5

Sub-total 20 505 505

6. REFFERENCE
Doughty R.W. 2005. The Eucalyptus: a natural and commercial history of the gum tree. The
John Hopkins University Press, London UK.237 p.

FAO 2009.Eucalyptus for planting. FAO forestry and forest products study No.11. FAO, Rome.

FAO 2006. Reports Submitted to the Regional Expert Consultation on Eucalyptus - Volume II,
RAP

FAO 2002.Biodrainage, principles, experiences and applications, International Programme for

Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage. Knowledge Synthesis Report
6, FAO, Rome

FAO. 2006. Rome declaration on world food security and world food summit plan of action.
Rome. Italy.

Gebre-Markos, W. 2008.The forest resources of Ethiopia past and present. Journal of the
Ethiopian wildlife and natural history society. 19:10-28.

Kidanu S., Mamo T. and stroosnijder L. 2002.Eucalyptus-wheat interaction on Ethiopian

Nitisols.Debreziet agricultural research center, Ethiopia. Agricultural System 80
(2): 151-170.

Mekonnen, Z.; Kassa, H.; Lemenh, M.; Campbell, B.M. 2007. The role and management of
Eucalyptus in Lode Hetosa district, central Ethiopia. Forest, Trees and
Livelihoods 17, 309-323

Robert A. 2005. Managing blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) coppice. CALM science division,
department of conservation and land management, Kensington. Retrieved from. Accessed
March 29/ 2011. Accessed in June 10/2011.

Sapra, R.K. (2007). Eucalyptus plantation Safer Investment.Agriculture Tribune

TesfayeTeshome. 2009. Is Eucalyptus Ecologically Hazardous Tree Species? Ethiopian e-journal

for research and innovation foresight, Vol. 1, No 1:128-134
AmareGetahun 2002. Eucalyptus farming in Ethiopia: the case for eucalyptus woodlots in the
Amhara region. 2002 Bahir Dar Conference Proceedings. pp. 137-153. Ethiopian
Society of Soil Science.

Asaye, A. 2007. Growing performance and economics of growing Eucalyptus camaldulensis by

small holder farmers of Amhara Region: the case of Gondar Zuria District, North
Gondar, Ethiopia. Ethiopian M.Sc. thesis report 2009:57.Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.

Chin Ong. 2008. Policy brief on eucalyptus dilemma in Kenya. Presented at the RELMA forum
on eucalyptus dilemma, Nairobi, 10 June 2003.

Christersson, L. and Verma, K. 2006. Short-rotation forestry - a complement to “conventional”

forestry. FAO non-thematic issue.
APPENDIX

HAWASSAUNIVERSITY

WONDO GENET COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCE

Questionnaires used for Socio-economic importance of eucalyptus.

General Information
1. Date of interview-----------------------.
2. Keble------------------------------
3. Name of house holder------------------------------------------------------------
4. Sex--------------------------.6 Age----------------------
5. How many family members do you have? ------------A) Male--------B) Female------
6. Educational statuses
A. Unable to read and write

B. Read and write only D. Secondary School

C. Primary school E) Above Secondary School
Key Question to answer
1. Are you using eucalyptus species? A) Yes B) No
2. For what purpose do you use?
3. Among your land size how many hectares are covered by eucalyptus species?
4. This eucalyptus is planted by private or public?
5. Who have responsibility to manage thus plantations?
6. Do you have information on use of different eucalyptus species? -------------------
7. If yes, state the advantages and disadvantages.
A. Advantages ------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Disadvantages ------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Do you have plan/intention to plant eucalyptus species?

------------------------------------------
9. Do you believe that eucalyptus species prevent soil erosion?
-----------------------------------------------

10. Is there economic benefits? A) Yes B) NO

11. If yes what type of uses do you get? List them

……………………

…………………….
……………………

12. What is the use of eucalyptus species for community?

A. Cash income B. Energy sources

C. For different construction D. Used to make tools in house
E. All F) Others ……………

13. What does social values obtained from it?

A. Recreational value B. Medicinal value

C. Cultural benefit D. All

E. Others……………..

14. Can somebody use this eucalyptus plantation out of this kebele? A) Yes B) No

15. If yes in what ways they use?

-----------------------------------------------

16. What is the challenge of eucalyptus tree in wesha soyoma?

17. What is opportunity while using eucalyptus tree?